Examine individual changes
This page allows you to examine the variables generated by the Edit Filter for an individual change.
Variables generated for this change
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
Edit count of the user (user_editcount) | 0 |
Name of the user account (user_name) | 'Ea sports its in the gaem llooll' |
Age of the user account (user_age) | 302 |
Groups (including implicit) the user is in (user_groups) | [
0 => '*',
1 => 'user'
] |
Rights that the user has (user_rights) | [
0 => 'createaccount',
1 => 'read',
2 => 'edit',
3 => 'createtalk',
4 => 'writeapi',
5 => 'viewmywatchlist',
6 => 'editmywatchlist',
7 => 'viewmyprivateinfo',
8 => 'editmyprivateinfo',
9 => 'editmyoptions',
10 => 'abusefilter-log-detail',
11 => 'centralauth-merge',
12 => 'abusefilter-view',
13 => 'abusefilter-log',
14 => 'vipsscaler-test',
15 => 'collectionsaveasuserpage',
16 => 'reupload-own',
17 => 'move-rootuserpages',
18 => 'createpage',
19 => 'minoredit',
20 => 'editmyusercss',
21 => 'editmyuserjson',
22 => 'editmyuserjs',
23 => 'purge',
24 => 'sendemail',
25 => 'applychangetags',
26 => 'spamblacklistlog',
27 => 'mwoauthmanagemygrants'
] |
Whether the user is editing from mobile app (user_app) | false |
Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile) | false |
Page ID (page_id) | 166289 |
Page namespace (page_namespace) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title) | 'Yayoi period' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle) | 'Yayoi period' |
Edit protection level of the page (page_restrictions_edit) | [] |
Last ten users to contribute to the page (page_recent_contributors) | [
0 => 'Biosaurt',
1 => 'Jejuminjok',
2 => 'Kanguole',
3 => 'EmberEdits',
4 => '151.51.141.244',
5 => 'Tom.Reding',
6 => '2001:268:C14A:E132:F52A:1655:BF85:2317',
7 => 'Jarble',
8 => 'Monkbot',
9 => 'Citation bot'
] |
Page age in seconds (page_age) | 581777781 |
Action (action) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary) | 'Just some grammar changes.' |
Old content model (old_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
New content model (new_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Japanese historical period from 200 BCE to 300 CE}}
{{About|the Yayoi period in Japanese history|other uses|Yayoi (disambiguation)}}
{{History of Japan |periods |image=YayoiJar.JPG |Yayoi jar, 1st-3rd century, excavated in Kugahara, [[Ōta, Tokyo]]}}
The {{nihongo|'''Yayoi period'''|{{linktext|弥生|時代}}|Yayoi jidai}}, started at the beginning of the [[Neolithic]] in Japan, continued through the [[Bronze Age]], and towards its end crossed into the [[Iron Age]].<ref name="Silberman2012"/><ref name="SchirokauerBrown2012"/><ref name="Shinya"/>
Since the 1980s, scholars have argued that a period previously classified as a transition from the [[Jōmon period]] should be reclassified as Early Yayoi.<ref>{{cite book |surname=Habu |given=Junko |title=Ancient Jomon of Japan |year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-77670-7 |page=258}}</ref> The date of the beginning of this transition is controversial, with estimates ranging from the 10th to the 6th centuries BC.<ref name="Shinya">{{cite journal |url=http://www.seaa-web.org/bul-essay-01.htm |title=A Comment on the Yayoi Period Dating Controversy |journal=Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology |surname=Shōda |given=Shinya |year=2007 |volume=1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Archaeology of Japan: From the Earliest Rice Farming Villages to the Rise of the State |given=Koji |surname=Mizoguchi |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-521-88490-7 |pages=35–36 }}</ref>
The period is named after the [[Yayoi, Tokyo|neighborhood]] of [[Tokyo]] where [[Archaeology|archaeologists]] first uncovered artifacts and features from that era. Distinguishing characteristics of the Yayoi period include the appearance of new [[Yayoi pottery]] styles and the start of an intensive rice agriculture in [[paddy field]]s. A hierarchical social class structure dates from this period and has its origin in China. Techniques in [[metallurgy]] based on the use of [[bronze]] and [[iron]] were also introduced from China via Korea to Japan in this period.
The Yayoi followed the Jōmon period (14,000 BC – 1,000 BC) and Yayoi culture flourished in a geographic area from southern [[Kyūshū]] to northern [[Honshū]]. Archaeological evidence supports the idea that during this time, an influx of farmers (Yayoi People) from the Korean Peninsula to Japan overwhelmed, and mixed with the native [[hunter-gatherer]] population (Jomon People).
== Features ==
[[File:YoshinogariIseki.jpg|thumb|[[Yoshinogari site]] reconstruction]]
The Yayoi period is generally accepted to date from 300 BC to 300 AD.<ref name="keally-yayoi">{{cite web |url=http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/yayoi.html |title=Yayoi Culture |first=Charles T. |last=Keally |date=2006-06-03 |work=Japanese Archaeology |publisher=Charles T. Keally |access-date=2010-03-19}}</ref> However, radio-carbon evidence suggests a date up to 500 years earlier, between 1,000 BC and 800 BC.<ref name="Silberman2012">Silberman et al., 154–155.</ref><ref name="SchirokauerBrown2012">Schirokauer et al., 133–143.</ref><ref name="Shinya"/> During this period Japan transitioned to a settled agricultural society.<ref>{{cite book | given = Stuart D. B. | surname = Picken | pages = 13 | title = Historical Dictionary of Japanese Business| publisher = Scarecrow Press}}</ref><ref name="University of Hawaii Press">{{cite book | given = Keiji | surname = Imamura | pages = 13 | title = Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia | publisher = University of Hawaii Press}}</ref>
The earliest archaeological evidence of the Yayoi is found on northern [[Kyūshū]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/e_kenkyuu/report2004.html|title=Annual Report on Research Activity 2004|website=www.rekihaku.ac.jp}}</ref> but that is still debated. Yayoi culture quickly spread to the main island of Honshū, mixing with native Jōmon culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/255/245|title=Eastern Japanese Pottery During the Jomon-Yayoi Transition: A Study in Forager-Farmer Interaction |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923052256/http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/255/245 |archive-date=2009-09-23 |url-status=dead |author=Seiji Kobayashi |publisher=[[Kokugakuin Tochigi Junior College]]}}</ref> A recent study that used [[accelerator mass spectrometry]] to analyze carbonized remains on pottery and wooden stakes, suggests that they dated back to the 9th century BC, 500 years earlier than previously believed.<ref name="Shinya"/>
The name Yayoi is borrowed from a location in [[Tokyo]] where pottery of the Yayoi period was first found.<ref name="University of Hawaii Press"/> Yayoi [[pottery]] was simply decorated and produced using the same coiling technique previously used in Jōmon pottery.<ref>http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm</ref> Yayoi craft specialists made [[bronze]] ceremonial bells (''[[dōtaku]]''), mirrors, and weapons. By the 1st century AD, Yayoi people began using [[iron]] agricultural tools and weapons.
As the Yayoi population increased, the society became more stratified and complex. They wove [[textiles]], lived in permanent farming villages, and constructed buildings with wood and stone. They also accumulated wealth through land ownership and the storage of grain. Such factors promoted the development of distinct social classes. Contemporary Chinese sources described the people as having [[tattoos]] and other bodily markings which indicated differences in social status.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Lock |first=Margaret |title=Japanese |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of World Cultures CD-ROM |url=http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/anthro/faculty/fiske/135b/japan.htm |access-date=July 10, 2015 |year=1998 |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] }}</ref> Yayoi chiefs, in some parts of Kyūshū, appear to have sponsored, and politically manipulated, trade in bronze and other prestige objects.<ref>[[Richard J. Pearson|Pearson, Richard J.]] Chiefly Exchange Between Kyushu and Okinawa, Japan, in the Yayoi Period. ''Antiquity'' 64(245)912–922, 1990.</ref> That was made possible by the introduction of an irrigated, wet-rice agriculture from the [[Yangtze River|Yangtze]] estuary in southern [[China]] via the [[Ryukyu Islands]] or [[Korean Peninsula]].<ref name="keally-yayoi"/><ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/05/earlier-start-japanese-rice-cultivation Earlier Start for Japanese Rice Cultivation], Dennis Normile, Science, 2003 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160707223555/http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/05/earlier-start-japanese-rice-cultivation archive])</ref> Wet-rice agriculture led to the development and growth of a sedentary, agrarian society in Japan. Local political and social developments in Japan were more important than the activities of the central authority within a stratified society.{{citation needed|date=March 2008}}
Direct comparisons between Jōmon and Yayoi skeletons show that the two peoples are noticeably distinguishable.<ref>[http://www2.edu.ipa.go.jp/gz/k-kda1/k-kca1/k-ksa1/IPA-joe100.htm 縄文人の顔と骨格-骨格の比較] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223125145/http://www2.edu.ipa.go.jp/gz/k-kda1/k-kca1/k-ksa1/IPA-joe100.htm |date=2007-12-23 }}, Information-technology Promotion Agency</ref> The Jōmon tended to be shorter, with relatively longer forearms and lower legs, more deep-set eyes, shorter and wider faces, and much more pronounced facial topography. They also have strikingly raised brow ridges, noses, and nose bridges. Yayoi people, on the other hand, averaged 2.5 cm - 5 cm taller, with shallow-set eyes, high and narrow faces, and flat brow ridges and noses. By the [[Kofun period]], almost all skeletons excavated in Japan except those of the [[Ainu people|Ainu]] are of the Yayoi type with some having small Jomon admixture,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/bitstream/123456789/146/2/04_doi.pdf|title=University of the Ryukyus Repository|website=ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp}}</ref> resembling those of modern-day Japanese.<ref name="JapaneseRoots">{{cite journal |author= Jared Diamond|date=June 1, 1998 |title=Japanese Roots |journal=Discover Magazine |volume=19|issue=6 June 1998 |url=http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455/ |access-date=<!--08:36 (UTC)--> 14 December 2013|author-link=Jared Diamond }}</ref>
== History ==
===Origin of the Yayoi people===
{{Main|Yayoi people}}
{{See also|Genetic history of East Asians}}
[[File:Korea Strait.png|thumb|left|Northern Kyushu is the part of Japan closest to the Asian mainland.]]
The origin of Yayoi culture and the [[Yayoi people]] has long been debated. The earliest archaeological sites are Itazuke or Nabata in the northern part of Kyūshū. Contacts between fishing communities on this coast and the southern coast of Korea date from the Jōmon period, as witnessed by the exchange of trade items such as fishhooks and obsidian.<ref>Mizoguchi (2013), p. 54.</ref> During the Yayoi period, [[Korean influence on Japanese culture|cultural features from Korea]] and China arrived in this area at various times over several centuries, and later spread to the south and east.<ref>{{cite book | chapter = The earliest societies in Japan | given = J. Edward Jr. | surname = Kidder | pages = 48–107 | title = Cambridge History of Japan, vol. 1: Ancient Japan | editor-given = Delmer | editor-surname = Brown | editor-link = Delmer Brown | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-0-521-22352-2}} p. 81.</ref> This was a period of mixture between immigrants and the indigenous population, and between new cultural influences and existing practices.<ref>Mizoguchi (2013), p. 53.</ref>
Chinese influence was obvious in the bronze and copper weapons, [[Bronze mirror|dōkyō]], [[dōtaku]], as well as irrigated paddy rice cultivation. Three major symbols of Yayoi culture are the bronze mirror, the bronze sword, and the royal seal stone.
