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{{Redirect|DOOM|the reboot|Doom (2016 video game)|the series|Doom (franchise)|other uses|Doom (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox video game
| title = Doom
| image = Doom cover art.jpg
| caption = Cover art by [[Don Ivan Punchatz]]
| developer = [[id Software]]
| publisher = id Software
| designer = [[John Romero]]<br/>[[Tom Hall]]<br />[[Sandy Petersen]]
| director =
| programmer = [[John Carmack]]<br />[[John Romero]]<br />[[Dave Taylor (game programmer)|Dave Taylor]]
| artist = [[Adrian Carmack]]<br />[[Kevin Cloud]]
| composer = [[Robert Prince (video game composer)|Robert Prince]]
| series = ''[[Doom (franchise)|Doom]]''
| engine = [[Doom engine|id Tech 1]]
| platforms = {{Collapsible list
| title = [[MS-DOS]]
| titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| [[32X|Sega 32X]]
| [[Atari Jaguar]]
| [[Classic Mac OS|Mac OS]]
|[[Amiga OS]]
| [[PC-9800 series|PC-98]]
| [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|SNES]]
| [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]]
| [[3DO Interactive Multiplayer|3DO]]
| [[Windows 95]]<ref name="windows-95" />
| [[Sega Saturn]]
| [[Acorn Archimedes]]
| [[Game Boy Advance]]
| [[Xbox 360]]
| [[iOS]]
| [[PlayStation 3]]
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/earlier-this-morning-listings-for-the-original-doom-do-1836729154 |title=Looks Like The Original Doom Games Are Coming To Switch As Soon As Today [Update] |first=Ethan |last=Gach |date=26 July 2019 |website=[[Kotaku]]}}</ref>
| [[Nintendo Switch]]
| [[PlayStation 4]]
| [[Xbox One]]<ref name="Switch_Release"/>
}}
| released = {{Collapsible list
| title = December 10, 1993
| titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| '''MS-DOS'''{{Video game release|NA|December 10, 1993|EU|December 1993}}
| '''Sega 32X'''{{Video game release|NA|November 21, 1994|EU|1994|AUS|1994}}
| '''Atari Jaguar'''{{Video game release|NA|November 28, 1994}}
| '''Mac OS'''{{Video game release|NA|November 4, 1994}}
| '''PC-98'''{{Video game release|JP|December 9, 1994}}
| '''SNES'''{{Video game release|NA|September 1, 1995|EU|October 26, 1995|JP|March 1, 1996}}
| '''PlayStation'''{{Video game release|NA|November 16, 1995|EU|December 1995}}
| '''3DO'''{{Video game release|NA|April 26, 1996}}
| '''Sega Saturn'''{{Video game release|NA|March 31, 1997|EU|1997}}
| '''Acorn Archimedes'''{{Video game release|EU|1998}}
| '''Game Boy Advance'''{{Video game release|NA|October 24, 2001<ref name="GBA_Release"/>|EU|November 16, 2001}}
| '''Xbox 360'''{{Video game release|WW|September 27, 2006}}
| '''iOS'''{{Video game release|EU|October 30, 2009|NA|October 31, 2009}}
| '''PlayStation 3'''{{Video game release|NA|November 20, 2012}}
| '''Android''', '''Nintendo Switch''', '''PlayStation 4''', '''Xbox One'''{{Video game release|WW|July 26, 2019<ref name="Switch_Release"/>}}
}}
| genre = [[First-person shooter]]
| modes = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]], [[Multiplayer video game|multiplayer]]
}}
'''''Doom''''' is a 1993 [[first-person shooter]] (FPS) game developed by [[id Software]] for [[MS-DOS]]. Players assume the role of a [[space marine]], popularly known as [[Doomguy]], fighting his way through hordes of invading [[demons]] from [[Hell]]. The first episode, comprising nine levels, was distributed freely as [[shareware]] and played by an estimated 15–20 million people within two years; the full game, with two further episodes, was sold via [[mail order]]. An updated version with an additional episode and more difficult levels, ''The Ultimate Doom'', was released in 1995 and sold at [[retail]].
''Doom'' is one of the most significant games in [[video game history]], frequently cited as one of the [[List of video games considered the best|greatest games ever made]]. Along with its predecessor ''[[Wolfenstein 3D]]'', it helped define the FPS genre and inspired numerous similar games, often called [[Doom clone|''Doom'' clones]]. It pioneered [[online distribution]] and technologies including [[3D computer graphics|3D graphics]], networked [[Multiplayer video game|multiplayer gaming]], and support for custom [[Mod (video games)|modifications]] via packaged [[Doom modding|WAD]] files. Its graphic violence and hellish imagery [[video game controversies|drew controversy]].
''Doom'' has been [[Official versions of Doom|ported to numerous platforms]]. The [[Doom (franchise)|''Doom'' franchise]] continued with ''[[Doom II|Doom II: Hell on Earth]]'' (1994) and [[expansion pack]]s including ''[[Master Levels for Doom II]]'' (1995). The [[source code]] was released in 1997 under a proprietary license, and then later in 1999 under the [[GNU General Public License|GNU General Public License v2.0 or later]]. ''[[Doom 3]]'', a horror game built with the [[id Tech 4]] engine, was released in 2004, followed by a 2005 [[Doom (film)|''Doom'' film]]. id returned to the fast-paced action of the classic games with the 2016 game ''[[Doom (2016 video game)|Doom]]'' and the 2020 sequel ''[[Doom Eternal]]''.
==Gameplay==
{{more citations needed|section|date=May 2019}}
[[File:Doom ingame 1.png|thumb|right|The player armed with a chainsaw confronts an undead sergeant on a bridge over a chemical waste storage in "Knee-Deep in the Dead"]]
''Doom'' is a [[first-person shooter]] presented with early [[3D computer graphics|3D graphics]]. The player controls an unnamed space marine—later termed "[[Doomguy]]"—through a series of [[Level (video games)|levels]] set in military bases on the moons of Mars and in Hell. To finish a level, the player must traverse through the area to reach a marked exit room. Levels are grouped together into named episodes, with the final level focusing on a [[Boss (video games)|boss fight]] with a particularly difficult enemy. While the environment is presented in a 3D perspective, the enemies and objects are instead 2D [[Sprite (computer graphics)|sprites]] presented from several preset viewing angles, a technique sometimes referred to as [[2.5D]] graphics with its technical name called ray casting. Levels are often labyrinthine, and a full screen [[automap]] is available which shows the areas explored to that point.
While traversing the levels, the player must fight a variety of enemies, including demons and [[Spirit possession|possessed]] undead humans, while managing supplies of ammunition, [[Health (games)|health]], and armor. Enemies often appear in large groups, and the game features five [[difficulty level]]s which increase the quantity and damage done by enemies, with enemies respawning upon death and moving faster than normal on the hardest difficulty setting. The monsters have very simple behavior, consisting of either moving toward their opponent, or attacking by throwing fireballs, biting, and clawing. They will [[Artificial intelligence in video games|reactively fight each other]] if one monster inadvertently harms another, though most monsters are immune to attacks from their own kind. The environment can include pits of [[toxic waste]], ceilings that lower and crush everything, and locked doors requiring a [[keycard]] or a remote switch. The player can find weapons and ammunition throughout the levels or can collect them from dead enemies, including a pistol, a [[chainsaw]], a [[plasma rifle]], and the [[BFG (weapon)|BFG 9000]]. [[Power-up]]s include health or armor points, a mapping computer, partial invisibility, a safety suit against toxic waste, invulnerability, or a super-strong melee [[Berserker#Modern context|berserker]] status.
The main campaign mode is [[single-player video game|single-player]] mode, in an episodic succession of missions. Two [[multiplayer video game|multiplayer]] modes are playable over a network: [[Cooperative video game|cooperative]], in which two to four players team up to complete the main campaign,<ref name="DoomVirtualWorlds"/> and [[deathmatch]], in which two to four players compete. Four-player [[online multiplayer]] mode via dialup was made available one year after launch through the [[DWANGO]] service.<ref name="mastersofdoom"/> [[Cheat code]]s give the player instant super powers including invulnerability, all weapons, and walking through walls.<ref name="DoomCheat"/><ref name="DoomAchieve"/><ref name="DoomExtreme"/><ref name="DoomWorld"/>
==Plot==
[[File:The anonymous space marine from DOOM.png|thumb|right|The unnamed protagonist of the ''Doom'' series as he appears in ''The Ultimate Doom'']]
''Doom'' is divided into three episodes: "Knee-Deep in the Dead", "The Shores of Hell", and "Inferno". A fourth episode, "Thy Flesh Consumed", was added in an expanded version of the game, ''The Ultimate Doom'', released in 1995, two years later and one year after ''Doom II''. The campaign contains very few plot elements, with the minimal story instead given in the instruction manual and in short text segues between episodes.
In the future, the player character (an unnamed space marine, known as "the Doom marine" or simply "Doom guy") has been punitively posted to [[Mars]] after assaulting a superior officer, who ordered his unit to fire on civilians. The space marines act as security for the Union Aerospace Corporation's radioactive waste facilities, which are used by the military to perform secret experiments with [[teleportation]] by creating gateways between the two moons of Mars, [[Phobos (moon)|Phobos]] and [[Deimos (moon)|Deimos]]. Three years after Doom guy's posting to Mars, Deimos disappears entirely and "something fraggin' evil" starts pouring out of the teleporter gateways, killing or possessing all personnel on Phobos. The Martian marine unit is dispatched to investigate, with Doom guy left to guard the perimeter with only a pistol while the rest of the group proceeds inside the base and is almost instantly killed. Being unable to pilot the shuttle off of Phobos by himself, Doom guy realizes that the only way to escape is to go inside and fight his way through the complexes of the moon base.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classicdoom.com/doomtext.htm#doom |access-date=December 4, 2020 |title=DOOMTEXT.HTM: Storylines for Doom, Doom II, Final Doom, Doom 64 |author=Transcripts from printed manuals by Ledmeister}}</ref>
As the last man standing, Doom guy fights through the onslaught of demonic enemies to keep them from attacking Earth. In "Knee-Deep in the Dead", Doom guy fights through the high-tech military bases, power plants, computer centers and geological anomalies on Phobos. It ends with Doom guy defeating the two powerful Hell Knights guarding the teleporter to the Deimos base, and thereupon entering the teleporter leading to Deimos, only to be overwhelmed by monsters in a seemingly unwinnable battle on the other side. In "The Shores of Hell" Doom guy awakens with only the pistol once again and fights through installations on Deimos, similar to those on Phobos, but warped and distorted from the demon invasion and interwoven with beastly architecture. After defeating the titanic [[Cyberdemon]], the Doom marine crawls to the edge of Deimos, which has been flattened into a pancake shape, only to discover that the vanished moon is floating above [[Hell]]. "Inferno" begins after the marine repels off of Deimos to the surface of Hell. The Doom marine battles his way through Hell, ultimately finding and slaying the Spider Mastermind that had masterminded the invasion of Phobos and Deimos. A hidden doorway back to Earth opens for the hero, who has "proven too tough for Hell to contain". The Doom marine, however, is greeted by the grisly sight of a burning city and a rabbit's head impaled on a stake (named in ''The Ultimate Doom'' as the Doom marine's pet rabbit, Daisy), showing that the demons have invaded Earth. In "Thy Flesh Consumed", the Doom marine fights the demons on Earth through a variety of disconnected high-tech bases and demonic temples, though ultimately the forces of Hell are not defeated in their invasion of [[Earth]], setting the stage for ''[[Doom II|Doom II: Hell on Earth]]''.
==Development==
[[File:John Carmack E3 2006.jpg|thumb|[[John Carmack]] in 2006|alt=Black-and-white photo of the head and shoulders of a man wearing glasses]]
{{Main|Development of Doom}}
===Concept===
In May 1992, [[id Software]] released ''[[Wolfenstein 3D]]'', later called the "grandfather of 3D shooters",<ref name="CGWHallofFame"/><ref name="VGB"/> specifically first-person shooters, because it established the fast-paced action and technical prowess commonly expected in the genre and greatly increased the genre's popularity.<ref name="CGWHallofFame"/><ref name="AGGreview"/><ref name="IGN100"/><ref name="WIREDretro"/> Immediately following its release most of the id Software team began work on a set of episodes for the game, titled ''Spear of Destiny'', while id co-founder and lead programmer [[John Carmack]] instead focused on technology research for the company's next game. Following the release of ''Spear of Destiny'' in September 1992, the team began to plan their next game. They wanted to create another 3D game using a new engine Carmack was developing, but were largely tired of ''Wolfenstein''. They initially considered making another game in the ''[[Commander Keen]]'' series, as proposed by co-founder and lead designer [[Tom Hall]], but decided that the platforming gameplay of the series was a poor fit for Carmack's fast-paced 3D engines. Additionally, the other two co-founders of id, designer [[John Romero]] and lead artist [[Adrian Carmack]], wanted to create something in a darker style than the ''Keen'' games. John Carmack then came up with his own concept: a game about using technology to fight demons, inspired by the ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'' campaigns the team played, combining the styles of ''[[Evil Dead II]]'' and ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]]''.<ref name="MOD118121"/><ref name="GDC2011"/> The concept originally had a working title of "Green and Pissed", but Carmack soon renamed the proposed game "Doom" after a line in the film ''[[The Color of Money]]'': "'What you got in there?' / 'In here? Doom.'"<ref name="MOD118121"/><ref name="MonsterId"/>
The team agreed to pursue the ''Doom'' concept, and development began in November 1992.<ref name="GDC2011"/> The initial development team was composed of five people: programmers John Carmack and Romero, artists Adrian Carmack and [[Kevin Cloud]], and designer Hall.<ref name="IGNvideo"/> They moved offices to a dark office building, which they named "Suite 666", and drew inspiration from the noises coming from the dentist's office next door. They also decided to cut ties with [[3D Realms|Apogee Software]], their previous publisher, and to instead self-publish ''Doom''.<ref name="MOD122123"/>
===Development===
[[File:John Romero - Jason Scott interview (6951215353) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[John Romero]] in 2012|alt=Face of a smiling man with long black hair and glasses]]
Early in development, rifts in the team began to appear. At the end of November, Hall delivered a [[software design description|design document]], which he named the ''Doom Bible'', that described the plot, backstory, and design goals for the project.<ref name="GDC2011"/> His design was a science fiction horror concept wherein scientists on the Moon open a portal from which aliens emerge. Over a series of levels, the player discovers that the aliens are demons while hell steadily infects the level design over the course of the game.<ref name="MOD124131"/> John Carmack not only disliked the idea but dismissed the idea of having a story at all: "Story in a game is like story in a porn movie; it's expected to be there, but it's not that important." Rather than a deep story, he wanted to focus on the technological innovations of the game, dropping the levels and episodes of ''Wolfenstein'' in favor of a fast, continuous world. Hall disliked the idea, but the rest of the team sided with Carmack.<ref name="MOD124131"/> Hall spent the next few weeks reworking the ''Doom Bible'' to work with Carmack's technological ideas.<ref name="GDC2011"/> Hall was forced to rework it again in December, however, after the team decided that they were unable to create a single, seamless world with the hardware limitations of the time, which contradicted much of the document.<ref name="GDC2011"/>
At the start of 1993, id put out a press release, touting Hall's story about fighting off demons while "knee-deep in the dead". The press release proclaimed the new game features that John Carmack had created, as well as other features, including multiplayer gaming features, that had not yet even been designed.<ref name="MOD124131"/> Early versions of the game were built to match the ''Doom Bible''; a "pre-alpha" version of the first level includes Hall's introductory base scene.<ref name="MCV"/> Initial versions of the game also retain "[[Arcade genre|arcade]]" elements present in ''Wolfenstein 3D'', like [[Score (video games)|score]] points and score items, but those were removed early in development as they were out of tone.<ref name="IGNvideo"/> Other elements, such as a complex user interface, an inventory system, a secondary shield protection, and [[life (video games)|lives]] were modified and slowly removed over the course of development.<ref name="GDC2011"/><ref name="DoomHorizon"/>
[[File:Sandy Petersen in May 2004.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sandy Petersen]] in 2004|upright]]
Soon, however, the ''Doom Bible'' as a whole was rejected. Romero wanted a game even "more brutal and fast" than ''Wolfenstein'', which did not leave room for the character-driven plot Hall had created. Additionally, the team believed it emphasized realism over entertaining gameplay, and they did not see the need for a design document at all.<ref name="MOD124131"/> Some ideas were retained, but the story was dropped and most of the game design was removed.<ref name="DSSS249250"/> By early 1993, levels were being created for the game and a demo was produced. John Carmack and Romero, however, disliked Hall's military base-inspired level design. Romero especially believed that the boxy, flat level designs were uninspiring, too similar to ''Wolfenstein'', and did not show off the engine's capabilities. He began to create his own, more abstract levels for the game, which the rest of the team saw as a great improvement.<ref name="MOD124131"/><ref name="MattChat"/>
Hall was upset with the reception to his designs and how little impact he was having as the lead designer.<ref name="MOD124131"/><ref name="MCV"/> He was also upset with how much he was having to fight with John Carmack in order to get what he saw as obvious gameplay improvements, such as flying enemies, and began to spend less time at work.<ref name="GDC2011"/> In July the other founders of id fired Hall, who went to work for Apogee.<ref name="MOD124131"/> He was replaced in September, ten weeks before the game was released, by game designer [[Sandy Petersen]].<ref name="Petersen"/><ref name="MOD132147"/> The team also added a third programmer, [[Dave Taylor (game programmer)|Dave Taylor]].<ref name="RomeroGDC"/> Petersen and Romero designed the rest of ''Doom''{{'}}s levels with different aims: the team believed that Petersen's designs were more technically interesting and varied, while Romero's were more aesthetically interesting.<ref name="MOD132147"/> In late 1993, after the multiplayer component was coded, the development team began playing four-player multiplayer games matches, which Romero termed "[[deathmatch]]".<ref name="MOD148153"/> According to Romero, the game's deathmatch mode was inspired by [[fighting game]]s such as ''[[Street Fighter II: The World Warrior|Street Fighter II]]'', ''[[Fatal Fury]]'', and ''[[Art of Fighting]]''.<ref name="Deathmatch"/>
===Engine===
{{see also|Doom engine}}
[[File:NeXTstation.jpg|thumb|A [[NeXTstation]] computer]]
''Doom'' was programmed largely in the [[ANSI C]] programming language, with a few elements in [[assembly language]], targeting the [[IBM PC]] and [[MS-DOS]] platform by compiling with [[Watcom C/C++]] and using the included royalty-free [[80386]] DOS-extender.<ref>https://www.filfre.net/2020/06/the-shareware-scene-part-4-doom/</ref> id developed on [[NeXT]] computers running the [[NeXTSTEP]] operating system.<ref name="CGWLight"/> The data used by the game engine, including level designs and graphics files, are stored in [[Doom modding|WAD]] files, short for "Where's All the Data?". This allows for any part of the design to be changed without needing to adjust the engine code. Carmack designed this system so fans could easily modify the game; he had been impressed by the [[Mod (video games)|modifications]] made by fans of ''Wolfenstein 3D'', and wanted to support that with an easily swappable file structure along with releasing the map editor online.<ref name="MOD166"/>
Unlike ''Wolfenstein'', which had flat levels with walls at right angles, the ''Doom'' engine allows for walls and floors at any angle or height, though two traversable areas cannot be on top of each other. The lighting system was based on adjusting the color palette of surfaces directly: rather than calculating how light traveled from light sources to surfaces using [[ray tracing (graphics)|ray tracing]], the game calculates the light level of a small area based on its distance from light sources. It then modifies the color palette of that section's surface textures to mimic how dark it would look.<ref name="CGWLight"/> This same system is used to cause far away surfaces to look darker than close ones.<ref name="MOD124131"/> Romero came up with new ways to use Carmack's lighting engine such as strobe lights.<ref name="MOD124131"/> He programmed engine features such as switches and movable stairs and platforms.<ref name="GDC2011"/><ref name="IGNvideo"/> After Romero's complex level designs started to cause problems with the engine, Carmack began to use [[binary space partitioning]] to quickly select the reduced portion of a level that the player could see at a given time.<ref name="GDC2011"/><ref name="MOD132147"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hutchison|first=Andrew|date=2008|title=Making the water move: techno-historic limits in the game aesthetics of Myst and Doom.|url=https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/10418|journal=Game Studies |language=en|volume=8|issue=1}}</ref> Taylor programmed other features into the game, added [[cheat codes]]; some, such as {{code|idspispopd}}, were based on ideas their fans had submitted online while eagerly awaiting the game.<ref name="IGNvideo"/>
[[File:Spider Mastermind model.jpg|thumb|right|Model of the Spider Mastermind]]
Adrian Carmack was the lead artist for ''Doom'', with Kevin Cloud as an additional artist. They designed the monsters to be "nightmarish", with graphics that are realistic and dark instead of staged or rendered, so a [[mixed media]] approach was taken.<ref name="DSSS247"/> The artists sculpted models of some of the enemies, and took pictures of them in [[stop motion]] from five to eight different angles so that they could be rotated realistically in-game. The images were then digitized and converted to 2D characters with a program written by John Carmack.<ref name="MOD124131"/> Adrian Carmack made clay models for a few demons, and had [[Gregor Punchatz]] build latex and metal sculptures of the others.<ref name="GDC2011"/><ref name="IGNvideo"/> The weapons were made from combined parts of children's toys.<ref name="GDC2011"/> The developers scanned themselves as well, using Cloud's arm for the marine's arm holding a gun, and Adrian's snakeskin boots and wounded knee for textures.<ref name="MOD124131"/>
=== Music and sound ===
As with ''Wolfenstein 3D'', id hired composer [[Bobby Prince]] to create the music and sound effects. Romero directed Prince to make the music in [[techno]] and [[Heavy metal music|metal]] styles. Many tracks were directly inspired by songs by metal bands such as [[Alice in Chains]] and [[Pantera]].<ref name="MOD132147"/><ref name="Metal"/> Prince believed that [[ambient music]] would be more appropriate, and produced numerous tracks in both styles in hope of convincing the team, and Romero incorporated both.<ref name="SDF5255"/> Prince did not make music for specific levels, as they were composed before the levels were completed; instead, Romero assigned each track to each level late in development. Prince created the sound effects based on short descriptions or concept art of a monster or weapon, and adjusted them to match the completed animations.<ref name="PrinceDoom"/> The monster sounds were created from animal noises, and Prince designed all the sounds to be distinct on the limited sound hardware of the time, even when many sounds were playing at once.<ref name="MOD132147"/><ref name="SDF5255"/> He also designed the sound effects to play on different frequencies from those used for the MIDI music, so they would clearly cut through the music.<ref name="ComposersPlay4">{{YouTube|id=_PRGzvSbZcI|title=Composers Play - "Doom" Coop with Bobby Prince! - Part 4}}</ref>
==Release==
With plans to self-publish, the team had to set up the systems to sell ''Doom'' as it neared completion. Jay Wilbur, who had been hired as CEO and sole member of the business team, planned the marketing and distribution of ''Doom''. He believed that the mainstream press was uninterested in the game, and as id would make the most money off of copies they sold directly to customers—up to 85 percent of the planned {{US$|40}} price—he decided to leverage the shareware market as much as possible, buying only a single ad in any gaming magazine. Instead, he reached out directly to software retailers, offering them copies of the first ''Doom'' episode for free, allowing them to charge any price for it, in order to spur customer interest in buying the full game directly from id.<ref name="MOD132147"/>
''Doom''{{'}}s original release date was the third quarter of 1993, which the team did not meet. By December 1993, the team was working non-stop on the game, with several employees sleeping at the office. Programmer Dave Taylor claimed that working on the game gave him such a rush that he would pass out from the intensity. Id began receiving calls from people interested in the game or angry that it had missed its planned release date, as hype for the game had been building online. At midnight on December 10, 1993, after working for 30 straight hours, the development team at id uploaded the first episode of the game to the Internet, letting interested players distribute it for them. So many users were connected to the first [[File Transfer Protocol|FTP]] server that they planned to upload the game to, at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], that even after the network administrator increased the number of connections while on the phone with Wilbur, id was unable to connect, forcing them to kick all other users off to allow id to upload the game. When the upload finished thirty minutes later, 10,000 people attempted to download the game at once, crashing the university's network.<ref name="MOD148153"/>
Within hours of ''Doom''{{'}}s release, university networks were banning ''Doom'' multiplayer games, as a rush of players overwhelmed their systems.<ref name="MOD148153" /> After being alerted by network administrators the morning after release that the game's deathmatch network connection setup was crippling some [[computer network]]s, John Carmack quickly released a patch to change it, though many administrators had to implement ''Doom''-specific rules to keep their networks from crashing due to the overwhelming traffic.<ref name="QuickPatch" />
In late 1995, ''Doom'' was estimated to be installed on more computers worldwide than Microsoft's new operating system, [[Windows 95]], even with Microsoft's million-dollar advertising campaigns.<ref name="windows-95" /> In 1995, an expanded version of the game, ''The Ultimate Doom'', was released, containing a fourth episode.<ref name="UltDoom" />
===Ports===
{{main|List of Doom ports}}
Microsoft hired id Software to port Doom to Windows with the [[WinG]] API,<ref name="cgw199407" />{{When|date=March 2021}} and Microsoft CEO [[Bill Gates]] briefly considered buying the company.<ref name="mastersofdoom" /> Microsoft developed a Windows 95 port of ''Doom'' to promote Windows as a gaming platform. The development was led by [[Gabe Newell]], who later founded the game company [[Valve Corporation|Valve]].<ref name="windows-95" /> One Windows 95 promotional video had Gates digitally superimposed into the game.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lombardo, Mike|title=Bonus movie: Bill Gates "DOOM" video|url=http://www.reelsplatter.com/doommedia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002034515/http://www.reelsplatter.com/doommedia.html|archive-date=October 2, 2009|access-date=November 15, 2005|publisher=Reel Splatter}}</ref>
An unofficial port of ''Doom'' to Linux was released by id programmer [[Dave Taylor (game programmer)|Dave Taylor]] in 1994; it was hosted by id but not supported or made official.<ref name="Doomlinux" /> Official ports were released for [[32X|Sega 32X]], [[Atari Jaguar]], and [[Mac OS]] in 1994, [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|SNES]] and [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] in 1995, [[3DO Interactive Multiplayer|3DO]] in 1996, [[Sega Saturn]] in 1997, [[Acorn Computers|Acorn]] [[Risc PC]] in 1998, [[Game Boy Advance]] in 2001, [[Xbox 360]] in 2006, [[iOS]] in 2009, and [[Nintendo Switch]] in 2019. Notable exceptions in the list of official ports, as well as Linux, are [[AmigaOS]] and [[Symbian]].<ref name="IGNDoomVersions" /><ref name="DoomJaguar" /><ref name="DOOM3BFG" /> Some of these were bestsellers even many years after the initial release.<ref name="PSMags" /> ''Doom'' has also been ported unofficially to numerous platforms; so many ports exist, including for esoteric devices such as smart thermostats and oscilloscopes, that variations on "It runs ''Doom''" or "Can it run ''Doom''?" are long-running [[meme]]s.<ref name="ItRunsDoom1" /><ref name="ItRunsDoom2" /><ref name="ItRunsDoom3" />
===Mods===
The ability for [[user-generated content]] to provide custom levels and other game modifications using WAD files became a popular aspect of ''Doom''. Gaining the first large [[mod (video games)|mod]]-making community, ''Doom'' affected the culture surrounding first-person shooters, and also the industry. Several future professional [[game designer]]s started their careers making ''Doom'' WADs as a hobby, such as [[Tim Willits]], who later became the lead designer at id Software.
The first [[level editor]]s appeared in early 1994, and additional tools have been created that allow most aspects of the game to be edited. Although the majority of WADs contain one or several custom levels mostly in the style of the original game, others implement new monsters and other resources, and heavily alter the gameplay. Several popular movies, television series, other video games and other brands from popular culture have been turned into ''Doom'' WADs by fans, including ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]]'', ''[[Star Wars]]'', ''[[The Simpsons]]'', ''[[South Park]]'', ''[[Sailor Moon]]'', ''[[Dragon Ball|Dragon Ball Z]]'', ''[[Pokémon]]'', ''[[Beavis and Butt-head]]'', ''[[Batman]]'', and ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog]]''.<ref name="SonicDoom"/> Some works, like the ''Theme Doom Patch'', combined enemies from several films, such as ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]]'', ''[[Predator (film)|Predator]]'', and ''[[The Terminator]]''. Some add-on files were also made that changed the sounds made by the various characters and weapons.
From 1994 to 1995, WADs were primarily distributed online over [[bulletin board system]]s or sold in collections on compact discs in computer shops, sometimes bundled with editing guide books. [[File Transfer Protocol|FTP]] servers became the primary method in later years. A few WADs have been released commercially, including the ''[[Master Levels for Doom II]]'', which was released in 1995 along with ''Maximum Doom'', a CD containing 1,830 WADs that had been downloaded from the Internet. The ''idgames'' FTP archive contains more than 18,000 files,<ref name="DoomWADFTP"/> and this represents only a fraction of the complete output of ''Doom'' fans. Third-party programs were also written to handle the loading of various WADs, since all commands must be entered on the [[DOS]] [[command line]] to run. A typical launcher would allow the player to select which files to load from a menu, making it much easier to start. In 1995, [[WizardWorks]] released the ''D!Zone'' pack featuring hundreds of levels for ''Doom'' and ''Doom II''.<ref name="Dragon217"/> ''D!Zone'' was reviewed in ''[[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]]'' by Jay & Dee; Jay gave the pack 1 out of 5 stars, and Dee gave the pack 1½ stars.<ref name="Dragon217"/>
In 2016, Romero published two new ''Doom'' levels: E1M4b ("Phobos Mission Control") and E1M8b ("Tech Gone Bad").<ref name="NewLevels"/><ref name="RomeroLevels"/> In 2018, for the 25th anniversary of ''Doom'', Romero announced [[Sigil (mod)|''Sigil'']], an unofficial Episode Five consisting of 9 missions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.romerogames.ie/si6il|title=Download SIGIL |date=2019-05-31 |website=Romero Games |access-date=2020-07-24}}</ref> It was released on May 22, 2019, with a soundtrack by [[Buckethead]]. It was then released for free on May 31, with a [[MIDI]] soundtrack by James Paddock.<ref name="Sigil Euro">{{Cite web|last=Wales|first=Matt|title=John Romero's free, unofficial fifth Doom episode Sigil is finally here|url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2019-05-31-john-romeros-unofficial-fifth-doom-episode-sigil-is-finally-out|website=Eurogamer}}</ref>
==Reception==
{{Video game reviews
| PC = true
| SNES = true
| JAG = true
| PS = true
| GBA = true
| X360 = true
| iOS = true
| GR_SNES = 54%<ref name="GR-SNES"/>
| GR_PS = 84%<ref name="GR-PS"/>
| GR_GBA = 80%<ref name="GR-GBA"/>
| GR_X360 = 80%<ref name="GR-X360"/>
| GR_iOS = 83%<ref name="GR-iOS"/>
| MC_GBA = 81/100<ref name="MC-GBA"/>
| MC_X360 = 82/100<ref name="MC-X360"/>
| MC_iOS = 84/100<ref name="MC-iOS"/>
| Allgame_PC = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref name="Allgame"/>
| CVG_PC = 93%<ref name="CVG148"/>
| Dragon_PC = {{rating|5|5}}<ref name="Dragon203"/>
| Edge_PC = 7/10<ref name="Edge"/>
| GSpot_PC = 9/10<ref name=Spot>{{cite web |last=Scisco|first=Peter |date=May 1, 1996 |url=http://www.gamespot.com:80/pc/action/ultimatedoom/review.html |title=The Ultimate Doom Review (GameSpot)|publisher=[[GameSpot]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907042421/http://www.gamespot.com:80/pc/action/ultimatedoom/review.html |access-date=April 9, 2020|archive-date=September 7, 2011 }}</ref>
| GMaster_PC = 90%<ref name="GR-PC"/>
| NGen_JAG = {{rating|3|5}}<ref name="NG">{{cite magazine|title=Finals|magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]|issue=1|publisher=[[Future US|Imagine Media]]|date=January 1995|page=92}}</ref>
| TOT_SNES = 93%<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Danny|date=October 1995|title=Doom|url=https://archive.org/details/Total046-DoomSNES|journal=[[Total!]]|issue=46|pages=24–27|access-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref>
| TA_iOS = {{rating|4|5}}<ref name="TouchArcade"/>
| award1Pub = ''[[Computer Gaming World]]''
| award1 = [[1994 in video games|1994 Game of the Year]]{{r|cgw199406}}<br />#5, 150 Best Games of All Time{{r|cgw199611best}}<br />#3, 15 Most Innovative Computer Games{{r|cgw199611mostinnovative}}
| award2Pub = [[GameSpy]]
| award2 = #1, Top 50 Games of All Time{{r|gamespy20010701}}
| award3Pub = [[IGN]]
| award3 = #44, Top 100 Games of All Time (2003){{r|IGNtop100}}<br />#39, Top 100 Games (2005){{r|IGNtop1002005}}<br />#2, Top 100 Shooters{{r|IGNtopshooters}}
| award4Pub = ''[[Retro Gamer]]''
| award4 = #9, Top Retro Games
| award5Pub = [[Library of Congress]]
| award5 = [[Game canon]]{{r|Joystiq}}
| award6Pub = [[GameTrailers]]
| award6 = #1, Top Ten Breakthrough PC Games{{r|gttopten}}
| award7Pub = ''[[Game Informer]]''
| award7 = #7, Top 200 Games of All Time{{r|gi_best}}
| award8Pub = ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]''
| award8 = All-TIME 100 Video Games{{r|AccoTimeAllTime}}
| award9Pub = [[GameSpot]]
| award9 = The Greatest Games of All Time{{r|shoemaker20060131}}
| award10Pub = ''[[PC Gamer UK]]''
| award10 = #3, Top 50 Games of All Time{{r|pcgameruktop50}}
}}
===Commercial performance===
With the release of ''Doom'', millions of users installed the Shareware version on their computer and id Software quickly began making $100,000 daily (for $9 per copy).<ref name="ibt"/><ref name="NBCDoom"/> [[Sandy Petersen]] later remarked that the game "sold a couple of hundred thousand copies during its first year or so", as piracy kept its initial sales from rising higher.<ref name="gamesthatchanged"/> Experts estimate that id sold approximately 2-3 million physical copies from its release through 1999.<ref name="Armitage"/><ref name="ibt"/> According to [[PC Data]], which tracked sales in the United States, ''Doom''{{'}}s shareware edition had yielded 1.36 million units sold and $8.74 million in revenue in the United States. This led [[PC Data]] to declare it the country's fourth-best-selling computer game for the period between January 1993 and April 1998.<ref name="1993-1998">{{cite magazine |title=Player Stats: Top 10 Best-Selling Games, 1993 – Present |date=September 1998 |issue=170 |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |page=52 |issn=0744-6667}}</ref> The ''Ultimate Doom'' [[Stock keeping unit|SKU]] reached sales of 787,397 units by September 1999. At the time, PC Data ranked them as the country's eighth- and 20th-best-selling computer games since January 1993.<ref name="alltimesales">{{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000302112243/http://pc.ign.com/news/11728.html | url=http://pc.ign.com:80/news/11728.html | title=PC Data Top Games of All Time | date=November 1, 1999 | author=IGN Staff | work=[[IGN]] | archive-date=March 2, 2000 | url-status=dead | access-date=May 31, 2018 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In addition to its sales, the game's status as shareware dramatically increased its market penetration. ''[[PC Zone]]''{{'}}s David McCandless wrote that the game was played by "an estimated six million people across the globe",<ref name="gamesthatchanged"/> and other sources estimate that 10–20 million people played ''Doom'' within 24 months of its launch.<ref name="wargames"/>
''Doom'' became a problem at workplaces, both occupying the time of employees and clogging computer networks. [[Intel]],<ref name="cgw199403"/> [[Lotus Development]], and [[Carnegie Mellon University]] were among many organizations reported to form policies specifically disallowing ''Doom''-playing during work hours. At the [[Microsoft]] campus, ''Doom'' was by one account equal to a "religious phenomenon".<ref name="mastersofdoom"/> Doom was #1 on ''Computer Gaming World''{{'}}s "Playing Lately?" survey for February 1994. One reader said that "No other game even compares to the addictiveness of NetDoom with four devious players! ... The only game I've stayed up 72+ straight hours to play", and another reported that "Linking four people together for a game of Doom is the quickest way to destroy a productive, boring evening of work".<ref name="cgw199404wh"/>
===Contemporary reviews===
[[File:Billdoom.png|thumb|To promote [[Windows 95]], [[Bill Gates]], aware of the video game's popularity, showcased a video presentation while digitally superimposed into ''Doom'']]
Although Petersen said ''Doom'' was "nothing more than the computer equivalent of [[Whack-A-Mole]]",<ref name="schuytema199408" /> ''Doom'' received critical acclaim and was widely praised in the gaming press, broadly considered to be one of the most important and influential titles in gaming history. Upon release, ''[[GamesMaster]]'' gave it a 90% rating.<ref name="GR-PC" /> ''[[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]]'' gave it five stars, praising the improvements over ''[[Wolfenstein 3D]]'', the "fast-moving [[Arcade game|arcade]] [[shoot 'em up]]" gameplay, and network play.<ref name="Dragon203" /> ''[[Computer and Video Games]]'' gave the game a 93% rating, praising its atmosphere and stating that "the level of texture-mapped detail and the sense of scale is awe inspiring", but criticized the occasionally repetitive gameplay and considered the violence excessive.<ref name="CVG148" /> A common criticism of ''Doom'' was that it was not a true 3D game, since the game engine did not allow corridors and rooms to be stacked on top of one another ([[room-over-room]]), and instead relied on graphical trickery to make it appear that the player character and enemies were moving along differing elevations.<ref name="NotTrue3D" />
''[[Computer Gaming World]]'' stated in February 1994 that ''Wolfenstein 3D'' fans should "look forward to a delight of insomnia", and "Since networking is supported, bring along a friend to share in the visceral delights".<ref name="cgw199402"/> A longer review in March 1994 said that ''Doom'' "was worth the wait ... a wonderfully involved and engaging game", and its technology "a new benchmark" for the gaming industry. The reviewer praised the "simply ''dazzling''" graphics", and reported that "DeathMatches may be the most intense gaming experience available today". While criticizing the "ho-hum endgame" with a too-easy [[end boss]], he concluded that ''Doom'' "is a virtuoso performance".<ref name="walker199403"/>
''[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]]'' praised the graphics and levels but criticized the "simple 3D perspective [[Maze game|maze]] [[Action-adventure game|adventure/shoot 'em up]]" gameplay. The review concluded: "You’lI be longing for something new in this game. If only you could talk to these creatures, then perhaps you could try and make friends with them, form alliances... Now, that would be interesting."<ref name="Edge"/> The sentiment attracted widespread mockery, and "if only you could talk to these creatures" became a running joke in [[video game culture]]. A 2016 piece in the ''[[International Business Times]]'' defended the sentiment, saying it anticipated the dialogue systems of games such as ''[[Skyrim]]'', ''[[Mass Effect]]'', and ''[[Undertale]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/doom-infamous-talk-monsters-review-was-right-side-history-1559763|title=Doom: Infamous \'talk to the monsters\' review was on the right side of history|date=2016-05-13|website=International Business Times UK|language=en|access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref>
In 1994, ''[[PC Gamer UK]]'' named ''Doom'' the third best computer game of all time. The editors wrote: "Although it's only been around for a couple of months, ''Doom'' has already done more to establish the PC's arcade clout than any other title in gaming history."<ref name="pcgameruktop50"/> In 1994 ''[[Computer Gaming World]]'' named ''Doom'' Game of the Year.<ref name="cgw199406"/> The game has been [[Official versions of Doom#Consoles|ported to numerous console gaming platforms]] both domestically and abroad where it maintained its popularity, receiving generally favorable critical reception.<ref name="GR-JG"/><ref name="GR-PS"/><ref name="GR-GBA"/>
===Retrospective reception===
In 1995, ''[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]'' said it was "The most talked about PC game ever – and with good reason. Running on a [[Intel 80486|486]] machine (essential for maximum effect), ''Doom'' took PC graphics to a totally new level of speed, detail, and realism, and provided a genuinely scary degree of immersion in the gameworld."<ref name="DoomRealism"/> In 1996, ''Computer Gaming World'' named it the fifth best video game of all time,<ref name="cgw199611best"/> and the third most-innovative game.<ref name="cgw199611mostinnovative"/> In 1998, ''[[PC Gamer]]'' declared it the 34th-best computer game ever released, and the editors called it "Probably the most imitated game of all time, ''Doom'' continued what ''Wolfenstein 3D'' began and elevated the fledgling 3D-shooter genre to blockbuster status".<ref name=pcgtop50>{{cite journal | author=The ''PC Gamer'' Editors | title=The 50 Best Games Ever | date=October 1998 | volume=5 | number=10 | journal=[[PC Gamer US]] | pages=86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 98, 101, 102, 109, 110, 113, 114, 117, 118, 125, 126, 129, 130 }}</ref>
In 2001, ''Doom'' was voted the number one game of all time in a poll among over 100 game developers and journalists conducted by [[GameSpy]].<ref name=gamespy20010701/> In 2003, [[IGN]] ranked it as the 44th top video game of all time and also called it "''the'' breakthrough game of 1993", adding: "Its arsenal of powerful guns (namely the shotgun and [[BFG (weapon)|BFG]]), intense level of gore and perfect balance of adrenaline-soaked action and exploration kept this gamer riveted for years."<ref name=IGNtop100/> ''[[PC Gamer]]'' proclaimed ''Doom'' the most influential game of all time in its ten-year anniversary issue in April 2004.
