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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|Australian performance show}}
{{hatnote|"POTP" redirects here.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{italic title}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox play
| name = Puppetry of the Penis
| image = File:Puppetry of the Penis 2019 Glastonbury Festival 01 crop.jpg|thumb|
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Simon Morley & David Friend, Puppetry of the Penis, [[Glastonbury Festival]], 2019
| writer = Simon Morley & David Friend
| chorus =
| characters =
| mute =
| setting =
| premiere = {{Start date|df=yes|1996}}
| place = [[Melbourne International Comedy Festival]], [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]], Australia
| orig_lang = English
| series =
| subject =
| genre =
| web = http://www.puppetryofthepenis.com/
}}
'''''Puppetry of the Penis''''' is a comedic live [[Performance art|performance-art]] show featuring a series of [[Adult puppeteering|genital contortions]]. The show was initially conceived as the title of a highbrow art [[calendar]] released by Australian Simon Morley in 1996.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Kovacs|first=Clare|date=2006|title=Puppetry of the Penis: A Deconstruction of the Phallus as Weapon|journal=Athanor|volume=24|pages=73–79}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis {{!}} The Sit Down Comedy Club|url=https://www.standup.com.au/comedian/puppetry-penis|access-date=2021-06-08|website=www.standup.com.au}}</ref> The calendar showcased twelve penis "installations" (the manipulation of male genitalia into a variety of recognisable forms).<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis|url=https://www.australianstage.com.au/200804121353/reviews/micf/puppetry-of-the-penis.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=www.australianstage.com.au|language=en-GB}}</ref> In response to increasing requests for live demonstrations, in 1997 Morley enlisted fellow Australian, David “Friendy” Friend, to devise a performance show consisting of body-based genital comedy.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Costello|first=Becca|date=2005|title=Move over, Bacon! Puppetry of the Penis meets male nudity taboos head on|url=https://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/content/move-over-bacon/14187/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-08|website=Sacramento News & Review|language=en}}</ref>
The show involves two nude men who bend, twist, and fold their penises and scrotums into various shapes.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|last=Weber|first=Bruce|date=2001-10-08|title=THEATER REVIEW; A Couple of Naked Guys From Australia|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/08/theater/theater-review-a-couple-of-naked-guys-from-australia.html|access-date=2021-06-08|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The theatrical contortion of the male genitalia ([[penis]], [[scrotum]], and [[testicles]]) accompanied by comedic narration has since spread internationally. It is humorously termed "Dick Trick"<ref name=":25">{{Cite journal|last=Reiner|first=Jay|date=20 August 2002|title='Puppetry of the Penis'|journal=Hollywood Reporter|volume=374|issue=42}}</ref> or "genital origami," referring to the flexibility of the human penis, testicles and scrotum.
''Puppetry of the Penis'' was first performed on stage at the 1998 [[Melbourne International Comedy Festival]] in [[Australia]], featuring the creators, Morley and Friend, as the premiere cast.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Criscitiello|first=Alexa|title=PUPPETRY OF THE PENIS Announces Best Bits Tour|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/adelaide/article/PUPPETRY-OF-THE-PENIS-Announces-Best-Bits-Tour-20200121|access-date=2021-06-08|website=BroadwayWorld.com|language=en}}</ref> The show has since appeared on the international stage, featuring productions in Australia, New Zealand, the UK, Europe, Canada, the United States, South Africa and Argentina.<ref name=":1" /> The initial Australian tour was the subject of Australian comedian [[Mick Molloy]]'s 2000 documentary ''[[Tackle Happy]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|last1=Gowen|first1=Annie|last2=Miller|first2=Nicole M.|date=2003-07-17|title='Puppetry': Private Parts as Public Art|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2003/07/17/puppetry-private-parts-as-public-art/a09e756e-8d8b-4e8f-9eb9-a4947fbd3f95/|access-date=2021-06-08|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> The duo has recruited supporting production teams and actors across Australia, the UK and the U.S., allowing international performance demands to be met. Due to the success of the show, the business was expanded to cater for private parties around Australia.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=ADCOCK|first=JOE|date=2003-08-09|title='Puppetry of the Penis' draws the gals|url=https://www.seattlepi.com/entertainment/article/Puppetry-of-the-Penis-draws-the-gals-1121322.php|access-date=2021-06-08|website=seattlepi.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
A ''Puppetry of the Penis'' TV special has aired in Australia on [[One Australia (TV channel)|One]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2012/03/comedy-nights-on-one.html |title=Comedy nights on ONE |publisher=TV Tonight|author=David Knox |date=2012-03-27 |accessdate=2012-08-04}}</ref> The show was covered in the ''[[Penn & Teller: Bullshit!]]'' episode, "Sex, Sex, Sex".
== Background ==
In 1996, Australian comedian Simon Morley created an art calendar that showcased close-up images of twelve penis ‘installations’.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The concept was based on Morley and his youngest brother’s creation of a series of party tricks involving various contortions of their genitalia.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|last=Boyle|first=Bridget|date=2015-01-02|title=Take me seriously. Now laugh at me! How gender influences the creation of contemporary physical comedy|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2040610X.2015.1028167|journal=Comedy Studies|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=78–90|doi=10.1080/2040610X.2015.1028167|s2cid=143707620|issn=2040-610X}}</ref> In order to market the calendars, Morley devised a live routine.<ref name=":3" /> Morley’s first demonstration, held in a garage in 1997, was received well by audience members, and encouraged him to pursue the creation of a stage show in which to showcase the tricks.<ref name=":3" /> Morley originally intended to recruit his brother to perform the act alongside him, however he had already committed to a part on the Australian TV show Neighbours.<ref name=":23">{{Cite news|last=Ham|first=Larissa|date=Jan 23, 2017|title=Think inside the tiny box ... right inside it: MY SMALL BUSINESS|work=Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=}}</ref> Morley enlisted David “Friendy” Friend, a Melbourne resident who had previously run a small entertainment business that catered to bachelorette parties, as his stage partner, and together they developed a [[comedy routine]] based on Morley’s original concept.<ref name=":23" /> The title of the calendar, 'Puppetry of the Penis’, was the inspiration for the title of the subsequent performance show, which featured a repertoire of similar contortions.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Stephens|first=Elizabeth|date=2007|title=The Spectacularized Penis: Contemporary Representations of the Phallic Male Body|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1097184X07299332|journal=Men and Masculinities|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=85–98|doi=10.1177/1097184X07299332|s2cid=144760839|issn=1097-184X}}</ref>
== Summary ==
The run-time for the performance is approximately one hour.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Theatre review: Puppetry of the Penis at Regent Theatre, Ispwich|url=https://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/puppetry-rev|access-date=2021-06-08|website=British Theatre Guide|language=en-GB}}</ref> The main acts are preceded by a 25 minute [[stand-up comedy]] act, with varying comedians in different productions.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9" /> The majority of the show features a series of ‘tricks’, which are manipulations of the actors’ penises into various forms.<ref name=":8" /> The creators describe this as “genital origami”.<ref name=":8" /> The contortions simulate commonly identifiable shapes, such as objects, architecture and people.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|title=Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture|work=Federal Communications Commission|url=https://transition.fcc.gov/eb/Orders/2004/FCC-04-16A1.html|access-date=19 May 2021}}</ref> The tricks include the Big Mac, the Loch Ness Monster, the wristwatch, the pelican, the Eiffel Tower, the hamburger, the bulldog, the windsurfer and others.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":25" /><ref name=":26">{{Cite journal|last=Hornby|first=Richard|date=2002|title=Ruth Draper|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3852862|journal=The Hudson Review|volume=55|issue=1|pages=123–129|doi=10.2307/3852862|jstor=3852862}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite news|last=Barrell|first=Sarah|date=22 September 2000|title=Arts: The Main Event - Physical graffiti from down under; PUPPETRY OF THE PENIS WHITEHALL THEATRE LONDON|work=The Independent}}</ref> The show consists of approximately 45 of the genital manipulations, accompanied by sound effects and comedic narration.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":24" />
The performers wear only sneakers and velvet magician's capes<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":24" /> and stand with their backs to the audience.<ref name=":8" /> A large-screen live-action projection is used to allow audiences to view the acts close-up.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> The installations are projected, 20 times life size, onto an upstage screen for audience viewing.<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":7" /> The show also includes a brief instructional demonstration for audiences to replicate the contortions,<ref name=":1" /> as well as an audience participation segment.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":24" />
=== Tricks ===
Their tricks include:
*Wind Up
*Atomic Mushroom
*Wristwatch
*Snail
*Three-Wood
*Parachute
*Eiffel-Tower
*Hamburger
*Hot Dog
*Pelican
*Fruit Bat
*Windsurfer
*G-String
*Brain
*Weed-Snipper
*Loch Ness Monster
*The Guy Pierce
*Wedding Ring
*The Woman
*The Other Woman
*Mollusc
*Baby Bird
*Flying Squirrel
==Productions==
=== Australian Productions ===
[[File:Melbourne International Comedy Festival Forum Theatre.jpg|thumb|]]
The show debuted in 1998 at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival to sold out audiences,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":23" /> where it won the “Outright Best Show” award.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|last=Schuster|first=Eli|date=2001|title=The Art of Shamelessness|journal=Alberta Report|volume=28|issue=10|pages=43}}</ref> The success of the initial performance prompted an eight-month tour of Australia that covered 20,000 kilometres.<ref name=":0" /> The national tour was captured in the 2000 documentary ''Tackle Happy'', directed by comedian Mick Molloy.<ref name=":6" />
''Puppetry of the Penis'' returned to tour Australia on March 30 2001, with a new cast comprising of Daniel Lewry, Steve Harrison and Jim MacGregor, under the management of Ross Mollison Productions.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis|url=https://www.ausstage.edu.au/pages/work/2240#|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.ausstage.edu.au}}</ref> It ran from 30 March 2001 to the 20 May 2001 at the [[Forum Theatre]] in Melbourne, hosted by the Melbourne International Comedy Festival. The tour continued in July at [[Her Majesty's Theatre, Adelaide|Her Majesty’s Theatre]] in Adelaide and in October at the Footbridge Theatre at the [[University of Sydney|University of Sydney.]] In 2002 ''Puppetry of the Penis'' performed at [[Riverside Theatres Parramatta|Riverside Theatre]] in Paramatta, the Playhouse Theatre in Canberra, the IMB Theatre in Wollongong, [[The Tivoli|Tivoli Theatre]] in Bowen Hills, Brolga Theatre in Maryborough, [[Pilbeam Theatre]] in Rockhampton and [[Enmore Theatre]] in Sydney. The show appeared again at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in April 2002, with performers Brett Hartin and Richard Sutherland. In 2003 ''Puppetry of the Penis'' was hosted in Armidale at the University of New England Arts Theatre and the Orange Civic Theatre in Orange before returning to the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in March 2003, with a new [[Director's cut|Director’s Cut]] version of the production, featuring performers Brett Hartin and Aaron Bloomfield. The ''Puppetry of the Penis'' Director’s Cut tour continued in Australia throughout 2003 and 2004, adding to the cast performer Barry Brisco from New York and featuring the return of Morley and Friend from their U.S. tour. The show briefly halted touring in Australia, temporarily reopening in April 2006 at [[Canberra Theatre|the Canberra Theatre]] in Canberra and in March 2007 at the Enmore Theatre in Sydney. The show continued to perform each year at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival, hosted at the [[Melbourne Athenaeum|Athenaeum Theatre]], produced by A-List Entertainment production company. In 2008 ''Puppetry of the Penis'' premiered at the [[Adelaide Fringe|Adelaide Fringe Festival]] at the Royalty Theatre, which has hosted the show in subsequent years.<ref name=":12" />
=== Overseas Productions ===
[[File:Puppetry of the Penis Flyer.jpg|thumb|]]
In 2000, the creators performed the show at the Edinburgh International Fringe Festival, which was positively received by audiences.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> The show was then booked by a West End producer for a five-week run at London’s [[Whitehall Theatre]], but numerous extensions led to the completion of a six-month tour in London’s [[West End of London|West End]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":23" /> This was followed by performances in New Zealand, Canada, the United States, Spain, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Norway, The Netherlands, Argentina, Switzerland and Iceland.<ref name=":1" />
In 2001, Morley and Friend licensed the show to local production company Mollison Productions, which produced seven supporting companies and a troupe of actors to assist with international performance demands and tours.<ref name=":28">{{Cite web|last=Donovan|first=Patrick|date=2005-03-24|title=Puppets well-hung for good|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/puppets-well-hung-for-good-20050324-gdzuhr.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-11|website=The Age|language=en}}</ref> On October 5 2001 ''Puppetry of the Penis'' made its New York debut at the [[John Houseman|John Houseman Theatre]] on New York’s [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42<sup>nd</sup> Street]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis|url=http://www.iobdb.com/Production/20|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.iobdb.com}}</ref> The show was produced Thomas Milazzo and Ross Mollison of Mollison Productions. The original creators, Morley and Friend, starred in the production, which featured an opening stand-up comedy act by Wendy Vousden. The production ran successfully for over a year, closing on November 3 2002.<ref name=":12" />
In 2003, the duo licensed the show to Foster Entertainment in the U.S.<ref name=":28" /> ''Puppetry of the Penis'', presented by David Foster of Foster Entertainment and Simon Morley, returned to New York's 42<sup>nd</sup> Street on August 4 2009 at the [[Bleecker Street Theater|Bleecker Street Theatre]].<ref name=":29">{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis|url=http://www.iobdb.com/Production/4913|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.iobdb.com}}</ref> The cast consisted of Rich Binning and Gavin Stewart, with opening acts by [[Rachel Feinstein (comedian)|Rachel Feinstein]], Giulia Rozzi and [[Amy Schumer|Amy Schumer.]] The show, originally intending to end on August 30, extended its [[Off-Broadway]] engagement and ran until October 4 2009.<ref name=":29" /> Bleecker Street Theatre hosted a subsequent 8 week run of the show from July 13 2010 to September 4 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis|url=http://www.iobdb.com/Production/5102|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.iobdb.com}}</ref>
[[File:Grand Opera House Belfast.jpg|thumb|]]
The production has also established a flagship show in [[Las Vegas]], which runs 5 nights a week at The Jewel Box Theatre in The Erotic Heritage Museum.<ref name=":23" /> At one stage, the ''Puppetry of the Penis'' production managed eight franchises across the globe.<ref name=":23" /> The show has performed in a diverse range of venues during the course of its international tours. The UK tour included performances at the [[Grand Opera House, Belfast|Grand Opera House]] in Belfast and the Arts Centre in New Milton.<ref name=":9" /> As of 2003, the show had played in over 15 private venues in the U.S., with the country-run theatre in [[Rosslyn, Virginia|Rosslyn]] being the first public arts facility in the country to host the show.<ref name=":6" /> ''Puppetry of the Penis'' has grossed over fifty million dollars,<ref name=":1" /> and performed in 35 countries in six different languages.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":28" />