Between 1996 and 1999, a team led by Satoshi Yamaguchi, a researcher at Japan's [[National Museum of Nature and Science]], compared Yayoi remains found in Japan's [[Yamaguchi Prefecture|Yamaguchi]] and [[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]] prefectures with those from China's coastal [[Jiangsu]] province and found many similarities between the Yayoi and the Jiangsu remains.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-14.html|title=Long Journey to Prehistorical Japan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421054014/http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-14.html|archive-date=21 April 2015|publisher=National Science Museum of Japan|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news111.htm |title=Yayoi linked to Yangtze area: DNA tests reveal similarities to early wet-rice farmers|newspaper=The Japan Times|date=March 19, 1999}}</ref>
[[File:DotakuBronzeBellLateYayoi3rdCenturyCE.jpg|thumb|left|A Yayoi period [[dōtaku]] bell, 3rd century AD]]
Some scholars claimed that Korean influence existed. [[Mark J. Hudson]] has cited archaeological evidence that included "bounded paddy fields, new types of polished stone tools, wooden farming implements, iron tools, weaving technology, ceramic storage jars, exterior bonding of clay coils in pottery fabrication, ditched settlements, domesticated pigs, and jawbone rituals".<ref>{{cite book | author=Mark J. Hudson | title=Ruins of Identity Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands | publisher =University Hawai'i Press | year=1999 | isbn=0-8248-2156-4}}</ref> The migrant transfusion from the Korean peninsula gains strength because Yayoi culture began on the north coast of Kyūshū, where Japan is closest to Korea. Yayoi pottery, burial mounds, and [[food preservation]] were discovered to be very similar to the pottery of southern Korea.<ref name="Diamond">{{cite journal |author= Jared Diamond|date=June 1, 1998 |title=Japanese Roots |journal=Discover Magazine |volume=19|issue=6, June 1998 |url=http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455/ |access-date=2008-05-12 | quote = Unlike Jomon pottery, Yayoi pottery was very similar to contemporary South Korean pottery in shape. Many other elements of the new Yayoi culture were unmistakably Korean and previously foreign to Japan, including bronze objects, weaving, glass beads, and styles of tools and houses.|author-link=Jared Diamond }}</ref>
[[File:Bronze Mirror in Ancient Japan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bronze mirror]] excavated in Tsubai-otsukayama kofun, [[Yamashiro, Kyoto]]]]
However, some scholars argue that the rapid increase of roughly four million people in Japan between the Jōmon and Yayoi periods cannot be explained by migration alone. They attribute the increase primarily to a shift from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural diet on the islands, with the introduction of rice. It is quite likely that rice cultivation and its subsequent deification allowed for a slow and gradual population increase.<ref>Mizoguchi (2013), p. 119.</ref> Regardless, there is archaeological evidence that supports the idea that there was an influx of farmers from the continent to Japan that absorbed or overwhelmed the native hunter-gatherer population.<ref name="Diamond"/>
Some pieces of Yayoi pottery clearly show the influence of Jōmon ceramics. In addition, the Yayoi lived in the same type of pit or circular dwelling as that of the Jōmon. Other examples of commonality are chipped stone tools for hunting, bone tools for fishing, shells in bracelet construction, and lacquer decoration for vessels and accessories.
According to several linguists, Japonic was present on large parts of the southern Korean peninsula. These "Peninsular Japonic languages" were replaced by [[Koreanic languages|Koreanic-speakers]] (possibly belonging to the [[Han languages|Han-branch]]) likely causing the Yayoi migration.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Janhunen |first=Juha |date=2010 |title=Reconstructing the Language Map of Prehistorical Northeast Asia |journal=Studia Orientalia |number=108|quote=... there are strong indications that the neighbouring Baekje state (in the southwest) was predominantly Japonic-speaking until it was linguistically Koreanized.}}</ref><ref name=":1">Vovin, Alexander (2013). "From Koguryo to Tamna: Slowly riding to the South with speakers of Proto-Korean". ''Korean Linguistics''. '''15''' (2): 222–240.</ref> Similarly Whitman (2012) suggests that the Yayoi are not related to the proto-Koreans but that they were present on the Korean peninsula during the [[Mumun pottery period]]. According to him, Japonic arrived in the Korean peninsula around 1500 BC and was brought to the Japanese archipelago by the Yayoi at around 950 BC. The language family associated with both Mumun and Yayoi culture is Japonic. Koreanic arrived later from Manchuria to the Korean peninsula at around 300 BC and coexist with the descendants of the Japonic Mumun cultivators (or assimilated them). Both had influence on each other and a later [[founder effect]] diminished the internal variety of both language families.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Whitman|first=John|date=2011-12-01|title=Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan|journal=Rice|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=149–158|doi=10.1007/s12284-011-9080-0|issn=1939-8433|doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Languages ===
{{Main|Classification of the Japonic languages}}
Most linguists and archaeologists agree that the [[Japonic languages|Japonic language family]] was introduced to and spread through the archipelago during the Yayoi period.
===Emergence of ''Wo'' in Chinese history texts ===
[[File:King of Na gold seal faces.jpg|thumb|The golden seal said to have been granted to the "King of [[Wo (Japan)|Wo]]" by [[Emperor Guangwu of Han]] in 57 AD. It is inscribed ''King of Na of Wo in Han Dynasty'' (漢委奴國王)]]
The earliest written records about people in Japan are from [[China|Chinese]] sources from this period. [[Wo (Japan)|Wo]], the pronunciation of an early Chinese name for Japan, was mentioned in 57 AD; the [[Nakoku|Na state]] of Wo received a golden seal from the [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Emperor Guangwu]] of the Later [[Han dynasty]]. This event was recorded in the ''[[Book of the Later Han]]'' compiled by [[Fan Ye (historian)|Fan Ye]] in the 5th century. The seal itself was discovered in northern Kyūshū in the 18th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://museum.city.fukuoka.jp/en/exhibition.html|title=Gold Seal (Kin-in)|publisher=Fukuoka City Museum|access-date=2007-11-10}}</ref> Wo was also mentioned in 257 in the ''Wei zhi'', a section of the ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' compiled by the 3rd-century scholar [[Chen Shou]].<ref>[http://www.geocities.jp/mb1527/wajinden.htm 魏志倭人伝] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016074410/http://www.geocities.jp/mb1527/wajinden.htm |date=2010-10-16 }}, Chinese texts and its Japanese translation</ref>
Early Chinese historians described Wo as a land of hundreds of scattered tribal communities rather than the unified land with a 700-year tradition as laid out in the 8th-century work ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'', a partly mythical, partly historical account of Japan which dates the foundation of the country at 660 BC. Archaeological evidence also suggests that frequent conflicts between settlements or statelets broke out in the period. Many excavated settlements were moated or built at the tops of hills. Headless human skeletons<ref>{{Cite book|last=Huffman|first=James L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MNzQCwAAQBAJ&q=yoshinogari+headless+skeletons&pg=PA10|title=Japan in World History|date=2010-02-04|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-970974-8|language=en}}</ref> discovered in [[Yoshinogari site]] are regarded as typical examples of finds from the period. In the coastal area of the [[Seto Inland Sea|Inland Sea]], stone arrowheads are often found among funerary objects.
Third-century Chinese sources reported that the [[Wajin (ancient people)|Wa people]] lived on raw fish, vegetables, and rice served on bamboo and wooden trays, clapped their hands in worship (something still done in [[Shinto shrine]]s today), and built earthen-grave mounds. They also maintained vassal-master relations, collected taxes, had provincial granaries and markets, and observed mourning. Society was characterized by violent struggles.
===Yamataikoku===
[[File:Hashihaka-kofun-1.jpg|thumb|right|Hashihaka kofun, [[Sakurai, Nara]]]]
The ''Wei Zhi'' ({{zh|魏志}}), which is part of the Records of the three Kingdoms, first mentions [[Yamataikoku]] and Queen [[Himiko]] in the 3rd century. According to the record, Himiko assumed the throne of Wa, as a spiritual leader, after a [[Civil war of Wa|major civil war]]. Her younger brother was in charge of the affairs of state, including diplomatic relations with the Chinese court of the [[Cao Wei|Kingdom of Wei]].<ref>[http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%80%AD%E4%BA%BA%E4%BC%9D 魏志倭人伝], Chinese texts of the ''Wei Zhi'', [[Wikisource]]</ref> When asked about their origins by the Wei embassy, the people of Wa claimed to be descendants of the [[Taibo]] of [[Wu (region)|Wu]], a historic figure of the [[Wu (state)|Wu Kingdom]] around the [[Yangtze River Delta|Yangtze Delta]] of China. {{Citation needed|reason=Is this really mentioned in the Wei Zhi?|date=January 2019}}
For many years, the location of Yamataikoku and the identity of Queen Himiko have been subject of research. Two possible sites, [[Yoshinogari, Saga|Yoshinogari]] in [[Saga Prefecture]] and [[Makimuku]] in [[Nara Prefecture]] have been suggested.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/1446|title=ヤマト王権はいかにして始まったか|last=Karako-kagi Archaeological Museum|date=2007|website=Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan|access-date=2016-09-01}}</ref> Recent archaeological research in Makimuku suggests that Yamataikoku was located in the area.<ref>[http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/shakai/20080306AT5C0501C05032008.html 古墳２タイプ、同時に出現か・奈良の古墳群で判明]{{Dead link|date=October 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Nikkei Net, March 6, 2008</ref><ref>[http://sankei.jp.msn.com/culture/academic/080306/acd0803060039001-n1.htm 最古級の奈良・桜井“３兄弟古墳”、形状ほぼ判明 卑弥呼の時代に相次いで築造] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308193428/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/culture/academic/080306/acd0803060039001-n1.htm |date=2008-03-08 }}, Sankei Shimbun, March 6, 2008</ref> Some scholars assume that the Hashihaka kofun in Makimuku was the tomb of Himiko. Its relation to the origin of the Yamato polity in the following [[Kofun period]] is also under debate.
== See also ==
{{Portal|Ancient Japan}}
* [[Japanese era name#Unofficial era name system|Japanese era name]]
* [[Ainu people]]
* [[Emishi people]]
* [[Yayoi people]]
* [[Wa_(Japan)]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==Books cited==
* {{cite book |last=Habu |first=Junko |year=2004 |title=Ancient Jomon of Japan |publisher=Cambridge Press |location=Cambridge, MA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGnAbTyTynsC |isbn=978-0-521-77670-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Schirokauer |first=Conrad |year=2013 |title=A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations |publisher=Wadsworth Cengage Learning |location=Boston }}
* {{cite book |last=Silberman |first=Neil Asher |year=2012 |title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York}}
== External links ==
{{Commons|Yayoi period}}
*[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm Yayoi Culture], Department of Asian Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
*[http://www.yamasa.org/history/english/yayoi_jidai.html Yayoi period] at [http://www.yamasa.org/history/english/index.html Japanese History Online (under construction)]
*[http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ANCJAPAN/YAYOI.HTM An article] by Richard Hooker on the Yayoi and the Jōmon.
*[http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/en Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan], Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
*[http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news146.htm Article "Japanese Roots Surprisingly Shallow" from Japan Times]
{{Japan topics}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yayoi Period}}
[[Category:Yayoi period| ]]
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:Ancient peoples]]
[[Category:Archaeological cultures of East Asia]]
[[Category:4th-century BC establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:4th-century disestablishments in Japan]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | ''''<nowiki>{{Short description</nowiki><ref>n|Japanese historical period from 200 BCE to 300 CE}}
{{About|''the Yayoi period in Japanese history|other uses|Yayoi (disambiguation)}}
{{History of Japan |p''''''Italic text''''''Italic text''Âø''''eriods |image=YayoiJar.JPG |Yayoi jar, 1st-3rd century, excavated in Kugahara, [[Ōta, Tokyo]]}}
The {{nihongo|'''Yayoi period'''|{{linktext|弥生|時代</ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ Cool Facts On Japan]<nowiki>}}|Yayoi Jidai}}, started at the beginning of the </nowiki>[[Neolithic]] in Japan, continued through the [[Bronze Age]], and towards its end crossed into the [[Iron Age]].<ref name="Silberman2012"/><ref name="SchirokauerBrown2012"/><ref name="Shinya"/>'''
Since the 1980s, scholars have argued that a period previously classified as a transition from the [[Jōmon period]] should be reclassified as Early Yayoi.<ref>{{cite book |surname=Habu |given=Junko |title=Ancient Jomon of Japan |year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-77670-7 |page=258}}</ref> The date of the beginning of this transition is controversial, with estimates ranging from the 10th to the 6th centuries BC.<ref name="Shinya">{{cite journal |url=http://www.seaa-web.org/bul-essay-01.htm |title=A Comment on the Yayoi Period Dating Controversy |journal=Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology |surname=Shōda |given=Shinya |year=2007 |volume=1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Archaeology of Japan: From the Earliest Rice Farming Villages to the Rise of the State |given=Koji |surname=Mizoguchi |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-521-88490-7 |pages=35–36 }}</ref>
The period is named after the [[Yayoi, Tokyo|neighborhood]] of [[Tokyo]] where [[Archaeology|archaeologists]] first uncovered artifacts and features from that era. Distinguishing characteristics of the Yayoi period include the appearance of new [[Yayoi pottery]] styles and the start of an intensive rice agriculture in [[paddy field]]s. A hierarchical social class structure dates from this period and has its origin in China. Techniques in [[metallurgy]] based on the use of [[bronze]] and [[iron]] were also introduced from China via Korea to Japan in this period.