In 2004, readers of ''[[Retro Gamer]]'' voted ''Doom'' as the ninth top retro game, with the editors commenting: "Only a handful of games can claim that they've changed the gaming world, and ''Doom'' is perhaps the most qualified of them all."<ref name=retrogamer2004/> In 2005, IGN ranked it as the 39th top game.<ref name=IGNtop1002005/> On March 12, 2007, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that ''Doom'' was named to a list of the ten most important video games of all time, the so-called [[game canon]].<ref name=chaplin20070312/> The [[Library of Congress]] took up this video game preservation proposal and began with the games from this list.<ref name="Joystiq"/><ref name="DG-Interview"/>
In 2009, [[GameTrailers]] ranked ''Doom'' as the number one "breakthrough PC game".<ref name=gttopten/> That year ''[[Game Informer]]'' put ''Doom'' sixth on the magazine's list of the top 200 games of all time, stating that it gave "the genre the kick start it needed to rule the gaming landscape two decades later".<ref name="gi_best"/> ''Game Informer'' staff also put it sixth on their 2001 list of the 100 best games ever.<ref name="GameInformer"/> IGN included ''Doom'' at 2nd place in the ''Top 100 Video Game Shooters of all Time'', just behind ''[[Half-Life (video game)|Half-Life]]'', citing the game's "feel of running and gunning", memorable weapons and enemies, pure and simple fun, and its spreading on nearly every gaming platform in existence.<ref name=IGNtopshooters/>
In 2012, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named it one of the 100 greatest video games of all time as "it established the look and feel of later shooters as surely as [[Xerox]] [[PARC (company)|PARC]] established the rules of the [[virtual desktop]]", adding that "its impact also owes a lot to the gonzo horror sensibility of its designers, including John Romero, who showed a bracing lack of restraint in their deployment of gore and [[Satan]]ic iconography".<ref name="AccoTimeAllTime"/> Including ''Doom'' on the list of the greatest games of all time, [[GameSpot]] wrote that "despite its numerous appearances in other formats and on other media, longtime fans will forever remember the original 1993 release of ''Doom'' as the beginning of a true revolution in action gaming".<ref name=shoemaker20060131/>
In 2021, ''[[Kotaku]]'' listed ''Doom'' as the third best game in the series, behind [[Doom II|''Doom 2'']] and [[Doom (2016 video game)|''Doom (2016)'']]. They said that the gameplay "still holds up", but argued it was inferior to ''Doom 2'' due to the latter's improved enemy variety.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Let's Rank All The Doom Games, From Worst To Best|url=https://thebests.kotaku.com/lets-rank-all-the-doom-games-from-worst-to-best-1846753672|access-date=2021-05-12|website=Kotaku|language=en-us}}</ref>
===Controversies===
{{See also|List of banned video games}}
[[File:Doom gibs.png|thumb|''Doom''{{'s}} intense level of graphic violence made the game highly controversial, as seen in the gory effects of a rocket hitting a group of enemies.]]
''Doom'' was notorious for its high levels of [[graphic violence]]<ref name="DoomViolence"/> and [[Satanism|satanic]] imagery, which generated controversy from a broad range of groups. ''Doom'' for the Genesis 32X was one of the first video games to be given an M for Mature rating from the [[Entertainment Software Rating Board]] due to its violent gore and nature.<ref name="DoomMature"/> [[Yahoo! Games]] listed it as one of the top ten most controversial games of all time.<ref name="DoomYahoo"/> It was criticized by religious organizations for its diabolic undertones and was dubbed a "mass murder simulator" by critic and [[Killology]] Research Group founder [[Dave Grossman (author)|David Grossman]].<ref name="DoomKillology"/> ''Doom'' prompted fears that the then-emerging [[virtual reality]] technology could be used to simulate extremely realistic killing.
The game again sparked controversy in the United States when it was found that [[Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold]], who committed the [[Columbine High School massacre]] on April 20, 1999, were avid players of the game. While planning for the massacre, Harris said in his journal that the killing would be "like playing ''Doom''", and "it'll be like the [[1992 Los Angeles riots|LA riots]], the [[Oklahoma City bombing|Oklahoma bombing]], [[World War II]], [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]], ''[[Duke Nukem 3D|Duke Nukem]]'' and ''Doom'' all mixed together", and that his shotgun was "straight out of the game".<ref name="DoomHighSchool"/> A rumor spread afterwards that Harris had designed a ''Doom'' level that looked like the high school, populated with representations of Harris's classmates and teachers, and that he practiced for the shootings by playing the level repeatedly. Although Harris did design custom ''Doom'' levels (which later became known as the "[[Doom modding#Miscellaneous|Harris levels]]"), none have been found to be based on [[Columbine High School]].<ref name="SnopesHarrisLevels"/>
In the earliest release versions, the level E1M4: Command Control contains a [[swastika]]-shaped structure, which was put in as a homage to ''Wolfenstein 3D''. The swastika was removed in later versions; according to Romero, the change was done out of respect after id Software received a complaint from a military veteran.<ref name="IGNvideo"/>
==Legacy==
===''Doom'' franchise===
{{main|Doom (franchise)}}
''Doom'' has appeared in several forms in addition to video games, including a ''Doom'' comic book, four novels by [[Dafydd Ab Hugh]] and [[Brad Linaweaver]] (loosely based on events and locations in the games), a [[Doom: The Boardgame|''Doom'' board game]] and [[Doom (film)|a live-action film]] starring [[Karl Urban]] and [[Dwayne Johnson|The Rock]] released in 2005. The game's development and impact on popular culture is the subject of the book ''[[Masters of Doom|Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture]]'' by [[David Kushner]].
The ''Doom'' series remained dormant between 1997 and 2000, when ''[[Doom 3]]'' was finally announced. A retelling of the original ''Doom'' using entirely new graphics technology and a slower paced survival horror approach, ''Doom 3'' was hyped to provide as large a leap in realism and interactivity as the original game and helped renew interest in the franchise when it was released in 2004, under the [[id Tech 4]] game engine.
The series again remained dormant for 10 years until a reboot, simply titled [[Doom (2016 video game)|''Doom'']] and running on the new [[id Tech 6]], was announced with a beta access to players that had pre-ordered ''[[Wolfenstein: The New Order]]''. The game held its closed alpha multiplayer testing in October 2015, as closed and open beta access ran during March to April 2016. Returning to the series' roots in fast-paced action and minimal storytelling, the full game eventually released worldwide on May 13, 2016. The project initially started as ''Doom 4'' in May 2008, set to be a remake of ''[[Doom II|Doom II: Hell on Earth]]'' and ditching the survival horror aspect of ''Doom 3''. Development completely restarted as id's Tim Willits remarked that ''Doom 4'' was "lacking the personality of the long-running shooter franchise".<ref name="mtv"/>
===Clones===
{{Main|First-person shooter}}
[[File:Doom clone vs first person shooter.png|thumb|By 1998, the phrase "first-person shooter" had firmly superseded "''Doom'' clone".]]
''Doom'' was influential and dozens of new first-person shooter games appeared following ''Doom''{{'}}s release, often referred to as "[[Doom clone|''Doom'' clones]]".<ref name=":0" /> The term was initially popular, and after 1996, gradually replaced by "[[first-person shooter]]", which had firmly superseded around 1998. Some of these were cheap [[Clone (computing)|clones]], hastily assembled and quickly forgotten, and others explored new grounds of the genre with high acclaim. Many of ''Doom''{{'}}s closely imitated features include the selection of weapons and cheat codes. Some successors include [[3D Realms|Apogee]]'s ''[[Rise of the Triad]]'' (based on the ''Wolfenstein 3D'' engine) and [[Looking Glass Studios]]'s ''[[System Shock]]''.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} The popularity of ''[[Star Wars]]''-themed WADs is rumored to have been the factor that prompted [[LucasArts]] to create their first-person shooter ''[[Dark Forces]]''.<ref name="DoomClones"/>
The ''Doom'' game engine [[Doom engine|id Tech 1]] was licensed by id Software to several other companies, who released their own games using the technology, including ''[[Heretic (video game)|Heretic]]'', ''[[Hexen: Beyond Heretic]]'', ''[[Strife (1996 video game)|Strife: Quest for the Sigil]]'', and ''[[Doom modding#Total conversions|Hacx: Twitch 'n Kill]]''. A ''Doom''-based game called ''[[Chex Quest]]'' was released in 1996 by [[Ralston Foods]] as a promotion to increase cereal sales,<ref name="DoomChex"/> and the [[United States Marine Corps]] produced ''[[Marine Doom]]'' as a training tool, later released to the public.
When [[3D Realms]] released ''[[Duke Nukem 3D]]'' in 1996, a tongue-in-cheek science fiction shooter based on [[Ken Silverman]]'s technologically similar [[Build (game engine)|''Build'' engine]], id Software had nearly finished developing ''[[Quake (video game)|Quake]]'', its next-generation game, which mirrored ''Doom''{{'}}s success for much of the remainder of the 1990s and reduced interest in its predecessor (Wolfenstein 3D).
===Community===
In addition to the thrilling nature of the single-player game, the [[deathmatch]] mode was an important factor in the game's popularity. ''Doom'' was not the first first-person shooter with a deathmatch mode; ''[[Maze War]]'', an FPS released in 1974, was running multiplayer deathmatch over [[ethernet]] on Xerox computers by 1977. The widespread distribution of PC systems and the violence in ''Doom'' made deathmatching particularly attractive. Two-player multiplayer was possible over a phone line by using a [[modem]], or by linking two PCs with a null-modem cable. Because of its widespread distribution, ''Doom'' hence became the game that introduced deathmatching to a large audience and was also the first game to use the term "deathmatch".<ref name="Deathmatchterm"/>
Although the popularity of the ''Doom'' games dropped with the release of more modern first-person shooters, the game still retains a strong fan base that continues to this day by playing competitively and creating WADs, and ''Doom''-related news is still tracked at multiple websites such as Doomworld. Interest in ''Doom'' was renewed in 1997, when the [[source code]] for the [[Doom engine|''Doom'' engine]] was released (it was also placed under the [[GNU General Public License|GNU GPL-2.0-or-later]] on October 3, 1999). Fans then began [[porting]] the game to various operating systems, even to previously unsupported platforms such as the [[Dreamcast]]. As for the PC, over 50 different [[List of Doom source ports|''Doom'' source ports]] have been developed. New features such as [[OpenGL]] rendering and [[Scripting language|scripting]] allow WADs to alter the gameplay more radically.
Devoted players have spent years creating [[speedrun]]s for ''Doom'', competing for the quickest completion times of individual levels and the whole game and sharing knowledge about routes through the levels and how to exploit [[software bug|bugs]] in the ''Doom'' engine for shortcuts. ''Doom'' was one of the first games to have a speedrunning community, which has remained active up until the present day. A record speedrun on E1M1, the first level in the game, was achieved in September 1998, and took 20 years and “tens of thousands of futile attempts” in order to be surpassed.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Martin|first1=Alan|title=21 years after being set, the world record for speedrunning Doom's first level has been bested|url=https://www.trustedreviews.com/news/doom-speedrun-world-record-3694694|website=Trusted Reviews}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Walker|first1=Alex|title=Insanely Difficult DOOM Record Beaten After 20 Years|url=https://www.kotaku.com.au/2019/04/doom-speedrun-world-record-broken-after-20-years/|website=Kotaku Australia}}</ref> Achievements include the completion of both ''Doom'' and ''Doom II'' on the "Ultra-Violence" difficulty setting in less than 30 minutes each. In addition, a few players have also managed to complete ''Doom II'' in a single run on the difficulty setting "Nightmare!", on which monsters are more aggressive, launch faster projectiles (or, in the case of the Pinky Demon, simply move faster), and respawn roughly 30 seconds after they have been killed (level designer John Romero characterized the idea of such a run as "[just having to be] impossible").<ref name="DoomNightmare"/> Movies of most of these runs are available from the COMPET-N website.<ref name="DoomCOMPET-N"/>
Online co-op and deathmatch play are still continued on [[List of Doom source ports|fan-created services]].
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<!-- unused references -->
<!-- <ref name="DoomRelease">{{cite web |author=id Software |title=Doom Press Release |year=1993 |url=http://www.rome.ro/lee_killough/history/doompr3.shtml |access-date=April 2, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825053443/http://www.rome.ro/lee_killough/history/doompr3.shtml |archive-date=August 25, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="note 2017">{{cite web |url= http://rome.ro/doomguy/ |title= Doomguy's Identity |access-date = December 10, 2017 |last= Romero |first= John |date= August 5, 2017 |website= DOOM Stories |quote=I am doomguy. |publisher= John Romero's site |author-link= John Romero |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170805043409/http://rome.ro/doomguy/ |archive-date= August 5, 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="game_SeeT">{{Cite web|title=See The Original Sketch And Model That Inspired Doom's Doomguy |author=Kyle Hillard |work=GameInformer |date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=March 26, 2015 |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2014/12/13/see-the-original-sketch-and-model-that-inspired-doom-39-s-doomguy.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417144132/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2014/12/13/see-the-original-sketch-and-model-that-inspired-doom-39-s-doomguy.aspx |archive-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomNextGen">{{cite magazine|last=Zachary|first=George |title=Generator: How a Little Game Called Doom May Have Changes the Business World Forever|magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]|issue=21 |publisher=[[Imagine Media]]|date=September 1996|page=20}}</ref>-->
<ref name="GBA_Release">{{cite magazine|title=GBA Top 10 Games - 2001 |url=https://archive.org/details/GameShark_Magazine_Holiday_2001 |magazine=[[GameShark]] |issue=Holiday |date=December 2001 |page=[https://archive.org/details/GameShark_Magazine_Holiday_2001/page/n81 69]}}</ref>
<ref name="Switch_Release">{{cite web |title=The Original DOOM, DOOM II And DOOM 3 Have All Surprise Launched On Nintendo Switch |url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2019/07/the_original_doom_doom_ii_and_doom_3_have_all_surprise_launched_on_nintendo_switch |work=[[Nintendo Life]] |first=Ryan |last=Craddock |date=2019-07-26 |access-date=2019-07-26}}</ref>
<ref name="Armitage">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znUoeG5ulvQC&q=doom+copies+sold&pg=PA14 |title=Networking and Online Games: Understanding and Engineering Multiplayer Internet Games |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |author1=Armitage, Grenville |author2=Claypool, Mark |author3=Branch, Philip |year=2006 |location=Chichester, England |pages=14 |isbn=0470030461 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221020129/https://books.google.com/books?id=znUoeG5ulvQC&lpg=PA14&dq=doom%20copies%20sold&pg=PA14 |archive-date=February 21, 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomVirtualWorlds">{{cite magazine|last=Keizer |first=Gregg |title=Virtual Worlds - Doom |url=https://archive.org/details/ElectronicEntertainment04Apr1994/page/n97 |magazine=Electronic Entertainment|issue=4 |publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=April 1994 |page=94}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomCheat">{{Cite web |url=http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/the-10-greatest-cheat-codes-in-gaming-history/doom-god-mode |title=The 10 Greatest Cheat Codes in Gaming HistoryDoom: God Mode |access-date=July 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717235009/http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/the-10-greatest-cheat-codes-in-gaming-history/doom-god-mode |archive-date=July 17, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="DoomAchieve">{{Cite web |url=https://gamerant.com/doom-ps4-xbox-one-achievements-trophies-list/ |title=DOOM PS4 Trophies List Revealed |access-date=July 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022033652/https://gamerant.com/doom-ps4-xbox-one-achievements-trophies-list/ |archive-date=October 22, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all |date=May 3, 2016 }}</ref>
<ref name="DoomExtreme">{{Cite web |url=https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/172489-doom-the-original-and-best-first-person-shooter-is-20-years-old-today |title=Doom, the original and best first-person shooter, is 20 years old today - ExtremeTech |access-date=July 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022032734/https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/172489-doom-the-original-and-best-first-person-shooter-is-20-years-old-today |archive-date=October 22, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="DoomWorld">{{Cite web |url=https://www.doomworld.com/pageofdoom/cheat.html |title=The Page of Doom: The Cheats |access-date=July 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911224647/http://www.doomworld.com/pageofdoom/cheat.html |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="mastersofdoom">{{cite book |author=Kushner, David |title=Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-375-50524-9|title-link=Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture }}</ref>
<!-- Development -->
<ref name="CGWHallofFame">{{cite web |url=http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=8&cId=3139081#77 |title=CGW's Hall of Fame |author=Computer Gaming World |work=[[1UP.com]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |access-date=2016-07-27 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160727152017/http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=8&cId=3139081#77 |archive-date=2016-07-27 |url-status=dead |author-link=Computer Gaming World }}</ref>
<ref name="VGB">''Video Game Bible, 1985-2002'', p. 53</ref>
<ref name="AGGreview">{{cite web |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11717&tab=review |title=Wolfenstein 3D DOS Review |work=[[AllGame]] |publisher=[[All Media Network]] |last=Williamson |first=Colin |access-date=2016-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115011724/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11717&tab=review |archive-date=2014-11-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN100">{{cite web |url=http://top100.ign.com/2003/91-100.html |title=IGN's Top 100 Games (2003) |work=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |access-date=2016-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419044602/http://top100.ign.com/2003/91-100.html |archive-date=2016-04-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="WIREDretro">{{cite journal |url=https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/05/dayintech_0505 |title=May 5, 1992: Wolfenstein 3-D Shoots the First-Person Shooter Into Stardom |last=Shachtman |first=Noah |journal=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=2008-05-08 |access-date=2016-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025220612/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/05/dayintech_0505 |archive-date=2011-10-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="MOD118121">''Masters of Doom'', pp. 118–121</ref>
<ref name="GDC2011">{{cite AV media |url=http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1014627/Classic-Game-Postmortem |title=Classic Game Postmortem – Doom |medium=Video |people=[[John Romero|Romero, John]]; [[Tom Hall|Hall, Tom]] |publisher=[[Game Developers Conference]] |date=2011 |access-date=2018-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806110612/http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1014627/Classic-Game-Postmortem |archive-date=2017-08-06 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomHorizon">{{cite magazine|title=On the Horizon |url=https://archive.org/stream/Game_Players_PC_Entertainment_Volume_6_Issue_3_May_1993#page/n11 |magazine=Game Players PC Entertainment |issue=3 |volume=6 |publisher=GP Publications |date=May 1993 |page=8}}</ref>
<ref name="MonsterId">{{cite web |title=Monsters from the Id: The Making of Doom |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/198783/monsters_from_the_id_the_making_.php?page=3 |work=[[Gamasutra]] |publisher=[[UBM plc|UBM]] |first=Alexander |last=Antoniades |date=2013-08-22 |access-date=2018-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025431/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/198783/monsters_from_the_id_the_making_.php?page=3 |archive-date=September 25, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="MOD122123">''Masters of Doom'', pp. 122–123</ref>
<ref name="MOD124131">''Masters of Doom'', pp. 124–131</ref>
<ref name="DSSS249250">''The Official DOOM Survivor's Strategies and Secrets'', pp. 249–250</ref>
<ref name="MattChat">{{cite AV media |people=[[John Romero|Romero, John]]; Barton, Matt |title=Matt Chat 53: Doom with John Romero |medium=Video |publisher=Matt Barton |date=2010-03-13 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgb8UxBb7og |access-date=2018-02-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124213821/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgb8UxBb7og |archive-date=2016-11-24 }}</ref>
<ref name="Petersen">{{cite web |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/august02/gencon/petersen/ |title=Sandy Petersen Speaks |last=Bub |first=Andrew S. |date=2002-07-10 |work=[[GameSpy]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |access-date=2018-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050322042740/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/august02/gencon/petersen/ |archive-date=2005-03-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="MCV">{{cite web |url=https://www.mcvuk.com/development/video-john-romero-reveals-level-design-secrets-while-playing-doom |title=Video: John Romero reveals level design secrets while playing Doom |work=[[MCV (magazine)|MCV]] |publisher=[[NewBay Media]] |date=2015-01-26 |access-date=2018-02-02 |last=Batchelor |first=James |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202211209/https://www.mcvuk.com/development/video-john-romero-reveals-level-design-secrets-while-playing-doom |archive-date=2018-02-02 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="MOD132147">''Masters of Doom'', pp. 132–147</ref>
<ref name="RomeroGDC">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1023765/The-Early-Days-of-id |title=The Early Days of id Software |medium=Video |people=[[John Romero|Romero, John]] |publisher=[[Game Developers Conference]] |date=2016 |access-date=2018-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707180922/http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1023765/The-Early-Days-of-id |archive-date=2017-07-07 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="MOD148153">''Masters of Doom'', pp. 148–153</ref>
<ref name="IGNvideo">{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/videos/2013/12/10/we-play-doom-with-john-romero |title=We Play Doom with John Romero |work=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |date=2013-12-10 |access-date=2018-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052825/http://www.ign.com/videos/2013/12/10/we-play-doom-with-john-romero |archive-date=2018-01-11 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="CGWLight">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121 |title=The Lighter Side of Doom |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |date=August 1994 |issue=121 |last=Schuytema |first=Paul C. |pages=140–142 |issn=0744-6667 |access-date=January 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102213537/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121 |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="MOD166">''Masters of Doom'', p. 166</ref>
<ref name="DSSS247">''The Official DOOM Survivor's Strategies and Secrets'', p. 247</ref>
<ref name="Deathmatch">''Atari to Zelda'', pp. 201–203</ref>
<ref name="Metal">{{cite web |url=http://rome.ro/smf/index.php?PHPSESSID=984131ae5ed449a17e102eaa99b04487&topic=4060.0 |title=Influences on Doom Music |last=Romero |first=John |author-link=John Romero |publisher=rome.ro |date=2005-04-19 |access-date=2018-02-06 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130901172238/http://rome.ro/smf/index.php?PHPSESSID=984131ae5ed449a17e102eaa99b04487&topic=4060.0 |archive-date=2013-09-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="SDF5255">''Doom: Scarydarkfast'', pp. 52–55</ref>
<ref name="PrinceDoom">{{cite web |url=http://bobbyprincemusic.blogspot.com/2010/12/deciding-where-to-place-musicsound.html |title=Deciding Where To Place Music/Sound Effects In A Game |last=Prince |first=Bobby |author-link=Robert Prince (video game composer) |publisher=Bobby Prince Music |date=2010-12-29 |access-date=2018-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812183456/http://bobbyprincemusic.blogspot.com/2010/12/deciding-where-to-place-musicsound.html |archive-date=2011-08-12 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<!-- Release -->
<ref name="Doomlinux">{{cite newsgroup |url=http://tech-insider.org/linux/research/1994/0909-f.html |title=Linux DOOM for X released |newsgroup=comp.os.linux.announce |message-id=ann-13210.779119772@cs.cornell.edu |author-link=Dave Taylor (game programmer) |last=Taylor |first=Dave |date=1994-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328100641/http://tech-insider.org/linux/research/1994/0909-f.html |archive-date=2017-03-28 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="IGNDoomVersions">{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/games/doom/pc-3285 |title=Doom (1993) – PC |work=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |access-date=2017-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430180656/http://www.ign.com/games/doom/pc-3285 |archive-date=2017-04-30 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomJaguar">{{cite book |title=The A-Z of Atari Jaguar Games – Volume 1 |first=Kieren |last=Hawken |publisher=Andrews UK |date=2017-09-02 |chapter=Doom |isbn=978-1-78538-734-0}}</ref>
<ref name="DOOM3BFG">{{cite web |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/doom-3-shines-flashlight-on-the-lost-mission-and-doesnt-even-need-to-put-down-its-gun/ |title=Doom 3 shines flashlight on The Lost Mission (And doesn't even need to put down its gun!) |last=Cobbett |first=Richard |date=2012-08-03 |work=[[PC Gamer]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |access-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225032753/http://www.pcgamer.com/doom-3-shines-flashlight-on-the-lost-mission-and-doesnt-even-need-to-put-down-its-gun/ |archive-date=2015-02-25 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="UltDoom">{{cite web |url=http://www.jeuxvideo.com/jeux/pc/00001017-the-ultimate-doom-thy-flesh-consumed.htm |title=The Ultimate Doom: Thy Flesh Consumed |publisher=[[Jeuxvideo.com]] |language=fr |access-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104114112/http://www.jeuxvideo.com/jeux/pc/00001017-the-ultimate-doom-thy-flesh-consumed.htm |archive-date=2017-11-04 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="ItRunsDoom1">{{cite journal |url=https://www.wired.com/2003/01/but-can-it-run-doom/ |title=But Can It Run Doom? |date=2003-01-01 |journal=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |access-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429090150/http://www.wired.com/2003/01/but-can-it-run-doom/ |archive-date=2017-04-29 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="ItRunsDoom2">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/12-things-that-prove-that-doom-will-run-on-literally-anything/ |title=Watch Doom running on an ATM, a printer... and 10 other weird, non-gaming machines |last=Hurley |first=Leon |date=2017-05-15 |work=[[GamesRadar+]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |access-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718222638/http://www.gamesradar.com/12-things-that-prove-that-doom-will-run-on-literally-anything/ |archive-date=2017-07-18 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="ItRunsDoom3">{{cite web |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/pianos-printers-and-other-weird-things-you-can-play-doom-on/ |title=Pianos, printers, and other surprising things you can play Doom on |last=Petitte |first=Omri |date=2016-02-02 |work=[[PC Gamer]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |access-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006064443/http://www.pcgamer.com/pianos-printers-and-other-weird-things-you-can-play-doom-on/ |archive-date=2017-10-06 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<!-- Reception -->
<ref name="QuickPatch">{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/memories-of-doom-by-john-romero-john-carmack-1480437464 |title=Memories Of Doom, By John Romero & John Carmack |last=Totilo |first=Steven |date=2013-12-10 |work=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[Univision Communications]] |access-date=2018-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015002852/https://kotaku.com/memories-of-doom-by-john-romero-john-carmack-1480437464 |archive-date=October 15, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199403">{{Cite magazine |date=March 1994 |title=Intel Bans Doom! |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=116 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |page=14 |access-date=November 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110115305/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=116 |archive-date=November 10, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199404wh">{{Cite magazine |date=April 1994 |title=What You've Been Playing Lately |department=What's Hot |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=117 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |pages=184 |access-date=November 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111041726/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=117 |archive-date=November 11, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="windows-95">{{cite news|url=http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/167253-gabe-newell-made-windows-a-viable-gaming-platform-and-linux-is-next?origref= |title=Gabe Newell Made Windows a Viable Gaming Platform, and Linux Is Next |author=Sebastian Anthony |publisher=[[ExtremeTech]] |date=September 24, 2013 |access-date=August 11, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035701/http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/167253-gabe-newell-made-windows-a-viable-gaming-platform-and-linux-is-next?origref= |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199407">{{Cite magazine |last1=Wilson |first1=Johnny L. |last2=Brown |first2=Ken |last3=Lombardi |first3=Chris |last4=Weksler |first4=Mike |last5=Coleman |first5=Terry |date=July 1994 |title=The Designer's Dilemma: The Eighth Computer Game Developers Conference |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=120 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |pages=26–31 |access-date=November 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116132532/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=120 |archive-date=November 16, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="PSMags">Gallup UK PlayStation sales chart, April 1996, published in [[Official UK PlayStation Magazine]] issue 5</ref>
<ref name="SonicDoom">{{cite web |author=Sonic Retro |title=Sonic Doom II – Bots on Mobious |year=2013 |url=http://www.sonicretro.org/2013/06/fan-game-frenzy-sonic-doom-ii-bots-on-mobius/ |access-date=June 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012043444/http://www.sonicretro.org/2013/06/fan-game-frenzy-sonic-doom-ii-bots-on-mobius/ |archive-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomWADFTP">{{cite web |author=Doomworld |title=/idgames database |url=http://www.doomworld.com/idgames/ |access-date=September 3, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528180311/http://www.doomworld.com/idgames/ |archive-date=May 28, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="Dragon217">{{cite journal |title=Eye of the Monitor |author=Jay & Dee |journal=Dragon |issue=217 |date=May 1995 |pages=65–74}}</ref>
<ref name="GR-PC">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/524287-doom-1993/index.html |title=Doom (1993) for PC |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829133904/http://www.gamerankings.com/pc/524287-doom/index.html |archive-date=August 29, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="GR-JG">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/jaguar/563365-doom/index.html |title=Doom for Jaguar |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313151332/http://www.gamerankings.com/jaguar/563365-doom/index.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="GR-SNES">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/snes/588285-doom/index.html |title=Doom for Super Nintendo |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812213336/https://www.gamerankings.com/snes/588285-doom/index.html |archive-date=August 12, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="GR-PS">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/ps/919060-doom/index.html |title=Doom for PlayStation |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718070703/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps/919060-doom/index.html |archive-date=July 18, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="GR-GBA">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/gba/531288-doom/index.html |title=Doom for Game Boy Advance |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718070734/http://www.gamerankings.com/gba/531288-doom/index.html |archive-date=July 18, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="GR-X360">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/935829-doom/index.html |title=Doom for Xbox 360 |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813004232/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/935829-doom/index.html |archive-date=August 13, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="GR-iOS">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/iphone/978641-doom-classic/index.html |title=Doom Classic for iOS (iPhone/iPad) |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812213330/https://www.gamerankings.com/iphone/978641-doom-classic/index.html |archive-date=August 12, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="MC-GBA">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/game-boy-advance/doom |title=Doom for Game Boy Advance Reviews |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921033742/https://www.metacritic.com/game/game-boy-advance/doom |archive-date=September 21, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="MC-X360">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/doom |title=Doom for Xbox 360 Reviews |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703032205/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/doom |archive-date=July 3, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="MC-iOS">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/ios/doom-classic |title=Doom Classic for iPhone/iPad Reviews |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717045343/http://www.metacritic.com/game/ios/doom-classic |archive-date=July 17, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Allgame">{{cite web |last=Mauser |first=Evan A. |title=Doom – Review|publisher=[[Allgame]] |access-date=July 22, 2013 |url=http://allgame.com/game.php?id=776&tab=review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114195825/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=776&tab=review|archive-date=November 14, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="CVG148">{{cite magazine |date=March 1994 |issue=148 |title=Reviews: DOOM |url= https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File%3ACVG_UK_148.pdf&page=72 |magazine= [[Computer and Video Games]]|pages=72–73 |access-date= 2020-06-11}}</ref>
<ref name="Dragon203">{{cite magazine |last=Kaufman |first=Doug |date=March 1994 |issue=203 |title=Eye of the Monitor: DOOM |url= http://annarchive.com/files/Drmg203.pdf#page=61 |magazine= [[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]]|pages=59–62 |publisher = TSR, Inc.| access-date= 2020-06-11}}</ref>
<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |url=http://www.edge-online.com/review/doom-review/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023154751/http://www.edge-online.com/review/doom-review/ |url-status=dead|archive-date=October 23, 2012 |title=Doom Review - Edge Online|date=October 23, 2012 }}</ref>
<ref name="schuytema199408">{{Cite magazine |last=Schuytema |first=Paul C. |date=August 1994 |title=The Lighter Side Of Doom |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |pages=140, 142 |access-date=January 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102213537/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121 |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="NotTrue3D">{{cite journal |title=The First Pictures|journal=Maximum: The Video Game Magazine|issue=1|publisher=[[Emap International Limited]]|date=October 1995|pages=134–5|quote=Doom was criticised for not being a true 3D product – in fact, it's best described as 2.5D (if you will) because although each level could be staged at various heights, it was impossible to stack two corridors on top of one another in any given stage.}}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199402">{{Cite magazine |date=February 1994 |title=Taking A Peek |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=115 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |pages=212–220 |access-date=November 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003001602/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=115 |archive-date=October 3, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="walker199403">{{Cite magazine |last=Walker |first=Bryan |date=March 1994 |title=Hell's Bells And Whistles |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=116 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |pages=38–39 |access-date=November 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110115305/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=116 |archive-date=November 10, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name=pcgameruktop50>{{cite journal | author=Staff | journal=[[PC Gamer UK]] | title=The ''PC Gamer'' Top 50 PC Games of All Time |date=April 1994 | issue=5 | pages=43–56}}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199406">{{Cite magazine|date=June 1994|title=Announcing The New Premier Awards|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=118|magazine=Computer Gaming World|pages=51–58|access-date=November 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703000430/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=118|archive-date=July 3, 2014|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199611best">{{cite news|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1996&pub=2&id=148 |title=150 Best Games of All Time |work=Computer Gaming World |date=November 1996 |access-date=March 25, 2016 |pages=64–80 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408023915/http://cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1996&pub=2&id=148 |archive-date=April 8, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199611mostinnovative">{{cite news|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1996&pub=2&id=148 |title=The 15 Most Innovative Computer Games |work=Computer Gaming World |date=November 1996 |access-date=March 25, 2016 |pages=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408023915/http://cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1996&pub=2&id=148 |archive-date=April 8, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomRealism">{{cite journal |title=The Games |journal=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]] |issue=4 |publisher=[[Imagine Media]] |date=April 1995 |page=53}}</ref>
<ref name=gamespy20010701>{{cite web |author=GameSpy |title=GameSpy's Top 50 Games of All Time |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/july01/top50index/ |year=2001 |publisher=GameSpy |access-date=November 15, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710152120/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/july01/top50index/ |archive-date=July 10, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name=IGNtop100>{{cite web |url=http://uk.top100.ign.com/2003/41-50.html#44 |title=IGN's Top 100 Games of All Time |publisher=Uk.top100.ign.com |access-date=November 29, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104104024/http://uk.top100.ign.com/2003/41-50.html |archive-date=November 4, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name=retrogamer2004>''Retro Gamer'' 9, page 60.</ref>
<ref name=IGNtop1002005>{{cite web |url=http://uk.top100.ign.com/2005/031-040.html |title=IGN's Top 100 Games |publisher=Uk.top100.ign.com |access-date=November 29, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103114346/http://uk.top100.ign.com/2005/031-040.html |archive-date=November 3, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name=chaplin20070312>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/12/arts/design/12vide.html |title=Is That Just Some Game? No, It's a Cultural Artifact |newspaper=[[nytimes.com]] |first=HEATHER |last=CHAPLIN |date=March 12, 2007 |access-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004173158/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/12/arts/design/12vide.html?ex=1331352000&en=380fc9bb18694da5&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |archive-date=October 4, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="Joystiq">{{cite web |url=http://www.joystiq.com/2007/03/12/10-most-important-video-games-of-all-time-as-judged-by-2-design/ |title=10 most important video games of all time, as judged by 2 designers, 2 academics, and 1 lowly blogger |last=Ransom-Wiley |first=James |publisher=Joystiq |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422035847/http://www.joystiq.com/2007/03/12/10-most-important-video-games-of-all-time-as-judged-by-2-design/ |archive-date=April 22, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="DG-Interview">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/09/yes-the-library-of-congress-has-video-games-an-interview-with-david-gibson/ |title=Yes, The Library of Congress Has Video Games: An Interview with David Gibson |date=September 26, 2012 |access-date=January 18, 2013 |publisher=blogs.loc.gov |first=Trevor |last=Owens|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205100245/http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/09/yes-the-library-of-congress-has-video-games-an-interview-with-david-gibson/ |archive-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name=gttopten>{{cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/video/top-10-gt-countdown/52509 |title=GT Top Ten Breakthrough PC Games |publisher=GameTrailers.com |date=July 28, 2009 |access-date=July 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107111924/http://www.gametrailers.com/video/top-10-gt-countdown/52509 |archive-date=January 7, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="gi_best">{{cite journal |author=The ''Game Informer'' staff |title=The Top 200 Games of All Time |pages=44–79 |issue=200 |date=December 2009|journal=[[Game Informer]]|issn=1067-6392|oclc=27315596}}</ref>