== Reception ==
''Puppetry of the Penis'' has been noted for its controversial material amongst theatre critics and journalists. In a review of the production at the Whitehall Theatre in London, published in [[The Independent]], Sarah Barrell said "[the show] is certainly one of the more playfully subversive pieces of theatre to come within reach of the capital's centres of power".<ref name=":24" />
The show has received positive reviews from major international news outlets. Lyn Gardner of [[The Guardian]] called the production a “gently witty, surprisingly charming little show”, and remarked that the material was handled with “a high degree of decorum”.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2000-08-07|title=Comedy review: Edinburgh festival: Puppetry of the Penis|url=http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/aug/08/artsfeatures.edinburghfestival20004|access-date=2021-06-08|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> British critic Jill Sharp called the show a “theatrical extravaganza, celebrating with tongue-in-cheek innocence the flexibility of the phallus”.<ref name=":22" /> [[The Washington Post]] noted the performers’ “irrepressible wit… [they] will leave you laughing ridiculously”.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|date=2004-08-25|title=Puppetry of the Penis survives|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/puppetry-of-the-penis-survives-20040826-gdyitr.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=The Age|language=en}}</ref> [[The New York Times]] said, “it ingeniously emphasises the aspect of pure play in material that is normally sexually charged”.<ref name=":13" />
Other reviews were less favourable, criticising the show for its sexually graphic subject material. Conservative art critic [[Roger Kimball]] of the [[The New Criterion|New Criterion]] magazine called the production as “a juvenile example of the normalisation of deviance”, likening it to toilet humour.<ref name=":11" /> Kimball said that the show was nothing more than a repulsive “publicity stunt”.<ref name=":11" />
== Controversy ==
=== Production Bans ===
Performance shows outside the [[pornography industry]] that feature genitalia risk breaching [[obscenity laws]], even when legitimatised as genuine works of art.<ref name=":14">{{Cite book|last=Meecham|first=Pam|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55105525|title=Modern art : a critical introduction|date=2005|publisher=Routledge|others=Julie Sheldon|isbn=0-415-28193-8|edition=2nd|location=London|oclc=55105525}}</ref> The ''Puppetry of the Penis'' production employs practical measures, such as having performers stand with their backs to the audience, in order to avoid claims of public obscenity, and to enable the show to be performed in mainstream and civic theatres.<ref name=":8" /> In its production history, the show has faced bans from several international venues on the grounds of [[Indecency law|indecency]].<ref name=":14" />
==== New Zealand ====
In May 2002, ''Puppetry of the Penis'' was banned from performing at the [[Royal Whanganui Opera House|Royal Wanganui Opera House]], New Zealand. The mayor, [[Chas Poynter]], said “the community is aghast and upset about this show”.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|date=2002-05-10|title=New Zealand bans penis puppetry|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/new-zealand-bans-penis-puppetry-20020510-gdu6z4.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=The Age|language=en}}</ref> While the council was not able to prohibit performances of the show in other venues in the municipal, city authorities retained the power to ban the production at the civic opera house.<ref name=":15" />
==== Queensland ====
In June 2002, the show was barred from being staged in civic theatres in the [[Cairns]] and [[Bundaberg|Bundaberg Councils]] in Queensland. Despite reviewing the ban at the request of Executive Producer Thomas Milazzo, the councils ultimately refused to allow the show to use their facilities. In regard to the decision, Bundaberg mayor Kay McDuff said the show was not “appropriate” for the Bundaberg civic theatres.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-06-15|title=Queensland cities first to ban penis show|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/queensland-cities-first-to-ban-penis-show-20020615-gduavm.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=The Age|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-05-23|title=Qld bans penis puppetry|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/qld-bans-penis-puppetry-20020523-gdfayq.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref>
==== The United States ====
In October 2002, Friend and Morley appeared as guests on [[The Tonight Show with Jay Leno]] to promote their U.S. tour. The U.S. television network [[NBC]] permitted the broadcast despite protests from religious groups.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|date=2002-10-11|title=Penis puppeteers create a stir|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/penis-puppeteers-create-a-stir-20021011-gdfpox.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref> Due to controversies surrounding the show, Salt Lake City’s NBC affiliate station, which is owned by [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], refused to broadcast the program.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":16" />
In August 2004, during a U.S. tour of the production, Chicago Citizens for Community advocacy group filed a complaint, claiming that the show was “illegal and subject to law enforcement”.<ref name=":13" /> The Chicago Police ignored protests to ban the performance.<ref name=":13" />
=== Legal Disputes ===
==== Broadcast Indecency ====
[[File:FCC Logo.jpg|thumb|]]
On October 4, 2002, Morley and Friend were interviewed on [[KRON-TV]]’s Morning News show to promote performances of ''Puppetry of the Penis'' in San Francisco.<ref name=":17">{{Cite journal|last=Levi|first=Lili|date=2013|title='Smut and Nothing But': The FCC, Indecency, and Regulatory Transformations in the Shadows|url=http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2230027|journal=SSRN Electronic Journal|language=en|doi=10.2139/ssrn.2230027|issn=1556-5068}}</ref> The duo appeared dressed only in capes and during the course of the live broadcast, one of the performers momentarily exposed his penis.<ref name=":28" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite book|last=Chris|first=Cynthia|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1124761748|title=The indecent screen : regulating television in the twenty-first century|date=2018|isbn=978-0-8135-9408-8|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey|oclc=1124761748}}</ref> The Enforcement Bureau of the [[Federal Communications Commission|U.S. Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) received a complaint from a viewer<ref name=":10" /> and launched an investigation into alleged television broadcast indecency. The FCC concluded that [[Young Broadcasting San Francisco|Young Broadcasting]] of San Francisco, KRON-TV’s proprietor, was liable for a fine of $27,000 for violating federal restrictions regarding the broadcast of indecent material.<ref name=":10" /> This was the maximum fine for a breach of this nature.<ref name=":28" /><ref name=":18" /> The Commission rejected Young Broadcasting’s claims of bona-fide news coverage immunity, on the grounds that the puppetry “display was not incidental to the coverage of a news event”.<ref name=":17" /> The station issued a press release apologising for the incident and paid the fee.<ref name=":18" />
==== Advertising Standards ====
In February 2012, the [[Advertising Standards Bureau (Australia)|Australian Advertising Standards Bureau]] received a complaint regarding a billboard advertising ''Puppetry of the Penis'' at the [[Twelfth Night Theatre]] in Bowen Hills, Brisbane.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|last=Fuller|first=Peta|date=2012-02-20|title=Advertising Standards Bureau to review Puppetry of the Penis billboard after complaint|url=https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/advertising-standards-bureau-to-review-puppetry-of-the-penis-billboard-after-complaint/news-story/d07c7db0e5fc991af5ea6e6a3c24269e|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-08|website=NewsComAu|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite news|date=2012|title=Puppetry of the Penis ad complaint|work=B & T Weekly}}</ref> While the ad featured no nudity, the complainant protested the “thrusting of the male genital part into the public area”.<ref name=":20" /> The ASB deemed the use of anatomical words acceptable in the context and the complaint was dismissed.<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012|title=Review of Operations: 2012|url=https://adstandards.com.au/sites/default/files/2012_review_of_operations_web.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=17 April 2021|website=Advertising Standards Bureau}}</ref>
== Analysis ==
The use of comedy as a method of subverting or critiquing traditional assumptions and social dynamics has been commented on by several theorists.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":8" /> ''Puppetry of the Penis'' uses theatrical and [[absurdist humour]] to deconstruct conventional representations of male genitalia.<ref name=":2" /> The show reduces the penis to a malleable object for the purposes of comedy, disassociating it from the [[taboo]] of [[Masculinity|sex and masculinity]].<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":26" /> Theatre critic Joe Adcock wrote in his review of the performance “The strictures of genteel decorum are violated. And so are the dogmas of smut".<ref name=":7" />
Critics and academics note that ''Puppetry of the Penis'' possesses a cultural value beyond its outwardly superficial subject matter.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":22" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":26" /><ref name=":27">{{Cite book|last=Filippo|first=Maria San|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctv1b742d7|title=Provocauteurs and Provocations: Screening Sex in 21st Century Media|date=2021-02-02|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-05213-1|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1b742d7}}</ref> The show demystifies and demythologises the male sexual organ by displaying it with hyper-visibility and boldness.<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":27" /> In her book, Maria San Filippo states that displaying the penis “to spectacular effect ultimately renders it de-fetishized”.<ref name=":27" /> She comments that in ''Puppetry of the Penis'', the phallus is desexualised and separated from its traditional symbolic connotations, instead becoming purely a source of amusement.<ref name=":27" />
Academic [[Elizabeth Stephens]] notes that ''Puppetry of the Penis'' represents a change in the “representability” of the penis, with its contortions rendering the organ as "humiliated, tortured or laughed at".<ref name=":8" /> She writes that while the penis is noticeably visible in the show, the phallus appears only in a distorted form, making it unrecognisable as a penis.<ref name=":8" /> According to Stephens, “this freakshow spectacularization of the penis, in which it becomes visible only to be constituted as an object of ridicule or amusement… represents anxieties about the role of the penis in the construction of masculinity”.<ref name=":8" /> Stephens states that ''Puppetry of the Penis'' deconstructs traditional assumptions about the phallus and its symbolic attachment to masculinity.<ref name=":8" />
Kovacs discusses the subversion of traditional phallic symbolism that ''Puppetry of the Penis'' presents in its performances.<ref name=":1" /> She comments that conventional representations of the penis allude to power, dominance and violence, and states that the show “challenges preconceived notions of the penis and its function as an object of sexuality and symbol of power”.<ref name=":1" /> According to Kovacs, audiences are drawn to such productions as they challenge [[Social norm|social norms]] and transfer taboo subjects from the private sphere “and into the social realm through the agency of humour”.<ref name=":1" />
== Adaptations ==
=== Book Adaptation ===
The creators published an instructional book, entitled ''‘Puppetry of the Penis: The Ancient Art of Genital Origami''’, in 2000. It featured photographs, accompanied by illustrations and text, demonstrating how to replicate 26 of the installations.<ref name=":1" />
=== Director's Cut ===
A Director’s Cut version of the show was introduced at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in 2003. It featured new performers Brett Hartin and Aaron Bloomfield, and showcased home videos from the United States tour of the production.<ref name=":12" /> Subsequent performances began with a multi-media presentation of the show’s development over the previous decade. They included video footage of original creators Morley and Friend on tour, performance highlights, and audience reactions.<ref name=":2" />
=== Documentary ===
The initial Australian national tour of ''Puppetry of the Penis'' was the subject of the documentary ''Tackle Happy'', directed and produced by Australian comedian Mick Molloy.<ref name=":6" /> The documentary focuses on the creators, Morley and Friend, and their production journey.<ref name=":21">{{Cite web|title=Tackle happy (E)|url=https://www.acmi.net.au/works/93689--tackle-happy-e/|access-date=2021-06-08|website=www.acmi.net.au|language=en}}</ref> It showcases the complications that the duo experienced during this time, including legal disputes, backstage tension and the difficulties of prolonged touring.<ref name=":21" /> The documentary is interspersed with dialogue from comedian [[Tony Martin (comedian)|Tony Martin]] and director Mick Molloy.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":21" />
== References ==
<references />
== External links ==
*{{Official website|www.puppetryofthepenis.com}}
{{Australia topics}}
{{Theatre}}
{{Comedy footer}}
{{Nudity}}
[[Category:Comedy theatre]]
[[Category:Theatre in Australia]]
[[Category:Human penis]]
[[Category:Puppetry]]
[[Category:Australian comedy]]
[[Category:Censorship in the arts]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in theatre]]
[[Category:Comedy]]
[[Category:Nudity in theatre and dance]]
[[Category:Performance art]]' |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{italic title}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox play
| name = Puppetry of the Penis
| image = File:Puppetry of the Penis 2019 Glastonbury Festival 01 crop.jpg|thumb|
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Simon Morley & David Friend, Puppetry of the Penis, [[Glastonbury Festival]], 2019
| writer = Simon Morley & David Friend
| chorus =
| characters =
| mute =
| setting =
| premiere = {{Start date|df=yes|1996}}
| place = [[Melbourne International Comedy Festival]], [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]], Australia
| orig_lang = English
| series =
| subject =
| genre =
| web = http://www.puppetryofthepenis.com/
}}
'''''Puppetry of the Penis''''' is a comedic live [[Performance art|performance-art]] show featuring a series of [[Adult puppeteering|genital contortions]]. The show was initially conceived as the title of a highbrow art [[calendar]] released by Australian Simon Morley in 1996.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Kovacs|first=Clare|date=2006|title=Puppetry of the Penis: A Deconstruction of the Phallus as Weapon|journal=Athanor|volume=24|pages=73–79}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis {{!}} The Sit Down Comedy Club|url=https://www.standup.com.au/comedian/puppetry-penis|access-date=2021-06-08|website=www.standup.com.au}}</ref> The calendar showcased twelve penis "installations" (the manipulation of male genitalia into a variety of recognisable forms).<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis|url=https://www.australianstage.com.au/200804121353/reviews/micf/puppetry-of-the-penis.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=www.australianstage.com.au|language=en-GB}}</ref> In response to increasing requests for live demonstrations, in 1997 Morley enlisted fellow Australian, David “Friendy” Friend, to devise a performance show consisting of body-based genital comedy.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Costello|first=Becca|date=2005|title=Move over, Bacon! Puppetry of the Penis meets male nudity taboos head on|url=https://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/content/move-over-bacon/14187/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-08|website=Sacramento News & Review|language=en}}</ref>
The show involves two nude men who bend, twist, and fold their penises and scrotums into various shapes.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|last=Weber|first=Bruce|date=2001-10-08|title=THEATER REVIEW; A Couple of Naked Guys From Australia|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/08/theater/theater-review-a-couple-of-naked-guys-from-australia.html|access-date=2021-06-08|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The theatrical contortion of the male genitalia ([[penis]], [[scrotum]], and [[testicles]]) accompanied by comedic narration has since spread internationally. It is humorously termed "Dick Trick"<ref name=":25">{{Cite journal|last=Reiner|first=Jay|date=20 August 2002|title='Puppetry of the Penis'|journal=Hollywood Reporter|volume=374|issue=42}}</ref> or "genital origami," referring to the flexibility of the human penis, testicles and scrotum.
