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{{Infobox person
| name = T. Boone Pickens
| image = T Boone Pickens 2011 Shankbone.JPG
| image_size =
| caption = Pickens at the 2011 [[Time 100]] gala
| birth_name = Thomas Boone Pickens Jr.
| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1928|05|22}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|09|11|1928|05|22}}
| birth_place = [[Holdenville, Oklahoma]], U.S.
| death_place = [[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]], U.S.
| alma_mater = [[Oklahoma State University]]
| occupation = [[Chairperson|Chairman]] of BP Capital Management
| boards =
| spouse = {{Marriage|Lynn O'Brien|1949|1971|reason=divorced}}<br />{{Marriage|Beatrice Carr|1972|1998|reason=divorced}}<br />{{Marriage|Nelda Cain|2000|2004|reason=divorced}}<br />{{Marriage|[[Madeleine A. Pickens|Madeleine Paulson]]|2005|2012|reason=divorced}}<br />{{Marriage|Toni Brinker|2014|2017|reason=divorced}}
| children = 5
| website = [http://www.boonepickens.com/ www.boonepickens.com]
| signature =
}}
'''Thomas Boone Pickens Jr.''' (May 22, 1928 – September 11, 2019) was an American [[business magnate]] and [[financier]]. Pickens chaired the [[hedge fund]] BP Capital Management. He was a well-known [[takeover]] operator and [[corporate raid]]er during the 1980s. As of November 2016, Pickens had a net worth of [[U.S. dollar|$]]500 million.<ref name = NYT16>Joe Nocera, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/13/your-money/t-boone-pickens-risky-business.html?ref=dealbook "How T. Boone Pickens Sits Tight in the Riskiest of Businesses,"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 12, 2016.</ref>
== Early life ==
Pickens was born in [[Holdenville, Oklahoma|Holdenville]], [[Oklahoma]], the son of Grace Marcaline (née Molonson), and Thomas Boone Sibley Pickens. His father worked as an oil and mineral [[Landman (oil worker)|landman]] (rights leaser). During [[World War II]], his mother ran the local [[Office of Price Administration]], rationing gasoline and other goods in three counties.<ref name="UTPDF" /> Pickens was the first child born via [[Caesarean section]] in the history of Holdenville hospital.<ref name="OSU gift">Wieberg, Steve. [https://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/2006-08-15-pickens-oklahoma-state-donation_x.htm "Tycoon's $165M gift to Oklahoma State raises both hopes and questions"], ''[[USA Today]]'', August 15, 2006.</ref> His great-great-grandfather was politician [[Ezekiel Pickens]], who was Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CV4bAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Marcaline+Molonson+b.+8+July+1900+DeWitt+County%22|title = Thomas Boone Pickens (1928- ): His Ancestors : Being the Lives of His Pickens, Boone, Calhoun, and Molonson Forefathers with Allied Families|last1 = Nix|first1 = Lois Kathryn|last2 = Snell|first2 = Mary Kay|year = 1989}}</ref>
At age 12, Pickens delivered newspapers. He quickly expanded his paper route from 28 papers to 156.<ref name=PCOLHoratio /> Pickens later cited his boyhood job as an early introduction to "expanding quickly by acquisition", a business practice he favored later in life.<ref name=PCOLHoratio>[http://www.horatioalger.com/member_info.cfm?memberid=PIC06 "Boone Pickens, Chairman, Chevron Capital Management in Dallas, Texas"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617114350/http://www.horatioalger.com/member_info.cfm?memberid=PIC06 |date=2011-06-17}}. The Horatio Alger Association.</ref>
When the oil boom in Oklahoma ended in the late 1930s, Pickens' family moved to [[Amarillo, Texas]].<ref name=PCOLHoratio /> Pickens attended [[Texas A&M University|Texas A&M]] on a basketball [[Athletic scholarship|scholarship]], but he lost the scholarship<ref name=PCOLHoratio /> and transferred to [[Oklahoma State University–Stillwater|Oklahoma A&M]] (now Oklahoma State University), where he majored in geology. He was a member of the [[Sigma Alpha Epsilon]] fraternity. He graduated from Oklahoma State with a degree in [[geology]] in 1951. Following his graduation, Pickens was employed by [[Phillips Petroleum]]. He worked for Phillips until 1954.<ref name=PCOLBoonebook /> In 1956, following his period as a [[wildcatter]], he founded the company that would later become Mesa Petroleum.<ref name=PCOLBoonebook>{{Cite book |last= Pickens |first= T. Boone |title= Boone |year= 1987 |publisher= Houghton Mifflin |pages=22–41 |location= Boston |isbn= 0-395-41433-4}}</ref>
== Career ==
By 1981, Mesa had grown into one of the largest independent oil companies in the world. Pickens led Mesa's first major acquisition, a takeover of the Hugoton Production Company, which was 30 times the size of Mesa.<ref name="fastcompany">{{Cite web| author=[[Shawn Baldwin]] |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/3000437/secrets-of-the-most-productive-people/shawn-baldwin-analyzes-how-t-boone-pickens-generates-b |title=T. Boone Pickens Generates Billions in Value Creation Through Energy |work=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]]|date=May 14, 2014|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last= Pickens |first= T. Boone |title= Boone |year= 1987 |publisher= Houghton Mifflin |location= Boston |isbn= 0-395-41433-4}} p. 73.</ref> He then shifted his focus to acquiring other oil and gas companies by making solicited and unsolicited buyout bids and other [[merger and acquisition]] activity. Pickens' corporate acquisitions made him well known during the 1980s, an era of extensive takeover activity. His most publicized deals included attempted buyouts of [[Citgo|Cities Service]], [[Gulf Oil]], [[Phillips Petroleum]], and [[Unocal]].<ref>{{Cite book |last= Pickens |first= T. Boone |title= Boone |year= 1987 |publisher= Houghton Mifflin |location= Boston |pages=149–260 |isbn= 0-395-41433-4}}</ref> During that period Pickens led two Mesa successful acquisitions of [[Pioneer Petroleum]] and the mid-continent assets of [[Tenneco]].<ref name="fastcompany"/>
Pickens became well known to the general public after the [[Gulf Oil]] takeover when ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070712182752/http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19850304,00.html T. Boone Pickens]. Time Magazine cover. March 4, 1985. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> put him on the cover for the March 1985 issue. He briefly considered running for president in the [[1988 United States presidential election|1988 elections]].<ref>{{Cite news| url =http://www.nasdaq.com/article/t-boone-pickens-recently-bought-these-5-energy-stocks-should-you-cm256195|title=T. Boone Pickens Recently Bought These 5 Energy Stocks – Should You?
| author= StreetAuthority|publisher=[[NASDAQ]] |date = June 27, 2013}}</ref> During this period, he was often characterized as a [[corporate raider]] and [[greenmailer]]. This is due to the fact that many of his deals were not completed, although Pickens and the shareholders he represented received substantial profits through the eventual sale of their [[stock]] as a result. His later takeover targets included [[Newmont Mining]], a New York-based firm, [[Diamond Shamrock]], and [[KI Holdings|Koito Mfg.]], Ltd., a Japanese auto-parts manufacturer, making substantial gains in the process.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.famoustexans.com/boonepickens.htm T. Boone Pickens]. Famoustexans.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> He was also involved in the creation of the United Shareholders Association (USA), which from 1986–1993 attempted to influence the governance of several large companies.<ref name="cnbc"/> After nearly two years of periodic hearing and debate, in July 1998 the [[United States Securities and Exchange Commission|Securities and Exchange Commission]] voted 4–1 to approve a [[One share, one vote|one-share, one-vote rule]], a primary USA objective.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1065280/000119312519114241/d707583ddef14a.htm|title=DEF 14A|publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref>
Pickens chaired the Board of Regents of [[West Texas A&M University|West Texas State University]] (now West Texas A&M University) in [[Canyon, Texas|Canyon]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/boone-pickens-and-the-roach-motel/|title=Boone Pickens and the Roach Motel|work=[[Texas Monthly]]|first=Emily|last=Yoffe|date=June 1998|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref> He organized a campaign in the mid-1980s against the ''[[Amarillo Globe-News]]'' newspaper, for what he claimed was inaccurate reporting about his deals and Mesa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/31/us/pickens-battles-his-hometown-press.html|title=Pickens Battles his Hometown Press|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 31, 1986|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref> Pickens' attempts to have the paper change its editorial policy failed. Shortly thereafter, in 1989, Pickens and Mesa moved to a suburb of [[Dallas]].<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/dont-cry-for-me-amarillo-6403288|title=Don't cry for me, Amarillo|work=[[Dallas Observer]]|date=October 10, 1996|last=Rozen|first=Miriam|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref> In 1996, Mesa was in deep financial trouble and was sold to financier [[Richard Rainwater]]. [[Darla Moore]], Rainwater's wife, had Pickens removed from the company.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/21/sports/golf/darla-moore-new-augusta-member-knows-about-barriers.html?_r=0|author=Mary Pilon|title=In World of Finance, One New Member Has Already Driven the Green|work=The New York Times|date=August 20, 2012|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/01/business/richard-rainwater-s-empire-adds-mesa.html|title=Richard Rainwater's Empire Adds Mesa|work=The New York Times|date=March 1, 1996|author=Allen R. Myerson|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref> Mesa merged with Parker & Parsley Petroleum in 1997 to form [[Pioneer Natural Resources]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/business/mesa-is-to-merge-with-parker-parsley.html|title=Mesa Is to Merge With Parker & Parsley|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1997|author=Carol Marie Cropper|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>
In 1997, Pickens founded BP Capital Management (then called BP Energy Fund) – the initials standing for "Boone Pickens" and not related to [[British Petroleum]].<ref name="cnbc"/> In 2006, Pickens earned $990 million from his equity in the two funds and $120 million from his share of the 20% fees applied to fund profits.<ref>Michael K. Ozanian and Peter J. Schwartz [https://www.forbes.com/free_forbes/2007/0521/102.html Forbes.com. "Wall Street's Highest Earners"]. Forbes.com. May 21, 2007. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> In 2007, Pickens earned $2.7 billion, as BP Capital Equity Fund, grew by 24% after fees, and the then $590 million Capital Commodity fund grew 40%, thanks to, among others, large positions in the stocks of [[Suncor Energy]], [[ExxonMobil]] and [[Occidental Petroleum]].<ref>Peter J. Schwartz [https://www.forbes.com/2008/04/15/paulson-falcone-earners-biz-wall-cz_js_0415wallstreet.html "Wall Street's Top Earners: Your Pain, Their Gain "]. Forbes.com. April 15, 2008. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> Once his health started declining, he closed the company in 2018.<ref name="cnbc"/>
In 2009, Pickens' received [[The Franklin Institute Awards|The Franklin Institute "Bower" Award]] for Business Leadership for 50 years of visionary leadership in oil and other types of energy production, including domestic renewable energy, and for his philanthropic leadership contributing to education, medical research, and wildlife conservation.
