Examine individual changes

'{{Infobox settlement |name = Rochester Hills, Michigan |official_name = City of Rochester Hills |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |settlement_type = [[City]] |image_skyline = File:Autumn at Spencer Park.jpg |imagesize = 275 |image_caption = Autumn Sunrise at Spencer Park. |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_shield = |pushpin_map = Michigan |pushpin_label_position = left<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_label = Rochester Hills |pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of Michigan |pushpin_mapsize = |image_map = Rochester Hills, MI location.png |mapsize = 250 |map_caption = Location within [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]] |subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Michigan|County]] |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_name1 = [[Michigan]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland]] |government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]] |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = Bryan K. Barnett |leader_title2 = [[Municipal clerk|Clerk]] |leader_name2 = Tina Barton |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |established_title = Settled |established_date = 1817 |established_title1 = Organized |established_date1 = 1835 (as Avon Township) |established_title2 = Incorporated |established_date2 = 1869 (village)<br />1984 (city) |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_26.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 25, 2020}}</ref> |area_total_km2 = 85.22 |area_total_sq_mi = 32.90 |area_land_km2 = 84.96 |area_land_sq_mi = 32.80 |area_water_km2 = 0.25 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.10 |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_footnotes = <ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/> |population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]] |population_est = 74516 |pop_est_as_of = 2019 |population_note = |population_total = 70995 |population_density_km2 = 877.06 |population_density_sq_mi = 2271.55 |population_metro = 4296250 ([[Metro Detroit]]) |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]] |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = -4 |coordinates = {{coord|42|39|57|N|83|09|29|W|region:US-MI|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 250 |elevation_ft = 820 |postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code|ZIP code(s)]] |postal_code = 48306–48309 |area_code = [[Area codes 248 and 947|248 and 947]] |website = {{URL|http://www.rochesterhills.org/|Official website}} |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code |blank_info = 26-69035<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |blank1_info = 1675440<ref>{{Cite GNIS|1675440|Rochester Hills}}</ref> |footnotes = |pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/> |unit_pref = Imperial }} '''Rochester Hills''' is a city in [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Michigan]]. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], the city had a total population of 70,995.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Rochester Hills city, Michigan|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> The area was originally settled in as early as 1817 and organized as Avon Township in 1835. The city of [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] incorporated in 1967, and the remaining area of Avon Township was incorporated and renamed as the city of Rochester Hills in 1984. As a northern suburb of [[Metro Detroit]], the city is about {{convert|12|mi|km|1}} north of the city of [[Detroit]]. It is home to [[Oakland University]], and is ranked as one of the wealthiest cities in Michigan and among the 50 most-educated cities in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patch.com/michigan/rochester/rochester-ranks-among-michigans-wealthiest-zip-codes|title=Rochester Ranks Among Michigan's Wealthiest ZIP Codes|last=McKay|first=John|date=2013-12-02|website=Rochester-Rochester Hills, MI Patch|language=en|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.degreequery.com/most-educated-places-us/|title=The 50 Most Educated Places in America|last=Turner|first=Gerri|date=2015-12-07|website=DegreeQuery.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref> ==Communities== *'''Stoney Creek''' is a non-census designated village on the northeast end of the city on the border with [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]]. *'''Yates''' is on the boundary with [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] and [[Shelby Charter Township, Michigan|Shelby Township]], [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]] ({{Coord|42|40|25|N|83|05|45|W}} ; Elevation: 669&nbsp;ft./204 m.).<ref>{{gnis|1617957|Yates, Michigan}} & [http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gazpublic/getgooglemap?p_lat=42.6736436&p_longi=-83.0957643&fid=1617957 GNIS in Google Map]</ref> ==History== Prior to European settlement, the area now known as Rochester Hills was inhabited by Native Americans, namely the [[Potawatomi]].<ref name="CRWC">{{cite web|title=Native Americans of the Clinton River Watershed|url=http://www.crwc.org/watershed/native-american-history/|website=Clinton River Watershed Council|publisher=Clinton River Watershed Council|access-date=23 November 2016}}</ref> The Potawatomi depended on the area's abundant water sources, such as the [[Clinton River]] and [[Paint Creek (Oakland County, Michigan)|Paint Creek]], to grow crops, fish, and travel.