''Puppetry of the Penis'' was first performed on stage at the 1998 [[Melbourne International Comedy Festival]] in [[Australia]], featuring the creators, Morley and Friend, as the premiere cast.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Criscitiello|first=Alexa|title=PUPPETRY OF THE PENIS Announces Best Bits Tour|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/adelaide/article/PUPPETRY-OF-THE-PENIS-Announces-Best-Bits-Tour-20200121|access-date=2021-06-08|website=BroadwayWorld.com|language=en}}</ref> The show has since appeared on the international stage, featuring productions in Australia, New Zealand, the UK, Europe, Canada, the United States, South Africa and Argentina.<ref name=":1" /> The initial Australian tour was the subject of Australian comedian [[Mick Molloy]]'s 2000 documentary ''[[Tackle Happy]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|last1=Gowen|first1=Annie|last2=Miller|first2=Nicole M.|date=2003-07-17|title='Puppetry': Private Parts as Public Art|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2003/07/17/puppetry-private-parts-as-public-art/a09e756e-8d8b-4e8f-9eb9-a4947fbd3f95/|access-date=2021-06-08|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> The duo has recruited supporting production teams and actors across Australia, the UK and the U.S., allowing international performance demands to be met. Due to the success of the show, the business was expanded to cater for private parties around Australia.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=ADCOCK|first=JOE|date=2003-08-09|title='Puppetry of the Penis' draws the gals|url=https://www.seattlepi.com/entertainment/article/Puppetry-of-the-Penis-draws-the-gals-1121322.php|access-date=2021-06-08|website=seattlepi.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
A ''Puppetry of the Penis'' TV special has aired in Australia on [[One Australia (TV channel)|One]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2012/03/comedy-nights-on-one.html |title=Comedy nights on ONE |publisher=TV Tonight|author=David Knox |date=2012-03-27 |accessdate=2012-08-04}}</ref> The show was covered in the ''[[Penn & Teller: Bullshit!]]'' episode, "Sex, Sex, Sex".
== Background ==
In 1996, Australian comedian Simon Morley created an art calendar that showcased close-up images of twelve penis ‘installations’.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The concept was based on Morley and his youngest brother’s creation of a series of party tricks involving various contortions of their genitalia.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|last=Boyle|first=Bridget|date=2015-01-02|title=Take me seriously. Now laugh at me! How gender influences the creation of contemporary physical comedy|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2040610X.2015.1028167|journal=Comedy Studies|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=78–90|doi=10.1080/2040610X.2015.1028167|s2cid=143707620|issn=2040-610X}}</ref> In order to market the calendars, Morley devised a live routine.<ref name=":3" /> Morley’s first demonstration, held in a garage in 1997, was received well by audience members, and encouraged him to pursue the creation of a stage show in which to showcase the tricks.<ref name=":3" /> Morley originally intended to recruit his brother to perform the act alongside him, however he had already committed to a part on the Australian TV show Neighbours.<ref name=":23">{{Cite news|last=Ham|first=Larissa|date=Jan 23, 2017|title=Think inside the tiny box ... right inside it: MY SMALL BUSINESS|work=Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=}}</ref> Morley enlisted David “Friendy” Friend, a Melbourne resident who had previously run a small entertainment business that catered to bachelorette parties, as his stage partner, and together they developed a [[comedy routine]] based on Morley’s original concept.<ref name=":23" /> The title of the calendar, 'Puppetry of the Penis’, was the inspiration for the title of the subsequent performance show, which featured a repertoire of similar contortions.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Stephens|first=Elizabeth|date=2007|title=The Spectacularized Penis: Contemporary Representations of the Phallic Male Body|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1097184X07299332|journal=Men and Masculinities|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=85–98|doi=10.1177/1097184X07299332|s2cid=144760839|issn=1097-184X}}</ref>
== Summary ==
The run-time for the performance is approximately one hour.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Theatre review: Puppetry of the Penis at Regent Theatre, Ispwich|url=https://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/puppetry-rev|access-date=2021-06-08|website=British Theatre Guide|language=en-GB}}</ref> The main acts are preceded by a 25 minute [[stand-up comedy]] act, with varying comedians in different productions.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9" /> The majority of the show features a series of ‘tricks’, which are manipulations of the actors’ penises into various forms.<ref name=":8" /> The creators describe this as “genital origami”.<ref name=":8" /> The contortions simulate commonly identifiable shapes, such as objects, architecture and people.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|title=Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture|work=Federal Communications Commission|url=https://transition.fcc.gov/eb/Orders/2004/FCC-04-16A1.html|access-date=19 May 2021}}</ref> The tricks include the Big Mac, the Loch Ness Monster, the wristwatch, the pelican, the Eiffel Tower, the hamburger, the bulldog, the windsurfer and others.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":25" /><ref name=":26">{{Cite journal|last=Hornby|first=Richard|date=2002|title=Ruth Draper|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3852862|journal=The Hudson Review|volume=55|issue=1|pages=123–129|doi=10.2307/3852862|jstor=3852862}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite news|last=Barrell|first=Sarah|date=22 September 2000|title=Arts: The Main Event - Physical graffiti from down under; PUPPETRY OF THE PENIS WHITEHALL THEATRE LONDON|work=The Independent}}</ref> The show consists of approximately 45 of the genital manipulations, accompanied by sound effects and comedic narration.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":24" />
The performers wear only sneakers and velvet magician's capes<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":24" /> and stand with their backs to the audience.<ref name=":8" /> A large-screen live-action projection is used to allow audiences to view the acts close-up.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> The installations are projected, 20 times life size, onto an upstage screen for audience viewing.<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":7" /> The show also includes a brief instructional demonstration for audiences to replicate the contortions,<ref name=":1" /> as well as an audience participation segment.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":24" />
=== Tricks ===
Their tricks include:
*Wind Up
*Atomic Mushroom
*Wristwatch
*Snail
*Three-Wood
*Parachute
*Eiffel-Tower
*Hamburger
*Hot Dog
*Pelican
*Fruit Bat
*Windsurfer
*G-String
*Brain
*Weed-Snipper
*Loch Ness Monster
*The Guy Pierce
*Wedding Ring
*The Woman
*The Other Woman
*Mollusc
*Baby Bird
*Flying Squirrel
==Productions==
=== Australian Productions ===
[[File:Melbourne International Comedy Festival Forum Theatre.jpg|thumb|The Melbourne International Comedy Festival at the Forum Theatre, where ''Puppetry of the Penis'' debuted]]
The show debuted in 1998 at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival to sold out audiences,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":23" /> where it won the “Outright Best Show” award.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|last=Schuster|first=Eli|date=2001|title=The Art of Shamelessness|journal=Alberta Report|volume=28|issue=10|pages=43}}</ref> The success of the initial performance prompted an eight-month tour of Australia that covered 20,000 kilometres.<ref name=":0" /> The national tour was captured in the 2000 documentary ''Tackle Happy'', directed by comedian Mick Molloy.<ref name=":6" />
''Puppetry of the Penis'' returned to tour Australia on March 30 2001, with a new cast comprising of Daniel Lewry, Steve Harrison and Jim MacGregor, under the management of Ross Mollison Productions.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis|url=https://www.ausstage.edu.au/pages/work/2240#|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.ausstage.edu.au}}</ref> It ran from 30 March 2001 to the 20 May 2001 at the [[Forum Theatre]] in Melbourne, hosted by the Melbourne International Comedy Festival. The tour continued in July at [[Her Majesty's Theatre, Adelaide|Her Majesty’s Theatre]] in Adelaide and in October at the Footbridge Theatre at the [[University of Sydney|University of Sydney.]] In 2002 ''Puppetry of the Penis'' performed at [[Riverside Theatres Parramatta|Riverside Theatre]] in Paramatta, the Playhouse Theatre in Canberra, the IMB Theatre in Wollongong, [[The Tivoli|Tivoli Theatre]] in Bowen Hills, Brolga Theatre in Maryborough, [[Pilbeam Theatre]] in Rockhampton and [[Enmore Theatre]] in Sydney. The show appeared again at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in April 2002, with performers Brett Hartin and Richard Sutherland. In 2003 ''Puppetry of the Penis'' was hosted in Armidale at the University of New England Arts Theatre and the Orange Civic Theatre in Orange before returning to the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in March 2003, with a new [[Director's cut|Director’s Cut]] version of the production, featuring performers Brett Hartin and Aaron Bloomfield. The ''Puppetry of the Penis'' Director’s Cut tour continued in Australia throughout 2003 and 2004, adding to the cast performer Barry Brisco from New York and featuring the return of Morley and Friend from their U.S. tour. The show briefly halted touring in Australia, temporarily reopening in April 2006 at [[Canberra Theatre|the Canberra Theatre]] in Canberra and in March 2007 at the Enmore Theatre in Sydney. The show continued to perform each year at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival, hosted at the [[Melbourne Athenaeum|Athenaeum Theatre]], produced by A-List Entertainment production company. In 2008 ''Puppetry of the Penis'' premiered at the [[Adelaide Fringe|Adelaide Fringe Festival]] at the Royalty Theatre, which has hosted the show in subsequent years.<ref name=":12" />
=== Overseas Productions ===
[[File:Puppetry of the Penis Flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer advertising ''Puppetry of the Penis'' at New York's Bleecker Street Theatre during its 2009 U.S. tour]]
In 2000, the creators performed the show at the Edinburgh International Fringe Festival, which was positively received by audiences.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> The show was then booked by a West End producer for a five-week run at London’s [[Whitehall Theatre]], but numerous extensions led to the completion of a six-month tour in London’s [[West End of London|West End]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":23" /> This was followed by performances in New Zealand, Canada, the United States, Spain, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Norway, The Netherlands, Argentina, Switzerland and Iceland.<ref name=":1" />
In 2001, Morley and Friend licensed the show to local production company Mollison Productions, which produced seven supporting companies and a troupe of actors to assist with international performance demands and tours.<ref name=":28">{{Cite web|last=Donovan|first=Patrick|date=2005-03-24|title=Puppets well-hung for good|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/puppets-well-hung-for-good-20050324-gdzuhr.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-11|website=The Age|language=en}}</ref> On October 5 2001 ''Puppetry of the Penis'' made its New York debut at the [[John Houseman|John Houseman Theatre]] on New York’s [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42<sup>nd</sup> Street]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis|url=http://www.iobdb.com/Production/20|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.iobdb.com}}</ref> The show was produced Thomas Milazzo and Ross Mollison of Mollison Productions. The original creators, Morley and Friend, starred in the production, which featured an opening stand-up comedy act by Wendy Vousden. The production ran successfully for over a year, closing on November 3 2002.<ref name=":12" />
In 2003, the duo licensed the show to Foster Entertainment in the U.S.<ref name=":28" /> ''Puppetry of the Penis'', presented by David Foster of Foster Entertainment and Simon Morley, returned to New York's 42<sup>nd</sup> Street on August 4 2009 at the [[Bleecker Street Theater|Bleecker Street Theatre]].<ref name=":29">{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis|url=http://www.iobdb.com/Production/4913|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.iobdb.com}}</ref> The cast consisted of Rich Binning and Gavin Stewart, with opening acts by [[Rachel Feinstein (comedian)|Rachel Feinstein]], Giulia Rozzi and [[Amy Schumer|Amy Schumer.]] The show, originally intending to end on August 30, extended its [[Off-Broadway]] engagement and ran until October 4 2009.<ref name=":29" /> Bleecker Street Theatre hosted a subsequent 8 week run of the show from July 13 2010 to September 4 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis|url=http://www.iobdb.com/Production/5102|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.iobdb.com}}</ref>
[[File:Grand Opera House Belfast.jpg|thumb|''Puppetry of the Penis'' performed at The Grand Opera House theatre in Belfast, Northern Ireland]]
The production has also established a flagship show in [[Las Vegas]], which runs 5 nights a week at The Jewel Box Theatre in The Erotic Heritage Museum.<ref name=":23" /> At one stage, the ''Puppetry of the Penis'' production managed eight franchises across the globe.<ref name=":23" /> The show has performed in a diverse range of venues during the course of its international tours. The UK tour included performances at the [[Grand Opera House, Belfast|Grand Opera House]] in Belfast and the Arts Centre in New Milton.<ref name=":9" /> As of 2003, the show had played in over 15 private venues in the U.S., with the country-run theatre in [[Rosslyn, Virginia|Rosslyn]] being the first public arts facility in the country to host the show.<ref name=":6" /> ''Puppetry of the Penis'' has grossed over fifty million dollars,<ref name=":1" /> and performed in 35 countries in six different languages.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":28" />
== Reception ==
