Examine individual changes

'{{short description|Private research university in Waltham, MA, US (founded 1948)}} {{for|the University of Louisville law school|Louis D. Brandeis School of Law}} {{Infobox university | image = Brandeis University seal.svg | image_upright = .7 | caption = | name = Brandeis University | motto = {{lang-he|אמת|translit=Emet}} | mottoeng = Truth even unto its innermost parts<ref>{{cite web |title=Academic Integrity |url=http://www.brandeis.edu/gps/students/studentresources/policiesprocedures/academicintegrity.html |work=Brandeis.edu |publisher=Brandeis University |access-date=March 9, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819070303/http://www.brandeis.edu/gps/students/studentresources/policiesprocedures/academicintegrity.html |archive-date=August 19, 2011 }}</ref> | established = {{start date and age|1948|10|20}}<ref>{{cite news |title= University Clocks Rapid Growth |first= Eileen |last= Summers |work= The Washington Post |date= May 27, 1954 |page= 55 |id= {{ProQuest|148628712}} }}</ref> | type = [[Private university|Private]] [[research university]] | president = [[Ronald D. Liebowitz]] | provost = Carol Fierke | city = [[Waltham, Massachusetts|Waltham]] | state = [[Massachusetts]] | country = United States | endowment = $1.07 billion (2020)<ref>As of June 30, 2020. {{cite report |url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Documents/Research/2020-NTSE-Public-Tables--Endowment-Market-Values--FINAL-FEBRUARY-19-2021.ashx |title=U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2020 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY19 to FY20 |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and [[TIAA]] |date=February 19, 2021 |access-date=February 19, 2021}}</ref> | students = 5,800 (2018) | undergrad = 3,629 (2018)<ref name=Facts>{{cite web |url=https://www.brandeis.edu/about/facts/index.html |title=Overview |publisher=Brandeis University |access-date=October 11, 2019}}</ref> | postgrad = 2,161 (2018)<ref name=Facts/> | faculty = 542 (2018)<ref name=Facts/> | staff = 1,146 (2018)<ref name=Facts/> | campus = [[Suburban]], {{convert|235|acre|ha}}<ref name=Facts/> | mascot = Ollie the Owl (named for Justice [[Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.]]) | nickname = [[Brandeis Judges|Judges]] | colors = {{color box|#151B54}} [[Brandeis blue|Blue]] {{color box|#FFFFFF}} [[White]] | athletics = [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division III (NCAA)|Division III]] <br>[[University Athletic Association|UAA]], [[Eastern College Athletic Conference|ECAC]] | affiliations = [[Association of American Universities|AAU]] <br> [[National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities|NAICU]]<ref>[http://www.naicu.edu/member_center/members.asp NAICU – Member Directory] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109231238/http://www.naicu.edu/member_center/members.asp |date=November 9, 2015 }}</ref><br>[[Association of Independent Colleges and Universities in Massachusetts|AICUM]]<br>[[University Press of New England|UPNE]] | website = {{URL|http://www.brandeis.edu/}} | logo = Brandeis University Logo.png | logo_upright = .8 }} '''Brandeis University''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|r|æ|n|d|aɪ|s}} is a [[Private university|private]] [[research university]] in [[Waltham, Massachusetts]]. Founded in 1948 as a [[nonsectarian|non-sectarian]], [[coeducational]] institution sponsored by the [[Jews|Jewish]] community, Brandeis was established on the site of the former [[Middlesex University (Massachusetts)|Middlesex University]]. The university is named after [[Louis Brandeis]], the first Jewish [[Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court]]. In 2018, it had a total enrollment of 5,800 students on its suburban campus spanning {{convert|235|acre|ha|abbr=off}}.<ref name=Facts/> The institution offers more than 43 majors and 46 minors, and two-thirds of undergraduate classes have 20 students or fewer.<ref name="Brandeis University">{{cite web |title=Brandeis University |url=https://www.forbes.com/colleges/brandeis-university/ |website=Forbes |access-date=February 20, 2016}}</ref> It is a member of [[Association of American Universities]] and the Boston Consortium, which allows students to [[Cross-registration|cross-register]] to attend courses at other institutions including [[Boston College]], [[Boston University]] and [[Tufts University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Boston Area Consortia (Cross Registration) {{!}} Office of the University Registrar |url=http://www.bu.edu/reg/registration/consortia/ |website=www.bu.edu |access-date=February 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Boston Consortium |url=http://www.boston-consortium.org/about/what_is_tbc.asp |website=www.boston-consortium.org |access-date=February 20, 2016 |archive-date=April 14, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414131033/http://www.boston-consortium.org/about/what_is_tbc.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> The university has a strong [[liberal arts]] focus and attracts a geographically and economically diverse student body, with 72% of its non-international undergraduates being from out of state, 50% of full-time undergraduates receiving need-based financial aid and 13.5% being recipients of the federal [[Pell Grant]]. 44% of students identify as Jewish.<ref name="Forward Guide">{{cite web |title=Brandeis University |url=https://forward.com/jewish-college-guide/brandeis-university/ |website=The 2018 Forward College Guide |publisher=[[The Forward]] |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> It has the eighth-largest [[international student]] population of any university in the United States.<ref name="Brandeis University"/><ref>{{Cite web|title = Pell Grant Recipients in Selective Colleges and Universities|url = http://theunbrokenwindow.com/Higher%20Ed/Higher%20Ed%20Course/pellgrantheller.pdf|access-date = 2018-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Most International Students National Universities|url = https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities/most-international|website = U.S. News & World Report|access-date = 2018-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Brandeis University: Fast Facts|url = http://www.brandeis.edu/about/facts/schools.html|website = Brandeis.edu|access-date = 2018-08-13}}</ref> [[List of Brandeis University people|Alumni and affiliates]] of the university include former [[First Lady|first lady]] of the United States [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], [[Nobel Prize]] laureate [[Roderick MacKinnon]] and [[Fields Medalist]] [[Edward Witten]], as well as foreign heads of state, congressmen, governors, diplomats, and recipients of the [[Nobel Prize]], [[Pulitzer Prize]], [[Academy Award]], [[Emmy Award]], and [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellowship]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Notable Alumni {{!}} About {{!}} Brandeis University|url = http://www.brandeis.edu/about/alumni.html|website = www.brandeis.edu|access-date = 2016-02-20}}</ref> ==History== ===Founding=== [[File:MiddlsexUniversityMASeal.png|thumb|150px|Seal of the former [[Middlesex University (Massachusetts)|Middlesex University]]]] [[File:Brandeis-Usen Castle.JPG|thumb|[[Usen Castle]], a building on campus|left]] [[Middlesex University (Massachusetts)|Middlesex University]] was a medical school located in Waltham, Massachusetts, that was at the time the only medical school in the United States that did not impose a [[Jewish quota|quota on Jews]]. The founder, Dr. John Hall Smith, died in 1944. Smith's will stipulated that the school should go to any group willing to use it to establish a non-sectarian university.<ref name= spirit>{{cite news |title= 'A School Of The Spirit' Graduates Its First |last= Gardner |first= R. H. |work= The Baltimore Sun |date= May 29, 1952 |page= 14 |id= {{ProQuest|541745484}} }}</ref> Within two years, Middlesex University was on the brink of financial collapse. The school had not been able to secure accreditation by the [[American Medical Association]], which Smith partially attributed to institutional antisemitism in the American Medical Association,<ref name=reisfounding>{{cite web |last = Reis |first= Arthur H., Jr. | title=The Founding |work= Brandeis Review, 50th Anniversary Edition | url= http://www.brandeis.edu/publications/review/50threview/founding.pdf | access-date= May 17, 2006 |pages= 42–43 |quote= Founder's son, C. Ruggles Smith, quoted: "From its inception, Middlesex was ruthlessly attacked by the American Medical Association, which at that time was dedicated to restricting the production of physicians, and to maintaining an inflexible policy of discrimination in the admission of medical students. Middlesex, alone among medical schools, selected its students on the basis of merit, and refused to establish any racial quotas. }}</ref> and, as a result, Massachusetts had all but shut it down. Dr. Smith's son, C. Ruggles Smith, was desperate for a way to save something of Middlesex University. He learned of a New York committee headed by Dr. [[Israel Goldstein]] that was seeking a campus to establish a Jewish-sponsored secular university. Smith approached Goldstein with a proposal to give the Middlesex campus and charter to Goldstein's committee, in the hope that his committee might "possess the apparent ability to reestablish the School of Medicine on an approved basis." While Goldstein was concerned about being saddled with a failing medical school, he was excited about the opportunity to secure a {{convert|100|acre|ha|abbr=off|adj=on}} "campus not far from New York, the premier Jewish community in the world, and only {{convert|9|mi|km}} from Boston, one of the important Jewish population centers."<ref name="reisfounding"/> Goldstein agreed to accept Smith's offer, proceeding to recruit George Alpert, a Boston lawyer with fundraising experience as national vice president of the [[United Jewish Appeal]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2017}} [[File:Brandeis University sign.jpg|thumb|right|Brandeis University sign]] Alpert had worked his way through [[Boston University School of Law]] and co-founded the firm of Alpert and Alpert. Alpert's firm had a long association with the [[New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad]], of which he was to become president from 1956 to 1961.<ref name=alpert-obit>{{cite news |title= George Alpert, 90; was a Founder and First Chairman of Brandeis |work= The Boston Globe |date= September 13, 1988 |page= 82 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Lyall |first= Sarah |title= George Alpert, 90, Ex-President Of New Haven Line and a Lawyer |work= The New York Times |date= September 13, 1988 |page= D26 }}</ref> He is best known today as the father of Richard Alpert ([[Ram Dass|Baba Ram Dass]]).<ref>{{cite web| url=http://ramdasstapes.org/biography.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030623083239/http://www.ramdasstapes.org/biography.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=23 June 2003| title=Ram Dass| publisher=Ram Dass Tapes| access-date=26 April 2009}}</ref> He was influential in Boston's Jewish community. His Judaism "tended to be social rather than spiritual."<ref>{{cite book|title=Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream| first=Jay| last=Stevens| publisher=Grove Press| year=1988| isbn=0-8021-3587-0}}p. 152</ref> He was involved in assisting children displaced from Germany.<ref>{{cite book| title=Following Our Bliss: How the Spiritual Ideals of the Sixties Shape Our Lives Today| first=Don| last=Lattin| publisher=HarperCollins| year=2004| isbn=0-06-073063-3| url=https://archive.org/details/followingourblis00donl}} p. 161</ref> Alpert was to be chairman of Brandeis from 1946 to 1954, and a trustee from 1946 until his death.<ref name="alpert-obit"/> By February 5, 1946, Goldstein had recruited [[Albert Einstein]], whose involvement drew national attention to the nascent university.