<ref name="GameInformer">{{cite web |title=Game Informer's Top 100 Games of All Time (Circa Issue 100) |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2009/11/16/game-informer-s-top-100-games-of-all-time-circa-issue-100.aspx |work=[[Game Informer]] |last=Cork |first=Jeff |date=November 16, 2009 |access-date=December 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111051919/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2009/11/16/game-informer-s-top-100-games-of-all-time-circa-issue-100.aspx |archive-date=November 11, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name=IGNtopshooters>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/top/shooters/2 |title=Doom |website=IGN |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714002346/http://www.ign.com/top/shooters/2 |archive-date=July 14, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="AccoTimeAllTime">{{cite news |title=All-TIME 100 Video Games |url=http://techland.time.com/2012/11/15/all-time-100-video-games/slide/all/ |work=Time |publisher=Time Inc. |date=November 15, 2012 |access-date=November 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116214206/http://techland.time.com/2012/11/15/all-time-100-video-games/slide/all/ |archive-date=November 16, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=shoemaker20060131>{{cite web|last=Shoemaker |first=Brad |url=http://www.gamespot.com/features/the-greatest-games-of-all-time-doom-6143094/ |title=The Greatest Games of All Time: Doom |publisher=GameSpot.com |date=January 31, 2006 |access-date=November 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528213942/http://www.gamespot.com/features/the-greatest-games-of-all-time-doom-6143094/ |archive-date=May 28, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="ibt">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/doom-turns-20-we-take-look-games-history-1505336 |title='Doom' Turns 20: We Take A Look at the Game's History |date=December 12, 2013 |access-date=July 15, 2016 |website=International Business Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817133651/http://www.ibtimes.com/doom-turns-20-we-take-look-games-history-1505336 |archive-date=August 17, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="NBCDoom">{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/technolog/knee-deep-history-20-years-doom-2D11722313 |title=Knee deep in history: 20 years of "Doom" |date=December 10, 2013 |author=Coldewey, David |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=December 10, 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="gamesthatchanged">{{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709175704/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=58157 | url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com:80/article.php?id=58157 | title=Games That Changed The World: ''Doom'' | date=June 12, 2002 | author=McCandless, David | work=[[PC Zone]] | archive-date=July 9, 2007 | url-status=dead | access-date=July 24, 2018 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="wargames">{{cite book | author=Dunnigan, James F. | author-link=Jim Dunnigan | date=January 3, 2000 | title=Wargames Handbook, Third Edition: How to Play and Design Commercial and Professional Wargames | publisher=[[iUniverse|Writers Club Press]] |pages=14–17}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomViolence">{{cite web |author=Entertainment Software Rating Board |title=Game ratings |url=http://www.esrb.org/search_results.asp?key=doom&x=0&y=0&type=game |access-date=December 4, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216031317/http://www.esrb.org/search_results.asp?key=doom&x=0&y=0&type=game |archive-date=February 16, 2006}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomMature">{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2014/09/16/the-esrb-is-turning-20 |title=The ESRB is Turning 20 – IGN |work=[[IGN]] |date=September 16, 2014 |access-date=February 10, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216091339/http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/09/16/the-esrb-is-turning-20 |archive-date=February 16, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomYahoo">{{cite web |title=Controversial Games |publisher=[[Yahoo! Games]] |author=Ben Silverman |date=September 17, 2007 |url=http://videogames.yahoo.com/feature/controversial-games/530593 |access-date=September 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429053154/http://videogames.yahoo.com/feature/controversial-games/530593 |archive-date=April 29, 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomKillology">{{cite web |author1=Irvine, Reed |author2=Kincaid, Cliff |title=Video Games Can Kill |url=http://www.aim.org/media_monitor/A3327_0_2_0_C/ |publisher=Accuracy in Media |year=1999 |access-date=November 15, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005011325/http://www.aim.org/media_monitor/A3327_0_2_0_C/ |archive-date=October 5, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomHighSchool">{{cite web |author=4–20: a Columbine site |title=Basement Tapes: quotes and transcripts from Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold's video tapes |url=http://columbine.free2host.net/quotes.html |access-date=November 15, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060223025846/http://columbine.free2host.net/quotes.html |archive-date=February 23, 2006}}</ref>
<ref name="SnopesHarrisLevels">{{cite web |last = Mikkelson|first=Barbara|title=Columbine Doom Levels |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-harris-levels/ |website=[[Snopes]] |date=January 1, 2005 |access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="mtv">{{cite web |url=http://multiplayerblog.mtv.com/2013/08/05/id-software-and-bethesdas-cancelled-doom-4-just-wasnt-doom-enough |title=id Software and Bethesda's Cancelled 'Doom 4' Just Wasn't 'Doom' Enough |publisher=Multiplayerblog.mtv.com |date=August 5, 2013 |access-date=November 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104102655/http://multiplayerblog.mtv.com/2013/08/05/id-software-and-bethesdas-cancelled-doom-4-just-wasnt-doom-enough |archive-date=November 4, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomClones">{{cite web |author1=Turner, Benjamin |author2=Bowen, Kevin |title=Bringin' in the DOOM Clones |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/december03/doom/clones/index2.shtml |publisher=GameSpy |year=2003 |access-date=November 15, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127062845/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/december03/doom/clones/index2.shtml |archive-date=January 27, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomChex">{{cite web|last=House |first=Michael L. |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=14300&tab=overview |title=Chex Quest – Overview |publisher=allgame |access-date=July 27, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117060730/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=14300&tab=overview |archive-date=November 17, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="Deathmatchterm">{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2000_3 |title=Games of the Millennium |author=Gestalt |website=[[Eurogamer]] |date=December 29, 1999 |access-date=June 16, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122828/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2000_3 |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomNightmare">{{cite web |author=Hegyi, Adam |title=Player profile for Thomas "Panter" Pilger |year=1992 |url=http://www.doom.com.hr/index.php?page=compet-n_players&player_id=101 |access-date=November 15, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203221826/http://www.doom.com.hr/index.php?page=compet-n_players&player_id=101 |archive-date=December 3, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomCOMPET-N">{{cite web |url=http://www.doom.com.hr/compet-n/ |title=C O M P E T – N |publisher=Doom.com.hr |access-date=November 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519230448/http://www.doom.com.hr/compet-n/ |archive-date=May 19, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="NewLevels">{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/4/26/11512788/john-romero-new-doom-level-free-download |title=John Romero's new Doom level is a tease for his next project |website=Polygon |date=April 26, 2016 |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704014611/http://www.polygon.com/2016/4/26/11512788/john-romero-new-doom-level-free-download |archive-date=July 4, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="RomeroLevels">{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/1/15/10776094/john-romero-doom-level-free-download |title=You can download John Romero's first new Doom level in 21 years right now |website=Polygon |date=January 15, 2016 |access-date=October 14, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014193709/http://www.polygon.com/2016/1/15/10776094/john-romero-doom-level-free-download |archive-date=October 14, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="TouchArcade">{{cite web |url=https://toucharcade.com/2009/10/31/doom-classic-gameplay-video-and-early-impressions/ |title='Doom Classic' Gameplay Video and Early Impressions |last=Kim |first=Arnold |date=October 31, 2009 |website=[[TouchArcade]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813004310/https://toucharcade.com/2009/10/31/doom-classic-gameplay-video-and-early-impressions/ |archive-date=August 13, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
}}
==Sources==
* {{cite book |last=Consalvo |first=Mia |date=2016 |title=Atari to Zelda: Japan's Videogames in Global Contexts |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |isbn=978-0-262-03439-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Pinchbeck |first=Dan |title=Doom: Scarydarkfast |date=2013 |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn=978-0-472-05191-5}}
* {{cite book |title=Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture |last=Kushner |first=David |publisher=[[Random House]] |date=2004 |isbn=978-0-8129-7215-3|title-link=Masters of Doom }}
* {{cite book |last=Mendoza |first=Jonathan |title=The Official DOOM Survivor's Strategies and Secrets |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Sybex]] |date=1994 |isbn=978-0-7821-1546-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/officialdoomsurv00mend }}
* {{cite book |title=Video Game Bible, 1985-2002 |last=Slaven |first=Andy |date=2002 |publisher=[[Trafford Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-55369-731-2}}
==External links==
* {{moby game|id=/doom|name=''Doom''}}
* {{cite web |author=Richard H. "Hank" Leukart, III |title=The "Official" Doom FAQ |year=1994 |url=http://www.gamers.org/docs/FAQ/doomfaq/ |access-date=November 15, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731110523/http://www.gamers.org/docs/FAQ/doomfaq/ |archive-date=July 31, 2013}}
{{Portal bar|1990s|Solar System|Speculative fiction|United States|Video games}}
{{Doom series}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Doom (1993 video game)}}
[[Category:Doom (franchise)]]
[[Category:1993 video games]]
[[Category:3DO Interactive Multiplayer games]]
[[Category:Acorn Archimedes games]]
[[Category:Amiga games]]
[[Category:Amiga 1200 games]]
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New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|1993 video game}}
{{Redirect|DOOM|the reboot|Doom (2016 video game)|the series|Doom (franchise)|other uses|Doom (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox video game
| title = Doom
| image = Doom cover art.jpg
| caption = Cover art by [[Don Ivan Punchatz]]
| developer = [[id Software]]
| publisher = id Software
| designer = [[John Romero]]<br/>[[Tom Hall]]<br />[[Sandy Petersen]]
| director =
| programmer = [[John Carmack]]<br />[[John Romero]]<br />[[Dave Taylor (game programmer)|Dave Taylor]]
| artist = [[Adrian Carmack]]<br />[[Kevin Cloud]]
| composer = [[Robert Prince (video game composer)|Robert Prince]]
| series = ''[[Doom (franchise)|Doom]]''
| engine = [[Doom engine|id Tech 1]]
| platforms = {{Collapsible list
| title = [[MS-DOS]]
| titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| [[32X|Sega 32X]]
| [[Atari Jaguar]]
| [[Classic Mac OS|Mac OS]]
|[[Amiga OS]]
| [[PC-9800 series|PC-98]]
| [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|SNES]]
| [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]]
| [[3DO Interactive Multiplayer|3DO]]
| [[Windows 95]]<ref name="windows-95" />
| [[Sega Saturn]]
| [[Acorn Archimedes]]
| [[Game Boy Advance]]
| [[Xbox 360]]
| [[iOS]]
| [[PlayStation 3]]
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/earlier-this-morning-listings-for-the-original-doom-do-1836729154 |title=Looks Like The Original Doom Games Are Coming To Switch As Soon As Today [Update] |first=Ethan |last=Gach |date=26 July 2019 |website=[[Kotaku]]}}</ref>
| [[Nintendo Switch]]
| [[PlayStation 4]]
| [[Xbox One]]<ref name="Switch_Release"/>
}}
| released = {{Collapsible list
| title = December 10, 1993
| titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
| '''MS-DOS'''{{Video game release|NA|December 10, 1993|EU|December 1993}}
| '''Sega 32X'''{{Video game release|NA|November 21, 1994|EU|1994|AUS|1994}}
| '''Atari Jaguar'''{{Video game release|NA|November 28, 1994}}
| '''Mac OS'''{{Video game release|NA|November 4, 1994}}
| '''PC-98'''{{Video game release|JP|December 9, 1994}}
| '''SNES'''{{Video game release|NA|September 1, 1995|EU|October 26, 1995|JP|March 1, 1996}}
| '''PlayStation'''{{Video game release|NA|November 16, 1995|EU|December 1995}}
| '''3DO'''{{Video game release|NA|April 26, 1996}}
| '''Sega Saturn'''{{Video game release|NA|March 31, 1997|EU|1997}}
| '''Acorn Archimedes'''{{Video game release|EU|1998}}
| '''Game Boy Advance'''{{Video game release|NA|October 24, 2001<ref name="GBA_Release"/>|EU|November 16, 2001}}
| '''Xbox 360'''{{Video game release|WW|September 27, 2006}}
| '''iOS'''{{Video game release|EU|October 30, 2009|NA|October 31, 2009}}
| '''PlayStation 3'''{{Video game release|NA|November 20, 2012}}
| '''Android''', '''Nintendo Switch''', '''PlayStation 4''', '''Xbox One'''{{Video game release|WW|July 26, 2019<ref name="Switch_Release"/>}}
}}
| genre = [[First-person shooter]]
| modes = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]], [[Multiplayer video game|multiplayer]]
}}
'''''Doom''''' is a 1993 [[first-person shooter]] (FPS) game developed by [[id Software]] for [[MS-DOS]]. Players assume the role of a [[space marine]], popularly known as [[Doomguy]], fighting his way through hordes of invading [[demons]] from [[Hell]]. The first episode, comprising nine levels, was distributed freely as [[shareware]] and played by an estimated 15–20 million people within two years; the full game, with two further episodes, was sold via [[mail order]]. An updated version with an additional episode and more difficult levels, ''The Ultimate Doom'', was released in 1995 and sold at [[retail]].
''Doom'' is one of the most significant games in [[video game history]], frequently cited as one of the [[List of video games considered the best|greatest games ever made]]. Along with its predecessor ''[[Wolfenstein 3D]]'', it helped define the FPS genre and inspired numerous similar games, often called [[Doom clone|''Doom'' clones]]. It pioneered [[online distribution]] and technologies including [[3D computer graphics|3D graphics]], networked [[Multiplayer video game|multiplayer gaming]], and support for custom [[Mod (video games)|modifications]] via packaged [[Doom modding|WAD]] files. Its graphic violence and hellish imagery [[video game controversies|drew controversy]].
''Doom'' has been [[Official versions of Doom|ported to numerous platforms]]. The [[Doom (franchise)|''Doom'' franchise]] continued with ''[[Doom II|Doom II: Hell on Earth]]'' (1994) and [[expansion pack]]s including ''[[Master Levels for Doom II]]'' (1995). The [[source code]] was released in 1997 under a proprietary license, and then later in 1999 under the [[GNU General Public License|GNU General Public License v2.0 or later]]. ''[[Doom 3]]'', a horror game built with the [[id Tech 4]] engine, was released in 2004, followed by a 2005 [[Doom (film)|''Doom'' film]]. id returned to the fast-paced action of the classic games with the 2016 game ''[[Doom (2016 video game)|Doom]]'' and the 2020 sequel ''[[Doom Eternal]]''.
==Gameplay==
{{more citations needed|section|date=May 2019}}
[[File:Doom ingame 1.png|thumb|right|The player armed with a chainsaw confronts an undead sergeant on a bridge over a chemical waste storage in "Knee-Deep in the Dead"]]
''Doom'' is a [[first-person shooter]] presented with early [[3D computer graphics|3D graphics]]. The player controls an unnamed space marine—later termed "[[Doomguy]]"—through a series of [[Level (video games)|levels]] set in military bases on the moons of Mars and in Hell. To finish a level, the player must traverse through the area to reach a marked exit room. Levels are grouped together into named episodes, with the final level focusing on a [[Boss (video games)|boss fight]] with a particularly difficult enemy. While the environment is presented in a 3D perspective, the enemies and objects are instead 2D [[Sprite (computer graphics)|sprites]] presented from several preset viewing angles, a technique sometimes referred to as [[2.5D]] graphics with its technical name called ray casting. Levels are often labyrinthine, and a full screen [[automap]] is available which shows the areas explored to that point.
While traversing the levels, the player must fight a variety of enemies, including demons and [[Spirit possession|possessed]] undead humans, while managing supplies of ammunition, [[Health (games)|health]], and armor. Enemies often appear in large groups, and the game features five [[difficulty level]]s which increase the quantity and damage done by enemies, with enemies respawning upon death and moving faster than normal on the hardest difficulty setting. The monsters have very simple behavior, consisting of either moving toward their opponent, or attacking by throwing fireballs, biting, and clawing. They will [[Artificial intelligence in video games|reactively fight each other]] if one monster inadvertently harms another, though most monsters are immune to attacks from their own kind. The environment can include pits of [[toxic waste]], ceilings that lower and crush everything, and locked doors requiring a [[keycard]] or a remote switch. The player can find weapons and ammunition throughout the levels or can collect them from dead enemies, including a pistol, a [[chainsaw]], a [[plasma rifle]], and the [[BFG (weapon)|BFG 9000]]. [[Power-up]]s include health or armor points, a mapping computer, partial invisibility, a safety suit against toxic waste, invulnerability, or a super-strong melee [[Berserker#Modern context|berserker]] status.
The main campaign mode is [[single-player video game|single-player]] mode, in an episodic succession of missions. Two [[multiplayer video game|multiplayer]] modes are playable over a network: [[Cooperative video game|cooperative]], in which two to four players team up to complete the main campaign,<ref name="DoomVirtualWorlds"/> and [[deathmatch]], in which two to four players compete. Four-player [[online multiplayer]] mode via dialup was made available one year after launch through the [[DWANGO]] service.<ref name="mastersofdoom"/> [[Cheat code]]s give the player instant super powers including invulnerability, all weapons, and walking through walls.<ref name="DoomCheat"/><ref name="DoomAchieve"/><ref name="DoomExtreme"/><ref name="DoomWorld"/>
==Plot==
[[File:The anonymous space marine from DOOM know as "the Doom marine."png|thumb|right|The unnamed protagonist of the ''Doom'' series as he appears in ''The Ultimate Doom'']]
''Doom'' is divided into three episodes: "Knee-Deep in the Dead", "The Shores of Hell", and "Inferno". A fourth episode, "Thy Flesh Consumed", was added in an expanded version of the game, ''The Ultimate Doom'', released in 1995, two years later and one year after ''Doom II''. The campaign contains very few plot elements, with the minimal story instead given in the instruction manual and in short text segues between episodes.
In the future, the player character (an unnamed space marine, known as "the Doom marine" or simply "Doom guy") has been punitively posted to [[Mars]] after assaulting a superior officer, who ordered his unit to fire on civilians. The space marines act as security for the Union Aerospace Corporation's radioactive waste facilities, which are used by the military to perform secret experiments with [[teleportation]] by creating gateways between the two moons of Mars, [[Phobos (moon)|Phobos]] and [[Deimos (moon)|Deimos]]. Three years after Doom guy's posting to Mars, Deimos disappears entirely and "something fraggin' evil" starts pouring out of the teleporter gateways, killing or possessing all personnel on Phobos. The Martian marine unit is dispatched to investigate, with Doom guy left to guard the perimeter with only a pistol while the rest of the group proceeds inside the base and is almost instantly killed. Being unable to pilot the shuttle off of Phobos by himself, Doom guy realizes that the only way to escape is to go inside and fight his way through the complexes of the moon base.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classicdoom.com/doomtext.htm#doom |access-date=December 4, 2020 |title=DOOMTEXT.HTM: Storylines for Doom, Doom II, Final Doom, Doom 64 |author=Transcripts from printed manuals by Ledmeister}}</ref>
As the last man standing, Doom guy fights through the onslaught of demonic enemies to keep them from attacking Earth. In "Knee-Deep in the Dead", Doom guy fights through the high-tech military bases, power plants, computer centers and geological anomalies on Phobos. It ends with Doom guy defeating the two powerful Hell Knights guarding the teleporter to the Deimos base, and thereupon entering the teleporter leading to Deimos, only to be overwhelmed by monsters in a seemingly unwinnable battle on the other side. In "The Shores of Hell" Doom guy awakens with only the pistol once again and fights through installations on Deimos, similar to those on Phobos, but warped and distorted from the demon invasion and interwoven with beastly architecture. After defeating the titanic [[Cyberdemon]], the Doom marine crawls to the edge of Deimos, which has been flattened into a pancake shape, only to discover that the vanished moon is floating above [[Hell]]. "Inferno" begins after the marine repels off of Deimos to the surface of Hell. The Doom marine battles his way through Hell, ultimately finding and slaying the Spider Mastermind that had masterminded the invasion of Phobos and Deimos. A hidden doorway back to Earth opens for the hero, who has "proven too tough for Hell to contain". The Doom marine, however, is greeted by the grisly sight of a burning city and a rabbit's head impaled on a stake (named in ''The Ultimate Doom'' as the Doom marine's pet rabbit, Daisy), showing that the demons have invaded Earth. In "Thy Flesh Consumed", the Doom marine fights the demons on Earth through a variety of disconnected high-tech bases and demonic temples, though ultimately the forces of Hell are not defeated in their invasion of [[Earth]], setting the stage for ''[[Doom II|Doom II: Hell on Earth]]''.
==Development==
[[File:John Carmack E3 2006.jpg|thumb|[[John Carmack]] in 2006|alt=Black-and-white photo of the head and shoulders of a man wearing glasses]]
{{Main|Development of Doom}}
===Concept===
In May 1992, [[id Software]] released ''[[Wolfenstein 3D]]'', later called the "grandfather of 3D shooters",<ref name="CGWHallofFame"/><ref name="VGB"/> specifically first-person shooters, because it established the fast-paced action and technical prowess commonly expected in the genre and greatly increased the genre's popularity.<ref name="CGWHallofFame"/><ref name="AGGreview"/><ref name="IGN100"/><ref name="WIREDretro"/> Immediately following its release most of the id Software team began work on a set of episodes for the game, titled ''Spear of Destiny'', while id co-founder and lead programmer [[John Carmack]] instead focused on technology research for the company's next game. Following the release of ''Spear of Destiny'' in September 1992, the team began to plan their next game. They wanted to create another 3D game using a new engine Carmack was developing, but were largely tired of ''Wolfenstein''. They initially considered making another game in the ''[[Commander Keen]]'' series, as proposed by co-founder and lead designer [[Tom Hall]], but decided that the platforming gameplay of the series was a poor fit for Carmack's fast-paced 3D engines. Additionally, the other two co-founders of id, designer [[John Romero]] and lead artist [[Adrian Carmack]], wanted to create something in a darker style than the ''Keen'' games. John Carmack then came up with his own concept: a game about using technology to fight demons, inspired by the ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'' campaigns the team played, combining the styles of ''[[Evil Dead II]]'' and ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]]''.<ref name="MOD118121"/><ref name="GDC2011"/> The concept originally had a working title of "Green and Pissed", but Carmack soon renamed the proposed game "Doom" after a line in the film ''[[The Color of Money]]'': "'What you got in there?' / 'In here? Doom.'"<ref name="MOD118121"/><ref name="MonsterId"/>
The team agreed to pursue the ''Doom'' concept, and development began in November 1992.<ref name="GDC2011"/> The initial development team was composed of five people: programmers John Carmack and Romero, artists Adrian Carmack and [[Kevin Cloud]], and designer Hall.<ref name="IGNvideo"/> They moved offices to a dark office building, which they named "Suite 666", and drew inspiration from the noises coming from the dentist's office next door. They also decided to cut ties with [[3D Realms|Apogee Software]], their previous publisher, and to instead self-publish ''Doom''.<ref name="MOD122123"/>
===Development===
[[File:John Romero - Jason Scott interview (6951215353) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[John Romero]] in 2012|alt=Face of a smiling man with long black hair and glasses]]
Early in development, rifts in the team began to appear. At the end of November, Hall delivered a [[software design description|design document]], which he named the ''Doom Bible'', that described the plot, backstory, and design goals for the project.<ref name="GDC2011"/> His design was a science fiction horror concept wherein scientists on the Moon open a portal from which aliens emerge. Over a series of levels, the player discovers that the aliens are demons while hell steadily infects the level design over the course of the game.<ref name="MOD124131"/> John Carmack not only disliked the idea but dismissed the idea of having a story at all: "Story in a game is like story in a porn movie; it's expected to be there, but it's not that important." Rather than a deep story, he wanted to focus on the technological innovations of the game, dropping the levels and episodes of ''Wolfenstein'' in favor of a fast, continuous world. Hall disliked the idea, but the rest of the team sided with Carmack.<ref name="MOD124131"/> Hall spent the next few weeks reworking the ''Doom Bible'' to work with Carmack's technological ideas.<ref name="GDC2011"/> Hall was forced to rework it again in December, however, after the team decided that they were unable to create a single, seamless world with the hardware limitations of the time, which contradicted much of the document.<ref name="GDC2011"/>
At the start of 1993, id put out a press release, touting Hall's story about fighting off demons while "knee-deep in the dead". The press release proclaimed the new game features that John Carmack had created, as well as other features, including multiplayer gaming features, that had not yet even been designed.<ref name="MOD124131"/> Early versions of the game were built to match the ''Doom Bible''; a "pre-alpha" version of the first level includes Hall's introductory base scene.<ref name="MCV"/> Initial versions of the game also retain "[[Arcade genre|arcade]]" elements present in ''Wolfenstein 3D'', like [[Score (video games)|score]] points and score items, but those were removed early in development as they were out of tone.<ref name="IGNvideo"/> Other elements, such as a complex user interface, an inventory system, a secondary shield protection, and [[life (video games)|lives]] were modified and slowly removed over the course of development.<ref name="GDC2011"/><ref name="DoomHorizon"/>
[[File:Sandy Petersen in May 2004.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sandy Petersen]] in 2004|upright]]
Soon, however, the ''Doom Bible'' as a whole was rejected. Romero wanted a game even "more brutal and fast" than ''Wolfenstein'', which did not leave room for the character-driven plot Hall had created. Additionally, the team believed it emphasized realism over entertaining gameplay, and they did not see the need for a design document at all.<ref name="MOD124131"/> Some ideas were retained, but the story was dropped and most of the game design was removed.<ref name="DSSS249250"/> By early 1993, levels were being created for the game and a demo was produced. John Carmack and Romero, however, disliked Hall's military base-inspired level design. Romero especially believed that the boxy, flat level designs were uninspiring, too similar to ''Wolfenstein'', and did not show off the engine's capabilities. He began to create his own, more abstract levels for the game, which the rest of the team saw as a great improvement.<ref name="MOD124131"/><ref name="MattChat"/>
Hall was upset with the reception to his designs and how little impact he was having as the lead designer.<ref name="MOD124131"/><ref name="MCV"/> He was also upset with how much he was having to fight with John Carmack in order to get what he saw as obvious gameplay improvements, such as flying enemies, and began to spend less time at work.<ref name="GDC2011"/> In July the other founders of id fired Hall, who went to work for Apogee.<ref name="MOD124131"/> He was replaced in September, ten weeks before the game was released, by game designer [[Sandy Petersen]].<ref name="Petersen"/><ref name="MOD132147"/> The team also added a third programmer, [[Dave Taylor (game programmer)|Dave Taylor]].<ref name="RomeroGDC"/> Petersen and Romero designed the rest of ''Doom''{{'}}s levels with different aims: the team believed that Petersen's designs were more technically interesting and varied, while Romero's were more aesthetically interesting.<ref name="MOD132147"/> In late 1993, after the multiplayer component was coded, the development team began playing four-player multiplayer games matches, which Romero termed "[[deathmatch]]".<ref name="MOD148153"/> According to Romero, the game's deathmatch mode was inspired by [[fighting game]]s such as ''[[Street Fighter II: The World Warrior|Street Fighter II]]'', ''[[Fatal Fury]]'', and ''[[Art of Fighting]]''.<ref name="Deathmatch"/>
===Engine===
{{see also|Doom engine}}
[[File:NeXTstation.jpg|thumb|A [[NeXTstation]] computer]]
''Doom'' was programmed largely in the [[ANSI C]] programming language, with a few elements in [[assembly language]], targeting the [[IBM PC]] and [[MS-DOS]] platform by compiling with [[Watcom C/C++]] and using the included royalty-free [[80386]] DOS-extender.<ref>https://www.filfre.net/2020/06/the-shareware-scene-part-4-doom/</ref> id developed on [[NeXT]] computers running the [[NeXTSTEP]] operating system.<ref name="CGWLight"/> The data used by the game engine, including level designs and graphics files, are stored in [[Doom modding|WAD]] files, short for "Where's All the Data?". This allows for any part of the design to be changed without needing to adjust the engine code. Carmack designed this system so fans could easily modify the game; he had been impressed by the [[Mod (video games)|modifications]] made by fans of ''Wolfenstein 3D'', and wanted to support that with an easily swappable file structure along with releasing the map editor online.<ref name="MOD166"/>
Unlike ''Wolfenstein'', which had flat levels with walls at right angles, the ''Doom'' engine allows for walls and floors at any angle or height, though two traversable areas cannot be on top of each other. The lighting system was based on adjusting the color palette of surfaces directly: rather than calculating how light traveled from light sources to surfaces using [[ray tracing (graphics)|ray tracing]], the game calculates the light level of a small area based on its distance from light sources. It then modifies the color palette of that section's surface textures to mimic how dark it would look.<ref name="CGWLight"/> This same system is used to cause far away surfaces to look darker than close ones.<ref name="MOD124131"/> Romero came up with new ways to use Carmack's lighting engine such as strobe lights.<ref name="MOD124131"/> He programmed engine features such as switches and movable stairs and platforms.<ref name="GDC2011"/><ref name="IGNvideo"/> After Romero's complex level designs started to cause problems with the engine, Carmack began to use [[binary space partitioning]] to quickly select the reduced portion of a level that the player could see at a given time.<ref name="GDC2011"/><ref name="MOD132147"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hutchison|first=Andrew|date=2008|title=Making the water move: techno-historic limits in the game aesthetics of Myst and Doom.|url=https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/10418|journal=Game Studies |language=en|volume=8|issue=1}}</ref> Taylor programmed other features into the game, added [[cheat codes]]; some, such as {{code|idspispopd}}, were based on ideas their fans had submitted online while eagerly awaiting the game.<ref name="IGNvideo"/>
[[File:Spider Mastermind model.jpg|thumb|right|Model of the Spider Mastermind]]
Adrian Carmack was the lead artist for ''Doom'', with Kevin Cloud as an additional artist. They designed the monsters to be "nightmarish", with graphics that are realistic and dark instead of staged or rendered, so a [[mixed media]] approach was taken.<ref name="DSSS247"/> The artists sculpted models of some of the enemies, and took pictures of them in [[stop motion]] from five to eight different angles so that they could be rotated realistically in-game. The images were then digitized and converted to 2D characters with a program written by John Carmack.<ref name="MOD124131"/> Adrian Carmack made clay models for a few demons, and had [[Gregor Punchatz]] build latex and metal sculptures of the others.<ref name="GDC2011"/><ref name="IGNvideo"/> The weapons were made from combined parts of children's toys.<ref name="GDC2011"/> The developers scanned themselves as well, using Cloud's arm for the marine's arm holding a gun, and Adrian's snakeskin boots and wounded knee for textures.<ref name="MOD124131"/>
=== Music and sound ===
As with ''Wolfenstein 3D'', id hired composer [[Bobby Prince]] to create the music and sound effects. Romero directed Prince to make the music in [[techno]] and [[Heavy metal music|metal]] styles. Many tracks were directly inspired by songs by metal bands such as [[Alice in Chains]] and [[Pantera]].<ref name="MOD132147"/><ref name="Metal"/> Prince believed that [[ambient music]] would be more appropriate, and produced numerous tracks in both styles in hope of convincing the team, and Romero incorporated both.<ref name="SDF5255"/> Prince did not make music for specific levels, as they were composed before the levels were completed; instead, Romero assigned each track to each level late in development. Prince created the sound effects based on short descriptions or concept art of a monster or weapon, and adjusted them to match the completed animations.<ref name="PrinceDoom"/> The monster sounds were created from animal noises, and Prince designed all the sounds to be distinct on the limited sound hardware of the time, even when many sounds were playing at once.<ref name="MOD132147"/><ref name="SDF5255"/> He also designed the sound effects to play on different frequencies from those used for the MIDI music, so they would clearly cut through the music.<ref name="ComposersPlay4">{{YouTube|id=_PRGzvSbZcI|title=Composers Play - "Doom" Coop with Bobby Prince! - Part 4}}</ref>
==Release==
With plans to self-publish, the team had to set up the systems to sell ''Doom'' as it neared completion. Jay Wilbur, who had been hired as CEO and sole member of the business team, planned the marketing and distribution of ''Doom''. He believed that the mainstream press was uninterested in the game, and as id would make the most money off of copies they sold directly to customers—up to 85 percent of the planned {{US$|40}} price—he decided to leverage the shareware market as much as possible, buying only a single ad in any gaming magazine. Instead, he reached out directly to software retailers, offering them copies of the first ''Doom'' episode for free, allowing them to charge any price for it, in order to spur customer interest in buying the full game directly from id.<ref name="MOD132147"/>
''Doom''{{'}}s original release date was the third quarter of 1993, which the team did not meet. By December 1993, the team was working non-stop on the game, with several employees sleeping at the office. Programmer Dave Taylor claimed that working on the game gave him such a rush that he would pass out from the intensity. Id began receiving calls from people interested in the game or angry that it had missed its planned release date, as hype for the game had been building online. At midnight on December 10, 1993, after working for 30 straight hours, the development team at id uploaded the first episode of the game to the Internet, letting interested players distribute it for them. So many users were connected to the first [[File Transfer Protocol|FTP]] server that they planned to upload the game to, at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], that even after the network administrator increased the number of connections while on the phone with Wilbur, id was unable to connect, forcing them to kick all other users off to allow id to upload the game. When the upload finished thirty minutes later, 10,000 people attempted to download the game at once, crashing the university's network.<ref name="MOD148153"/>
Within hours of ''Doom''{{'}}s release, university networks were banning ''Doom'' multiplayer games, as a rush of players overwhelmed their systems.<ref name="MOD148153" /> After being alerted by network administrators the morning after release that the game's deathmatch network connection setup was crippling some [[computer network]]s, John Carmack quickly released a patch to change it, though many administrators had to implement ''Doom''-specific rules to keep their networks from crashing due to the overwhelming traffic.<ref name="QuickPatch" />
In late 1995, ''Doom'' was estimated to be installed on more computers worldwide than Microsoft's new operating system, [[Windows 95]], even with Microsoft's million-dollar advertising campaigns.<ref name="windows-95" /> In 1995, an expanded version of the game, ''The Ultimate Doom'', was released, containing a fourth episode.<ref name="UltDoom" />
===Ports===
{{main|List of Doom ports}}
Microsoft hired id Software to port Doom to Windows with the [[WinG]] API,<ref name="cgw199407" />{{When|date=March 2021}} and Microsoft CEO [[Bill Gates]] briefly considered buying the company.<ref name="mastersofdoom" /> Microsoft developed a Windows 95 port of ''Doom'' to promote Windows as a gaming platform. The development was led by [[Gabe Newell]], who later founded the game company [[Valve Corporation|Valve]].<ref name="windows-95" /> One Windows 95 promotional video had Gates digitally superimposed into the game.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lombardo, Mike|title=Bonus movie: Bill Gates "DOOM" video|url=http://www.reelsplatter.com/doommedia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002034515/http://www.reelsplatter.com/doommedia.html|archive-date=October 2, 2009|access-date=November 15, 2005|publisher=Reel Splatter}}</ref>
An unofficial port of ''Doom'' to Linux was released by id programmer [[Dave Taylor (game programmer)|Dave Taylor]] in 1994; it was hosted by id but not supported or made official.<ref name="Doomlinux" /> Official ports were released for [[32X|Sega 32X]], [[Atari Jaguar]], and [[Mac OS]] in 1994, [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|SNES]] and [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] in 1995, [[3DO Interactive Multiplayer|3DO]] in 1996, [[Sega Saturn]] in 1997, [[Acorn Computers|Acorn]] [[Risc PC]] in 1998, [[Game Boy Advance]] in 2001, [[Xbox 360]] in 2006, [[iOS]] in 2009, and [[Nintendo Switch]] in 2019. Notable exceptions in the list of official ports, as well as Linux, are [[AmigaOS]] and [[Symbian]].<ref name="IGNDoomVersions" /><ref name="DoomJaguar" /><ref name="DOOM3BFG" /> Some of these were bestsellers even many years after the initial release.<ref name="PSMags" /> ''Doom'' has also been ported unofficially to numerous platforms; so many ports exist, including for esoteric devices such as smart thermostats and oscilloscopes, that variations on "It runs ''Doom''" or "Can it run ''Doom''?" are long-running [[meme]]s.<ref name="ItRunsDoom1" /><ref name="ItRunsDoom2" /><ref name="ItRunsDoom3" />
===Mods===
The ability for [[user-generated content]] to provide custom levels and other game modifications using WAD files became a popular aspect of ''Doom''. Gaining the first large [[mod (video games)|mod]]-making community, ''Doom'' affected the culture surrounding first-person shooters, and also the industry. Several future professional [[game designer]]s started their careers making ''Doom'' WADs as a hobby, such as [[Tim Willits]], who later became the lead designer at id Software.