<ref>[http://www.fi.edu/franklinawards/09/bowerbus.html Bower Award for Business Leadership – The Franklin Institute Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429114856/http://www.fi.edu/franklinawards/09/bowerbus.html |date=2009-04-29}}. Fi.edu. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>
=== Natural gas ===
In his 2008 book, ''The First Billion is the Hardest'', Pickens noted a belief in the "peak oil" theory. He later altered that position, noting technical achievements of the domestic oil and natural gas industries in utilizing horizontal drilling and fracking to unlock shale oil and gas reserves. He called for the construction of more [[nuclear power plants]], the use of [[natural gas]] to power the country's transportation systems, and the promotion of [[alternative energy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/t-boone-pickens-texas-oil-tycoon-who-led-legendary-corporate-raids-dies-at-91/2019/09/11/5bf7a96a-cc0b-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html|title=T. Boone Pickens, Texas oil tycoon who led legendary corporate raids, dies at 91|work=[[The Washington Post]]|last=Power|first=Chris|date=September 11, 2019|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref> Pickens's involvement with the natural gas fueling campaign was long-running. He formed Pickens Fuel Corporation in 1997 and began promoting natural gas as the best vehicular fuel alternative.<ref name="cnbc"/> Reincorporated as Clean Energy Fuels Corporation in 2001, the company now owns and operates natural gas fueling stations from British Columbia to the Mexico–U.S. border.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1368265/000104746915001290/a2222980z10-k.htm|title=Clean Energy Fuels Corp|publisher= U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref>
== Political activity ==
Since 1980, Pickens made over $5 million in political donations.<ref>[http://www.newsmeat.com/billionaire_political_donations/T_Boone_Pickens.php T. Boone Pickens profile] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515002642/http://www.newsmeat.com/billionaire_political_donations/T_Boone_Pickens.php |date=May 15, 2006}} at Newsmeat.com</ref> He was a financial supporter of President [[George W. Bush]] and contributed heavily to both his Texas and national political campaigns. In 2004, Pickens contributed to Republican [[527 groups]], including a $2 million<ref>[http://www.opensecrets.org/527s/527indivsdetail.php?id=U0000000244&cycle=2004 Boone Pickens Contributions to 527 Organizations, 2004 cycle]. Retrieved 2010-02-22.</ref> contribution to the [[Swift Vets and POWs for Truth]] which ran a campaign asserting that Bush's rival, [[John Kerry]], exaggerated claims about his service in Vietnam, and $2.5 million to the [[Progress for America]] advocacy group. In 2005, Pickens was among 53 entities that contributed the maximum of $250,000 to Bush's second inauguration.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Jim |last=Drinkard |title=Donors get good seats, great access this week |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-16-inauguration-donors_x.htm |publisher=USA Today |date=2005-01-17 |access-date=2008-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Financing the inauguration |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-16-inaugural-donors_x.htm |publisher=USA Today |date= January 16, 2005|access-date=2008-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Some question inaugural's multi-million price tag |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-14-price_x.htm |publisher=USA Today |date=2005-01-14 |access-date=2008-05-25}}</ref>
On July 16, 2007, Pickens wrote an article for ''[[National Review]]'' supporting [[Rudy Giuliani]] for president. "In Rudy Giuliani, a gracious and committed public servant I've known for many years, we see that rare blend of big-picture vision and proven track record of achieving the 'impossible.' We see a forward-looking, accomplished executive eager to tackle the challenges of today's America and ensure that tomorrow we wake up stronger, freer, and more united than ever before."<ref>[http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MDUxYjFmNzA5ODBlNTVhZDFkMTFmYWNmMzg4NTliMjM= Rudy the Executive: An accomplished record to bank on] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020040728/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MDUxYjFmNzA5ODBlNTVhZDFkMTFmYWNmMzg4NTliMjM= |date=2007-10-20}}, ''[[National Review]]'', July 16, 2007</ref> Pickens was an executive committee member of the Rudy Giuliani presidential committee.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/giuliani-team-blog-entry-1.1666816|title=Giuliani'$ Team|work=[[New York Daily News]]|date=December 18, 2010|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>
Pickens chaired the celebration of the 40th anniversary of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative U.S. monthly magazine covering news and politics.<ref name=PCOLSpectator>Christopher Alleva [http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2007/11/happy_40th_to_the_american_spe.html "Happy 40th to The American Spectator!"]. American Thinker. November 5, 2007. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref>
Pickens focused his advocacy on [[alternative energy]] such as [[solar energy|solar]] and [[wind energy|wind]]. ''[[The Washington Post]]'' says that "perhaps the strangest role" Pickens "has fashioned for himself is his current one: the billionaire speculator as energy-wise man, an oil-and-gas magnate as the champion of wind power, and a lifetime Republican who has become a fellow traveler among environmentally-minded Democrats – even though he helped finance the '[[Swiftboating|Swift boat]]' ads that savaged" [[John Kerry|Sen. John F. Kerry's]] presidential campaign. In an editorial, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported Pickens "has decided that drilling for more oil is not the whole answer to the nation's energy problems."<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/usnews/politics/bulletin/bulletin_080722.htm Political Bulletin: Tuesday, July 22, 2008]. USNews.com (2008-07-22). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>
In the spring of 2010, Senator Kerry reached out to Pickens and encouraged his support of energy/climate change legislation he was drafting with Senators [[Joe Lieberman]] and [[Lindsey Graham]]. During a May 2010 meeting with reporters, Senator Kerry endorsed key provisions of "the Pickens Plan," incorporating aspects of that in the Kerry-backed legislation calling for the greater use of domestic natural gas to replace foreign oil‑diesel‑gasoline in America's heavy‑duty vehicle fleets.<ref name="blogs.reuters.com">[http://blogs.reuters.com/frontrow/2010/05/19/former-political-enemies-join-hands-to-save-the-world/ "Former political enemies join hands to save the world?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526175132/http://blogs.reuters.com/frontrow/2010/05/19/former-political-enemies-join-hands-to-save-the-world/ |date=2010-05-26}}. Blogs.reuters.com. May 19, 2010. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref>
=== Swift Boat challenge ===
{{Main|Swift Boat challenge}}
On November 6, 2007, Pickens offered a million dollars to anyone able to dispute any claims made in political ads by the [[Swift Vets and POWs for Truth]] (SVPT), a group he had supported during the 2004 presidential election.<ref name=Johnson /> John Kerry, whose military record and anti-war activism during Vietnam was the target of the group's book and media campaign, sent Pickens a letter on November 16, 2007, accepting the challenge, requesting that Pickens donate the money to the Paralyzed Veterans of America should he succeed in disproving any of the SVPT claims.<ref name=Johnson>{{Cite news
| url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2007/11/16/kerry_takes_oilman_pickens_up_on_1_million_swift_boat_challenge/
| title=Kerry takes oilman Pickens up on $1 million Swift Boat challenge
| first=Glen
| last=Johnson
| agency=Associated Press
| date=2007-11-16
| work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> In response to Kerry's acceptance of the challenge, Pickens issued a letter the same day, narrowing the original challenge to the SVPT ads, and requiring Kerry to provide his Vietnam journal, all of his military records, specifically those covering the years after his active duty service, and copies of all movies and tapes made during his service. Pickens' letter also challenged Kerry to agree to donate $1 million to the Congressional Medal of Honor Foundation, if Kerry "cannot prove anything in the Swift Boat ads to be untrue."<ref name=rainey>{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/politics/la-na-kerry17nov17,1,7546193.story?coll=la-news-politics-national&track=crosspromo|title=Kerry takes on 'Swift Boat' challenge|first=James|last=Rainey|work=The Los Angeles Times|date=2007-11-17}}</ref> Kerry later accused Pickens of "parsing and backtracking" on his initial offer and wrote that "I am prepared to prove the lie and marshal all the evidence, the question is whether you are prepared to fulfill your obligation."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.johnkerry.com/2007/11/20/senator-kerry-replies-to-pickens-moving-the-goalposts|title=Senator Kerry Responds to Pickens' Moving the Goalposts|publisher=John Kerry for U.S. Senate|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112185628/http://www.johnkerry.com/2007/11/20/senator-kerry-replies-to-pickens-moving-the-goalposts|archive-date=2008-01-12}}</ref>
On June 22, 2008, a group of Vietnam veterans who previously served with and then worked with Kerry accepted the challenge and sent a 12-page letter — with a 42-page attachment of military records to support their case – to rebut several of the accusations of the Swift Boat group.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/us/politics/22kerry.html|title=Veterans Rebut 'Swift Boat' Charges Against Kerry in Answer to Challenge | work=The New York Times | first=Kate | last=Zernike | date=June 22, 2008 | access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref> Pickens responded with a message stating "In reviewing your material, none of the information you provide speaks specifically to the issues contained in the ads," he wrote, "and, as a result, does not qualify for the $1 million."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/25/t-boone-pickens-says-no-deal/?scp=1&sq=Boone%20Pickens%20Swift&st=cse|title=T. Boone Pickens Says No Deal on Swift Boat Bounty. | work=The New York Times | first=Kate | last=Zernike | date=June 25, 2008 | access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref>
=== Lobbying efforts to stop horse slaughter ===
Pickens [[lobbying|lobbied]] for the American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act (HR 503) which would prohibit the slaughter for human consumption and the trade and transport of horse flesh and live horses intended for human consumption.<ref>Quaid, Libby. (2006-09-07) [http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/headline/nation/4171519.html House OKs ban on horse slaughter | Top stories | Chron.com – Houston Chronicle]. Chron.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>{{Cite book
| last = Pickens
| first = Boone
| title = The First Billion is the Hardest
| publisher = [[Crown Publishing Group|Crown]]
| year = 2008
| page = [https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/189 189]
| isbn = 978-0-307-39577-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/189
}}</ref>
=== Attempt to sell natural gas with a California ballot initiative ===
In November 2008, California voters rejected a referendum by a 60% to 40% margin regarding natural gas. Pickens owned Clean Energy Fuels Corporation, a natural gas fueling station company<ref>Associated Press (July 17, 2008) [http://www.wtop.com/?nid=25&sid=1442362 "2 counties want natural gas fueling station"] ''Baltimore Sun'' (wtop.com).</ref> which was the primary backer of the [[California Proposition 10 (2008)|November 2008 Proposition 10]] on [[California]]'s ballot. Much of the measure's sale of $5 billion in general fund [[Bond (finance)|bonds]] to provide alternative energy rebates and incentives ($9.8 billion after interest) would have benefitted Pickens' company to the exclusion of almost all other clean-vehicle fuels and technology.<ref>Rubenstein, A. (July 29, 2008) [http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-rubenstein29-2008jul29,0,2980323.story "T. Boone Pickens' 'clean' secret"] ''Los Angeles Times''</ref>
== Philanthropy ==
Pickens gave more than $700 million away to charity,<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS249707+21-May-2008+BW20080521 ADDING MULTIMEDIA T. Boone Pickens Makes $100 Million Gift to Oklahoma State University,...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110224827/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS249707+21-May-2008+BW20080521 |date=2009-01-10}}. Reuters. May 21, 2008</ref> of which nearly $500 million was donated to [[Oklahoma State University]].<ref name="Off">Gavin Off, [http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=11&articleid=20100804_11_0_Fortyo272829&archive=yes "Kaiser, Pickens pledge to donate half their wealth"], ''[[Tulsa World]]'', August 4, 2010.</ref> Pickens was among the billionaires who have made [[The Giving Pledge]], a commitment to give away half of his wealth for charitable purposes.<ref name="Off" />
=== Donations to Oklahoma State University ===
[[File:Boone Pickens Stadium.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.15|Boone Pickens Stadium at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma.]]
Pickens was a major financial contributor to his alma mater, the [[Stillwater, Oklahoma|Stillwater]] campus of Oklahoma State University (OSU). Through his contributions, Pickens spearheaded an initiative to create an athletic village just north of the existing campus. In order to do so, hundreds of houses were acquired by the OSU administration, one via [[eminent domain]], and demolished using Pickens' contributions.
Pickens' gift remains the largest donation to a university's athletic program in collegiate history. His total contributions to OSU came to over $1 billion. Over $265 million, or 26.5%, of his donations were towards athletics. Pickens also made substantial academic gifts to Oklahoma State University, particularly to the Boone Pickens School of Geology, which is named for him.
On December 30, 2005, Pickens made a $165 million gift to Oklahoma State University. ''The New York Times'' reported that "the money spent less than an hour on December 30 in the account of the university's charity, O.S.U. Cowboy Golf Inc., before it was invested in a [[hedge fund]] controlled by Pickens, BP Capital Management."<ref name=waive>Stephanie Strom [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/24/national/24pickens.html?ex=1140930000&en=da19748d91540a35&ei=5070 Billionaire Gives a Big Gift but Still Gets to Invest It] ''The New York Times''. February 24, 2006</ref> Pickens, who was on the board of the O.S.U. Cowboy Golf waived any management fees for the OSU monies.<ref>{{Cite book
| last = Pickens
| first = Boone
| title = The First Billion is the Hardest
| publisher = [[Crown Publishing Group|Crown]]
| year = 2008
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/181 181–82]
| isbn = 978-0-307-39577-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/181
}}</ref> All profits of the fund go to enlarging the OSU gift. The gift is intended to help fund an upgrade of the football stadium and construction of an athletic village but sparked controversy because OSU planned to use [[eminent domain]] to acquire residential property for the projects.<ref>[http://www.channeloklahoma.com/news/7258470/detail.html?rss=okl&psp=news Document: OSU Planned Eminent Domain Use – Oklahoma City News Story – KOCO Oklahoma City]{{Dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}. Channeloklahoma.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> The donation followed a $70 million gift from Pickens to OSU in 2003, which was similarly structured using O.S.U. Cowboy Golf, Inc.
On July 28, 2007, the Board of Regents of Oklahoma State University approved a resolution to move $28 million from the OSU Foundation into Pickens' BP Capital Management company in Dallas. Oklahoma State had previously invested $277 million in the fund. Pickens waived fees for the university's investments with his fund.<ref name=waive /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Okla. St. hopes investing with alum Pickens will help athletic expansion|agency=Associated Press|work=ESPN.com|date=July 28, 2007|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2952800}}</ref>
On May 21, 2008, Pickens donated $100 million to academics at Oklahoma State University. The gift was to be matched by the state of Oklahoma.<ref>Lisa Lewis {{Cite web |url=http://ocolly.com/2008/05/21/boone-pickens-announces-100m-donation-to-osu/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080919233730/http://ocolly.com/2008/05/21/boone-pickens-announces-100m-donation-to-osu/ |archive-date=September 19, 2008 |title=Boone Pickens announces $100M donation to OSU |url-status=dead |access-date=June 1, 2016}}. The Daily O'Collegian. May 21, 2008</ref><ref>{{Cite book| last = Pickens| first = Boone| title = The First Billion is the Hardest| publisher = [[Crown Publishing Group|Crown]]| year = 2008| isbn = 978-0-307-39577-1| page = [https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/169 169]| url = https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/169}}</ref> In October 2008, it was reported in ''The New York Times'' that due to the recent financial recession, some of Pickens's gifts to the athletic department had seen a large decline in their market value while being managed in his hedge funds. The same article noted that due to the worldwide recession, most other schools and charitable organizations were also experiencing problems with investments. The article also mentions that Pickens' management of donated funds had previously "turned $6 million into $31 million" for the school's athletic fund.<ref name=waive /><ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/21/sports/21boosters.html?_r=1&em&oref=slogin | work=The New York Times | title=Financial Straits of Boosters Hit Athletic Programs | first1=Joe | last1=Drape | first2=Thayer | last2=Evans | date=October 21, 2008 | access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref>
=== Humanitarian contributions ===
Pickens and employees of his BP Capital LLC donated $7 million to the [[Hurricane Katrina|Hurricane Katrina relief]] effort. The ''[[Chronicle of Philanthropy]]'' lists Pickens as among its largest charitable givers 2005 and 2006. He has donated nearly a half a billion dollars to philanthropic causes during his career. In 2005 in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, Pickens together with his then-wife Madeleine, chartered airplanes to transport dogs rescued from the floodwaters in [[New Orleans]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/making-a-difference/sdut-hurricane-katrina-orleans-dogs-shelters-pickens-2015aug28-story.html|title= Katrina dog evacuees flew first class|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|last=Bell|first=Diane|date=August 28, 2015|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref> On November 6, 2006, Pickens donated $5 million toward the construction of [[Texas Woman's University]]'s T. Boone Pickens Institute of Health Sciences-Dallas Center.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/arts/is-texas-womans-university-the-fugliest-building-in-dallas-8822763|title=Is Texas Woman's University the Fugliest Building in Dallas?|work=Dalls Observer|last=Skinner|first=Paige|date=October 21, 2016|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>
On May 16, 2007, Pickens donated $100 million to two [[University of Texas]] health care institutions. The gifts were donated to the [[UT Southwestern Medical Center]] at Dallas and [[The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center]] in Houston. The donations are required to grow to $1 billion within 25 years before they can be disbursed by the recipient institutions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.myplainview.com/news/article/T-Boone-Pickens-donates-100-million-to-Texas-8501996.php|title=T. Boone Pickens donates $100 million to Texas medical centers|work=[[Plainview Daily Herald]]|last=Madkour|first=Rasha|date=May 15, 2007|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref> On August 23, 2007, Bizjournals.com reported that Pickens would be donating $2.5 million to [[Happy Hill Farm Academy]]/Home, a residential school for at-risk children and teenagers, to build a training center and guest lodge. Pickens donated $1 million to Happy Hill Farm for the construction of a new academic campus at the residential school in February 2007.<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2007/08/20/daily33.html "Pickens gives $2.5M to residential school]. Dallas Business Journal. August 23, 2007. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> On December 5, 2007, the ''[[Dallas Business Journal]]'' reported that Pickens had donated $6 million to Jubilee Park located at S. Carroll Avenue and Lindsley/Parry Avenue in Dallas and would man a bulldozer to begin demolition of an abandoned building across the street from a kindergarten Head Start program in Jubilee Park.<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2007/12/03/daily15.html "Leppert, Pickens announce major donation"]. Dallas Business Journal. December 5, 2007.</ref>
On June 20, 2008, Pickens donated $25 million to the [[University of Calgary]]'s Faculty of Medicine during a visit with [[Calgary Flames]] owner [[Harley Hotchkiss]].<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/billionaire-hands-u-of-c-unexpected-25m-gift-1.725241 "Billionaire hands U of C unexpected $25M gift"]. CBC. June 20, 2008.</ref> On October 21, 2008, Pickens donated $5 million to the Downtown Dallas YMCA. The Downtown YMCA was subsequently renamed the "T. Boone Pickens YMCA" in his honor. "I want this gift to encourage individuals, corporations and the entire city to make a serious commitment to fitness and health," Boone Pickens said. "This money isn't just helping people work out – it will revitalize this area and make the YMCA a place for the citizens of Dallas today, and will inspire our next generation to be healthy."<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2008/10/20/daily16.html "T. Boone Pickens donates to Dallas YMCA"]. Dallas Business Journal. October 21, 2008.</ref> In December 2008, the Texas Legislative Conference honored Pickens as its "Texan of the Year."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/2008/12/08/daily5.html|title=Activism earns Pickens 'Texan of the Year' honor|work=San Antonio Business Journal|date=December 8, 2008|access-date=2008-12-11}}</ref>
In 2010, Pickens was awarded the annual, "Effecting Change" award by [[100 Women in Hedge Funds]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.absolutereturn-alpha.com/Article/2649270/T-Boone-Pickens-Ladies-man.html|work=Absolute Return + Alpha|title=T. Boone Pickens: Ladies Man|author=Suzy Kenly Waite|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227080527/http://www.absolutereturn-alpha.com/Article/2649270/T-Boone-Pickens-Ladies-man.html|archive-date=2010-12-27}}</ref> Pickens also donated over $11 million to The University of Texas at Dallas Center for Brain Health to fund educational and research initiatives in the area of brain science.<ref>Christopher Helman, [https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2008/0630/076.html "Inside T. Boone Pickens' Brain,"] ''[[Forbes]]'', June 12, 2018.</ref> Part of the donation is funding the "T. Boone Pickens Distinguished Scientist" chair that is held by Dr. Ian Robertson, Ph. D.