''Puppetry of the Penis'' has been noted for its controversial material amongst theatre critics and journalists. In a review of the production at the Whitehall Theatre in London, published in [[The Independent]], Sarah Barrell said "[the show] is certainly one of the more playfully subversive pieces of theatre to come within reach of the capital's centres of power".<ref name=":24" />
The show has received positive reviews from major international news outlets. Lyn Gardner of [[The Guardian]] called the production a “gently witty, surprisingly charming little show”, and remarked that the material was handled with “a high degree of decorum”.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2000-08-07|title=Comedy review: Edinburgh festival: Puppetry of the Penis|url=http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/aug/08/artsfeatures.edinburghfestival20004|access-date=2021-06-08|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> British critic Jill Sharp called the show a “theatrical extravaganza, celebrating with tongue-in-cheek innocence the flexibility of the phallus”.<ref name=":22" /> [[The Washington Post]] noted the performers’ “irrepressible wit… [they] will leave you laughing ridiculously”.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|date=2004-08-25|title=Puppetry of the Penis survives|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/puppetry-of-the-penis-survives-20040826-gdyitr.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=The Age|language=en}}</ref> [[The New York Times]] said, “it ingeniously emphasises the aspect of pure play in material that is normally sexually charged”.<ref name=":13" />
Other reviews were less favourable, criticising the show for its sexually graphic subject material. Conservative art critic [[Roger Kimball]] of the [[The New Criterion|New Criterion]] magazine called the production as “a juvenile example of the normalisation of deviance”, likening it to toilet humour.<ref name=":11" /> Kimball said that the show was nothing more than a repulsive “publicity stunt”.<ref name=":11" />
== Controversy ==
=== Production Bans ===
Performance shows outside the [[pornography industry]] that feature genitalia risk breaching [[obscenity laws]], even when legitimatised as genuine works of art.<ref name=":14">{{Cite book|last=Meecham|first=Pam|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55105525|title=Modern art : a critical introduction|date=2005|publisher=Routledge|others=Julie Sheldon|isbn=0-415-28193-8|edition=2nd|location=London|oclc=55105525}}</ref> The ''Puppetry of the Penis'' production employs practical measures, such as having performers stand with their backs to the audience, in order to avoid claims of public obscenity, and to enable the show to be performed in mainstream and civic theatres.<ref name=":8" /> In its production history, the show has faced bans from several international venues on the grounds of [[Indecency law|indecency]].<ref name=":14" />
==== New Zealand ====
In May 2002, ''Puppetry of the Penis'' was banned from performing at the [[Royal Whanganui Opera House|Royal Wanganui Opera House]], New Zealand. The mayor, [[Chas Poynter]], said “the community is aghast and upset about this show”.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|date=2002-05-10|title=New Zealand bans penis puppetry|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/new-zealand-bans-penis-puppetry-20020510-gdu6z4.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=The Age|language=en}}</ref> While the council was not able to prohibit performances of the show in other venues in the municipal, city authorities retained the power to ban the production at the civic opera house.<ref name=":15" />
==== Queensland ====
In June 2002, the show was barred from being staged in civic theatres in the [[Cairns]] and [[Bundaberg|Bundaberg Councils]] in Queensland. Despite reviewing the ban at the request of Executive Producer Thomas Milazzo, the councils ultimately refused to allow the show to use their facilities. In regard to the decision, Bundaberg mayor Kay McDuff said the show was not “appropriate” for the Bundaberg civic theatres.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-06-15|title=Queensland cities first to ban penis show|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/queensland-cities-first-to-ban-penis-show-20020615-gduavm.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=The Age|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-05-23|title=Qld bans penis puppetry|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/qld-bans-penis-puppetry-20020523-gdfayq.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref>
==== The United States ====
In October 2002, Friend and Morley appeared as guests on [[The Tonight Show with Jay Leno]] to promote their U.S. tour. The U.S. television network [[NBC]] permitted the broadcast despite protests from religious groups.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|date=2002-10-11|title=Penis puppeteers create a stir|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/penis-puppeteers-create-a-stir-20021011-gdfpox.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref> Due to controversies surrounding the show, Salt Lake City’s NBC affiliate station, which is owned by [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], refused to broadcast the program.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":16" />
In August 2004, during a U.S. tour of the production, Chicago Citizens for Community advocacy group filed a complaint, claiming that the show was “illegal and subject to law enforcement”.<ref name=":13" /> The Chicago Police ignored protests to ban the performance.<ref name=":13" />
=== Legal Disputes ===
==== Broadcast Indecency ====
[[File:FCC Logo.jpg|thumb|The U.S. Federal Communications Commission investigated ''Puppetry of the Penis'' for broadcast indecency in 2002]]
On October 4, 2002, Morley and Friend were interviewed on [[KRON-TV]]’s Morning News show to promote performances of ''Puppetry of the Penis'' in San Francisco.<ref name=":17">{{Cite journal|last=Levi|first=Lili|date=2013|title='Smut and Nothing But': The FCC, Indecency, and Regulatory Transformations in the Shadows|url=http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2230027|journal=SSRN Electronic Journal|language=en|doi=10.2139/ssrn.2230027|issn=1556-5068}}</ref> The duo appeared dressed only in capes and during the course of the live broadcast, one of the performers momentarily exposed his penis.<ref name=":28" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite book|last=Chris|first=Cynthia|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1124761748|title=The indecent screen : regulating television in the twenty-first century|date=2018|isbn=978-0-8135-9408-8|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey|oclc=1124761748}}</ref> The Enforcement Bureau of the [[Federal Communications Commission|U.S. Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) received a complaint from a viewer<ref name=":10" /> and launched an investigation into alleged television broadcast indecency. The FCC concluded that [[Young Broadcasting San Francisco|Young Broadcasting]] of San Francisco, KRON-TV’s proprietor, was liable for a fine of $27,000 for violating federal restrictions regarding the broadcast of indecent material.<ref name=":10" /> This was the maximum fine for a breach of this nature.<ref name=":28" /><ref name=":18" /> The Commission rejected Young Broadcasting’s claims of bona-fide news coverage immunity, on the grounds that the puppetry “display was not incidental to the coverage of a news event”.<ref name=":17" /> The station issued a press release apologising for the incident and paid the fee.<ref name=":18" />
==== Advertising Standards ====
In February 2012, the [[Advertising Standards Bureau (Australia)|Australian Advertising Standards Bureau]] received a complaint regarding a billboard advertising ''Puppetry of the Penis'' at the [[Twelfth Night Theatre]] in Bowen Hills, Brisbane.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|last=Fuller|first=Peta|date=2012-02-20|title=Advertising Standards Bureau to review Puppetry of the Penis billboard after complaint|url=https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/advertising-standards-bureau-to-review-puppetry-of-the-penis-billboard-after-complaint/news-story/d07c7db0e5fc991af5ea6e6a3c24269e|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-08|website=NewsComAu|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite news|date=2012|title=Puppetry of the Penis ad complaint|work=B & T Weekly}}</ref> While the ad featured no nudity, the complainant protested the “thrusting of the male genital part into the public area”.<ref name=":20" /> The ASB deemed the use of anatomical words acceptable in the context and the complaint was dismissed.<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012|title=Review of Operations: 2012|url=https://adstandards.com.au/sites/default/files/2012_review_of_operations_web.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=17 April 2021|website=Advertising Standards Bureau}}</ref>
== Analysis ==
The use of comedy as a method of subverting or critiquing traditional assumptions and social dynamics has been commented on by several theorists.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":8" /> ''Puppetry of the Penis'' uses theatrical and [[absurdist humour]] to deconstruct conventional representations of male genitalia.<ref name=":2" /> The show reduces the penis to a malleable object for the purposes of comedy, disassociating it from the [[taboo]] of [[Masculinity|sex and masculinity]].<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":26" /> Theatre critic Joe Adcock wrote in his review of the performance “The strictures of genteel decorum are violated. And so are the dogmas of smut".<ref name=":7" />
Critics and academics note that ''Puppetry of the Penis'' possesses a cultural value beyond its outwardly superficial subject matter.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":22" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":26" /><ref name=":27">{{Cite book|last=Filippo|first=Maria San|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctv1b742d7|title=Provocauteurs and Provocations: Screening Sex in 21st Century Media|date=2021-02-02|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-05213-1|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1b742d7}}</ref> The show demystifies and demythologises the male sexual organ by displaying it with hyper-visibility and boldness.<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":27" /> In her book, Maria San Filippo states that displaying the penis “to spectacular effect ultimately renders it de-fetishized”.<ref name=":27" /> She comments that in ''Puppetry of the Penis'', the phallus is desexualised and separated from its traditional symbolic connotations, instead becoming purely a source of amusement.<ref name=":27" />
Academic [[Elizabeth Stephens]] notes that ''Puppetry of the Penis'' represents a change in the “representability” of the penis, with its contortions rendering the organ as "humiliated, tortured or laughed at".<ref name=":8" /> She writes that while the penis is noticeably visible in the show, the phallus appears only in a distorted form, making it unrecognisable as a penis.<ref name=":8" /> According to Stephens, “this freakshow spectacularization of the penis, in which it becomes visible only to be constituted as an object of ridicule or amusement… represents anxieties about the role of the penis in the construction of masculinity”.<ref name=":8" /> Stephens states that ''Puppetry of the Penis'' deconstructs traditional assumptions about the phallus and its symbolic attachment to masculinity.<ref name=":8" />
Kovacs discusses the subversion of traditional phallic symbolism that ''Puppetry of the Penis'' presents in its performances.<ref name=":1" /> She comments that conventional representations of the penis allude to power, dominance and violence, and states that the show “challenges preconceived notions of the penis and its function as an object of sexuality and symbol of power”.<ref name=":1" /> According to Kovacs, audiences are drawn to such productions as they challenge [[Social norm|social norms]] and transfer taboo subjects from the private sphere “and into the social realm through the agency of humour”.<ref name=":1" />
== Adaptations ==
=== Book Adaptation ===
The creators published an instructional book, entitled ''‘Puppetry of the Penis: The Ancient Art of Genital Origami''’, in 2000. It featured photographs, accompanied by illustrations and text, demonstrating how to replicate 26 of the installations.<ref name=":1" />
=== Director's Cut ===
A Director’s Cut version of the show was introduced at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in 2003. It featured new performers Brett Hartin and Aaron Bloomfield, and showcased home videos from the United States tour of the production.<ref name=":12" /> Subsequent performances began with a multi-media presentation of the show’s development over the previous decade. They included video footage of original creators Morley and Friend on tour, performance highlights, and audience reactions.<ref name=":2" />
=== Documentary ===
The initial Australian national tour of ''Puppetry of the Penis'' was the subject of the documentary ''Tackle Happy'', directed and produced by Australian comedian Mick Molloy.<ref name=":6" /> The documentary focuses on the creators, Morley and Friend, and their production journey.<ref name=":21">{{Cite web|title=Tackle happy (E)|url=https://www.acmi.net.au/works/93689--tackle-happy-e/|access-date=2021-06-08|website=www.acmi.net.au|language=en}}</ref> It showcases the complications that the duo experienced during this time, including legal disputes, backstage tension and the difficulties of prolonged touring.<ref name=":21" /> The documentary is interspersed with dialogue from comedian [[Tony Martin (comedian)|Tony Martin]] and director Mick Molloy.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":21" />
== References ==
<references />
== External links ==
*{{Official website|www.puppetryofthepenis.com}}
{{Australia topics}}
{{Theatre}}
{{Comedy footer}}
{{Nudity}}
[[Category:Comedy theatre]]
[[Category:Theatre in Australia]]
[[Category:Human penis]]
[[Category:Puppetry]]
[[Category:Australian comedy]]
[[Category:Censorship in the arts]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in theatre]]
[[Category:Comedy]]
[[Category:Nudity in theatre and dance]]
[[Category:Performance art]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -70,5 +70,5 @@
=== Australian Productions ===
-[[File:Melbourne International Comedy Festival Forum Theatre.jpg|thumb|]]
+[[File:Melbourne International Comedy Festival Forum Theatre.jpg|thumb|The Melbourne International Comedy Festival at the Forum Theatre, where ''Puppetry of the Penis'' debuted]]