<ref name="reis">{{cite web |last= Reis Jr. |first= Arthur H. |title=The Albert Einstein Involvement |work= Brandeis Publications 50th review |url= http://www.brandeis.edu/publications/review/50threview/einstein.pdf |access-date= May 4, 2006 |pages= 60–61 |quote= Source for Einstein agreeing to establishment of the foundation Feb. 5th, 1946, foundation incorporated Feb. 25; for Alpert quotation, "a man utterly alien to American principles of democracy, tarred with the Communist brush;" for Einstein's refusal to accept an honorary degree in 1953. }}</ref> Einstein believed the university would attract the best young people in all fields, satisfying a real need.<ref name="setup">{{cite news |title= Liberal University to Be Set Up by Jewish Body |work= The Baltimore Afro-American |date= August 31, 1946 |page= 10 |id= {{ProQuest|531588568}} }}</ref> In March 1946, Goldstein said the foundation had raised ten million dollars that it would use to open the school by the following year.<ref name= sought>{{cite news |title= College Sought by Jewish Group |work= The New York Times |date= March 19, 1946 |page= 19 |id= {{ProQuest|107465002}} }}</ref> The foundation purchased Middlesex University's land and buildings for two million dollars.<ref name= setup/> The charter of this operation was transferred to the Foundation along with the campus. The founding organization was announced in August and named The Albert Einstein Foundation for Higher Learning, Inc.<ref name= unit>{{cite news |title= New Jewish Unit Plans University |work= The New York Times |date= August 20, 1946 |page= 10 |id= {{ProQuest|107605957}} }}</ref> The new school would be a Jewish-sponsored secular university open to students and faculty of all races and religions.<ref name= unit/> [[File:Rabb Graduate Center, Brandeis University.jpg|thumb|right|Rabb Graduate Center (1965, [[Benjamin Thompson]])]] The trustees offered to name the university after Einstein in the summer of 1946, but Einstein declined, and on July 16, 1946, the board decided the university would be named after [[Louis Brandeis]].<ref>{{cite web |last= Reis, Jr. |first= Arthur H. |title= Naming the University | work= Brandeis Review, 50th Anniversary Edition | url= http://www.brandeis.edu/publications/review/50threview/einstein.pdf | access-date= May 3, 2006 |pages= 66–67 }}</ref> Einstein objected to what he thought was excessively expansive promotion, and to Goldstein's sounding out [[Abram L. Sachar]] as a possible president without consulting Einstein. Einstein took great offense at Goldstein's having invited Cardinal [[Francis Spellman]] to participate in a fundraising event. Einstein also became alarmed by press announcements that exaggerated the school's success at fundraising. Einstein threatened to sever ties with the foundation on September 2, 1946. Believing the venture could not succeed without Einstein, Goldstein quickly agreed to resign himself, and Einstein recanted.<ref name="einstein-quits" /> Einstein's near-departure was publicly denied.<ref name="quits">{{cite news |title= Goldstein Quits Einstein Agency |work= The New York Times |date= September 26, 1946 |page= 27 |id= {{ProQuest|107727508}} }}</ref><ref name="sachar">{{cite book | title = Brandeis University: A Host at Last | first = Abram L. | last = Sachar | year = 1995 | isbn = 0-87451-585-8 | url=https://archive.org/details/brandeisuniversi0000sach | url-access = registration | publisher = Brandeis University Press, distributed by University Press of New England |pages= [https://archive.org/details/brandeisuniversi0000sach/page/18 18]–22 }}</ref> Goldstein said that, despite his resignation, he would continue to solicit donations for the foundation.<ref name="quits" /> On November 1, 1946, the foundation announced that the new university would be named Brandeis University, after Louis D. Brandeis, justice of the [[United States Supreme Court]].<ref name="disclose">{{cite news |title= Disclose Plans for New College |work= The New York Times |date= November 7, 1946 |page= 28 |id= {{ProQuest|107542398}} }}</ref> By the end of 1946, the foundation said it had raised over five hundred thousand dollars,<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis Fund Growing |work= The New York Times |date= Dec 19, 1946 |page= 37 |id= {{ProQuest|107429813}} }}</ref> and two months later it said it had doubled that amount.<ref name="to-open">{{cite news |title= Brandeis University to Open in Fall of '48 |work= The New York Times |date= February 11, 1947 |page= 25 |id= {{ProQuest|107822860}} }}</ref> Brandeis felt it was in no position to make the investment in the medical school that would enable it to receive accreditation, and closed it in 1947. Einstein wanted Middlesex University's veterinary school's standards to be improved before expanding to the school,<ref name="einstein-quits" /> while others in the foundation wanted to simply close the veterinary school,<ref name="sachar" /> which, by the winter of 1947, had an enrollment of just about 100 students.<ref name="to-open" /> A professional study of the veterinary school recommended dismissing certain instructors and requiring end-of-year examinations for the students, but the foundation declined to enact any of the recommendations, to the dismay of Einstein and a couple of the foundation's trustees.<ref name="gives-up">{{cite news |title= Einstein Gives Up Support of New College |agency= Associated Press |newspaper= The Baltimore Sun |date= June 22, 1947 |page= A2 |id= {{ProQuest|542673850}} }}</ref> In early June 1947, Einstein made a final break with the foundation.<ref name="einstein-quits">{{cite news |title= Dr. Einstein Quits University Plan: Withdraws Support of Brandeis and Bars Use of His Name by Einstein Foundation |work= The New York Times |date= June 22, 1947 |page= 16 |id= {{ProQuest|107904030}} }}</ref><ref name="severs">{{cite news |title= Einstein Severs Relations With University Fund |work= The Washington Post |date= June 22, 1947 |page= M1 |id= {{ProQuest|151982804}} }}</ref> The veterinary school was closed, despite students' protests and demonstrations.<ref name="sachar" /> According to George Alpert, a lawyer responsible for much of the organizational effort, Einstein had wanted to offer the presidency of the school to left-wing scholar [[Harold Laski]],<ref name="as-planned">{{cite news |title= Brandeis University to Open As Planned |date= June 25, 1947 |work= The New York Times |page= 6 |id= {{ProQuest|107894324}} }}</ref> someone that Alpert had characterized as "a man utterly alien to American principles of democracy, tarred with the Communist brush."<ref name="reis" /> He said, "I can compromise on any subject but one: that one is Americanism."<ref name="sachar" /> Two of the foundation's trustees, S. Ralph Lazrus and Dr. Otto Nathan, quit the foundation at the same time as Einstein.<ref name="einstein-quits" /> In response, Alpert said that Lazrus and Nathan had tried to give Brandeis University a "radical, political orientation."<ref name="charged">{{cite news |title= Left Bias Charged in University Row |date= June 23, 1947 |work= The New York Times |page= 24 |id= {{ProQuest|107902395}} }}</ref> Alpert also criticized Lazrus' lack of fundraising success and Nathan's failure to organize an educational advisory committee.<ref name="charged" /> Einstein said he, Lazrus, and Nathan "have always been and have always acted in complete harmony."<ref>{{cite news |title= Einstein Backs Two Who Quit University |date= June 30, 1947 |work= The New York Times |page= 9 |id= {{ProQuest|107893714}} }}</ref> ===Opening=== [[File:Brandeis University Admissions Night.jpg|right|thumb| Brandeis's admissions building at night]] On April 26, 1948, Brandeis University announced that [[Abram L. Sachar]], chairman of the National Hillel Commission, had been chosen as Brandeis' first president.<ref name= heads>{{cite news |title= Sachar Heads University|date= April 27, 1948 |work= The New York Times |page= 3 |id= {{ProQuest|108194770}} }}</ref> Sachar promised that Brandeis University would follow Louis Brandeis' principles of academic integrity and service.<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis University Pledged to His Ideals |date= June 15, 1948 |work= The New York Times |page= 34 |id= {{ProQuest|108183254}} }}</ref> He also promised that students and faculty would never be chosen based on quotas of "genetic or ethnic or economic distribution" because choices based on quotas "are based on the assumption that there are standard population strains, on the belief that the ideal American must look and act like an eighteenth-century Puritan, that the melting pot of America must mold all who all who live here into such a pattern."<ref name= installed>{{cite news |title= Sachar Installed As Brandeis Head |first= John H. |last= Fenton |date= October 8, 1948|work= The New York Times |page= 22 |id= {{ProQuest|108273404}} }}</ref> Students who applied to the school were not asked their race, religion, or ancestry.<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis University |first= Drew |last= Pearson|work= The Washington Post |date= October 17, 1948 |page= M15 |id= {{ProQuest|152041623}} }}</ref> Brandeis decided its undergraduate instruction would not be organized with traditional departments or divisions, and instead it would have four schools, namely the School of General Studies, the School of Social Studies, the School of Humanities, and the School of Science.<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis Inaugural: University in Waltham, Mass., Establishes Four Schools |date= October 3, 1948 |work= The New York Times |page= E7 |id= {{ProQuest|108268080}} }}</ref> On October 14, 1948,<ref name="installed" /> Brandeis University received its first freshman class of 107 students.<ref name="expanding">{{cite news |title= Brandeis Expanding |first= Benjamin |last= Fine |date= May 13, 1951 |work= The New York Times |page= B9 |id= {{ProQuest|112215962}} }}</ref> They were taught by thirteen instructors<ref name="first-graduation" /> in eight buildings on a {{convert|100|acre|ha|abbr=off|adj=on}} campus.<ref name="brandeis-builds">{{cite news |title= Brandeis Builds: Facilities Will Be Provided for Graduate Science Studies |date= January 31, 1954 |work= The New York Times |page= E9 |id= {{ProQuest|113152034}} }}</ref> Students came from 28 states and six foreign countries.<ref>{{cite news |title= Interracial Award Established At Brandeis University |work= Atlanta Daily World |date= August 8, 1950 |page= 2 |id= {{ProQuest|490919935}} }}</ref> The library was formerly a barn, students slept in the former medical school building and two army barracks, and the cafeteria was where the medical school had stored cadavers.<ref name="spirit" /> Historians Elinor and Robert Slater later called the opening of Brandeis one of the great moments in Jewish history.<ref name="slater">{{cite book | title = Great Moments in Jewish History | first1 = Elinor | last1 = Slater | first2 = Robert | last2 = Slater | publisher = Jonathan David Company, Inc. | year = 1999 | isbn = 0-8246-0408-3 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/greatmomentsinje00slat/page/121 121–123] | url = https://archive.org/details/greatmomentsinje00slat/page/121 }}</ref> ===Early years=== [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] joined the board of trustees in 1949.<ref>{{cite news |title= Mrs. Roosevelt Joins Board of Brandeis U. |date= June 18, 1949 |work= The New York Times |page= 15 |id= {{ProQuest|105958940}} }}</ref> [[Joseph M. Proskauer]] joined the board in 1950.<ref>{{cite news |title= Proskauer on Brandeis Board |date= February 17, 1950 |work= The New York Times |page= 20 |id= {{ProQuest|111518559}} }}</ref> Construction of on-campus dormitories began in March 1950 with the goal of ninety percent of students living on campus.<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis U. to Expand: President Announces Plans to Build Student Dormitories |date= February 20, 1950 |work= The New York Times |page= 26 |id= {{ProQuest|111518559}} }}</ref> Construction on an athletic field began in May 1950.<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis Starts Athletic Field |work= The New York Times |date= May 29, 1950 |page= 13 |id= {{ProQuest|111645250}} }}</ref> Brandeis' football team played its first game on September 30, 1950, a road win against [[Maine Maritime Academy]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis Freshmen on Top |work= The New York Times |date= October 1, 1950 |page= 162 |id= {{ProQuest|111395437}} }}</ref> Its first varsity game was on September 29, 1951, with a home loss against the [[University of New Hampshire]].