=== Honors and awards ===
In 1984, Pickens received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business}}</ref> In 2003, Pickens was inducted into the [[Oklahoma Hall of Fame]].<ref name="OHOF">[http://www.oklahomaheritage.com/Portals/0/docs/T%20Boone%20Pickens.pdf Oklahoma Hall of Fame: T. Boone Pickens]</ref> In May 2012, Pickens was awarded the [[Albert Schweitzer]] Leadership Award by the [[HOBY|Hugh O'Brian Youth Leadership Foundation]] for his lifetime of accomplishments and in particular for the example that he has set for the future leaders of the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.amarillo.com/news/local-news/business/2017-11-29/fast-facts-t-boone-pickens|title=Fast Facts: T Boone Pickens|work=[[Amarillo Globe-News]]|last=Ricci|first=Jay|date=November 29, 2017|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>
== Alternative energy ==
On September 19, 2007, Pickens told [[CNBC]] that the price of oil could rise to $100 per barrel. "Demand is up and supply is flat, so it's got to go on up," said Pickens, whose company was betting on [[natural gas]] for vehicles. "I can give you an Oklahoma guarantee<ref>[http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/oklahoma_guarantee/ defines the term] ''"An "Oklahoma guarantee" isn't much of a guarantee. The term probably began with Oklahoma used car dealers offering shady "guarantees" for their used cars."''</ref> that natural gas will never sell above [[Diesel fuel|diesel]] and gasoline prices" as fuel for vehicles, Pickens added.<ref>Amy Strahan [http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?articleID=070920_5_E4_spanc60366 Tulsa World. Pickens sees $100 oil, maybe in 2008"]. Tulsaworld.com. September 20, 2007. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref>
On January 2, 2008, the first contract for $100 bbl oil was sold on the [[NYMEX]] exchange.<ref>[http://blogs.opisnet.com/archive/2008/01/02/one-brief-shining-100-bbl-moment-so-far.aspx One Brief Shining $100 Bbl Moment.. So Far] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919074825/http://blogs.opisnet.com/archive/2008/01/02/one-brief-shining-100-bbl-moment-so-far.aspx |date=2008-09-19}}, January 2, 2008 Oil Price Information Service report by Tom Kloza.</ref> In early July 2008, the price of oil briefly closed above $145 per barrel. By the beginning of September 2008, the price of oil settled to under $110 per barrel. By October 9, 2008, the price plummeted back below $85 per barrel. As of November 21, 2008, the price of oil had fallen below $50 a barrel, mostly riding fears of a global [[recession]].<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/2008-11-12-oil-wednesday_N.htm | work=USA Today | title=Oil drops to just above $56 a barrel on global growth pessimism | date=November 13, 2008 | access-date=May 24, 2010 | first=Dirk | last=Lammers}}</ref>
Subsequently, in early 2009, Pickens restated during a [[Meet the Press]] interview with Tom Brokaw that he would bet $10 the price of oil would "be back to $100 a year from now". Two weeks later reporter [[John Stossel]] made a public $10,000 bet with Pickens about whether or not the price of oil would surpass $100 by the first quarter of 2010.<ref>[http://www.lonelyconservative.com/2010/01/21/video-john-stossels-energy-special/ Video: John Stossel's Energy Special] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123220238/http://www.lonelyconservative.com/2010/01/21/video-john-stossels-energy-special/ |date=2010-01-23}}. The Lonely Conservative. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref> The bet ended on May 22, 2010, with the price of oil at $69.92.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allaboutalpha.com/blog/2019/09/17/boone-pickens-a-trailblazer-passes-on/|title=Boone Pickens, A Trailblazer, Passes On|publisher=All About Alpha|date=September 17, 2019|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>
=== Wind power ===
{{Main|Wind power|Wind power in the United States|Wind power in Texas}}
In June 2007, Pickens announced the intention to build the world's largest [[Wind power|wind farm]] by installing large [[wind turbine]]s in parts of four [[Texas Panhandle]] counties. The project would produce up to four [[gigawatts]] of [[electricity]]. Pickens' [[Mesa Power LP]] will undertake the construction. If completed, the farm would generate more than five times the 735 megawatts produced at the present largest such farm near [[Abilene, Texas|Abilene]], according to Susan Williams Sloan, spokesman for the American Wind Energy Association.<ref>[http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/061407/nat_061407027.shtml Pickens aims to build world's largest wind farm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015358/http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/061407/nat_061407027.shtml |date=2007-09-30}}. Lubbockonline.com (2007-06-14). Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref>
On August 16, 2007, Pickens' [[Mesa Power]] announced that it had filed documents with the state of Texas to add four [[gigawatts]] of [[electricity]] to the state grid. The filing with the [[Electric Reliability Council of Texas]] (ERCOT) projected that the project would be completed in 2011 and would include up to 2,700 turbines on up to {{Convert|200000|acre|km2}} in [[Roberts County, Texas|Roberts]] and adjacent counties in the Texas Panhandle. "We are now meeting with Panhandle landowners and negotiating wind lease and easement agreements," said Pickens. "We are excited at how quickly the pieces are falling into place."<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/08-16-2007/0004647032&EDATE= Mesa Power's Plans for World's Largest Wind Farm Move Forward with ERCOT Filing]. Prnewswire.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref>
On January 30, 2008, ''The Oklahoman'' reported that Pickens was ready to start buying [[wind turbine]]s for the project within a month, that he planned to buy between 1,700 and 2,000 turbines, and that they will cost from $200 million to $300 million.<ref name=PCOLOklahoman /> Pickens added that he has been approached by twenty potential partners on the project but has not yet made a final decision.<ref name=PCOLOklahoman /> "We have not picked any banker and we have not picked any partner," Pickens said.<ref name=PCOLOklahoman /> "It is kind of nice ... I have decided I can get pretty far down the track before having to make those choices."<ref name=PCOLOklahoman>Jack Money [http://www.newsok.com/article/3198755/ "Boone Pickens shares his views on energy, politics, the Olympics, OSU's new president"]. Newsok.com. January 30, 2008. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> Pickens predicted that similar wind farm projects could be built in the Texas Panhandle and the Canada–US border in the future.<ref name=PCOLOklahoman />
On May 15, 2008, Pickens' Mesa Power announced that it had placed a first order for 667 1.5-megawatt turbines from [[General Electric]].<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/OILPRD/idUSN1521224020080515 | title=UPDATE 2-Pickens' Mesa Power orders GE wind turbines | first=Matt | last=Daily | date=May 15, 2008 | work=Reuters}}</ref> The turbines will be delivered in 2010 and 2011.<!-- Please don't add an apostrophe, it's not correct --> On July 17, 2008, the Texas Public Utilities Commission approved ratepayer funding of $4.98 billion in electric transmission lines to connect wind farms in the Texas Panhandle to the electric grid.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/07/20/business/19wind.php |first=Kate |last=Galbraith |date=2008-07-20 |title=Texas approves a $4.93 billion wind-power project |work=International Herold Tribune |quote=Transmission companies will pay the upfront costs of the project. They will recoup the money from power users, at a rate of about $4 a month for residential customers.}}</ref> This implements the provisions of a 2005 Texas law designed to promote new wind energy projects.<ref>[http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2008/2008-07-18-094.asp Texas to Spend Billions on Wind Power Transmission Lines]. Ens-newswire.com (2008-07-18). Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref>
On July 8, 2009, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that T. Boone Pickens has postponed plans to build his Texas wind farm. He said the project was stopped partly because the existing transmission line capacity wasn't available. His company had planned to build new lines, but couldn't get financing. On the same date, ''[[The New York Times]]'', reported that Pickens is committed to purchasing 667 wind turbines and will develop wind projects for them. On his Mesa Power Group website, Pickens said he expected to continue the development of the Pampa project, but not at the pace originally expected.