The Yayoi followed the Jōmon period (14,000 BC – 1,000 BC) and Yayoi culture flourished in a geographic area from southern [[Kyūshū]] to northern [[Honshū]]. Archaeological evidence supports the idea that during this time, an influx of farmers (Yayoi People) from the Korean Peninsula to Japan overwhelmed, and mixed with the native [[hunter-gatherer]] population (Jomon People).
== Features ==
[[File:YoshinogariIseki.jpg|thumb|[[Yoshinogari site]] reconstruction]]
The Yayoi period is generally accepted to date from 300 BC to 300 AD.<ref name="keally-yayoi">{{cite web |url=http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/yayoi.html |title=Yayoi Culture |first=Charles T. |last=Keally |date=2006-06-03 |work=Japanese Archaeology |publisher=Charles T. Keally |access-date=2010-03-19}}</ref> However, radio-carbon evidence suggests a date up to 500 years earlier, between 1,000 BC and 800 BC.<ref name="Silberman2012">Silberman et al., 154–155.</ref><ref name="SchirokauerBrown2012">Schirokauer et al., 133–143.</ref><ref name="Shinya"/> During this period Japan transitioned to a settled agricultural society.<ref>{{cite book | given = Stuart D. B. | surname = Picken | pages = 13 | title = Historical Dictionary of Japanese Business| publisher = Scarecrow Press}}</ref><ref name="University of Hawaii Press">{{cite book | given = Keiji | surname = Imamura | pages = 13 | title = Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia | publisher = University of Hawaii Press}}</ref>
The earliest archaeological evidence of the Yayoi is found on northern [[Kyūshū]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/e_kenkyuu/report2004.html|title=Annual Report on Research Activity 2004|website=www.rekihaku.ac.jp}}</ref> but that is still debated. Yayoi culture quickly spread to the main island of Honshū, mixing with native Jōmon culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/255/245|title=Eastern Japanese Pottery During the Jomon-Yayoi Transition: A Study in Forager-Farmer Interaction |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923052256/http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/255/245 |archive-date=2009-09-23 |url-status=dead |author=Seiji Kobayashi |publisher=[[Kokugakuin Tochigi Junior College]]}}</ref> A recent study that used [[accelerator mass spectrometry]] to analyze carbonized remains on pottery and wooden stakes, suggests that they dated back to the 9th century BC, 500 years earlier than previously believed.<ref name="Shinya"/>
The name Yayoi is borrowed from a location in [[Tokyo]] where pottery of the Yayoi period was first found.<ref name="University of Hawaii Press"/> Yayoi [[pottery]] was simply decorated and produced using the same coiling technique previously used in Jōmon pottery.<ref>http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm</ref> Yayoi craft specialists made [[bronze]] ceremonial bells (''[[dōtaku]]''), mirrors, and weapons. By the 1st century AD, Yayoi people began using [[iron]] agricultural tools and weapons.
As the Yayoi population increased, the society became more stratified and complex. They wove [[textiles]], lived in permanent farming villages, and constructed buildings with wood and stone. They also accumulated wealth through land ownership and the storage of grain. Such factors promoted the development of distinct social classes. Contemporary Chinese sources described the people as having [[tattoos]] and other bodily markings which indicated differences in social status.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Lock |first=Margaret |title=Japanese |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of World Cultures CD-ROM |url=http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/anthro/faculty/fiske/135b/japan.htm |access-date=July 10, 2015 |year=1998 |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] }}</ref> Yayoi chiefs, in some parts of Kyūshū, appear to have sponsored, and politically manipulated, trade in bronze and other prestige objects.<ref>[[Richard J. Pearson|Pearson, Richard J.]] Chiefly Exchange Between Kyushu and Okinawa, Japan, in the Yayoi Period. ''Antiquity'' 64(245)912–922, 1990.</ref> That was made possible by the introduction of an irrigated, wet-rice agriculture from the [[Yangtze River|Yangtze]] estuary in southern [[China]] via the [[Ryukyu Islands]] or [[Korean Peninsula]].<ref name="keally-yayoi"/><ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/05/earlier-start-japanese-rice-cultivation Earlier Start for Japanese Rice Cultivation], Dennis Normile, Science, 2003 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160707223555/http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/05/earlier-start-japanese-rice-cultivation archive])</ref> Wet-rice agriculture led to the development and growth of a sedentary, agrarian society in Japan. Local political and social developments in Japan were more important than the activities of the central authority within a stratified society.{{citation needed|date=March 2008}}
Direct comparisons between Jōmon and Yayoi skeletons show that the two peoples are noticeably distinguishable.<ref>[http://www2.edu.ipa.go.jp/gz/k-kda1/k-kca1/k-ksa1/IPA-joe100.htm 縄文人の顔と骨格-骨格の比較] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223125145/http://www2.edu.ipa.go.jp/gz/k-kda1/k-kca1/k-ksa1/IPA-joe100.htm |date=2007-12-23 }}, Information-technology Promotion Agency</ref> The Jōmon tended to be shorter, with relatively longer forearms and lower legs, more deep-set eyes, shorter and wider faces, and much more pronounced facial topography. They also have strikingly raised brow ridges, noses, and nose bridges. Yayoi people, on the other hand, averaged 2.5 cm - 5 cm taller, with shallow-set eyes, high and narrow faces, and flat brow ridges and noses. By the [[Kofun period]], almost all skeletons excavated in Japan except those of the [[Ainu people|Ainu]] are of the Yayoi type with some having small Jomon admixture,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/bitstream/123456789/146/2/04_doi.pdf|title=University of the Ryukyus Repository|website=ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp}}</ref> resembling those of modern-day Japanese.<ref name="JapaneseRoots">{{cite journal |author= Jared Diamond|date=June 1, 1998 |title=Japanese Roots |journal=Discover Magazine |volume=19|issue=6 June 1998 |url=http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455/ |access-date=<!--08:36 (UTC)--> 14 December 2013|author-link=Jared Diamond }}</ref>
== History ==
===Origin of the Yayoi people===
{{Main|Yayoi people}}
{{See also|Genetic history of East Asians}}
[[File:Korea Strait.png|thumb|left|Northern Kyushu is the part of Japan closest to the Asian mainland.]]
The origin of Yayoi culture and the [[Yayoi people]] has long been debated. The earliest archaeological sites are Itazuke or Nabata in the northern part of Kyūshū. Contacts between fishing communities on this coast and the southern coast of Korea date from the Jōmon period, as witnessed by the exchange of trade items such as fishhooks and obsidian.<ref>Mizoguchi (2013), p. 54.</ref> During the Yayoi period, [[Korean influence on Japanese culture|cultural features from Korea]] and China arrived in this area at various times over several centuries, and later spread to the south and east.<ref>{{cite book | chapter = The earliest societies in Japan | given = J. Edward Jr. | surname = Kidder | pages = 48–107 | title = Cambridge History of Japan, vol. 1: Ancient Japan | editor-given = Delmer | editor-surname = Brown | editor-link = Delmer Brown | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-0-521-22352-2}} p. 81.</ref> This was a period of mixture between immigrants and the indigenous population, and between new cultural influences and existing practices.<ref>Mizoguchi (2013), p. 53.</ref>
Chinese influence was obvious in the bronze and copper weapons, [[Bronze mirror|dōkyō]], [[dōtaku]], as well as irrigated paddy rice cultivation. Three major symbols of Yayoi culture are the bronze mirror, the bronze sword, and the royal seal stone.
Between 1996 and 1999, a team led by Satoshi Yamaguchi, a researcher at Japan's [[National Museum of Nature and Science]], compared Yayoi remains found in Japan's [[Yamaguchi Prefecture|Yamaguchi]] and [[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]] prefectures with those from China's coastal [[Jiangsu]] province and found many similarities between the Yayoi and the Jiangsu remains.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-14.html|title=Long Journey to Prehistorical Japan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421054014/http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-14.html|archive-date=21 April 2015|publisher=National Science Museum of Japan|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news111.htm |title=Yayoi linked to Yangtze area: DNA tests reveal similarities to early wet-rice farmers|newspaper=The Japan Times|date=March 19, 1999}}</ref>
[[File:DotakuBronzeBellLateYayoi3rdCenturyCE.jpg|thumb|left|A Yayoi period [[dōtaku]] bell, 3rd century AD]]
Some scholars claimed that Korean influence existed. [[Mark J. Hudson]] has cited archaeological evidence that included "bounded paddy fields, new types of polished stone tools, wooden farming implements, iron tools, weaving technology, ceramic storage jars, exterior bonding of clay coils in pottery fabrication, ditched settlements, domesticated pigs, and jawbone rituals".<ref>{{cite book | author=Mark J. Hudson | title=Ruins of Identity Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands | publisher =University Hawai'i Press | year=1999 | isbn=0-8248-2156-4}}</ref> The migrant transfusion from the Korean peninsula gains strength because Yayoi culture began on the north coast of Kyūshū, where Japan is closest to Korea. Yayoi pottery, burial mounds, and [[food preservation]] were discovered to be very similar to the pottery of southern Korea.<ref name="Diamond">{{cite journal |author= Jared Diamond|date=June 1, 1998 |title=Japanese Roots |journal=Discover Magazine |volume=19|issue=6, June 1998 |url=http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455/ |access-date=2008-05-'''''Italic text''12 | quote = Unlike Jomon pottery, Yayoi pottery was very similar to contemporary South Korean pottery in shape. Many other elements of the new Yayoi culture were unmistakably Korean and previously foreign to Japan, including bronze objects, weaving, glass beads, and styles of tools and houses.|author-link=Jared Diamond }}</ref>
[[File:Bronze Mirror in Ancient Japan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bronze mirror]] excavated in Tsubai-otsukayama kofun, [[Yamashiro, Kyoto]]]]
However, some scholars argue that the rapid increase of roughly four million people in Japan between the Jōmon and Yayoi periods cannot be explained by migration alone. They attribute the increase primarily to a shift from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural diet on the islands, with the introduction of rice. It is quite likely that rice cultivation and its subsequent deification allowed for a slow and gradual population increase.<ref>Mizoguchi (2013), p. 119.</ref> Regardless, there is archaeological evidence that supports the idea that there was an influx of farmers from the continent to Japan that absorbed or overwhelmed the native hunter-gatherer population.<ref name="Diamond"/>
Some pieces of Yayoi pottery clearly show the influence of Jōmon ceramics. In addition, the Yayoi lived in the same type of pit or circular dwelling as that of the Jōmon. Other examples of commonality are chipped stone tools for hunting, bone tools for fishing, shells in bracelet construction, and lacquer decoration for vessels and accessories.