<ref name="Brandeis Loses Opener, 33-20">{{cite news |title= Brandeis Loses Opener, 33-20 |work= The New York Times |date= September 30, 1951 |page= 128 |id= {{ProQuest|112140418}} }}</ref> Brandeis Stadium opened in time for a home win against [[American International College]] on October 13, 1951.<ref name="Brandeis Wins, 25-7">{{cite news |title= Brandeis Wins, 25-7 |work= The Washington Post |date= October 14, 1951 |page= C5 |id= {{ProQuest|152355750}} }}</ref> The team won four of nine games during its first season. Construction of a 2,000-seat amphitheater began in February 1952.<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis U. Starts Its Amphitheatre |date= February 24, 1952 |work= The New York Times |page= 74 |id= {{ProQuest|112534800}} }}</ref> The state legislature of Massachusetts authorized Brandeis to award master's degrees, doctorate degrees, and honorary degrees in 1951.<ref name="expanding" /> Brandeis' first graduating class of 101 students received degrees on June 16, 1952.<ref name="first-graduation">{{cite news |title= Brandeis to Hold First Graduation: 'Pilot' Class of 101 to Receive Degrees—Mrs. Roosevelt Will Deliver Address |date= June 15, 1952 |work= The New York Times |page= 64 |id= {{ProQuest|112280587}} }}</ref><ref name="festival">{{cite news |title= Brandeis U. Begins Festival of Arts |first= Howard |last= Taubman |work= The New York Times |date= June 13, 1952 |page= 20 |id= {{ProQuest|112247624}} }}</ref> [[Leonard Bernstein]], director of Brandeis' Center of Creative Arts, planned [[Leonard Bernstein Festival of the Creative Arts|a four-day ceremony to commemorate the occasion]].<ref name="festival" /> Held in the newly opened amphitheater, the ceremony included the world premier of Bernstein's opera ''[[Trouble in Tahiti]]''.<ref name="festival" /><ref>{{cite news |title= Bernstein Opera Has Its Premiere |first= Howard |last= Taubman |date= June 14, 1952 |work= The New York Times |page= 12 |id= {{ProQuest|112268443}} }}</ref> Eleanor Roosevelt and Massachusetts Governor [[Paul A. Dever]] spoke at the commencement ceremony.<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis Graduates 101 in Its First Class |date= June 17, 1952 |work= The New York Times |page= 25 |id= {{ProQuest|112287529}} }}</ref> In 1953, Einstein declined the offer of an honorary degree from Brandeis, writing to Brandeis president [[Abram L. Sachar]] that "what happened in the stage of preparation of Brandeis University was not at all caused by a misunderstanding and cannot be made good any more."<ref>{{cite book |title= Brandeis University: A Host At Last |first= Abram L. |last= Sachar |publisher= Brandeis University Press |year= 1995 |page= [https://archive.org/details/brandeisuniversi0000sach/page/38 38] |url= https://archive.org/details/brandeisuniversi0000sach |url-access= registration |isbn= 9780874515855 }}</ref> Instead, at the graduation ceremony for Brandeis' second graduating class of 108 students, individuals given Brandeis' first honorary degrees included Illinois Senator [[Paul H. Douglas]], Rabbi [[Louis Ginzberg]], and Alpert.<ref>{{cite news |title= Douglas Gets Degree: Senator Honored at Brandeis—Urges Values in Red Fight |date= June 15, 1953 |work= The New York Times |page= 27 |id= {{ProQuest|112720176}} }}</ref> 1953 also saw the creation of the Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, one of the first academic programs in Jewish Studies at an American university. Among the founders were distinguished emigre scholars Alexander Altmann, Nathan Glatzer and [[Simon Rawidowicz]]. Brandeis inaugurated its graduate program, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, in 1954.<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis Dedicates Its Graduate School |date= January 15, 1954 |work= The New York Times |page= 21 |id= {{ProQuest|113153688}} }}</ref> In the same year, Brandeis became fully accredited, joining the [[New England Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools]].<ref name="brandeis-builds" /> As of 1954, Brandeis had 22 buildings and a {{convert|192|acre|ha|abbr=off|adj=on}} campus.<ref name="brandeis-builds" /> [[File:ChapelPond.jpg|right|thumb|Chapels Pond]] In 1954, Brandeis began construction on an interfaith center consisting of separate Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish chapels.<ref name="interfaith">{{cite news |title= Brandeis to Build Interfaith Center |date= May 13, 1954 |work= The New York Times |page= 26 |id= {{ProQuest|112935577}} }}</ref> Designed by the architectural firm of [[Harrison & Abramovitz]], the three chapels surrounded a natural pond.<ref name="interfaith" /> Brandeis announced that no official chaplains would be named, and attendance at chapel services would not be required.<ref name="interfaith" /> The Roman Catholic chapel was named Bethlehem, meaning house of bread, and it was dedicated on September 9, 1955.<ref name="catholic">{{cite news |title= Catholic Chapel at Brandeis Open: Cushing, at Dedication on Campus, Lauds University for Aid to Religion |first= John H. |last= Fenton |date= September 10, 1955 |work= The New York Times |page= 19 |id= {{ProQuest|113254552}} }}</ref> Dedicated on September 11, 1955, the Jewish chapel was named in memory of Mendel and Leah Berlin, parents of Boston surgeon Dr. David D. Berlin.<ref name="three-chapels">{{cite news |title= 3 Brandeis Chapels will be Dedicated |date= October 23, 1955 |work= The New York Times |page= 111 |id= {{ProQuest|113339821}} }}</ref> Named in memory of Supreme Court Justice [[John Marshall Harlan]], the Protestant chapel was dedicated on October 30, 1955.<ref name="three-chapels" /> [[File:Brandeis University Libraries.jpg|thumb|right|Farber Library at left (1984, Abramovitz, Harris, & Kingsland); Goldfarb Library at right (1959, Harrison & Abramovitz)]] In 1956 Brandeis received a one-million-dollar donation from New York industrialist Jack A. Goldfarb to build a library.<ref>{{cite news |title=Izler Solomon Named Symphony Head in 1956 |url=https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=JPOST19560831-01.1.31 |access-date=3 November 2018 |publisher=The National Jewish Post |date=31 August 1956 |location=Indianapolis |page=32 |quote=It was learned this month that former Indianapolis resident Jack Goldfarb of New York City gave a million-dollar gift to build a library at Brandeis university in Waltham, Mass. The library will be named in his honor.}}</ref><ref name="gets-gift">{{cite news |title= Brandeis University Gets Gift of $1,000,000 for Library |work= The New York Times |date= April 12, 1956 |page= 49 |id= {{ProQuest|113609504}} }}</ref> The building, named the Bertha and Jacob Goldfarb Library in his honor, was designed by [[Harrison & Abramovitz]], a firm which designed many campus buildings in the 1950s.<ref name="gets-gift" /> Built of brick and glass, the library was designed to hold 750,000 volumes.<ref name="gets-gift" /> [[File:Louis Brandeis statue by Robert Berks.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Robert Berks]]' statue of Louis Brandeis stands atop the outcropping in Fellows Garden, in the center of campus (1956).]] A nine-foot bronze statue of Justice [[Louis D. Brandeis]] is a campus landmark. The sculpture, created by sculptor [[Robert Berks]], was unveiled in 1956 in honor of the 100th anniversary of Brandeis' birth.<ref name="statue">{{cite news |title= Memorial to Brandeis: 9-Foot Statue of Justice to Be Unveiled Nov. 13 |work= The New York Times |date= April 15, 1956 |page= 39 |id= {{ProQuest|113897312}} }}</ref><ref name="statue2">{{cite news |last1=Cardillo |first1=Julian |title=Louis Brandeis statue enlivens campus |url=http://www.brandeis.edu/now/2016/april/louis-brandeis-statue-tbt.html |access-date=3 November 2018 |publisher=Brandeis University |date=28 April 2016}}</ref> Berks' wife Dorothy had been the Justice's personal assistant for 39 years and wore his actual robes to model the statue.<ref name="statue2" /> After Brandeis University awarded an honorary doctorate to Israeli Premier [[David Ben-Gurion]] in 1960,<ref>{{cite news |title= Ben-Gurion Cites Spirit of Israel: Receiving Honorary Degree at Brandeis, He Stresses Philosophy and Science |first= Irving |last= Spiegel |work= The New York Times |date= Mar 10, 1960 |page= 9 |id= {{ProQuest|115037889}} }}</ref> [[Jordan]] boycotted Brandeis University, announcing that it would not issue currency permits to Jordanian students at Brandeis.<ref>{{cite news |title= Jordan Boycotts Brandeis U. |work= The New York Times |date= July 5, 1960 |page= 63 |id= {{ProQuest|115192047}} }}</ref> Beginning in fall 1959, singer [[Eddie Fisher (singer)|Eddie Fisher]] established two scholarships at the University, one for classical and one for popular music, in the name of [[Eddie Cantor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jta.org/1958/12/01/archive/schottland-to-head-social-welfare-school-at-brandeis-university |website=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] |title=Schottland to Head Social Welfare School at Brandeis University |date=December 1, 1958 |access-date=May 10, 2016}}</ref> On May 16, 1960, Brandeis announced it would discontinue its varsity football team.<ref name="quits-football">{{cite news |title= Brandeis Quits College Gridiron |work= The Baltimore Sun |date= May 17, 1960 |page= S23 |id= {{ProQuest|542277219}} }}</ref> President [[Abram Sachar]] pointed to the cost of the team as one reason for the decision.<ref name="quits-football" /> Brandeis' football coach [[Benny Friedman]] said it was difficult to recruit football players who were also excellent students with so much competition in the Boston metropolitan area.<ref name="fielding">{{cite news |title= Team Also Cited: Brandeis Athletic Director Says Football Expenses Outweighed Returns |first= Robert M. |last= Lipsyte |work= The New York Times |date= May 17, 1960 |page= 47 |id= {{ProQuest|114978291}} }}</ref> Brandeis said the discontinuation of varsity football would allow it to expand intercollegiate activity in other sports.<ref name="fielding" /> During its nine years of varsity play, Brandeis' football team recorded 34 wins, 33 losses, and four ties.<ref name="fielding" /> In 1985, Brandeis was elected to membership in the [[Association of American Universities]], an association that focuses on graduate education and research.<ref>{{cite news |title=UF Invited Into Prestigious Association of Universities |date= July 9, 1985 |work= The Gainesville Sun |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Ez9WAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y-kDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6157,2817515 }}</ref> === Student takeover of Ford Hall === On January 8, 1969, about 70 black students entered then-student-center, Ford Hall, ejected everyone else from the building, and refused to leave.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Student Occupation of Ford Hall, January 1969 | work=Brandeis University Archives, Remembering Ford & Sydeman Halls | url=http://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/exhibits/ford/occupation/index.html | access-date=2013-02-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127011528/http://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/exhibits/ford/occupation/index.html | archive-date=2013-01-27 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The students' demands included the hiring of more black faculty members, increasing black student enrollment from four percent to ten percent of the student body,<ref name= seize>{{cite news |title= 70 Seize Hall at Brandeis: Faculty Condemns Action By Negro Students |work= The Baltimore Sun |date= January 9, 1969 |page= A8 |id= {{ProQuest|539247176}} }}</ref> establishing an independent department on African American studies,<ref name= resume>{{cite news |title= Students Resume Brandeis Classes: Protest by Negroes Goes On as Negotiations Continue |first= John H. |last= Fenton |work= The New York Times |date= January 11, 1969 |page= 17 |id= {{ProQuest|118533415}} }}</ref> and an increase in scholarships for black students.<ref>{{cite news |title= Negro Students Accuse Brandeis Of 'Racist Policies,' Seize Building |work= The Washington Post|date= January 9, 1969 |page= A3 |id= {{ProQuest|147744840}}}}</ref> The student protesters renamed the school [[Malcolm X]] University for the duration of the siege, distributing buttons with the new name and logo, and issued a list of fourteen demands for better minority representation on campus.