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'{{other people||William Colvill}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = William J. Colvill Jr. | image = William Colvill.jpg | caption = Captain William Colvill in 1861 or 62 | order = 3rd | office = Minnesota Attorney General | term_start = 1866 | term_end = 1868 | governor = [[William R. Marshall]] | predecessor = [[Gordon E. Cole]] | successor = [[Francis R. E. Cornell]] }} '''William J. Colvill Jr.''' (April 5, 1830 – June 12, 1905) was an American [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] colonel in the [[American Civil War]] who led the [[1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry]] in the [[Battle of Gettysburg]]. He was [[Minnesota Attorney General]] from 1866 to 1868 and he also served in the [[Minnesota House of Representatives]]. ==Early life== Colvill was born in [[Forestville, New York]] on April 5, 1830 to Irish and Scotch parents. He was graduated from the [[State University of New York at Fredonia|Fredonia Academy]] and taught a country school for one year. He studied law at Forestville and [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], where he read law in the office of [[Millard Fillmore]]. He was admitted to the bar in 1851. He practiced law in Forestville about three years and, in 1854, migrated to Minnesota. He spent the first year, or more, in St. Paul, during which time he was, first, enrolling clerk and then secretary of the Territorial Council. He then moved to Cannon Falls and took a tract of land upon which part of the city now stands. He opened a law office in Red Wing in 1854 and in 1855 established The Red Wing Sentinel, a Democratic newspaper.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1stminnesota.net/SearchResults.php3?ID=0779|title=First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> His papers were always Democratic in politics, but always for the Union and against secession. Those who held such views before the war were known as Union Democrats and generally supported the policies of [[Stephen A. Douglas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gdg.org/Research/OOB/Union/July1-3/wcolvill.html|title=Reminences of Col Colvill|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> ==Civil War== When the Civil War broke out, the 31-year-old Colvill was the first man from Goodhue County to volunteer. The local men elected him captain of Company F, [[1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry|1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment]]. On June 26, 1861, the regiment arrived in [[Washington D.C.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1stminnesota.net/SearchResults.php3?ID=0779|title=First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstminnesota.org/history/first.html|title=A Short History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> ===First Bull Run=== A month later, the regiment with the Union Army, marched south into Virginia. On July 21, they met the Confederate Army outside [[Manassas, Virginia]] at the [[First Battle of Bull Run]]. The regiment saw heavy fighting on [[Henry House Hill]] where they were ordered to support [[Rickett’s Battery]]. The 1st Minnesota was one of the last regiments to leave the battlefield, and suffered the highest casualties of any northern regiment (48 killed, 83 wounded and 30 missing).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstminnesota.org/history/first.html|title=A Short History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> ===The Seven Days Battle=== The Union Army, now under the command of General [[George B. McClellan]], landed on the peninsula between the [[James River]] and [[York River (Virginia)|York River]], and marched west towards Richmond. The two armies fought a series of battles over a week known as the [[Seven Days Battle]]. On June 30, 1862, at the [[Battle of White Oak Swamp]], Colvill received a bullet wound in the shoulder. He was sent to Baltimore where he spent the rest of the summer recuperating.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstminnesota.org/history/first.html|title=A Short History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> ===Antietam=== Colvill returned to his unit on August 31. Shortly after he was promoted to major. On September 17, the unit, having a strength of 435 men, participated in the [[Battle of Antietam]]. The 1st Minnesota was on the extreme right of the leading brigade (commanded by the regiment's former colonel, [[Willis A. Gorman]]) as [[John Sedgwick]]’s division ill-famed assault on the West Woods, resulting in a Union rout from that part of the field. Bursting through the far side of the woods, the column was exposed to heavy fire from both flanks. The unit suffered 15 killed, 79 wounded and 21 missing. Shortly after the battle he was promoted to lieutenant colonel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstminnesota.org/history/first.html|title=A Short History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> ===Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Haymarket=== On December 11, the 1st Minnesota was one of the units that captured the town of [[Fredericksburg, Virginia|Fredericksburg]] where they plundered the town in one of the more controversial acts in the war. Two days later, during the [[Battle of Fredericksburg]], they were not sent in one of the many suicidal charges against Mayre's Heights. The unit saw little action during the [[Battle of Chancellorsville]]. After the battle, General [[Joseph Hooker]] marched the [[Army of the Potomac]] north to counter General [[Robert E. Lee]]'s invasion of [[Pennsylvania]]. On June 23, Colvill was promoted to colonel and commander of the regiment. Two days later, on June 25, the unit was attacked by General [[JEB Stuart]]'s cavalry at the [[Battle of Haymarket]]. During the battle while leading the regiment, Colvill's horse was shot from underneath him. On the 29th, Colvill was arrested for allowing the men to cross a three-foot deep river on logs whereas the orders were to wade across. The march from Fredericksburg to Gettysburg would take 14 days with traveling 11 of those, averaging over 14 miles a day. By the time they reached the small town they were exhausted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstminnesota.org/history/first.html|title=A Short History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> [[File:WmColvillMinnesota.JPG|thumb|upright|left|Colvill statue in