On December 15, 2010, Nathanael Baker, in an article for www.theenergycollective.com, wrote that Pickens has scrapped plans for wind farms and will instead focus exclusively on natural gas. According to the article, on December 10, 2010, [[MSNBC]] reported that "Pickens said low natural gas prices have made utility companies view wind power as too expensive."<ref>{{Cite web|title=T. Boone Pickens Drops Wind Power From His Energy Plan|author=Nathanael Baker|publisher=theenergycollective.com|date=December 15, 2010|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://theenergycollective.com/nathanaelbaker/48644/t-boone-pickens-drops-wind-power-his-energy-plan}}</ref>
=== The Pickens Plan ===
{{Main|Pickens Plan}}
On July 8, 2008, Pickens announced a major energy policy proposal, called the [[Pickens Plan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pickens Plan|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://www.pickensplan.com}}</ref> The plan promotes a radical reduction in the United States' dependency upon foreign energy, particularly oil provided by nations in the [[OPEC]] cartel. Although the plan calls for the introduction of various alternatives to oil, including wind and solar, its major component is the conversion of the nation's commercial transport sector away from OPEC diesel to natural gas.<ref>[https://blogs.wsj.com/environmentalcapital/2008/07/08/big-pickens-t-boone-the-oilman-ups-the-ante-in-his-wind-bet Big Pickens: T. Boone the Oilman Ups the Ante in his Wind Bet], July 8, 2008, ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''.</ref> The Pickens Plan also calls for the United States to utilize its wind corridor in the middle of the country stretching from Texas northerly through the [[Great Plains]] to the Canada–US border. He noted in Congressional testimony in July 2008 that his plan would generate new jobs and provide economic stimulus to this area while noting that it would also require new [[transmission lines]] which traditionally antagonize some environmentalists and/or nearby populations. The announcement of the plan also coincided with Pickens' need for federal subsidies for the wind to be renewed, as he had already begun placing orders for his planned wind farm in Texas.<ref>Johnson, Keith (May 15, 2008). [https://blogs.wsj.com/environmentalcapital/2008/05/15/texas-wind-boone-pickens-big-big-bet/ "Texas wind: Boone Pickens' big, big bet"]. ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''.</ref>
Pickens wanted to spend $58 million on his multi-media effort to promote the Pickens Plan. The multi-media campaign included traditional media, such as newspaper and TV, and new media, such as [[YouTube]] and [[Facebook]].<ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D91PUFLO0.htm Financial News] [[Business Week]].</ref> The television ads for the Pickens Plan were produced by veteran Democratic political consultant, [[Joe Slade White]].<ref>Allison Fass, [https://www.forbes.com/2008/07/11/pickensplan-wind-energy-tech-science-cz_af_0710pickens.html "Pickens Goes For The Grass Roots"], July 11, 2008, ''[[Forbes]]''.</ref> [[Carl Pope (environmentalist)|Carl Pope]], executive director of the [[Sierra Club]], expressed support for the Pickens Plan.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/2008-07-08-t-boone-pickens-plan-wind-energy_N.htm T. Boone Pickens Plan: Wind Energy], July 8, 2008, ''[[USA Today]]''.</ref> Pickens' proposal for increased use of natural gas in heavy-duty trucks and fleet vehicles is included in the NAT GAS Act (H.R. 1835 and S. 1408)<ref>[https://www.cnbc.com/id/36497893/Natural_Gas_Plan_Gaining_Support_in_Congress_Pickens "Natural Gas Plan Gaining Support in Congress: Pickens"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013095457/https://www.cnbc.com/id/36497893/Natural_Gas_Plan_Gaining_Support_in_Congress_Pickens |date=2013-10-13}}. CNBC. April 14, 2010. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> and the American Power Act.<ref name="blogs.reuters.com" />
On February 21, 2013, Pickens spoke on behalf of Clean Energy Fuels along with New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg in support of a new eco-friendly food truck. A press conference took place in front of the city hall where the company, Neapolitan Express, explained how their mobile pizzeria emits 75% fewer greenhouse gases than trucks running on gas or diesel. The company launched in early 2013.<ref>Moore, Tina. [http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/city-neapolitan-express-unveil-eco-friendly-food-truck-article-1.1270160 "Neapolitan Express unveils city's first eco-friendly food truck powered by compressed natural gas"]. ''[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]'' (New York). February 21, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2013.</ref>
== Personal life and death ==
In 1949, Pickens married Lynn O'Brien. They had four children together; Deborah Pickens, Michael O. Pickens, Thomas B. Pickens III, and Pam Pickens. Pickens divorced Lynn in 1971. In April 1972, Pickens married Beatrice "Bea" Carr Stuart and adopted one of her daughters, Elizabeth "Liz" Cordia. They had no children together.<ref name="fortunehunter">{{Cite news|title=Fortune Hunter|author=Harry Hunt III|publisher=Conde Nast Portfolio|date=April 16, 2007|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://upstart.bizjournals.com/executives/features/2007/04/16/Fortune-Hunter.html?page=all}}</ref> In November 2000, Pickens married Nelda Cain. They divorced in November 2004. They had no children together.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Return Of The Raider At 73, former takeover artist T. Boone Pickens Jr. is doing deals, making big money, and learning--at long last--how to be happy.|author=Joseph Nocera|publisher=Fortune|date=May 27, 2002|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2002/05/27/323668/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222065500/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2002/05/27/323668/|archive-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref> In 2005, Pickens married [[Madeleine A. Pickens|Madeleine Paulson]], the third wife and widow of the founder of [[Gulfstream Aerospace]], [[Allen E. Paulson]]. Pickens and Madeleine lived in [[Preston Hollow, Dallas]] and owned a ranch along the [[Canadian River]] in the [[Texas Panhandle]]. They divorced amicably in 2012 and had no children together.<ref>{{Cite web|title=T. Boone and Madeleine Pickens' Super Sad True Divorce Story|author=Sonia Smith|publisher=Texas Monthly|date=October 4, 2012|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://www.texasmonthly.com/story/t-boone-and-madeleine-pickens'-super-sad-true-divorce-story}}</ref> It was reported on December 4, 2013 that Pickens' [[public relations]] representative told an [[KXAS-TV|NBC 5]] affiliate reporter that he had proposed to Toni Chapman Brinker, widow of restaurateur [[Norman E. Brinker|Norman Brinker]], at his ranch in [[Pampa, Texas|Pampa]]. The couple married on February 14, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=T. Boone Pickens and Toni Brinker's Valentine's Day wedding in prairie chapel|author=Alan Peppard|publisher=Dallas Morning News|date=February 14, 2014|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://popcultureblog.dallasnews.com/2014/02/t-boone-pickens-and-toni-brinkers-valentines-day-wedding-in-prairie-chapel.html/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426085324/http://popcultureblog.dallasnews.com/2014/02/t-boone-pickens-and-toni-brinkers-valentines-day-wedding-in-prairie-chapel.html/|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> The couple later divorced in June 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mansionglobal.com/articles/78652-financier-t-boone-pickens-lists-dallas-mansion-for-6-million|title=Financier T. Boone Pickens Lists Dallas Mansion for $6 Million|last=Lucking|first=Liz|access-date=2018-05-02|language=en}}</ref>
Pickens had four biological children and one adopted daughter.<ref name="fortunehunter" /> {{As of|2007}}, Pickens had twelve grandchildren.<ref name="UTPDF">{{Cite web|title=T. Boone Pickens, Chairman and CEO, BP Capital |publisher=University of Texas System |date=2007 |url=http://www.utsystem.edu/news/2007/PickensBio.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031113846/http://www.utsystem.edu/news/2007/PickensBio.pdf |archive-date=October 31, 2007}}</ref> In 2007, Pickens' son Michael O. Pickens of [[Nocona, Texas]] was sentenced to probation for a [[penny stock]] trading scheme and entered drug rehabilitation afterward, emerging in March 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|title=T. Boone Pickens' son gets probation in fraud case|author=Paritosh Bansal|publisher=Reuters|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pickens-sentencing-idUSN1040329320071210}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=T. Boone Pickens Picks Up His Son's Bill For Stock Fraud Scheme|author=Robert Wilonsky|publisher=Dallas Observer|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=May 4, 2014 | url=http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2007/12/t_boone_pickens_picks_up_his_s.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Boone Pickens's Son Gets 5 Years Probation for Scam (Update2)|author=David Glovin|publisher=Bloomberg News|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aCpvWcfdWwnA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Son of T. Boone Pickens charged with burglary of fly fishing shop|agency=Associated Press|publisher=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|date=June 17, 2006|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://lubbockonline.com/stories/061706/nat_061706046.shtml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Son of Famous OSU Alum Arrested|agency=Associated Press|publisher=KXII|date=July 20, 2005|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://www.kxii.com/home/headlines/1717092.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coral Gables Promoter Charged In Fax Scheme|author=Ian Katz|publisher=Florida Sun-Sentinel|date=July 19, 2005|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2005-07-19/business/0507180279_1_faxes-stock-tip-boone-pickens}}</ref> In October 2012, Michael, then 58 years old, began blogging under the title "5 Days In Connecticut."<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 Days In Connecticut|author=Michael Pickens|date=October 2012|url=http://michaelpickens.blogspot.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306214148/http://michaelpickens.blogspot.com/|archive-date=2014-03-06}}</ref> In the blog, he made a number of allegations about his family, including that his drug addiction stemmed from physical abuse by his father, T. Boone Pickens. He also claimed his siblings stole from their mother and were addicted to drugs, and that his father sabotaged a family member's business. Pickens and three of his children – Elizabeth Cordia, Pamela Pickens and Thomas B. Pickens III – subsequently filed a lawsuit against Michael.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pickens family in fight over tell-all blog|author=Maria Halkias|publisher=Dallas Morning News|date=March 29, 2013|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://bizbeatblog.dallasnews.com/2013/03/pickens-family-in-fight-over-tell-all-blog.html/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528040317/http://bizbeatblog.dallasnews.com/2013/03/pickens-family-in-fight-over-tell-all-blog.html/|archive-date=May 28, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=T. Boone Pickens is in a Strange Family Legal Feud Over His Son's Tell-All Blog|author=Eric Nicholson|publisher=Dallas Observer|date=April 19, 2013|access-date=May 4, 2013|url=http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2013/04/t_boone_pickens_lawsuit_tell-a.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pickens Family Feuding Over Tell-All Blog|author=David Lee|publisher=Courthouse News Service|date=April 8, 2013|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://www.courthousenews.com/2013/04/08/56477.htm}}</ref> They alleged libel, invasion of privacy and extortion via cyberbullying and cyberstalking. The plaintiffs said the blog was part of an effort to extort $20 million from Pickens.<ref name="sonsuit">{{Cite news|title=Billionaire T. Boone Pickens Sues His Son, Alleging 'Cyberbullying|work=Forbes|author=Caleb Melby|date=April 16, 2013|access-date=May 17, 2013|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/calebmelby/2013/04/16/billionaire-t-boone-pickens-sues-his-son-alleging-cyberbullying/}}</ref> In January 2013, Pickens' 21-year-old grandson Thomas "Ty" Boone Pickens IV died from a [[heroin]] overdose.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Autopsy: T. Boone Pickens' grandson died from heroin|agency=Associated Press|publisher=USAToday.com|date=April 25, 2013|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/04/25/t-boone-pickens-grandson-dies/2113391/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Boone Pickens' grandson dies at Fort Worth hospital|url=http://www.star-telegram.com/2013/01/29/4583852/t-boone-pickens-grandson-dies.html#storylink=cpy|author=Domingo Ramirez Jr.|publisher=Star Telegram|date=January 29, 2013|access-date=May 4, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222001532/http://www.star-telegram.com/2013/01/29/4583852/t-boone-pickens-grandson-dies.html#storylink=cpy|archive-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref> Ty, the son of Thomas B. Pickens III, was a student at [[Texas Christian University]] in [[Fort Worth, Texas]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Billionaire T. Boone Pickens Sues His Son, Alleging 'Cyberbullying'|author=Caleb Melby|work=Forbes.com|date=April 16, 2013|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/calebmelby/2013/04/16/billionaire-t-boone-pickens-sues-his-son-alleging-cyberbullying/}}</ref>
In July 2009, Pickens was the subject of controversy after he had a construction crew go to his grandmother's former home, that was now owned by someone else, in [[Holdenville, Oklahoma]] and remove a slab of driveway concrete that he had signed as a child.<ref>{{Cite news | first = Sonya | last = Colberg | title = Pickens' signature taken from Holdenville man's driveway | date = 2009-07-13 | url = http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=12&articleid=20090713_298_0_HOLDEN425581 | work = [[Tulsa World]] | access-date = 2011-02-12}}</ref> The current owner of the home asserted ownership, and the slab was returned.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Pickens returns slab, court battle looms | date = 2009-07-30 | url = http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2009/07/30/Pickens-returns-slab-court-battle-looms/UPI-80631248983704/ | work = [[UPI]] | access-date = 2011-02-12}}</ref> In February 2010, a judge ruled that the slab belonged to the current homeowner.<ref>{{Cite news | first = Sonya | last = Colberg | title = Driveway slab Pickens took is back with homeowner | date = 2010-02-25 | url = http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=11&articleid=20100225_12_A7_HLEVLE645696&allcom=1 | work = [[Tulsa World]] | access-date = 2011-02-12}}</ref>
Pickens died at his home in Dallas on September 11, 2019.<ref name="cnbc">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/11/t-boone-pickens-oracle-of-oil-and-corporate-raider-dies-at-91.html|title=T. Boone Pickens, the 'Oracle of Oil,' corporate raider and billionaire philanthropist, dies at 91|publisher=[[CNBC.com]]|date=September 11, 2019|last=Steinberg|first=Marty|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref> He was in declining health and suffered a series of strokes and a fall in 2017, but the cause of death was not disclosed at the time of his death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/11/t-boone-pickens-oracle-of-oil-and-corporate-raider-dies-at-91.html|title=T. Boone Pickens, the 'Oracle of Oil,' corporate raider and billionaire philanthropist, dies at 91|last=Steinberg|first=Marty|date=2019-09-11|website=CNBC|language=en|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | last = Power | first = Chris | title = T. Boone Pickens, Texas oil tycoon who led legendary corporate raids, dies at 91 | website = washingtonpost.com | publisher = WaPo | date = September 11, 2019 | url = https://beta.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/t-boone-pickens-texas-oil-tycoon-who-led-legendary-corporate-raids-dies-at-91/2019/09/11/5bf7a96a-cc0b-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html | access-date = September 11, 2019}}</ref> On September 18, 2019, his foundation published "A final message from T. Boone Pickens shared before his passing on September 11, 2019", a personal reflection about his life, lessons learned and his mortality.<ref>{{cite news | title = A final message from T. Boone Pickens shared before his passing on September 11, 2019 | url = https://boonepickens.com/?p=2343| date = September 18, 2019| publisher = boonepickens.com | access-date = June 5, 2020}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Bibliography ==
* Pickens, T. Boone, ''The First Billion is the Hardest: Reflections on a life of Comebacks and America's Energy Future'', 2008, {{ISBN|0-307-39577-4}}
* Pickens, Boone, ''The Luckiest Guy in the World'', 2001, {{ISBN|1-58798-019-3}}
* Pickens, Boone, ''Boone'', 1987, {{ISBN|0-395-47811-1}}
== External links ==
* {{Cite web | title = Boone Pickens | publisher = BP Capital Fund Advisors | url = https://www.bpcfunds.com/content/team/boone-pickens/ | access-date = 2018-12-02}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927231934/http://www.horatioalger.com/members/member_info.cfm?memberid=PIC06 Biography of Boone Pickens (Horatio Alger Awards)]
* [http://www.pickensplan.com PickensPlan]
* {{C-SPAN|tpickens}}
* [http://writetv.okstate.edu/bestofWOL.html ''Write TV'' Public Television Interview with T. Boone Pickens]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110426162352/http://us.hsmglobal.com/interior/index.php?p=speaker&idPersona=4245&idEvento=184 T. Boone Pickens Biography and Session Description] on the [[World Business Forum]] where Pickens is a featured speaker for the 2009 event
*[http://www.voicesofoklahoma.com/interview/pickens-boone/ Voices of Oklahoma interview with T. Boone Pickens.] First person interview conducted on August 6, 2010, with T. Boone Pickens.