According to several linguists, Japonic was present on large parts of the southern Korean peninsula. These "Peninsular Japonic languages" were replaced by [[Koreanic languages|Koreanic-speakers]] (possibly belonging to the [[Han languages|Han-branch]]) likely causing the Yayoi migration.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Janhunen |first=Juha |date=2010 |title=Reconstructing the Language Map of Prehistorical Northeast Asia |journal=Studia Orientalia |number=108|quote=... there are strong indications that the neighbouring Baekje state (in the southwest) was predominantly Japonic-speaking until it was linguistically Koreanized.}}</ref><ref name=":1">Vovin, Alexander (2013). "From Koguryo to Tamna: Slowly riding to the South with speakers of Proto-Korean". ''Korean Linguistics''. '''15''' (2): 222–240.</ref> Similarly Whitman (2012) suggests that the Yayoi are not related to the proto-Koreans but that they were present on the Korean peninsula during the [[Mumun pottery period]]. According to him, Japonic arrived in the Korean peninsula around 1500 BC and was brought to the Japanese archipelago by the Yayoi at around 950 BC. The language family associated with both Mumun and Yayoi culture is Japonic. Koreanic arrived later from Manchuria to the Korean peninsula at around 300 BC and coexist with the descendants of the Japonic Mumun cultivators (or assimilated them). Both had influence on each other and a later [[founder effect]] diminished the internal variety of both language families.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Whitman|first=John|date=2011-12-01|title=Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan|journal=Rice|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=149–158|doi=10.1007/s12284-011-9080-0|issn=1939-8433|doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Languages ===
{{Main|Classification of the Japonic languages}}
Most linguists and archaeologists agree that the [[Japonic languages|Japonic language family]] was introduced to and spread through the archipelago during the Yayoi period.
===Emergence of ''Wo'' in Chinese history texts ===
[[File:King of Na gold seal faces.jpg|thumb|The golden seal said to have been granted to the "King of [[Wo (Japan)|Wo]]" by [[Emperor Guangwu of Han]] in 57 AD. It is inscribed ''King of Na of Wo in Han Dynasty'' (漢委奴國王)]]
The earliest written records about people in Japan are from [[China|Chinese]] sources from this period. [[Wo (Japan)|Wo]], the pronunciation of an early Chinese name for Japan, was mentioned in 57 AD; the [[Nakoku|Na state]] of Wo received a golden seal from the [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Emperor Guangwu]] of the Later [[Han dynasty]]. This event was recorded in the ''[[Book of the Later Han]]'' compiled by [[Fan Ye (historian)|Fan Ye]] in the 5th century. The seal itself was discovered in northern Kyūshū in the 18th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://museum.city.fukuoka.jp/en/exhibition.html|title=Gold Seal (Kin-in)|publisher=Fukuoka City Museum|access-date=2007-11-10}}</ref> Wo was also mentioned in 257 in the ''Wei zhi'', a section of the ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' compiled by the 3rd-century scholar [[Chen Shou]].<ref>[http://www.geocities.jp/mb1527/wajinden.htm 魏志倭人伝] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016074410/http://www.geocities.jp/mb1527/wajinden.htm |date=2010-10-16 }}, Chinese texts and its Japanese translation</ref>
Early Chinese historians described Wo as a land of hundreds of scattered tribal communities rather than the unified land with a 700-year tradition as laid out in the 8th-century work ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'', a partly mythical, partly historical account of Japan which dates the foundation of the country at 660 BC. Archaeological evidence also suggests that frequent conflicts between settlements or statelets broke out in the period. Many excavated settlements were moated or built at the tops of hills. Headless human skeletons<ref>{{Cite book|last=Huffman|first=James L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MNzQCwAAQBAJ&q=yoshinogari+headless+skeletons&pg=PA10|title=Japan in World History|date=2010-02-04|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-970974-8|language=en}}</ref> discovered in [[Yoshinogari site]] are regarded as typical examples of finds from the period. In the coastal area of the [[Seto Inland Sea|Inland Sea]], stone arrowheads are often found among funerary objects.
Third-century Chinese sources reported that the [[Wajin (ancient people)|Wa people]] lived on raw fish, vegetables, and rice served on bamboo and wooden trays, clapped their hands in worship (something still done in [[Shinto shrine]]s today), and built earthen-grave mounds. They also maintained vassal-master relations, collected taxes, had provincial granaries and markets, and observed mourning. Society was characterized by violent struggles.
===Yamataikoku===
[[File:Hashihaka-kofun-1.jpg|thumb|right|Hashihaka kofun, [[Sakurai, Nara]]]]
The ''Wei Zhi'' ({{zh|魏志}}), which is part of the Records of the three Kingdoms, first mentions [[Yamataikoku]] and Queen [[Himiko]] in the 3rd century. According to the record, Himiko assumed the throne of Wa, as a spiritual leader, after a [[Civil war of Wa|major civil war]]. Her younger brother was in charge of the affairs of state, including diplomatic relations with the Chinese court of the [[Cao Wei|Kingdom of Wei]].<ref>[http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%80%AD%E4%BA%BA%E4%BC%9D 魏志倭人伝], Chinese texts of the ''Wei Zhi'', [[Wikisource]]</ref> When asked about their origins by the Wei embassy, the people of Wa claimed to be descendants of the [[Taibo]] of [[Wu (region)|Wu]], a historic figure of the [[Wu (state)|Wu Kingdom]] around the [[Yangtze River Delta|Yangtze Delta]] of China. {{Citation needed|reason=Is this really mentioned in the Wei Zhi?|date=January 2019}}
For many years, the location of Yamataikoku and the identity of Queen Himiko have been subject of research. Two possible sites, [[Yoshinogari, Saga|Yoshinogari]] in [[Saga Prefecture]] and [[Makimuku]] in [[Nara Prefecture]] have been suggested.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/1446|title=ヤマト王権はいかにして始まったか|last=Karako-kagi Archaeological Museum|date=2007|website=Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan|access-date=2016-09-01}}</ref> Recent archaeological research in Makimuku suggests that Yamataikoku was located in the area.<ref>[http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/shakai/20080306AT5C0501C05032008.html 古墳２タイプ、同時に出現か・奈良の古墳群で判明]{{Dead link|date=October 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Nikkei Net, March 6, 2008</ref><ref>[http://sankei.jp.msn.com/culture/academic/080306/acd0803060039001-n1.htm 最古級の奈良・桜井“３兄弟古墳”、形状ほぼ判明 卑弥呼の時代に相次いで築造] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308193428/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/culture/academic/080306/acd0803060039001-n1.htm |date=2008-03-08 }}, Sankei Shimbun, March 6, 2008</ref> Some scholars assume that the Hashihaka kofun in Makimuku was the tomb of Himiko. Its relation to the origin of the Yamato polity in the following [[Kofun period]] is also under debate.
== See also ==
{{Portal|Ancient Japan}}
* [[Japanese era name#Unofficial era name system|Japanese era name]]
* [[Ainu people]]
* [[Emishi people]]
* [[Yayoi people]]
* [[Wa_(Japan)]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==Books cited==
* {{cite book |last=Habu |first=Junko |year=2004 |title=Ancient Jomon of Japan |publisher=Cambridge Press |location=Cambridge, MA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGnAbTyTynsC |isbn=978-0-521-77670-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Schirokauer |first=Conrad |year=2013 |title=A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations |publisher=Wadsworth Cengage Learning |location=Boston }}
* {{cite book |last=Silberman |first=Neil Asher |year=2012 |title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York}}
== External links ==
{{Commons|Yayoi period}}
*[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm Yayoi Culture], Department of Asian Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
*[http://www.yamasa.org/history/english/yayoi_jidai.html Yayoi period] at [http://www.yamasa.org/history/english/index.html Japanese History Online (under construction)]
*[http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ANCJAPAN/YAYOI.HTM An article] by Richard Hooker on the Yayoi and the Jōmon.
*[http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/en Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan], Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
*[http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news146.htm Article "Japanese Roots Surprisingly Shallow" from Japan Times]
{{Japan topics}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yayoi Period}}
[[Category:Yayoi period| ]]
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:Ancient peoples]]
[[Category:Archaeological cultures of East Asia]]
[[Category:4th-century BC establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:4th-century disestablishments in Japan]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-{{Short description|Japanese historical period from 200 BCE to 300 CE}}
-{{About|the Yayoi period in Japanese history|other uses|Yayoi (disambiguation)}}
-{{History of Japan |periods |image=YayoiJar.JPG |Yayoi jar, 1st-3rd century, excavated in Kugahara, [[Ōta, Tokyo]]}}
-The {{nihongo|'''Yayoi period'''|{{linktext|弥生|時代}}|Yayoi jidai}}, started at the beginning of the [[Neolithic]] in Japan, continued through the [[Bronze Age]], and towards its end crossed into the [[Iron Age]].<ref name="Silberman2012"/><ref name="SchirokauerBrown2012"/><ref name="Shinya"/>
+'''<nowiki>{{Short description</nowiki><ref>n|Japanese historical period from 200 BCE to 300 CE}}
+{{About|''the Yayoi period in Japanese history|other uses|Yayoi (disambiguation)}}
+{{History of Japan |p''''''Italic text''''''Italic text''Âø''''eriods |image=YayoiJar.JPG |Yayoi jar, 1st-3rd century, excavated in Kugahara, [[Ōta, Tokyo]]}}
+The {{nihongo|'''Yayoi period'''|{{linktext|弥生|時代</ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ Cool Facts On Japan]<nowiki>}}|Yayoi Jidai}}, started at the beginning of the </nowiki>[[Neolithic]] in Japan, continued through the [[Bronze Age]], and towards its end crossed into the [[Iron Age]].<ref name="Silberman2012"/><ref name="SchirokauerBrown2012"/><ref name="Shinya"/>'''
Since the 1980s, scholars have argued that a period previously classified as a transition from the [[Jōmon period]] should be reclassified as Early Yayoi.<ref>{{cite book |surname=Habu |given=Junko |title=Ancient Jomon of Japan |year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-77670-7 |page=258}}</ref> The date of the beginning of this transition is controversial, with estimates ranging from the 10th to the 6th centuries BC.<ref name="Shinya">{{cite journal |url=http://www.seaa-web.org/bul-essay-01.htm |title=A Comment on the Yayoi Period Dating Controversy |journal=Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology |surname=Shōda |given=Shinya |year=2007 |volume=1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Archaeology of Japan: From the Earliest Rice Farming Villages to the Rise of the State |given=Koji |surname=Mizoguchi |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-521-88490-7 |pages=35–36 }}</ref>
@@ -38,5 +38,5 @@
[[File:DotakuBronzeBellLateYayoi3rdCenturyCE.jpg|thumb|left|A Yayoi period [[dōtaku]] bell, 3rd century AD]]
-Some scholars claimed that Korean influence existed. [[Mark J. Hudson]] has cited archaeological evidence that included "bounded paddy fields, new types of polished stone tools, wooden farming implements, iron tools, weaving technology, ceramic storage jars, exterior bonding of clay coils in pottery fabrication, ditched settlements, domesticated pigs, and jawbone rituals".<ref>{{cite book | author=Mark J. Hudson | title=Ruins of Identity Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands | publisher =University Hawai'i Press | year=1999 | isbn=0-8248-2156-4}}</ref> The migrant transfusion from the Korean peninsula gains strength because Yayoi culture began on the north coast of Kyūshū, where Japan is closest to Korea. Yayoi pottery, burial mounds, and [[food preservation]] were discovered to be very similar to the pottery of southern Korea.<ref name="Diamond">{{cite journal |author= Jared Diamond|date=June 1, 1998 |title=Japanese Roots |journal=Discover Magazine |volume=19|issue=6, June 1998 |url=http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455/ |access-date=2008-05-12 | quote = Unlike Jomon pottery, Yayoi pottery was very similar to contemporary South Korean pottery in shape. Many other elements of the new Yayoi culture were unmistakably Korean and previously foreign to Japan, including bronze objects, weaving, glass beads, and styles of tools and houses.|author-link=Jared Diamond }}</ref>
+Some scholars claimed that Korean influence existed. [[Mark J. Hudson]] has cited archaeological evidence that included "bounded paddy fields, new types of polished stone tools, wooden farming implements, iron tools, weaving technology, ceramic storage jars, exterior bonding of clay coils in pottery fabrication, ditched settlements, domesticated pigs, and jawbone rituals".<ref>{{cite book | author=Mark J. Hudson | title=Ruins of Identity Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands | publisher =University Hawai'i Press | year=1999 | isbn=0-8248-2156-4}}</ref> The migrant transfusion from the Korean peninsula gains strength because Yayoi culture began on the north coast of Kyūshū, where Japan is closest to Korea. Yayoi pottery, burial mounds, and [[food preservation]] were discovered to be very similar to the pottery of southern Korea.<ref name="Diamond">{{cite journal |author= Jared Diamond|date=June 1, 1998 |title=Japanese Roots |journal=Discover Magazine |volume=19|issue=6, June 1998 |url=http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455/ |access-date=2008-05-'''''Italic text''12 | quote = Unlike Jomon pottery, Yayoi pottery was very similar to contemporary South Korean pottery in shape. Many other elements of the new Yayoi culture were unmistakably Korean and previously foreign to Japan, including bronze objects, weaving, glass beads, and styles of tools and houses.|author-link=Jared Diamond }}</ref>