The first [[level editor]]s appeared in early 1994, and additional tools have been created that allow most aspects of the game to be edited. Although the majority of WADs contain one or several custom levels mostly in the style of the original game, others implement new monsters and other resources, and heavily alter the gameplay. Several popular movies, television series, other video games and other brands from popular culture have been turned into ''Doom'' WADs by fans, including ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]]'', ''[[Star Wars]]'', ''[[The Simpsons]]'', ''[[South Park]]'', ''[[Sailor Moon]]'', ''[[Dragon Ball|Dragon Ball Z]]'', ''[[Pokémon]]'', ''[[Beavis and Butt-head]]'', ''[[Batman]]'', and ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog]]''.<ref name="SonicDoom"/> Some works, like the ''Theme Doom Patch'', combined enemies from several films, such as ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]]'', ''[[Predator (film)|Predator]]'', and ''[[The Terminator]]''. Some add-on files were also made that changed the sounds made by the various characters and weapons.
From 1994 to 1995, WADs were primarily distributed online over [[bulletin board system]]s or sold in collections on compact discs in computer shops, sometimes bundled with editing guide books. [[File Transfer Protocol|FTP]] servers became the primary method in later years. A few WADs have been released commercially, including the ''[[Master Levels for Doom II]]'', which was released in 1995 along with ''Maximum Doom'', a CD containing 1,830 WADs that had been downloaded from the Internet. The ''idgames'' FTP archive contains more than 18,000 files,<ref name="DoomWADFTP"/> and this represents only a fraction of the complete output of ''Doom'' fans. Third-party programs were also written to handle the loading of various WADs, since all commands must be entered on the [[DOS]] [[command line]] to run. A typical launcher would allow the player to select which files to load from a menu, making it much easier to start. In 1995, [[WizardWorks]] released the ''D!Zone'' pack featuring hundreds of levels for ''Doom'' and ''Doom II''.<ref name="Dragon217"/> ''D!Zone'' was reviewed in ''[[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]]'' by Jay & Dee; Jay gave the pack 1 out of 5 stars, and Dee gave the pack 1½ stars.<ref name="Dragon217"/>
In 2016, Romero published two new ''Doom'' levels: E1M4b ("Phobos Mission Control") and E1M8b ("Tech Gone Bad").<ref name="NewLevels"/><ref name="RomeroLevels"/> In 2018, for the 25th anniversary of ''Doom'', Romero announced [[Sigil (mod)|''Sigil'']], an unofficial Episode Five consisting of 9 missions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.romerogames.ie/si6il|title=Download SIGIL |date=2019-05-31 |website=Romero Games |access-date=2020-07-24}}</ref> It was released on May 22, 2019, with a soundtrack by [[Buckethead]]. It was then released for free on May 31, with a [[MIDI]] soundtrack by James Paddock.<ref name="Sigil Euro">{{Cite web|last=Wales|first=Matt|title=John Romero's free, unofficial fifth Doom episode Sigil is finally here|url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2019-05-31-john-romeros-unofficial-fifth-doom-episode-sigil-is-finally-out|website=Eurogamer}}</ref>
==Reception==
{{Video game reviews
| PC = true
| SNES = true
| JAG = true
| PS = true
| GBA = true
| X360 = true
| iOS = true
| GR_SNES = 54%<ref name="GR-SNES"/>
| GR_PS = 84%<ref name="GR-PS"/>
| GR_GBA = 80%<ref name="GR-GBA"/>
| GR_X360 = 80%<ref name="GR-X360"/>
| GR_iOS = 83%<ref name="GR-iOS"/>
| MC_GBA = 81/100<ref name="MC-GBA"/>
| MC_X360 = 82/100<ref name="MC-X360"/>
| MC_iOS = 84/100<ref name="MC-iOS"/>
| Allgame_PC = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref name="Allgame"/>
| CVG_PC = 93%<ref name="CVG148"/>
| Dragon_PC = {{rating|5|5}}<ref name="Dragon203"/>
| Edge_PC = 7/10<ref name="Edge"/>
| GSpot_PC = 9/10<ref name=Spot>{{cite web |last=Scisco|first=Peter |date=May 1, 1996 |url=http://www.gamespot.com:80/pc/action/ultimatedoom/review.html |title=The Ultimate Doom Review (GameSpot)|publisher=[[GameSpot]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907042421/http://www.gamespot.com:80/pc/action/ultimatedoom/review.html |access-date=April 9, 2020|archive-date=September 7, 2011 }}</ref>
| GMaster_PC = 90%<ref name="GR-PC"/>
| NGen_JAG = {{rating|3|5}}<ref name="NG">{{cite magazine|title=Finals|magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]|issue=1|publisher=[[Future US|Imagine Media]]|date=January 1995|page=92}}</ref>
| TOT_SNES = 93%<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Danny|date=October 1995|title=Doom|url=https://archive.org/details/Total046-DoomSNES|journal=[[Total!]]|issue=46|pages=24–27|access-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref>
| TA_iOS = {{rating|4|5}}<ref name="TouchArcade"/>
| award1Pub = ''[[Computer Gaming World]]''
| award1 = [[1994 in video games|1994 Game of the Year]]{{r|cgw199406}}<br />#5, 150 Best Games of All Time{{r|cgw199611best}}<br />#3, 15 Most Innovative Computer Games{{r|cgw199611mostinnovative}}
| award2Pub = [[GameSpy]]
| award2 = #1, Top 50 Games of All Time{{r|gamespy20010701}}
| award3Pub = [[IGN]]
| award3 = #44, Top 100 Games of All Time (2003){{r|IGNtop100}}<br />#39, Top 100 Games (2005){{r|IGNtop1002005}}<br />#2, Top 100 Shooters{{r|IGNtopshooters}}
| award4Pub = ''[[Retro Gamer]]''
| award4 = #9, Top Retro Games
| award5Pub = [[Library of Congress]]
| award5 = [[Game canon]]{{r|Joystiq}}
| award6Pub = [[GameTrailers]]
| award6 = #1, Top Ten Breakthrough PC Games{{r|gttopten}}
| award7Pub = ''[[Game Informer]]''
| award7 = #7, Top 200 Games of All Time{{r|gi_best}}
| award8Pub = ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]''
| award8 = All-TIME 100 Video Games{{r|AccoTimeAllTime}}
| award9Pub = [[GameSpot]]
| award9 = The Greatest Games of All Time{{r|shoemaker20060131}}
| award10Pub = ''[[PC Gamer UK]]''
| award10 = #3, Top 50 Games of All Time{{r|pcgameruktop50}}
}}
===Commercial performance===
With the release of ''Doom'', millions of users installed the Shareware version on their computer and id Software quickly began making $100,000 daily (for $9 per copy).<ref name="ibt"/><ref name="NBCDoom"/> [[Sandy Petersen]] later remarked that the game "sold a couple of hundred thousand copies during its first year or so", as piracy kept its initial sales from rising higher.<ref name="gamesthatchanged"/> Experts estimate that id sold approximately 2-3 million physical copies from its release through 1999.<ref name="Armitage"/><ref name="ibt"/> According to [[PC Data]], which tracked sales in the United States, ''Doom''{{'}}s shareware edition had yielded 1.36 million units sold and $8.74 million in revenue in the United States. This led [[PC Data]] to declare it the country's fourth-best-selling computer game for the period between January 1993 and April 1998.<ref name="1993-1998">{{cite magazine |title=Player Stats: Top 10 Best-Selling Games, 1993 – Present |date=September 1998 |issue=170 |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |page=52 |issn=0744-6667}}</ref> The ''Ultimate Doom'' [[Stock keeping unit|SKU]] reached sales of 787,397 units by September 1999. At the time, PC Data ranked them as the country's eighth- and 20th-best-selling computer games since January 1993.<ref name="alltimesales">{{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000302112243/http://pc.ign.com/news/11728.html | url=http://pc.ign.com:80/news/11728.html | title=PC Data Top Games of All Time | date=November 1, 1999 | author=IGN Staff | work=[[IGN]] | archive-date=March 2, 2000 | url-status=dead | access-date=May 31, 2018 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In addition to its sales, the game's status as shareware dramatically increased its market penetration. ''[[PC Zone]]''{{'}}s David McCandless wrote that the game was played by "an estimated six million people across the globe",<ref name="gamesthatchanged"/> and other sources estimate that 10–20 million people played ''Doom'' within 24 months of its launch.<ref name="wargames"/>
''Doom'' became a problem at workplaces, both occupying the time of employees and clogging computer networks. [[Intel]],<ref name="cgw199403"/> [[Lotus Development]], and [[Carnegie Mellon University]] were among many organizations reported to form policies specifically disallowing ''Doom''-playing during work hours. At the [[Microsoft]] campus, ''Doom'' was by one account equal to a "religious phenomenon".<ref name="mastersofdoom"/> Doom was #1 on ''Computer Gaming World''{{'}}s "Playing Lately?" survey for February 1994. One reader said that "No other game even compares to the addictiveness of NetDoom with four devious players! ... The only game I've stayed up 72+ straight hours to play", and another reported that "Linking four people together for a game of Doom is the quickest way to destroy a productive, boring evening of work".<ref name="cgw199404wh"/>
===Contemporary reviews===
[[File:Billdoom.png|thumb|To promote [[Windows 95]], [[Bill Gates]], aware of the video game's popularity, showcased a video presentation while digitally superimposed into ''Doom'']]
Although Petersen said ''Doom'' was "nothing more than the computer equivalent of [[Whack-A-Mole]]",<ref name="schuytema199408" /> ''Doom'' received critical acclaim and was widely praised in the gaming press, broadly considered to be one of the most important and influential titles in gaming history. Upon release, ''[[GamesMaster]]'' gave it a 90% rating.<ref name="GR-PC" /> ''[[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]]'' gave it five stars, praising the improvements over ''[[Wolfenstein 3D]]'', the "fast-moving [[Arcade game|arcade]] [[shoot 'em up]]" gameplay, and network play.<ref name="Dragon203" /> ''[[Computer and Video Games]]'' gave the game a 93% rating, praising its atmosphere and stating that "the level of texture-mapped detail and the sense of scale is awe inspiring", but criticized the occasionally repetitive gameplay and considered the violence excessive.<ref name="CVG148" /> A common criticism of ''Doom'' was that it was not a true 3D game, since the game engine did not allow corridors and rooms to be stacked on top of one another ([[room-over-room]]), and instead relied on graphical trickery to make it appear that the player character and enemies were moving along differing elevations.<ref name="NotTrue3D" />
''[[Computer Gaming World]]'' stated in February 1994 that ''Wolfenstein 3D'' fans should "look forward to a delight of insomnia", and "Since networking is supported, bring along a friend to share in the visceral delights".<ref name="cgw199402"/> A longer review in March 1994 said that ''Doom'' "was worth the wait ... a wonderfully involved and engaging game", and its technology "a new benchmark" for the gaming industry. The reviewer praised the "simply ''dazzling''" graphics", and reported that "DeathMatches may be the most intense gaming experience available today". While criticizing the "ho-hum endgame" with a too-easy [[end boss]], he concluded that ''Doom'' "is a virtuoso performance".<ref name="walker199403"/>
''[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]]'' praised the graphics and levels but criticized the "simple 3D perspective [[Maze game|maze]] [[Action-adventure game|adventure/shoot 'em up]]" gameplay. The review concluded: "You’lI be longing for something new in this game. If only you could talk to these creatures, then perhaps you could try and make friends with them, form alliances... Now, that would be interesting."<ref name="Edge"/> The sentiment attracted widespread mockery, and "if only you could talk to these creatures" became a running joke in [[video game culture]]. A 2016 piece in the ''[[International Business Times]]'' defended the sentiment, saying it anticipated the dialogue systems of games such as ''[[Skyrim]]'', ''[[Mass Effect]]'', and ''[[Undertale]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/doom-infamous-talk-monsters-review-was-right-side-history-1559763|title=Doom: Infamous \'talk to the monsters\' review was on the right side of history|date=2016-05-13|website=International Business Times UK|language=en|access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref>
In 1994, ''[[PC Gamer UK]]'' named ''Doom'' the third best computer game of all time. The editors wrote: "Although it's only been around for a couple of months, ''Doom'' has already done more to establish the PC's arcade clout than any other title in gaming history."<ref name="pcgameruktop50"/> In 1994 ''[[Computer Gaming World]]'' named ''Doom'' Game of the Year.<ref name="cgw199406"/> The game has been [[Official versions of Doom#Consoles|ported to numerous console gaming platforms]] both domestically and abroad where it maintained its popularity, receiving generally favorable critical reception.<ref name="GR-JG"/><ref name="GR-PS"/><ref name="GR-GBA"/>
===Retrospective reception===
In 1995, ''[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]'' said it was "The most talked about PC game ever – and with good reason. Running on a [[Intel 80486|486]] machine (essential for maximum effect), ''Doom'' took PC graphics to a totally new level of speed, detail, and realism, and provided a genuinely scary degree of immersion in the gameworld."<ref name="DoomRealism"/> In 1996, ''Computer Gaming World'' named it the fifth best video game of all time,<ref name="cgw199611best"/> and the third most-innovative game.<ref name="cgw199611mostinnovative"/> In 1998, ''[[PC Gamer]]'' declared it the 34th-best computer game ever released, and the editors called it "Probably the most imitated game of all time, ''Doom'' continued what ''Wolfenstein 3D'' began and elevated the fledgling 3D-shooter genre to blockbuster status".<ref name=pcgtop50>{{cite journal | author=The ''PC Gamer'' Editors | title=The 50 Best Games Ever | date=October 1998 | volume=5 | number=10 | journal=[[PC Gamer US]] | pages=86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 98, 101, 102, 109, 110, 113, 114, 117, 118, 125, 126, 129, 130 }}</ref>
In 2001, ''Doom'' was voted the number one game of all time in a poll among over 100 game developers and journalists conducted by [[GameSpy]].<ref name=gamespy20010701/> In 2003, [[IGN]] ranked it as the 44th top video game of all time and also called it "''the'' breakthrough game of 1993", adding: "Its arsenal of powerful guns (namely the shotgun and [[BFG (weapon)|BFG]]), intense level of gore and perfect balance of adrenaline-soaked action and exploration kept this gamer riveted for years."<ref name=IGNtop100/> ''[[PC Gamer]]'' proclaimed ''Doom'' the most influential game of all time in its ten-year anniversary issue in April 2004.
In 2004, readers of ''[[Retro Gamer]]'' voted ''Doom'' as the ninth top retro game, with the editors commenting: "Only a handful of games can claim that they've changed the gaming world, and ''Doom'' is perhaps the most qualified of them all."<ref name=retrogamer2004/> In 2005, IGN ranked it as the 39th top game.<ref name=IGNtop1002005/> On March 12, 2007, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that ''Doom'' was named to a list of the ten most important video games of all time, the so-called [[game canon]].<ref name=chaplin20070312/> The [[Library of Congress]] took up this video game preservation proposal and began with the games from this list.<ref name="Joystiq"/><ref name="DG-Interview"/>
In 2009, [[GameTrailers]] ranked ''Doom'' as the number one "breakthrough PC game".<ref name=gttopten/> That year ''[[Game Informer]]'' put ''Doom'' sixth on the magazine's list of the top 200 games of all time, stating that it gave "the genre the kick start it needed to rule the gaming landscape two decades later".<ref name="gi_best"/> ''Game Informer'' staff also put it sixth on their 2001 list of the 100 best games ever.<ref name="GameInformer"/> IGN included ''Doom'' at 2nd place in the ''Top 100 Video Game Shooters of all Time'', just behind ''[[Half-Life (video game)|Half-Life]]'', citing the game's "feel of running and gunning", memorable weapons and enemies, pure and simple fun, and its spreading on nearly every gaming platform in existence.<ref name=IGNtopshooters/>
In 2012, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named it one of the 100 greatest video games of all time as "it established the look and feel of later shooters as surely as [[Xerox]] [[PARC (company)|PARC]] established the rules of the [[virtual desktop]]", adding that "its impact also owes a lot to the gonzo horror sensibility of its designers, including John Romero, who showed a bracing lack of restraint in their deployment of gore and [[Satan]]ic iconography".<ref name="AccoTimeAllTime"/> Including ''Doom'' on the list of the greatest games of all time, [[GameSpot]] wrote that "despite its numerous appearances in other formats and on other media, longtime fans will forever remember the original 1993 release of ''Doom'' as the beginning of a true revolution in action gaming".<ref name=shoemaker20060131/>
In 2021, ''[[Kotaku]]'' listed ''Doom'' as the third best game in the series, behind [[Doom II|''Doom 2'']] and [[Doom (2016 video game)|''Doom (2016)'']]. They said that the gameplay "still holds up", but argued it was inferior to ''Doom 2'' due to the latter's improved enemy variety.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Let's Rank All The Doom Games, From Worst To Best|url=https://thebests.kotaku.com/lets-rank-all-the-doom-games-from-worst-to-best-1846753672|access-date=2021-05-12|website=Kotaku|language=en-us}}</ref>
===Controversies===
{{See also|List of banned video games}}
[[File:Doom gibs.png|thumb|''Doom''{{'s}} intense level of graphic violence made the game highly controversial, as seen in the gory effects of a rocket hitting a group of enemies.]]
''Doom'' was notorious for its high levels of [[graphic violence]]<ref name="DoomViolence"/> and [[Satanism|satanic]] imagery, which generated controversy from a broad range of groups. ''Doom'' for the Genesis 32X was one of the first video games to be given an M for Mature rating from the [[Entertainment Software Rating Board]] due to its violent gore and nature.<ref name="DoomMature"/> [[Yahoo! Games]] listed it as one of the top ten most controversial games of all time.<ref name="DoomYahoo"/> It was criticized by religious organizations for its diabolic undertones and was dubbed a "mass murder simulator" by critic and [[Killology]] Research Group founder [[Dave Grossman (author)|David Grossman]].<ref name="DoomKillology"/> ''Doom'' prompted fears that the then-emerging [[virtual reality]] technology could be used to simulate extremely realistic killing.
The game again sparked controversy in the United States when it was found that [[Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold]], who committed the [[Columbine High School massacre]] on April 20, 1999, were avid players of the game. While planning for the massacre, Harris said in his journal that the killing would be "like playing ''Doom''", and "it'll be like the [[1992 Los Angeles riots|LA riots]], the [[Oklahoma City bombing|Oklahoma bombing]], [[World War II]], [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]], ''[[Duke Nukem 3D|Duke Nukem]]'' and ''Doom'' all mixed together", and that his shotgun was "straight out of the game".<ref name="DoomHighSchool"/> A rumor spread afterwards that Harris had designed a ''Doom'' level that looked like the high school, populated with representations of Harris's classmates and teachers, and that he practiced for the shootings by playing the level repeatedly. Although Harris did design custom ''Doom'' levels (which later became known as the "[[Doom modding#Miscellaneous|Harris levels]]"), none have been found to be based on [[Columbine High School]].<ref name="SnopesHarrisLevels"/>
In the earliest release versions, the level E1M4: Command Control contains a [[swastika]]-shaped structure, which was put in as a homage to ''Wolfenstein 3D''. The swastika was removed in later versions; according to Romero, the change was done out of respect after id Software received a complaint from a military veteran.<ref name="IGNvideo"/>
==Legacy==
===''Doom'' franchise===
{{main|Doom (franchise)}}
''Doom'' has appeared in several forms in addition to video games, including a ''Doom'' comic book, four novels by [[Dafydd Ab Hugh]] and [[Brad Linaweaver]] (loosely based on events and locations in the games), a [[Doom: The Boardgame|''Doom'' board game]] and [[Doom (film)|a live-action film]] starring [[Karl Urban]] and [[Dwayne Johnson|The Rock]] released in 2005. The game's development and impact on popular culture is the subject of the book ''[[Masters of Doom|Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture]]'' by [[David Kushner]].
The ''Doom'' series remained dormant between 1997 and 2000, when ''[[Doom 3]]'' was finally announced. A retelling of the original ''Doom'' using entirely new graphics technology and a slower paced survival horror approach, ''Doom 3'' was hyped to provide as large a leap in realism and interactivity as the original game and helped renew interest in the franchise when it was released in 2004, under the [[id Tech 4]] game engine.
The series again remained dormant for 10 years until a reboot, simply titled [[Doom (2016 video game)|''Doom'']] and running on the new [[id Tech 6]], was announced with a beta access to players that had pre-ordered ''[[Wolfenstein: The New Order]]''. The game held its closed alpha multiplayer testing in October 2015, as closed and open beta access ran during March to April 2016. Returning to the series' roots in fast-paced action and minimal storytelling, the full game eventually released worldwide on May 13, 2016. The project initially started as ''Doom 4'' in May 2008, set to be a remake of ''[[Doom II|Doom II: Hell on Earth]]'' and ditching the survival horror aspect of ''Doom 3''. Development completely restarted as id's Tim Willits remarked that ''Doom 4'' was "lacking the personality of the long-running shooter franchise".<ref name="mtv"/>
===Clones===
{{Main|First-person shooter}}
[[File:Doom clone vs first person shooter.png|thumb|By 1998, the phrase "first-person shooter" had firmly superseded "''Doom'' clone".]]
''Doom'' was influential and dozens of new first-person shooter games appeared following ''Doom''{{'}}s release, often referred to as "[[Doom clone|''Doom'' clones]]".<ref name=":0" /> The term was initially popular, and after 1996, gradually replaced by "[[first-person shooter]]", which had firmly superseded around 1998. Some of these were cheap [[Clone (computing)|clones]], hastily assembled and quickly forgotten, and others explored new grounds of the genre with high acclaim. Many of ''Doom''{{'}}s closely imitated features include the selection of weapons and cheat codes. Some successors include [[3D Realms|Apogee]]'s ''[[Rise of the Triad]]'' (based on the ''Wolfenstein 3D'' engine) and [[Looking Glass Studios]]'s ''[[System Shock]]''.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} The popularity of ''[[Star Wars]]''-themed WADs is rumored to have been the factor that prompted [[LucasArts]] to create their first-person shooter ''[[Dark Forces]]''.<ref name="DoomClones"/>
The ''Doom'' game engine [[Doom engine|id Tech 1]] was licensed by id Software to several other companies, who released their own games using the technology, including ''[[Heretic (video game)|Heretic]]'', ''[[Hexen: Beyond Heretic]]'', ''[[Strife (1996 video game)|Strife: Quest for the Sigil]]'', and ''[[Doom modding#Total conversions|Hacx: Twitch 'n Kill]]''. A ''Doom''-based game called ''[[Chex Quest]]'' was released in 1996 by [[Ralston Foods]] as a promotion to increase cereal sales,<ref name="DoomChex"/> and the [[United States Marine Corps]] produced ''[[Marine Doom]]'' as a training tool, later released to the public.
When [[3D Realms]] released ''[[Duke Nukem 3D]]'' in 1996, a tongue-in-cheek science fiction shooter based on [[Ken Silverman]]'s technologically similar [[Build (game engine)|''Build'' engine]], id Software had nearly finished developing ''[[Quake (video game)|Quake]]'', its next-generation game, which mirrored ''Doom''{{'}}s success for much of the remainder of the 1990s and reduced interest in its predecessor (Wolfenstein 3D).
===Community===
In addition to the thrilling nature of the single-player game, the [[deathmatch]] mode was an important factor in the game's popularity. ''Doom'' was not the first first-person shooter with a deathmatch mode; ''[[Maze War]]'', an FPS released in 1974, was running multiplayer deathmatch over [[ethernet]] on Xerox computers by 1977. The widespread distribution of PC systems and the violence in ''Doom'' made deathmatching particularly attractive. Two-player multiplayer was possible over a phone line by using a [[modem]], or by linking two PCs with a null-modem cable. Because of its widespread distribution, ''Doom'' hence became the game that introduced deathmatching to a large audience and was also the first game to use the term "deathmatch".<ref name="Deathmatchterm"/>
Although the popularity of the ''Doom'' games dropped with the release of more modern first-person shooters, the game still retains a strong fan base that continues to this day by playing competitively and creating WADs, and ''Doom''-related news is still tracked at multiple websites such as Doomworld. Interest in ''Doom'' was renewed in 1997, when the [[source code]] for the [[Doom engine|''Doom'' engine]] was released (it was also placed under the [[GNU General Public License|GNU GPL-2.0-or-later]] on October 3, 1999). Fans then began [[porting]] the game to various operating systems, even to previously unsupported platforms such as the [[Dreamcast]]. As for the PC, over 50 different [[List of Doom source ports|''Doom'' source ports]] have been developed. New features such as [[OpenGL]] rendering and [[Scripting language|scripting]] allow WADs to alter the gameplay more radically.
Devoted players have spent years creating [[speedrun]]s for ''Doom'', competing for the quickest completion times of individual levels and the whole game and sharing knowledge about routes through the levels and how to exploit [[software bug|bugs]] in the ''Doom'' engine for shortcuts. ''Doom'' was one of the first games to have a speedrunning community, which has remained active up until the present day. A record speedrun on E1M1, the first level in the game, was achieved in September 1998, and took 20 years and “tens of thousands of futile attempts” in order to be surpassed.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Martin|first1=Alan|title=21 years after being set, the world record for speedrunning Doom's first level has been bested|url=https://www.trustedreviews.com/news/doom-speedrun-world-record-3694694|website=Trusted Reviews}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Walker|first1=Alex|title=Insanely Difficult DOOM Record Beaten After 20 Years|url=https://www.kotaku.com.au/2019/04/doom-speedrun-world-record-broken-after-20-years/|website=Kotaku Australia}}</ref> Achievements include the completion of both ''Doom'' and ''Doom II'' on the "Ultra-Violence" difficulty setting in less than 30 minutes each. In addition, a few players have also managed to complete ''Doom II'' in a single run on the difficulty setting "Nightmare!", on which monsters are more aggressive, launch faster projectiles (or, in the case of the Pinky Demon, simply move faster), and respawn roughly 30 seconds after they have been killed (level designer John Romero characterized the idea of such a run as "[just having to be] impossible").<ref name="DoomNightmare"/> Movies of most of these runs are available from the COMPET-N website.<ref name="DoomCOMPET-N"/>
Online co-op and deathmatch play are still continued on [[List of Doom source ports|fan-created services]].
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<!-- unused references -->
<!-- <ref name="DoomRelease">{{cite web |author=id Software |title=Doom Press Release |year=1993 |url=http://www.rome.ro/lee_killough/history/doompr3.shtml |access-date=April 2, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825053443/http://www.rome.ro/lee_killough/history/doompr3.shtml |archive-date=August 25, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="note 2017">{{cite web |url= http://rome.ro/doomguy/ |title= Doomguy's Identity |access-date = December 10, 2017 |last= Romero |first= John |date= August 5, 2017 |website= DOOM Stories |quote=I am doomguy. |publisher= John Romero's site |author-link= John Romero |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170805043409/http://rome.ro/doomguy/ |archive-date= August 5, 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="game_SeeT">{{Cite web|title=See The Original Sketch And Model That Inspired Doom's Doomguy |author=Kyle Hillard |work=GameInformer |date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=March 26, 2015 |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2014/12/13/see-the-original-sketch-and-model-that-inspired-doom-39-s-doomguy.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417144132/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2014/12/13/see-the-original-sketch-and-model-that-inspired-doom-39-s-doomguy.aspx |archive-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomNextGen">{{cite magazine|last=Zachary|first=George |title=Generator: How a Little Game Called Doom May Have Changes the Business World Forever|magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]|issue=21 |publisher=[[Imagine Media]]|date=September 1996|page=20}}</ref>-->
<ref name="GBA_Release">{{cite magazine|title=GBA Top 10 Games - 2001 |url=https://archive.org/details/GameShark_Magazine_Holiday_2001 |magazine=[[GameShark]] |issue=Holiday |date=December 2001 |page=[https://archive.org/details/GameShark_Magazine_Holiday_2001/page/n81 69]}}</ref>
<ref name="Switch_Release">{{cite web |title=The Original DOOM, DOOM II And DOOM 3 Have All Surprise Launched On Nintendo Switch |url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2019/07/the_original_doom_doom_ii_and_doom_3_have_all_surprise_launched_on_nintendo_switch |work=[[Nintendo Life]] |first=Ryan |last=Craddock |date=2019-07-26 |access-date=2019-07-26}}</ref>
<ref name="Armitage">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znUoeG5ulvQC&q=doom+copies+sold&pg=PA14 |title=Networking and Online Games: Understanding and Engineering Multiplayer Internet Games |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |author1=Armitage, Grenville |author2=Claypool, Mark |author3=Branch, Philip |year=2006 |location=Chichester, England |pages=14 |isbn=0470030461 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221020129/https://books.google.com/books?id=znUoeG5ulvQC&lpg=PA14&dq=doom%20copies%20sold&pg=PA14 |archive-date=February 21, 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomVirtualWorlds">{{cite magazine|last=Keizer |first=Gregg |title=Virtual Worlds - Doom |url=https://archive.org/details/ElectronicEntertainment04Apr1994/page/n97 |magazine=Electronic Entertainment|issue=4 |publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=April 1994 |page=94}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomCheat">{{Cite web |url=http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/the-10-greatest-cheat-codes-in-gaming-history/doom-god-mode |title=The 10 Greatest Cheat Codes in Gaming HistoryDoom: God Mode |access-date=July 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717235009/http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/the-10-greatest-cheat-codes-in-gaming-history/doom-god-mode |archive-date=July 17, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="DoomAchieve">{{Cite web |url=https://gamerant.com/doom-ps4-xbox-one-achievements-trophies-list/ |title=DOOM PS4 Trophies List Revealed |access-date=July 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022033652/https://gamerant.com/doom-ps4-xbox-one-achievements-trophies-list/ |archive-date=October 22, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all |date=May 3, 2016 }}</ref>
<ref name="DoomExtreme">{{Cite web |url=https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/172489-doom-the-original-and-best-first-person-shooter-is-20-years-old-today |title=Doom, the original and best first-person shooter, is 20 years old today - ExtremeTech |access-date=July 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022032734/https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/172489-doom-the-original-and-best-first-person-shooter-is-20-years-old-today |archive-date=October 22, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="DoomWorld">{{Cite web |url=https://www.doomworld.com/pageofdoom/cheat.html |title=The Page of Doom: The Cheats |access-date=July 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911224647/http://www.doomworld.com/pageofdoom/cheat.html |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="mastersofdoom">{{cite book |author=Kushner, David |title=Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-375-50524-9|title-link=Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture }}</ref>
<!-- Development -->
<ref name="CGWHallofFame">{{cite web |url=http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=8&cId=3139081#77 |title=CGW's Hall of Fame |author=Computer Gaming World |work=[[1UP.com]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |access-date=2016-07-27 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160727152017/http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=8&cId=3139081#77 |archive-date=2016-07-27 |url-status=dead |author-link=Computer Gaming World }}</ref>
<ref name="VGB">''Video Game Bible, 1985-2002'', p. 53</ref>
<ref name="AGGreview">{{cite web |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11717&tab=review |title=Wolfenstein 3D DOS Review |work=[[AllGame]] |publisher=[[All Media Network]] |last=Williamson |first=Colin |access-date=2016-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115011724/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11717&tab=review |archive-date=2014-11-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="IGN100">{{cite web |url=http://top100.ign.com/2003/91-100.html |title=IGN's Top 100 Games (2003) |work=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |access-date=2016-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419044602/http://top100.ign.com/2003/91-100.html |archive-date=2016-04-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="WIREDretro">{{cite journal |url=https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/05/dayintech_0505 |title=May 5, 1992: Wolfenstein 3-D Shoots the First-Person Shooter Into Stardom |last=Shachtman |first=Noah |journal=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=2008-05-08 |access-date=2016-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025220612/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/05/dayintech_0505 |archive-date=2011-10-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="MOD118121">''Masters of Doom'', pp. 118–121</ref>
<ref name="GDC2011">{{cite AV media |url=http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1014627/Classic-Game-Postmortem |title=Classic Game Postmortem – Doom |medium=Video |people=[[John Romero|Romero, John]]; [[Tom Hall|Hall, Tom]] |publisher=[[Game Developers Conference]] |date=2011 |access-date=2018-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806110612/http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1014627/Classic-Game-Postmortem |archive-date=2017-08-06 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomHorizon">{{cite magazine|title=On the Horizon |url=https://archive.org/stream/Game_Players_PC_Entertainment_Volume_6_Issue_3_May_1993#page/n11 |magazine=Game Players PC Entertainment |issue=3 |volume=6 |publisher=GP Publications |date=May 1993 |page=8}}</ref>
<ref name="MonsterId">{{cite web |title=Monsters from the Id: The Making of Doom |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/198783/monsters_from_the_id_the_making_.php?page=3 |work=[[Gamasutra]] |publisher=[[UBM plc|UBM]] |first=Alexander |last=Antoniades |date=2013-08-22 |access-date=2018-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025431/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/198783/monsters_from_the_id_the_making_.php?page=3 |archive-date=September 25, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="MOD122123">''Masters of Doom'', pp. 122–123</ref>
<ref name="MOD124131">''Masters of Doom'', pp. 124–131</ref>
<ref name="DSSS249250">''The Official DOOM Survivor's Strategies and Secrets'', pp. 249–250</ref>
<ref name="MattChat">{{cite AV media |people=[[John Romero|Romero, John]]; Barton, Matt |title=Matt Chat 53: Doom with John Romero |medium=Video |publisher=Matt Barton |date=2010-03-13 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgb8UxBb7og |access-date=2018-02-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124213821/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgb8UxBb7og |archive-date=2016-11-24 }}</ref>
<ref name="Petersen">{{cite web |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/august02/gencon/petersen/ |title=Sandy Petersen Speaks |last=Bub |first=Andrew S. |date=2002-07-10 |work=[[GameSpy]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |access-date=2018-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050322042740/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/august02/gencon/petersen/ |archive-date=2005-03-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="MCV">{{cite web |url=https://www.mcvuk.com/development/video-john-romero-reveals-level-design-secrets-while-playing-doom |title=Video: John Romero reveals level design secrets while playing Doom |work=[[MCV (magazine)|MCV]] |publisher=[[NewBay Media]] |date=2015-01-26 |access-date=2018-02-02 |last=Batchelor |first=James |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202211209/https://www.mcvuk.com/development/video-john-romero-reveals-level-design-secrets-while-playing-doom |archive-date=2018-02-02 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="MOD132147">''Masters of Doom'', pp. 132–147</ref>
<ref name="RomeroGDC">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1023765/The-Early-Days-of-id |title=The Early Days of id Software |medium=Video |people=[[John Romero|Romero, John]] |publisher=[[Game Developers Conference]] |date=2016 |access-date=2018-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707180922/http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1023765/The-Early-Days-of-id |archive-date=2017-07-07 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="MOD148153">''Masters of Doom'', pp. 148–153</ref>
<ref name="IGNvideo">{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/videos/2013/12/10/we-play-doom-with-john-romero |title=We Play Doom with John Romero |work=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |date=2013-12-10 |access-date=2018-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052825/http://www.ign.com/videos/2013/12/10/we-play-doom-with-john-romero |archive-date=2018-01-11 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="CGWLight">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121 |title=The Lighter Side of Doom |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |date=August 1994 |issue=121 |last=Schuytema |first=Paul C. |pages=140–142 |issn=0744-6667 |access-date=January 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102213537/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121 |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="MOD166">''Masters of Doom'', p. 166</ref>
<ref name="DSSS247">''The Official DOOM Survivor's Strategies and Secrets'', p. 247</ref>
<ref name="Deathmatch">''Atari to Zelda'', pp. 201–203</ref>
<ref name="Metal">{{cite web |url=http://rome.ro/smf/index.php?PHPSESSID=984131ae5ed449a17e102eaa99b04487&topic=4060.0 |title=Influences on Doom Music |last=Romero |first=John |author-link=John Romero |publisher=rome.ro |date=2005-04-19 |access-date=2018-02-06 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130901172238/http://rome.ro/smf/index.php?PHPSESSID=984131ae5ed449a17e102eaa99b04487&topic=4060.0 |archive-date=2013-09-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="SDF5255">''Doom: Scarydarkfast'', pp. 52–55</ref>
<ref name="PrinceDoom">{{cite web |url=http://bobbyprincemusic.blogspot.com/2010/12/deciding-where-to-place-musicsound.html |title=Deciding Where To Place Music/Sound Effects In A Game |last=Prince |first=Bobby |author-link=Robert Prince (video game composer) |publisher=Bobby Prince Music |date=2010-12-29 |access-date=2018-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812183456/http://bobbyprincemusic.blogspot.com/2010/12/deciding-where-to-place-musicsound.html |archive-date=2011-08-12 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<!-- Release -->
<ref name="Doomlinux">{{cite newsgroup |url=http://tech-insider.org/linux/research/1994/0909-f.html |title=Linux DOOM for X released |newsgroup=comp.os.linux.announce |message-id=ann-13210.779119772@cs.cornell.edu |author-link=Dave Taylor (game programmer) |last=Taylor |first=Dave |date=1994-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328100641/http://tech-insider.org/linux/research/1994/0909-f.html |archive-date=2017-03-28 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="IGNDoomVersions">{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/games/doom/pc-3285 |title=Doom (1993) – PC |work=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |access-date=2017-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430180656/http://www.ign.com/games/doom/pc-3285 |archive-date=2017-04-30 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomJaguar">{{cite book |title=The A-Z of Atari Jaguar Games – Volume 1 |first=Kieren |last=Hawken |publisher=Andrews UK |date=2017-09-02 |chapter=Doom |isbn=978-1-78538-734-0}}</ref>
<ref name="DOOM3BFG">{{cite web |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/doom-3-shines-flashlight-on-the-lost-mission-and-doesnt-even-need-to-put-down-its-gun/ |title=Doom 3 shines flashlight on The Lost Mission (And doesn't even need to put down its gun!) |last=Cobbett |first=Richard |date=2012-08-03 |work=[[PC Gamer]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |access-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225032753/http://www.pcgamer.com/doom-3-shines-flashlight-on-the-lost-mission-and-doesnt-even-need-to-put-down-its-gun/ |archive-date=2015-02-25 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="UltDoom">{{cite web |url=http://www.jeuxvideo.com/jeux/pc/00001017-the-ultimate-doom-thy-flesh-consumed.htm |title=The Ultimate Doom: Thy Flesh Consumed |publisher=[[Jeuxvideo.com]] |language=fr |access-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104114112/http://www.jeuxvideo.com/jeux/pc/00001017-the-ultimate-doom-thy-flesh-consumed.htm |archive-date=2017-11-04 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="ItRunsDoom1">{{cite journal |url=https://www.wired.com/2003/01/but-can-it-run-doom/ |title=But Can It Run Doom? |date=2003-01-01 |journal=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |access-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429090150/http://www.wired.com/2003/01/but-can-it-run-doom/ |archive-date=2017-04-29 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="ItRunsDoom2">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/12-things-that-prove-that-doom-will-run-on-literally-anything/ |title=Watch Doom running on an ATM, a printer... and 10 other weird, non-gaming machines |last=Hurley |first=Leon |date=2017-05-15 |work=[[GamesRadar+]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |access-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718222638/http://www.gamesradar.com/12-things-that-prove-that-doom-will-run-on-literally-anything/ |archive-date=2017-07-18 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="ItRunsDoom3">{{cite web |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/pianos-printers-and-other-weird-things-you-can-play-doom-on/ |title=Pianos, printers, and other surprising things you can play Doom on |last=Petitte |first=Omri |date=2016-02-02 |work=[[PC Gamer]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |access-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006064443/http://www.pcgamer.com/pianos-printers-and-other-weird-things-you-can-play-doom-on/ |archive-date=2017-10-06 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<!-- Reception -->
<ref name="QuickPatch">{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/memories-of-doom-by-john-romero-john-carmack-1480437464 |title=Memories Of Doom, By John Romero & John Carmack |last=Totilo |first=Steven |date=2013-12-10 |work=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[Univision Communications]] |access-date=2018-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015002852/https://kotaku.com/memories-of-doom-by-john-romero-john-carmack-1480437464 |archive-date=October 15, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199403">{{Cite magazine |date=March 1994 |title=Intel Bans Doom! |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=116 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |page=14 |access-date=November 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110115305/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=116 |archive-date=November 10, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199404wh">{{Cite magazine |date=April 1994 |title=What You've Been Playing Lately |department=What's Hot |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=117 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |pages=184 |access-date=November 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111041726/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=117 |archive-date=November 11, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="windows-95">{{cite news|url=http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/167253-gabe-newell-made-windows-a-viable-gaming-platform-and-linux-is-next?origref= |title=Gabe Newell Made Windows a Viable Gaming Platform, and Linux Is Next |author=Sebastian Anthony |publisher=[[ExtremeTech]] |date=September 24, 2013 |access-date=August 11, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035701/http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/167253-gabe-newell-made-windows-a-viable-gaming-platform-and-linux-is-next?origref= |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199407">{{Cite magazine |last1=Wilson |first1=Johnny L. |last2=Brown |first2=Ken |last3=Lombardi |first3=Chris |last4=Weksler |first4=Mike |last5=Coleman |first5=Terry |date=July 1994 |title=The Designer's Dilemma: The Eighth Computer Game Developers Conference |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=120 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |pages=26–31 |access-date=November 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116132532/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=120 |archive-date=November 16, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="PSMags">Gallup UK PlayStation sales chart, April 1996, published in [[Official UK PlayStation Magazine]] issue 5</ref>
<ref name="SonicDoom">{{cite web |author=Sonic Retro |title=Sonic Doom II – Bots on Mobious |year=2013 |url=http://www.sonicretro.org/2013/06/fan-game-frenzy-sonic-doom-ii-bots-on-mobius/ |access-date=June 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012043444/http://www.sonicretro.org/2013/06/fan-game-frenzy-sonic-doom-ii-bots-on-mobius/ |archive-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomWADFTP">{{cite web |author=Doomworld |title=/idgames database |url=http://www.doomworld.com/idgames/ |access-date=September 3, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528180311/http://www.doomworld.com/idgames/ |archive-date=May 28, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="Dragon217">{{cite journal |title=Eye of the Monitor |author=Jay & Dee |journal=Dragon |issue=217 |date=May 1995 |pages=65–74}}</ref>