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Ten Demands | work=Brandeis University Archives, Remembering Ford & Sydeman Halls | url=http://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/exhibits/ford/occupation/tendemands.html | access-date=2013-02-09}}</ref> The students refused to allow telephone calls go through the telephone switchboard.<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis Takeover |work= Chicago Daily Defender |date= January 11, 1969 |page= 2 |id= {{ProQuest|493463521}} }}</ref> Over 200 white students staged a sit-in in the lobby of the administration building.<ref name= suspends/> Classes continued on campus during the protest.<ref name= resume/> Other campuses that had protests at the same time included [[San Francisco State College]],<ref>{{cite news |title= Calif. Students, Police Battle Again |work= The Washington Post |date= January 10, 1969 |page= A9 |id= {{ProQuest|147751670}} }}</ref> the [[University of Minnesota]], [[Swarthmore College]], [[Cheyney State College]],<ref>{{cite news |title= Compromise Ends Student Protest at Minnesota Campus |work= The Washington Post |date= January 16, 1969 |page= A7 |id= {{ProQuest|147731392}} }}</ref> [[Queens College]],<ref name= ousts>{{cite news |title= Head of Brandeis Suspends Negroes: Abram Ousts 65 Students for Occupying Building |first= John H. |last= Fenton |work= The New York Times |date= January 12, 1969 |page= 38 |id= {{ProQuest|118563168}} }}</ref> and [[San Jose State College]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Shot Fired In Flareup At San Jose |work= The Washington Post |date= January 18, 1969 |page= A3 |id= {{ProQuest|143519554}} }}</ref> President [[Morris B. Abram]] said that, although he recognized "the deep frustration and anger which black students here and all over the country—and often is—the indifference and duplicity of white men in relation to blacks",<ref name= suspends/> the students' actions were an affront to the university,<ref name= seize/> Abram said that "nothing less than academic freedom itself is under assault."<ref name= suspends/> The faculty condemned the students' actions as well.<ref name= seize/> On the third day of the protest, Abram proposed creating three committees to "spell out in detail those points which still divide us."<ref name="strike">{{cite news |title= All-California Teacher Strike Is Threatened |work= The Washington Post |date= January 13, 1969 |page= A3 |id= {{ProQuest|147730200}} }}</ref> The students rejected the idea.<ref name="strike" /> On the fourth day of the protest, the [[Middlesex County, Massachusetts|Middlesex]] Superior Court issued a temporary restraining order, requiring the students to leave Ford Hall.<ref name="resume" /> While Abram said he would not allow the order to be enforced by forcibly removing the students from Ford Hall, he did say that 65 students had been suspended for their actions.<ref name="suspends">{{cite news |title= Brandeis U. Head Suspends 65 in Campus Protest: Offers to Resign Escalate Demands |work= The Washington Post |date= January 12, 1969 |page= 10 |id= {{ProQuest|143655739}} }}</ref> On January 18, the black students exited Ford Hall, ending the eleven-day occupation of the building.<ref name="end-occupation">{{cite news |title= 64 Black Students End 'Occupation' at Brandeis |work= The Washington Post |date= January 19, 1969 |page= 3 |id= {{ProQuest|147736439}} }}</ref> Brandeis and students still were not in agreement on one of the demands, namely the establishment of an autonomous department on African American studies. Brandeis insisted that such a department be subject to the same rules as any other department.<ref name="end-occupation" /> There had been no violence or destruction of property during the occupation, and Brandeis gave the students amnesty from their actions.<ref name="end-occupation" /> [[Ronald Walters]] became the first chair of Afro-American studies at Brandeis later the same year.<ref>{{cite news |title= Ronald Walters, Rights Leader and Scholar, Dies at 72 |work= The New York Times |date= September 14, 2010 |first= Dennis |last= Hevesi |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/15/us/15walters.html }}</ref> Ford Hall was demolished in August 2000 to make way for the Shapiro Campus Center, which was opened and dedicated October 3, 2002. === 21st century === [[File:Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham MA.jpg|right|thumb|The Volen Center for Complex Systems (1994, [[CannonDesign]])]] [[File:Landsman Research Facility, Brandeis University.jpg|thumb|right|Landsman Research Facility (completed 2005, dedicated 2008), home to a superconducting magnet.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rahman |first1=Nashrah |title=Research facility dedicated to donors |url=https://www.thejustice.org/article/2008/11/research-facility-dedicated-to-donors |website=The Justice |access-date=21 January 2019 |date=11 November 2008}}</ref>]] In 2014, Brandeis announced it would offer an honorary doctorate to [[Ayaan Hirsi Ali]], "a staunch supporter of [[women's rights]]",<ref>{{cite web |title= Brandeis University Rescinds Honorary Degree From Ayaan Hirsi Ali Over Criticism of Islam |work= The Christian Post |first= Morgan |last= Lee |date= April 9, 2014 |url= http://www.christianpost.com/news/brandeis-university-rescinds-honorary-degree-from-ayaan-hirsi-ali-over-criticism-of-islam-117659/ }}</ref> and an outspoken campaigner against [[female genital mutilation]], [[honor killing]] and [[Islamic extremism]] in general. After complaints from the [[Council on American-Islamic Relations]] and internal consultation with faculty and students, Brandeis publicly withdrew the offer, citing that Ali's statements condemning Islam<ref>{{cite web |title= 'The Trouble Is the West': Ayaan Hirsi Ali on Islam, immigration, civil liberties, and the fate of the West |first= Rogier |last= van Bakel |date= November 2007 |work= Reason.com |publisher= Reason Foundation |url= http://reason.com/archives/2007/10/10/the-trouble-is-the-west/singlepage }}</ref> were "inconsistent with the University's core values".<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis Cancels Plan to Give Honorary Degree to Ayaan Hirsi Ali, a Critic of Islam |first1= Richard |last1= Pérez-Peña |first2= Tanzina |last2= Vega |date= April 8, 2014 |work= The New York Times |url=http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/04/09/us/brandeis-cancels-plan-to-give-honorary-degree-to-ayaan-hirsi-ali-a-critic-of-islam.html }}</ref> 87 out of 511 faculty members at Brandeis signed a letter to the university president. The university announced that the decision to withdraw the invitation was made after a discussion between Ayaan Ali and President Frederick Lawrence, stating that "She is a compelling public figure and advocate for women's rights ... but we cannot overlook certain of her past statements".<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement from Brandeis University |work=Brandeis University |date=April 8, 2014 |url=http://www.brandeis.edu/now/2014/april/commencementupdate.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615170913/http://www.brandeis.edu/now/2014/april/commencementupdate.html |archive-date=June 15, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Brandeis, Ali was never invited to speak at commencement, she was only invited to receive an honorary degree.<ref>{{cite web |title= Students' outcry prompts Brandeis to reconsider award |first= Emily |last= Stott |work= The Brandeis Hoot |date= April 11, 2014 |url= http://thebrandeishoot.com/articles/14184 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034408/http://thebrandeishoot.com/articles/14184 |archive-date= March 4, 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref> Ali said that Brandeis' decision surprised her because Brandeis said they did not know what she had said in the past even though her speeches were publicly available on the internet, calling it a "feeble excuse".<ref name="foxnews.com">{{cite web |title=Ayaan Hirsi Ali on withdrawal of honorary degree |date=April 9, 2014 |work=The Kelly File |publisher=Fox News |first=Megyn |last=Kelly |format=transcript |url=http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/the-kelly-file/transcript/2014/04/10/exclusive-ayaan-hirsi-ali-withdrawal-honorary-degree |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224028/http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/the-kelly-file/transcript/2014/04/10/exclusive-ayaan-hirsi-ali-withdrawal-honorary-degree |archive-date=2014-05-12 |url-status=dead |access-date=2014-05-24 }}</ref> Ali stated that the university's decision was motivated in part by fear of offending Muslims.<ref name="foxnews.com"/> She argued that the "spirit of free expression" referred to in the Brandeis statement has been betrayed and stifled.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ayaan Hirsi Ali: 'They Simply Wanted Me to be Silenced' |work=Time |date=April 9, 2014 |url=http://time.com/56111/ayaan-hirsi-ali-they-simply-wanted-me-to-be-silenced/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610152126/http://time.com/56111/ayaan-hirsi-ali-they-simply-wanted-me-to-be-silenced/ |archive-date=June 10, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> While some commentators such as Abdullah Antepli, the Muslim chaplain and adjunct faculty of Islamic Studies at Duke University, applauded the decision and warned against "making renegades into heroes",<ref>{{cite news |title=Hats off to Brandeis University! |work=The Chronicle |publisher=Duke Student Publishing Company |first=Abdullah |last=Antepli |date=April 10, 2014 |access-date=April 16, 2014 |url=http://www.dukechronicle.com/articles/2014/04/10/hats-brandeis-university |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708195244/http://www.dukechronicle.com/articles/2014/04/10/hats-brandeis-university |archive-date=2014-07-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref> other academic commentators such as the University of Chicago's [[Jerry Coyne]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Brandeis University cancels plans to give Ayaan Hirsi Ali an honorary degree |first=Jerry A. |last=Coyne |work=Why Evolution Is True |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=April 16, 2014 |url=http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2014/04/09/brandeis-university-cancels-plans-to-give-ayaan-hirsi-ali-an-honorary-degree/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619185927/http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2014/04/09/brandeis-university-cancels-plans-to-give-ayaan-hirsi-ali-an-honorary-degree/ |archive-date=June 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the George Mason University Foundation Professor [[David Bernstein (law professor)|David Bernstein]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Bernstein |first=David |title=More on the Brandeis-Hirsi Ali controversy |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=2014-04-10 |access-date=2014-04-16 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/04/10/more-on-the-brandeis-hirsi-ali-controversy/}}</ref> criticized the decision as an attack on academic values such as freedom of inquiry and intellectual independence from religious pressure groups. === Presidents === The presidents of Brandeis University are as follows. {| class=wikitable |+Presidents of Brandeis University ! colspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"| Name ! style="text-align:center;" | Tenure ! style="text-align:center;" | Note |- | [[Abram L. Sachar]] | style="text-align:center;" | 1948–1968<ref name= heads/> | |- |[[Morris B. Abram]] | style="text-align:center;" | 1968–1970<ref>{{cite news |title= Abram, Pledging Student Role, Is Installed as 2d Brandeis Head |first= John H. |last= Fenton |work= The New York Times |date= October 7, 1968 |page= 30 |id= {{ProQuest|118336604}} }}</ref> | |- | Charles I. Schottland | style="text-align:center;" | 1970–1972<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis U. Names Third President |work= The New York Times |date= December 19, 1970 |page= 24 |id= {{ProQuest|118743887}} }}</ref> | |- | [[Marver Bernstein |Marver H. Bernstein]] | style="text-align:center;" | 1972–1983<ref>{{cite news |title= Loses Fourth