<ref name=CRWC/><ref>De Vaudreuil, M. "General Memoir Respecting the Indians between Lake Erie and the Mississippi, with Remarks upon Their Territory, Manners, Habits, Etc." In Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, edited by E. B. O'Callaghan, MD, compiled by John Romeyn Brodhead, Esq, 887-90. Vol. IX. Albany, NY: Weed, Parsons and Company Printers, 1855.</ref> They resided here until the [[Treaty of Detroit|1807 Treaty of Detroit]] caused them, along with the [[Odawa]], [[Wyandot people|Wyandot]], and [[Ojibwe]] peoples, to cede their land in Southeast Michigan.<ref name="BELPOA">{{cite web|last1=Duval|first1=Roger|title=Potawatomi Native Americans Fish and Hunt at Bald Eagle Lake|url=http://belpoa.org/html/History1a.htm|website=History of Bald Eagle Lake|publisher=Bald Eagle Lake Property Owner's Association|access-date=26 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Hull1807">{{cite web|last1=Hull|first1=William|title=Treaty with the Ottawa, Etc., 1807|url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0092.htm|website=Indian Affairs: Laws and treaties.|publisher=Oklahoma State University|access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> The first European settler was James Graham who arrived in 1817. Graham and his family reached the area by following [[Saginaw Trail|trails]] created by the [[Sauk people|Sauk Native Americans]].<ref>"Our Community's History." Rochester Hills, MI Official Website. https://www.rochesterhills.org/index.aspx?NID=267.</ref><ref>"Saginaw Trail Historic Marker." Detroit: The History and Future of the Motor City. July 2009. http://www.detroit1701.org/.</ref> Avon Township was organized in 1835. [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] incorporated as a village within the township in 1869. The township adopted a charter in 1948 under the Home Rule Act. Also in 1948 a post office was established under the name of Brooklands for the area between Auburn Road and Hamlin Road just to the west of Dequindre Road.{{sfn|Romig|1986|page=80}} In 1966, village residents voted to become the City of Rochester, effective in February 1967. As a result, Rochester residents no longer had to pay property taxes to the township, as it was now a separate municipality. In 1967, Avon Township filed a petition to become a city. In January 1968, township voters approved the petition to move forward with seeking city status. Three proposed city charters were voted down by residents, the first in March 1969, the second in May 1970, and the third in September 1971. The city of Rochester then sought to annex all of the township, which was unanimously denied by the Michigan Boundary Commission. In 1972, petitions were filed to consolidate Avon Township and Rochester. In April 1974, the consolidation petition lost by 350 votes in the township, while passing by four votes in Rochester. In May 1974, Rochester's petition to annex {{convert|2.2|sqmi|km2|1}} of Avon Township was approved by the Michigan Boundary Commission. The township became Avon Charter Township in August 1978. Court challenges to the 1974 annexation continued until November 1981, when the township was ordered to surrender the annexed property. In May 1984, township voters approved a city charter. On November 20, 1984, Avon Township became the City of Rochester Hills. The name of the new city was put to a vote, with the other choice being "Avon Hills". The name "Rochester Hills" won by a landslide with voters, based on the area's historical ties to Rochester and the rolling hills that abound in the area. Township Supervisor Earl E. Borden became Rochester Hills' first mayor. ==Geography== According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|32.91|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|32.82|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.09|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (0.27%) is water.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-24.pdf|format=PDF |title=Michigan: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts 2010 Census of Population and Housing | date = September 2012|publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]| work = [[2010 United States Census]]| access-date = May 1, 2020|page=37 Michigan}}</ref> Rochester Hills is bordered to the north by [[Oakland Charter Township, Michigan|Oakland Charter Township]] along Dutton Road, to the south by the city of [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]] along South Boulevard, to the east by [[Shelby Charter Township, Michigan|Shelby Township]] in [[Macomb County]] along Dequindre Road, and to the west by the city of [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]] along part of Adams Road. Rochester Hills is also partially bordered by the city of [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] to the east. Elevations in the city range from {{convert|690|ft}} above sea level in the southeastern portion of the city to {{convert|1010|ft}} in the northwestern section. {{Geographic Location | Center = Rochester Hills | North = [[Oakland Charter Township, Michigan|Oakland Township]] | Northwest = [[Orion Township, Michigan|Orion Township]] | Northeast = [[Washington