The show debuted in 1998 at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival to sold out audiences,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":23" /> where it won the “Outright Best Show” award.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|last=Schuster|first=Eli|date=2001|title=The Art of Shamelessness|journal=Alberta Report|volume=28|issue=10|pages=43}}</ref> The success of the initial performance prompted an eight-month tour of Australia that covered 20,000 kilometres.<ref name=":0" /> The national tour was captured in the 2000 documentary ''Tackle Happy'', directed by comedian Mick Molloy.<ref name=":6" />
@@ -76,5 +76,5 @@
=== Overseas Productions ===
-[[File:Puppetry of the Penis Flyer.jpg|thumb|]]
+[[File:Puppetry of the Penis Flyer.jpg|thumb|Flyer advertising ''Puppetry of the Penis'' at New York's Bleecker Street Theatre during its 2009 U.S. tour]]
In 2000, the creators performed the show at the Edinburgh International Fringe Festival, which was positively received by audiences.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> The show was then booked by a West End producer for a five-week run at London’s [[Whitehall Theatre]], but numerous extensions led to the completion of a six-month tour in London’s [[West End of London|West End]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":23" /> This was followed by performances in New Zealand, Canada, the United States, Spain, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Norway, The Netherlands, Argentina, Switzerland and Iceland.<ref name=":1" />
@@ -83,5 +83,5 @@
In 2003, the duo licensed the show to Foster Entertainment in the U.S.<ref name=":28" /> ''Puppetry of the Penis'', presented by David Foster of Foster Entertainment and Simon Morley, returned to New York's 42<sup>nd</sup> Street on August 4 2009 at the [[Bleecker Street Theater|Bleecker Street Theatre]].<ref name=":29">{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis|url=http://www.iobdb.com/Production/4913|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.iobdb.com}}</ref> The cast consisted of Rich Binning and Gavin Stewart, with opening acts by [[Rachel Feinstein (comedian)|Rachel Feinstein]], Giulia Rozzi and [[Amy Schumer|Amy Schumer.]] The show, originally intending to end on August 30, extended its [[Off-Broadway]] engagement and ran until October 4 2009.<ref name=":29" /> Bleecker Street Theatre hosted a subsequent 8 week run of the show from July 13 2010 to September 4 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puppetry of the Penis|url=http://www.iobdb.com/Production/5102|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.iobdb.com}}</ref>
-[[File:Grand Opera House Belfast.jpg|thumb|]]
+[[File:Grand Opera House Belfast.jpg|thumb|''Puppetry of the Penis'' performed at The Grand Opera House theatre in Belfast, Northern Ireland]]
The production has also established a flagship show in [[Las Vegas]], which runs 5 nights a week at The Jewel Box Theatre in The Erotic Heritage Museum.<ref name=":23" /> At one stage, the ''Puppetry of the Penis'' production managed eight franchises across the globe.<ref name=":23" /> The show has performed in a diverse range of venues during the course of its international tours. The UK tour included performances at the [[Grand Opera House, Belfast|Grand Opera House]] in Belfast and the Arts Centre in New Milton.<ref name=":9" /> As of 2003, the show had played in over 15 private venues in the U.S., with the country-run theatre in [[Rosslyn, Virginia|Rosslyn]] being the first public arts facility in the country to host the show.<ref name=":6" /> ''Puppetry of the Penis'' has grossed over fifty million dollars,<ref name=":1" /> and performed in 35 countries in six different languages.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":28" />
@@ -112,5 +112,5 @@
==== Broadcast Indecency ====
-[[File:FCC Logo.jpg|thumb|]]
+[[File:FCC Logo.jpg|thumb|The U.S. Federal Communications Commission investigated ''Puppetry of the Penis'' for broadcast indecency in 2002]]
On October 4, 2002, Morley and Friend were interviewed on [[KRON-TV]]’s Morning News show to promote performances of ''Puppetry of the Penis'' in San Francisco.<ref name=":17">{{Cite journal|last=Levi|first=Lili|date=2013|title='Smut and Nothing But': The FCC, Indecency, and Regulatory Transformations in the Shadows|url=http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2230027|journal=SSRN Electronic Journal|language=en|doi=10.2139/ssrn.2230027|issn=1556-5068}}</ref> The duo appeared dressed only in capes and during the course of the live broadcast, one of the performers momentarily exposed his penis.<ref name=":28" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite book|last=Chris|first=Cynthia|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1124761748|title=The indecent screen : regulating television in the twenty-first century|date=2018|isbn=978-0-8135-9408-8|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey|oclc=1124761748}}</ref> The Enforcement Bureau of the [[Federal Communications Commission|U.S. Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) received a complaint from a viewer<ref name=":10" /> and launched an investigation into alleged television broadcast indecency. The FCC concluded that [[Young Broadcasting San Francisco|Young Broadcasting]] of San Francisco, KRON-TV’s proprietor, was liable for a fine of $27,000 for violating federal restrictions regarding the broadcast of indecent material.<ref name=":10" /> This was the maximum fine for a breach of this nature.<ref name=":28" /><ref name=":18" /> The Commission rejected Young Broadcasting’s claims of bona-fide news coverage immunity, on the grounds that the puppetry “display was not incidental to the coverage of a news event”.<ref name=":17" /> The station issued a press release apologising for the incident and paid the fee.<ref name=":18" />
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39 => 'http://www.iobdb.com/Production/5102',
40 => 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctv1b742d7',
41 => 'http://www.puppetryofthepenis.com',
42 => 'http://www.puppetryofthepenis.com/',
43 => 'http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2230027',
44 => 'http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/aug/08/artsfeatures.edinburghfestival20004',
45 => 'http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2012/03/comedy-nights-on-one.html',
46 => 'https://adstandards.com.au/sites/default/files/2012_review_of_operations_web.pdf',
47 => 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143707620',
48 => 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144760839',
49 => 'https://transition.fcc.gov/eb/Orders/2004/FCC-04-16A1.html',
50 => 'https://www.acmi.net.au/works/93689--tackle-happy-e/',
51 => 'https://www.ausstage.edu.au/pages/work/2240#',
52 => 'https://www.australianstage.com.au/200804121353/reviews/micf/puppetry-of-the-penis.html',
53 => 'https://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/puppetry-rev',
54 => 'https://www.broadwayworld.com/adelaide/article/PUPPETRY-OF-THE-PENIS-Announces-Best-Bits-Tour-20200121',
55 => 'https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Puppetry+of+the+Penis%22&acc=on&wc=on',
56 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/3852862',
57 => 'https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/advertising-standards-bureau-to-review-puppetry-of-the-penis-billboard-after-complaint/news-story/d07c7db0e5fc991af5ea6e6a3c24269e',
58 => 'https://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/content/move-over-bacon/14187/',
59 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/08/theater/theater-review-a-couple-of-naked-guys-from-australia.html',
60 => 'https://www.seattlepi.com/entertainment/article/Puppetry-of-the-Penis-draws-the-gals-1121322.php',
61 => 'https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/qld-bans-penis-puppetry-20020523-gdfayq.html',
62 => 'https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/penis-puppeteers-create-a-stir-20021011-gdfpox.html',
63 => 'https://www.standup.com.au/comedian/puppetry-penis',
64 => 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2040610X.2015.1028167',
65 => 'https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/puppets-well-hung-for-good-20050324-gdzuhr.html',
66 => 'https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/puppetry-of-the-penis-survives-20040826-gdyitr.html',
67 => 'https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/new-zealand-bans-penis-puppetry-20020510-gdu6z4.html',
68 => 'https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/queensland-cities-first-to-ban-penis-show-20020615-gduavm.html',
69 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2003/07/17/puppetry-private-parts-as-public-art/a09e756e-8d8b-4e8f-9eb9-a4947fbd3f95/',
70 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1124761748',
71 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55105525'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian performance show</div>
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<table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Puppetry+of+the+Penis%22">"Puppetry of the Penis"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Puppetry+of+the+Penis%22+-wikipedia">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?&q=%22Puppetry+of+the+Penis%22+site:news.google.com/newspapers&source=newspapers">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Puppetry+of+the+Penis%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Puppetry+of+the+Penis%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Puppetry+of+the+Penis%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic">Puppetry of the Penis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Puppetry_of_the_Penis_2019_Glastonbury_Festival_01_crop.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Puppetry of the Penis 2019 Glastonbury Festival 01 crop.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Puppetry_of_the_Penis_2019_Glastonbury_Festival_01_crop.jpg/220px-Puppetry_of_the_Penis_2019_Glastonbury_Festival_01_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Puppetry_of_the_Penis_2019_Glastonbury_Festival_01_crop.jpg/330px-Puppetry_of_the_Penis_2019_Glastonbury_Festival_01_crop.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Puppetry_of_the_Penis_2019_Glastonbury_Festival_01_crop.jpg/440px-Puppetry_of_the_Penis_2019_Glastonbury_Festival_01_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3472" data-file-height="2450" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Simon Morley & David Friend, Puppetry of the Penis, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival" title="Glastonbury Festival">Glastonbury Festival</a>, 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data description">Simon Morley & David Friend</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Date premiered</th><td class="infobox-data">1996<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1996</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Place premiered</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melbourne_International_Comedy_Festival" title="Melbourne International Comedy Festival">Melbourne International Comedy Festival</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victoria_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Original language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.puppetryofthepenis.com/">Official site</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>Puppetry of the Penis</b></i> is a comedic live <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">performance-art</a> show featuring a series of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adult_puppeteering" title="Adult puppeteering">genital contortions</a>. The show was initially conceived as the title of a highbrow art <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendar</a> released by Australian Simon Morley in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup> The calendar showcased twelve penis "installations" (the manipulation of male genitalia into a variety of recognisable forms).<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3">[3]</a></sup> In response to increasing requests for live demonstrations, in 1997 Morley enlisted fellow Australian, David “Friendy” Friend, to devise a performance show consisting of body-based genital comedy.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>The show involves two nude men who bend, twist, and fold their penises and scrotums into various shapes.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a></sup> The theatrical contortion of the male genitalia (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">penis</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">scrotum</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Testicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Testicles">testicles</a>) accompanied by comedic narration has since spread internationally. It is humorously termed "Dick Trick"<sup id="cite_ref-:25_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-6">[6]</a></sup> or "genital origami," referring to the flexibility of the human penis, testicles and scrotum.
</p><p><i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> was first performed on stage at the 1998 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melbourne_International_Comedy_Festival" title="Melbourne International Comedy Festival">Melbourne International Comedy Festival</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, featuring the creators, Morley and Friend, as the premiere cast.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a></sup> The show has since appeared on the international stage, featuring productions in Australia, New Zealand, the UK, Europe, Canada, the United States, South Africa and Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></sup> The initial Australian tour was the subject of Australian comedian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mick_Molloy" title="Mick Molloy">Mick Molloy</a>'s 2000 documentary <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tackle_Happy" title="Tackle Happy">Tackle Happy</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8">[8]</a></sup> The duo has recruited supporting production teams and actors across Australia, the UK and the U.S., allowing international performance demands to be met. Due to the success of the show, the business was expanded to cater for private parties around Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>A <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> TV special has aired in Australia on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/One_Australia_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="One Australia (TV channel)">One</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> The show was covered in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller:_Bullshit!" title="Penn & Teller: Bullshit!">Penn & Teller: Bullshit!</a></i> episode, "Sex, Sex, Sex".