<ref name="GR-PC">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/524287-doom-1993/index.html |title=Doom (1993) for PC |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829133904/http://www.gamerankings.com/pc/524287-doom/index.html |archive-date=August 29, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="GR-JG">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/jaguar/563365-doom/index.html |title=Doom for Jaguar |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313151332/http://www.gamerankings.com/jaguar/563365-doom/index.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="GR-SNES">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/snes/588285-doom/index.html |title=Doom for Super Nintendo |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812213336/https://www.gamerankings.com/snes/588285-doom/index.html |archive-date=August 12, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="GR-PS">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/ps/919060-doom/index.html |title=Doom for PlayStation |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718070703/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps/919060-doom/index.html |archive-date=July 18, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="GR-GBA">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/gba/531288-doom/index.html |title=Doom for Game Boy Advance |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718070734/http://www.gamerankings.com/gba/531288-doom/index.html |archive-date=July 18, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="GR-X360">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/935829-doom/index.html |title=Doom for Xbox 360 |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813004232/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/935829-doom/index.html |archive-date=August 13, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="GR-iOS">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/iphone/978641-doom-classic/index.html |title=Doom Classic for iOS (iPhone/iPad) |website=[[GameRankings]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812213330/https://www.gamerankings.com/iphone/978641-doom-classic/index.html |archive-date=August 12, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="MC-GBA">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/game-boy-advance/doom |title=Doom for Game Boy Advance Reviews |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921033742/https://www.metacritic.com/game/game-boy-advance/doom |archive-date=September 21, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="MC-X360">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/doom |title=Doom for Xbox 360 Reviews |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703032205/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/doom |archive-date=July 3, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="MC-iOS">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/ios/doom-classic |title=Doom Classic for iPhone/iPad Reviews |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717045343/http://www.metacritic.com/game/ios/doom-classic |archive-date=July 17, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Allgame">{{cite web |last=Mauser |first=Evan A. |title=Doom – Review|publisher=[[Allgame]] |access-date=July 22, 2013 |url=http://allgame.com/game.php?id=776&tab=review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114195825/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=776&tab=review|archive-date=November 14, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="CVG148">{{cite magazine |date=March 1994 |issue=148 |title=Reviews: DOOM |url= https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File%3ACVG_UK_148.pdf&page=72 |magazine= [[Computer and Video Games]]|pages=72–73 |access-date= 2020-06-11}}</ref>
<ref name="Dragon203">{{cite magazine |last=Kaufman |first=Doug |date=March 1994 |issue=203 |title=Eye of the Monitor: DOOM |url= http://annarchive.com/files/Drmg203.pdf#page=61 |magazine= [[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]]|pages=59–62 |publisher = TSR, Inc.| access-date= 2020-06-11}}</ref>
<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |url=http://www.edge-online.com/review/doom-review/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023154751/http://www.edge-online.com/review/doom-review/ |url-status=dead|archive-date=October 23, 2012 |title=Doom Review - Edge Online|date=October 23, 2012 }}</ref>
<ref name="schuytema199408">{{Cite magazine |last=Schuytema |first=Paul C. |date=August 1994 |title=The Lighter Side Of Doom |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |pages=140, 142 |access-date=January 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102213537/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121 |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="NotTrue3D">{{cite journal |title=The First Pictures|journal=Maximum: The Video Game Magazine|issue=1|publisher=[[Emap International Limited]]|date=October 1995|pages=134–5|quote=Doom was criticised for not being a true 3D product – in fact, it's best described as 2.5D (if you will) because although each level could be staged at various heights, it was impossible to stack two corridors on top of one another in any given stage.}}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199402">{{Cite magazine |date=February 1994 |title=Taking A Peek |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=115 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |pages=212–220 |access-date=November 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003001602/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=115 |archive-date=October 3, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="walker199403">{{Cite magazine |last=Walker |first=Bryan |date=March 1994 |title=Hell's Bells And Whistles |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=116 |magazine=Computer Gaming World |pages=38–39 |access-date=November 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110115305/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=116 |archive-date=November 10, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name=pcgameruktop50>{{cite journal | author=Staff | journal=[[PC Gamer UK]] | title=The ''PC Gamer'' Top 50 PC Games of All Time |date=April 1994 | issue=5 | pages=43–56}}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199406">{{Cite magazine|date=June 1994|title=Announcing The New Premier Awards|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=118|magazine=Computer Gaming World|pages=51–58|access-date=November 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703000430/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=118|archive-date=July 3, 2014|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199611best">{{cite news|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1996&pub=2&id=148 |title=150 Best Games of All Time |work=Computer Gaming World |date=November 1996 |access-date=March 25, 2016 |pages=64–80 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408023915/http://cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1996&pub=2&id=148 |archive-date=April 8, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="cgw199611mostinnovative">{{cite news|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1996&pub=2&id=148 |title=The 15 Most Innovative Computer Games |work=Computer Gaming World |date=November 1996 |access-date=March 25, 2016 |pages=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408023915/http://cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1996&pub=2&id=148 |archive-date=April 8, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomRealism">{{cite journal |title=The Games |journal=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]] |issue=4 |publisher=[[Imagine Media]] |date=April 1995 |page=53}}</ref>
<ref name=gamespy20010701>{{cite web |author=GameSpy |title=GameSpy's Top 50 Games of All Time |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/july01/top50index/ |year=2001 |publisher=GameSpy |access-date=November 15, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710152120/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/july01/top50index/ |archive-date=July 10, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name=IGNtop100>{{cite web |url=http://uk.top100.ign.com/2003/41-50.html#44 |title=IGN's Top 100 Games of All Time |publisher=Uk.top100.ign.com |access-date=November 29, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104104024/http://uk.top100.ign.com/2003/41-50.html |archive-date=November 4, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name=retrogamer2004>''Retro Gamer'' 9, page 60.</ref>
<ref name=IGNtop1002005>{{cite web |url=http://uk.top100.ign.com/2005/031-040.html |title=IGN's Top 100 Games |publisher=Uk.top100.ign.com |access-date=November 29, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103114346/http://uk.top100.ign.com/2005/031-040.html |archive-date=November 3, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name=chaplin20070312>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/12/arts/design/12vide.html |title=Is That Just Some Game? No, It's a Cultural Artifact |newspaper=[[nytimes.com]] |first=HEATHER |last=CHAPLIN |date=March 12, 2007 |access-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004173158/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/12/arts/design/12vide.html?ex=1331352000&en=380fc9bb18694da5&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |archive-date=October 4, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="Joystiq">{{cite web |url=http://www.joystiq.com/2007/03/12/10-most-important-video-games-of-all-time-as-judged-by-2-design/ |title=10 most important video games of all time, as judged by 2 designers, 2 academics, and 1 lowly blogger |last=Ransom-Wiley |first=James |publisher=Joystiq |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422035847/http://www.joystiq.com/2007/03/12/10-most-important-video-games-of-all-time-as-judged-by-2-design/ |archive-date=April 22, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="DG-Interview">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/09/yes-the-library-of-congress-has-video-games-an-interview-with-david-gibson/ |title=Yes, The Library of Congress Has Video Games: An Interview with David Gibson |date=September 26, 2012 |access-date=January 18, 2013 |publisher=blogs.loc.gov |first=Trevor |last=Owens|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205100245/http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/09/yes-the-library-of-congress-has-video-games-an-interview-with-david-gibson/ |archive-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name=gttopten>{{cite web |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/video/top-10-gt-countdown/52509 |title=GT Top Ten Breakthrough PC Games |publisher=GameTrailers.com |date=July 28, 2009 |access-date=July 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107111924/http://www.gametrailers.com/video/top-10-gt-countdown/52509 |archive-date=January 7, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="gi_best">{{cite journal |author=The ''Game Informer'' staff |title=The Top 200 Games of All Time |pages=44–79 |issue=200 |date=December 2009|journal=[[Game Informer]]|issn=1067-6392|oclc=27315596}}</ref>
<ref name="GameInformer">{{cite web |title=Game Informer's Top 100 Games of All Time (Circa Issue 100) |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2009/11/16/game-informer-s-top-100-games-of-all-time-circa-issue-100.aspx |work=[[Game Informer]] |last=Cork |first=Jeff |date=November 16, 2009 |access-date=December 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111051919/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2009/11/16/game-informer-s-top-100-games-of-all-time-circa-issue-100.aspx |archive-date=November 11, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name=IGNtopshooters>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/top/shooters/2 |title=Doom |website=IGN |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714002346/http://www.ign.com/top/shooters/2 |archive-date=July 14, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="AccoTimeAllTime">{{cite news |title=All-TIME 100 Video Games |url=http://techland.time.com/2012/11/15/all-time-100-video-games/slide/all/ |work=Time |publisher=Time Inc. |date=November 15, 2012 |access-date=November 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116214206/http://techland.time.com/2012/11/15/all-time-100-video-games/slide/all/ |archive-date=November 16, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=shoemaker20060131>{{cite web|last=Shoemaker |first=Brad |url=http://www.gamespot.com/features/the-greatest-games-of-all-time-doom-6143094/ |title=The Greatest Games of All Time: Doom |publisher=GameSpot.com |date=January 31, 2006 |access-date=November 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528213942/http://www.gamespot.com/features/the-greatest-games-of-all-time-doom-6143094/ |archive-date=May 28, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="ibt">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/doom-turns-20-we-take-look-games-history-1505336 |title='Doom' Turns 20: We Take A Look at the Game's History |date=December 12, 2013 |access-date=July 15, 2016 |website=International Business Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817133651/http://www.ibtimes.com/doom-turns-20-we-take-look-games-history-1505336 |archive-date=August 17, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="NBCDoom">{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/technolog/knee-deep-history-20-years-doom-2D11722313 |title=Knee deep in history: 20 years of "Doom" |date=December 10, 2013 |author=Coldewey, David |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=December 10, 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="gamesthatchanged">{{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709175704/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=58157 | url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com:80/article.php?id=58157 | title=Games That Changed The World: ''Doom'' | date=June 12, 2002 | author=McCandless, David | work=[[PC Zone]] | archive-date=July 9, 2007 | url-status=dead | access-date=July 24, 2018 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="wargames">{{cite book | author=Dunnigan, James F. | author-link=Jim Dunnigan | date=January 3, 2000 | title=Wargames Handbook, Third Edition: How to Play and Design Commercial and Professional Wargames | publisher=[[iUniverse|Writers Club Press]] |pages=14–17}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomViolence">{{cite web |author=Entertainment Software Rating Board |title=Game ratings |url=http://www.esrb.org/search_results.asp?key=doom&x=0&y=0&type=game |access-date=December 4, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216031317/http://www.esrb.org/search_results.asp?key=doom&x=0&y=0&type=game |archive-date=February 16, 2006}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomMature">{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2014/09/16/the-esrb-is-turning-20 |title=The ESRB is Turning 20 – IGN |work=[[IGN]] |date=September 16, 2014 |access-date=February 10, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216091339/http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/09/16/the-esrb-is-turning-20 |archive-date=February 16, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomYahoo">{{cite web |title=Controversial Games |publisher=[[Yahoo! Games]] |author=Ben Silverman |date=September 17, 2007 |url=http://videogames.yahoo.com/feature/controversial-games/530593 |access-date=September 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429053154/http://videogames.yahoo.com/feature/controversial-games/530593 |archive-date=April 29, 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomKillology">{{cite web |author1=Irvine, Reed |author2=Kincaid, Cliff |title=Video Games Can Kill |url=http://www.aim.org/media_monitor/A3327_0_2_0_C/ |publisher=Accuracy in Media |year=1999 |access-date=November 15, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005011325/http://www.aim.org/media_monitor/A3327_0_2_0_C/ |archive-date=October 5, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomHighSchool">{{cite web |author=4–20: a Columbine site |title=Basement Tapes: quotes and transcripts from Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold's video tapes |url=http://columbine.free2host.net/quotes.html |access-date=November 15, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060223025846/http://columbine.free2host.net/quotes.html |archive-date=February 23, 2006}}</ref>
<ref name="SnopesHarrisLevels">{{cite web |last = Mikkelson|first=Barbara|title=Columbine Doom Levels |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-harris-levels/ |website=[[Snopes]] |date=January 1, 2005 |access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="mtv">{{cite web |url=http://multiplayerblog.mtv.com/2013/08/05/id-software-and-bethesdas-cancelled-doom-4-just-wasnt-doom-enough |title=id Software and Bethesda's Cancelled 'Doom 4' Just Wasn't 'Doom' Enough |publisher=Multiplayerblog.mtv.com |date=August 5, 2013 |access-date=November 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104102655/http://multiplayerblog.mtv.com/2013/08/05/id-software-and-bethesdas-cancelled-doom-4-just-wasnt-doom-enough |archive-date=November 4, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomClones">{{cite web |author1=Turner, Benjamin |author2=Bowen, Kevin |title=Bringin' in the DOOM Clones |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/december03/doom/clones/index2.shtml |publisher=GameSpy |year=2003 |access-date=November 15, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127062845/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/december03/doom/clones/index2.shtml |archive-date=January 27, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomChex">{{cite web|last=House |first=Michael L. |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=14300&tab=overview |title=Chex Quest – Overview |publisher=allgame |access-date=July 27, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117060730/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=14300&tab=overview |archive-date=November 17, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="Deathmatchterm">{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2000_3 |title=Games of the Millennium |author=Gestalt |website=[[Eurogamer]] |date=December 29, 1999 |access-date=June 16, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122828/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2000_3 |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomNightmare">{{cite web |author=Hegyi, Adam |title=Player profile for Thomas "Panter" Pilger |year=1992 |url=http://www.doom.com.hr/index.php?page=compet-n_players&player_id=101 |access-date=November 15, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203221826/http://www.doom.com.hr/index.php?page=compet-n_players&player_id=101 |archive-date=December 3, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="DoomCOMPET-N">{{cite web |url=http://www.doom.com.hr/compet-n/ |title=C O M P E T – N |publisher=Doom.com.hr |access-date=November 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519230448/http://www.doom.com.hr/compet-n/ |archive-date=May 19, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="NewLevels">{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/4/26/11512788/john-romero-new-doom-level-free-download |title=John Romero's new Doom level is a tease for his next project |website=Polygon |date=April 26, 2016 |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704014611/http://www.polygon.com/2016/4/26/11512788/john-romero-new-doom-level-free-download |archive-date=July 4, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="RomeroLevels">{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/1/15/10776094/john-romero-doom-level-free-download |title=You can download John Romero's first new Doom level in 21 years right now |website=Polygon |date=January 15, 2016 |access-date=October 14, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014193709/http://www.polygon.com/2016/1/15/10776094/john-romero-doom-level-free-download |archive-date=October 14, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="TouchArcade">{{cite web |url=https://toucharcade.com/2009/10/31/doom-classic-gameplay-video-and-early-impressions/ |title='Doom Classic' Gameplay Video and Early Impressions |last=Kim |first=Arnold |date=October 31, 2009 |website=[[TouchArcade]] |access-date=August 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813004310/https://toucharcade.com/2009/10/31/doom-classic-gameplay-video-and-early-impressions/ |archive-date=August 13, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
}}
==Sources==
* {{cite book |last=Consalvo |first=Mia |date=2016 |title=Atari to Zelda: Japan's Videogames in Global Contexts |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |isbn=978-0-262-03439-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Pinchbeck |first=Dan |title=Doom: Scarydarkfast |date=2013 |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn=978-0-472-05191-5}}
* {{cite book |title=Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture |last=Kushner |first=David |publisher=[[Random House]] |date=2004 |isbn=978-0-8129-7215-3|title-link=Masters of Doom }}
* {{cite book |last=Mendoza |first=Jonathan |title=The Official DOOM Survivor's Strategies and Secrets |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Sybex]] |date=1994 |isbn=978-0-7821-1546-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/officialdoomsurv00mend }}
* {{cite book |title=Video Game Bible, 1985-2002 |last=Slaven |first=Andy |date=2002 |publisher=[[Trafford Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-55369-731-2}}
==External links==
* {{moby game|id=/doom|name=''Doom''}}
* {{cite web |author=Richard H. "Hank" Leukart, III |title=The "Official" Doom FAQ |year=1994 |url=http://www.gamers.org/docs/FAQ/doomfaq/ |access-date=November 15, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731110523/http://www.gamers.org/docs/FAQ/doomfaq/ |archive-date=July 31, 2013}}
{{Portal bar|1990s|Solar System|Speculative fiction|United States|Video games}}
{{Doom series}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Doom (1993 video game)}}
[[Category:Doom (franchise)]]
[[Category:1993 video games]]
[[Category:3DO Interactive Multiplayer games]]
[[Category:Acorn Archimedes games]]
[[Category:Amiga games]]
[[Category:Amiga 1200 games]]
[[Category:AmigaOS 4 games]]
[[Category:Android (operating system) games]]
[[Category:AROS software]]
[[Category:Atari Jaguar games]]
[[Category:Censored video games]]
[[Category:Commercial video games with freely available source code]]
[[Category:Cooperative video games]]
[[Category:Video games about demons]]
[[Category:Doom engine games]]
[[Category:DOS games]]
[[Category:First-person shooters]]
[[Category:First-person shooter multiplayer online games]]
[[Category:Game Boy Advance games]]
[[Category:Games commercially released with DOSBox]]
[[Category:GT Interactive Software games]]
[[Category:Video games set in Hell]]
[[Category:Horror video games]]
[[Category:Id Software games]]
[[Category:Imagineer games]]
[[Category:IOS games]]
[[Category:IRIX games]]
[[Category:Linux games]]
[[Category:Classic Mac OS games]]
[[Category:Fiction set on Mars' moons]]
[[Category:Mobile games]]
[[Category:MorphOS games]]
[[Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games]]
[[Category:Multiplayer null modem games]]
[[Category:Nintendo Switch games]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in video games]]
[[Category:PlayStation (console) games]]
[[Category:PlayStation 3 games]]
[[Category:PlayStation 4 games]]
[[Category:Science fantasy video games]]
[[Category:Sega 32X games]]
[[Category:Sega Saturn games]]
[[Category:Split-screen multiplayer games]]
[[Category:Super Nintendo Entertainment System games]]
[[Category:Symbian games]]
[[Category:Video games developed in the United States]]
[[Category:Video games scored by Bobby Prince]]
[[Category:Video games with 2.5D graphics]]
[[Category:Video games with alternate versions]]
[[Category:Video games with digitized sprites]]
[[Category:Williams video games]]
[[Category:Windows games]]
[[Category:Xbox 360 games]]
[[Category:Xbox 360 Live Arcade games]]
[[Category:Xbox Cloud Gaming games]]
[[Category:Xbox One games]]
[[Category:Sprite-based first-person shooters]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -79,5 +79,5 @@
==Plot==
-[[File:The anonymous space marine from DOOM.png|thumb|right|The unnamed protagonist of the ''Doom'' series as he appears in ''The Ultimate Doom'']]
+[[File:The anonymous space marine from DOOM know as "the Doom marine."png|thumb|right|The unnamed protagonist of the ''Doom'' series as he appears in ''The Ultimate Doom'']]
''Doom'' is divided into three episodes: "Knee-Deep in the Dead", "The Shores of Hell", and "Inferno". A fourth episode, "Thy Flesh Consumed", was added in an expanded version of the game, ''The Ultimate Doom'', released in 1995, two years later and one year after ''Doom II''. The campaign contains very few plot elements, with the minimal story instead given in the instruction manual and in short text segues between episodes.
' |
New page size (new_size) | 101714 |
Old page size (old_size) | 101688 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | 26 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '[[File:The anonymous space marine from DOOM know as "the Doom marine."png|thumb|right|The unnamed protagonist of the ''Doom'' series as he appears in ''The Ultimate Doom'']]'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '[[File:The anonymous space marine from DOOM.png|thumb|right|The unnamed protagonist of the ''Doom'' series as he appears in ''The Ultimate Doom'']]'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
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1 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035701/http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/167253-gabe-newell-made-windows-a-viable-gaming-platform-and-linux-is-next?origref=',
2 => 'https://kotaku.com/earlier-this-morning-listings-for-the-original-doom-do-1836729154',
3 => 'http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2019/07/the_original_doom_doom_ii_and_doom_3_have_all_surprise_launched_on_nintendo_switch',
4 => 'https://archive.org/details/GameShark_Magazine_Holiday_2001',
5 => 'https://archive.org/details/GameShark_Magazine_Holiday_2001/page/n81',
6 => 'https://archive.org/details/ElectronicEntertainment04Apr1994/page/n97',
7 => 'http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/the-10-greatest-cheat-codes-in-gaming-history/doom-god-mode',
8 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170717235009/http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/the-10-greatest-cheat-codes-in-gaming-history/doom-god-mode',
9 => 'https://gamerant.com/doom-ps4-xbox-one-achievements-trophies-list/',
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11 => 'https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/172489-doom-the-original-and-best-first-person-shooter-is-20-years-old-today',
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13 => 'https://www.doomworld.com/pageofdoom/cheat.html',
14 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160911224647/http://www.doomworld.com/pageofdoom/cheat.html',
15 => 'http://www.classicdoom.com/doomtext.htm#doom',
16 => 'https://archive.today/20160727152017/http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=8&cId=3139081#77',
17 => 'http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=8&cId=3139081#77',
18 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20141115011724/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11717&tab=review',
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20 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160419044602/http://top100.ign.com/2003/91-100.html',
21 => 'http://top100.ign.com/2003/91-100.html',
22 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20111025220612/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/05/dayintech_0505',
23 => 'https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/05/dayintech_0505',
24 => 'http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1014627/Classic-Game-Postmortem',
25 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170806110612/http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1014627/Classic-Game-Postmortem',
26 => 'https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/198783/monsters_from_the_id_the_making_.php?page=3',
27 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025431/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/198783/monsters_from_the_id_the_making_.php?page=3',
28 => 'https://www.ign.com/videos/2013/12/10/we-play-doom-with-john-romero',
29 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052825/http://www.ign.com/videos/2013/12/10/we-play-doom-with-john-romero',
30 => 'https://www.mcvuk.com/development/video-john-romero-reveals-level-design-secrets-while-playing-doom',
31 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180202211209/https://www.mcvuk.com/development/video-john-romero-reveals-level-design-secrets-while-playing-doom',
32 => 'https://archive.org/stream/Game_Players_PC_Entertainment_Volume_6_Issue_3_May_1993#page/n11',
33 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgb8UxBb7og',
34 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20161124213821/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgb8UxBb7og',
35 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20050322042740/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/august02/gencon/petersen/',
36 => 'http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/august02/gencon/petersen/',
37 => 'https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1023765/The-Early-Days-of-id',
38 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170707180922/http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1023765/The-Early-Days-of-id',
39 => 'http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121',
40 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0744-6667',
41 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180102213537/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121',
42 => 'https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/10418',
43 => 'https://archive.today/20130901172238/http://rome.ro/smf/index.php?PHPSESSID=984131ae5ed449a17e102eaa99b04487&topic=4060.0',
44 => 'http://rome.ro/smf/index.php?PHPSESSID=984131ae5ed449a17e102eaa99b04487&topic=4060.0',
45 => 'http://bobbyprincemusic.blogspot.com/2010/12/deciding-where-to-place-musicsound.html',
46 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110812183456/http://bobbyprincemusic.blogspot.com/2010/12/deciding-where-to-place-musicsound.html',
47 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PRGzvSbZcI',
48 => 'https://kotaku.com/memories-of-doom-by-john-romero-john-carmack-1480437464',
49 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20181015002852/https://kotaku.com/memories-of-doom-by-john-romero-john-carmack-1480437464',
50 => 'http://www.jeuxvideo.com/jeux/pc/00001017-the-ultimate-doom-thy-flesh-consumed.htm',
51 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20171104114112/http://www.jeuxvideo.com/jeux/pc/00001017-the-ultimate-doom-thy-flesh-consumed.htm',
52 => 'http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=120',
53 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20171116132532/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=120',
54 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20091002034515/http://www.reelsplatter.com/doommedia.html',
55 => 'http://www.reelsplatter.com/doommedia.html',
56 => 'http://tech-insider.org/linux/research/1994/0909-f.html',
57 => 'news:comp.os.linux.announce',
58 => 'news:ann-13210.779119772@cs.cornell.edu',
59 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170328100641/http://tech-insider.org/linux/research/1994/0909-f.html',
60 => 'https://www.ign.com/games/doom/pc-3285',
61 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170430180656/http://www.ign.com/games/doom/pc-3285',
62 => 'http://www.pcgamer.com/doom-3-shines-flashlight-on-the-lost-mission-and-doesnt-even-need-to-put-down-its-gun/',
63 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150225032753/http://www.pcgamer.com/doom-3-shines-flashlight-on-the-lost-mission-and-doesnt-even-need-to-put-down-its-gun/',
64 => 'https://www.wired.com/2003/01/but-can-it-run-doom/',
65 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170429090150/http://www.wired.com/2003/01/but-can-it-run-doom/',
66 => 'https://www.gamesradar.com/12-things-that-prove-that-doom-will-run-on-literally-anything/',
67 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170718222638/http://www.gamesradar.com/12-things-that-prove-that-doom-will-run-on-literally-anything/',
68 => 'http://www.pcgamer.com/pianos-printers-and-other-weird-things-you-can-play-doom-on/',
69 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20171006064443/http://www.pcgamer.com/pianos-printers-and-other-weird-things-you-can-play-doom-on/',
70 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20131012043444/http://www.sonicretro.org/2013/06/fan-game-frenzy-sonic-doom-ii-bots-on-mobius/',
71 => 'http://www.sonicretro.org/2013/06/fan-game-frenzy-sonic-doom-ii-bots-on-mobius/',
72 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140528180311/http://www.doomworld.com/idgames/',
73 => 'http://www.doomworld.com/idgames/',
74 => 'http://www.polygon.com/2016/4/26/11512788/john-romero-new-doom-level-free-download',
75 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160704014611/http://www.polygon.com/2016/4/26/11512788/john-romero-new-doom-level-free-download',
76 => 'http://www.polygon.com/2016/1/15/10776094/john-romero-doom-level-free-download',
77 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20161014193709/http://www.polygon.com/2016/1/15/10776094/john-romero-doom-level-free-download',
78 => 'https://www.romerogames.ie/si6il',
79 => 'https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2019-05-31-john-romeros-unofficial-fifth-doom-episode-sigil-is-finally-out',
80 => 'https://www.gamerankings.com/snes/588285-doom/index.html',
81 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180812213336/https://www.gamerankings.com/snes/588285-doom/index.html',
82 => 'https://www.gamerankings.com/ps/919060-doom/index.html',
83 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160718070703/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps/919060-doom/index.html',
84 => 'https://www.gamerankings.com/gba/531288-doom/index.html',
85 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160718070734/http://www.gamerankings.com/gba/531288-doom/index.html',
86 => 'https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/935829-doom/index.html',
87 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180813004232/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/935829-doom/index.html',
88 => 'https://www.gamerankings.com/iphone/978641-doom-classic/index.html',
89 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180812213330/https://www.gamerankings.com/iphone/978641-doom-classic/index.html',
90 => 'http://www.metacritic.com/game/game-boy-advance/doom',
91 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180921033742/https://www.metacritic.com/game/game-boy-advance/doom',
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94 => 'http://www.metacritic.com/game/ios/doom-classic',
95 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180717045343/http://www.metacritic.com/game/ios/doom-classic',
96 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20141114195825/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=776&tab=review',
97 => 'http://allgame.com/game.php?id=776&tab=review',
98 => 'https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File:CVG_UK_148.pdf&page=72',
99 => 'http://annarchive.com/files/Drmg203.pdf#page=61',
100 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20121023154751/http://www.edge-online.com/review/doom-review/',
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102 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110907042421/http://www.gamespot.com:80/pc/action/ultimatedoom/review.html',
103 => 'http://www.gamespot.com:80/pc/action/ultimatedoom/review.html',
104 => 'https://www.gamerankings.com/pc/524287-doom-1993/index.html',
105 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140829133904/http://www.gamerankings.com/pc/524287-doom/index.html',
106 => 'https://archive.org/details/Total046-DoomSNES',
107 => 'https://toucharcade.com/2009/10/31/doom-classic-gameplay-video-and-early-impressions/',
108 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180813004310/https://toucharcade.com/2009/10/31/doom-classic-gameplay-video-and-early-impressions/',
109 => 'http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=118',
110 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140703000430/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=118',
111 => 'http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1996&pub=2&id=148',
112 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160408023915/http://cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1996&pub=2&id=148',
113 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100710152120/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/july01/top50index/',
114 => 'http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/july01/top50index/',
115 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20131104104024/http://uk.top100.ign.com/2003/41-50.html',
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118 => 'http://uk.top100.ign.com/2005/031-040.html',
119 => 'https://www.ign.com/top/shooters/2',
120 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160714002346/http://www.ign.com/top/shooters/2',
121 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140422035847/http://www.joystiq.com/2007/03/12/10-most-important-video-games-of-all-time-as-judged-by-2-design/',
122 => 'http://www.joystiq.com/2007/03/12/10-most-important-video-games-of-all-time-as-judged-by-2-design/',
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124 => 'http://www.gametrailers.com/video/top-10-gt-countdown/52509',
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146 => 'https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/doom-infamous-talk-monsters-review-was-right-side-history-1559763',
147 => 'https://www.gamerankings.com/jaguar/563365-doom/index.html',
148 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160313151332/http://www.gamerankings.com/jaguar/563365-doom/index.html',
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156 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20060216031317/http://www.esrb.org/search_results.asp?key=doom&x=0&y=0&type=game',
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163 => 'http://www.aim.org/media_monitor/A3327_0_2_0_C/',
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169 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120127062845/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/december03/doom/clones/index2.shtml',
170 => 'http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/december03/doom/clones/index2.shtml',
171 => 'http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=14300&tab=overview',
172 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20141117060730/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=14300&tab=overview',
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174 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122828/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2000_3',
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185 => 'https://www.ign.com/games/doom/pc-3285',
186 => 'https://www.ign.com/top/shooters/2',
187 => 'https://www.ign.com/videos/2013/12/10/we-play-doom-with-john-romero',
188 => 'https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Doom%22+1993+video+game&acc=on&wc=on',
189 => 'https://www.kotaku.com.au/2019/04/doom-speedrun-world-record-broken-after-20-years/',
190 => 'https://www.mcvuk.com/development/video-john-romero-reveals-level-design-secrets-while-playing-doom',
191 => 'https://www.mobygames.com/game/doom',
192 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/technolog/knee-deep-history-20-years-doom-2D11722313',
193 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/12/arts/design/12vide.html',
194 => 'https://www.romerogames.ie/si6il',
195 => 'https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-harris-levels/',
196 => 'https://www.trustedreviews.com/news/doom-speedrun-world-record-3694694',
197 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189784#identifiers',
198 => 'https://www.wired.com/2003/01/but-can-it-run-doom/',
199 => 'https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/05/dayintech_0505',
200 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PRGzvSbZcI',
201 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgb8UxBb7og',
202 => 'news:ann-13210.779119772@cs.cornell.edu',
203 => 'news:comp.os.linux.announce'
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1993 video game</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"DOOM" redirects here. For the reboot, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(2016_video_game)" title="Doom (2016 video game)">Doom (2016 video game)</a>. For the series, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(franchise)" title="Doom (franchise)">Doom (franchise)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Doom (disambiguation)">Doom (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<table class="infobox hproduct" style="float: right; width: 22em; border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size:125%;font-style:italic;">Doom</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Doom_cover_art.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Doom cover art.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Doom_cover_art.jpg/220px-Doom_cover_art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/5/57/Doom_cover_art.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="380" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 95%;">Cover art by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Ivan_Punchatz" title="Don Ivan Punchatz">Don Ivan Punchatz</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Id_Software" title="Id Software">id Software</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_game_publisher" title="Video game publisher">Publisher(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">id Software</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_game_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game designer">Designer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Romero" title="John Romero">John Romero</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Hall" title="Tom Hall">Tom Hall</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandy_Petersen" title="Sandy Petersen">Sandy Petersen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_game_programmer" title="Video game programmer">Programmer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Romero" title="John Romero">John Romero</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dave_Taylor_(game_programmer)" title="Dave Taylor (game programmer)">Dave Taylor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_game_artist" title="Video game artist">Artist(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adrian_Carmack" title="Adrian Carmack">Adrian Carmack</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kevin_Cloud" title="Kevin Cloud">Kevin Cloud</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_game_composer" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game composer">Composer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Prince_(video_game_composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Prince (video game composer)">Robert Prince</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Series</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(franchise)" title="Doom (franchise)">Doom</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">Engine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_engine" title="Doom engine">id Tech 1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;">
<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a></div></div>
<ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/32X" title="32X">Sega 32X</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Atari Jaguar</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Mac OS</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amiga_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiga OS">Amiga OS</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PC-9800_series" title="PC-9800 series">PC-98</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">SNES</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a><sup id="cite_ref-windows-95_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-windows-95-1">[1]</a></sup>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Sega Saturn</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Acorn_Archimedes" title="Acorn Archimedes">Acorn Archimedes</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a><sup id="cite_ref-Switch_Release_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Switch_Release-3">[3]</a></sup>
</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Release</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;">
<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div>December 10, 1993</div></div>
<ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>MS-DOS</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> December 10, 1993</li><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>:</span> December 1993</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Sega 32X</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> November 21, 1994</li><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>:</span> 1994</li><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">AU</a>:</span> 1994</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Atari Jaguar</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> November 28, 1994</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Mac OS</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> November 4, 1994</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>PC-98</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>:</span> December 9, 1994</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>SNES</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> September 1, 1995</li><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>:</span> October 26, 1995</li><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>:</span> March 1, 1996</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>PlayStation</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> November 16, 1995</li><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>:</span> December 1995</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>3DO</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> April 26, 1996</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Sega Saturn</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> March 31, 1997</li><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>:</span> 1997</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Acorn Archimedes</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>:</span> 1998</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Game Boy Advance</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> October 24, 2001<sup id="cite_ref-GBA_Release_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBA_Release-4">[4]</a></sup></li><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>:</span> November 16, 2001</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Xbox 360</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><abbr title="Worldwide">WW</abbr>:</span> September 27, 2006</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>iOS</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>:</span> October 30, 2009</li><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> October 31, 2009</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>PlayStation 3</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> November 20, 2012</li></ul></div>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Android</b>, <b>Nintendo Switch</b>, <b>PlayStation 4</b>, <b>Xbox One</b><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:95%;"><abbr title="Worldwide">WW</abbr>:</span> July 26, 2019<sup id="cite_ref-Switch_Release_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Switch_Release-3">[3]</a></sup></li></ul></div>
</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Genre(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">First-person shooter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Mode(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Single-player_video_game" title="Single-player video game">Single-player</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">multiplayer</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>Doom</b></i> is a 1993 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">first-person shooter</a> (FPS) game developed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Id_Software" title="Id Software">id Software</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>. Players assume the role of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Space_marine" title="Space marine">space marine</a>, popularly known as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doomguy" title="Doomguy">Doomguy</a>, fighting his way through hordes of invading <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demons" class="mw-redirect" title="Demons">demons</a> from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>. The first episode, comprising nine levels, was distributed freely as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shareware" title="Shareware">shareware</a> and played by an estimated 15–20 million people within two years; the full game, with two further episodes, was sold via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">mail order</a>. An updated version with an additional episode and more difficult levels, <i>The Ultimate Doom</i>, was released in 1995 and sold at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retail</a>.