Township, Macomb County, Michigan|Washington Township]] | East = [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]]<br /> [[Shelby Charter Township, Michigan|Shelby Township]] | Southeast = [[Sterling Heights, Michigan|Sterling Heights]] | South = [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]] | Southwest = [[Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan|Bloomfield Township]] | West = [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]] }} ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1990= 61766 |2000= 68825 |2010= 70995 |estyear=2019 |estimate=74516 |estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref> |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref> }} ===2010 census=== As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-11-25}}</ref> of 2010, there were 70,995 people, 27,578 households, and 19,308 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|2163.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 29,494 housing units at an average density of {{convert|898.7|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 89.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.5% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.2% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 4.5% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.7% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.1% of the population. There were 27,578 households, of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.0% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.08. The median age in the city was 40.9 years. 23.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.6% were from 25 to 44; 30.3% were from 45 to 64; and 13.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. Between 2000 and 2010, the Asian population in Rochester Hills increased to almost 10% of the community's population, a 61% increase from the 2000 figure.<ref>Steele, Micki. "[http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20110419/METRO/104190316 Asian-Americans settle in Metro Detroit enclaves]." ''[[The Detroit News]]''. April 19, 2011. Retrieved on September 9, 2013.</ref> ==Government== [[File:Rochester Michigan Public Library.JPG|thumb|Rochester Hills Public Library, Rochester, Michigan.]] Rochester Hills has a [[Mayor-council government]]. The Rochester Hills City Council consists of seven Council Members: four district members and three at-large members. They are elected to four-year terms and, due to term limiting, can serve no more than two terms for a maximum of eight years. However, there are no limits on how many times the mayor can run for re-election as a write-in candidate. [[Police]] services are provided by the Oakland County Sheriff's Office. The 52nd District Court Division 3 is also located in Rochester Hills. In the [[2016 United States Presidential Election]] 19,902 (50.02%) votes went to Donald Trump and 17,679 (44.44%) votes were cast for Hillary Clinton.<ref>http://www.rochesterhills.org/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/813</ref> ==Education== The [[Rochester Community Schools (Michigan)|Rochester Community Schools]] serves most of the city. [[Rochester Adams High School]], [[Rochester High School (Michigan)|Rochester High School]], and [[Stoney Creek High School]] are in Rochester Hills. The city also offers college and graduate level programs for multifarious disciplines at Rochester University and [[Oakland University]]. Some portions of the city are in the [[Avondale School District]]. Much of the ASD portion of Rochester Hills is zoned to Deerfield Elementary School, within the city. Other portions are zoned to Auburn Elementary School in [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]] and Woodland Elementary School in [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]]. All ASD residents are zoned to Avondale Middle School in Rochester Hills and [[Avondale High School (Michigan)|Avondale High School]] in Auburn Hills. The Meadows School, Avondale Academy, and the ASD transportation department are all in Rochester Hills.<ref>"[http://avondale.mi.schoolwebpages.com/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=QVNEX01hcC5wZGY6Ojovd3d3Ni9zY2hvb2xzL21pL2F2b25kYWxlL2ltYWdlcy9hdHRhY2gvMTUzNTEvMjg2M18xNTM1MV9hdHRhY2hfNTE1LnBkZg== District Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZQWIC6IK?url=http://avondale.mi.schoolwebpages.com/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=QVNEX01hcC5wZGY6Ojovd3d3Ni9zY2hvb2xzL21pL2F2b25kYWxlL2ltYWdlcy9hdHRhY2gvMTUzNTEvMjg2M18xNTM1MV9hdHRhY2hfNTE1LnBkZg== |date=2015-06-20 }}" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6ZQWIC6IK?url=http://avondale.mi.schoolwebpages.com/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=QVNEX01hcC5wZGY6Ojovd3d3Ni9zY2hvb2xzL21pL2F2b25kYWxlL2ltYWdlcy9hdHRhY2gvMTUzNTEvMjg2M18xNTM1MV9hdHRhY2hfNTE1LnBkZg== Archive]). [[Avondale School District]]. Retrieved on June 20, 2015.</ref> The city provides the Rochester Hills Public Library which is located in [[Rochester, Michigan|Rochester]] (The City of Rochester and Oakland Township contract with the City of Rochester Hills for residents' use of the library). The [[Japanese School of Detroit]], a [[Hoshuko|supplementary school for Japanese citizens of school age]], at one time had its administrative offices in the former Oakland Steiner School in Rochester Hills.