* [http://seekingalpha.com/article/312319-t-boone-pickens-and-andrew-hall-are-bullish-about-these-energy-stocks T. Boone Pickens And Andrew Hall Are Bullish About These Energy Stocks] December 7, 2011. Seeking Alpha
* {{Find a Grave|202923261}}
{{Private equity investors}}
{{National Football Foundation Distinguished American Award}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pickens, T. Boone}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:American billionaires]]
[[Category:American businesspeople in the oil industry]]
[[Category:American chairpersons of corporations]]
[[Category:American environmentalists]]
[[Category:American financiers]]
[[Category:American hedge fund managers]]
[[Category:American investors]]
[[Category:American money managers]]
[[Category:Ranchers from Texas]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Texas]]
[[Category:Corporate raiders]]
[[Category:Giving Pledgers]]
[[Category:21st-century philanthropists]]
[[Category:National Review people]]
[[Category:Oklahoma State University alumni]]
[[Category:People associated with solar power]]
[[Category:People associated with wind power]]
[[Category:People from Amarillo, Texas]]
[[Category:People from Holdenville, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Amarillo High School alumni]]
[[Category:Private equity and venture capital investors]]
[[Category:Sustainability advocates]]
[[Category:The American Spectator people]]
[[Category:Texas A&M University alumni]]
[[Category:Texas Republicans]]
[[Category:Activists from Texas]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:20th-century American philanthropists]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|American financier; Chairman, BP Capital Management}}
{{Infobox person
| name = T. Bone Pickens
| image = T Bone Pickens 2011 Shankbone.JPG
| image_size =
| caption = Pickens at the 2011 [[Time 100]] gala
| birth_name = T Bone Pickens Jr.
| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1928|05|22}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|09|11|1928|05|22}}
| birth_place = [[Holdenville, Oklahoma]], U.S.
| death_place = [[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]], U.S.
| alma_mater = [[Oklahoma State University]]
| occupation = [[Chairperson|Chairman]] of BP Capital Management
| boards =
| spouse = {{Marriage|Lynn O'Brien|1949|1971|reason=divorced}}<br />{{Marriage|Beatrice Carr|1972|1998|reason=divorced}}<br />{{Marriage|Nelda Cain|2000|2004|reason=divorced}}<br />{{Marriage|[[Madeleine A. Pickens|Madeleine Paulson]]|2005|2012|reason=divorced}}<br />{{Marriage|Toni Brinker|2014|2017|reason=divorced}}
| children = 5
| website = [http://www.bonepickens.com/ www.bonepickens.com]
| signature =
}}
'''T Bone Pickens Jr.''' (May 22, 1928 – September 11, 2019) was an American [[business magnate]] and [[financier]]. Pickens chaired the [[hedge fund]] BP Capital Management. He was a well-known [[takeover]] operator and [[corporate raid]]er during the 1980s. As of November 2016, Pickens had a net worth of [[U.S. dollar|$]]500 million.<ref name = NYT16>Joe Nocera, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/13/your-money/t-boone-pickens-risky-business.html?ref=dealbook "How T. Bone Pickens Sits Tight in the Riskiest of Businesses,"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 12, 2016.</ref>
== Early life ==
Pickens was born in [[Holdenville, Oklahoma|Holdenville]], [[Oklahoma]], the son of Grace Marcaline (née Molonson), and Thomas Boone Sibley Pickens. His father worked as an oil and mineral [[Landman (oil worker)|landman]] (rights leaser). During [[World War II]], his mother ran the local [[Office of Price Administration]], rationing gasoline and other goods in three counties.<ref name="UTPDF" /> Pickens was the first child born via [[Caesarean section]] in the history of Holdenville hospital.<ref name="OSU gift">Wieberg, Steve. [https://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/2006-08-15-pickens-oklahoma-state-donation_x.htm "Tycoon's $165M gift to Oklahoma State raises both hopes and questions"], ''[[USA Today]]'', August 15, 2006.</ref> His great-great-grandfather was politician [[Ezekiel Pickens]], who was Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CV4bAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Marcaline+Molonson+b.+8+July+1900+DeWitt+County%22|title = Thomas Boone Pickens (1928- ): His Ancestors : Being the Lives of His Pickens, Boone, Calhoun, and Molonson Forefathers with Allied Families|last1 = Nix|first1 = Lois Kathryn|last2 = Snell|first2 = Mary Kay|year = 1989}}</ref>
At age 12, Pickens delivered newspapers. He quickly expanded his paper route from 28 papers to 156.<ref name=PCOLHoratio /> Pickens later cited his boyhood job as an early introduction to "expanding quickly by acquisition", a business practice he favored later in life.<ref name=PCOLHoratio>[http://www.horatioalger.com/member_info.cfm?memberid=PIC06 "Boone Pickens, Chairman, Chevron Capital Management in Dallas, Texas"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617114350/http://www.horatioalger.com/member_info.cfm?memberid=PIC06 |date=2011-06-17}}. The Horatio Alger Association.</ref>
When the oil boom in Oklahoma ended in the late 1930s, Pickens' family moved to [[Amarillo, Texas]].<ref name=PCOLHoratio /> Pickens attended [[Texas A&M University|Texas A&M]] on a basketball [[Athletic scholarship|scholarship]], but he lost the scholarship<ref name=PCOLHoratio /> and transferred to [[Oklahoma State University–Stillwater|Oklahoma A&M]] (now Oklahoma State University), where he majored in geology. He was a member of the [[Sigma Alpha Epsilon]] fraternity. He graduated from Oklahoma State with a degree in [[geology]] in 1951. Following his graduation, Pickens was employed by [[Phillips Petroleum]]. He worked for Phillips until 1954.<ref name=PCOLBoonebook /> In 1956, following his period as a [[wildcatter]], he founded the company that would later become Mesa Petroleum.<ref name=PCOLBoonebook>{{Cite book |last= Pickens |first= T. Boone |title= Boone |year= 1987 |publisher= Houghton Mifflin |pages=22–41 |location= Boston |isbn= 0-395-41433-4}}</ref>
== Career ==
By 1981, Mesa had grown into one of the largest independent oil companies in the world. Pickens led Mesa's first major acquisition, a takeover of the Hugoton Production Company, which was 30 times the size of Mesa.<ref name="fastcompany">{{Cite web| author=[[Shawn Baldwin]] |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/3000437/secrets-of-the-most-productive-people/shawn-baldwin-analyzes-how-t-boone-pickens-generates-b |title=T. Boone Pickens Generates Billions in Value Creation Through Energy |work=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]]|date=May 14, 2014|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last= Pickens |first= T. Boone |title= Boone |year= 1987 |publisher= Houghton Mifflin |location= Boston |isbn= 0-395-41433-4}} p. 73.</ref> He then shifted his focus to acquiring other oil and gas companies by making solicited and unsolicited buyout bids and other [[merger and acquisition]] activity. Pickens' corporate acquisitions made him well known during the 1980s, an era of extensive takeover activity. His most publicized deals included attempted buyouts of [[Citgo|Cities Service]], [[Gulf Oil]], [[Phillips Petroleum]], and [[Unocal]].<ref>{{Cite book |last= Pickens |first= T. Boone |title= Boone |year= 1987 |publisher= Houghton Mifflin |location= Boston |pages=149–260 |isbn= 0-395-41433-4}}</ref> During that period Pickens led two Mesa successful acquisitions of [[Pioneer Petroleum]] and the mid-continent assets of [[Tenneco]].<ref name="fastcompany"/>
Pickens became well known to the general public after the [[Gulf Oil]] takeover when ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070712182752/http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19850304,00.html T. Boone Pickens]. Time Magazine cover. March 4, 1985. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> put him on the cover for the March 1985 issue. He briefly considered running for president in the [[1988 United States presidential election|1988 elections]].<ref>{{Cite news| url =http://www.nasdaq.com/article/t-boone-pickens-recently-bought-these-5-energy-stocks-should-you-cm256195|title=T. Boone Pickens Recently Bought These 5 Energy Stocks – Should You?
| author= StreetAuthority|publisher=[[NASDAQ]] |date = June 27, 2013}}</ref> During this period, he was often characterized as a [[corporate raider]] and [[greenmailer]]. This is due to the fact that many of his deals were not completed, although Pickens and the shareholders he represented received substantial profits through the eventual sale of their [[stock]] as a result. His later takeover targets included [[Newmont Mining]], a New York-based firm, [[Diamond Shamrock]], and [[KI Holdings|Koito Mfg.]], Ltd., a Japanese auto-parts manufacturer, making substantial gains in the process.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.famoustexans.com/boonepickens.htm T. Boone Pickens]. Famoustexans.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> He was also involved in the creation of the United Shareholders Association (USA), which from 1986–1993 attempted to influence the governance of several large companies.<ref name="cnbc"/> After nearly two years of periodic hearing and debate, in July 1998 the [[United States Securities and Exchange Commission|Securities and Exchange Commission]] voted 4–1 to approve a [[One share, one vote|one-share, one-vote rule]], a primary USA objective.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1065280/000119312519114241/d707583ddef14a.htm|title=DEF 14A|publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref>
Pickens chaired the Board of Regents of [[West Texas A&M University|West Texas State University]] (now West Texas A&M University) in [[Canyon, Texas|Canyon]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/boone-pickens-and-the-roach-motel/|title=Boone Pickens and the Roach Motel|work=[[Texas Monthly]]|first=Emily|last=Yoffe|date=June 1998|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref> He organized a campaign in the mid-1980s against the ''[[Amarillo Globe-News]]'' newspaper, for what he claimed was inaccurate reporting about his deals and Mesa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/31/us/pickens-battles-his-hometown-press.html|title=Pickens Battles his Hometown Press|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 31, 1986|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref> Pickens' attempts to have the paper change its editorial policy failed. Shortly thereafter, in 1989, Pickens and Mesa moved to a suburb of [[Dallas]].<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/dont-cry-for-me-amarillo-6403288|title=Don't cry for me, Amarillo|work=[[Dallas Observer]]|date=October 10, 1996|last=Rozen|first=Miriam|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref> In 1996, Mesa was in deep financial trouble and was sold to financier [[Richard Rainwater]]. [[Darla Moore]], Rainwater's wife, had Pickens removed from the company.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/21/sports/golf/darla-moore-new-augusta-member-knows-about-barriers.html?_r=0|author=Mary Pilon|title=In World of Finance, One New Member Has Already Driven the Green|work=The New York Times|date=August 20, 2012|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/01/business/richard-rainwater-s-empire-adds-mesa.html|title=Richard Rainwater's Empire Adds Mesa|work=The New York Times|date=March 1, 1996|author=Allen R. Myerson|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref> Mesa merged with Parker & Parsley Petroleum in 1997 to form [[Pioneer Natural Resources]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/business/mesa-is-to-merge-with-parker-parsley.html|title=Mesa Is to Merge With Parker & Parsley|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1997|author=Carol Marie Cropper|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>
In 1997, Pickens founded BP Capital Management (then called BP Energy Fund) – the initials standing for "Boone Pickens" and not related to [[British Petroleum]].<ref name="cnbc"/> In 2006, Pickens earned $990 million from his equity in the two funds and $120 million from his share of the 20% fees applied to fund profits.<ref>Michael K. Ozanian and Peter J. Schwartz [https://www.forbes.com/free_forbes/2007/0521/102.html Forbes.com. "Wall Street's Highest Earners"]. Forbes.com. May 21, 2007. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> In 2007, Pickens earned $2.7 billion, as BP Capital Equity Fund, grew by 24% after fees, and the then $590 million Capital Commodity fund grew 40%, thanks to, among others, large positions in the stocks of [[Suncor Energy]], [[ExxonMobil]] and [[Occidental Petroleum]].<ref>Peter J. Schwartz [https://www.forbes.com/2008/04/15/paulson-falcone-earners-biz-wall-cz_js_0415wallstreet.html "Wall Street's Top Earners: Your Pain, Their Gain "]. Forbes.com. April 15, 2008. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> Once his health started declining, he closed the company in 2018.<ref name="cnbc"/>
In 2009, Pickens' received [[The Franklin Institute Awards|The Franklin Institute "Bower" Award]] for Business Leadership for 50 years of visionary leadership in oil and other types of energy production, including domestic renewable energy, and for his philanthropic leadership contributing to education, medical research, and wildlife conservation.