</p><p><i>Doom</i> is one of the most significant games in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_game_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game history">video game history</a>, frequently cited as one of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_video_games_considered_the_best" title="List of video games considered the best">greatest games ever made</a>. Along with its predecessor <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wolfenstein_3D" title="Wolfenstein 3D">Wolfenstein 3D</a></i>, it helped define the FPS genre and inspired numerous similar games, often called <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_clone" class="mw-redirect" title="Doom clone"><i>Doom</i> clones</a>. It pioneered <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Online_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Online distribution">online distribution</a> and technologies including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D graphics</a>, networked <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">multiplayer gaming</a>, and support for custom <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mod_(video_games)" title="Mod (video games)">modifications</a> via packaged <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_modding" title="Doom modding">WAD</a> files. Its graphic violence and hellish imagery <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_game_controversies" title="Video game controversies">drew controversy</a>.
</p><p><i>Doom</i> has been <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Official_versions_of_Doom" class="mw-redirect" title="Official versions of Doom">ported to numerous platforms</a>. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(franchise)" title="Doom (franchise)"><i>Doom</i> franchise</a> continued with <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_II" title="Doom II">Doom II: Hell on Earth</a></i> (1994) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Expansion_pack" title="Expansion pack">expansion packs</a> including <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Master_Levels_for_Doom_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Levels for Doom II">Master Levels for Doom II</a></i> (1995). The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> was released in 1997 under a proprietary license, and then later in 1999 under the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License v2.0 or later</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_3" title="Doom 3">Doom 3</a></i>, a horror game built with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Id_Tech_4" title="Id Tech 4">id Tech 4</a> engine, was released in 2004, followed by a 2005 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(film)" title="Doom (film)"><i>Doom</i> film</a>. id returned to the fast-paced action of the classic games with the 2016 game <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(2016_video_game)" title="Doom (2016 video game)">Doom</a></i> and the 2020 sequel <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_Eternal" title="Doom Eternal">Doom Eternal</a></i>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Gameplay"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Gameplay</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Plot"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Plot</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Development"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Development</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Concept"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Concept</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Development_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Development</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Engine"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Engine</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Music_and_sound"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Music and sound</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Release"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Release</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Ports"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ports</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Mods"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Mods</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Reception"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Reception</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Commercial_performance"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Commercial performance</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Contemporary_reviews"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Contemporary reviews</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Retrospective_reception"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Retrospective reception</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Controversies"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Controversies</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Legacy"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Legacy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Doom_franchise"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Doom</i> franchise</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Clones"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Clones</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Community"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Community</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Gameplay">Gameplay</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Gameplay">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Doom%22+1993+video+game">"Doom" 1993 video game</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Doom%22+1993+video+game+-wikipedia">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?&q=%22Doom%22+1993+video+game&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Doom%22+1993+video+game+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Doom%22+1993+video+game">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Doom%22+1993+video+game&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Doom_ingame_1.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Doom_ingame_1.png/220px-Doom_ingame_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/d/de/Doom_ingame_1.png 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Doom_ingame_1.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The player armed with a chainsaw confronts an undead sergeant on a bridge over a chemical waste storage in "Knee-Deep in the Dead"</div></div></div>
<p><i>Doom</i> is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">first-person shooter</a> presented with early <a href="/enwiki/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D graphics</a>. The player controls an unnamed space marine—later termed "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doomguy" title="Doomguy">Doomguy</a>"—through a series of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games)">levels</a> set in military bases on the moons of Mars and in Hell. To finish a level, the player must traverse through the area to reach a marked exit room. Levels are grouped together into named episodes, with the final level focusing on a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boss_(video_games)" title="Boss (video games)">boss fight</a> with a particularly difficult enemy. While the environment is presented in a 3D perspective, the enemies and objects are instead 2D <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sprite_(computer_graphics)" title="Sprite (computer graphics)">sprites</a> presented from several preset viewing angles, a technique sometimes referred to as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2.5D" title="2.5D">2.5D</a> graphics with its technical name called ray casting. Levels are often labyrinthine, and a full screen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Automap" class="mw-redirect" title="Automap">automap</a> is available which shows the areas explored to that point.
</p><p>While traversing the levels, the player must fight a variety of enemies, including demons and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">possessed</a> undead humans, while managing supplies of ammunition, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Health_(games)" class="mw-redirect" title="Health (games)">health</a>, and armor. Enemies often appear in large groups, and the game features five <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Difficulty_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Difficulty level">difficulty levels</a> which increase the quantity and damage done by enemies, with enemies respawning upon death and moving faster than normal on the hardest difficulty setting. The monsters have very simple behavior, consisting of either moving toward their opponent, or attacking by throwing fireballs, biting, and clawing. They will <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_video_games" title="Artificial intelligence in video games">reactively fight each other</a> if one monster inadvertently harms another, though most monsters are immune to attacks from their own kind. The environment can include pits of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toxic_waste" title="Toxic waste">toxic waste</a>, ceilings that lower and crush everything, and locked doors requiring a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keycard" class="mw-redirect" title="Keycard">keycard</a> or a remote switch. The player can find weapons and ammunition throughout the levels or can collect them from dead enemies, including a pistol, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chainsaw" title="Chainsaw">chainsaw</a>, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plasma_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma rifle">plasma rifle</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BFG_(weapon)" title="BFG (weapon)">BFG 9000</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Power-up" title="Power-up">Power-ups</a> include health or armor points, a mapping computer, partial invisibility, a safety suit against toxic waste, invulnerability, or a super-strong melee <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berserker#Modern_context" title="Berserker">berserker</a> status.
</p><p>The main campaign mode is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Single-player_video_game" title="Single-player video game">single-player</a> mode, in an episodic succession of missions. Two <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">multiplayer</a> modes are playable over a network: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cooperative_video_game" title="Cooperative video game">cooperative</a>, in which two to four players team up to complete the main campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-DoomVirtualWorlds_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomVirtualWorlds-5">[5]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deathmatch" title="Deathmatch">deathmatch</a>, in which two to four players compete. Four-player <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Online_multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Online multiplayer">online multiplayer</a> mode via dialup was made available one year after launch through the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/DWANGO" title="DWANGO">DWANGO</a> service.<sup id="cite_ref-mastersofdoom_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mastersofdoom-6">[6]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cheat_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheat code">Cheat codes</a> give the player instant super powers including invulnerability, all weapons, and walking through walls.<sup id="cite_ref-DoomCheat_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomCheat-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DoomAchieve_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomAchieve-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DoomExtreme_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomExtreme-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DoomWorld_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomWorld-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Plot">Plot</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Plot">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><a href="/enwiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=The_anonymous_space_marine_from_DOOM_know_as_%22the_Doom_marine.%22png" class="new" title="File:The anonymous space marine from DOOM know as "the Doom marine."png">File:The anonymous space marine from DOOM know as "the Doom marine."png</a> <div class="thumbcaption">The unnamed protagonist of the <i>Doom</i> series as he appears in <i>The Ultimate Doom</i></div></div></div>
<p><i>Doom</i> is divided into three episodes: "Knee-Deep in the Dead", "The Shores of Hell", and "Inferno". A fourth episode, "Thy Flesh Consumed", was added in an expanded version of the game, <i>The Ultimate Doom</i>, released in 1995, two years later and one year after <i>Doom II</i>. The campaign contains very few plot elements, with the minimal story instead given in the instruction manual and in short text segues between episodes.
</p><p>In the future, the player character (an unnamed space marine, known as "the Doom marine" or simply "Doom guy") has been punitively posted to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> after assaulting a superior officer, who ordered his unit to fire on civilians. The space marines act as security for the Union Aerospace Corporation's radioactive waste facilities, which are used by the military to perform secret experiments with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teleportation" title="Teleportation">teleportation</a> by creating gateways between the two moons of Mars, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phobos_(moon)" title="Phobos (moon)">Phobos</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deimos_(moon)" title="Deimos (moon)">Deimos</a>. Three years after Doom guy's posting to Mars, Deimos disappears entirely and "something fraggin' evil" starts pouring out of the teleporter gateways, killing or possessing all personnel on Phobos. The Martian marine unit is dispatched to investigate, with Doom guy left to guard the perimeter with only a pistol while the rest of the group proceeds inside the base and is almost instantly killed. Being unable to pilot the shuttle off of Phobos by himself, Doom guy realizes that the only way to escape is to go inside and fight his way through the complexes of the moon base.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>As the last man standing, Doom guy fights through the onslaught of demonic enemies to keep them from attacking Earth. In "Knee-Deep in the Dead", Doom guy fights through the high-tech military bases, power plants, computer centers and geological anomalies on Phobos. It ends with Doom guy defeating the two powerful Hell Knights guarding the teleporter to the Deimos base, and thereupon entering the teleporter leading to Deimos, only to be overwhelmed by monsters in a seemingly unwinnable battle on the other side. In "The Shores of Hell" Doom guy awakens with only the pistol once again and fights through installations on Deimos, similar to those on Phobos, but warped and distorted from the demon invasion and interwoven with beastly architecture. After defeating the titanic <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyberdemon" title="Cyberdemon">Cyberdemon</a>, the Doom marine crawls to the edge of Deimos, which has been flattened into a pancake shape, only to discover that the vanished moon is floating above <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>. "Inferno" begins after the marine repels off of Deimos to the surface of Hell. The Doom marine battles his way through Hell, ultimately finding and slaying the Spider Mastermind that had masterminded the invasion of Phobos and Deimos. A hidden doorway back to Earth opens for the hero, who has "proven too tough for Hell to contain". The Doom marine, however, is greeted by the grisly sight of a burning city and a rabbit's head impaled on a stake (named in <i>The Ultimate Doom</i> as the Doom marine's pet rabbit, Daisy), showing that the demons have invaded Earth. In "Thy Flesh Consumed", the Doom marine fights the demons on Earth through a variety of disconnected high-tech bases and demonic temples, though ultimately the forces of Hell are not defeated in their invasion of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, setting the stage for <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_II" title="Doom II">Doom II: Hell on Earth</a></i>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Development">Development</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Development">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:John_Carmack_E3_2006.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Black-and-white photo of the head and shoulders of a man wearing glasses" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/John_Carmack_E3_2006.jpg/220px-John_Carmack_E3_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/John_Carmack_E3_2006.jpg/330px-John_Carmack_E3_2006.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/John_Carmack_E3_2006.jpg/440px-John_Carmack_E3_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="681" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:John_Carmack_E3_2006.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> in 2006</div></div></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Development_of_Doom" title="Development of Doom">Development of Doom</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Concept">Concept</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Concept">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In May 1992, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Id_Software" title="Id Software">id Software</a> released <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wolfenstein_3D" title="Wolfenstein 3D">Wolfenstein 3D</a></i>, later called the "grandfather of 3D shooters",<sup id="cite_ref-CGWHallofFame_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CGWHallofFame-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VGB_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VGB-13">[13]</a></sup> specifically first-person shooters, because it established the fast-paced action and technical prowess commonly expected in the genre and greatly increased the genre's popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-CGWHallofFame_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CGWHallofFame-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AGGreview_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGGreview-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IGN100_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN100-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WIREDretro_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIREDretro-16">[16]</a></sup> Immediately following its release most of the id Software team began work on a set of episodes for the game, titled <i>Spear of Destiny</i>, while id co-founder and lead programmer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> instead focused on technology research for the company's next game. Following the release of <i>Spear of Destiny</i> in September 1992, the team began to plan their next game. They wanted to create another 3D game using a new engine Carmack was developing, but were largely tired of <i>Wolfenstein</i>. They initially considered making another game in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commander_Keen" title="Commander Keen">Commander Keen</a></i> series, as proposed by co-founder and lead designer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Hall" title="Tom Hall">Tom Hall</a>, but decided that the platforming gameplay of the series was a poor fit for Carmack's fast-paced 3D engines. Additionally, the other two co-founders of id, designer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Romero" title="John Romero">John Romero</a> and lead artist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adrian_Carmack" title="Adrian Carmack">Adrian Carmack</a>, wanted to create something in a darker style than the <i>Keen</i> games. John Carmack then came up with his own concept: a game about using technology to fight demons, inspired by the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i> campaigns the team played, combining the styles of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Evil_Dead_II" title="Evil Dead II">Evil Dead II</a></i> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD118121_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD118121-17">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GDC2011_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDC2011-18">[18]</a></sup> The concept originally had a working title of "Green and Pissed", but Carmack soon renamed the proposed game "Doom" after a line in the film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Color_of_Money" title="The Color of Money">The Color of Money</a></i>: "'What you got in there?' / 'In here? Doom.'"<sup id="cite_ref-MOD118121_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD118121-17">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MonsterId_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MonsterId-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>The team agreed to pursue the <i>Doom</i> concept, and development began in November 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-GDC2011_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDC2011-18">[18]</a></sup> The initial development team was composed of five people: programmers John Carmack and Romero, artists Adrian Carmack and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kevin_Cloud" title="Kevin Cloud">Kevin Cloud</a>, and designer Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-IGNvideo_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNvideo-20">[20]</a></sup> They moved offices to a dark office building, which they named "Suite 666", and drew inspiration from the noises coming from the dentist's office next door. They also decided to cut ties with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/3D_Realms" title="3D Realms">Apogee Software</a>, their previous publisher, and to instead self-publish <i>Doom</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD122123_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD122123-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Development_2">Development</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Development">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:John_Romero_-_Jason_Scott_interview_(6951215353)_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="Face of a smiling man with long black hair and glasses" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/John_Romero_-_Jason_Scott_interview_%286951215353%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-John_Romero_-_Jason_Scott_interview_%286951215353%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/John_Romero_-_Jason_Scott_interview_%286951215353%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-John_Romero_-_Jason_Scott_interview_%286951215353%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/John_Romero_-_Jason_Scott_interview_%286951215353%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-John_Romero_-_Jason_Scott_interview_%286951215353%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="792" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:John_Romero_-_Jason_Scott_interview_(6951215353)_(cropped).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Romero" title="John Romero">John Romero</a> in 2012</div></div></div>
<p>Early in development, rifts in the team began to appear. At the end of November, Hall delivered a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Software_design_description" title="Software design description">design document</a>, which he named the <i>Doom Bible</i>, that described the plot, backstory, and design goals for the project.<sup id="cite_ref-GDC2011_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDC2011-18">[18]</a></sup> His design was a science fiction horror concept wherein scientists on the Moon open a portal from which aliens emerge. Over a series of levels, the player discovers that the aliens are demons while hell steadily infects the level design over the course of the game.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD124131_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD124131-22">[22]</a></sup> John Carmack not only disliked the idea but dismissed the idea of having a story at all: "Story in a game is like story in a porn movie; it's expected to be there, but it's not that important." Rather than a deep story, he wanted to focus on the technological innovations of the game, dropping the levels and episodes of <i>Wolfenstein</i> in favor of a fast, continuous world. Hall disliked the idea, but the rest of the team sided with Carmack.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD124131_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD124131-22">[22]</a></sup> Hall spent the next few weeks reworking the <i>Doom Bible</i> to work with Carmack's technological ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-GDC2011_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDC2011-18">[18]</a></sup> Hall was forced to rework it again in December, however, after the team decided that they were unable to create a single, seamless world with the hardware limitations of the time, which contradicted much of the document.<sup id="cite_ref-GDC2011_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDC2011-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p><p>At the start of 1993, id put out a press release, touting Hall's story about fighting off demons while "knee-deep in the dead". The press release proclaimed the new game features that John Carmack had created, as well as other features, including multiplayer gaming features, that had not yet even been designed.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD124131_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD124131-22">[22]</a></sup> Early versions of the game were built to match the <i>Doom Bible</i>; a "pre-alpha" version of the first level includes Hall's introductory base scene.<sup id="cite_ref-MCV_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCV-23">[23]</a></sup> Initial versions of the game also retain "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arcade_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcade genre">arcade</a>" elements present in <i>Wolfenstein 3D</i>, like <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Score_(video_games)" class="mw-redirect" title="Score (video games)">score</a> points and score items, but those were removed early in development as they were out of tone.<sup id="cite_ref-IGNvideo_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNvideo-20">[20]</a></sup> Other elements, such as a complex user interface, an inventory system, a secondary shield protection, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Life_(video_games)" title="Life (video games)">lives</a> were modified and slowly removed over the course of development.<sup id="cite_ref-GDC2011_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDC2011-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DoomHorizon_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomHorizon-24">[24]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Sandy_Petersen_in_May_2004.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sandy_Petersen_in_May_2004.jpg/170px-Sandy_Petersen_in_May_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sandy_Petersen_in_May_2004.jpg/255px-Sandy_Petersen_in_May_2004.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sandy_Petersen_in_May_2004.jpg/340px-Sandy_Petersen_in_May_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="1008" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Sandy_Petersen_in_May_2004.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandy_Petersen" title="Sandy Petersen">Sandy Petersen</a> in 2004</div></div></div>
<p>Soon, however, the <i>Doom Bible</i> as a whole was rejected. Romero wanted a game even "more brutal and fast" than <i>Wolfenstein</i>, which did not leave room for the character-driven plot Hall had created. Additionally, the team believed it emphasized realism over entertaining gameplay, and they did not see the need for a design document at all.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD124131_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD124131-22">[22]</a></sup> Some ideas were retained, but the story was dropped and most of the game design was removed.<sup id="cite_ref-DSSS249250_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSSS249250-25">[25]</a></sup> By early 1993, levels were being created for the game and a demo was produced. John Carmack and Romero, however, disliked Hall's military base-inspired level design. Romero especially believed that the boxy, flat level designs were uninspiring, too similar to <i>Wolfenstein</i>, and did not show off the engine's capabilities. He began to create his own, more abstract levels for the game, which the rest of the team saw as a great improvement.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD124131_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD124131-22">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MattChat_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MattChat-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p>Hall was upset with the reception to his designs and how little impact he was having as the lead designer.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD124131_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD124131-22">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MCV_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCV-23">[23]</a></sup> He was also upset with how much he was having to fight with John Carmack in order to get what he saw as obvious gameplay improvements, such as flying enemies, and began to spend less time at work.<sup id="cite_ref-GDC2011_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDC2011-18">[18]</a></sup> In July the other founders of id fired Hall, who went to work for Apogee.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD124131_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD124131-22">[22]</a></sup> He was replaced in September, ten weeks before the game was released, by game designer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandy_Petersen" title="Sandy Petersen">Sandy Petersen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Petersen_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petersen-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MOD132147_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD132147-28">[28]</a></sup> The team also added a third programmer, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dave_Taylor_(game_programmer)" title="Dave Taylor (game programmer)">Dave Taylor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RomeroGDC_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RomeroGDC-29">[29]</a></sup> Petersen and Romero designed the rest of <i>Doom</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s levels with different aims: the team believed that Petersen's designs were more technically interesting and varied, while Romero's were more aesthetically interesting.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD132147_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD132147-28">[28]</a></sup> In late 1993, after the multiplayer component was coded, the development team began playing four-player multiplayer games matches, which Romero termed "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deathmatch" title="Deathmatch">deathmatch</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-MOD148153_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD148153-30">[30]</a></sup> According to Romero, the game's deathmatch mode was inspired by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">fighting games</a> such as <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Street_Fighter_II:_The_World_Warrior" class="mw-redirect" title="Street Fighter II: The World Warrior">Street Fighter II</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fatal_Fury" title="Fatal Fury">Fatal Fury</a></i>, and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Art_of_Fighting" title="Art of Fighting">Art of Fighting</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Deathmatch_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deathmatch-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Engine">Engine</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Engine">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_engine" title="Doom engine">Doom engine</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:NeXTstation.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/NeXTstation.jpg/220px-NeXTstation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/NeXTstation.jpg/330px-NeXTstation.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/NeXTstation.jpg/440px-NeXTstation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="591" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:NeXTstation.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NeXTstation" title="NeXTstation">NeXTstation</a> computer</div></div></div>
<p><i>Doom</i> was programmed largely in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">ANSI C</a> programming language, with a few elements in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a>, targeting the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> platform by compiling with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Watcom_C/C%2B%2B" title="Watcom C/C++">Watcom C/C++</a> and using the included royalty-free <a href="/enwiki/wiki/80386" class="mw-redirect" title="80386">80386</a> DOS-extender.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> id developed on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a> computers running the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a> operating system.<sup id="cite_ref-CGWLight_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CGWLight-33">[33]</a></sup> The data used by the game engine, including level designs and graphics files, are stored in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_modding" title="Doom modding">WAD</a> files, short for "Where's All the Data?". This allows for any part of the design to be changed without needing to adjust the engine code. Carmack designed this system so fans could easily modify the game; he had been impressed by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mod_(video_games)" title="Mod (video games)">modifications</a> made by fans of <i>Wolfenstein 3D</i>, and wanted to support that with an easily swappable file structure along with releasing the map editor online.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD166_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD166-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p>Unlike <i>Wolfenstein</i>, which had flat levels with walls at right angles, the <i>Doom</i> engine allows for walls and floors at any angle or height, though two traversable areas cannot be on top of each other. The lighting system was based on adjusting the color palette of surfaces directly: rather than calculating how light traveled from light sources to surfaces using <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)" title="Ray tracing (graphics)">ray tracing</a>, the game calculates the light level of a small area based on its distance from light sources. It then modifies the color palette of that section's surface textures to mimic how dark it would look.<sup id="cite_ref-CGWLight_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CGWLight-33">[33]</a></sup> This same system is used to cause far away surfaces to look darker than close ones.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD124131_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD124131-22">[22]</a></sup> Romero came up with new ways to use Carmack's lighting engine such as strobe lights.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD124131_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD124131-22">[22]</a></sup> He programmed engine features such as switches and movable stairs and platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-GDC2011_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDC2011-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IGNvideo_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNvideo-20">[20]</a></sup> After Romero's complex level designs started to cause problems with the engine, Carmack began to use <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Binary_space_partitioning" title="Binary space partitioning">binary space partitioning</a> to quickly select the reduced portion of a level that the player could see at a given time.<sup id="cite_ref-GDC2011_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDC2011-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MOD132147_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD132147-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> Taylor programmed other features into the game, added <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cheat_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheat codes">cheat codes</a>; some, such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" id="" style="" dir="ltr">idspispopd</code>, were based on ideas their fans had submitted online while eagerly awaiting the game.<sup id="cite_ref-IGNvideo_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNvideo-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Spider_Mastermind_model.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Spider_Mastermind_model.jpg/220px-Spider_Mastermind_model.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Spider_Mastermind_model.jpg/330px-Spider_Mastermind_model.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Spider_Mastermind_model.jpg/440px-Spider_Mastermind_model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="447" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Spider_Mastermind_model.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Model of the Spider Mastermind</div></div></div>
<p>Adrian Carmack was the lead artist for <i>Doom</i>, with Kevin Cloud as an additional artist. They designed the monsters to be "nightmarish", with graphics that are realistic and dark instead of staged or rendered, so a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mixed_media" title="Mixed media">mixed media</a> approach was taken.<sup id="cite_ref-DSSS247_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSSS247-36">[36]</a></sup> The artists sculpted models of some of the enemies, and took pictures of them in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">stop motion</a> from five to eight different angles so that they could be rotated realistically in-game. The images were then digitized and converted to 2D characters with a program written by John Carmack.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD124131_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD124131-22">[22]</a></sup> Adrian Carmack made clay models for a few demons, and had <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregor_Punchatz" title="Gregor Punchatz">Gregor Punchatz</a> build latex and metal sculptures of the others.<sup id="cite_ref-GDC2011_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDC2011-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IGNvideo_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNvideo-20">[20]</a></sup> The weapons were made from combined parts of children's toys.<sup id="cite_ref-GDC2011_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDC2011-18">[18]</a></sup> The developers scanned themselves as well, using Cloud's arm for the marine's arm holding a gun, and Adrian's snakeskin boots and wounded knee for textures.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD124131_22-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD124131-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Music_and_sound">Music and sound</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Music and sound">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>As with <i>Wolfenstein 3D</i>, id hired composer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_Prince" title="Bobby Prince">Bobby Prince</a> to create the music and sound effects. Romero directed Prince to make the music in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">metal</a> styles. Many tracks were directly inspired by songs by metal bands such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alice_in_Chains" title="Alice in Chains">Alice in Chains</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pantera" title="Pantera">Pantera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD132147_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD132147-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Metal_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metal-37">[37]</a></sup> Prince believed that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient music</a> would be more appropriate, and produced numerous tracks in both styles in hope of convincing the team, and Romero incorporated both.<sup id="cite_ref-SDF5255_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDF5255-38">[38]</a></sup> Prince did not make music for specific levels, as they were composed before the levels were completed; instead, Romero assigned each track to each level late in development. Prince created the sound effects based on short descriptions or concept art of a monster or weapon, and adjusted them to match the completed animations.<sup id="cite_ref-PrinceDoom_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrinceDoom-39">[39]</a></sup> The monster sounds were created from animal noises, and Prince designed all the sounds to be distinct on the limited sound hardware of the time, even when many sounds were playing at once.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD132147_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD132147-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SDF5255_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDF5255-38">[38]</a></sup> He also designed the sound effects to play on different frequencies from those used for the MIDI music, so they would clearly cut through the music.<sup id="cite_ref-ComposersPlay4_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ComposersPlay4-40">[40]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Release">Release</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Release">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>With plans to self-publish, the team had to set up the systems to sell <i>Doom</i> as it neared completion. Jay Wilbur, who had been hired as CEO and sole member of the business team, planned the marketing and distribution of <i>Doom</i>. He believed that the mainstream press was uninterested in the game, and as id would make the most money off of copies they sold directly to customers—up to 85 percent of the planned <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$40</span> price—he decided to leverage the shareware market as much as possible, buying only a single ad in any gaming magazine. Instead, he reached out directly to software retailers, offering them copies of the first <i>Doom</i> episode for free, allowing them to charge any price for it, in order to spur customer interest in buying the full game directly from id.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD132147_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD132147-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p><p><i>Doom</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s original release date was the third quarter of 1993, which the team did not meet. By December 1993, the team was working non-stop on the game, with several employees sleeping at the office. Programmer Dave Taylor claimed that working on the game gave him such a rush that he would pass out from the intensity. Id began receiving calls from people interested in the game or angry that it had missed its planned release date, as hype for the game had been building online. At midnight on December 10, 1993, after working for 30 straight hours, the development team at id uploaded the first episode of the game to the Internet, letting interested players distribute it for them. So many users were connected to the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a> server that they planned to upload the game to, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a>, that even after the network administrator increased the number of connections while on the phone with Wilbur, id was unable to connect, forcing them to kick all other users off to allow id to upload the game. When the upload finished thirty minutes later, 10,000 people attempted to download the game at once, crashing the university's network.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD148153_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD148153-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>Within hours of <i>Doom</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s release, university networks were banning <i>Doom</i> multiplayer games, as a rush of players overwhelmed their systems.<sup id="cite_ref-MOD148153_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOD148153-30">[30]</a></sup> After being alerted by network administrators the morning after release that the game's deathmatch network connection setup was crippling some <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networks</a>, John Carmack quickly released a patch to change it, though many administrators had to implement <i>Doom</i>-specific rules to keep their networks from crashing due to the overwhelming traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-QuickPatch_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QuickPatch-41">[41]</a></sup>
</p><p>In late 1995, <i>Doom</i> was estimated to be installed on more computers worldwide than Microsoft's new operating system, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, even with Microsoft's million-dollar advertising campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-windows-95_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-windows-95-1">[1]</a></sup> In 1995, an expanded version of the game, <i>The Ultimate Doom</i>, was released, containing a fourth episode.<sup id="cite_ref-UltDoom_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UltDoom-42">[42]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ports">Ports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ports">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Doom_ports" title="List of Doom ports">List of Doom ports</a></div>
<p>Microsoft hired id Software to port Doom to Windows with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WinG" title="WinG">WinG</a> API,<sup id="cite_ref-cgw199407_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgw199407-43">[43]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> and Microsoft CEO <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> briefly considered buying the company.<sup id="cite_ref-mastersofdoom_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mastersofdoom-6">[6]</a></sup> Microsoft developed a Windows 95 port of <i>Doom</i> to promote Windows as a gaming platform. The development was led by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gabe_Newell" title="Gabe Newell">Gabe Newell</a>, who later founded the game company <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-windows-95_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-windows-95-1">[1]</a></sup> One Windows 95 promotional video had Gates digitally superimposed into the game.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup>
</p><p>An unofficial port of <i>Doom</i> to Linux was released by id programmer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dave_Taylor_(game_programmer)" title="Dave Taylor (game programmer)">Dave Taylor</a> in 1994; it was hosted by id but not supported or made official.<sup id="cite_ref-Doomlinux_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doomlinux-45">[45]</a></sup> Official ports were released for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/32X" title="32X">Sega 32X</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Atari Jaguar</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mac_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS">Mac OS</a> in 1994, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">SNES</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a> in 1995, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO</a> in 1996, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Sega Saturn</a> in 1997, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Acorn_Computers" title="Acorn Computers">Acorn</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Risc_PC" title="Risc PC">Risc PC</a> in 1998, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a> in 2001, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a> in 2006, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> in 2009, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a> in 2019. Notable exceptions in the list of official ports, as well as Linux, are <a href="/enwiki/wiki/AmigaOS" title="AmigaOS">AmigaOS</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IGNDoomVersions_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNDoomVersions-46">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DoomJaguar_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomJaguar-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DOOM3BFG_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOOM3BFG-48">[48]</a></sup> Some of these were bestsellers even many years after the initial release.<sup id="cite_ref-PSMags_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSMags-49">[49]</a></sup> <i>Doom</i> has also been ported unofficially to numerous platforms; so many ports exist, including for esoteric devices such as smart thermostats and oscilloscopes, that variations on "It runs <i>Doom</i>" or "Can it run <i>Doom</i>?" are long-running <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meme" title="Meme">memes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ItRunsDoom1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ItRunsDoom1-50">[50]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ItRunsDoom2_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ItRunsDoom2-51">[51]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ItRunsDoom3_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ItRunsDoom3-52">[52]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Mods">Mods</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mods">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The ability for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/User-generated_content" title="User-generated content">user-generated content</a> to provide custom levels and other game modifications using WAD files became a popular aspect of <i>Doom</i>. Gaining the first large <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mod_(video_games)" title="Mod (video games)">mod</a>-making community, <i>Doom</i> affected the culture surrounding first-person shooters, and also the industry. Several future professional <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Game designer">game designers</a> started their careers making <i>Doom</i> WADs as a hobby, such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tim_Willits" title="Tim Willits">Tim Willits</a>, who later became the lead designer at id Software.
</p><p>The first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Level_editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Level editor">level editors</a> appeared in early 1994, and additional tools have been created that allow most aspects of the game to be edited. Although the majority of WADs contain one or several custom levels mostly in the style of the original game, others implement new monsters and other resources, and heavily alter the gameplay. Several popular movies, television series, other video games and other brands from popular culture have been turned into <i>Doom</i> WADs by fans, including <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sailor_Moon" title="Sailor Moon">Sailor Moon</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dragon_Ball" title="Dragon Ball">Dragon Ball Z</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon" title="Pokémon">Pokémon</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beavis_and_Butt-head" class="mw-redirect" title="Beavis and Butt-head">Beavis and Butt-head</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></i>, and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sonic_the_Hedgehog" title="Sonic the Hedgehog">Sonic the Hedgehog</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SonicDoom_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SonicDoom-53">[53]</a></sup> Some works, like the <i>Theme Doom Patch</i>, combined enemies from several films, such as <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Predator_(film)" title="Predator (film)">Predator</a></i>, and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Terminator" title="The Terminator">The Terminator</a></i>. Some add-on files were also made that changed the sounds made by the various characters and weapons.