<ref name=OldHist>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20010502235540/http://www.jsd.org/history.html JSD History]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6XpggPNMl?url=http://web.archive.org/web/20010502235540/http://www.jsd.org/history.html Archive]). Japanese School of Detroit. May 2, 2001. Retrieved on April 16, 2015. "（１９９９）　　事務局移転（インターナショナル・アカデミー校→旧オークランド・シュタイナー校） "</ref> ==Notable people== {{More citations needed section|date=November 2012}} {{Further|People from Detroit}} This list includes people from the Rochester area (Rochester, Rochester Hills, and Oakland Township) (48306, 48307, 48309, 48363): * [[Mike Bishop (politician)|Mike Bishop]], politician formerly representing the MI-08 district in the US Congress * [[Tommy Clufetos]], drummer for Ozzy Osbourne, Alice Cooper, and Ted Nugent; graduated from Rochester Adams High School * [[Paul Davis (basketball)|Paul Davis]], professional basketball player; graduated from Rochester High School * [[Eminem]], rapper, actor and producer; owned a house in [[Oakland Charter Township, Michigan|Oakland Township]] * [[Eric Fisher (American football)|Eric Fisher]], NFL football player for the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] * [[Hal Foster]], artist and writer; lived in Rochester for a period during his work of the comic strip ''[[Prince Valiant]]'' * [[Amy Frazier]], professional tennis player; graduated from Rochester Adams High School * [[Jay Gibbons]], professional baseball player<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=gibboja01/| title= Jay Gibbons Stats|publisher= Baseball Almanac |access-date= November 21, 2012}}</ref> * [[Andrew Good]], Major League baseball player, grew up in Rochester Hills and graduated from Rochester High School * [[Idris Goodwin]], playwright, poet, activist, professor at [[Colorado College]] * [[Shawn Hare]], professional baseball player; attended Rochester Community Schools * [[Greg and Tim Hildebrandt]], fantasy artists and painters of the original ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' movie poster * [[Rude Jude]], television and radio personality; graduated from [[Rochester High School (Michigan)|Rochester High School]] * [[George Jamison]], former NFL player for the Detroit Lions * [[Bob Keselowski]], NASCAR driver * [[Brad Keselowski]], 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Champion, current NASCAR Cup Series driver. Graduated from Rochester High School * [[Brian Keselowski]], NASCAR driver * [[Walt Kowalczyk]], professional American football player * [[Jana Kramer]], country music singer and actress * [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]], singer and actress; grew up in Rochester Hills but was born in [[Bay City, Michigan]]; graduated from [[Rochester Adams High School]]<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.askmen.com/women/singer/5_madonna.html |title = Singer of the Week: Madonna |work = AskMen.com |publisher = IGN Entertainment, Inc. |access-date = 2006-06-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060613094455/http://www.askmen.com/women/singer/5_madonna.html |archive-date = 13 June 2006 |url-status = dead }}</ref> * [[Alec Martinez]], professional hockey player for the [[Vegas Golden Knights]] * [[Craig Owens (musician)|Craig Owens]], lead singer of [[Chiodos]] and Cinematic Sunrise * [[Roxy Petrucci]], drummer of all-female rock/metal band [[Vixen (band)|Vixen]] in the 1980s * [[Brian Sell]], retired marathoner; resides in Rochester Hills * [[Joey Sturgis]], record producer; resides in [[Oakland Charter Township, Michigan|Oakland Township]] * [[Ron Teachworth]], educator, artist, writer and filmmaker * [[Dita Von Teese]], burlesque artist, model and actress * [[Jacob Trouba]], NHL hockey player for the [[New York Rangers]] * [[Peter Vanderkaay]], Olympic gold medalist in swimming; graduated from Rochester Adams High School in 2002 * [[Jason Varitek]], professional baseball player; born in Rochester * [[Robert Simpson Woodward]], physicist and mathematician; born in Rochester * [[George D. Zamka]] (born 1962), [[NASA]] [[astronaut]] and [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] [[naval aviator|pilot]] who piloted the [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Space Shuttle ''Discovery'']] in its 2007 mission to the [[International Space Station]] and was commander of mission [[STS-130]] in 2010. ==References== ===Notes=== {{Reflist|30em}} ===Sources=== *{{cite book|first1=Walter|last1=Romig|title=Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities|work=Great Lakes Books Series|type=Paperback|orig-year=1973|date=October 1, 1986|publisher=[[Wayne State University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8143-1838-6|location=Detroit, Michigan}} ==External links== {{Portal|Michigan}} *[http://www.rochesterhills.org/ City of Rochester Hills] *[http://www.rhpl.org/ Rochester Public Library] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080529150631/http://www.theoaklandcounty.com/ The Oakland County] {{Rochester Hills, Michigan}} {{Oakland County, Michigan}} {{Metro Detroit}} {{Michigan}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rochester Hills, Michigan| ]] [[Category:Cities in Oakland County, Michigan]] [[Category:Metro Detroit]] [[Category:1984 establishments in Michigan]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1984]]'