President: Bernstein, Political Scientist at Princeton, Is Named |first= Robert |last= Reinhold |work= The New York Times |date= December 18, 1971 |page= 33 |id= {{ProQuest|119211061}} }}</ref> | |- | [[Evelyn Handler|Evelyn E. Handler]] | style="text-align:center;" | 1983–1991<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis Installs Its 5th President |work= The New York Times|date= October 10, 1983 |page= A15 |id= {{ProQuest|424806105}}}}</ref> | |- | [[Stuart Altman|Stuart H. Altman]] | style="text-align:center;" | 1990–1991<ref>{{cite news |title=Interim President Chosen At Brandeis University |date=September 6, 1990 |work=Orlando Sentinel |url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1990-09-06/news/9009060613_1_brandeis-university-altman-university-of-california |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513101947/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1990-09-06/news/9009060613_1_brandeis-university-altman-university-of-california |archive-date=May 13, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> | interim |- | [[Samuel O. Thier]] | style="text-align:center;" | 1991–1994<ref>{{cite news |title= Brandeis University Selects Samuel Thier As Its New President |work= The New York Times |date= May 5, 1991 |id= {{ProQuest|428082753}} }}</ref> | |- | [[Jehuda Reinharz]] | style="text-align:center;" | 1994–2010<ref>{{cite news |title= Professor to lead Brandeis: Reinharz to be named president March 2 |last= Sinert |first= Michael L. |work= Jewish Advocate |date= March 3, 1994 |page= 1 |id= {{ProQuest|205204310}} }}</ref> | |- | [[Frederick M. Lawrence]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2011–2015<ref>{{cite news |title= New Brandeis head: campuses are fertile ground for hate speech |last= Bruss |first= Andrew |work= Jewish Advocate |date= October 15, 2010 |page= 4 |id= {{ProQuest|759966789}} }}</ref> | |- | Lisa M. Lynch | style="text-align:center;" | 2015–2016 | interim |- | [[Ronald D. Liebowitz]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2016–present | |} ==Campus== [[File:Brandeis University aerial 2.JPG|thumb|Aerial view of campus in [[Waltham, Massachusetts]]]] [[File:ShapiroCC.jpg|right|thumb|Carl and Ruth Shapiro Campus Center (2002, Charles Rose Architects)]] ===The Heller School=== {{Main|Heller School for Social Policy and Management}}The [[Heller School for Social Policy and Management]] is notable for its programs in social policy, health policy and management, and international development. Researchers at the graduate school and research institution research policy in health; mental health; substance abuse; children, youth, and families; aging; international and community development; developmental disabilities; philanthropy; and work and inequalities. ''U.S. News & World Report'' ranked the Heller School in the top 10 schools of social policy in its 2013 rankings.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Heller School For Social Policy and Management – An Overview|url=http://heller.brandeis.edu/about/index.html#ranking|website=heller.brandeis.edu|access-date=15 September 2014}}</ref> === International Business School === The [[Brandeis International Business School]] is a professional school dedicated to teaching and research in global finance, management, economic policy, international banking, microcredit lending, business and the environment, and related fields. Brandeis IBS has been ranked No. 1 in the U.S. by the ''Financial Times''<ref name="Brandeis IBS ranks among best in the world">{{cite web|title=Brandeis IBS ranks among best in the world|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/global/admissions/rankings.html|website=www.brandeis.edu|access-date=5 June 2014}}</ref> for pre-experience finance master's programs for two years.{{when|date=November 2018}} The School offers four graduate programs, a five-year BA/MA and BA/MBA, and undergraduate business programs specializing in international economic policy, [[corporate finance]], asset management, marketing, real estate, and sustainability. Brandeis IBS offers four graduate programs: Master of Arts in International Economics and Finance (MA), Master of Science in Finance (MSF), MBA, and PhD. In addition, business major and minor programs are available to undergraduate students, along with five-year dual-degree BA/MA and BA/MBA programs, which allow Brandeis University undergraduates to complete a master's degree at Brandeis International Business School in conjunction with their studies at the university. === The Rabb School of Continuing Studies === [[File:Carl J Shapiro Science Center, Brandeis University, Waltham MA.jpg|right|thumb|Carl J. Shapiro Science Center (2009, Payette)]] With more than 4,000 enrollments a year,<ref name="4,000 Students a Year">{{cite web|title=4,000 Students a Year|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/rabb/|website=www.brandeis.edu|access-date=5 June 2014}}</ref> the Rabb School of Continuing Studies develops educational offerings across four distinct divisions. It provides professional development opportunities through degree programs, personal enrichment and lifelong learning. === Graduate School of Arts and Sciences === One of four graduate schools on campus, the [[Brandeis University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences|Graduate School of Arts and Sciences]] (GSAS) offers over 40 programs, 18 of which are doctoral programs. Brandeis graduate students are eligible to cross-register for courses at Boston College, Boston University, Tufts University, and the Graduate Consortium in Women's Studies at MIT. Brandeis is also a member of the Boston Library Consortium,<ref name="Boston Library Consortium">{{cite web|title=Boston Library Consortium|url=http://www.blc.org/members/current-members|website=www.blc.org|access-date=5 June 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213034511/http://www.blc.org/members/current-members|archive-date=13 December 2013}}</ref> composed of 18 academic and research institutions in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. === Rose Art Museum === {{Main|Rose Art Museum}} [[File:Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University, Waltham MA.jpg|right|thumb|The Rose Art Museum (1961, Harrison & Abramovitz)]] Established in 1961, the [[Rose Art Museum]] is a museum dedicated to 20th- and 21st-century art. === Library === The Brandeis Library<ref name="Library">{{cite web|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/library/|title=Library|date=27 September 2018|website=Brandeis Library|access-date=27 September 2018}}</ref> provides resources and services to support research, scholarship, teaching, and learning on campus. The library manages more than 1,500,000 physical volumes, and more than 600,000 electronic books, as well as electronic journals and online databases. As part of the library, the Robert D. Farber University Archives & Special Collections Department houses Brandeis University's unique and rare primary sources, which support teaching, research and scholarship at the university and beyond. The department comprises University Archives, containing materials related to Brandeis University, and Special Collections, including rare books, original manuscripts dating from the 13th to 21st centuries, unique primary source material, and a wide variety of visual material.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} Subject strengths include the [[Holocaust]] and Jewish resistance to persecution; Jewish-American and [[émigré]] writers, composers and performing artists; left- and right-wing movements in the United States and Europe; and American and European political leaders and social reformers. Major collections include material on the [[Spanish Civil War]], novelist [[Joseph Heller]], caricaturist [[Honoré Daumier]], and Justice [[Louis Dembitz Brandeis]]. {{Panorama |image = File:Brandeis_University_Panorama.jpg |height = 230 |caption = Campus buildings viewed from '''Starr Plaza''' (1997, Pressley Associates), left to right: '''Shapiro Campus Center''' (2002, Charles Rose architects); '''Gryzmish Center''' (1959, [[Hugh Stubbins]]); '''Irving Presidential Enclave''' (1959, Hugh Stubbins); '''Bernstein-Marcus Administration Center''' (1959, Hugh Stubbins). }} == Academics == [[File:Slosberg Music Center, Brandeis University.jpg|thumb|right|Slosberg Music Center]] {{Expand section|date=July 2009}} The schools of the University include: * The Brandeis University College of Arts and Sciences * The [[Brandeis University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences|Graduate School of Arts and Sciences]] * The [[Heller School for Social Policy and Management]] * [[Rabb School of Summer and Continuing Studies]] * [[Brandeis International Business School]] The College of Arts and Sciences comprises 24 departments and 22 interdepartmental programs, which, in total, offer 43 majors and 47 minors. The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, founded in 1959, is noteworthy for its graduate programs in healthcare administration, social policy, social work, and international development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heller.brandeis.edu/about/index.html |title=About the Heller School |publisher=heller.brandeis.edu |access-date=2014-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/programs/education/mat/ |title=Master of Arts in Teaching Program (MAT) |publisher=brandeis.edu |access-date=2014-04-16}}</ref> Internships, research assistantships and other hands-on experiences are available throughout the curriculum. The global and experiential dimensions of education at Brandeis are carried out through international centers and institutes, which sponsor lectures and colloquia and add to the ranks of distinguished scholars on campus. The Brandeis University Press, a member of the University Press of New England, publishes books in a variety of scholarly and general interest fields. The Goldfarb Library at Brandeis has more than 1.6 million volumes and 300,000 e-journals. The library also houses a large United States Government archive. Brandeis University is a part of the Boston Library Consortium, which allows its students, faculty, and staff to access and borrow books and other materials from other BLC institutions including [[Tufts University]] and [[Williams College]]. ===Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies=== In 1980, Brandeis University established the Maurice and Marilyn Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/cmjs/ |title=Maurice & Marilyn Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies |publisher=Brandeis.edu |access-date=2014-04-16}}</ref> the first academic center devoted to the study of Jewish life in the United States. The Cohen Center's work spans basic research on Jewish identity to applied educational evaluation studies. The center's recent signature studies include research with participants in [[Birthright Israel|Taglit-Birthright Israel]], investigations of synagogue transformation, and analyses of Jewish summer camping. CMJS research has altered the understanding of contemporary Jewish life and the role of Jewish institutions in the United States. ===Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism=== The Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism was launched in September 2004 as the first investigative reporting center based at a United States university.<ref name="Schuster-wind-down">{{cite web |last1=Lynch |first1=Lisa |title=Wind-Down of the Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism|publisher=Brandeis University |access-date=12 January 2019 |location=Waltham, Massachusetts |date=20 December 2018 |quote=the Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism will be closing at the end of December|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/provost/letters/2018-2019/12-20-18-schuster-center.html}}</ref> It was named for founding benefactors [[Elaine Schuster]] and Gerald Schuster. The institute's major projects were: *the Political & Social Justice Project *the Justice Brandeis Innocence Project *the Gender & Justice Project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/investigate/ |title=The Elaine and Gerald Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism |publisher=Brandeis.edu |access-date=2014-04-16}}</ref> The Schuster Institute closed at the end of 2018 due to financial considerations.