[[File:Bronze Mirror in Ancient Japan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bronze mirror]] excavated in Tsubai-otsukayama kofun, [[Yamashiro, Kyoto]]]]
' |
New page size (new_size) | 22945 |
Old page size (old_size) | 22763 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | 182 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => ''''<nowiki>{{Short description</nowiki><ref>n|Japanese historical period from 200 BCE to 300 CE}}',
1 => '{{About|''the Yayoi period in Japanese history|other uses|Yayoi (disambiguation)}}',
2 => '{{History of Japan |p''''''Italic text''''''Italic text''Âø''''eriods |image=YayoiJar.JPG |Yayoi jar, 1st-3rd century, excavated in Kugahara, [[Ōta, Tokyo]]}}',
3 => 'The {{nihongo|'''Yayoi period'''|{{linktext|弥生|時代</ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ Cool Facts On Japan]<nowiki>}}|Yayoi Jidai}}, started at the beginning of the </nowiki>[[Neolithic]] in Japan, continued through the [[Bronze Age]], and towards its end crossed into the [[Iron Age]].<ref name="Silberman2012"/><ref name="SchirokauerBrown2012"/><ref name="Shinya"/>''' ',
4 => 'Some scholars claimed that Korean influence existed. [[Mark J. Hudson]] has cited archaeological evidence that included "bounded paddy fields, new types of polished stone tools, wooden farming implements, iron tools, weaving technology, ceramic storage jars, exterior bonding of clay coils in pottery fabrication, ditched settlements, domesticated pigs, and jawbone rituals".<ref>{{cite book | author=Mark J. Hudson | title=Ruins of Identity Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands | publisher =University Hawai'i Press | year=1999 | isbn=0-8248-2156-4}}</ref> The migrant transfusion from the Korean peninsula gains strength because Yayoi culture began on the north coast of Kyūshū, where Japan is closest to Korea. Yayoi pottery, burial mounds, and [[food preservation]] were discovered to be very similar to the pottery of southern Korea.<ref name="Diamond">{{cite journal |author= Jared Diamond|date=June 1, 1998 |title=Japanese Roots |journal=Discover Magazine |volume=19|issue=6, June 1998 |url=http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455/ |access-date=2008-05-'''''Italic text''12 | quote = Unlike Jomon pottery, Yayoi pottery was very similar to contemporary South Korean pottery in shape. Many other elements of the new Yayoi culture were unmistakably Korean and previously foreign to Japan, including bronze objects, weaving, glass beads, and styles of tools and houses.|author-link=Jared Diamond }}</ref>'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{Short description|Japanese historical period from 200 BCE to 300 CE}}',
1 => '{{About|the Yayoi period in Japanese history|other uses|Yayoi (disambiguation)}}',
2 => '{{History of Japan |periods |image=YayoiJar.JPG |Yayoi jar, 1st-3rd century, excavated in Kugahara, [[Ōta, Tokyo]]}}',
3 => 'The {{nihongo|'''Yayoi period'''|{{linktext|弥生|時代}}|Yayoi jidai}}, started at the beginning of the [[Neolithic]] in Japan, continued through the [[Bronze Age]], and towards its end crossed into the [[Iron Age]].<ref name="Silberman2012"/><ref name="SchirokauerBrown2012"/><ref name="Shinya"/>',
4 => 'Some scholars claimed that Korean influence existed. [[Mark J. Hudson]] has cited archaeological evidence that included "bounded paddy fields, new types of polished stone tools, wooden farming implements, iron tools, weaving technology, ceramic storage jars, exterior bonding of clay coils in pottery fabrication, ditched settlements, domesticated pigs, and jawbone rituals".<ref>{{cite book | author=Mark J. Hudson | title=Ruins of Identity Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands | publisher =University Hawai'i Press | year=1999 | isbn=0-8248-2156-4}}</ref> The migrant transfusion from the Korean peninsula gains strength because Yayoi culture began on the north coast of Kyūshū, where Japan is closest to Korea. Yayoi pottery, burial mounds, and [[food preservation]] were discovered to be very similar to the pottery of southern Korea.<ref name="Diamond">{{cite journal |author= Jared Diamond|date=June 1, 1998 |title=Japanese Roots |journal=Discover Magazine |volume=19|issue=6, June 1998 |url=http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455/ |access-date=2008-05-12 | quote = Unlike Jomon pottery, Yayoi pottery was very similar to contemporary South Korean pottery in shape. Many other elements of the new Yayoi culture were unmistakably Korean and previously foreign to Japan, including bronze objects, weaving, glass beads, and styles of tools and houses.|author-link=Jared Diamond }}</ref>'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [
0 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ'
] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
0 => 'http://www.seaa-web.org/bul-essay-01.htm',
1 => 'http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/yayoi.html',
2 => 'http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/e_kenkyuu/report2004.html',
3 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090923052256/http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/255/245',
4 => 'http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/255/245',
5 => 'http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/anthro/faculty/fiske/135b/japan.htm',
6 => 'http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/05/earlier-start-japanese-rice-cultivation',
7 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160707223555/http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/05/earlier-start-japanese-rice-cultivation',
8 => 'http://www2.edu.ipa.go.jp/gz/k-kda1/k-kca1/k-ksa1/IPA-joe100.htm',
9 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20071223125145/http://www2.edu.ipa.go.jp/gz/k-kda1/k-kca1/k-ksa1/IPA-joe100.htm',
10 => 'http://ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/bitstream/123456789/146/2/04_doi.pdf',
11 => 'http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455/',
12 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150421054014/http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-14.html',
13 => 'http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-14.html',
14 => 'http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news111.htm',
15 => '//doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12284-011-9080-0',
16 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/1939-8433',
17 => 'http://museum.city.fukuoka.jp/en/exhibition.html',
18 => 'http://www.geocities.jp/mb1527/wajinden.htm',
19 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20101016074410/http://www.geocities.jp/mb1527/wajinden.htm',
20 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=MNzQCwAAQBAJ&q=yoshinogari+headless+skeletons&pg=PA10',
21 => 'http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%80%AD%E4%BA%BA%E4%BC%9D',
22 => 'http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/1446',
23 => 'http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/shakai/20080306AT5C0501C05032008.html',
24 => 'http://sankei.jp.msn.com/culture/academic/080306/acd0803060039001-n1.htm',
25 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20080308193428/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/culture/academic/080306/acd0803060039001-n1.htm',
26 => 'http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm',
27 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207858#identifiers',
28 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ',
29 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=vGnAbTyTynsC',
30 => 'http://www.yamasa.org/history/english/yayoi_jidai.html',
31 => 'http://www.yamasa.org/history/english/index.html',
32 => 'http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ANCJAPAN/YAYOI.HTM',
33 => 'http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/en',
34 => 'http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news146.htm',
35 => 'https://d-nb.info/gnd/4413508-7',
36 => 'https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574249'
] |
Links in the page, before the edit (old_links) | [
0 => '//doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12284-011-9080-0',
1 => '//doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12284-011-9080-0',
2 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/1939-8433',
3 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/1939-8433',
4 => 'http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455/',
5 => 'http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/255/245',
6 => 'http://ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/bitstream/123456789/146/2/04_doi.pdf',
7 => 'http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%80%AD%E4%BA%BA%E4%BC%9D',
8 => 'http://museum.city.fukuoka.jp/en/exhibition.html',
9 => 'http://sankei.jp.msn.com/culture/academic/080306/acd0803060039001-n1.htm',
10 => 'http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/1446',
11 => 'http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/en',
12 => 'http://www.geocities.jp/mb1527/wajinden.htm',
13 => 'http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-14.html',
14 => 'http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm',
15 => 'http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/shakai/20080306AT5C0501C05032008.html',
16 => 'http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/e_kenkyuu/report2004.html',
17 => 'http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/05/earlier-start-japanese-rice-cultivation',
18 => 'http://www.seaa-web.org/bul-essay-01.htm',
19 => 'http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/anthro/faculty/fiske/135b/japan.htm',
20 => 'http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/yayoi.html',
21 => 'http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news111.htm',
22 => 'http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news146.htm',
23 => 'http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ANCJAPAN/YAYOI.HTM',
24 => 'http://www.yamasa.org/history/english/index.html',
25 => 'http://www.yamasa.org/history/english/yayoi_jidai.html',
26 => 'http://www2.edu.ipa.go.jp/gz/k-kda1/k-kca1/k-ksa1/IPA-joe100.htm',
27 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=MNzQCwAAQBAJ&q=yoshinogari+headless+skeletons&pg=PA10',
28 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=vGnAbTyTynsC',
29 => 'https://d-nb.info/gnd/4413508-7',
30 => 'https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574249',
31 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20071223125145/http://www2.edu.ipa.go.jp/gz/k-kda1/k-kca1/k-ksa1/IPA-joe100.htm',
32 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20080308193428/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/culture/academic/080306/acd0803060039001-n1.htm',
33 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090923052256/http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/255/245',
34 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20101016074410/http://www.geocities.jp/mb1527/wajinden.htm',
35 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150421054014/http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-14.html',
36 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160707223555/http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/05/earlier-start-japanese-rice-cultivation',
37 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207858#identifiers'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><p><b>{{Short description<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ">Cool Facts On Japan</a>}}|Yayoi Jidai}}, started at the beginning of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> in Japan, continued through the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, and towards its end crossed into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Silberman2012_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silberman2012-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SchirokauerBrown2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchirokauerBrown2012-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shinya_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinya-4">[4]</a></sup></b>
</p><p>Since the 1980s, scholars have argued that a period previously classified as a transition from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon period</a> should be reclassified as Early Yayoi.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> The date of the beginning of this transition is controversial, with estimates ranging from the 10th to the 6th centuries BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Shinya_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinya-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>The period is named after the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yayoi,_Tokyo" title="Yayoi, Tokyo">neighborhood</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> where <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeologists</a> first uncovered artifacts and features from that era. Distinguishing characteristics of the Yayoi period include the appearance of new <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yayoi_pottery" title="Yayoi pottery">Yayoi pottery</a> styles and the start of an intensive rice agriculture in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paddy_field" title="Paddy field">paddy fields</a>. A hierarchical social class structure dates from this period and has its origin in China. Techniques in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a> based on the use of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> were also introduced from China via Korea to Japan in this period.
</p><p>The Yayoi followed the Jōmon period (14,000 BC – 1,000 BC) and Yayoi culture flourished in a geographic area from southern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a> to northern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Honshū">Honshū</a>. Archaeological evidence supports the idea that during this time, an influx of farmers (Yayoi People) from the Korean Peninsula to Japan overwhelmed, and mixed with the native <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a> population (Jomon People).