</p><p>From 1994 to 1995, WADs were primarily distributed online over <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">bulletin board systems</a> or sold in collections on compact discs in computer shops, sometimes bundled with editing guide books. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a> servers became the primary method in later years. A few WADs have been released commercially, including the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Master_Levels_for_Doom_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Levels for Doom II">Master Levels for Doom II</a></i>, which was released in 1995 along with <i>Maximum Doom</i>, a CD containing 1,830 WADs that had been downloaded from the Internet. The <i>idgames</i> FTP archive contains more than 18,000 files,<sup id="cite_ref-DoomWADFTP_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomWADFTP-54">[54]</a></sup> and this represents only a fraction of the complete output of <i>Doom</i> fans. Third-party programs were also written to handle the loading of various WADs, since all commands must be entered on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Command_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Command line">command line</a> to run. A typical launcher would allow the player to select which files to load from a menu, making it much easier to start. In 1995, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WizardWorks" title="WizardWorks">WizardWorks</a> released the <i>D!Zone</i> pack featuring hundreds of levels for <i>Doom</i> and <i>Doom II</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dragon217_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dragon217-55">[55]</a></sup> <i>D!Zone</i> was reviewed in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dragon_(magazine)" title="Dragon (magazine)">Dragon</a></i> by Jay & Dee; Jay gave the pack 1 out of 5 stars, and Dee gave the pack 1½ stars.<sup id="cite_ref-Dragon217_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dragon217-55">[55]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2016, Romero published two new <i>Doom</i> levels: E1M4b ("Phobos Mission Control") and E1M8b ("Tech Gone Bad").<sup id="cite_ref-NewLevels_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewLevels-56">[56]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RomeroLevels_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RomeroLevels-57">[57]</a></sup> In 2018, for the 25th anniversary of <i>Doom</i>, Romero announced <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sigil_(mod)" title="Sigil (mod)"><i>Sigil</i></a>, an unofficial Episode Five consisting of 9 missions.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup> It was released on May 22, 2019, with a soundtrack by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buckethead" title="Buckethead">Buckethead</a>. It was then released for free on May 31, with a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> soundtrack by James Paddock.<sup id="cite_ref-Sigil_Euro_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigil_Euro-59">[59]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Reception">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r997683098">.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 1em 1em;text-align:center;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .vgr-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .vgr-none{float:none;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .vgr-single{width:23em}.mw-parser-output .vgr-edit-on-wikidata{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-top:none;padding:0.2em;background:#d1dbdf;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews table{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;font-size:88%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews td,.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews th,.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews caption{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews caption{border-bottom:none;background:#d1dbdf;text-align:center;padding:0.2em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews th{background:#eaecf0}.mw-parser-output .vgr-awards 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class="video-game-reviews"><div class="vgr-title">Reception</div><table class="vgr-aggregators wikitable"><caption>Aggregate scores</caption><tbody><tr class="vgr-hrow"><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Aggregator</th><th scope="colgroup" colspan="7">Score</th></tr><tr><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Atari Jaguar</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">GBA</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Personal_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Computer">PC</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PS</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">SNES</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a></th></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameRankings" title="GameRankings">GameRankings</a></td><td></td><td>80%<sup id="cite_ref-GR-GBA_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-GBA-62">[62]</a></sup></td><td>83%<sup id="cite_ref-GR-iOS_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-iOS-64">[64]</a></sup></td><td></td><td>84%<sup id="cite_ref-GR-PS_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-PS-61">[61]</a></sup></td><td>54%<sup id="cite_ref-GR-SNES_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-SNES-60">[60]</a></sup></td><td>80%<sup id="cite_ref-GR-X360_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-X360-63">[63]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></td><td></td><td>81/100<sup id="cite_ref-MC-GBA_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MC-GBA-65">[65]</a></sup></td><td>84/100<sup id="cite_ref-MC-iOS_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MC-iOS-67">[67]</a></sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>82/100<sup id="cite_ref-MC-X360_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MC-X360-66">[66]</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="vgr-reviews wikitable"><caption class="vgr-stacked">Review scores</caption><tbody><tr class="vgr-hrow"><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Publication</th><th scope="colgroup" colspan="7">Score</th></tr><tr><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Atari Jaguar</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">GBA</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Personal_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Computer">PC</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PS</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">SNES</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a></th></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AllGame" class="mw-redirect" title="AllGame"><i>AllGame</i></a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="4/5 stars"><img alt="4/5 stars" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" title="4/5 stars" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span><sup id="cite_ref-Allgame_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allgame-68">[68]</a></sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computer_and_Video_Games" title="Computer and Video Games"><i>CVG</i></a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>93%<sup id="cite_ref-CVG148_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CVG148-69">[69]</a></sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dragon_(magazine)" title="Dragon (magazine)"><i>Dragon</i></a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="5/5 stars"><img alt="5/5 stars" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" title="5/5 stars" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span><sup id="cite_ref-Dragon203_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dragon203-70">[70]</a></sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edge_(magazine)" title="Edge (magazine)"><i>Edge</i></a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>7/10<sup id="cite_ref-Edge_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edge-71">[71]</a></sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GamesMaster_(magazine)" title="GamesMaster (magazine)"><i>GamesMaster</i></a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>90%<sup id="cite_ref-GR-PC_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-PC-73">[73]</a></sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot"><i>GameSpot</i></a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>9/10<sup id="cite_ref-Spot_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spot-72">[72]</a></sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)"><i>Next Generation</i></a></td><td><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="3/5 stars"><img alt="3/5 stars" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" title="3/5 stars" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span><sup id="cite_ref-NG_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG-74">[74]</a></sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Total!" title="Total!"><i>Total!</i></a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>93%<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/TouchArcade" title="TouchArcade"><i>TouchArcade</i></a></td><td></td><td></td><td><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="4/5 stars"><img alt="4/5 stars" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" title="4/5 stars" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span><sup id="cite_ref-TouchArcade_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TouchArcade-76">[76]</a></sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="vgr-awards wikitable"><caption class="vgr-stacked">Awards</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Publication</th><th scope="col">Award</th></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a></i></td><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_in_video_games" title="1994 in video games">1994 Game of the Year</a><sup id="cite_ref-cgw199406_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgw199406-77">[77]</a></sup><br />#5, 150 Best Games of All Time<sup id="cite_ref-cgw199611best_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgw199611best-78">[78]</a></sup><br />#3, 15 Most Innovative Computer Games<sup id="cite_ref-cgw199611mostinnovative_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgw199611mostinnovative-79">[79]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameSpy" title="GameSpy">GameSpy</a></td><td>#1, Top 50 Games of All Time<sup id="cite_ref-gamespy20010701_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamespy20010701-80">[80]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></td><td>#44, Top 100 Games of All Time (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-IGNtop100_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNtop100-81">[81]</a></sup><br />#39, Top 100 Games (2005)<sup id="cite_ref-IGNtop1002005_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNtop1002005-82">[82]</a></sup><br />#2, Top 100 Shooters<sup id="cite_ref-IGNtopshooters_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNtopshooters-83">[83]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Retro_Gamer" title="Retro Gamer">Retro Gamer</a></i></td><td>#9, Top Retro Games</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></td><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_canon" title="Game canon">Game canon</a><sup id="cite_ref-Joystiq_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joystiq-84">[84]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameTrailers" title="GameTrailers">GameTrailers</a></td><td>#1, Top Ten Breakthrough PC Games<sup id="cite_ref-gttopten_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gttopten-85">[85]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_Informer" title="Game Informer">Game Informer</a></i></td><td>#7, Top 200 Games of All Time<sup id="cite_ref-gi_best_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gi_best-86">[86]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">TIME</a></i></td><td>All-TIME 100 Video Games<sup id="cite_ref-AccoTimeAllTime_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AccoTimeAllTime-87">[87]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a></td><td>The Greatest Games of All Time<sup id="cite_ref-shoemaker20060131_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shoemaker20060131-88">[88]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PC_Gamer_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Gamer UK">PC Gamer UK</a></i></td><td>#3, Top 50 Games of All Time<sup id="cite_ref-pcgameruktop50_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcgameruktop50-89">[89]</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Commercial_performance">Commercial performance</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Commercial performance">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>With the release of <i>Doom</i>, millions of users installed the Shareware version on their computer and id Software quickly began making $100,000 daily (for $9 per copy).<sup id="cite_ref-ibt_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibt-90">[90]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NBCDoom_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBCDoom-91">[91]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandy_Petersen" title="Sandy Petersen">Sandy Petersen</a> later remarked that the game "sold a couple of hundred thousand copies during its first year or so", as piracy kept its initial sales from rising higher.<sup id="cite_ref-gamesthatchanged_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamesthatchanged-92">[92]</a></sup> Experts estimate that id sold approximately 2-3 million physical copies from its release through 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Armitage_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armitage-93">[93]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ibt_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibt-90">[90]</a></sup> According to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PC_Data" title="PC Data">PC Data</a>, which tracked sales in the United States, <i>Doom</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s shareware edition had yielded 1.36 million units sold and $8.74 million in revenue in the United States. This led <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PC_Data" title="PC Data">PC Data</a> to declare it the country's fourth-best-selling computer game for the period between January 1993 and April 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-1993-1998_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1993-1998-94">[94]</a></sup> The <i>Ultimate Doom</i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stock_keeping_unit" title="Stock keeping unit">SKU</a> reached sales of 787,397 units by September 1999. At the time, PC Data ranked them as the country's eighth- and 20th-best-selling computer games since January 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-alltimesales_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alltimesales-95">[95]</a></sup> In addition to its sales, the game's status as shareware dramatically increased its market penetration. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PC_Zone" title="PC Zone">PC Zone</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s David McCandless wrote that the game was played by "an estimated six million people across the globe",<sup id="cite_ref-gamesthatchanged_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamesthatchanged-92">[92]</a></sup> and other sources estimate that 10–20 million people played <i>Doom</i> within 24 months of its launch.<sup id="cite_ref-wargames_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wargames-96">[96]</a></sup>
</p><p><i>Doom</i> became a problem at workplaces, both occupying the time of employees and clogging computer networks. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cgw199403_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgw199403-97">[97]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lotus_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Development">Lotus Development</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> were among many organizations reported to form policies specifically disallowing <i>Doom</i>-playing during work hours. At the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> campus, <i>Doom</i> was by one account equal to a "religious phenomenon".<sup id="cite_ref-mastersofdoom_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mastersofdoom-6">[6]</a></sup> Doom was #1 on <i>Computer Gaming World</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s "Playing Lately?" survey for February 1994. One reader said that "No other game even compares to the addictiveness of NetDoom with four devious players! ... The only game I've stayed up 72+ straight hours to play", and another reported that "Linking four people together for a game of Doom is the quickest way to destroy a productive, boring evening of work".<sup id="cite_ref-cgw199404wh_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgw199404wh-98">[98]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Contemporary_reviews">Contemporary reviews</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Contemporary reviews">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Billdoom.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Billdoom.png/220px-Billdoom.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Billdoom.png/330px-Billdoom.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/b/b1/Billdoom.png 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="238" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Billdoom.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>To promote <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>, aware of the video game's popularity, showcased a video presentation while digitally superimposed into <i>Doom</i></div></div></div>
<p>Although Petersen said <i>Doom</i> was "nothing more than the computer equivalent of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whack-A-Mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Whack-A-Mole">Whack-A-Mole</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-schuytema199408_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schuytema199408-99">[99]</a></sup> <i>Doom</i> received critical acclaim and was widely praised in the gaming press, broadly considered to be one of the most important and influential titles in gaming history. Upon release, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GamesMaster" title="GamesMaster">GamesMaster</a></i> gave it a 90% rating.<sup id="cite_ref-GR-PC_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-PC-73">[73]</a></sup> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dragon_(magazine)" title="Dragon (magazine)">Dragon</a></i> gave it five stars, praising the improvements over <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wolfenstein_3D" title="Wolfenstein 3D">Wolfenstein 3D</a></i>, the "fast-moving <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up">shoot 'em up</a>" gameplay, and network play.<sup id="cite_ref-Dragon203_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dragon203-70">[70]</a></sup> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computer_and_Video_Games" title="Computer and Video Games">Computer and Video Games</a></i> gave the game a 93% rating, praising its atmosphere and stating that "the level of texture-mapped detail and the sense of scale is awe inspiring", but criticized the occasionally repetitive gameplay and considered the violence excessive.<sup id="cite_ref-CVG148_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CVG148-69">[69]</a></sup> A common criticism of <i>Doom</i> was that it was not a true 3D game, since the game engine did not allow corridors and rooms to be stacked on top of one another (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Room-over-room" class="mw-redirect" title="Room-over-room">room-over-room</a>), and instead relied on graphical trickery to make it appear that the player character and enemies were moving along differing elevations.<sup id="cite_ref-NotTrue3D_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NotTrue3D-100">[100]</a></sup>
</p><p><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a></i> stated in February 1994 that <i>Wolfenstein 3D</i> fans should "look forward to a delight of insomnia", and "Since networking is supported, bring along a friend to share in the visceral delights".<sup id="cite_ref-cgw199402_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgw199402-101">[101]</a></sup> A longer review in March 1994 said that <i>Doom</i> "was worth the wait ... a wonderfully involved and engaging game", and its technology "a new benchmark" for the gaming industry. The reviewer praised the "simply <i>dazzling</i>" graphics", and reported that "DeathMatches may be the most intense gaming experience available today". While criticizing the "ho-hum endgame" with a too-easy <a href="/enwiki/wiki/End_boss" class="mw-redirect" title="End boss">end boss</a>, he concluded that <i>Doom</i> "is a virtuoso performance".<sup id="cite_ref-walker199403_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walker199403-102">[102]</a></sup>
</p><p><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edge_(magazine)" title="Edge (magazine)">Edge</a></i> praised the graphics and levels but criticized the "simple 3D perspective <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maze_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Maze game">maze</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Action-adventure_game" title="Action-adventure game">adventure/shoot 'em up</a>" gameplay. The review concluded: "You’lI be longing for something new in this game. If only you could talk to these creatures, then perhaps you could try and make friends with them, form alliances... Now, that would be interesting."<sup id="cite_ref-Edge_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edge-71">[71]</a></sup> The sentiment attracted widespread mockery, and "if only you could talk to these creatures" became a running joke in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_game_culture" title="Video game culture">video game culture</a>. A 2016 piece in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Business_Times" title="International Business Times">International Business Times</a></i> defended the sentiment, saying it anticipated the dialogue systems of games such as <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Skyrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyrim">Skyrim</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mass_Effect" title="Mass Effect">Mass Effect</a></i>, and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Undertale" title="Undertale">Undertale</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1994, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PC_Gamer_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Gamer UK">PC Gamer UK</a></i> named <i>Doom</i> the third best computer game of all time. The editors wrote: "Although it's only been around for a couple of months, <i>Doom</i> has already done more to establish the PC's arcade clout than any other title in gaming history."<sup id="cite_ref-pcgameruktop50_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcgameruktop50-89">[89]</a></sup> In 1994 <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a></i> named <i>Doom</i> Game of the Year.<sup id="cite_ref-cgw199406_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgw199406-77">[77]</a></sup> The game has been <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Official_versions_of_Doom#Consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="Official versions of Doom">ported to numerous console gaming platforms</a> both domestically and abroad where it maintained its popularity, receiving generally favorable critical reception.<sup id="cite_ref-GR-JG_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-JG-104">[104]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GR-PS_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-PS-61">[61]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GR-GBA_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR-GBA-62">[62]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Retrospective_reception">Retrospective reception</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Retrospective reception">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In 1995, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a></i> said it was "The most talked about PC game ever – and with good reason. Running on a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Intel_80486" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80486">486</a> machine (essential for maximum effect), <i>Doom</i> took PC graphics to a totally new level of speed, detail, and realism, and provided a genuinely scary degree of immersion in the gameworld."<sup id="cite_ref-DoomRealism_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomRealism-105">[105]</a></sup> In 1996, <i>Computer Gaming World</i> named it the fifth best video game of all time,<sup id="cite_ref-cgw199611best_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgw199611best-78">[78]</a></sup> and the third most-innovative game.<sup id="cite_ref-cgw199611mostinnovative_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgw199611mostinnovative-79">[79]</a></sup> In 1998, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PC_Gamer" title="PC Gamer">PC Gamer</a></i> declared it the 34th-best computer game ever released, and the editors called it "Probably the most imitated game of all time, <i>Doom</i> continued what <i>Wolfenstein 3D</i> began and elevated the fledgling 3D-shooter genre to blockbuster status".<sup id="cite_ref-pcgtop50_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcgtop50-106">[106]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2001, <i>Doom</i> was voted the number one game of all time in a poll among over 100 game developers and journalists conducted by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameSpy" title="GameSpy">GameSpy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gamespy20010701_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamespy20010701-80">[80]</a></sup> In 2003, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a> ranked it as the 44th top video game of all time and also called it "<i>the</i> breakthrough game of 1993", adding: "Its arsenal of powerful guns (namely the shotgun and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BFG_(weapon)" title="BFG (weapon)">BFG</a>), intense level of gore and perfect balance of adrenaline-soaked action and exploration kept this gamer riveted for years."<sup id="cite_ref-IGNtop100_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNtop100-81">[81]</a></sup> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PC_Gamer" title="PC Gamer">PC Gamer</a></i> proclaimed <i>Doom</i> the most influential game of all time in its ten-year anniversary issue in April 2004.
</p><p>In 2004, readers of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Retro_Gamer" title="Retro Gamer">Retro Gamer</a></i> voted <i>Doom</i> as the ninth top retro game, with the editors commenting: "Only a handful of games can claim that they've changed the gaming world, and <i>Doom</i> is perhaps the most qualified of them all."<sup id="cite_ref-retrogamer2004_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-retrogamer2004-107">[107]</a></sup> In 2005, IGN ranked it as the 39th top game.<sup id="cite_ref-IGNtop1002005_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNtop1002005-82">[82]</a></sup> On March 12, 2007, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported that <i>Doom</i> was named to a list of the ten most important video games of all time, the so-called <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_canon" title="Game canon">game canon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chaplin20070312_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chaplin20070312-108">[108]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> took up this video game preservation proposal and began with the games from this list.<sup id="cite_ref-Joystiq_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joystiq-84">[84]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DG-Interview_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DG-Interview-109">[109]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2009, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameTrailers" title="GameTrailers">GameTrailers</a> ranked <i>Doom</i> as the number one "breakthrough PC game".<sup id="cite_ref-gttopten_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gttopten-85">[85]</a></sup> That year <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_Informer" title="Game Informer">Game Informer</a></i> put <i>Doom</i> sixth on the magazine's list of the top 200 games of all time, stating that it gave "the genre the kick start it needed to rule the gaming landscape two decades later".<sup id="cite_ref-gi_best_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gi_best-86">[86]</a></sup> <i>Game Informer</i> staff also put it sixth on their 2001 list of the 100 best games ever.<sup id="cite_ref-GameInformer_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameInformer-110">[110]</a></sup> IGN included <i>Doom</i> at 2nd place in the <i>Top 100 Video Game Shooters of all Time</i>, just behind <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Half-Life_(video_game)" title="Half-Life (video game)">Half-Life</a></i>, citing the game's "feel of running and gunning", memorable weapons and enemies, pure and simple fun, and its spreading on nearly every gaming platform in existence.<sup id="cite_ref-IGNtopshooters_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNtopshooters-83">[83]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2012, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> named it one of the 100 greatest video games of all time as "it established the look and feel of later shooters as surely as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PARC_(company)" title="PARC (company)">PARC</a> established the rules of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtual_desktop" title="Virtual desktop">virtual desktop</a>", adding that "its impact also owes a lot to the gonzo horror sensibility of its designers, including John Romero, who showed a bracing lack of restraint in their deployment of gore and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satanic</a> iconography".<sup id="cite_ref-AccoTimeAllTime_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AccoTimeAllTime-87">[87]</a></sup> Including <i>Doom</i> on the list of the greatest games of all time, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a> wrote that "despite its numerous appearances in other formats and on other media, longtime fans will forever remember the original 1993 release of <i>Doom</i> as the beginning of a true revolution in action gaming".<sup id="cite_ref-shoemaker20060131_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shoemaker20060131-88">[88]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2021, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a></i> listed <i>Doom</i> as the third best game in the series, behind <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_II" title="Doom II"><i>Doom 2</i></a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(2016_video_game)" title="Doom (2016 video game)"><i>Doom (2016)</i></a>. They said that the gameplay "still holds up", but argued it was inferior to <i>Doom 2</i> due to the latter's improved enemy variety.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-111">[111]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Controversies">Controversies</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_banned_video_games" title="List of banned video games">List of banned video games</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Doom_gibs.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/Doom_gibs.png/220px-Doom_gibs.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/Doom_gibs.png/330px-Doom_gibs.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/c/c8/Doom_gibs.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="264" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Doom_gibs.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>Doom</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> intense level of graphic violence made the game highly controversial, as seen in the gory effects of a rocket hitting a group of enemies.</div></div></div>
<p><i>Doom</i> was notorious for its high levels of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graphic_violence" title="Graphic violence">graphic violence</a><sup id="cite_ref-DoomViolence_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomViolence-112">[112]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">satanic</a> imagery, which generated controversy from a broad range of groups. <i>Doom</i> for the Genesis 32X was one of the first video games to be given an M for Mature rating from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Entertainment_Software_Rating_Board" title="Entertainment Software Rating Board">Entertainment Software Rating Board</a> due to its violent gore and nature.<sup id="cite_ref-DoomMature_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomMature-113">[113]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yahoo!_Games" title="Yahoo! Games">Yahoo! Games</a> listed it as one of the top ten most controversial games of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-DoomYahoo_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomYahoo-114">[114]</a></sup> It was criticized by religious organizations for its diabolic undertones and was dubbed a "mass murder simulator" by critic and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Killology" class="mw-redirect" title="Killology">Killology</a> Research Group founder <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dave_Grossman_(author)" title="Dave Grossman (author)">David Grossman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DoomKillology_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomKillology-115">[115]</a></sup> <i>Doom</i> prompted fears that the then-emerging <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a> technology could be used to simulate extremely realistic killing.
</p><p>The game again sparked controversy in the United States when it was found that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Harris_and_Dylan_Klebold" title="Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold">Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold</a>, who committed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Columbine_High_School_massacre" title="Columbine High School massacre">Columbine High School massacre</a> on April 20, 1999, were avid players of the game. While planning for the massacre, Harris said in his journal that the killing would be "like playing <i>Doom</i>", and "it'll be like the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots" title="1992 Los Angeles riots">LA riots</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing" title="Oklahoma City bombing">Oklahoma bombing</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duke_Nukem_3D" title="Duke Nukem 3D">Duke Nukem</a></i> and <i>Doom</i> all mixed together", and that his shotgun was "straight out of the game".<sup id="cite_ref-DoomHighSchool_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomHighSchool-116">[116]</a></sup> A rumor spread afterwards that Harris had designed a <i>Doom</i> level that looked like the high school, populated with representations of Harris's classmates and teachers, and that he practiced for the shootings by playing the level repeatedly. Although Harris did design custom <i>Doom</i> levels (which later became known as the "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_modding#Miscellaneous" title="Doom modding">Harris levels</a>"), none have been found to be based on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Columbine_High_School" title="Columbine High School">Columbine High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SnopesHarrisLevels_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SnopesHarrisLevels-117">[117]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the earliest release versions, the level E1M4: Command Control contains a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a>-shaped structure, which was put in as a homage to <i>Wolfenstein 3D</i>. The swastika was removed in later versions; according to Romero, the change was done out of respect after id Software received a complaint from a military veteran.<sup id="cite_ref-IGNvideo_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGNvideo-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Doom_franchise"><i>Doom</i> franchise</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Doom franchise">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(franchise)" title="Doom (franchise)">Doom (franchise)</a></div>
<p><i>Doom</i> has appeared in several forms in addition to video games, including a <i>Doom</i> comic book, four novels by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dafydd_Ab_Hugh" class="mw-redirect" title="Dafydd Ab Hugh">Dafydd Ab Hugh</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brad_Linaweaver" title="Brad Linaweaver">Brad Linaweaver</a> (loosely based on events and locations in the games), a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom:_The_Boardgame" title="Doom: The Boardgame"><i>Doom</i> board game</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(film)" title="Doom (film)">a live-action film</a> starring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Karl_Urban" title="Karl Urban">Karl Urban</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dwayne_Johnson" title="Dwayne Johnson">The Rock</a> released in 2005. The game's development and impact on popular culture is the subject of the book <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Masters_of_Doom" title="Masters of Doom">Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture</a></i> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Kushner" title="David Kushner">David Kushner</a>.
</p><p>The <i>Doom</i> series remained dormant between 1997 and 2000, when <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_3" title="Doom 3">Doom 3</a></i> was finally announced. A retelling of the original <i>Doom</i> using entirely new graphics technology and a slower paced survival horror approach, <i>Doom 3</i> was hyped to provide as large a leap in realism and interactivity as the original game and helped renew interest in the franchise when it was released in 2004, under the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Id_Tech_4" title="Id Tech 4">id Tech 4</a> game engine.
</p><p>The series again remained dormant for 10 years until a reboot, simply titled <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(2016_video_game)" title="Doom (2016 video game)"><i>Doom</i></a> and running on the new <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Id_Tech_6" title="Id Tech 6">id Tech 6</a>, was announced with a beta access to players that had pre-ordered <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wolfenstein:_The_New_Order" title="Wolfenstein: The New Order">Wolfenstein: The New Order</a></i>. The game held its closed alpha multiplayer testing in October 2015, as closed and open beta access ran during March to April 2016. Returning to the series' roots in fast-paced action and minimal storytelling, the full game eventually released worldwide on May 13, 2016. The project initially started as <i>Doom 4</i> in May 2008, set to be a remake of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_II" title="Doom II">Doom II: Hell on Earth</a></i> and ditching the survival horror aspect of <i>Doom 3</i>. Development completely restarted as id's Tim Willits remarked that <i>Doom 4</i> was "lacking the personality of the long-running shooter franchise".<sup id="cite_ref-mtv_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mtv-118">[118]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Clones">Clones</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Clones">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">First-person shooter</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Doom_clone_vs_first_person_shooter.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Doom_clone_vs_first_person_shooter.png/220px-Doom_clone_vs_first_person_shooter.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Doom_clone_vs_first_person_shooter.png/330px-Doom_clone_vs_first_person_shooter.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Doom_clone_vs_first_person_shooter.png/440px-Doom_clone_vs_first_person_shooter.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="720" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Doom_clone_vs_first_person_shooter.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>By 1998, the phrase "first-person shooter" had firmly superseded "<i>Doom</i> clone".</div></div></div>
<p><i>Doom</i> was influential and dozens of new first-person shooter games appeared following <i>Doom</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s release, often referred to as "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_clone" class="mw-redirect" title="Doom clone"><i>Doom</i> clones</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-111">[111]</a></sup> The term was initially popular, and after 1996, gradually replaced by "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">first-person shooter</a>", which had firmly superseded around 1998. Some of these were cheap <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clone_(computing)" title="Clone (computing)">clones</a>, hastily assembled and quickly forgotten, and others explored new grounds of the genre with high acclaim. Many of <i>Doom</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s closely imitated features include the selection of weapons and cheat codes. Some successors include <a href="/enwiki/wiki/3D_Realms" title="3D Realms">Apogee</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rise_of_the_Triad" title="Rise of the Triad">Rise of the Triad</a></i> (based on the <i>Wolfenstein 3D</i> engine) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Looking_Glass_Studios" title="Looking Glass Studios">Looking Glass Studios</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/System_Shock" title="System Shock">System Shock</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The popularity of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i>-themed WADs is rumored to have been the factor that prompted <a href="/enwiki/wiki/LucasArts" title="LucasArts">LucasArts</a> to create their first-person shooter <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dark_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Forces">Dark Forces</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-DoomClones_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomClones-119">[119]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <i>Doom</i> game engine <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_engine" title="Doom engine">id Tech 1</a> was licensed by id Software to several other companies, who released their own games using the technology, including <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heretic_(video_game)" title="Heretic (video game)">Heretic</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hexen:_Beyond_Heretic" title="Hexen: Beyond Heretic">Hexen: Beyond Heretic</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Strife_(1996_video_game)" title="Strife (1996 video game)">Strife: Quest for the Sigil</a></i>, and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_modding#Total_conversions" title="Doom modding">Hacx: Twitch 'n Kill</a></i>. A <i>Doom</i>-based game called <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chex_Quest" title="Chex Quest">Chex Quest</a></i> was released in 1996 by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ralston_Foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralston Foods">Ralston Foods</a> as a promotion to increase cereal sales,<sup id="cite_ref-DoomChex_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomChex-120">[120]</a></sup> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> produced <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Doom" title="Marine Doom">Marine Doom</a></i> as a training tool, later released to the public.
</p><p>When <a href="/enwiki/wiki/3D_Realms" title="3D Realms">3D Realms</a> released <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duke_Nukem_3D" title="Duke Nukem 3D">Duke Nukem 3D</a></i> in 1996, a tongue-in-cheek science fiction shooter based on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ken_Silverman" title="Ken Silverman">Ken Silverman</a>'s technologically similar <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Build_(game_engine)" title="Build (game engine)"><i>Build</i> engine</a>, id Software had nearly finished developing <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quake_(video_game)" title="Quake (video game)">Quake</a></i>, its next-generation game, which mirrored <i>Doom</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s success for much of the remainder of the 1990s and reduced interest in its predecessor (Wolfenstein 3D).
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Community">Community</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Community">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In addition to the thrilling nature of the single-player game, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deathmatch" title="Deathmatch">deathmatch</a> mode was an important factor in the game's popularity. <i>Doom</i> was not the first first-person shooter with a deathmatch mode; <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maze_War" title="Maze War">Maze War</a></i>, an FPS released in 1974, was running multiplayer deathmatch over <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">ethernet</a> on Xerox computers by 1977. The widespread distribution of PC systems and the violence in <i>Doom</i> made deathmatching particularly attractive. Two-player multiplayer was possible over a phone line by using a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modem</a>, or by linking two PCs with a null-modem cable. Because of its widespread distribution, <i>Doom</i> hence became the game that introduced deathmatching to a large audience and was also the first game to use the term "deathmatch".<sup id="cite_ref-Deathmatchterm_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deathmatchterm-121">[121]</a></sup>
</p><p>Although the popularity of the <i>Doom</i> games dropped with the release of more modern first-person shooters, the game still retains a strong fan base that continues to this day by playing competitively and creating WADs, and <i>Doom</i>-related news is still tracked at multiple websites such as Doomworld. Interest in <i>Doom</i> was renewed in 1997, when the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_engine" title="Doom engine"><i>Doom</i> engine</a> was released (it was also placed under the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU GPL-2.0-or-later</a> on October 3, 1999). Fans then began <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Porting" title="Porting">porting</a> the game to various operating systems, even to previously unsupported platforms such as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dreamcast" title="Dreamcast">Dreamcast</a>. As for the PC, over 50 different <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Doom_source_ports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Doom source ports"><i>Doom</i> source ports</a> have been developed. New features such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OpenGL" title="OpenGL">OpenGL</a> rendering and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripting</a> allow WADs to alter the gameplay more radically.