<ref>[http://www.fi.edu/franklinawards/09/bowerbus.html Bower Award for Business Leadership – The Franklin Institute Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429114856/http://www.fi.edu/franklinawards/09/bowerbus.html |date=2009-04-29}}. Fi.edu. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>
=== Natural gas ===
In his 2008 book, ''The First Billion is the Hardest'', Pickens noted a belief in the "peak oil" theory. He later altered that position, noting technical achievements of the domestic oil and natural gas industries in utilizing horizontal drilling and fracking to unlock shale oil and gas reserves. He called for the construction of more [[nuclear power plants]], the use of [[natural gas]] to power the country's transportation systems, and the promotion of [[alternative energy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/t-boone-pickens-texas-oil-tycoon-who-led-legendary-corporate-raids-dies-at-91/2019/09/11/5bf7a96a-cc0b-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html|title=T. Boone Pickens, Texas oil tycoon who led legendary corporate raids, dies at 91|work=[[The Washington Post]]|last=Power|first=Chris|date=September 11, 2019|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref> Pickens's involvement with the natural gas fueling campaign was long-running. He formed Pickens Fuel Corporation in 1997 and began promoting natural gas as the best vehicular fuel alternative.<ref name="cnbc"/> Reincorporated as Clean Energy Fuels Corporation in 2001, the company now owns and operates natural gas fueling stations from British Columbia to the Mexico–U.S. border.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1368265/000104746915001290/a2222980z10-k.htm|title=Clean Energy Fuels Corp|publisher= U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref>
== Political activity ==
Since 1980, Pickens made over $5 million in political donations.<ref>[http://www.newsmeat.com/billionaire_political_donations/T_Boone_Pickens.php T. Boone Pickens profile] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515002642/http://www.newsmeat.com/billionaire_political_donations/T_Boone_Pickens.php |date=May 15, 2006}} at Newsmeat.com</ref> He was a financial supporter of President [[George W. Bush]] and contributed heavily to both his Texas and national political campaigns. In 2004, Pickens contributed to Republican [[527 groups]], including a $2 million<ref>[http://www.opensecrets.org/527s/527indivsdetail.php?id=U0000000244&cycle=2004 Boone Pickens Contributions to 527 Organizations, 2004 cycle]. Retrieved 2010-02-22.</ref> contribution to the [[Swift Vets and POWs for Truth]] which ran a campaign asserting that Bush's rival, [[John Kerry]], exaggerated claims about his service in Vietnam, and $2.5 million to the [[Progress for America]] advocacy group. In 2005, Pickens was among 53 entities that contributed the maximum of $250,000 to Bush's second inauguration.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Jim |last=Drinkard |title=Donors get good seats, great access this week |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-16-inauguration-donors_x.htm |publisher=USA Today |date=2005-01-17 |access-date=2008-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Financing the inauguration |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-16-inaugural-donors_x.htm |publisher=USA Today |date= January 16, 2005|access-date=2008-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Some question inaugural's multi-million price tag |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-14-price_x.htm |publisher=USA Today |date=2005-01-14 |access-date=2008-05-25}}</ref>
On July 16, 2007, Pickens wrote an article for ''[[National Review]]'' supporting [[Rudy Giuliani]] for president. "In Rudy Giuliani, a gracious and committed public servant I've known for many years, we see that rare blend of big-picture vision and proven track record of achieving the 'impossible.' We see a forward-looking, accomplished executive eager to tackle the challenges of today's America and ensure that tomorrow we wake up stronger, freer, and more united than ever before."<ref>[http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MDUxYjFmNzA5ODBlNTVhZDFkMTFmYWNmMzg4NTliMjM= Rudy the Executive: An accomplished record to bank on] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020040728/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MDUxYjFmNzA5ODBlNTVhZDFkMTFmYWNmMzg4NTliMjM= |date=2007-10-20}}, ''[[National Review]]'', July 16, 2007</ref> Pickens was an executive committee member of the Rudy Giuliani presidential committee.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/giuliani-team-blog-entry-1.1666816|title=Giuliani'$ Team|work=[[New York Daily News]]|date=December 18, 2010|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>
Pickens chaired the celebration of the 40th anniversary of ''[[The American Spectator]]'', a conservative U.S. monthly magazine covering news and politics.<ref name=PCOLSpectator>Christopher Alleva [http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2007/11/happy_40th_to_the_american_spe.html "Happy 40th to The American Spectator!"]. American Thinker. November 5, 2007. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref>
Pickens focused his advocacy on [[alternative energy]] such as [[solar energy|solar]] and [[wind energy|wind]]. ''[[The Washington Post]]'' says that "perhaps the strangest role" Pickens "has fashioned for himself is his current one: the billionaire speculator as energy-wise man, an oil-and-gas magnate as the champion of wind power, and a lifetime Republican who has become a fellow traveler among environmentally-minded Democrats – even though he helped finance the '[[Swiftboating|Swift boat]]' ads that savaged" [[John Kerry|Sen. John F. Kerry's]] presidential campaign. In an editorial, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported Pickens "has decided that drilling for more oil is not the whole answer to the nation's energy problems."<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/usnews/politics/bulletin/bulletin_080722.htm Political Bulletin: Tuesday, July 22, 2008]. USNews.com (2008-07-22). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>
In the spring of 2010, Senator Kerry reached out to Pickens and encouraged his support of energy/climate change legislation he was drafting with Senators [[Joe Lieberman]] and [[Lindsey Graham]]. During a May 2010 meeting with reporters, Senator Kerry endorsed key provisions of "the Pickens Plan," incorporating aspects of that in the Kerry-backed legislation calling for the greater use of domestic natural gas to replace foreign oil‑diesel‑gasoline in America's heavy‑duty vehicle fleets.<ref name="blogs.reuters.com">[http://blogs.reuters.com/frontrow/2010/05/19/former-political-enemies-join-hands-to-save-the-world/ "Former political enemies join hands to save the world?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526175132/http://blogs.reuters.com/frontrow/2010/05/19/former-political-enemies-join-hands-to-save-the-world/ |date=2010-05-26}}. Blogs.reuters.com. May 19, 2010. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref>
=== Swift Boat challenge ===
{{Main|Swift Boat challenge}}
On November 6, 2007, Pickens offered a million dollars to anyone able to dispute any claims made in political ads by the [[Swift Vets and POWs for Truth]] (SVPT), a group he had supported during the 2004 presidential election.<ref name=Johnson /> John Kerry, whose military record and anti-war activism during Vietnam was the target of the group's book and media campaign, sent Pickens a letter on November 16, 2007, accepting the challenge, requesting that Pickens donate the money to the Paralyzed Veterans of America should he succeed in disproving any of the SVPT claims.<ref name=Johnson>{{Cite news
| url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2007/11/16/kerry_takes_oilman_pickens_up_on_1_million_swift_boat_challenge/
| title=Kerry takes oilman Pickens up on $1 million Swift Boat challenge
| first=Glen
| last=Johnson
| agency=Associated Press
| date=2007-11-16
| work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> In response to Kerry's acceptance of the challenge, Pickens issued a letter the same day, narrowing the original challenge to the SVPT ads, and requiring Kerry to provide his Vietnam journal, all of his military records, specifically those covering the years after his active duty service, and copies of all movies and tapes made during his service. Pickens' letter also challenged Kerry to agree to donate $1 million to the Congressional Medal of Honor Foundation, if Kerry "cannot prove anything in the Swift Boat ads to be untrue."<ref name=rainey>{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/politics/la-na-kerry17nov17,1,7546193.story?coll=la-news-politics-national&track=crosspromo|title=Kerry takes on 'Swift Boat' challenge|first=James|last=Rainey|work=The Los Angeles Times|date=2007-11-17}}</ref> Kerry later accused Pickens of "parsing and backtracking" on his initial offer and wrote that "I am prepared to prove the lie and marshal all the evidence, the question is whether you are prepared to fulfill your obligation."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.johnkerry.com/2007/11/20/senator-kerry-replies-to-pickens-moving-the-goalposts|title=Senator Kerry Responds to Pickens' Moving the Goalposts|publisher=John Kerry for U.S. Senate|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112185628/http://www.johnkerry.com/2007/11/20/senator-kerry-replies-to-pickens-moving-the-goalposts|archive-date=2008-01-12}}</ref>
On June 22, 2008, a group of Vietnam veterans who previously served with and then worked with Kerry accepted the challenge and sent a 12-page letter — with a 42-page attachment of military records to support their case – to rebut several of the accusations of the Swift Boat group.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/us/politics/22kerry.html|title=Veterans Rebut 'Swift Boat' Charges Against Kerry in Answer to Challenge | work=The New York Times | first=Kate | last=Zernike | date=June 22, 2008 | access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref> Pickens responded with a message stating "In reviewing your material, none of the information you provide speaks specifically to the issues contained in the ads," he wrote, "and, as a result, does not qualify for the $1 million."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/25/t-boone-pickens-says-no-deal/?scp=1&sq=Boone%20Pickens%20Swift&st=cse|title=T. Boone Pickens Says No Deal on Swift Boat Bounty. | work=The New York Times | first=Kate | last=Zernike | date=June 25, 2008 | access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref>
=== Lobbying efforts to stop horse slaughter ===
Pickens [[lobbying|lobbied]] for the American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act (HR 503) which would prohibit the slaughter for human consumption and the trade and transport of horse flesh and live horses intended for human consumption.<ref>Quaid, Libby. (2006-09-07) [http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/headline/nation/4171519.html House OKs ban on horse slaughter | Top stories | Chron.com – Houston Chronicle]. Chron.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>{{Cite book
| last = Pickens
| first = Boone
| title = The First Billion is the Hardest
| publisher = [[Crown Publishing Group|Crown]]
| year = 2008
| page = [https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/189 189]
| isbn = 978-0-307-39577-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/189
}}</ref>
=== Attempt to sell natural gas with a California ballot initiative ===
In November 2008, California voters rejected a referendum by a 60% to 40% margin regarding natural gas. Pickens owned Clean Energy Fuels Corporation, a natural gas fueling station company<ref>Associated Press (July 17, 2008) [http://www.wtop.com/?nid=25&sid=1442362 "2 counties want natural gas fueling station"] ''Baltimore Sun'' (wtop.com).</ref> which was the primary backer of the [[California Proposition 10 (2008)|November 2008 Proposition 10]] on [[California]]'s ballot. Much of the measure's sale of $5 billion in general fund [[Bond (finance)|bonds]] to provide alternative energy rebates and incentives ($9.8 billion after interest) would have benefitted Pickens' company to the exclusion of almost all other clean-vehicle fuels and technology.<ref>Rubenstein, A. (July 29, 2008) [http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-rubenstein29-2008jul29,0,2980323.story "T. Boone Pickens' 'clean' secret"] ''Los Angeles Times''</ref>
== Philanthropy ==
Pickens gave more than $700 million away to charity,<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS249707+21-May-2008+BW20080521 ADDING MULTIMEDIA T. Boone Pickens Makes $100 Million Gift to Oklahoma State University,...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110224827/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS249707+21-May-2008+BW20080521 |date=2009-01-10}}. Reuters. May 21, 2008</ref> of which nearly $500 million was donated to [[Oklahoma State University]].<ref name="Off">Gavin Off, [http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=11&articleid=20100804_11_0_Fortyo272829&archive=yes "Kaiser, Pickens pledge to donate half their wealth"], ''[[Tulsa World]]'', August 4, 2010.</ref> Pickens was among the billionaires who have made [[The Giving Pledge]], a commitment to give away half of his wealth for charitable purposes.<ref name="Off" />
=== Donations to Oklahoma State University ===
[[File:Boone Pickens Stadium.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.15|Boone Pickens Stadium at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma.]]
Pickens was a major financial contributor to his alma mater, the [[Stillwater, Oklahoma|Stillwater]] campus of Oklahoma State University (OSU). Through his contributions, Pickens spearheaded an initiative to create an athletic village just north of the existing campus. In order to do so, hundreds of houses were acquired by the OSU administration, one via [[eminent domain]], and demolished using Pickens' contributions.
Pickens' gift remains the largest donation to a university's athletic program in collegiate history. His total contributions to OSU came to over $1 billion. Over $265 million, or 26.5%, of his donations were towards athletics. Pickens also made substantial academic gifts to Oklahoma State University, particularly to the Boone Pickens School of Geology, which is named for him.
On December 30, 2005, Pickens made a $165 million gift to Oklahoma State University. ''The New York Times'' reported that "the money spent less than an hour on December 30 in the account of the university's charity, O.S.U. Cowboy Golf Inc., before it was invested in a [[hedge fund]] controlled by Pickens, BP Capital Management."<ref name=waive>Stephanie Strom [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/24/national/24pickens.html?ex=1140930000&en=da19748d91540a35&ei=5070 Billionaire Gives a Big Gift but Still Gets to Invest It] ''The New York Times''. February 24, 2006</ref> Pickens, who was on the board of the O.S.U. Cowboy Golf waived any management fees for the OSU monies.<ref>{{Cite book
| last = Pickens
| first = Boone
| title = The First Billion is the Hardest
| publisher = [[Crown Publishing Group|Crown]]
| year = 2008
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/181 181–82]
| isbn = 978-0-307-39577-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/181
}}</ref> All profits of the fund go to enlarging the OSU gift. The gift is intended to help fund an upgrade of the football stadium and construction of an athletic village but sparked controversy because OSU planned to use [[eminent domain]] to acquire residential property for the projects.<ref>[http://www.channeloklahoma.com/news/7258470/detail.html?rss=okl&psp=news Document: OSU Planned Eminent Domain Use – Oklahoma City News Story – KOCO Oklahoma City]{{Dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}. Channeloklahoma.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> The donation followed a $70 million gift from Pickens to OSU in 2003, which was similarly structured using O.S.U. Cowboy Golf, Inc.
On July 28, 2007, the Board of Regents of Oklahoma State University approved a resolution to move $28 million from the OSU Foundation into Pickens' BP Capital Management company in Dallas. Oklahoma State had previously invested $277 million in the fund. Pickens waived fees for the university's investments with his fund.<ref name=waive /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Okla. St. hopes investing with alum Pickens will help athletic expansion|agency=Associated Press|work=ESPN.com|date=July 28, 2007|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2952800}}</ref>
On May 21, 2008, Pickens donated $100 million to academics at Oklahoma State University. The gift was to be matched by the state of Oklahoma.<ref>Lisa Lewis {{Cite web |url=http://ocolly.com/2008/05/21/boone-pickens-announces-100m-donation-to-osu/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080919233730/http://ocolly.com/2008/05/21/boone-pickens-announces-100m-donation-to-osu/ |archive-date=September 19, 2008 |title=Boone Pickens announces $100M donation to OSU |url-status=dead |access-date=June 1, 2016}}. The Daily O'Collegian. May 21, 2008</ref><ref>{{Cite book| last = Pickens| first = Boone| title = The First Billion is the Hardest| publisher = [[Crown Publishing Group|Crown]]| year = 2008| isbn = 978-0-307-39577-1| page = [https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/169 169]| url = https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/169}}</ref> In October 2008, it was reported in ''The New York Times'' that due to the recent financial recession, some of Pickens's gifts to the athletic department had seen a large decline in their market value while being managed in his hedge funds. The same article noted that due to the worldwide recession, most other schools and charitable organizations were also experiencing problems with investments. The article also mentions that Pickens' management of donated funds had previously "turned $6 million into $31 million" for the school's athletic fund.<ref name=waive /><ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/21/sports/21boosters.html?_r=1&em&oref=slogin | work=The New York Times | title=Financial Straits of Boosters Hit Athletic Programs | first1=Joe | last1=Drape | first2=Thayer | last2=Evans | date=October 21, 2008 | access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref>
=== Humanitarian contributions ===
Pickens and employees of his BP Capital LLC donated $7 million to the [[Hurricane Katrina|Hurricane Katrina relief]] effort. The ''[[Chronicle of Philanthropy]]'' lists Pickens as among its largest charitable givers 2005 and 2006. He has donated nearly a half a billion dollars to philanthropic causes during his career. In 2005 in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, Pickens together with his then-wife Madeleine, chartered airplanes to transport dogs rescued from the floodwaters in [[New Orleans]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/making-a-difference/sdut-hurricane-katrina-orleans-dogs-shelters-pickens-2015aug28-story.html|title= Katrina dog evacuees flew first class|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|last=Bell|first=Diane|date=August 28, 2015|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref> On November 6, 2006, Pickens donated $5 million toward the construction of [[Texas Woman's University]]'s T. Boone Pickens Institute of Health Sciences-Dallas Center.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/arts/is-texas-womans-university-the-fugliest-building-in-dallas-8822763|title=Is Texas Woman's University the Fugliest Building in Dallas?|work=Dalls Observer|last=Skinner|first=Paige|date=October 21, 2016|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>
On May 16, 2007, Pickens donated $100 million to two [[University of Texas]] health care institutions. The gifts were donated to the [[UT Southwestern Medical Center]] at Dallas and [[The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center]] in Houston. The donations are required to grow to $1 billion within 25 years before they can be disbursed by the recipient institutions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.myplainview.com/news/article/T-Boone-Pickens-donates-100-million-to-Texas-8501996.php|title=T. Boone Pickens donates $100 million to Texas medical centers|work=[[Plainview Daily Herald]]|last=Madkour|first=Rasha|date=May 15, 2007|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref> On August 23, 2007, Bizjournals.com reported that Pickens would be donating $2.5 million to [[Happy Hill Farm Academy]]/Home, a residential school for at-risk children and teenagers, to build a training center and guest lodge. Pickens donated $1 million to Happy Hill Farm for the construction of a new academic campus at the residential school in February 2007.<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2007/08/20/daily33.html "Pickens gives $2.5M to residential school]. Dallas Business Journal. August 23, 2007. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> On December 5, 2007, the ''[[Dallas Business Journal]]'' reported that Pickens had donated $6 million to Jubilee Park located at S. Carroll Avenue and Lindsley/Parry Avenue in Dallas and would man a bulldozer to begin demolition of an abandoned building across the street from a kindergarten Head Start program in Jubilee Park.<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2007/12/03/daily15.html "Leppert, Pickens announce major donation"]. Dallas Business Journal. December 5, 2007.</ref>
On June 20, 2008, Pickens donated $25 million to the [[University of Calgary]]'s Faculty of Medicine during a visit with [[Calgary Flames]] owner [[Harley Hotchkiss]].<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/billionaire-hands-u-of-c-unexpected-25m-gift-1.725241 "Billionaire hands U of C unexpected $25M gift"]. CBC. June 20, 2008.</ref> On October 21, 2008, Pickens donated $5 million to the Downtown Dallas YMCA. The Downtown YMCA was subsequently renamed the "T. Boone Pickens YMCA" in his honor. "I want this gift to encourage individuals, corporations and the entire city to make a serious commitment to fitness and health," Boone Pickens said. "This money isn't just helping people work out – it will revitalize this area and make the YMCA a place for the citizens of Dallas today, and will inspire our next generation to be healthy."<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2008/10/20/daily16.html "T. Boone Pickens donates to Dallas YMCA"]. Dallas Business Journal. October 21, 2008.</ref> In December 2008, the Texas Legislative Conference honored Pickens as its "Texan of the Year."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/2008/12/08/daily5.html|title=Activism earns Pickens 'Texan of the Year' honor|work=San Antonio Business Journal|date=December 8, 2008|access-date=2008-12-11}}</ref>
In 2010, Pickens was awarded the annual, "Effecting Change" award by [[100 Women in Hedge Funds]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.absolutereturn-alpha.com/Article/2649270/T-Boone-Pickens-Ladies-man.html|work=Absolute Return + Alpha|title=T. Boone Pickens: Ladies Man|author=Suzy Kenly Waite|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227080527/http://www.absolutereturn-alpha.com/Article/2649270/T-Boone-Pickens-Ladies-man.html|archive-date=2010-12-27}}</ref> Pickens also donated over $11 million to The University of Texas at Dallas Center for Brain Health to fund educational and research initiatives in the area of brain science.<ref>Christopher Helman, [https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2008/0630/076.html "Inside T. Boone Pickens' Brain,"] ''[[Forbes]]'', June 12, 2018.</ref> Part of the donation is funding the "T. Boone Pickens Distinguished Scientist" chair that is held by Dr. Ian Robertson, Ph. D.