<ref name="Schuster-wind-down" /> ===Steinhardt Social Research Institute=== The Steinhardt Social Research Institute<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/ssri/ |title=Steinhardt Social Research Institute |publisher=brandeis.edu |date=2013-09-30 |access-date=2014-04-16}}</ref> was created in 2005 from a gift from [[Michael Steinhardt]] as a forum to collect, analyze, and disseminate data about the Jewish community and about religion and ethnicity in the United States. The first mission of SSRI was to interpret the inherent problems with the [[National Jewish Population Survey]] of 2000 (NJPS). SSRI has done a Jewish Population Survey of the Greater Boston area, the results of which were released on November 9, 2006.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/11/10/jewish_population_in_region_rises/ | work=The Boston Globe | title=Jewish population in region rises | date=2006-11-10 | first=Michael | last=Paulson}}</ref> The Institute collects and organizes existing socio-demographic data from private, communal, and government sources and will conduct local and national studies of the character of American Jewry and Jewish organizations. The work of the institute is done by a multidisciplinary staff of faculty and scholars, working with undergraduate and graduate students, and augmented by visiting scholars and consultants. The institute works in close collaboration with the Maurice and Marilyn Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies. ===Women's Studies Research Center=== [[File:Brandeis-womens-studies-research-center.jpg|thumb|right|Women's Studies Research Center]] The Women's Studies Research Center (WSRC) is directed by Professor of Sociology and Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies Karen V. Hansen.<ref>[http://www.brandeis.edu/facultyguide/person.html?emplid=529e5de43be196f042405267ba843af01e087025 Karen V. Hansen]</ref> The WSRC was founded in 2001 by Professor Emerita of Sociology [[Shulamit Reinharz]]. It is home to three general programs: * The Scholars Program, which consists of about 70 academic scholars from around the world who study gender through an interdisciplinary lens * The Student-Scholar Partnership Program, which pairs Brandeis University undergraduate students with WSRC scholars for semester-long, paid research assistantships * The Arts Program, which oversees the Kniznick Gallery, devoted to feminist artwork The Center is located at the Epstein Building on the Brandeis campus. ===Rankings=== {{Infobox US university ranking | ARWU_W = 301–400 | ARWU_N = 95–116 | THES_W = 201–250 | THE_WSJ = 109 | QS_W = 468 | USNWR_NU = 42 | USNWR_W = 250 | Wamo_NU = 107 | Forbes = 96 }} * Brandeis was ranked No. 1 among the top 380 colleges in the United States for student engagement in community service, according to ''The Princeton Review'' in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Colleges Where Students Are The Most Engaged In Community Service|url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/colleges-where-students-are-the-most-engaged-in-community-service-according-to-princeton-review_55c163e9e4b0138b0bf46432|website = The Huffington Post|access-date = 2015-08-30}}</ref> *''U.S. News & World Report'' ranked Brandeis tied for No. 34 in its 2016 annual list of Best National Universities.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Brandeis University {{!}} Best College {{!}} US News|url = http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/brandeis-university-2133|website = colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com|access-date = 2015-09-09}}</ref> Acceptance to Brandeis was characterized as "''most selective''". It was ranked No. 9 of Most Liberal Students in 2009, and No. 10 in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The 10 Most Progressive Campuses – College Magazine|url = http://www.collegemagazine.com/top-10-open-minded-colleges/|website = College Magazine|access-date = 2015-08-30|last = Healy|first = Meaghan}}</ref> *No. 34 among Best Values in Private Universities according to ''[[Kiplinger's Personal Finance]]'' in its 2016 ranking of best value private universities in the United States.<ref>{{cite magazine| url=http://www.kiplinger.com/tool/college/T014-S001-kiplinger-s-best-values-in-private-colleges/index.php |magazine=Kiplinger's Personal Finance | title=Kiplinger's Best College Values 2016 |date=December 2015}}</ref> *No. 2 among national universities for doctoral program in ''[[Neuroscience]]'' and Neurobiology (tied with Johns Hopkins University and Yale University), according to the [[National Research Council (United States)]] in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Doctoral Programs by the Numbers|url = http://chronicle.com/article/NRC-Rankings-Overview-/124747/|newspaper = The Chronicle of Higher Education|date = 2010-09-30|access-date = 2015-08-30|issn = 0009-5982}}</ref> *No. 99 among 650 undergraduate institutions and 51st among national research universities in the 2017 ranking from ''Forbes.''<ref>{{cite magazine| url=https://www.forbes.com/colleges/brandeis-university/ |title=America's Top Colleges |date=Dec 29, 2017 |magazine=Forbes}}</ref> * One of the Top 20 Small Research Universities based on the ''Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index (2006–07)''<ref name="Rankings:Fast Facts">{{cite web| url=http://www.brandeis.edu/about/facts/rankings.html| title=Rankings:Fast Facts| access-date=4 May 2009}}</ref> * Named the 6th happiest university by [[Unigo]] in 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/unigo/top-10-colleges-with-the-_b_1840568.html#s1448191&title=6_Brandeis_University |title=Unigo: Top 10 Colleges with the Happiest Students |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |access-date=2013-12-09}}</ref> *[[Brandeis International Business School]] was ranked No. 1 by ''[[Financial Times]]'' from 2010 through 2013 for its Master of Arts in International Economics and Finance Program.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Business school ranked No. 1 by Financial Times {{!}} BrandeisNOW|url = http://www.brandeis.edu/now/2013/june/ibsranking.html|website = BrandeisNOW|access-date = 2015-08-30}}</ref> ==Notable faculty and graduates== {{Main|List of Brandeis University people}} <gallery class="center"> File:Roderick MacKinnon, M.D..jpg|[[Roderick MacKinnon]] (BA, 1978) won the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 2003. File:Edward Witten.jpg|[[Edward Witten]] (BA, 1971) received a [[Fields Medal]]. File:Leslie Lamport.jpg|[[Leslie Lamport]] (PhD, 1972) is a [[Turing Award]]-winning computer scientist. File:Robert Zimmer By Eric Guo.jpg|[[Robert Zimmer]] (BA, 1968) is a mathematician and president of the [[University of Chicago]]. File:Thomas Friedman 2005 (5).jpg|[[Thomas Friedman]] (BA, 1975) won the [[Pulitzer Prize]] three times. File:Margo Jefferson 2015.jpg|[[Margo Jefferson]] (BA, 1970) won the [[Pulitzer Prize for Criticism]]. File:Vbalki.jpg|[[V. Balakrishnan (physicist)]] (PhD, 1970) is an Indian theoretical physicist. File:Angela Davis crop.png|[[Angela Davis]] (BA, 1965) is an American political activist, philosopher, academic, and author. File:Adam Cheyer, 2008.png|[[Adam Cheyer]] (BA, 1988) is a co-founder of [[Siri]] and former director of engineering for the [[iPhone]]. File:Christie Hefner.jpg|[[Christie Hefner]] (BA, 1974) is the former CEO of [[Playboy Enterprises]]. File:Debra Messing at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival.jpg|[[Debra Messing]] (BA, 1990) is an Emmy Award-winning actress. File:David I. Kertzer historian.jpg|[[David Kertzer]] (PhD 1974) is a [[Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography|Pulitzer Prize-winning]] historian (2014). File:Mitch Albom's book signing 2010-09-02.jpg|[[Mitch Albom]] (BA) is a best-selling author known for writing ''[[Tuesdays with Morrie]]'' and ''[[The Five People You Meet in Heaven]]'' File:Sidney blumenthal 2006.jpg|[[Sidney Blumenthal]] (BA, 1969) is a journalist and political operative known for his association with [[Bill Clinton|President Clinton]]. File:Guy Raz 2015-09-29 (cropped).jpg|[[Guy Raz]] (BA, 1996) is a radio host for [[NPR]]. File:Abbie Hoffman visiting the University of Oklahoma circa 1969.jpg|[[Abbie Hoffman]] (BA, 1959) was a co-founder of the [[Youth International Party]] and one of the [[Chicago Seven]]. File:Daniel B Shapiro ambassador.jpg|[[Daniel B. Shapiro]] (BA, 1991) was the [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Israel|United States Ambassador to Israel]] under [[Barack Obama]]. File:Jeffrey C. Hall EM1B8737 (38162359274).jpg|[[Jeffrey C. Hall]], Professor Emeritus of Biology won the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 2017. File:Michael Rosbash EM1B8756 (38847326642).jpg|[[Michael Rosbash]], Peter Gruber Chair in Neuroscience won the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 2017 File:Robert Reich at the UT Liz Carpenter Lecture 2015.JPG|[[Robert Reich]], the [[United States Secretary of Labor]], taught at Brandeis. File:Anita Hill (40077870832).jpg|[[Anita Hill]], an American lawyer, academic, and public figure, teaches at Brandeis. File:JohnAnderson.png|[[John B. Anderson]], a member of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] and [[1980 United States presidential election|Presidential Candidate in the election of 1980]], taught at Brandeis. File:Frank-Bidart.jpg|[[Frank Bidart]], is a poet who has received the [[Pulitzer Prize]] as well as the [[National Book Award]] twice. File:UNCPauliMurray.png|[[Pauli Murray]] was a civil rights activist and lawyer who taught at Brandeis. File:Eleanor Roosevelt portrait 1933.jpg|[[Eleanor Roosevelt]] was the longest-serving [[First Lady of the United States]] as the wife of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], the first U.S. delegate to the [[United Nations]], and an advocate for women's rights and civil rights for African Americans. File:Leonard Bernstein 1971-2.jpg|[[Leonard Bernstein]] is one of the most influential 20th-century composers, known for his symphonies and musicals such as ''[[West Side Story]]''. He received seventeen [[Grammy Award|Grammy Awards]] and eleven [[Emmy Award|Emmy Awards]]. </gallery> Among the better-known graduates are co-creators of the television show ''[[Friends]]'' [[David Crane (producer)|David Crane]] and [[Marta Kauffman]], political activists [[Abbie Hoffman]] and [[Angela Yvonne Davis|Angela Davis]], journalists [[Thomas Friedman]] and [[Paul Solman]], Congressman [[Stephen J. Solarz]], physicist and Fields medalist [[Edward Witten]], mathematician and Abel Prize recipient [[Karen Uhlenbeck]], novelist [[Ha Jin]], political theorist [[Michael Walzer]], actresses [[Debra Messing]] and [[Loretta Devine]], philosopher [[Michael Sandel]], Olympic Silver Medalist fencer [[Tim Morehouse]], social and psychoanalytic theorist [[Nancy Chodorow]], author [[Mitch Albom]], filmmakers [[Debra Granik]] and [[Jonathan Newman]], music producer [[Jon Landau]],<ref>{{Cite web|title = Jon Landau '68 {{!}} Brandeis Magazine|url = http://www.brandeis.edu/magazine/2013/summer/featured-stories/bq-landau.html|website = Brandeis Magazine|access-date = 2015-09-05}}</ref> and computer scientist [[Leslie Lamport]]. Among the distinguished faculty, present and past, are mathematician [[Heisuke Hironaka]], a Fields medalist, biologists and Nobel laureates [[Michael Rosbash]] and [[Jeffrey C. Hall]], composers [[Arthur Victor Berger|Arthur Berger]], [[Leonard Bernstein]], [[Martin Boykan]], [[Eric Chasalow]], [[Irving Fine]], [[Donald Martino]], [[David Rakowski]], [[Harold Shapero]], and [[Yehudi Wyner]], social theorist [[Herbert Marcuse]], psychologist [[Abraham Maslow]], linguist [[James Pustejovsky]], human rights activist [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], [[Anita Hill]], historian [[David Hackett Fischer]], economist [[Thomas Sowell]], chemist [[S Katharine Hammond]], diplomat [[Dennis Ross]], children's author [[Margret Rey]], former United States Secretary of Labor [[Robert Reich]], sociologist [[Morrie Schwartz]], poets [[Olga Broumas]] and [[Adrienne Rich]], author [[Stephen McCauley]], and Pulitzer Prize–winning columnist [[Eileen McNamara]]. == Publications == ===Newspaper and yearbook=== * ''Archon'', the yearbook * ''The Barrister News Ltd'' was a politically neutral broadside weekly newspaper with nationally syndicated features, published 1985–1991.