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Features"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Features</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Origin_of_the_Yayoi_people"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Origin of the Yayoi people</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Languages"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Languages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Emergence_of_Wo_in_Chinese_history_texts"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Emergence of <i>Wo</i> in Chinese history texts</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Yamataikoku"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Yamataikoku</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Books_cited"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Books cited</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Features">Features</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yayoi_period&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:YoshinogariIseki.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/YoshinogariIseki.jpg/220px-YoshinogariIseki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/YoshinogariIseki.jpg/330px-YoshinogariIseki.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/YoshinogariIseki.jpg/440px-YoshinogariIseki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="1500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:YoshinogariIseki.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yoshinogari_site" title="Yoshinogari site">Yoshinogari site</a> reconstruction</div></div></div>
<p>The Yayoi period is generally accepted to date from 300 BC to 300 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-keally-yayoi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keally-yayoi-7">[7]</a></sup> However, radio-carbon evidence suggests a date up to 500 years earlier, between 1,000 BC and 800 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Silberman2012_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silberman2012-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SchirokauerBrown2012_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchirokauerBrown2012-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shinya_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinya-4">[4]</a></sup> During this period Japan transitioned to a settled agricultural society.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-University_of_Hawaii_Press_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_of_Hawaii_Press-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>The earliest archaeological evidence of the Yayoi is found on northern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> but that is still debated. Yayoi culture quickly spread to the main island of Honshū, mixing with native Jōmon culture.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> A recent study that used <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Accelerator_mass_spectrometry" title="Accelerator mass spectrometry">accelerator mass spectrometry</a> to analyze carbonized remains on pottery and wooden stakes, suggests that they dated back to the 9th century BC, 500 years earlier than previously believed.<sup id="cite_ref-Shinya_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinya-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>The name Yayoi is borrowed from a location in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> where pottery of the Yayoi period was first found.<sup id="cite_ref-University_of_Hawaii_Press_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_of_Hawaii_Press-9">[9]</a></sup> Yayoi <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a> was simply decorated and produced using the same coiling technique previously used in Jōmon pottery.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> Yayoi craft specialists made <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> ceremonial bells (<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/D%C5%8Dtaku" title="Dōtaku">dōtaku</a></i>), mirrors, and weapons. By the 1st century AD, Yayoi people began using <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> agricultural tools and weapons.
</p><p>As the Yayoi population increased, the society became more stratified and complex. They wove <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles">textiles</a>, lived in permanent farming villages, and constructed buildings with wood and stone. They also accumulated wealth through land ownership and the storage of grain. Such factors promoted the development of distinct social classes. Contemporary Chinese sources described the people as having <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tattoos" class="mw-redirect" title="Tattoos">tattoos</a> and other bodily markings which indicated differences in social status.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> Yayoi chiefs, in some parts of Kyūshū, appear to have sponsored, and politically manipulated, trade in bronze and other prestige objects.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> That was made possible by the introduction of an irrigated, wet-rice agriculture from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze</a> estuary in southern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> via the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a> or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-keally-yayoi_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keally-yayoi-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> Wet-rice agriculture led to the development and growth of a sedentary, agrarian society in Japan. Local political and social developments in Japan were more important than the activities of the central authority within a stratified society.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>Direct comparisons between Jōmon and Yayoi skeletons show that the two peoples are noticeably distinguishable.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> The Jōmon tended to be shorter, with relatively longer forearms and lower legs, more deep-set eyes, shorter and wider faces, and much more pronounced facial topography. They also have strikingly raised brow ridges, noses, and nose bridges. Yayoi people, on the other hand, averaged 2.5 cm - 5 cm taller, with shallow-set eyes, high and narrow faces, and flat brow ridges and noses. By the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a>, almost all skeletons excavated in Japan except those of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a> are of the Yayoi type with some having small Jomon admixture,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> resembling those of modern-day Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-JapaneseRoots_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JapaneseRoots-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yayoi_period&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Origin_of_the_Yayoi_people">Origin of the Yayoi people</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yayoi_period&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origin of the Yayoi people">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yayoi_people" title="Yayoi people">Yayoi people</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Genetic_history_of_East_Asians" title="Genetic history of East Asians">Genetic history of East Asians</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Korea_Strait.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Korea_Strait.png/220px-Korea_Strait.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Korea_Strait.png/330px-Korea_Strait.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Korea_Strait.png/440px-Korea_Strait.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="479" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Korea_Strait.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Northern Kyushu is the part of Japan closest to the Asian mainland.</div></div></div>
<p>The origin of Yayoi culture and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yayoi_people" title="Yayoi people">Yayoi people</a> has long been debated. The earliest archaeological sites are Itazuke or Nabata in the northern part of Kyūshū. Contacts between fishing communities on this coast and the southern coast of Korea date from the Jōmon period, as witnessed by the exchange of trade items such as fishhooks and obsidian.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> During the Yayoi period, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_influence_on_Japanese_culture" title="Korean influence on Japanese culture">cultural features from Korea</a> and China arrived in this area at various times over several centuries, and later spread to the south and east.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> This was a period of mixture between immigrants and the indigenous population, and between new cultural influences and existing practices.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p><p>Chinese influence was obvious in the bronze and copper weapons, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bronze_mirror" title="Bronze mirror">dōkyō</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/D%C5%8Dtaku" title="Dōtaku">dōtaku</a>, as well as irrigated paddy rice cultivation. Three major symbols of Yayoi culture are the bronze mirror, the bronze sword, and the royal seal stone.
</p><p>Between 1996 and 1999, a team led by Satoshi Yamaguchi, a researcher at Japan's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science" title="National Museum of Nature and Science">National Museum of Nature and Science</a>, compared Yayoi remains found in Japan's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yamaguchi_Prefecture" title="Yamaguchi Prefecture">Yamaguchi</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture" title="Fukuoka Prefecture">Fukuoka</a> prefectures with those from China's coastal <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> province and found many similarities between the Yayoi and the Jiangsu remains.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:DotakuBronzeBellLateYayoi3rdCenturyCE.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/DotakuBronzeBellLateYayoi3rdCenturyCE.jpg/220px-DotakuBronzeBellLateYayoi3rdCenturyCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/DotakuBronzeBellLateYayoi3rdCenturyCE.jpg/330px-DotakuBronzeBellLateYayoi3rdCenturyCE.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/DotakuBronzeBellLateYayoi3rdCenturyCE.jpg/440px-DotakuBronzeBellLateYayoi3rdCenturyCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2147" data-file-height="2863" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:DotakuBronzeBellLateYayoi3rdCenturyCE.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A Yayoi period <a href="/enwiki/wiki/D%C5%8Dtaku" title="Dōtaku">dōtaku</a> bell, 3rd century AD</div></div></div>
<p>Some scholars claimed that Korean influence existed. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_J._Hudson" title="Mark J. Hudson">Mark J. Hudson</a> has cited archaeological evidence that included "bounded paddy fields, new types of polished stone tools, wooden farming implements, iron tools, weaving technology, ceramic storage jars, exterior bonding of clay coils in pottery fabrication, ditched settlements, domesticated pigs, and jawbone rituals".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> The migrant transfusion from the Korean peninsula gains strength because Yayoi culture began on the north coast of Kyūshū, where Japan is closest to Korea. Yayoi pottery, burial mounds, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">food preservation</a> were discovered to be very similar to the pottery of southern Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-Diamond_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diamond-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bronze_Mirror_in_Ancient_Japan.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bronze_Mirror_in_Ancient_Japan.jpg/220px-Bronze_Mirror_in_Ancient_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bronze_Mirror_in_Ancient_Japan.jpg/330px-Bronze_Mirror_in_Ancient_Japan.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bronze_Mirror_in_Ancient_Japan.jpg/440px-Bronze_Mirror_in_Ancient_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="957" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bronze_Mirror_in_Ancient_Japan.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bronze_mirror" title="Bronze mirror">Bronze mirror</a> excavated in Tsubai-otsukayama kofun, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yamashiro,_Kyoto" title="Yamashiro, Kyoto">Yamashiro, Kyoto</a></div></div></div>
<p>However, some scholars argue that the rapid increase of roughly four million people in Japan between the Jōmon and Yayoi periods cannot be explained by migration alone. They attribute the increase primarily to a shift from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural diet on the islands, with the introduction of rice. It is quite likely that rice cultivation and its subsequent deification allowed for a slow and gradual population increase.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> Regardless, there is archaeological evidence that supports the idea that there was an influx of farmers from the continent to Japan that absorbed or overwhelmed the native hunter-gatherer population.<sup id="cite_ref-Diamond_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diamond-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p><p>Some pieces of Yayoi pottery clearly show the influence of Jōmon ceramics. In addition, the Yayoi lived in the same type of pit or circular dwelling as that of the Jōmon. Other examples of commonality are chipped stone tools for hunting, bone tools for fishing, shells in bracelet construction, and lacquer decoration for vessels and accessories.
</p><p>According to several linguists, Japonic was present on large parts of the southern Korean peninsula. These "Peninsular Japonic languages" were replaced by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koreanic_languages" title="Koreanic languages">Koreanic-speakers</a> (possibly belonging to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Han_languages" title="Han languages">Han-branch</a>) likely causing the Yayoi migration.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-28">[28]</a></sup> Similarly Whitman (2012) suggests that the Yayoi are not related to the proto-Koreans but that they were present on the Korean peninsula during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mumun_pottery_period" title="Mumun pottery period">Mumun pottery period</a>. According to him, Japonic arrived in the Korean peninsula around 1500 BC and was brought to the Japanese archipelago by the Yayoi at around 950 BC. The language family associated with both Mumun and Yayoi culture is Japonic. Koreanic arrived later from Manchuria to the Korean peninsula at around 300 BC and coexist with the descendants of the Japonic Mumun cultivators (or assimilated them). Both had influence on each other and a later <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Founder_effect" title="Founder effect">founder effect</a> diminished the internal variety of both language families.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Languages">Languages</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yayoi_period&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Classification_of_the_Japonic_languages" title="Classification of the Japonic languages">Classification of the Japonic languages</a></div>
<p>Most linguists and archaeologists agree that the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic language family</a> was introduced to and spread through the archipelago during the Yayoi period.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Emergence_of_Wo_in_Chinese_history_texts">Emergence of <i>Wo</i> in Chinese history texts</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yayoi_period&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Emergence of Wo in Chinese history texts">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:King_of_Na_gold_seal_faces.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/King_of_Na_gold_seal_faces.jpg/220px-King_of_Na_gold_seal_faces.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/King_of_Na_gold_seal_faces.jpg/330px-King_of_Na_gold_seal_faces.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/King_of_Na_gold_seal_faces.jpg/440px-King_of_Na_gold_seal_faces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4142" data-file-height="2066" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:King_of_Na_gold_seal_faces.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The golden seal said to have been granted to the "King of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wo_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wo (Japan)">Wo</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emperor_Guangwu_of_Han" title="Emperor Guangwu of Han">Emperor Guangwu of Han</a> in 57 AD. It is inscribed <i>King of Na of Wo in Han Dynasty</i> (漢委奴國王)</div></div></div>
<p>The earliest written records about people in Japan are from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> sources from this period. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wo_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wo (Japan)">Wo</a>, the pronunciation of an early Chinese name for Japan, was mentioned in 57 AD; the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nakoku" title="Nakoku">Na state</a> of Wo received a golden seal from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emperor_Guangwu_of_Han" title="Emperor Guangwu of Han">Emperor Guangwu</a> of the Later <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>. This event was recorded in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Book_of_the_Later_Han" title="Book of the Later Han">Book of the Later Han</a></i> compiled by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fan_Ye_(historian)" title="Fan Ye (historian)">Fan Ye</a> in the 5th century. The seal itself was discovered in northern Kyūshū in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> Wo was also mentioned in 257 in the <i>Wei zhi</i>, a section of the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Records_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Records of the Three Kingdoms">Records of the Three Kingdoms</a></i> compiled by the 3rd-century scholar <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chen_Shou" title="Chen Shou">Chen Shou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p><p>Early Chinese historians described Wo as a land of hundreds of scattered tribal communities rather than the unified land with a 700-year tradition as laid out in the 8th-century work <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a></i>, a partly mythical, partly historical account of Japan which dates the foundation of the country at 660 BC. Archaeological evidence also suggests that frequent conflicts between settlements or statelets broke out in the period. Many excavated settlements were moated or built at the tops of hills. Headless human skeletons<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> discovered in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yoshinogari_site" title="Yoshinogari site">Yoshinogari site</a> are regarded as typical examples of finds from the period. In the coastal area of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seto_Inland_Sea" title="Seto Inland Sea">Inland Sea</a>, stone arrowheads are often found among funerary objects.