=== Honors and awards ===
In 1984, Pickens received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business}}</ref> In 2003, Pickens was inducted into the [[Oklahoma Hall of Fame]].<ref name="OHOF">[http://www.oklahomaheritage.com/Portals/0/docs/T%20Boone%20Pickens.pdf Oklahoma Hall of Fame: T. Boone Pickens]</ref> In May 2012, Pickens was awarded the [[Albert Schweitzer]] Leadership Award by the [[HOBY|Hugh O'Brian Youth Leadership Foundation]] for his lifetime of accomplishments and in particular for the example that he has set for the future leaders of the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.amarillo.com/news/local-news/business/2017-11-29/fast-facts-t-boone-pickens|title=Fast Facts: T Boone Pickens|work=[[Amarillo Globe-News]]|last=Ricci|first=Jay|date=November 29, 2017|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>
== Alternative energy ==
On September 19, 2007, Pickens told [[CNBC]] that the price of oil could rise to $100 per barrel. "Demand is up and supply is flat, so it's got to go on up," said Pickens, whose company was betting on [[natural gas]] for vehicles. "I can give you an Oklahoma guarantee<ref>[http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/oklahoma_guarantee/ defines the term] ''"An "Oklahoma guarantee" isn't much of a guarantee. The term probably began with Oklahoma used car dealers offering shady "guarantees" for their used cars."''</ref> that natural gas will never sell above [[Diesel fuel|diesel]] and gasoline prices" as fuel for vehicles, Pickens added.<ref>Amy Strahan [http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?articleID=070920_5_E4_spanc60366 Tulsa World. Pickens sees $100 oil, maybe in 2008"]. Tulsaworld.com. September 20, 2007. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref>
On January 2, 2008, the first contract for $100 bbl oil was sold on the [[NYMEX]] exchange.<ref>[http://blogs.opisnet.com/archive/2008/01/02/one-brief-shining-100-bbl-moment-so-far.aspx One Brief Shining $100 Bbl Moment.. So Far] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919074825/http://blogs.opisnet.com/archive/2008/01/02/one-brief-shining-100-bbl-moment-so-far.aspx |date=2008-09-19}}, January 2, 2008 Oil Price Information Service report by Tom Kloza.</ref> In early July 2008, the price of oil briefly closed above $145 per barrel. By the beginning of September 2008, the price of oil settled to under $110 per barrel. By October 9, 2008, the price plummeted back below $85 per barrel. As of November 21, 2008, the price of oil had fallen below $50 a barrel, mostly riding fears of a global [[recession]].<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/2008-11-12-oil-wednesday_N.htm | work=USA Today | title=Oil drops to just above $56 a barrel on global growth pessimism | date=November 13, 2008 | access-date=May 24, 2010 | first=Dirk | last=Lammers}}</ref>
Subsequently, in early 2009, Pickens restated during a [[Meet the Press]] interview with Tom Brokaw that he would bet $10 the price of oil would "be back to $100 a year from now". Two weeks later reporter [[John Stossel]] made a public $10,000 bet with Pickens about whether or not the price of oil would surpass $100 by the first quarter of 2010.<ref>[http://www.lonelyconservative.com/2010/01/21/video-john-stossels-energy-special/ Video: John Stossel's Energy Special] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123220238/http://www.lonelyconservative.com/2010/01/21/video-john-stossels-energy-special/ |date=2010-01-23}}. The Lonely Conservative. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref> The bet ended on May 22, 2010, with the price of oil at $69.92.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allaboutalpha.com/blog/2019/09/17/boone-pickens-a-trailblazer-passes-on/|title=Boone Pickens, A Trailblazer, Passes On|publisher=All About Alpha|date=September 17, 2019|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref>
=== Wind power ===
{{Main|Wind power|Wind power in the United States|Wind power in Texas}}
In June 2007, Pickens announced the intention to build the world's largest [[Wind power|wind farm]] by installing large [[wind turbine]]s in parts of four [[Texas Panhandle]] counties. The project would produce up to four [[gigawatts]] of [[electricity]]. Pickens' [[Mesa Power LP]] will undertake the construction. If completed, the farm would generate more than five times the 735 megawatts produced at the present largest such farm near [[Abilene, Texas|Abilene]], according to Susan Williams Sloan, spokesman for the American Wind Energy Association.<ref>[http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/061407/nat_061407027.shtml Pickens aims to build world's largest wind farm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015358/http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/061407/nat_061407027.shtml |date=2007-09-30}}. Lubbockonline.com (2007-06-14). Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref>
On August 16, 2007, Pickens' [[Mesa Power]] announced that it had filed documents with the state of Texas to add four [[gigawatts]] of [[electricity]] to the state grid. The filing with the [[Electric Reliability Council of Texas]] (ERCOT) projected that the project would be completed in 2011 and would include up to 2,700 turbines on up to {{Convert|200000|acre|km2}} in [[Roberts County, Texas|Roberts]] and adjacent counties in the Texas Panhandle. "We are now meeting with Panhandle landowners and negotiating wind lease and easement agreements," said Pickens. "We are excited at how quickly the pieces are falling into place."<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/08-16-2007/0004647032&EDATE= Mesa Power's Plans for World's Largest Wind Farm Move Forward with ERCOT Filing]. Prnewswire.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref>
On January 30, 2008, ''The Oklahoman'' reported that Pickens was ready to start buying [[wind turbine]]s for the project within a month, that he planned to buy between 1,700 and 2,000 turbines, and that they will cost from $200 million to $300 million.<ref name=PCOLOklahoman /> Pickens added that he has been approached by twenty potential partners on the project but has not yet made a final decision.<ref name=PCOLOklahoman /> "We have not picked any banker and we have not picked any partner," Pickens said.<ref name=PCOLOklahoman /> "It is kind of nice ... I have decided I can get pretty far down the track before having to make those choices."<ref name=PCOLOklahoman>Jack Money [http://www.newsok.com/article/3198755/ "Boone Pickens shares his views on energy, politics, the Olympics, OSU's new president"]. Newsok.com. January 30, 2008. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> Pickens predicted that similar wind farm projects could be built in the Texas Panhandle and the Canada–US border in the future.<ref name=PCOLOklahoman />
On May 15, 2008, Pickens' Mesa Power announced that it had placed a first order for 667 1.5-megawatt turbines from [[General Electric]].<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/OILPRD/idUSN1521224020080515 | title=UPDATE 2-Pickens' Mesa Power orders GE wind turbines | first=Matt | last=Daily | date=May 15, 2008 | work=Reuters}}</ref> The turbines will be delivered in 2010 and 2011.<!-- Please don't add an apostrophe, it's not correct --> On July 17, 2008, the Texas Public Utilities Commission approved ratepayer funding of $4.98 billion in electric transmission lines to connect wind farms in the Texas Panhandle to the electric grid.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/07/20/business/19wind.php |first=Kate |last=Galbraith |date=2008-07-20 |title=Texas approves a $4.93 billion wind-power project |work=International Herold Tribune |quote=Transmission companies will pay the upfront costs of the project. They will recoup the money from power users, at a rate of about $4 a month for residential customers.}}</ref> This implements the provisions of a 2005 Texas law designed to promote new wind energy projects.<ref>[http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2008/2008-07-18-094.asp Texas to Spend Billions on Wind Power Transmission Lines]. Ens-newswire.com (2008-07-18). Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref>
On July 8, 2009, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that T. Boone Pickens has postponed plans to build his Texas wind farm. He said the project was stopped partly because the existing transmission line capacity wasn't available. His company had planned to build new lines, but couldn't get financing. On the same date, ''[[The New York Times]]'', reported that Pickens is committed to purchasing 667 wind turbines and will develop wind projects for them. On his Mesa Power Group website, Pickens said he expected to continue the development of the Pampa project, but not at the pace originally expected.
On December 15, 2010, Nathanael Baker, in an article for www.theenergycollective.com, wrote that Pickens has scrapped plans for wind farms and will instead focus exclusively on natural gas. According to the article, on December 10, 2010, [[MSNBC]] reported that "Pickens said low natural gas prices have made utility companies view wind power as too expensive."<ref>{{Cite web|title=T. Boone Pickens Drops Wind Power From His Energy Plan|author=Nathanael Baker|publisher=theenergycollective.com|date=December 15, 2010|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://theenergycollective.com/nathanaelbaker/48644/t-boone-pickens-drops-wind-power-his-energy-plan}}</ref>
=== The Pickens Plan ===
{{Main|Pickens Plan}}
On July 8, 2008, Pickens announced a major energy policy proposal, called the [[Pickens Plan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pickens Plan|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://www.pickensplan.com}}</ref> The plan promotes a radical reduction in the United States' dependency upon foreign energy, particularly oil provided by nations in the [[OPEC]] cartel. Although the plan calls for the introduction of various alternatives to oil, including wind and solar, its major component is the conversion of the nation's commercial transport sector away from OPEC diesel to natural gas.<ref>[https://blogs.wsj.com/environmentalcapital/2008/07/08/big-pickens-t-boone-the-oilman-ups-the-ante-in-his-wind-bet Big Pickens: T. Boone the Oilman Ups the Ante in his Wind Bet], July 8, 2008, ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''.</ref> The Pickens Plan also calls for the United States to utilize its wind corridor in the middle of the country stretching from Texas northerly through the [[Great Plains]] to the Canada–US border. He noted in Congressional testimony in July 2008 that his plan would generate new jobs and provide economic stimulus to this area while noting that it would also require new [[transmission lines]] which traditionally antagonize some environmentalists and/or nearby populations. The announcement of the plan also coincided with Pickens' need for federal subsidies for the wind to be renewed, as he had already begun placing orders for his planned wind farm in Texas.<ref>Johnson, Keith (May 15, 2008). [https://blogs.wsj.com/environmentalcapital/2008/05/15/texas-wind-boone-pickens-big-big-bet/ "Texas wind: Boone Pickens' big, big bet"]. ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''.</ref>
Pickens wanted to spend $58 million on his multi-media effort to promote the Pickens Plan. The multi-media campaign included traditional media, such as newspaper and TV, and new media, such as [[YouTube]] and [[Facebook]].<ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D91PUFLO0.htm Financial News] [[Business Week]].</ref> The television ads for the Pickens Plan were produced by veteran Democratic political consultant, [[Joe Slade White]].<ref>Allison Fass, [https://www.forbes.com/2008/07/11/pickensplan-wind-energy-tech-science-cz_af_0710pickens.html "Pickens Goes For The Grass Roots"], July 11, 2008, ''[[Forbes]]''.</ref> [[Carl Pope (environmentalist)|Carl Pope]], executive director of the [[Sierra Club]], expressed support for the Pickens Plan.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/2008-07-08-t-boone-pickens-plan-wind-energy_N.htm T. Boone Pickens Plan: Wind Energy], July 8, 2008, ''[[USA Today]]''.</ref> Pickens' proposal for increased use of natural gas in heavy-duty trucks and fleet vehicles is included in the NAT GAS Act (H.R. 1835 and S. 1408)<ref>[https://www.cnbc.com/id/36497893/Natural_Gas_Plan_Gaining_Support_in_Congress_Pickens "Natural Gas Plan Gaining Support in Congress: Pickens"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013095457/https://www.cnbc.com/id/36497893/Natural_Gas_Plan_Gaining_Support_in_Congress_Pickens |date=2013-10-13}}. CNBC. April 14, 2010. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</ref> and the American Power Act.<ref name="blogs.reuters.com" />
On February 21, 2013, Pickens spoke on behalf of Clean Energy Fuels along with New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg in support of a new eco-friendly food truck. A press conference took place in front of the city hall where the company, Neapolitan Express, explained how their mobile pizzeria emits 75% fewer greenhouse gases than trucks running on gas or diesel. The company launched in early 2013.<ref>Moore, Tina. [http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/city-neapolitan-express-unveil-eco-friendly-food-truck-article-1.1270160 "Neapolitan Express unveils city's first eco-friendly food truck powered by compressed natural gas"]. ''[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]'' (New York). February 21, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2013.</ref>
== Personal life and death ==