</p><p>Devoted players have spent years creating <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Speedrun" title="Speedrun">speedruns</a> for <i>Doom</i>, competing for the quickest completion times of individual levels and the whole game and sharing knowledge about routes through the levels and how to exploit <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Software_bug" title="Software bug">bugs</a> in the <i>Doom</i> engine for shortcuts. <i>Doom</i> was one of the first games to have a speedrunning community, which has remained active up until the present day. A record speedrun on E1M1, the first level in the game, was achieved in September 1998, and took 20 years and “tens of thousands of futile attempts” in order to be surpassed.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></sup> Achievements include the completion of both <i>Doom</i> and <i>Doom II</i> on the "Ultra-Violence" difficulty setting in less than 30 minutes each. In addition, a few players have also managed to complete <i>Doom II</i> in a single run on the difficulty setting "Nightmare!", on which monsters are more aggressive, launch faster projectiles (or, in the case of the Pinky Demon, simply move faster), and respawn roughly 30 seconds after they have been killed (level designer John Romero characterized the idea of such a run as "[just having to be] impossible").<sup id="cite_ref-DoomNightmare_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomNightmare-124">[124]</a></sup> Movies of most of these runs are available from the COMPET-N website.<sup id="cite_ref-DoomCOMPET-N_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoomCOMPET-N-125">[125]</a></sup>
</p><p>Online co-op and deathmatch play are still continued on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Doom_source_ports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Doom source ports">fan-created services</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-windows-95-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-windows-95_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-windows-95_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-windows-95_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSebastian_Anthony2013" class="citation news cs1">Sebastian Anthony (September 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/167253-gabe-newell-made-windows-a-viable-gaming-platform-and-linux-is-next?origref=">"Gabe Newell Made Windows a Viable Gaming Platform, and Linux Is Next"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ExtremeTech" title="ExtremeTech">ExtremeTech</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035701/http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/167253-gabe-newell-made-windows-a-viable-gaming-platform-and-linux-is-next?origref=">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gabe+Newell+Made+Windows+a+Viable+Gaming+Platform%2C+and+Linux+Is+Next&rft.date=2013-09-24&rft.au=Sebastian+Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.extremetech.com%2Fgaming%2F167253-gabe-newell-made-windows-a-viable-gaming-platform-and-linux-is-next%3Forigref%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGach2019" class="citation web cs1">Gach, Ethan (July 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/earlier-this-morning-listings-for-the-original-doom-do-1836729154">"Looks Like The Original Doom Games Are Coming To Switch As Soon As Today [Update]"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=Looks+Like+The+Original+Doom+Games+Are+Coming+To+Switch+As+Soon+As+Today+%5BUpdate%5D&rft.date=2019-07-26&rft.aulast=Gach&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Fearlier-this-morning-listings-for-the-original-doom-do-1836729154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Switch_Release-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Switch_Release_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Switch_Release_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCraddock2019" class="citation web cs1">Craddock, Ryan (July 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2019/07/the_original_doom_doom_ii_and_doom_3_have_all_surprise_launched_on_nintendo_switch">"The Original DOOM, DOOM II And DOOM 3 Have All Surprise Launched On Nintendo Switch"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nintendo_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Life">Nintendo Life</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nintendo+Life&rft.atitle=The+Original+DOOM%2C+DOOM+II+And+DOOM+3+Have+All+Surprise+Launched+On+Nintendo+Switch&rft.date=2019-07-26&rft.aulast=Craddock&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendolife.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F07%2Fthe_original_doom_doom_ii_and_doom_3_have_all_surprise_launched_on_nintendo_switch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-GBA_Release-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GBA_Release_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GameShark_Magazine_Holiday_2001">"GBA Top 10 Games - 2001"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameShark" title="GameShark">GameShark</a></i>. No. Holiday. December 2001. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GameShark_Magazine_Holiday_2001/page/n81">69</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GameShark&rft.atitle=GBA+Top+10+Games+-+2001&rft.issue=Holiday&rft.pages=69&rft.date=2001-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGameShark_Magazine_Holiday_2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DoomVirtualWorlds-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomVirtualWorlds_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKeizer1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Keizer, Gregg (April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ElectronicEntertainment04Apr1994/page/n97">"Virtual Worlds - Doom"</a>. <i>Electronic Entertainment</i>. No. 4. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Data_Group" title="International Data Group">IDG</a>. p. 94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Entertainment&rft.atitle=Virtual+Worlds+-+Doom&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=94&rft.date=1994-04&rft.aulast=Keizer&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FElectronicEntertainment04Apr1994%2Fpage%2Fn97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-mastersofdoom-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mastersofdoom_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mastersofdoom_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mastersofdoom_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKushner,_David2003" class="citation book cs1">Kushner, David (2003). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Masters_of_Doom:_How_Two_Guys_Created_an_Empire_and_Transformed_Pop_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture"><i>Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture</i></a>. Random House Publishing Group. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50524-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50524-9"><bdi>978-0-375-50524-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masters+of+Doom%3A+How+Two+Guys+Created+an+Empire+and+Transformed+Pop+Culture&rft.pub=Random+House+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-375-50524-9&rft.au=Kushner%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DoomCheat-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomCheat_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/the-10-greatest-cheat-codes-in-gaming-history/doom-god-mode">"The 10 Greatest Cheat Codes in Gaming HistoryDoom: God Mode"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170717235009/http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/the-10-greatest-cheat-codes-in-gaming-history/doom-god-mode">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+10+Greatest+Cheat+Codes+in+Gaming+HistoryDoom%3A+God+Mode&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.complex.com%2Fpop-culture%2F2011%2F11%2Fthe-10-greatest-cheat-codes-in-gaming-history%2Fdoom-god-mode&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DoomAchieve-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomAchieve_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gamerant.com/doom-ps4-xbox-one-achievements-trophies-list/">"DOOM PS4 Trophies List Revealed"</a>. May 3, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022033652/https://gamerant.com/doom-ps4-xbox-one-achievements-trophies-list/">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOOM+PS4+Trophies+List+Revealed&rft.date=2016-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgamerant.com%2Fdoom-ps4-xbox-one-achievements-trophies-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DoomExtreme-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomExtreme_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/172489-doom-the-original-and-best-first-person-shooter-is-20-years-old-today">"Doom, the original and best first-person shooter, is 20 years old today - ExtremeTech"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022032734/https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/172489-doom-the-original-and-best-first-person-shooter-is-20-years-old-today">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doom%2C+the+original+and+best+first-person+shooter%2C+is+20+years+old+today+-+ExtremeTech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.extremetech.com%2Fgaming%2F172489-doom-the-original-and-best-first-person-shooter-is-20-years-old-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DoomWorld-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomWorld_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doomworld.com/pageofdoom/cheat.html">"The Page of Doom: The Cheats"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160911224647/http://www.doomworld.com/pageofdoom/cheat.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Page+of+Doom%3A+The+Cheats&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doomworld.com%2Fpageofdoom%2Fcheat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFTranscripts_from_printed_manuals_by_Ledmeister" class="citation web cs1">Transcripts from printed manuals by Ledmeister. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicdoom.com/doomtext.htm#doom">"DOOMTEXT.HTM: Storylines for Doom, Doom II, Final Doom, Doom 64"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOOMTEXT.HTM%3A+Storylines+for+Doom%2C+Doom+II%2C+Final+Doom%2C+Doom+64&rft.au=Transcripts+from+printed+manuals+by+Ledmeister&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicdoom.com%2Fdoomtext.htm%23doom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CGWHallofFame-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CGWHallofFame_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGWHallofFame_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFComputer_Gaming_World" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160727152017/http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=8&cId=3139081#77">"CGW's Hall of Fame"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1UP.com" class="mw-redirect" title="1UP.com">1UP.com</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=8&cId=3139081#77">the original</a> on July 27, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1UP.com&rft.atitle=CGW%27s+Hall+of+Fame&rft.au=Computer+Gaming+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Fdo%2Ffeature%3Fpager.offset%3D8%26cId%3D3139081%2377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-VGB-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VGB_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Video Game Bible, 1985-2002</i>, p. 53</span>
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<li id="cite_note-AGGreview-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AGGreview_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson" class="citation web cs1">Williamson, Colin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141115011724/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11717&tab=review">"Wolfenstein 3D DOS Review"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AllGame" class="mw-redirect" title="AllGame">AllGame</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_Media_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="All Media Network">All Media Network</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11717&tab=review">the original</a> on November 15, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllGame&rft.atitle=Wolfenstein+3D+DOS+Review&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allgame.com%2Fgame.php%3Fid%3D11717%26tab%3Dreview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-IGN100-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGN100_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160419044602/http://top100.ign.com/2003/91-100.html">"IGN's Top 100 Games (2003)"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://top100.ign.com/2003/91-100.html">the original</a> on April 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=IGN%27s+Top+100+Games+%282003%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftop100.ign.com%2F2003%2F91-100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-WIREDretro-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WIREDretro_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFShachtman2008" class="citation journal cs1">Shachtman, Noah (May 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111025220612/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/05/dayintech_0505">"May 5, 1992: Wolfenstein 3-D Shoots the First-Person Shooter Into Stardom"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast" title="Condé Nast">Condé Nast</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/05/dayintech_0505">the original</a> on October 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=May+5%2C+1992%3A+Wolfenstein+3-D+Shoots+the+First-Person+Shooter+Into+Stardom&rft.date=2008-05-08&rft.aulast=Shachtman&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fscience%2Fdiscoveries%2Fnews%2F2008%2F05%2Fdayintech_0505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-MOD118121-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MOD118121_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD118121_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Masters of Doom</i>, pp. 118–121</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GDC2011-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GDC2011_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDC2011_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDC2011_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDC2011_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDC2011_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDC2011_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDC2011_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDC2011_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDC2011_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDC2011_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDC2011_18-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Romero" title="John Romero">Romero, John</a>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Hall" title="Tom Hall">Hall, Tom</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1014627/Classic-Game-Postmortem"><i>Classic Game Postmortem – Doom</i></a> (Video). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_Developers_Conference" title="Game Developers Conference">Game Developers Conference</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806110612/http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1014627/Classic-Game-Postmortem">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classic+Game+Postmortem+%E2%80%93+Doom&rft.pub=Game+Developers+Conference&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gdcvault.com%2Fplay%2F1014627%2FClassic-Game-Postmortem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-MonsterId-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MonsterId_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAntoniades2013" class="citation web cs1">Antoniades, Alexander (August 22, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/198783/monsters_from_the_id_the_making_.php?page=3">"Monsters from the Id: The Making of Doom"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gamasutra" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UBM_plc" title="UBM plc">UBM</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025431/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/198783/monsters_from_the_id_the_making_.php?page=3">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gamasutra&rft.atitle=Monsters+from+the+Id%3A+The+Making+of+Doom&rft.date=2013-08-22&rft.aulast=Antoniades&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Ffeature%2F198783%2Fmonsters_from_the_id_the_making_.php%3Fpage%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-IGNvideo-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IGNvideo_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGNvideo_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGNvideo_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGNvideo_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGNvideo_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGNvideo_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/videos/2013/12/10/we-play-doom-with-john-romero">"We Play Doom with John Romero"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. December 10, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052825/http://www.ign.com/videos/2013/12/10/we-play-doom-with-john-romero">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=We+Play+Doom+with+John+Romero&rft.date=2013-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Fvideos%2F2013%2F12%2F10%2Fwe-play-doom-with-john-romero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MOD122123-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MOD122123_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Masters of Doom</i>, pp. 122–123</span>
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<li id="cite_note-MOD124131-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MOD124131_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD124131_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD124131_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD124131_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD124131_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD124131_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD124131_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD124131_22-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD124131_22-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD124131_22-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD124131_22-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Masters of Doom</i>, pp. 124–131</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-MCV-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MCV_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MCV_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBatchelor2015" class="citation web cs1">Batchelor, James (January 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcvuk.com/development/video-john-romero-reveals-level-design-secrets-while-playing-doom">"Video: John Romero reveals level design secrets while playing Doom"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MCV_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="MCV (magazine)">MCV</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NewBay_Media" title="NewBay Media">NewBay Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180202211209/https://www.mcvuk.com/development/video-john-romero-reveals-level-design-secrets-while-playing-doom">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MCV&rft.atitle=Video%3A+John+Romero+reveals+level+design+secrets+while+playing+Doom&rft.date=2015-01-26&rft.aulast=Batchelor&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcvuk.com%2Fdevelopment%2Fvideo-john-romero-reveals-level-design-secrets-while-playing-doom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DoomHorizon-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomHorizon_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/Game_Players_PC_Entertainment_Volume_6_Issue_3_May_1993#page/n11">"On the Horizon"</a>. <i>Game Players PC Entertainment</i>. Vol. 6 no. 3. GP Publications. May 1993. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Game+Players+PC+Entertainment&rft.atitle=On+the+Horizon&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1993-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FGame_Players_PC_Entertainment_Volume_6_Issue_3_May_1993%23page%2Fn11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DSSS249250-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DSSS249250_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Official DOOM Survivor's Strategies and Secrets</i>, pp. 249–250</span>
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<li id="cite_note-MattChat-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MattChat_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Romero" title="John Romero">Romero, John</a>; Barton, Matt (March 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgb8UxBb7og"><i>Matt Chat 53: Doom with John Romero</i></a> (Video). Matt Barton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124213821/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgb8UxBb7og">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Matt+Chat+53%3A+Doom+with+John+Romero&rft.pub=Matt+Barton&rft.date=2010-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dwgb8UxBb7og&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Petersen-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Petersen_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBub2002" class="citation web cs1">Bub, Andrew S. (July 10, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050322042740/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/august02/gencon/petersen/">"Sandy Petersen Speaks"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameSpy" title="GameSpy">GameSpy</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/august02/gencon/petersen/">the original</a> on March 22, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpy&rft.atitle=Sandy+Petersen+Speaks&rft.date=2002-07-10&rft.aulast=Bub&rft.aufirst=Andrew+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.gamespy.com%2Farticles%2Faugust02%2Fgencon%2Fpetersen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MOD132147-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MOD132147_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD132147_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD132147_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD132147_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD132147_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD132147_28-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Masters of Doom</i>, pp. 132–147</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-RomeroGDC-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RomeroGDC_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Romero" title="John Romero">Romero, John</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1023765/The-Early-Days-of-id"><i>The Early Days of id Software</i></a> (Video). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Game_Developers_Conference" title="Game Developers Conference">Game Developers Conference</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707180922/http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1023765/The-Early-Days-of-id">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Early+Days+of+id+Software&rft.pub=Game+Developers+Conference&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gdcvault.com%2Fplay%2F1023765%2FThe-Early-Days-of-id&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MOD148153-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MOD148153_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD148153_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOD148153_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Masters of Doom</i>, pp. 148–153</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Deathmatch-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Deathmatch_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Atari to Zelda</i>, pp. 201–203</span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.filfre.net/2020/06/the-shareware-scene-part-4-doom/">https://www.filfre.net/2020/06/the-shareware-scene-part-4-doom/</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CGWLight-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CGWLight_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGWLight_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSchuytema1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Schuytema, Paul C. (August 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121">"The Lighter Side of Doom"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a></i>. No. 121. pp. 140–142. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0744-6667">0744-6667</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102213537/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Gaming+World&rft.atitle=The+Lighter+Side+of+Doom&rft.issue=121&rft.pages=140-142&rft.date=1994-08&rft.issn=0744-6667&rft.aulast=Schuytema&rft.aufirst=Paul+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgwmuseum.org%2Fgalleries%2Findex.php%3Fyear%3D1994%26pub%3D2%26id%3D121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MOD166-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MOD166_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Masters of Doom</i>, p. 166</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHutchison2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hutchison, Andrew (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/10418">"Making the water move: techno-historic limits in the game aesthetics of Myst and Doom"</a>. <i>Game Studies</i>. <b>8</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Game+Studies&rft.atitle=Making+the+water+move%3A+techno-historic+limits+in+the+game+aesthetics+of+Myst+and+Doom.&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Hutchison&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fespace.curtin.edu.au%2Fhandle%2F20.500.11937%2F10418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DSSS247-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DSSS247_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Official DOOM Survivor's Strategies and Secrets</i>, p. 247</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Metal-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Metal_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRomero2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Romero" title="John Romero">Romero, John</a> (April 19, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130901172238/http://rome.ro/smf/index.php?PHPSESSID=984131ae5ed449a17e102eaa99b04487&topic=4060.0">"Influences on Doom Music"</a>. rome.ro. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rome.ro/smf/index.php?PHPSESSID=984131ae5ed449a17e102eaa99b04487&topic=4060.0">the original</a> on September 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Influences+on+Doom+Music&rft.pub=rome.ro&rft.date=2005-04-19&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frome.ro%2Fsmf%2Findex.php%3FPHPSESSID%3D984131ae5ed449a17e102eaa99b04487%26topic%3D4060.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SDF5255-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SDF5255_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SDF5255_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Doom: Scarydarkfast</i>, pp. 52–55</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-PrinceDoom-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PrinceDoom_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPrince2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Prince_(video_game_composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Prince (video game composer)">Prince, Bobby</a> (December 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bobbyprincemusic.blogspot.com/2010/12/deciding-where-to-place-musicsound.html">"Deciding Where To Place Music/Sound Effects In A Game"</a>. Bobby Prince Music. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812183456/http://bobbyprincemusic.blogspot.com/2010/12/deciding-where-to-place-musicsound.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deciding+Where+To+Place+Music%2FSound+Effects+In+A+Game&rft.pub=Bobby+Prince+Music&rft.date=2010-12-29&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbobbyprincemusic.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F12%2Fdeciding-where-to-place-musicsound.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ComposersPlay4-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ComposersPlay4_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PRGzvSbZcI"><span class="plainlinks">Composers Play - "Doom" Coop with Bobby Prince! - Part 4</span></a> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-QuickPatch-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-QuickPatch_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFTotilo2013" class="citation web cs1">Totilo, Steven (December 10, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/memories-of-doom-by-john-romero-john-carmack-1480437464">"Memories Of Doom, By John Romero & John Carmack"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Univision_Communications" title="Univision Communications">Univision Communications</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181015002852/https://kotaku.com/memories-of-doom-by-john-romero-john-carmack-1480437464">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=Memories+Of+Doom%2C+By+John+Romero+%26+John+Carmack&rft.date=2013-12-10&rft.aulast=Totilo&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Fmemories-of-doom-by-john-romero-john-carmack-1480437464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-UltDoom-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UltDoom_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeuxvideo.com/jeux/pc/00001017-the-ultimate-doom-thy-flesh-consumed.htm">"The Ultimate Doom: Thy Flesh Consumed"</a> (in French). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeuxvideo.com" title="Jeuxvideo.com">Jeuxvideo.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171104114112/http://www.jeuxvideo.com/jeux/pc/00001017-the-ultimate-doom-thy-flesh-consumed.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+Doom%3A+Thy+Flesh+Consumed&rft.pub=Jeuxvideo.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeuxvideo.com%2Fjeux%2Fpc%2F00001017-the-ultimate-doom-thy-flesh-consumed.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-cgw199407-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cgw199407_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWilsonBrownLombardiWeksler1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Wilson, Johnny L.; Brown, Ken; Lombardi, Chris; Weksler, Mike; Coleman, Terry (July 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=120">"The Designer's Dilemma: The Eighth Computer Game Developers Conference"</a>. <i>Computer Gaming World</i>. pp. 26–31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116132532/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=120">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Gaming+World&rft.atitle=The+Designer%27s+Dilemma%3A+The+Eighth+Computer+Game+Developers+Conference&rft.pages=26-31&rft.date=1994-07&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Johnny+L.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Ken&rft.au=Lombardi%2C+Chris&rft.au=Weksler%2C+Mike&rft.au=Coleman%2C+Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgwmuseum.org%2Fgalleries%2Findex.php%3Fyear%3D1994%26pub%3D2%26id%3D120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLombardo,_Mike" class="citation web cs1">Lombardo, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091002034515/http://www.reelsplatter.com/doommedia.html">"Bonus movie: Bill Gates "DOOM" video"</a>. Reel Splatter. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reelsplatter.com/doommedia.html">the original</a> on October 2, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bonus+movie%3A+Bill+Gates+%22DOOM%22+video&rft.pub=Reel+Splatter&rft.au=Lombardo%2C+Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reelsplatter.com%2Fdoommedia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Doomlinux-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doomlinux_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1994" class="citation newsgroup cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dave_Taylor_(game_programmer)" title="Dave Taylor (game programmer)">Taylor, Dave</a> (September 9, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech-insider.org/linux/research/1994/0909-f.html">"Linux DOOM for X released"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.os.linux.announce">comp.os.linux.announce</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Usenet_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet (identifier)">Usenet:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:ann-13210.779119772@cs.cornell.edu">ann-13210.779119772@cs.cornell.edu</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170328100641/http://tech-insider.org/linux/research/1994/0909-f.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linux+DOOM+for+X+released&rft.pub=comp.os.linux.announce&rft.date=1994-09-09&rft_id=news%3Aann-13210.779119772%40cs.cornell.edu%23id-name%3DUsenet%3A&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech-insider.org%2Flinux%2Fresearch%2F1994%2F0909-f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-IGNDoomVersions-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGNDoomVersions_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/games/doom/pc-3285">"Doom (1993) – PC"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170430180656/http://www.ign.com/games/doom/pc-3285">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Doom+%281993%29+%E2%80%93+PC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Fgames%2Fdoom%2Fpc-3285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DoomJaguar-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomJaguar_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHawken2017" class="citation book cs1">Hawken, Kieren (September 2, 2017). "Doom". <i>The A-Z of Atari Jaguar Games – Volume 1</i>. Andrews UK. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78538-734-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78538-734-0"><bdi>978-1-78538-734-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Doom&rft.btitle=The+A-Z+of+Atari+Jaguar+Games+%E2%80%93+Volume+1&rft.pub=Andrews+UK&rft.date=2017-09-02&rft.isbn=978-1-78538-734-0&rft.aulast=Hawken&rft.aufirst=Kieren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DOOM3BFG-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DOOM3BFG_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCobbett2012" class="citation web cs1">Cobbett, Richard (August 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcgamer.com/doom-3-shines-flashlight-on-the-lost-mission-and-doesnt-even-need-to-put-down-its-gun/">"Doom 3 shines flashlight on The Lost Mission (And doesn't even need to put down its gun!)"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PC_Gamer" title="PC Gamer">PC Gamer</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150225032753/http://www.pcgamer.com/doom-3-shines-flashlight-on-the-lost-mission-and-doesnt-even-need-to-put-down-its-gun/">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer&rft.atitle=Doom+3+shines+flashlight+on+The+Lost+Mission+%28And+doesn%27t+even+need+to+put+down+its+gun%21%29&rft.date=2012-08-03&rft.aulast=Cobbett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Fdoom-3-shines-flashlight-on-the-lost-mission-and-doesnt-even-need-to-put-down-its-gun%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-PSMags-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PSMags_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gallup UK PlayStation sales chart, April 1996, published in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Official_UK_PlayStation_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Official UK PlayStation Magazine">Official UK PlayStation Magazine</a> issue 5</span>
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<li id="cite_note-ItRunsDoom1-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ItRunsDoom1_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2003/01/but-can-it-run-doom/">"But Can It Run Doom?"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast" title="Condé Nast">Condé Nast</a>. January 1, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170429090150/http://www.wired.com/2003/01/but-can-it-run-doom/">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=But+Can+It+Run+Doom%3F&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2003%2F01%2Fbut-can-it-run-doom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ItRunsDoom2-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ItRunsDoom2_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHurley2017" class="citation web cs1">Hurley, Leon (May 15, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamesradar.com/12-things-that-prove-that-doom-will-run-on-literally-anything/">"Watch Doom running on an ATM, a printer... and 10 other weird, non-gaming machines"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GamesRadar%2B" title="GamesRadar+">GamesRadar+</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170718222638/http://www.gamesradar.com/12-things-that-prove-that-doom-will-run-on-literally-anything/">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesRadar%2B&rft.atitle=Watch+Doom+running+on+an+ATM%2C+a+printer...+and+10+other+weird%2C+non-gaming+machines&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.aulast=Hurley&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesradar.com%2F12-things-that-prove-that-doom-will-run-on-literally-anything%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ItRunsDoom3-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ItRunsDoom3_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPetitte2016" class="citation web cs1">Petitte, Omri (February 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcgamer.com/pianos-printers-and-other-weird-things-you-can-play-doom-on/">"Pianos, printers, and other surprising things you can play Doom on"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PC_Gamer" title="PC Gamer">PC Gamer</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006064443/http://www.pcgamer.com/pianos-printers-and-other-weird-things-you-can-play-doom-on/">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer&rft.atitle=Pianos%2C+printers%2C+and+other+surprising+things+you+can+play+Doom+on&rft.date=2016-02-02&rft.aulast=Petitte&rft.aufirst=Omri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Fpianos-printers-and-other-weird-things-you-can-play-doom-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-SonicDoom-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SonicDoom_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSonic_Retro2013" class="citation web cs1">Sonic Retro (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012043444/http://www.sonicretro.org/2013/06/fan-game-frenzy-sonic-doom-ii-bots-on-mobius/">"Sonic Doom II – Bots on Mobious"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonicretro.org/2013/06/fan-game-frenzy-sonic-doom-ii-bots-on-mobius/">the original</a> on October 12, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sonic+Doom+II+%E2%80%93+Bots+on+Mobious&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Sonic+Retro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonicretro.org%2F2013%2F06%2Ffan-game-frenzy-sonic-doom-ii-bots-on-mobius%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DoomWADFTP-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomWADFTP_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDoomworld" class="citation web cs1">Doomworld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140528180311/http://www.doomworld.com/idgames/">"/idgames database"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doomworld.com/idgames/">the original</a> on May 28, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%2Fidgames+database&rft.au=Doomworld&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doomworld.com%2Fidgames%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Dragon217-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dragon217_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dragon217_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFJay_&_Dee1995" class="citation journal cs1">Jay & Dee (May 1995). "Eye of the Monitor". <i>Dragon</i> (217): 65–74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dragon&rft.atitle=Eye+of+the+Monitor&rft.issue=217&rft.pages=65-74&rft.date=1995-05&rft.au=Jay+%26+Dee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NewLevels-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NewLevels_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polygon.com/2016/4/26/11512788/john-romero-new-doom-level-free-download">"John Romero's new Doom level is a tease for his next project"</a>. <i>Polygon</i>. April 26, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160704014611/http://www.polygon.com/2016/4/26/11512788/john-romero-new-doom-level-free-download">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=John+Romero%27s+new+Doom+level+is+a+tease+for+his+next+project&rft.date=2016-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2016%2F4%2F26%2F11512788%2Fjohn-romero-new-doom-level-free-download&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-RomeroLevels-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RomeroLevels_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polygon.com/2016/1/15/10776094/john-romero-doom-level-free-download">"You can download John Romero's first new Doom level in 21 years right now"</a>. <i>Polygon</i>. January 15, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161014193709/http://www.polygon.com/2016/1/15/10776094/john-romero-doom-level-free-download">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=You+can+download+John+Romero%27s+first+new+Doom+level+in+21+years+right+now&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2016%2F1%2F15%2F10776094%2Fjohn-romero-doom-level-free-download&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.romerogames.ie/si6il">"Download SIGIL"</a>. <i>Romero Games</i>. May 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Romero+Games&rft.atitle=Download+SIGIL&rft.date=2019-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.romerogames.ie%2Fsi6il&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Sigil_Euro-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sigil_Euro_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWales" class="citation web cs1">Wales, Matt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2019-05-31-john-romeros-unofficial-fifth-doom-episode-sigil-is-finally-out">"John Romero's free, unofficial fifth Doom episode Sigil is finally here"</a>. <i>Eurogamer</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer&rft.atitle=John+Romero%27s+free%2C+unofficial+fifth+Doom+episode+Sigil+is+finally+here&rft.aulast=Wales&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2F2019-05-31-john-romeros-unofficial-fifth-doom-episode-sigil-is-finally-out&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-GR-SNES-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR-SNES_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamerankings.com/snes/588285-doom/index.html">"Doom for Super Nintendo"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameRankings" title="GameRankings">GameRankings</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180812213336/https://www.gamerankings.com/snes/588285-doom/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameRankings&rft.atitle=Doom+for+Super+Nintendo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamerankings.com%2Fsnes%2F588285-doom%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-GR-PS-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GR-PS_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR-PS_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamerankings.com/ps/919060-doom/index.html">"Doom for PlayStation"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameRankings" title="GameRankings">GameRankings</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160718070703/http://www.gamerankings.com/ps/919060-doom/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameRankings&rft.atitle=Doom+for+PlayStation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamerankings.com%2Fps%2F919060-doom%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-GR-GBA-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GR-GBA_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GR-GBA_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamerankings.com/gba/531288-doom/index.html">"Doom for Game Boy Advance"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameRankings" title="GameRankings">GameRankings</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160718070734/http://www.gamerankings.com/gba/531288-doom/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameRankings&rft.atitle=Doom+for+Game+Boy+Advance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamerankings.com%2Fgba%2F531288-doom%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-GR-X360-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR-X360_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/935829-doom/index.html">"Doom for Xbox 360"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameRankings" title="GameRankings">GameRankings</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813004232/https://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/935829-doom/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameRankings&rft.atitle=Doom+for+Xbox+360&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamerankings.com%2Fxbox360%2F935829-doom%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-GR-iOS-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR-iOS_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamerankings.com/iphone/978641-doom-classic/index.html">"Doom Classic for iOS (iPhone/iPad)"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GameRankings" title="GameRankings">GameRankings</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180812213330/https://www.gamerankings.com/iphone/978641-doom-classic/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameRankings&rft.atitle=Doom+Classic+for+iOS+%28iPhone%2FiPad%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamerankings.com%2Fiphone%2F978641-doom-classic%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MC-GBA-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MC-GBA_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metacritic.com/game/game-boy-advance/doom">"Doom for Game Boy Advance Reviews"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180921033742/https://www.metacritic.com/game/game-boy-advance/doom">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=Doom+for+Game+Boy+Advance+Reviews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fgame%2Fgame-boy-advance%2Fdoom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MC-X360-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MC-X360_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/doom">"Doom for Xbox 360 Reviews"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703032205/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/doom">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=Doom+for+Xbox+360+Reviews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fgame%2Fxbox-360%2Fdoom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MC-iOS-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MC-iOS_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metacritic.com/game/ios/doom-classic">"Doom Classic for iPhone/iPad Reviews"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180717045343/http://www.metacritic.com/game/ios/doom-classic">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=Doom+Classic+for+iPhone%2FiPad+Reviews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fgame%2Fios%2Fdoom-classic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-pcgameruktop50-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pcgameruktop50_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pcgameruktop50_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFStaff1994" class="citation journal cs1">Staff (April 1994). "The <i>PC Gamer</i> Top 50 PC Games of All Time". <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PC_Gamer_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Gamer UK">PC Gamer UK</a></i> (5): 43–56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer+UK&rft.atitle=The+PC+Gamer+Top+50+PC+Games+of+All+Time&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=43-56&rft.date=1994-04&rft.au=Staff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ibt-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ibt_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibt_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/doom-turns-20-we-take-look-games-history-1505336">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Doom' Turns 20: We Take A Look at the Game's History"</a>. <i>International Business Times</i>. December 12, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817133651/http://www.ibtimes.com/doom-turns-20-we-take-look-games-history-1505336">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=%27Doom%27+Turns+20%3A+We+Take+A+Look+at+the+Game%27s+History&rft.date=2013-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fdoom-turns-20-we-take-look-games-history-1505336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NBCDoom-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NBCDoom_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFColdewey,_David2013" class="citation web cs1">Coldewey, David (December 10, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/technolog/knee-deep-history-20-years-doom-2D11722313">"Knee deep in history: 20 years of "Doom<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Knee+deep+in+history%3A+20+years+of+%22Doom%22&rft.date=2013-12-10&rft.au=Coldewey%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Ftechnolog%2Fknee-deep-history-20-years-doom-2D11722313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-gamesthatchanged-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gamesthatchanged_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gamesthatchanged_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMcCandless,_David2002" class="citation web cs1">McCandless, David (June 12, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709175704/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=58157">"Games That Changed The World: <i>Doom</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PC_Zone" title="PC Zone">PC Zone</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerandvideogames.com:80/article.php?id=58157">the original</a> on July 9, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Zone&rft.atitle=Games+That+Changed+The+World%3A+Doom&rft.date=2002-06-12&rft.au=McCandless%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerandvideogames.com%3A80%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D58157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Armitage-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Armitage_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFArmitage,_GrenvilleClaypool,_MarkBranch,_Philip2006" class="citation book cs1">Armitage, Grenville; Claypool, Mark; Branch, Philip (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=znUoeG5ulvQC&q=doom+copies+sold&pg=PA14"><i>Networking and Online Games: Understanding and Engineering Multiplayer Internet Games</i></a>. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons. p. 14. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0470030461" title="Special:BookSources/0470030461"><bdi>0470030461</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221020129/https://books.google.com/books?id=znUoeG5ulvQC&lpg=PA14&dq=doom%20copies%20sold&pg=PA14">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Networking+and+Online+Games%3A+Understanding+and+Engineering+Multiplayer+Internet+Games&rft.place=Chichester%2C+England&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0470030461&rft.au=Armitage%2C+Grenville&rft.au=Claypool%2C+Mark&rft.au=Branch%2C+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DznUoeG5ulvQC%26q%3Ddoom%2Bcopies%2Bsold%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-1993-1998-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1993-1998_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Player Stats: Top 10 Best-Selling Games, 1993 – Present". <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a></i>. No. 170. September 1998. p. 52. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0744-6667">0744-6667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Gaming+World&rft.atitle=Player+Stats%3A+Top+10+Best-Selling+Games%2C+1993+%E2%80%93+Present&rft.issue=170&rft.pages=52&rft.date=1998-09&rft.issn=0744-6667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-alltimesales-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alltimesales_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFIGN_Staff1999" class="citation web cs1">IGN Staff (November 1, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000302112243/http://pc.ign.com/news/11728.html">"PC Data Top Games of All Time"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pc.ign.com:80/news/11728.html">the original</a> on March 2, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=PC+Data+Top+Games+of+All+Time&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.au=IGN+Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpc.ign.com%3A80%2Fnews%2F11728.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-wargames-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wargames_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDunnigan,_James_F.2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Dunnigan" title="Jim Dunnigan">Dunnigan, James F.</a> (January 3, 2000). <i>Wargames Handbook, Third Edition: How to Play and Design Commercial and Professional Wargames</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IUniverse" title="IUniverse">Writers Club Press</a>. pp. 14–17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wargames+Handbook%2C+Third+Edition%3A+How+to+Play+and+Design+Commercial+and+Professional+Wargames&rft.pages=14-17&rft.pub=Writers+Club+Press&rft.date=2000-01-03&rft.au=Dunnigan%2C+James+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-cgw199403-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cgw199403_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=116">"Intel Bans Doom!"</a>. <i>Computer Gaming World</i>. March 1994. p. 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171110115305/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=116">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Gaming+World&rft.atitle=Intel+Bans+Doom%21&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1994-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgwmuseum.org%2Fgalleries%2Findex.php%3Fyear%3D1994%26pub%3D2%26id%3D116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-cgw199404wh-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cgw199404wh_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=117">"What You've Been Playing Lately"</a>. What's Hot. <i>Computer Gaming World</i>. April 1994. p. 184. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171111041726/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=117">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Gaming+World&rft.atitle=What+You%27ve+Been+Playing+Lately&rft.pages=184&rft.date=1994-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgwmuseum.org%2Fgalleries%2Findex.php%3Fyear%3D1994%26pub%3D2%26id%3D117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-schuytema199408-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schuytema199408_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSchuytema1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Schuytema, Paul C. (August 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121">"The Lighter Side Of Doom"</a>. <i>Computer Gaming World</i>. pp. 140, 142. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102213537/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Gaming+World&rft.atitle=The+Lighter+Side+Of+Doom&rft.pages=140%2C+142&rft.date=1994-08&rft.aulast=Schuytema&rft.aufirst=Paul+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgwmuseum.org%2Fgalleries%2Findex.php%3Fyear%3D1994%26pub%3D2%26id%3D121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NotTrue3D-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NotTrue3D_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The First Pictures". <i>Maximum: The Video Game Magazine</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emap_International_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Emap International Limited">Emap International Limited</a> (1): 134–5. October 1995. <q>Doom was criticised for not being a true 3D product – in fact, it's best described as 2.5D (if you will) because although each level could be staged at various heights, it was impossible to stack two corridors on top of one another in any given stage.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maximum%3A+The+Video+Game+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+First+Pictures&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=134-5&rft.date=1995-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebests.kotaku.com/lets-rank-all-the-doom-games-from-worst-to-best-1846753672">"Let's Rank All The Doom Games, From Worst To Best"</a>. <i>Kotaku</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=Let%27s+Rank+All+The+Doom+Games%2C+From+Worst+To+Best&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebests.kotaku.com%2Flets-rank-all-the-doom-games-from-worst-to-best-1846753672&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DoomKillology-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomKillology_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFIrvine,_ReedKincaid,_Cliff1999" class="citation web cs1">Irvine, Reed; Kincaid, Cliff (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005011325/http://www.aim.org/media_monitor/A3327_0_2_0_C/">"Video Games Can Kill"</a>. Accuracy in Media. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aim.org/media_monitor/A3327_0_2_0_C/">the original</a> on October 5, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video+Games+Can+Kill&rft.pub=Accuracy+in+Media&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Irvine%2C+Reed&rft.au=Kincaid%2C+Cliff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aim.org%2Fmedia_monitor%2FA3327_0_2_0_C%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DoomHighSchool-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomHighSchool_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREF4–20:_a_Columbine_site" class="citation web cs1">4–20: a Columbine site. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060223025846/http://columbine.free2host.net/quotes.html">"Basement Tapes: quotes and transcripts from Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold's video tapes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://columbine.free2host.net/quotes.html">the original</a> on February 23, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basement+Tapes%3A+quotes+and+transcripts+from+Eric+Harris+and+Dylan+Klebold%27s+video+tapes&rft.au=4%E2%80%9320%3A+a+Columbine+site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcolumbine.free2host.net%2Fquotes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SnopesHarrisLevels-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SnopesHarrisLevels_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMikkelson2005" class="citation web cs1">Mikkelson, Barbara (January 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-harris-levels/">"Columbine Doom Levels"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snopes" title="Snopes">Snopes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snopes&rft.atitle=Columbine+Doom+Levels&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.aulast=Mikkelson&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Ffact-check%2Fthe-harris-levels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-mtv-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mtv_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104102655/http://multiplayerblog.mtv.com/2013/08/05/id-software-and-bethesdas-cancelled-doom-4-just-wasnt-doom-enough">"id Software and Bethesda's Cancelled 'Doom 4' Just Wasn't 'Doom' Enough"</a>. Multiplayerblog.mtv.com. August 5, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multiplayerblog.mtv.com/2013/08/05/id-software-and-bethesdas-cancelled-doom-4-just-wasnt-doom-enough">the original</a> on November 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=id+Software+and+Bethesda%27s+Cancelled+%27Doom+4%27+Just+Wasn%27t+%27Doom%27+Enough&rft.pub=Multiplayerblog.mtv.com&rft.date=2013-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmultiplayerblog.mtv.com%2F2013%2F08%2F05%2Fid-software-and-bethesdas-cancelled-doom-4-just-wasnt-doom-enough&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DoomClones-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomClones_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFTurner,_BenjaminBowen,_Kevin2003" class="citation web cs1">Turner, Benjamin; Bowen, Kevin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127062845/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/december03/doom/clones/index2.shtml">"Bringin' in the DOOM Clones"</a>. GameSpy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/december03/doom/clones/index2.shtml">the original</a> on January 27, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bringin%27+in+the+DOOM+Clones&rft.pub=GameSpy&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Turner%2C+Benjamin&rft.au=Bowen%2C+Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.gamespy.com%2Farticles%2Fdecember03%2Fdoom%2Fclones%2Findex2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DoomChex-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomChex_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHouse" class="citation web cs1">House, Michael L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=14300&tab=overview">"Chex Quest – Overview"</a>. allgame. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141117060730/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=14300&tab=overview">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chex+Quest+%E2%80%93+Overview&rft.pub=allgame&rft.aulast=House&rft.aufirst=Michael+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allgame.com%2Fgame.php%3Fid%3D14300%26tab%3Doverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Deathmatchterm-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Deathmatchterm_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGestalt1999" class="citation web cs1">Gestalt (December 29, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2000_3">"Games of the Millennium"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122828/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2000_3">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer&rft.atitle=Games+of+the+Millennium&rft.date=1999-12-29&rft.au=Gestalt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2F2000_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMartin" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trustedreviews.com/news/doom-speedrun-world-record-3694694">"21 years after being set, the world record for speedrunning Doom's first level has been bested"</a>. <i>Trusted Reviews</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trusted+Reviews&rft.atitle=21+years+after+being+set%2C+the+world+record+for+speedrunning+Doom%27s+first+level+has+been+bested&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trustedreviews.com%2Fnews%2Fdoom-speedrun-world-record-3694694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWalker" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Alex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kotaku.com.au/2019/04/doom-speedrun-world-record-broken-after-20-years/">"Insanely Difficult DOOM Record Beaten After 20 Years"</a>. <i>Kotaku Australia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku+Australia&rft.atitle=Insanely+Difficult+DOOM+Record+Beaten+After+20+Years&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kotaku.com.au%2F2019%2F04%2Fdoom-speedrun-world-record-broken-after-20-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DoomNightmare-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomNightmare_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHegyi,_Adam1992" class="citation web cs1">Hegyi, Adam (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203221826/http://www.doom.com.hr/index.php?page=compet-n_players&player_id=101">"Player profile for Thomas "Panter" Pilger"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doom.com.hr/index.php?page=compet-n_players&player_id=101">the original</a> on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Player+profile+for+Thomas+%22Panter%22+Pilger&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Hegyi%2C+Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doom.com.hr%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dcompet-n_players%26player_id%3D101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DoomCOMPET-N-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoomCOMPET-N_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140519230448/http://www.doom.com.hr/compet-n/">"C O M P E T – N"</a>. Doom.com.hr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doom.com.hr/compet-n/">the original</a> on May 19, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C+O+M+P+E+T+%E2%80%93+N&rft.pub=Doom.com.hr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doom.com.hr%2Fcompet-n%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFConsalvo2016" class="citation book cs1">Consalvo, Mia (2016). <i>Atari to Zelda: Japan's Videogames in Global Contexts</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-03439-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-03439-5"><bdi>978-0-262-03439-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atari+to+Zelda%3A+Japan%27s+Videogames+in+Global+Contexts&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-262-03439-5&rft.aulast=Consalvo&rft.aufirst=Mia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPinchbeck2013" class="citation book cs1">Pinchbeck, Dan (2013). <i>Doom: Scarydarkfast</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-05191-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-05191-5"><bdi>978-0-472-05191-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doom%3A+Scarydarkfast&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-472-05191-5&rft.aulast=Pinchbeck&rft.aufirst=Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKushner2004" class="citation book cs1">Kushner, David (2004). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Masters_of_Doom" title="Masters of Doom"><i>Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7215-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7215-3"><bdi>978-0-8129-7215-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masters+of+Doom%3A+How+Two+Guys+Created+an+Empire+and+Transformed+Pop+Culture&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-7215-3&rft.aulast=Kushner&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMendoza1994" class="citation book cs1">Mendoza, Jonathan (1994). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/officialdoomsurv00mend"><i>The Official DOOM Survivor's Strategies and Secrets</i></a></span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">Sybex</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7821-1546-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7821-1546-8"><bdi>978-0-7821-1546-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+DOOM+Survivor%27s+Strategies+and+Secrets&rft.pub=Sybex&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7821-1546-8&rft.aulast=Mendoza&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fofficialdoomsurv00mend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSlaven2002" class="citation book cs1">Slaven, Andy (2002). <i>Video Game Bible, 1985-2002</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trafford_Publishing" title="Trafford Publishing">Trafford Publishing</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55369-731-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55369-731-2"><bdi>978-1-55369-731-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Video+Game+Bible%2C+1985-2002&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-55369-731-2&rft.aulast=Slaven&rft.aufirst=Andy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Doom_(1993_video_game)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mobygames.com/game/doom"><i>Doom</i></a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MobyGames" title="MobyGames">MobyGames</a></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRichard_H._"Hank"_Leukart,_III1994" class="citation web cs1">Richard H. "Hank" Leukart, III (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731110523/http://www.gamers.org/docs/FAQ/doomfaq/">"The "Official" Doom FAQ"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamers.org/docs/FAQ/doomfaq/">the original</a> on July 31, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%22Official%22+Doom+FAQ&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Richard+H.+%22Hank%22+Leukart%2C+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamers.org%2Fdocs%2FFAQ%2Fdoomfaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoom+%281993+video+game%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
<div class="noprint metadata navbox" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0 0"><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:EC1835_C_cut.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/18px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/27px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/35px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:1990s" title="Portal:1990s">1990s portal</a></span></li><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Solar_system.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/17px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="21" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/26px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/34px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></a></span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System portal</a></span></li><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Dragon-149393.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/20px-Dragon-149393.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/31px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/41px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a></span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction portal</a></span></li><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="13" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:WPVG_icon_2016.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/21px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/32px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/42px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></a></span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Video_games" title="Portal:Video games">Video games portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Doom_franchise" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Doom_series" title="Template:Doom series"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Doom_series" title="Template talk:Doom series"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Doom_series&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Doom_franchise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(franchise)" title="Doom (franchise)"><i>Doom</i> franchise</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main series</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doom</a></i> (1993)
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Doom_ports" title="List of Doom ports">ports</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Development_of_Doom" title="Development of Doom">development</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_II" title="Doom II">Doom II</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Final_Doom" title="Final Doom">Final Doom</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_64" title="Doom 64">Doom 64</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_3" title="Doom 3">Doom 3</a></i>
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_3:_Resurrection_of_Evil" title="Doom 3: Resurrection of Evil">Resurrection of Evil</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_3:_BFG_Edition" title="Doom 3: BFG Edition">BFG Edition</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(2016_video_game)" title="Doom (2016 video game)">Doom</a></i> (2016)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_Eternal" title="Doom Eternal">Doom Eternal</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spin-offs</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_RPG" title="Doom RPG">Doom RPG</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_Resurrection" title="Doom Resurrection">Doom Resurrection</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_II_RPG" title="Doom II RPG">Doom II RPG</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Id_Software" title="Id Software">id Software</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midway_Games" title="Midway Games">Midway Games</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nightdive_Studios" title="Nightdive Studios">Nightdive Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nerve_Software" title="Nerve Software">Nerve Software</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/TeamTNT" title="TeamTNT">TeamTNT</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Escalation_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalation Studios">Escalation Studios</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(novel_series)" title="Doom (novel series)"><i>Doom</i> novels</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_3:_Worlds_on_Fire" title="Doom 3: Worlds on Fire">Doom 3: Worlds on Fire</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_3:_Maelstrom" title="Doom 3: Maelstrom">Doom 3: Maelstrom</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Masters_of_Doom" title="Masters of Doom">Masters of Doom</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom:_The_Boardgame" title="Doom: The Boardgame">Doom: The Boardgame</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_(film)" title="Doom (film)">Doom (film)</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom:_Annihilation" title="Doom: Annihilation">Doom: Annihilation</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/BFG_(weapon)" title="BFG (weapon)">BFG 9000</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyberdemon" title="Cyberdemon">Cyberdemon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doomguy" title="Doomguy">Doomguy</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_engine" title="Doom engine"><i>Doom</i> engine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Binary_space_partitioning" title="Binary space partitioning">Binary space partitioning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Id_Tech" title="Id Tech">id Tech</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mods</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doom_modding" title="Doom modding"><i>Doom</i> modding</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloom_(mod)" title="Bloom (mod)">Bloom</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brutal_Doom" title="Brutal Doom">Brutal Doom</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cacowards" title="Cacowards">Cacowards</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DeHackEd" title="DeHackEd">DeHackEd</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grezzo_2" title="Grezzo 2">Grezzo 2</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Doom" title="Marine Doom">Marine Doom</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sigil_(mod)" title="Sigil (mod)">Sigil</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See Also</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DRL_(video_game)" title="DRL (video game)">DRL</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Noclip_mode" title="Noclip mode">Noclip mode</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/QuakeCon" title="QuakeCon">QuakeCon</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quake_III_Arena" title="Quake III Arena">Quake III Arena</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quake_Champions" title="Quake Champions">Quake Champions</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Hawk%27s_Pro_Skater_3" title="Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3">Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fall_Guys" title="Fall Guys">Fall Guys</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="image" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Doom_(franchise)" title="Category:Doom (franchise)">Category</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189784#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189784#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189784#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National libraries</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb167348271">France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb167348271">(data)</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MBW_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBW (identifier)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/2620a818-3b67-40c5-9864-b49693f93866">work</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1628200704 |