</p><p>Third-century Chinese sources reported that the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wajin_(ancient_people)" title="Wajin (ancient people)">Wa people</a> lived on raw fish, vegetables, and rice served on bamboo and wooden trays, clapped their hands in worship (something still done in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine">Shinto shrines</a> today), and built earthen-grave mounds. They also maintained vassal-master relations, collected taxes, had provincial granaries and markets, and observed mourning. Society was characterized by violent struggles.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Yamataikoku">Yamataikoku</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yayoi_period&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Yamataikoku">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Hashihaka-kofun-1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Hashihaka-kofun-1.jpg/220px-Hashihaka-kofun-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Hashihaka-kofun-1.jpg/330px-Hashihaka-kofun-1.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Hashihaka-kofun-1.jpg/440px-Hashihaka-kofun-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Hashihaka-kofun-1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Hashihaka kofun, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sakurai,_Nara" title="Sakurai, Nara">Sakurai, Nara</a></div></div></div>
<p>The <i>Wei Zhi</i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">魏志</span>), which is part of the Records of the three Kingdoms, first mentions <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yamataikoku" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamataikoku">Yamataikoku</a> and Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Himiko" title="Himiko">Himiko</a> in the 3rd century. According to the record, Himiko assumed the throne of Wa, as a spiritual leader, after a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Civil_war_of_Wa" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil war of Wa">major civil war</a>. Her younger brother was in charge of the affairs of state, including diplomatic relations with the Chinese court of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Kingdom of Wei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> When asked about their origins by the Wei embassy, the people of Wa claimed to be descendants of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taibo" title="Taibo">Taibo</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wu_(region)" title="Wu (region)">Wu</a>, a historic figure of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wu_(state)" title="Wu (state)">Wu Kingdom</a> around the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta">Yangtze Delta</a> of China.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Is this really mentioned in the Wei Zhi? (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>For many years, the location of Yamataikoku and the identity of Queen Himiko have been subject of research. Two possible sites, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yoshinogari,_Saga" title="Yoshinogari, Saga">Yoshinogari</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saga_Prefecture" title="Saga Prefecture">Saga Prefecture</a> and <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Makimuku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makimuku (page does not exist)">Makimuku</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a> have been suggested.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> Recent archaeological research in Makimuku suggests that Yamataikoku was located in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> Some scholars assume that the Hashihaka kofun in Makimuku was the tomb of Himiko. Its relation to the origin of the Yamato polity in the following <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a> is also under debate.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yayoi_period&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright">
<ul>
<li><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Shiki_no_Fuji%2C_%C5%8Cmuro_fukin_by_Takahashi_Sh%C5%8Dtei.jpg/32px-Shiki_no_Fuji%2C_%C5%8Cmuro_fukin_by_Takahashi_Sh%C5%8Dtei.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Shiki_no_Fuji%2C_%C5%8Cmuro_fukin_by_Takahashi_Sh%C5%8Dtei.jpg/48px-Shiki_no_Fuji%2C_%C5%8Cmuro_fukin_by_Takahashi_Sh%C5%8Dtei.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Shiki_no_Fuji%2C_%C5%8Cmuro_fukin_by_Takahashi_Sh%C5%8Dtei.jpg/64px-Shiki_no_Fuji%2C_%C5%8Cmuro_fukin_by_Takahashi_Sh%C5%8Dtei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1366" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Japan" title="Portal:Ancient Japan">Ancient Japan portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_era_name#Unofficial_era_name_system" title="Japanese era name">Japanese era name</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu people</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emishi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Emishi people">Emishi people</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yayoi_people" title="Yayoi people">Yayoi people</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wa_(Japan)" title="Wa (Japan)">Wa_(Japan)</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yayoi_period&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">n|Japanese historical period from 200 BCE to 300 CE}}
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about <i>the Yayoi period in Japanese history. For other uses, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yayoi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Yayoi (disambiguation)">Yayoi (disambiguation)</a>.</i></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1013635363">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar a{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-wraplinks a{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding-bottom:0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.4em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding-top:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.4em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-navbar{padding-top:0.6em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History of Japan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:YayoiJar.JPG" class="image"><img alt="YayoiJar.JPG" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/YayoiJar.JPG/150px-YayoiJar.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/YayoiJar.JPG/225px-YayoiJar.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/YayoiJar.JPG/300px-YayoiJar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="528" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;">List</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_Paleolithic" title="Japanese Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">before 14,000 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">14,000 – 1000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yayoi</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1000 BC – 300 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">300–538</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">538–710</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">710–794</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">794–1185</td></tr></tbody></table><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1185–1333</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kenmu_Restoration" title="Kenmu Restoration">Kenmu Restoration</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><i>1333–1336</i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period"><b>Muromachi</b> <span style="font-size:90%;">(Ashikaga)</span></a>
<div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period">Nanboku-chō</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1336–1573</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama</a></b>
<div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nanban_trade" title="Nanban trade">Nanban trade</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1573–1603</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period"><b>Edo</b> <span style="font-size:90%;">(Tokugawa)</span></a>
<div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">Sakoku</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Convention_of_Kanagawa" title="Convention of Kanagawa">Convention of Kanagawa</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">Bakumatsu</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1603–1868</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meiji_(era)" title="Meiji (era)">Meiji</a></b>
<div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Restoration</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1868–1912</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taish%C5%8D" title="Taishō">Taishō</a></b>
<div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">World War I</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">Great Kantō earthquake</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1912–1926</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(1926%E2%80%931989)" title="Shōwa (1926–1989)">Shōwa</a></b>
<div class="plainlist wraplinks" style="padding-left:1.4em;text-align:left;line-height:1.25em;padding-bottom:0.2em;"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_financial_crisis" title="Shōwa financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li><li>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>)</li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Militarism</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">Economic miracle</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Post-occupation_Japan" title="Post-occupation Japan">Post-occupation</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Bubble economy</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1926–1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heisei" title="Heisei">Heisei</a></b>
<div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lost_Decade_(Japan)" title="Lost Decade (Japan)">Lost Decade</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">Great East Japan earthquake</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1989–2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reiwa" title="Reiwa">Reiwa</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li><li>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">Financial impact</a>)</li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2019–present</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Topics</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist hlist-separated">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_currency" title="Japanese currency">Currency</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Japan" title="List of earthquakes in Japan">Earthquakes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economic_history_of_Japan" title="Economic history of Japan">Economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Era names</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_education_in_Japan" title="History of education in Japan">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Japanese_foreign_relations" title="History of Japanese foreign relations">Foreign relations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Geography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historiography_of_Japan" title="Historiography of Japan">Historiography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_history_of_Japan" title="Military history of Japan">Military</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Naval</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Politics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Post-war_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-war Japan">Post-war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Japan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="padding-top:0.2em;">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_history" title="Glossary of Japanese history">Glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_Japanese_history" title="Timeline of Japanese history">Timeline</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:History_of_Japan" title="Template:History of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Japan" title="Template talk:History of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Japan&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></span></li>
<p>The {{nihongo|<b>Yayoi period</b>|{{linktext|弥生|時代
</p>
<li id="cite_note-Silberman2012-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Silberman2012_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silberman2012_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Silberman et al., 154–155.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SchirokauerBrown2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SchirokauerBrown2012_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchirokauerBrown2012_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schirokauer et al., 133–143.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Shinya-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shinya_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shinya_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shinya_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shinya_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFShōda2007" class="citation journal cs1">Shōda, Shinya (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seaa-web.org/bul-essay-01.htm">"A Comment on the Yayoi Period Dating Controversy"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology</i>. <b>1</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Society+for+East+Asian+Archaeology&rft.atitle=A+Comment+on+the+Yayoi+Period+Dating+Controversy&rft.volume=1&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Sh%C5%8Dda&rft.aufirst=Shinya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seaa-web.org%2Fbul-essay-01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHabu2004" class="citation book cs1">Habu, Junko (2004). <i>Ancient Jomon of Japan</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 258. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-77670-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-77670-7"><bdi>978-0-521-77670-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Jomon+of+Japan&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-77670-7&rft.aulast=Habu&rft.aufirst=Junko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMizoguchi2013" class="citation book cs1">Mizoguchi, Koji (2013). <i>The Archaeology of Japan: From the Earliest Rice Farming Villages to the Rise of the State</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 35–36. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88490-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88490-7"><bdi>978-0-521-88490-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Japan%3A+From+the+Earliest+Rice+Farming+Villages+to+the+Rise+of+the+State&rft.pages=35-36&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88490-7&rft.aulast=Mizoguchi&rft.aufirst=Koji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-keally-yayoi-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keally-yayoi_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keally-yayoi_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKeally2006" class="citation web cs1">Keally, Charles T. (2006-06-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/yayoi.html">"Yayoi Culture"</a>. <i>Japanese Archaeology</i>. Charles T. Keally<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japanese+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Yayoi+Culture&rft.date=2006-06-03&rft.aulast=Keally&rft.aufirst=Charles+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.t-net.ne.jp%2F~keally%2Fyayoi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPicken" class="citation book cs1">Picken, Stuart D. B. <i>Historical Dictionary of Japanese Business</i>. Scarecrow Press. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Japanese+Business&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.aulast=Picken&rft.aufirst=Stuart+D.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-University_of_Hawaii_Press-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-University_of_Hawaii_Press_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-University_of_Hawaii_Press_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFImamura" class="citation book cs1">Imamura, Keiji. <i>Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia</i>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Japan%3A+New+Perspectives+on+Insular+East+Asia&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.aulast=Imamura&rft.aufirst=Keiji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/e_kenkyuu/report2004.html">"Annual Report on Research Activity 2004"</a>. <i>www.rekihaku.ac.jp</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rekihaku.ac.jp&rft.atitle=Annual+Report+on+Research+Activity+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rekihaku.ac.jp%2Fe_kenkyuu%2Freport2004.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSeiji_Kobayashi" class="citation web cs1">Seiji Kobayashi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090923052256/http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/255/245">"Eastern Japanese Pottery During the Jomon-Yayoi Transition: A Study in Forager-Farmer Interaction"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kokugakuin_Tochigi_Junior_College" title="Kokugakuin Tochigi Junior College">Kokugakuin Tochigi Junior College</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/255/245">the original</a> on 2009-09-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eastern+Japanese+Pottery+During+the+Jomon-Yayoi+Transition%3A+A+Study+in+Forager-Farmer+Interaction&rft.pub=Kokugakuin+Tochigi+Junior+College&rft.au=Seiji+Kobayashi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fejournal.anu.edu.au%2Findex.php%2Fbippa%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F255%2F245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm">http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLock1998" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lock, Margaret (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/anthro/faculty/fiske/135b/japan.htm">"Japanese"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of World Cultures CD-ROM</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japanese&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+World+Cultures+CD-ROM&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Lock&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sscnet.ucla.edu%2Fanthro%2Ffaculty%2Ffiske%2F135b%2Fjapan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_J._Pearson" title="Richard J. Pearson">Pearson, Richard J.</a> Chiefly Exchange Between Kyushu and Okinawa, Japan, in the Yayoi Period. <i>Antiquity</i> 64(245)912–922, 1990.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/05/earlier-start-japanese-rice-cultivation">Earlier Start for Japanese Rice Cultivation</a>, Dennis Normile, Science, 2003 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160707223555/http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/05/earlier-start-japanese-rice-cultivation">archive</a>)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.edu.ipa.go.jp/gz/k-kda1/k-kca1/k-ksa1/IPA-joe100.htm">縄文人の顔と骨格-骨格の比較</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223125145/http://www2.edu.ipa.go.jp/gz/k-kda1/k-kca1/k-ksa1/IPA-joe100.htm">Archived</a> 2007-12-23 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Information-technology Promotion Agency</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/bitstream/123456789/146/2/04_doi.pdf">"University of the Ryukyus Repository"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp&rft.atitle=University+of+the+Ryukyus+Repository&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F146%2F2%2F04_doi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-JapaneseRoots-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JapaneseRoots_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFJared_Diamond1998" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Jared Diamond</a> (June 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455/">"Japanese Roots"</a>. <i>Discover Magazine</i>. <b>19</b> (6 June 1998)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Discover+Magazine&rft.atitle=Japanese+Roots&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6+June+1998&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.au=Jared+Diamond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiscovermagazine.com%2F1998%2Fjun%2Fjapaneseroots1455%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mizoguchi (2013), p. 54.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKidder1993" class="citation book cs1">Kidder, J. Edward Jr. (1993). "The earliest societies in Japan". In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delmer_Brown" title="Delmer Brown">Brown, Delmer</a> (ed.). <i>Cambridge History of Japan, vol. 1: Ancient Japan</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 48–107. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22352-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22352-2"><bdi>978-0-521-22352-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+earliest+societies+in+Japan&rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+Japan%2C+vol.+1%3A+Ancient+Japan&rft.pages=48-107&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22352-2&rft.aulast=Kidder&rft.aufirst=J.+Edward+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span> p. 81.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mizoguchi (2013), p. 53.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150421054014/http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-14.html">"Long Journey to Prehistorical Japan"</a> (in Japanese). National Science Museum of Japan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-14.html">the original</a> on 21 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Long+Journey+to+Prehistorical+Japan&rft.pub=National+Science+Museum+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kahaku.go.jp%2Fspecial%2Fpast%2Fjapanese%2Fipix%2F5%2F5-14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news111.htm">"Yayoi linked to Yangtze area: DNA tests reveal similarities to early wet-rice farmers"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. March 19, 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Yayoi+linked+to+Yangtze+area%3A+DNA+tests+reveal+similarities+to+early+wet-rice+farmers&rft.date=1999-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trussel.com%2Fprehist%2Fnews111.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMark_J._Hudson1999" class="citation book cs1">Mark J. Hudson (1999). <i>Ruins of Identity Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands</i>. University Hawai'i Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-2156-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-2156-4"><bdi>0-8248-2156-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruins+of+Identity+Ethnogenesis+in+the+Japanese+Islands&rft.pub=University+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8248-2156-4&rft.au=Mark+J.+Hudson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Diamond-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Diamond_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diamond_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFJared_Diamond1998" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Jared Diamond</a> (June 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discovermagazine.com/1998/jun/japaneseroots1455/">"Japanese Roots"</a>. <i>Discover Magazine</i>. <b>19</b> (6, June 1998)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2008-05-<b><i>Italic text</i>12</b></span><b>. <q>Unlike Jomon pottery, Yayoi pottery was very similar to contemporary South Korean pottery in shape. Many other elements of the new Yayoi culture were unmistakably Korean and previously foreign to Japan, including bronze objects, weaving, glass beads, and styles of tools and houses.</q></b></cite><b><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Discover+Magazine&rft.atitle=Japanese+Roots&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6%2C+June+1998&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.au=Jared+Diamond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiscovermagazine.com%2F1998%2Fjun%2Fjapaneseroots1455%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></b></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mizoguchi (2013), p. 119.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFJanhunen2010" class="citation journal cs1">Janhunen, Juha (2010). "Reconstructing the Language Map of Prehistorical Northeast Asia". <i>Studia Orientalia</i> (108). <q>... there are strong indications that the neighbouring Baekje state (in the southwest) was predominantly Japonic-speaking until it was linguistically Koreanized.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Orientalia&rft.atitle=Reconstructing+the+Language+Map+of+Prehistorical+Northeast+Asia&rft.issue=108&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Janhunen&rft.aufirst=Juha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vovin, Alexander (2013). "From Koguryo to Tamna: Slowly riding to the South with speakers of Proto-Korean". <i>Korean Linguistics</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 222–240.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWhitman2011" class="citation journal cs1">Whitman, John (2011-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12284-011-9080-0">"Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan"</a>. <i>Rice</i>. <b>4</b> (3): 149–158. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12284-011-9080-0">10.1007/s12284-011-9080-0</a></span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/1939-8433">1939-8433</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rice&rft.atitle=Northeast+Asian+Linguistic+Ecology+and+the+Advent+of+Rice+Agriculture+in+Korea+and+Japan&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=149-158&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12284-011-9080-0&rft.issn=1939-8433&rft.aulast=Whitman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs12284-011-9080-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.city.fukuoka.jp/en/exhibition.html">"Gold Seal (Kin-in)"</a>. Fukuoka City Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gold+Seal+%28Kin-in%29&rft.pub=Fukuoka+City+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.city.fukuoka.jp%2Fen%2Fexhibition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.jp/mb1527/wajinden.htm">魏志倭人伝</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101016074410/http://www.geocities.jp/mb1527/wajinden.htm">Archived</a> 2010-10-16 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Chinese texts and its Japanese translation</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHuffman2010" class="citation book cs1">Huffman, James L. (2010-02-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MNzQCwAAQBAJ&q=yoshinogari+headless+skeletons&pg=PA10"><i>Japan in World History</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-970974-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-970974-8"><bdi>978-0-19-970974-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+in+World+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010-02-04&rft.isbn=978-0-19-970974-8&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMNzQCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dyoshinogari%2Bheadless%2Bskeletons%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%80%AD%E4%BA%BA%E4%BC%9D">魏志倭人伝</a>, Chinese texts of the <i>Wei Zhi</i>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKarako-kagi_Archaeological_Museum2007" class="citation web cs1">Karako-kagi Archaeological Museum (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/1446">"ヤマト王権はいかにして始まったか"</a>. <i>Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comprehensive+Database+of+Archaeological+Site+Reports+in+Japan&rft.atitle=%E3%83%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%88%E7%8E%8B%E6%A8%A9%E3%81%AF%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E5%A7%8B%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8B&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Karako-kagi+Archaeological+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsitereports.nabunken.go.jp%2F1446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/shakai/20080306AT5C0501C05032008.html">古墳２タイプ、同時に出現か・奈良の古墳群で判明</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since October 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup>, Nikkei Net, March 6, 2008</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sankei.jp.msn.com/culture/academic/080306/acd0803060039001-n1.htm">最古級の奈良・桜井“３兄弟古墳”、形状ほぼ判明 卑弥呼の時代に相次いで築造</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080308193428/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/culture/academic/080306/acd0803060039001-n1.htm">Archived</a> 2008-03-08 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sankei Shimbun, March 6, 2008</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Books_cited">Books cited</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yayoi_period&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Books cited">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHabu2004" class="citation book cs1">Habu, Junko (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vGnAbTyTynsC"><i>Ancient Jomon of Japan</i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-77670-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-77670-7"><bdi>978-0-521-77670-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Jomon+of+Japan&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Cambridge+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-77670-7&rft.aulast=Habu&rft.aufirst=Junko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvGnAbTyTynsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSchirokauer2013" class="citation book cs1">Schirokauer, Conrad (2013). <i>A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations</i>. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Chinese+and+Japanese+Civilizations&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Schirokauer&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSilberman2012" class="citation book cs1">Silberman, Neil Asher (2012). <i>The Oxford Companion to Archaeology</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Archaeology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Silberman&rft.aufirst=Neil+Asher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYayoi+period" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yayoi_period&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Yayoi_period" class="extiw" title="commons:Yayoi period"><b><i>Yayoi period</i></b></a>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm">Yayoi Culture</a>, Department of Asian Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yamasa.org/history/english/yayoi_jidai.html">Yayoi period</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yamasa.org/history/english/index.html">Japanese History Online (under construction)</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ANCJAPAN/YAYOI.HTM">An article</a> by Richard Hooker on the Yayoi and the Jōmon.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/en">Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan</a>, Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news146.htm">Article "Japanese Roots Surprisingly Shallow" from Japan Times</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Japan_topics" title="Template:Japan topics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Japan_topics" title="Template talk:Japan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Japan_topics&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Index_of_Japan-related_articles" title="Index of Japan-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*Index_*Outline">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Index_of_Japan-related_articles" title="Index of Japan-related articles">Index</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Outline_of_Japan" title="Outline of Japan">Outline</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Prehistory
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_Paleolithic" title="Japanese Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Ancient history
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yayoi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Antiquity history
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Post-antiquity history
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Modern history
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">Bakumatsu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meiji_(era)" title="Meiji (era)">Meiji</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taish%C5%8D" title="Taishō">Taishō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(1926%E2%80%931989)" title="Shōwa (1926–1989)">Shōwa</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Post-occupation_Japan" title="Post-occupation Japan">Post-occupation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heisei" title="Heisei">Heisei</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reiwa" title="Reiwa">Reiwa</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economic_history_of_Japan" title="Economic history of Japan">Economic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_education_in_Japan" title="History of education in Japan">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_history_of_Japan" title="Military history of Japan">Military</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Naval</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Army</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Navy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Japanese_overseas_military_actions" title="List of Japanese overseas military actions">Overseas actions</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan" title="Imperial Seal of Japan"><img alt="Imperial Seal of Japan.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_addressing_system" title="Japanese addressing system">Addresses</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_archipelago" title="Japanese archipelago">Archipelago</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cities_of_Japan" title="Cities of Japan">Cities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Districts_of_Japan" title="Districts of Japan">Districts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Japan" title="List of earthquakes in Japan">Earthquakes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Japan" title="Environmental issues in Japan">Environment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Japan" title="List of extreme points of Japan">Extreme points</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Japan" title="List of islands of Japan">Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Japan" title="List of lakes of Japan">Lakes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefectures</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Japan" title="List of regions of Japan">Regions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Japan" title="List of rivers of Japan">Rivers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Japan" title="List of towns in Japan">Towns</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Japan" title="List of villages in Japan">Villages</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Japan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">Constitution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elections_in_Japan" title="Elections in Japan">Elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Japan">Foreign relations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_rights_in_Japan" title="Human rights in Japan">Human rights</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Japan" title="LGBT rights in Japan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Japan" title="Judicial system of Japan">Judiciary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Law_of_Japan" title="Law of Japan">Law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Japan" title="Law enforcement in Japan">Law enforcement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">National Diet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Japan" title="List of political parties in Japan">Political parties</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Self-Defense Forces</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabinet_of_Japan" title="Cabinet of Japan">Cabinet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monetary_and_fiscal_policy_of_Japan" title="Monetary and fiscal policy of Japan">Fiscal policy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Japan" title="Foreign policy of Japan">Foreign policy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministries_of_Japan" title="Ministries of Japan">Ministries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Japan">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economy_of_Japan" title="Economy of Japan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agriculture,_forestry,_and_fishing_in_Japan" title="Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan">Agriculture, forestry, fishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bank_of_Japan" title="Bank of Japan">Central bank</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Labor_market_of_Japan" title="Labor market of Japan">Labor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Japan" title="Manufacturing in Japan">Manufacturing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Energy_in_Japan" title="Energy in Japan">Energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Japan" title="Science and technology in Japan">Science and technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Communications_in_Japan" title="Communications in Japan">Telecommunications</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transport_in_Japan" title="Transport in Japan">Transport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Yen</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Japanese_society" title="Category:Japanese society">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crime_in_Japan" title="Crime in Japan">Crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Japan" title="Demographics of Japan">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Education_in_Japan" title="Education in Japan">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Etiquette_in_Japan" title="Etiquette in Japan">Etiquette</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gambling_in_Japan" title="Gambling in Japan">Gambling</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Housing_in_Japan" title="Housing in Japan">Housing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Languages_of_Japan" title="Languages of Japan">Languages</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prostitution_in_Japan" title="Prostitution in Japan">Prostitution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Religion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Japan" title="Sex trafficking in Japan">Sex trafficking</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Sexuality</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smoking_in_Japan" title="Smoking in Japan">Smoking</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Women_in_Japan" title="Women in Japan">Women</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_aesthetics" title="Japanese aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Manga</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_architecture" title="Japanese architecture">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Art</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Cinema</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_festivals" title="Japanese festivals">Festivals</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_folklore" title="Japanese folklore">Folklore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_garden" title="Japanese garden">Gardens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geisha" title="Geisha">Geisha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_traditional_Japanese_games" title="List of traditional Japanese games">Games</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ikebana" title="Ikebana">Ikebana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kawaii" title="Kawaii">Kawaii</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_literature" title="Japanese literature">Literature</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mass_media_in_Japan" title="Mass media in Japan">Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_mythology" title="Japanese mythology">Mythology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Names</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Onsen" title="Onsen">Onsen</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sent%C5%8D" title="Sentō">Sentō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">Origami</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sport_in_Japan" title="Sport in Japan">Sport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">Tea ceremony</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Television_in_Japan" title="Television in Japan">Television</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatre_of_Japan" title="Theatre of Japan">Theatre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen">Zen</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Japan.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/16px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></li>
<li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Japan" title="Category:Japan">Category</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207858#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207858#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207858#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4413508-7">Integrated Authority File</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National libraries</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574249">Japan</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1623689859 |