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Summary"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Summary</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Tricks"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Tricks</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Productions"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Productions</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Australian_Productions"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Australian Productions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Overseas_Productions"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Overseas Productions</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Reception"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Reception</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Controversy"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Controversy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Production_Bans"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Production Bans</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#New_Zealand"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">New Zealand</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Queensland"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Queensland</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#The_United_States"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">The United States</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Legal_Disputes"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Legal Disputes</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Broadcast_Indecency"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Broadcast Indecency</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Advertising_Standards"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Advertising Standards</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Analysis"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Analysis</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Adaptations"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Adaptations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Book_Adaptation"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Book Adaptation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Director's_Cut"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Director's Cut</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Documentary"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Documentary</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In 1996, Australian comedian Simon Morley created an art calendar that showcased close-up images of twelve penis ‘installations’.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a></sup> The concept was based on Morley and his youngest brother’s creation of a series of party tricks involving various contortions of their genitalia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-11">[11]</a></sup> In order to market the calendars, Morley devised a live routine.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a></sup> Morley’s first demonstration, held in a garage in 1997, was received well by audience members, and encouraged him to pursue the creation of a stage show in which to showcase the tricks.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a></sup> Morley originally intended to recruit his brother to perform the act alongside him, however he had already committed to a part on the Australian TV show Neighbours.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-12">[12]</a></sup> Morley enlisted David “Friendy” Friend, a Melbourne resident who had previously run a small entertainment business that catered to bachelorette parties, as his stage partner, and together they developed a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_routine" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedy routine">comedy routine</a> based on Morley’s original concept.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-12">[12]</a></sup> The title of the calendar, 'Puppetry of the Penis’, was the inspiration for the title of the subsequent performance show, which featured a repertoire of similar contortions.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Summary">Summary</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Summary">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The run-time for the performance is approximately one hour.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-14">[14]</a></sup> The main acts are preceded by a 25 minute <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">stand-up comedy</a> act, with varying comedians in different productions.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-14">[14]</a></sup> The majority of the show features a series of ‘tricks’, which are manipulations of the actors’ penises into various forms.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a></sup> The creators describe this as “genital origami”.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a></sup> The contortions simulate commonly identifiable shapes, such as objects, architecture and people.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-15">[15]</a></sup> The tricks include the Big Mac, the Loch Ness Monster, the wristwatch, the pelican, the Eiffel Tower, the hamburger, the bulldog, the windsurfer and others.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:25_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:26_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:26-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:24_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:24-17">[17]</a></sup> The show consists of approximately 45 of the genital manipulations, accompanied by sound effects and comedic narration.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:24_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:24-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>The performers wear only sneakers and velvet magician's capes<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:24_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:24-17">[17]</a></sup> and stand with their backs to the audience.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a></sup> A large-screen live-action projection is used to allow audiences to view the acts close-up.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a></sup> The installations are projected, 20 times life size, onto an upstage screen for audience viewing.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-9">[9]</a></sup> The show also includes a brief instructional demonstration for audiences to replicate the contortions,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></sup> as well as an audience participation segment.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:24_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:24-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tricks">Tricks</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tricks">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Their tricks include:
</p>
<ul><li>Wind Up</li>
<li>Atomic Mushroom</li>
<li>Wristwatch</li>
<li>Snail</li>
<li>Three-Wood</li>
<li>Parachute</li>
<li>Eiffel-Tower</li>
<li>Hamburger</li>
<li>Hot Dog</li>
<li>Pelican</li>
<li>Fruit Bat</li>
<li>Windsurfer</li>
<li>G-String</li>
<li>Brain</li>
<li>Weed-Snipper</li>
<li>Loch Ness Monster</li>
<li>The Guy Pierce</li>
<li>Wedding Ring</li>
<li>The Woman</li>
<li>The Other Woman</li>
<li>Mollusc</li>
<li>Baby Bird</li>
<li>Flying Squirrel</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Productions">Productions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Productions">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Australian_Productions">Australian Productions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Australian Productions">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Melbourne_International_Comedy_Festival_Forum_Theatre.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Melbourne_International_Comedy_Festival_Forum_Theatre.jpg/220px-Melbourne_International_Comedy_Festival_Forum_Theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Melbourne_International_Comedy_Festival_Forum_Theatre.jpg/330px-Melbourne_International_Comedy_Festival_Forum_Theatre.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Melbourne_International_Comedy_Festival_Forum_Theatre.jpg/440px-Melbourne_International_Comedy_Festival_Forum_Theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Melbourne_International_Comedy_Festival_Forum_Theatre.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The Melbourne International Comedy Festival at the Forum Theatre, where <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> debuted</div></div></div>
<p>The show debuted in 1998 at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival to sold out audiences,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:23_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-12">[12]</a></sup> where it won the “Outright Best Show” award.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-18">[18]</a></sup> The success of the initial performance prompted an eight-month tour of Australia that covered 20,000 kilometres.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup> The national tour was captured in the 2000 documentary <i>Tackle Happy</i>, directed by comedian Mick Molloy.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p><p><i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> returned to tour Australia on March 30 2001, with a new cast comprising of Daniel Lewry, Steve Harrison and Jim MacGregor, under the management of Ross Mollison Productions.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-19">[19]</a></sup> It ran from 30 March 2001 to the 20 May 2001 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forum_Theatre" title="Forum Theatre">Forum Theatre</a> in Melbourne, hosted by the Melbourne International Comedy Festival. The tour continued in July at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Theatre,_Adelaide" title="Her Majesty's Theatre, Adelaide">Her Majesty’s Theatre</a> in Adelaide and in October at the Footbridge Theatre at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney.</a> In 2002 <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> performed at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riverside_Theatres_Parramatta" title="Riverside Theatres Parramatta">Riverside Theatre</a> in Paramatta, the Playhouse Theatre in Canberra, the IMB Theatre in Wollongong, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Tivoli" title="The Tivoli">Tivoli Theatre</a> in Bowen Hills, Brolga Theatre in Maryborough, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pilbeam_Theatre" title="Pilbeam Theatre">Pilbeam Theatre</a> in Rockhampton and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enmore_Theatre" title="Enmore Theatre">Enmore Theatre</a> in Sydney. The show appeared again at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in April 2002, with performers Brett Hartin and Richard Sutherland. In 2003 <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> was hosted in Armidale at the University of New England Arts Theatre and the Orange Civic Theatre in Orange before returning to the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in March 2003, with a new <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Director%27s_cut" title="Director's cut">Director’s Cut</a> version of the production, featuring performers Brett Hartin and Aaron Bloomfield. The <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> Director’s Cut tour continued in Australia throughout 2003 and 2004, adding to the cast performer Barry Brisco from New York and featuring the return of Morley and Friend from their U.S. tour. The show briefly halted touring in Australia, temporarily reopening in April 2006 at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canberra_Theatre" title="Canberra Theatre">the Canberra Theatre</a> in Canberra and in March 2007 at the Enmore Theatre in Sydney. The show continued to perform each year at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival, hosted at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melbourne_Athenaeum" title="Melbourne Athenaeum">Athenaeum Theatre</a>, produced by A-List Entertainment production company. In 2008 <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> premiered at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adelaide_Fringe" title="Adelaide Fringe">Adelaide Fringe Festival</a> at the Royalty Theatre, which has hosted the show in subsequent years.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Overseas_Productions">Overseas Productions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Overseas Productions">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Puppetry_of_the_Penis_Flyer.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Puppetry_of_the_Penis_Flyer.jpg/220px-Puppetry_of_the_Penis_Flyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Puppetry_of_the_Penis_Flyer.jpg/330px-Puppetry_of_the_Penis_Flyer.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Puppetry_of_the_Penis_Flyer.jpg/440px-Puppetry_of_the_Penis_Flyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Puppetry_of_the_Penis_Flyer.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Flyer advertising <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> at New York's Bleecker Street Theatre during its 2009 U.S. tour</div></div></div>
<p>In 2000, the creators performed the show at the Edinburgh International Fringe Festival, which was positively received by audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup> The show was then booked by a West End producer for a five-week run at London’s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitehall_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehall Theatre">Whitehall Theatre</a>, but numerous extensions led to the completion of a six-month tour in London’s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_End_of_London" title="West End of London">West End</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:23_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-12">[12]</a></sup> This was followed by performances in New Zealand, Canada, the United States, Spain, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Norway, The Netherlands, Argentina, Switzerland and Iceland.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2001, Morley and Friend licensed the show to local production company Mollison Productions, which produced seven supporting companies and a troupe of actors to assist with international performance demands and tours.<sup id="cite_ref-:28_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:28-20">[20]</a></sup> On October 5 2001 <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> made its New York debut at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Houseman" title="John Houseman">John Houseman Theatre</a> on New York’s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42<sup>nd</sup> Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> The show was produced Thomas Milazzo and Ross Mollison of Mollison Productions. The original creators, Morley and Friend, starred in the production, which featured an opening stand-up comedy act by Wendy Vousden. The production ran successfully for over a year, closing on November 3 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2003, the duo licensed the show to Foster Entertainment in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-:28_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:28-20">[20]</a></sup> <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i>, presented by David Foster of Foster Entertainment and Simon Morley, returned to New York's 42<sup>nd</sup> Street on August 4 2009 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bleecker_Street_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Bleecker Street Theater">Bleecker Street Theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:29_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:29-22">[22]</a></sup> The cast consisted of Rich Binning and Gavin Stewart, with opening acts by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rachel_Feinstein_(comedian)" title="Rachel Feinstein (comedian)">Rachel Feinstein</a>, Giulia Rozzi and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amy_Schumer" title="Amy Schumer">Amy Schumer.</a> The show, originally intending to end on August 30, extended its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">Off-Broadway</a> engagement and ran until October 4 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-:29_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:29-22">[22]</a></sup> Bleecker Street Theatre hosted a subsequent 8 week run of the show from July 13 2010 to September 4 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup>  
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Grand_Opera_House_Belfast.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Grand_Opera_House_Belfast.jpg/220px-Grand_Opera_House_Belfast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Grand_Opera_House_Belfast.jpg/330px-Grand_Opera_House_Belfast.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Grand_Opera_House_Belfast.jpg/440px-Grand_Opera_House_Belfast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="2437" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Grand_Opera_House_Belfast.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> performed at The Grand Opera House theatre in Belfast, Northern Ireland</div></div></div>
<p>The production has also established a flagship show in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, which runs 5 nights a week at The Jewel Box Theatre in The Erotic Heritage Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-12">[12]</a></sup> At one stage, the <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> production managed eight franchises across the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-12">[12]</a></sup> The show has performed in a diverse range of venues during the course of its international tours. The UK tour included performances at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Opera_House,_Belfast" title="Grand Opera House, Belfast">Grand Opera House</a> in Belfast and the Arts Centre in New Milton.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-14">[14]</a></sup> As of 2003, the show had played in over 15 private venues in the U.S., with the country-run theatre in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosslyn,_Virginia" title="Rosslyn, Virginia">Rosslyn</a> being the first public arts facility in the country to host the show.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8">[8]</a></sup> <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> has grossed over fifty million dollars,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></sup> and performed in 35 countries in six different languages.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:28_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:28-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reception">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p><i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> has been noted for its controversial material amongst theatre critics and journalists. In a review of the production at the Whitehall Theatre in London, published in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, Sarah Barrell said "[the show] is certainly one of the more playfully subversive pieces of theatre to come within reach of the capital's centres of power".<sup id="cite_ref-:24_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:24-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>The show has received positive reviews from major international news outlets. Lyn Gardner of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> called the production a “gently witty, surprisingly charming little show”, and remarked that the material was handled with “a high degree of decorum”.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> British critic Jill Sharp called the show a “theatrical extravaganza, celebrating with tongue-in-cheek innocence the flexibility of the phallus”.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-11">[11]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> noted the performers’ “irrepressible wit… [they] will leave you laughing ridiculously”.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-25">[25]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> said, “it ingeniously emphasises the aspect of pure play in material that is normally sexually charged”.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p><p>Other reviews were less favourable, criticising the show for its sexually graphic subject material. Conservative art critic <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Roger Kimball</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_Criterion" title="The New Criterion">New Criterion</a> magazine called the production as “a juvenile example of the normalisation of deviance”, likening it to toilet humour.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-18">[18]</a></sup> Kimball said that the show was nothing more than a repulsive “publicity stunt”.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-18">[18]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Controversy">Controversy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Controversy">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Production_Bans">Production Bans</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Production Bans">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Performance shows outside the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pornography_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography industry">pornography industry</a> that feature genitalia risk breaching <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Obscenity_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Obscenity laws">obscenity laws</a>, even when legitimatised as genuine works of art.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-26">[26]</a></sup> The <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> production employs practical measures, such as having performers stand with their backs to the audience, in order to avoid claims of public obscenity, and to enable the show to be performed in mainstream and civic theatres.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a></sup> In its production history, the show has faced bans from several international venues on the grounds of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indecency_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Indecency law">indecency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In May 2002, <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> was banned from performing at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Whanganui_Opera_House" title="Royal Whanganui Opera House">Royal Wanganui Opera House</a>, New Zealand. The mayor, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chas_Poynter" title="Chas Poynter">Chas Poynter</a>, said “the community is aghast and upset about this show”.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-27">[27]</a></sup> While the council was not able to prohibit performances of the show in other venues in the municipal, city authorities retained the power to ban the production at the civic opera house.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-27">[27]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Queensland">Queensland</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Queensland">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In June 2002, the show was barred from being staged in civic theatres in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cairns" title="Cairns">Cairns</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bundaberg" title="Bundaberg">Bundaberg Councils</a> in Queensland. Despite reviewing the ban at the request of Executive Producer Thomas Milazzo, the councils ultimately refused to allow the show to use their facilities. In regard to the decision, Bundaberg mayor Kay McDuff said the show was not “appropriate” for the Bundaberg civic theatres.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="The_United_States">The United States</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The United States">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In October 2002, Friend and Morley appeared as guests on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_with_Jay_Leno" title="The Tonight Show with Jay Leno">The Tonight Show with Jay Leno</a> to promote their U.S. tour. The U.S. television network <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> permitted the broadcast despite protests from religious groups.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-30">[30]</a></sup> Due to controversies surrounding the show, Salt Lake City’s NBC affiliate station, which is owned by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, refused to broadcast the program.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:16_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>In August 2004, during a U.S. tour of the production, Chicago Citizens for Community advocacy group filed a complaint, claiming that the show was “illegal and subject to law enforcement”.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-25">[25]</a></sup> The Chicago Police ignored protests to ban the performance.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-25">[25]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Legal_Disputes">Legal Disputes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legal Disputes">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Broadcast_Indecency">Broadcast Indecency</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Broadcast Indecency">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:FCC_Logo.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/FCC_Logo.jpg/220px-FCC_Logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/FCC_Logo.jpg/330px-FCC_Logo.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/FCC_Logo.jpg/440px-FCC_Logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2250" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:FCC_Logo.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The U.S. Federal Communications Commission investigated <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> for broadcast indecency in 2002</div></div></div>