<ref>{{cite web |author=Eliot Wilczek |url=http://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/findingguides/archives/periodicals/barrister.html |title=The Barrister &#124; Archives and Special Collections, Brandeis University |publisher=Lts.brandeis.edu |access-date=2013-12-09 |archive-date=2012-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304151650/http://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/findingguides/archives/periodicals/barrister.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''The Blowfish'', a satirical newspaper founded in February 2006, is published every other Thursday. The first issue appeared inside ''The Hoot'', and every issue since then has been published independently. *''[[The Justice (newspaper)|The Justice]]'', which was founded in 1949 (one year after the university's inception) is an administratively independent weekly newspaper distributed every Tuesday during term. *''[[The Brandeis Hoot]]'', founded in 2005, is an independent weekly newspaper published on Fridays. ===Magazines=== * ''The Louis Lunatic'', founded in the winter of 2004, is a student-run sports magazine released each semester, discussing Brandeis and national sports. * ''Gravity'', a humor magazine founded in 1990 * ''Laurel Moon'', a literary magazine launched in 1991 * ''Artemis'', a feminist magazine published intermittently in the 1980s-1990s and revived during the fall 2013 semester. * ''Under the Robe'', an arts and entertainment social tabloid published by ''The Barrister'' 1985–1988 * ''Where the Children Play'', a literature and arts magazine founded in 1994 by Phil Robinson and Abigail Myers ===Journals=== * ''Brandeis Economic & Finance Review'', founded by Jordan Caruso in 2010, is a student-run online and print publication dedicated to issues in business, economics, and finance. Nobel Laureate Dr. [[Robert Solow]] contributed an original article for the Fall 2010 printed publication. * ''Brandeis International Journal'', a student-run semesterly publication on international affairs * ''Brandeis Law Journal'', founded in 2008, is the only undergraduate-edited legal publication in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://brandeislawjournal.wordpress.com/ |title=Brandeis University Law Journal |access-date=2021-05-07 }}</ref> * ''The Brandeis Scope'' reports on research occurring on the Brandeis University campus and affiliated laboratories in the sciences. * ''Louis Magazine'', a defunct journal of intellectual discourse, 1999–2002 * ''The Pulse'', reports on advances in medicine; published by the Pre-Health Society ==Athletics== {{Main|Brandeis Judges}} Brandeis fields 19 [[Division III (NCAA)|Division III]] varsity athletic programs. Brandeis athletic teams compete in the [[University Athletic Association]] (UAA). Brandeis has won [[NCAA]] team championships in men's soccer (1976) and men's cross country (1983), as well as 24 individual titles. Brandeis teams have earned 17 [[NCAA Division III]] Tournament berths and won eight Eastern Collegiate Athletic Association (ECAC) New England crowns in the last decade. Nine teams have earned national rankings, with men's and women's basketball and men's and women's soccer all ascending to the top 10 in the nation during that span.<ref name="D3soccer.com Men's Top 25, Week 3">{{cite web|title=D3soccer.com Men's Top 25, Week 3|url=http://www.d3soccer.com/top25/men/2013/week3|website=www.d3soccer.com|access-date=25 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="NSCAA/Continental Tire NCAA Division III Women's - National - Poll 3 - September 17, 2013">{{cite web|title=NSCAA/Continental Tire NCAA Division III Women's – National – Poll 3 – September 17, 2013|url=http://www.nscaatv.com/rankings/2274/NCAADivisionIII/women/National/Poll3|website=www.nscaatv.com|access-date=25 June 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140625155811/http://www.nscaatv.com/rankings/2274/NCAADivisionIII/women/National/Poll3|archive-date=25 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="D3hoops.com men's Top 25, Week 3">{{cite web|title=D3hoops.com men's Top 25, Week 3|url=http://www.d3hoops.com/top25/men/2007-08/week3|website=www.d3hoops.com|access-date=25 June 2014}}</ref> In 2017, the men's team reached the Sweet 16 of the [[NCAA Men's Division III Basketball Championship|NCAA Tournament]] for the sixth year in a row, and reached the Final Four for the second straight year. It was the fourth straight year they finished ranked a top ten team in the country. Also earning national rankings in '13-14 were women's cross country<ref name="USTFCCCA NCAA Division III National Coaches' Poll">{{cite web|title=USTFCCCA NCAA Division III National Coaches' Poll|url=http://www.ustfccca.org/assets/rankings/div3/2013-xc/Div3_XC_2013_Week8_National-Summary.pdf|website=www.ustfccca.org|access-date=25 June 2014}}</ref> and men's and women's tennis.<ref name="Division III Men's National Rankings - March 27">{{cite web|title=Division III Men's National Rankings – March 27|url=http://www.itatennis.com/AwardsAndRankings/Rankings/2013-14_ITA_Division_III_Men_s_Rankings/Division_III_Men_s_National_Rankings_-_March_27.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403132648/http://www.itatennis.com/AwardsAndRankings/Rankings/2013-14_ITA_Division_III_Men_s_Rankings/Division_III_Men_s_National_Rankings_-_March_27.htm|website=www.itatennis.com|archive-date=3 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Division III Women's National Rankings Administered by the ITA">{{cite web|title=Division III Women's National Rankings Administered by the ITA|url=http://www.itatennis.com/AwardsAndRankings/Rankings/2013-14_ITA_Division_III_Women_s_Rankings/Division_III_Women_s_National_Rankings_-_April_10.htm|website=www.itatennis.com|access-date=25 June 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420024104/http://www.itatennis.com/AwardsAndRankings/Rankings/2013-14_ITA_Division_III_Women_s_Rankings/Division_III_Women_s_National_Rankings_-_April_10.htm|archive-date=20 April 2014}}</ref> Brandeis also sponsors 20 club sports. Among them, [[ultimate frisbee]], crew, archery and women's rugby have had success on a national level. The program's many intramural sports are open to students, faculty and staff. ==Research== Brandeis is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among [[List of research universities in the United States#Universities classified as "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity"|"R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity"]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=165015|title=Carnegie Classifications – Institution Profile|publisher=Indiana University Center for Postsecondary Research|access-date=March 30, 2020}}</ref> In FY 2017, Brandeis spent $68.4 million on research and was ranked 174 in the nation by total R&D expenditure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rankings by total R&D expenditures |url=https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=rankingBySource&ds=herd |website=nsf.gov |publisher=National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics |access-date=18 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113144205/https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=rankingBySource&ds=herd |archive-date=13 January 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NSF – NCSES Academic Institution Profiles – Brandeis University : Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2017 |url=https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=reportsall&fice=2133 |website=ncsesdata.nsf.gov |access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref> These include sponsored research funds from sources including the [[National Institutes of Health]]; the [[National Science Foundation]] and the [[US Department of Health and Human Services]] as well as a range of foundations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/ora/about/FY15ByFunder.html|title=- Brandeis University|website=www.brandeis.edu|access-date=2015-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117121656/http://www.brandeis.edu/ora/about/FY15ByFunder.html|archive-date=2015-11-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> The university's Division of Science encompasses seven departments (Biochemistry, Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, and Psychology), five interdepartmental programs (Biochemistry & Biophysics, Biological Physics, Biotechnology, Genetic Counseling, Molecular & Cell Biology, and Neuroscience), six science centers (Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Sloan-Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, Benjamin and Mae Volen National Center for Complex Systems, and W.M. Keck Institute for Cellular Visualization), and more than 50 laboratories<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bio.brandeis.edu/research/index.html|title=Life Sciences Website|website=www.bio.brandeis.edu}}</ref> that investigate fundamental life processes ranging from the structure and function of individual macromolecules to the mechanisms that control the behavior of whole organisms. Faculty, postdoctoral fellows, graduate students and undergraduates investigate areas such as neuronal development and plasticity, signal transduction, immunology, the molecular basis of genetic recombination, and the three-dimensional structure of macromolecular assemblies. Brandeis science faculty include 12 National Academy of Science members,<ref>National Academy Members, http://www.brandeis.edu/about/faculty/national.html</ref> three Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators,<ref name="hhmi inv">Howard Hughes Medical Institute HHMI Investigators and Professors http://www.hhmi.org/scientists/browse?kw=brandeis&sort_by=field_scientist_last_name&sort_order=ASC</ref> two Howard Hughes Medical Institute professors,<ref name="hhmi inv"/> two MacArthur Foundation Fellows,<ref>MacArthur Fellows, https://www.macfound.org/fellows/650/</ref> and 15 American Association for the Advancement of Sciences Fellows.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/about/faculty/aaa-s.html|title=Distinguished Faculty|website=www.brandeis.edu}}</ref> Brandeis undergraduate students have the opportunity to work with faculty, postdoctoral students and graduate students to conduct original laboratory research.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/research/students.html|title=Student Research|website=www.brandeis.edu}}</ref> Brandeis also offers a number of funding resources to support independent undergraduate research projects. In 2008, Brandeis established a Science Posse program, a merit-based scholarship program that admits students based on their academic, leadership and communication skills, and their interests in studying science. Founded by Irving Epstein, the Henry F. Fischbach Professor of Chemistry, and supported by a Howard Hughes Medical Institute grant, the Science Posse program is focused on increasing the recruitment and retention of students from traditionally underrepresented groups in the sciences. The program recruits, trains, and provides mentoring and other services for 10 inner-city Atlanta students each year who are interested in studying science at the undergraduate level.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140915181351/https://www.hhmi.org/research/broadening-access-science-science-posse Broadening Access to Science: Science Posse]". ''Howard Hughes Medical Institute''. May 2014. Archived from [https://www.hhmi.org/research/broadening-access-science-science-posse the original] on September 15, 2014.</ref> In 2014, the National Science Foundation renewed funding for Brandeis' Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC), which was established in 2008. This center supports interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary materials research and education that address fundamental problems in science and engineering that are important to society.<ref>"[https://www.mrsec.org/mrsec-program-overview MRSEC Program Overview]". ''Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers''.