the Minnesota State Capitol]] ===Gettysburg and afterwards=== On July 2, 1863 the regiment was in reserve on Cemetery Ridge at Gettysburg. In the morning, Colvill had been relieved of arrest and resumed command the regiment. Late in the afternoon, Confederate General [[Cadmus Wilcox]]'s Alabama Brigade broke through the III Corp at the Wheatfield. Union II Corp commander, General [[Winfield Scott Hancock]] seeing the danger of the Union position being overrun on [[Cemetery Ridge]] rode up to the Minnesota troops and asked Colvill "What Unit is this?" Colvill responded "1st Minnesota Sir!" Hancocks response was "Charge that line". Hancock knew that the charge was suicidal but hoped to delay the Confederates long enough to get reinforcements to the ridge. Wilcox had begun the days fighting with some 1,800 men in his unit although it is not known exactly how many were left at the time of the action with the 1st Minnesota. Without hesitation, Colvill ordered the charge against a brigade four to five times larger. Of the 282 Minnesotans who made the charge, 217 were killed or wounded. Despite the heavy losses, the Minnesotans were successful in slowing the Confederates until more regiments arrived. A private also took the Colors of the 14th Virginia Infantry during the melee. Among the wounded was Colvill who was hit three times and severely wounded. He was shot in the shoulder and the ankle. One bullet entered the top right shoulder and tore across his back, clipping off a part of his vertebra and lodging under his left scapula. Both wounds would force Colvill to use a cane the rest of his life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1stminnesota.net/SearchResults.php3?ID=0779|title=First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> After the battle, Colvill recovered in a private home in Gettysburg at 303 Baltimore Street, at the corner of Baltimore and Breckenridge Streets. Being a very tall man at 6' 5", it was not easy fitting him into a bed. The surgeons at first wanted to amputate his foot, saying it was necessary in order to save his life, but Colvill would not allow it. From there he was sent to a hospital in [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]] where he remained until February 1864. He was reunited with his regiment that month as they were being mustered out and sent home.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1stminnesota.net/SearchResults.php3?ID=0779|title=First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> Back in [[Red Wing, Minnesota]], he edited the Red Wing Republican newspaper. During this time, he was elected to the Minnesota State Legislature. He took his seat in January 1865. Immediately after the adjournment of the legislature, he received an appointment as colonel of the [[1st Minnesota Heavy Artillery Regiment]], which was stationed in [[Chattanooga]]. On May 6, 1865, he received a brevet commission as brigadier general and was mustered out of service in July 1865.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1stminnesota.net/SearchResults.php3?ID=0779|title=First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> ==Later life== After the war, he returned to the state legislature until 1866. He was then elected Minnesota Attorney General from 1866 to 1868. Then he returned to his law practice in Red Wing. He also served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1878. During the next decade he served as register of the Duluth Land Office, from 1887 to 1891.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1stminnesota.net/SearchResults.php3?ID=0779|title=First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> ==Personal life== Colvill married Elizabeth Morgan (a direct descendant of [[Elder Brewster]], one of the Pilgrim Fathers)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gdg.org/Research/OOB/Union/July1-3/wcolvill.html|title=Reminences of Col Colvill|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> of [[Oneida County, New York]], in April, 1867. In 1893, Colvill had a 167-acre homestead in [[Grand Marais, Minnesota]] next to [[Lake Superior]]. Others settled there creating a small community. It was named [[Covill, Minnesota|Covill]] in 1906 after his death.<ref>{{cite book|author=Warren Upham|title=Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance|url=https://archive.org/details/minnesotageogra00uphagoog|year=1920|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society|page=[https://archive.org/details/minnesotageogra00uphagoog/page/n154 135]}}</ref> In 1905, Colvill traveled to the Soldiers Home in [[Minneapolis]] to attend a reunion of the veterans of the First Minnesota. While there, he died in his sleep on June 13.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1stminnesota.net/SearchResults.php3?ID=0779|title=First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment|access-date=2011-07-02}}</ref> He is buried in the Cannon Falls Community Cemetery in [[Cannon Falls, Minnesota]]. In 1928, President [[Calvin Coolidge]] was present for the dedication of a statue that was placed next to his grave. ==Legacy== Colvill Park in [[Red Wing, Minnesota]] is named for Colvill, and he is represented by a statue in the [[Minnesota State Capitol]]. In addition, a section of [[Minnesota State Highway 19]] from [[Gaylord, Minnesota|Gaylord]] to [[Red Wing, Minnesota|Red Wing]] is named in his honor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.earthlink.net/~northstarhighways2/Namedam.html|title=North Star Highways: Named Highway Route Log|access-date=2008-11-12}}</ref> ==See also== *[[List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union)]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *{{Find a Grave|6096}} *[http://www.mnopedia.org/person/colvill-william-1830-1905 William Colvill in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia] {{s-start}} {{s-legal}} {{succession box|title=[[Minnesota Attorney General]]|years=1866 &ndash; 1868 |before=[[Gordon E. Cole]]|after=[[Francis R. E. Cornell]]}} {{s-end}} {{Gettysburg figures|state=collapsed}} {{MNAG}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Colvill, William}} [[Category:People from Forestville, New York]] [[Category:People of Minnesota in the American Civil War]] [[Category:Members of the Minnesota House of Representatives]] [[Category:1830 births]] [[Category:1905 deaths]] [[Category:Minnesota Attorneys General]] [[Category:Union Army colonels]] [[Category:19th-century American politicians]]'