<p>On October 4, 2002, Morley and Friend were interviewed on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/KRON-TV" title="KRON-TV">KRON-TV</a>’s Morning News show to promote performances of <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> in San Francisco.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-31">[31]</a></sup> The duo appeared dressed only in capes and during the course of the live broadcast, one of the performers momentarily exposed his penis.<sup id="cite_ref-:28_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:28-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:18_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-32">[32]</a></sup> The Enforcement Bureau of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">U.S. Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) received a complaint from a viewer<sup id="cite_ref-:10_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-15">[15]</a></sup> and launched an investigation into alleged television broadcast indecency. The FCC concluded that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Young_Broadcasting_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Broadcasting San Francisco">Young Broadcasting</a> of San Francisco, KRON-TV’s proprietor, was liable for a fine of $27,000 for violating federal restrictions regarding the broadcast of indecent material.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-15">[15]</a></sup> This was the maximum fine for a breach of this nature.<sup id="cite_ref-:28_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:28-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:18_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-32">[32]</a></sup> The Commission rejected Young Broadcasting’s claims of bona-fide news coverage immunity, on the grounds that the puppetry “display was not incidental to the coverage of a news event”.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-31">[31]</a></sup> The station issued a press release apologising for the incident and paid the fee.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Advertising_Standards">Advertising Standards</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Advertising Standards">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In February 2012, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Bureau_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertising Standards Bureau (Australia)">Australian Advertising Standards Bureau</a> received a complaint regarding a billboard advertising <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twelfth_Night_Theatre" title="Twelfth Night Theatre">Twelfth Night Theatre</a> in Bowen Hills, Brisbane.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-33">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:20_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-34">[34]</a></sup> While the ad featured no nudity, the complainant protested the “thrusting of the male genital part into the public area”.<sup id="cite_ref-:20_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-34">[34]</a></sup> The ASB deemed the use of anatomical words acceptable in the context and the complaint was dismissed.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-33">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Analysis">Analysis</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Analysis">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The use of comedy as a method of subverting or critiquing traditional assumptions and social dynamics has been commented on by several theorists.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a></sup> <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> uses theatrical and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Absurdist_humour" class="mw-redirect" title="Absurdist humour">absurdist humour</a> to deconstruct conventional representations of male genitalia.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a></sup> The show reduces the penis to a malleable object for the purposes of comedy, disassociating it from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Masculinity" title="Masculinity">sex and masculinity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:26_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:26-16">[16]</a></sup> Theatre critic Joe Adcock wrote in his review of the performance “The strictures of genteel decorum are violated. And so are the dogmas of smut".<sup id="cite_ref-:7_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>Critics and academics note that <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> possesses a cultural value beyond its outwardly superficial subject matter.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:26_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:26-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:27_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:27-36">[36]</a></sup> The show demystifies and demythologises the male sexual organ by displaying it with hyper-visibility and boldness.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:27_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:27-36">[36]</a></sup> In her book, Maria San Filippo states that displaying the penis “to spectacular effect ultimately renders it de-fetishized”.<sup id="cite_ref-:27_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:27-36">[36]</a></sup> She comments that in <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i>, the phallus is desexualised and separated from its traditional symbolic connotations, instead becoming purely a source of amusement.<sup id="cite_ref-:27_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:27-36">[36]</a></sup>
</p><p>Academic <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Stephens" title="Elizabeth Stephens">Elizabeth Stephens</a> notes that <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> represents a change in the “representability” of the penis, with its contortions rendering the organ as "humiliated, tortured or laughed at".<sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a></sup> She writes that while the penis is noticeably visible in the show, the phallus appears only in a distorted form, making it unrecognisable as a penis.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a></sup> According to Stephens, “this freakshow spectacularization of the penis, in which it becomes visible only to be constituted as an object of ridicule or amusement… represents anxieties about the role of the penis in the construction of masculinity”.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a></sup> Stephens states that <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> deconstructs traditional assumptions about the phallus and its symbolic attachment to masculinity.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p>Kovacs discusses the subversion of traditional phallic symbolism that <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> presents in its performances.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></sup> She comments that conventional representations of the penis allude to power, dominance and violence, and states that the show “challenges preconceived notions of the penis and its function as an object of sexuality and symbol of power”.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></sup> According to Kovacs, audiences are drawn to such productions as they challenge <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">social norms</a> and transfer taboo subjects from the private sphere “and into the social realm through the agency of humour”.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Adaptations">Adaptations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Adaptations">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Book_Adaptation">Book Adaptation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Book Adaptation">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The creators published an instructional book, entitled <i>‘Puppetry of the Penis: The Ancient Art of Genital Origami</i>’, in 2000. It featured photographs, accompanied by illustrations and text, demonstrating how to replicate 26 of the installations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></sup>
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<h3><span id="Director.27s_Cut"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Director's_Cut">Director's Cut</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Director's Cut">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>A Director’s Cut version of the show was introduced at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in 2003. It featured new performers Brett Hartin and Aaron Bloomfield, and showcased home videos from the United States tour of the production.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-19">[19]</a></sup> Subsequent performances began with a multi-media presentation of the show’s development over the previous decade. They included video footage of original creators Morley and Friend on tour, performance highlights, and audience reactions.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Documentary">Documentary</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Documentary">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The initial Australian national tour of <i>Puppetry of the Penis</i> was the subject of the documentary <i>Tackle Happy</i>, directed and produced by Australian comedian Mick Molloy.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-8">[8]</a></sup> The documentary focuses on the creators, Morley and Friend, and their production journey.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-37">[37]</a></sup> It showcases the complications that the duo experienced during this time, including legal disputes, backstage tension and the difficulties of prolonged touring.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-37">[37]</a></sup> The documentary is interspersed with dialogue from comedian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Martin_(comedian)" title="Tony Martin (comedian)">Tony Martin</a> and director Mick Molloy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:21_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-37">[37]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFKovacs2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kovacs, Clare (2006). "Puppetry of the Penis: A Deconstruction of the Phallus as Weapon". <i>Athanor</i>. <b>24</b>: 73–79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Athanor&rft.atitle=Puppetry+of+the+Penis%3A+A+Deconstruction+of+the+Phallus+as+Weapon&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=73-79&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Kovacs&rft.aufirst=Clare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:28-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:28_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:28_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:28_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:28_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:28_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDonovan2005" class="citation web cs1">Donovan, Patrick (24 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/puppets-well-hung-for-good-20050324-gdzuhr.html">"Puppets well-hung for good"</a>. <i>The Age</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Puppets+well-hung+for+good&rft.date=2005-03-24&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fart-and-design%2Fpuppets-well-hung-for-good-20050324-gdzuhr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobdb.com/Production/20">"Puppetry of the Penis"</a>. <i>www.iobdb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iobdb.com&rft.atitle=Puppetry+of+the+Penis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iobdb.com%2FProduction%2F20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:29-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:29_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:29_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobdb.com/Production/4913">"Puppetry of the Penis"</a>. <i>www.iobdb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iobdb.com&rft.atitle=Puppetry+of+the+Penis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iobdb.com%2FProduction%2F4913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobdb.com/Production/5102">"Puppetry of the Penis"</a>. <i>www.iobdb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iobdb.com&rft.atitle=Puppetry+of+the+Penis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iobdb.com%2FProduction%2F5102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/aug/08/artsfeatures.edinburghfestival20004">"Comedy review: Edinburgh festival: Puppetry of the Penis"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 7 August 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Comedy+review%3A+Edinburgh+festival%3A+Puppetry+of+the+Penis&rft.date=2000-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2000%2Faug%2F08%2Fartsfeatures.edinburghfestival20004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:13-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/puppetry-of-the-penis-survives-20040826-gdyitr.html">"Puppetry of the Penis survives"</a>. <i>The Age</i>. 25 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Puppetry+of+the+Penis+survives&rft.date=2004-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fart-and-design%2Fpuppetry-of-the-penis-survives-20040826-gdyitr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:14-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMeecham2005" class="citation book cs1">Meecham, Pam (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55105525"><i>Modern art : a critical introduction</i></a>. Julie Sheldon (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-28193-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-28193-8"><bdi>0-415-28193-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/oclc/55105525">55105525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+art+%3A+a+critical+introduction&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55105525&rft.isbn=0-415-28193-8&rft.aulast=Meecham&rft.aufirst=Pam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F55105525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:15-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/new-zealand-bans-penis-puppetry-20020510-gdu6z4.html">"New Zealand bans penis puppetry"</a>. <i>The Age</i>. 10 May 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+bans+penis+puppetry&rft.date=2002-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fnew-zealand-bans-penis-puppetry-20020510-gdu6z4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/queensland-cities-first-to-ban-penis-show-20020615-gduavm.html">"Queensland cities first to ban penis show"</a>. <i>The Age</i>. 15 June 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Queensland+cities+first+to+ban+penis+show&rft.date=2002-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fqueensland-cities-first-to-ban-penis-show-20020615-gduavm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/qld-bans-penis-puppetry-20020523-gdfayq.html">"Qld bans penis puppetry"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. 23 May 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Qld+bans+penis+puppetry&rft.date=2002-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fart-and-design%2Fqld-bans-penis-puppetry-20020523-gdfayq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:16-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/penis-puppeteers-create-a-stir-20021011-gdfpox.html">"Penis puppeteers create a stir"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. 11 October 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Penis+puppeteers+create+a+stir&rft.date=2002-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fart-and-design%2Fpenis-puppeteers-create-a-stir-20021011-gdfpox.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:17-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLevi2013" class="citation journal cs1">Levi, Lili (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2230027">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Smut and Nothing But': The FCC, Indecency, and Regulatory Transformations in the Shadows"</a>. <i>SSRN Electronic Journal</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.2230027">10.2139/ssrn.2230027</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/1556-5068">1556-5068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSRN+Electronic+Journal&rft.atitle=%27Smut+and+Nothing+But%27%3A+The+FCC%2C+Indecency%2C+and+Regulatory+Transformations+in+the+Shadows&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2139%2Fssrn.2230027&rft.issn=1556-5068&rft.aulast=Levi&rft.aufirst=Lili&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D2230027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:18-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:18_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFChris2018" class="citation book cs1">Chris, Cynthia (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1124761748"><i>The indecent screen : regulating television in the twenty-first century</i></a>. New Brunswick, New Jersey. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-9408-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-9408-8"><bdi>978-0-8135-9408-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1124761748">1124761748</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+indecent+screen+%3A+regulating+television+in+the+twenty-first+century&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+New+Jersey&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1124761748&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-9408-8&rft.aulast=Chris&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1124761748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:19-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:19_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:19_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFuller2012" class="citation web cs1">Fuller, Peta (20 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/advertising-standards-bureau-to-review-puppetry-of-the-penis-billboard-after-complaint/news-story/d07c7db0e5fc991af5ea6e6a3c24269e">"Advertising Standards Bureau to review Puppetry of the Penis billboard after complaint"</a>. <i>NewsComAu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NewsComAu&rft.atitle=Advertising+Standards+Bureau+to+review+Puppetry+of+the+Penis+billboard+after+complaint&rft.date=2012-02-20&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Peta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fcelebrity-life%2Fadvertising-standards-bureau-to-review-puppetry-of-the-penis-billboard-after-complaint%2Fnews-story%2Fd07c7db0e5fc991af5ea6e6a3c24269e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:20-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:20_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1">"Puppetry of the Penis ad complaint". <i>B & T Weekly</i>. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=B+%26+T+Weekly&rft.atitle=Puppetry+of+the+Penis+ad+complaint&rft.date=2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adstandards.com.au/sites/default/files/2012_review_of_operations_web.pdf">"Review of Operations: 2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Advertising Standards Bureau</i>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Advertising+Standards+Bureau&rft.atitle=Review+of+Operations%3A+2012&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadstandards.com.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2012_review_of_operations_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:27-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:27_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:27_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:27_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:27_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFilippo2021" class="citation book cs1">Filippo, Maria San (2 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctv1b742d7"><i>Provocauteurs and Provocations: Screening Sex in 21st Century Media</i></a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv1b742d7">10.2307/j.ctv1b742d7</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-05213-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-05213-1"><bdi>978-0-253-05213-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Provocauteurs+and+Provocations%3A+Screening+Sex+in+21st+Century+Media&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2021-02-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv1b742d7&rft.isbn=978-0-253-05213-1&rft.aulast=Filippo&rft.aufirst=Maria+San&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv1b742d7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:21-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:21_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acmi.net.au/works/93689--tackle-happy-e/">"Tackle happy (E)"</a>. <i>www.acmi.net.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.acmi.net.au&rft.atitle=Tackle+happy+%28E%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acmi.net.au%2Fworks%2F93689--tackle-happy-e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuppetry+of+the+Penis" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puppetry_of_the_Penis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.puppetryofthepenis.com">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul>
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<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_literature" title="Australian literature">Literature</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Music_of_Australia" title="Music of Australia">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Australia" title="Public holidays in Australia">Public holidays</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Australia" title="List of radio stations in Australia">Radio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sport_in_Australia" title="Sport in Australia">Sport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_symbols_of_Australia" title="National symbols of Australia">Symbols</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Television_in_Australia" title="Television in Australia">Television</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatre_of_Australia" title="Theatre of Australia">Theatre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_studies" title="Australian studies">Australian studies</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Outline_of_Australia" title="Outline of Australia">Outline</a></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"/><span class="nobold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Index_of_Australia-related_articles" title="Index of Australia-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"/><span class="nobold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibliography_of_Australian_history" title="Bibliography of Australian history">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Australia" title="Category:Australia">Category</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Theatre" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Theatre" title="Template:Theatre"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Theatre" title="Template talk:Theatre"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Theatre&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Theatre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">Theatre</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_theatre" title="History of theatre">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Greek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Rome" title="Theatre of ancient Rome">Roman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medieval_theatre" title="Medieval theatre">Medieval</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'arte</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_Renaissance_theatre" title="English Renaissance theatre">English Renaissance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age#Lope_de_Vega_and_Spanish_drama" title="Spanish Golden Age">Spanish Golden Age</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">French Classicism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassical</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Restoration_comedy" title="Restoration comedy">Restoration</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augustan_drama" title="Augustan drama">Augustan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weimar_Classicism" title="Weimar Classicism">Weimar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naturalism_(theatre)" title="Naturalism (theatre)">Naturalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Realism_(theatre)" title="Realism (theatre)">Realism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Postmodern_theatre" title="Postmodern theatre">Postmodern</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nineteenth-century_theatre" title="Nineteenth-century theatre">19th century</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twentieth-century_theatre" title="Twentieth-century theatre">20th century</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_twentieth-century_theatre" title="Timeline of twentieth-century theatre">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">Drama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">Play</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">Musical theatre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">Comedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">Tragedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Improvisational_theatre" title="Improvisational theatre">Improvisation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">Ballet</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Persian_theatre" title="Persian theatre">Persia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatre_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in India">India</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatre_of_Indonesia" title="Theatre of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatre_of_Japan" title="Theatre of Japan">Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatre_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of Korea">Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatre_of_Poland" title="Theatre of Poland">Poland</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stagecraft" title="Stagecraft">Stagecraft</a> /<br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scenography" title="Scenography">Scenography</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cue_(theatrical)" title="Cue (theatrical)">Cue</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Curtain_Call" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtain Call">Curtain Call</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rehearsal" title="Rehearsal">Rehearsal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stage_(theatre)" title="Stage (theatre)">Stage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatrical_constraints" title="Theatrical constraints">Theatrical constraints</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatrical_superstitions" title="Theatrical superstitions">Theatrical superstitions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Technical_rehearsal" title="Technical rehearsal">Technical rehearsal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Technical_week" title="Technical week">Technical week</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Performance" title="Performance">Performance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lighting_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighting design">Lighting design</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound design</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Set_construction" title="Set construction">Set construction</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatrical_property" title="Theatrical property">Theatrical property</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Costume_construction" class="mw-redirect" title="Costume construction">Costume construction</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_theatre_personnel" title="List of theatre personnel">Personnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stage_management" title="Stage management">Stage management</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Technical_director" title="Technical director">Technical director</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Production_management_(theater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Production management (theater)">production management</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_management" title="House management">house management</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Company_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Company management">company management</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carpenter_(theatre)" title="Carpenter (theatre)">Carpenter (theatre)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electrician_(theatre)" title="Electrician (theatre)">Electrician (theatre)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fly_crew" title="Fly crew">Fly crew</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Make-up_artist" title="Make-up artist">Make-up artist</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Property_master" title="Property master">Property master</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pyrotechnician" title="Pyrotechnician">Pyrotechnician</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Running_crew" title="Running crew">Running crew</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spotlight_operator" title="Spotlight operator">Spotlight operator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stagehand" title="Stagehand">Stagehand</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatrical_Technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatrical Technician">Theatrical Technician</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Technical_crew" title="Technical crew">Technical crew</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wardrobe_supervisor" title="Wardrobe supervisor">Wardrobe supervisor</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">Costume designer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lighting_designer" title="Lighting designer">Lighting designer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scenic_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Scenic designer">Scenic designer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sound_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound designer">Sound designer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Sound engineer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_design" title="Video design">Video design</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Running_crew" title="Running crew">Running crew</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Call_boy_(theatre)" title="Call boy (theatre)">Call boy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Production_management_(theater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Production management (theater)">Production manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stage_management" title="Stage management">Stage manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stagehand" title="Stagehand">Stagehand</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Technical_director" title="Technical director">Technical director</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatrical_technician" title="Theatrical technician">Theatrical technician</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carpenter_(theatre)" title="Carpenter (theatre)">Carpenter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fly_crew" title="Fly crew">Fly crew</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electrician_(theatre)" title="Electrician (theatre)">Electrician</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Light_board_operator" title="Light board operator">Light board operator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lighting_technician" title="Lighting technician">Lighting technician</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spotlight_operator" title="Spotlight operator">Spotlight operator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A2_(theater)" title="A2 (theater)">A2</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sound_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound operator">Sound operator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Property_master" title="Property master">Property master</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dresser_(theatre)" title="Dresser (theatre)">Dresser</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wardrobe_supervisor" title="Wardrobe supervisor">Wardrobe supervisor</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicians</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Musical_ensemble" title="Musical ensemble">Musical ensemble</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">Orchestra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pit_orchestra" title="Pit orchestra">Pit orchestra</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Theatre" title="Category:Theatre">Category</a></li>
<li><img alt="Commons page" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Theatre" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Theatre">Commons</a></li>
<li><img alt="Wiktionary page" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Wiktionary page" width="16" height="15" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Theatre" class="extiw" title="wikt:Theatre">Wiktionary</a></li>
<li><img alt="WikiProject" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="WikiProject" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Theatre" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Theatre">WikiProject</a></li>
<li><img alt="Outline" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Outline" width="10" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Outline_of_theatre" title="Outline of theatre">Outline of theatre</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Comedy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Comedy_footer" title="Template:Comedy footer"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Comedy_footer" title="Template talk:Comedy footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Comedy_footer&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Comedy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">Comedy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedian" title="Comedian">Comedian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedic_device" title="Comedic device">Comedic device</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_festival" title="Comedy festival">Comedy festival</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_troupe" title="Comedy troupe">Comedy troupe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comic_timing" title="Comic timing">Comic timing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Farce" title="Farce">Farce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humorist" title="Humorist">Humorist</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humour" title="Humour">Humour</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impersonator" title="Impersonator">Impersonator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impressionist_(entertainment)" title="Impressionist (entertainment)">Impressionist</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">Irony</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joke" title="Joke">Joke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prank_call" title="Prank call">Prank call</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Punch_line" title="Punch line">Punch line</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Visual_gag" title="Visual gag">Visual gag</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wit" title="Wit">Wit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Word_play" title="Word play">Word play</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Country</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_comedy_films" title="American comedy films">American</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_comedy_films" title="British comedy films">British</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_comedy_films" title="French comedy films">French</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Italian</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Genre</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comic_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Comic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Science fiction</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Italian</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_(drama)" title="Comedy (drama)">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Country</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greek_comedy" title="Ancient Greek comedy">Ancient Greek comedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Italienne" title="Comédie-Italienne">Comédie-Italienne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corral_de_comedias" title="Corral de comedias">Corral de comedias</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Rome" title="Theatre of ancient Rome">Theatre of ancient Rome</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_comedy" title="Chinese comedy">China</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xiangsheng" title="Xiangsheng">Xiangsheng</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Hong Kong
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Japan
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dgen" title="Kyōgen">Kyōgen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manzai" title="Manzai">Manzai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Owarai" title="Owarai">Owarai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rakugo" title="Rakugo">Rakugo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sarugaku" title="Sarugaku">Sarugaku</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Genre</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boulevard_theatre_(aesthetic)" title="Boulevard theatre (aesthetic)">Boulevard theatre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy-drama" title="Comedy-drama">Comedy-drama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_of_humours" title="Comedy of humours">Comedy of humours</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_of_manners" title="Comedy of manners">Comedy of manners</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_of_menace" title="Comedy of menace">Comedy of menace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'arte</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Double_act" title="Double act">Double act</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Improvisational_theatre" title="Improvisational theatre">Improvisational</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macchietta" title="Macchietta">Macchietta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/One-person_show" class="mw-redirect" title="One-person show">One-person show</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pantomime" title="Pantomime">Pantomime</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Restoration_comedy" title="Restoration comedy">Restoration comedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sentimental_comedy" title="Sentimental comedy">Sentimental comedy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Com%C3%A9die_larmoyante" title="Comédie larmoyante">Comédie larmoyante</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shadow_play" title="Shadow play">Shadow play</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shakespearean_comedy" title="Shakespearean comedy">Shakespearean comedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">Sketch comedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spex_(theatre)" title="Spex (theatre)">Spex</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">Stand-up comedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Street_theatre" title="Street theatre">Street theatre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Absurd" title="Theatre of the Absurd">Theatre of the Absurd</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tragicomedy" title="Tragicomedy">Tragicomedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">Vaudeville</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Music<br />and dance</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ballad_opera" title="Ballad opera">Ballad opera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">Cabaret</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caf%C3%A9-chantant" title="Café-chantant">Café-chantant</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caf%C3%A9-th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre" title="Café-théâtre">Café-théâtre</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-ballet" title="Comédie-ballet">Comédie-ballet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_club" title="Comedy club">Comedy club</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Light_music" title="Light music">Light music</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">Music hall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">Musical theatre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_bouffe" title="Opéra bouffe">Opéra bouffe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_bouffon" title="Opéra bouffon">Opéra bouffon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">Opera buffa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_comique" title="Opéra comique">Opéra comique</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">Operetta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">Revue</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_music" title="Comedy music">Music</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_album" title="Comedy album">Album</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Rock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedy_hip_hop" title="Comedy hip hop">Hip hop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parody_music" title="Parody music">Parody</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_musical_comedians" title="List of musical comedians">Musical comedians</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comic_novel" title="Comic novel">Novel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radio_comedy" title="Radio comedy">Radio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Television_comedy" title="Television comedy">Television</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roast_(comedy)" title="Roast (comedy)">Roast</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sitcom" title="Sitcom">Sitcom</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comedic_genres" title="Comedic genres">Subgenres</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alternative_comedy" title="Alternative comedy">Alternative</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ribaldry" title="Ribaldry">Blue</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Character_comedy" title="Character comedy">Character</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christian_comedy" title="Christian comedy">Christian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clown" title="Clown">Clown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cringe_comedy" title="Cringe comedy">Cringe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deadpan" title="Deadpan">Deadpan</a> (dry humor)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Documentary_comedy" title="Documentary comedy">Documentary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_comedy" title="High comedy">High</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Low_comedy" title="Low comedy">low</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horror_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Horror comedy">Horror</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Insult_comedy" title="Insult comedy">Insult</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Observational_comedy" title="Observational comedy">Observational</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Physical_comedy" title="Physical comedy">Physical</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prop_comedy" title="Prop comedy">Prop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shock_humour" title="Shock humour">Shock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sick_comedy" title="Sick comedy">Sick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Slapstick" title="Slapstick">Slapstick</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_slapstick_comedy_topics" title="List of slapstick comedy topics">Topics</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surreal_humour" title="Surreal humour">Surreal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ventriloquism" title="Ventriloquism">Ventriloquism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Comedy" title="Category:Comedy">Category</a></li>
<li><img alt="Portal" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Portal" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Comedy" title="Portal:Comedy">Portal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nudity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Nudity" title="Template:Nudity"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Nudity" title="Template talk:Nudity"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Nudity&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nudity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">Nudity</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naturism" title="Naturism">Naturism</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christian_naturism" title="Christian naturism">Christian naturism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freik%C3%B6rperkultur" title="Freikörperkultur">Freikörperkultur</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gay_naturism" title="Gay naturism">Gay naturism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gymnosophy" title="Gymnosophy">Gymnosophy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Naturist_magazines" title="Category:Naturist magazines">Naturist magazines</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naturist_resort" title="Naturist resort">Naturist resort</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" title="Anarcho-naturism">Anarchist naturism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nude_recreation" title="Nude recreation">Nude recreation</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nude_beach" title="Nude beach">Nude beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nude_swimming" title="Nude swimming">Nude swimming</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Streaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Streaking">Streaking</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naked_yoga" title="Naked yoga">Naked yoga</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_bathing" title="Public bathing">Public bathing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sauna" title="Sauna">Sauna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massage" title="Massage">Massage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naked_party" title="Naked party">Naked party</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nude_wedding" title="Nude wedding">Nude wedding</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Nude_beaches" title="Category:Nude beaches">Nude beaches</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Clothing-optional_events" title="Category:Clothing-optional events">Clothing-optional events</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Depictions_of_nudity" title="Depictions of nudity">Depictions of nudity</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nude_(art)" title="Nude (art)">Nude (art)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Body_painting" title="Body painting">Body painting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naked_News" title="Naked News">Naked News</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">Nude modeling (art)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nudity_in_film" title="Nudity in film">Nudity in film</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nude_photography" title="Nude photography">Nude photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nude_photography_(art)" title="Nude photography (art)">Nude photography (art)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">Glamour photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nudity_in_American_television" title="Nudity in American television">Nudity in American television</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nudity_in_music_videos" title="Nudity in music videos">Nudity in music videos</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sex_in_advertising" title="Sex in advertising">Nudity in advertising</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nude_calendar" title="Nude calendar">Nude calendar</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nudity_and_sexuality" title="Nudity and sexuality">Nudity and sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Intimate_part" title="Intimate part">Intimate part</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Exhibitionism" title="Exhibitionism">Exhibitionism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Voyeurism" title="Voyeurism">Voyeurism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anasyrma" title="Anasyrma">Anasyrma</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Candaulism" title="Candaulism">Candaulism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mooning" title="Mooning">Mooning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">Striptease</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stripper" title="Stripper">Stripper</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Feminist_stripper" title="Feminist stripper">feminist stripper</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Erotic photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clothed_female,_naked_male" title="Clothed female, naked male">Clothed female, naked male</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clothed_male,_naked_female" title="Clothed male, naked female">Clothed male, naked female</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Issues_in_social_nudity" title="Issues in social nudity">Issues in social nudity</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">Toplessness</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Topfreedom" title="Topfreedom">Topfreedom</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wardrobe_malfunction" title="Wardrobe malfunction">Wardrobe malfunction</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nudity_and_protest" title="Nudity and protest">Nudity and protest</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">Sex segregation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breastfeeding_in_public" title="Breastfeeding in public">Breastfeeding in public</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress code</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country" title="Clothing laws by country">Clothing laws by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nudity_in_religion" title="Nudity in religion">Nudity in religion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Intimate_parts_in_Islam" title="Intimate parts in Islam">Awrah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Strip_search" title="Strip search">Strip search</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Undress_code" title="Undress code">Undress code</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barefoot" title="Barefoot">Barefoot</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_places_where_social_nudity_is_practised" title="List of places where social nudity is practised">By location</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Africa" title="List of social nudity places in Africa">Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Asia" title="List of social nudity places in Asia">Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Europe" title="List of social nudity places in Europe">Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_North_America" title="List of social nudity places in North America">North America</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Oceania" title="List of social nudity places in Oceania">Oceania</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_South_America" title="List of social nudity places in South America">South America</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Social_nudity_advocates" title="Category:Social nudity advocates">Social nudity advocates</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kurt_Barthel" title="Kurt Barthel">Kurt Barthel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Baxandall" title="Lee Baxandall">Lee Baxandall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Bindrim" title="Paul Bindrim">Paul Bindrim</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ilsley_Boone" title="Ilsley Boone">Ilsley Boone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_S._Huntington" title="Henry S. Huntington">Henry S. Huntington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heinrich_Pudor" title="Heinrich Pudor">Heinrich Pudor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elton_Raymond_Shaw" title="Elton Raymond Shaw">Elton Raymond Shaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Ungewitter" title="Richard Ungewitter">Richard Ungewitter</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_nudity" title="History of nudity">History of nudity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_social_nudity" title="Timeline of social nudity">Timeline of social nudity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nudity_in_combat" title="Nudity in combat">Nudity in combat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nudity_clause" title="Nudity clause">Nudity clause</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Imagery_of_nude_celebrities" title="Imagery of nude celebrities">Imagery of nude celebrities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_organizations" title="List of social nudity organizations">Social nudity organizations</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1623384468 |