</ref> In particular, the center uses simplified components to create new materials that have some of the functionalities found in living organisms. == Student life == [[File:Brandeis University Admissions Bldg.jpg|thumb|Undergraduate Admissions Center]] [[File:Brandeis University Shapiro Campus Center.jpg|thumb|Shapiro Campus Center]] The university has an active student government, the Brandeis Student Union,<ref>{{cite web|url = http://union.brandeis.edu/|title = Brandeis University Student Union|publisher = union.brandeis.edu|access-date = 2014-04-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140417004657/http://union.brandeis.edu/|archive-date = 2014-04-17|url-status = dead}}</ref> as well as more than 270 student organizations.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://my.brandeis.edu/clubs/| title=Club Center| publisher=My Brandeis| access-date=26 April 2009}}</ref> [[Fraternities and sororities]] aren't officially recognized by Brandeis University, as they are contrary to a central tenet of the university, namely, that student organizations be open to all students, with membership determined by competency or interest. According to an official handbook, "[e]xclusive or secret societies are inconsistent with the principles of openness to which the University is committed.".<ref>{{cite web |title=2007–2008 Rights & Responsibilities Handbook, Appendix B: University Policy on Fraternities and Sororities |publisher=Brandeis University |access-date=2008-03-17 |url=http://www.brandeis.edu/studentlife/sdc/rr/html/rr_appendix.html}}</ref> Brandeis has 11 [[collegiate a cappella|a cappella]] groups, six undergraduate-run theater companies, one sketch comedy troupe (Boris' Kitchen, founded in 1987),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://borissketchcomedy.com|title=Boris' Kitchen|website=Boris' Kitchen}}</ref> four [[Improvisational theatre|improv-comedy]] groups, and many other cultural and arts clubs, as well as student activism groups that advocate for causes including environmentalism, immigration reform, LGBTQ rights, feminism, and anti-racism. Brandeis is also home to what has been cited as one of the country's few undergraduate-run law publications.<ref>{{cite web |title=Q&A with ALDF Staff Attorney about Pursuing a Career in Animal Law |publisher=Animal Legal Defense Fund |access-date=2011-01-07 |url=http://www.aldf.org/article.php?id=1441 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119133337/http://aldf.org/article.php?id=1441 |archive-date=2010-11-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Of particular note is the Brandeis Academic Debate and Speech Society (B.A.D.A.S.S.), which consistently ranks as one of the top 10 debate teams in the United States, and participates across the globe in the [[World Universities Debating Championships]] each year. During the 2012–2013 school year, B.A.D.A.S.S. was the second most successful team overall on the [[American Parliamentary Debate Association]] Circuit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apdaweb.org/standings |title=Standings (2013–2014) |publisher=Apdaweb |access-date=2013-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103024238/http://apdaweb.org/standings |archive-date=2014-01-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cholmondeley's coffeehouse, commonly referred to as "Chums", is located in Brandeis' [[Usen Castle]]. Chums is a popular site for student performances and concerts, including [[Tracy Chapman]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[Joan Baez]], [[Matt Pond PA]], and [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]] (notable as their first American performance). Early footage of Chums appears in the short documentary film, ''Coffee House Rendezvous''.<ref>{{cite video |last=Steeg |first=Ted |title=Coffee House Rendezvous |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2NoKCg702g |publisher=Coffee Information Service |year=1969 |time=5:10}}</ref> Cholmondley's is named after a notoriously ill-tempered Basset hound that was the on-campus pet for Ralph Norman, the campus photographer during the first years of Brandeis. The dog roamed the campus after dark, growling at students, often nipping at their cuffs and making a general nuisance of himself. After his death, the coffee house was named for him, not so much in remembrance but in celebration.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2007/10/18/threes_a_charm/| title=Oppenheimer at Brandeis| date=18 October 2007| publisher=Globe Newspaper Company| access-date=26 April 2009 | first1=Catherine | last1=Elcik}}</ref> In 2015, in an email to student workers of the coffee house, Brandeis administration announced the immediate closure of Chums Coffeehouse, leaving said student workers unemployed. After significant pushback from the student body and alumni alike, the administration determined to make the closure temporary while the space underwent renovations.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://brandeishoot.com/2015/03/20/student-coffeehouse-undergoes-sudden-reorganization/ |title=Student coffeehouse undergoes sudden reorganization |work=brandeishoot.com |author=Charlotte Aaron |date=March 20, 2015}}</ref> Brandeis University's Campus Sustainability Initiative seeks to reduce the University's environmental and climate change impact. The University's accomplishments in the arena of sustainability include the creation of a student-organized on-campus Farmers' Market, the implementation of a [[single-stream recycling]] program, and the transition to GreenE certified wind power for 15% of the school's electricity needs.<ref name="Sustainability Accomplishments">{{cite web |title = Sustainability Accomplishments |publisher = Brandeis University |url = http://www.brandeis.edu/campussustainability/newsevents/accomplishments.html |access-date = 2009-06-08 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110615130320/http://www.brandeis.edu/campussustainability/newsevents/accomplishments.html |archive-date = 2011-06-15 }}</ref> Brandeis also offers an environmental studies academic program, which includes courses such as Greening the Ivory Tower: Improving Sustainability of Brandeis and Community, which serves as an incubator for student led sustainability projects.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brandeis.edu/programs/environmental/undergrad/greeningcourse/index.html|title=Greening Class {{!}} Environmental Studies Program {{!}} Brandeis University|website=www.brandeis.edu|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref> Student projects have included greening campus offices, running after-school environmental education programs for children in the Waltham schools, and cleaning up local streams and ponds.<ref name="Greening Class Projects 2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/campussustainability/greeningclass/fall2008.html|title=Greening Class Projects 2008|publisher=Brandeis University|access-date=2009-06-08}}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In addition, a student-led project in 2014 established a rooftop farm atop the Gerstenzang science building consisting of 1,500 potted milk crates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/08/11/barren-brandeis-rooftop-transformed-into-feast-for-senses/zEv2ig7sV4BBhjQxVzyTiJ/story.html|title=Barren Brandeis rooftop transformed into feast for senses|first=Jon |last=Mael|date=12 August 2015|work=The Boston Globe|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref> Students also have the option of taking courses with a "Community Engaged Learning" (CEL) aspect. Community-engaged learning is an aspect of the university's broad-based commitment to experiential learning. Emergency medical services are provided by the Brandeis Emergency Medical Corps, a Massachusetts-certified [[Emergency medical technician-basic|EMT-Basic]] volunteer student organization<ref name="Gala">{{cite book |title=BEMCo 25th Anniversary Gala: Order of Ceremonies |last= Brandeis Emergency Medical Corps|author-link= Brandeis Emergency Medical Corps |year=2008 |publisher= Brandeis University |location= Waltham, MA |page=2 }}</ref> which does not charge a fee for any of its emergency services.<ref>{{cite web|title=Article VIII: Union Accredited Organizations |work=Brandeis University Student Union |access-date=2008-09-08 |url=http://union.brandeis.edu/bylaws.php#8 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703224010/http://union.brandeis.edu/bylaws.php |archive-date=July 3, 2008 }}</ref> Security escort services are provided around the campus and into Waltham by the student-run "Branvan," which runs on a daily schedule from 4:00 pm to 2:30 am on weekdays and from 12:00 pm to 2:30 am on weekends. The university is {{convert|9|mi|km}} west of Boston and is accessible through [[Brandeis/Roberts (MBTA station)|Brandeis/Roberts station]] on the [[Fitchburg Line|Fitchburg Commuter Rail Line]], a free shuttle that services Boston and Cambridge ([[Harvard Square]]) Thursday through Sunday,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brandeis.edu/publicsafety/safety/escort/schedule.html |title=Van and Shuttle Service |access-date=6 December 2008 |work=Department of Public Safety |publisher=Brandeis University}}</ref> the nearby [[Riverside (MBTA station)|Riverside subway station]] (above ground) on the [[Green Line (MBTA)|Green Line]], and the 553 [[MBTA bus]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mbta.com/schedules_and_maps/bus/routes/?route=553 |title=553 – Roberts – Downtown Boston via Newton Corner & Central Sq., Waltham |access-date=6 December 2008 |work=MBTA}}</ref> ==Wien International Scholarship== Wien International Scholarship<ref>{{cite web |title= Wien International Scholarship Program |work= Brandeis University |url= http://www.brandeis.edu/wien/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120319233452/http://www.brandeis.edu/wien/ |archive-date= March 19, 2012 }}</ref> was instituted by Brandeis University for international undergraduate students. It was established in 1958 by [[Lawrence Wien|Lawrence A.]] and Mae Wien. The family had three objectives: to further international understanding, to provide foreign students an opportunity to study in the United States, and to enrich the intellectual and cultural life at Brandeis. The Wien Scholarship offers full or partial tuition awards; these awards are need-based and require the applicants to present outstanding academic and personal achievement. Each year, the recipients of the scholarship take a week-long tour of a destination in the United States. In previous years, the students have visited the United Nations in New York City, and did relief work in New Orleans following [[Hurricane Katrina]]. In April 2008, the university hosted a three-day-long celebration for the 50th anniversary of the program. ==See also== {{Portal|United States|Schools}} *[[List of Brandeis University people]] *[[National Center for Jewish Film]] *[[Rosenstiel Award]] * [[Our Generation Speaks]] {{Clear}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * Pasternack, Susan, and Ralph Norman. ''From the Beginning: A Picture History of the First Four Decades of Brandeis University'' (1988) * Sachar, Abram L. ''Brandeis University: A Host at Last'' (1995), Scholarly history of the school * Whitfield, Stephen J., and Jonathan B. Krasner. "Jewish Liberalism and Racial Grievance in the Sixties: The Ordeal of Brandeis University," ''Modern Judaism,'' (Feb. 2015) 35#1 pp: 18–41. == External links == {{commons category|Brandeis University}} *{{official website|http://www.brandeis.edu/}} *[http://www.brandeisjudges.com/ Official athletics website] *[http://www.thejustice.org/ Website of ''The Justice'' campus newspaper] {{Coord|42.365664|-71.259742|region:US_type:edu|display=title}} {{Brandeis University}} {{University Athletic Association navbox}} {{Colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston}} {{Association of American Universities}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Brandeis University| ]] [[Category:Private universities and colleges in Massachusetts]] [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1948]] [[Category:Jewish education in Massachusetts]] [[Category:Jewish universities and colleges in the United States]] [[Category:Jews and Judaism in Massachusetts]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Waltham, Massachusetts]] [[Category:Universities and colleges in Middlesex County, Massachusetts]] [[Category:1948 establishments in Massachusetts]]'