In 1949, Pickens married Lynn O'Brien. They had four children together; Deborah Pickens, Michael O. Pickens, Thomas B. Pickens III, and Pam Pickens. Pickens divorced Lynn in 1971. In April 1972, Pickens married Beatrice "Bea" Carr Stuart and adopted one of her daughters, Elizabeth "Liz" Cordia. They had no children together.<ref name="fortunehunter">{{Cite news|title=Fortune Hunter|author=Harry Hunt III|publisher=Conde Nast Portfolio|date=April 16, 2007|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://upstart.bizjournals.com/executives/features/2007/04/16/Fortune-Hunter.html?page=all}}</ref> In November 2000, Pickens married Nelda Cain. They divorced in November 2004. They had no children together.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Return Of The Raider At 73, former takeover artist T. Boone Pickens Jr. is doing deals, making big money, and learning--at long last--how to be happy.|author=Joseph Nocera|publisher=Fortune|date=May 27, 2002|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2002/05/27/323668/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222065500/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2002/05/27/323668/|archive-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref> In 2005, Pickens married [[Madeleine A. Pickens|Madeleine Paulson]], the third wife and widow of the founder of [[Gulfstream Aerospace]], [[Allen E. Paulson]]. Pickens and Madeleine lived in [[Preston Hollow, Dallas]] and owned a ranch along the [[Canadian River]] in the [[Texas Panhandle]]. They divorced amicably in 2012 and had no children together.<ref>{{Cite web|title=T. Boone and Madeleine Pickens' Super Sad True Divorce Story|author=Sonia Smith|publisher=Texas Monthly|date=October 4, 2012|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://www.texasmonthly.com/story/t-boone-and-madeleine-pickens'-super-sad-true-divorce-story}}</ref> It was reported on December 4, 2013 that Pickens' [[public relations]] representative told an [[KXAS-TV|NBC 5]] affiliate reporter that he had proposed to Toni Chapman Brinker, widow of restaurateur [[Norman E. Brinker|Norman Brinker]], at his ranch in [[Pampa, Texas|Pampa]]. The couple married on February 14, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=T. Boone Pickens and Toni Brinker's Valentine's Day wedding in prairie chapel|author=Alan Peppard|publisher=Dallas Morning News|date=February 14, 2014|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://popcultureblog.dallasnews.com/2014/02/t-boone-pickens-and-toni-brinkers-valentines-day-wedding-in-prairie-chapel.html/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426085324/http://popcultureblog.dallasnews.com/2014/02/t-boone-pickens-and-toni-brinkers-valentines-day-wedding-in-prairie-chapel.html/|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> The couple later divorced in June 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mansionglobal.com/articles/78652-financier-t-boone-pickens-lists-dallas-mansion-for-6-million|title=Financier T. Boone Pickens Lists Dallas Mansion for $6 Million|last=Lucking|first=Liz|access-date=2018-05-02|language=en}}</ref>
Pickens had four biological children and one adopted daughter.<ref name="fortunehunter" /> {{As of|2007}}, Pickens had twelve grandchildren.<ref name="UTPDF">{{Cite web|title=T. Boone Pickens, Chairman and CEO, BP Capital |publisher=University of Texas System |date=2007 |url=http://www.utsystem.edu/news/2007/PickensBio.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031113846/http://www.utsystem.edu/news/2007/PickensBio.pdf |archive-date=October 31, 2007}}</ref> In 2007, Pickens' son Michael O. Pickens of [[Nocona, Texas]] was sentenced to probation for a [[penny stock]] trading scheme and entered drug rehabilitation afterward, emerging in March 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|title=T. Boone Pickens' son gets probation in fraud case|author=Paritosh Bansal|publisher=Reuters|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pickens-sentencing-idUSN1040329320071210}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=T. Boone Pickens Picks Up His Son's Bill For Stock Fraud Scheme|author=Robert Wilonsky|publisher=Dallas Observer|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=May 4, 2014 | url=http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2007/12/t_boone_pickens_picks_up_his_s.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Boone Pickens's Son Gets 5 Years Probation for Scam (Update2)|author=David Glovin|publisher=Bloomberg News|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aCpvWcfdWwnA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Son of T. Boone Pickens charged with burglary of fly fishing shop|agency=Associated Press|publisher=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|date=June 17, 2006|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://lubbockonline.com/stories/061706/nat_061706046.shtml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Son of Famous OSU Alum Arrested|agency=Associated Press|publisher=KXII|date=July 20, 2005|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://www.kxii.com/home/headlines/1717092.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coral Gables Promoter Charged In Fax Scheme|author=Ian Katz|publisher=Florida Sun-Sentinel|date=July 19, 2005|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2005-07-19/business/0507180279_1_faxes-stock-tip-boone-pickens}}</ref> In October 2012, Michael, then 58 years old, began blogging under the title "5 Days In Connecticut."<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 Days In Connecticut|author=Michael Pickens|date=October 2012|url=http://michaelpickens.blogspot.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306214148/http://michaelpickens.blogspot.com/|archive-date=2014-03-06}}</ref> In the blog, he made a number of allegations about his family, including that his drug addiction stemmed from physical abuse by his father, T. Boone Pickens. He also claimed his siblings stole from their mother and were addicted to drugs, and that his father sabotaged a family member's business. Pickens and three of his children – Elizabeth Cordia, Pamela Pickens and Thomas B. Pickens III – subsequently filed a lawsuit against Michael.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pickens family in fight over tell-all blog|author=Maria Halkias|publisher=Dallas Morning News|date=March 29, 2013|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://bizbeatblog.dallasnews.com/2013/03/pickens-family-in-fight-over-tell-all-blog.html/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528040317/http://bizbeatblog.dallasnews.com/2013/03/pickens-family-in-fight-over-tell-all-blog.html/|archive-date=May 28, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=T. Boone Pickens is in a Strange Family Legal Feud Over His Son's Tell-All Blog|author=Eric Nicholson|publisher=Dallas Observer|date=April 19, 2013|access-date=May 4, 2013|url=http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2013/04/t_boone_pickens_lawsuit_tell-a.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pickens Family Feuding Over Tell-All Blog|author=David Lee|publisher=Courthouse News Service|date=April 8, 2013|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=http://www.courthousenews.com/2013/04/08/56477.htm}}</ref> They alleged libel, invasion of privacy and extortion via cyberbullying and cyberstalking. The plaintiffs said the blog was part of an effort to extort $20 million from Pickens.<ref name="sonsuit">{{Cite news|title=Billionaire T. Boone Pickens Sues His Son, Alleging 'Cyberbullying|work=Forbes|author=Caleb Melby|date=April 16, 2013|access-date=May 17, 2013|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/calebmelby/2013/04/16/billionaire-t-boone-pickens-sues-his-son-alleging-cyberbullying/}}</ref> In January 2013, Pickens' 21-year-old grandson Thomas "Ty" Boone Pickens IV died from a [[heroin]] overdose.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Autopsy: T. Boone Pickens' grandson died from heroin|agency=Associated Press|publisher=USAToday.com|date=April 25, 2013|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/04/25/t-boone-pickens-grandson-dies/2113391/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Boone Pickens' grandson dies at Fort Worth hospital|url=http://www.star-telegram.com/2013/01/29/4583852/t-boone-pickens-grandson-dies.html#storylink=cpy|author=Domingo Ramirez Jr.|publisher=Star Telegram|date=January 29, 2013|access-date=May 4, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222001532/http://www.star-telegram.com/2013/01/29/4583852/t-boone-pickens-grandson-dies.html#storylink=cpy|archive-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref> Ty, the son of Thomas B. Pickens III, was a student at [[Texas Christian University]] in [[Fort Worth, Texas]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Billionaire T. Boone Pickens Sues His Son, Alleging 'Cyberbullying'|author=Caleb Melby|work=Forbes.com|date=April 16, 2013|access-date=May 4, 2014|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/calebmelby/2013/04/16/billionaire-t-boone-pickens-sues-his-son-alleging-cyberbullying/}}</ref>
In July 2009, Pickens was the subject of controversy after he had a construction crew go to his grandmother's former home, that was now owned by someone else, in [[Holdenville, Oklahoma]] and remove a slab of driveway concrete that he had signed as a child.<ref>{{Cite news | first = Sonya | last = Colberg | title = Pickens' signature taken from Holdenville man's driveway | date = 2009-07-13 | url = http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=12&articleid=20090713_298_0_HOLDEN425581 | work = [[Tulsa World]] | access-date = 2011-02-12}}</ref> The current owner of the home asserted ownership, and the slab was returned.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Pickens returns slab, court battle looms | date = 2009-07-30 | url = http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2009/07/30/Pickens-returns-slab-court-battle-looms/UPI-80631248983704/ | work = [[UPI]] | access-date = 2011-02-12}}</ref> In February 2010, a judge ruled that the slab belonged to the current homeowner.<ref>{{Cite news | first = Sonya | last = Colberg | title = Driveway slab Pickens took is back with homeowner | date = 2010-02-25 | url = http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=11&articleid=20100225_12_A7_HLEVLE645696&allcom=1 | work = [[Tulsa World]] | access-date = 2011-02-12}}</ref>
Pickens died at his home in Dallas on September 11, 2019.<ref name="cnbc">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/11/t-boone-pickens-oracle-of-oil-and-corporate-raider-dies-at-91.html|title=T. Boone Pickens, the 'Oracle of Oil,' corporate raider and billionaire philanthropist, dies at 91|publisher=[[CNBC.com]]|date=September 11, 2019|last=Steinberg|first=Marty|access-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref> He was in declining health and suffered a series of strokes and a fall in 2017, but the cause of death was not disclosed at the time of his death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/11/t-boone-pickens-oracle-of-oil-and-corporate-raider-dies-at-91.html|title=T. Boone Pickens, the 'Oracle of Oil,' corporate raider and billionaire philanthropist, dies at 91|last=Steinberg|first=Marty|date=2019-09-11|website=CNBC|language=en|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | last = Power | first = Chris | title = T. Boone Pickens, Texas oil tycoon who led legendary corporate raids, dies at 91 | website = washingtonpost.com | publisher = WaPo | date = September 11, 2019 | url = https://beta.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/t-boone-pickens-texas-oil-tycoon-who-led-legendary-corporate-raids-dies-at-91/2019/09/11/5bf7a96a-cc0b-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html | access-date = September 11, 2019}}</ref> On September 18, 2019, his foundation published "A final message from T. Boone Pickens shared before his passing on September 11, 2019", a personal reflection about his life, lessons learned and his mortality.<ref>{{cite news | title = A final message from T. Boone Pickens shared before his passing on September 11, 2019 | url = https://boonepickens.com/?p=2343| date = September 18, 2019| publisher = boonepickens.com | access-date = June 5, 2020}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Bibliography ==
* Pickens, T. Boone, ''The First Billion is the Hardest: Reflections on a life of Comebacks and America's Energy Future'', 2008, {{ISBN|0-307-39577-4}}
* Pickens, Boone, ''The Luckiest Guy in the World'', 2001, {{ISBN|1-58798-019-3}}
* Pickens, Boone, ''Boone'', 1987, {{ISBN|0-395-47811-1}}
== External links ==
* {{Cite web | title = Boone Pickens | publisher = BP Capital Fund Advisors | url = https://www.bpcfunds.com/content/team/boone-pickens/ | access-date = 2018-12-02}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927231934/http://www.horatioalger.com/members/member_info.cfm?memberid=PIC06 Biography of Boone Pickens (Horatio Alger Awards)]
* [http://www.pickensplan.com PickensPlan]
* {{C-SPAN|tpickens}}
* [http://writetv.okstate.edu/bestofWOL.html ''Write TV'' Public Television Interview with T. Boone Pickens]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110426162352/http://us.hsmglobal.com/interior/index.php?p=speaker&idPersona=4245&idEvento=184 T. Boone Pickens Biography and Session Description] on the [[World Business Forum]] where Pickens is a featured speaker for the 2009 event
*[http://www.voicesofoklahoma.com/interview/pickens-boone/ Voices of Oklahoma interview with T. Boone Pickens.] First person interview conducted on August 6, 2010, with T. Boone Pickens.
* [http://seekingalpha.com/article/312319-t-boone-pickens-and-andrew-hall-are-bullish-about-these-energy-stocks T. Boone Pickens And Andrew Hall Are Bullish About These Energy Stocks] December 7, 2011. Seeking Alpha
* {{Find a Grave|202923261}}
{{Private equity investors}}
{{National Football Foundation Distinguished American Award}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pickens, T. Boone}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:American billionaires]]
[[Category:American businesspeople in the oil industry]]
[[Category:American chairpersons of corporations]]
[[Category:American environmentalists]]
[[Category:American financiers]]
[[Category:American hedge fund managers]]
[[Category:American investors]]
[[Category:American money managers]]
[[Category:Ranchers from Texas]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Texas]]
[[Category:Corporate raiders]]
[[Category:Giving Pledgers]]
[[Category:21st-century philanthropists]]
[[Category:National Review people]]
[[Category:Oklahoma State University alumni]]
[[Category:People associated with solar power]]
[[Category:People associated with wind power]]
[[Category:People from Amarillo, Texas]]
[[Category:People from Holdenville, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Amarillo High School alumni]]
[[Category:Private equity and venture capital investors]]
[[Category:Sustainability advocates]]
[[Category:The American Spectator people]]
[[Category:Texas A&M University alumni]]
[[Category:Texas Republicans]]
[[Category:Activists from Texas]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:20th-century American philanthropists]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
{{Short description|American financier; Chairman, BP Capital Management}}
{{Infobox person
-| name = T. Boone Pickens
-| image = T Boone Pickens 2011 Shankbone.JPG
+| name = T. Bone Pickens
+| image = T Bone Pickens 2011 Shankbone.JPG
| image_size =
| caption = Pickens at the 2011 [[Time 100]] gala
-| birth_name = Thomas Boone Pickens Jr.
+| birth_name = T Bone Pickens Jr.
| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1928|05|22}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|09|11|1928|05|22}}
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
| spouse = {{Marriage|Lynn O'Brien|1949|1971|reason=divorced}}<br />{{Marriage|Beatrice Carr|1972|1998|reason=divorced}}<br />{{Marriage|Nelda Cain|2000|2004|reason=divorced}}<br />{{Marriage|[[Madeleine A. Pickens|Madeleine Paulson]]|2005|2012|reason=divorced}}<br />{{Marriage|Toni Brinker|2014|2017|reason=divorced}}
| children = 5
-| website = [http://www.boonepickens.com/ www.boonepickens.com]
+| website = [http://www.bonepickens.com/ www.bonepickens.com]
| signature =
}}
-'''Thomas Boone Pickens Jr.''' (May 22, 1928 – September 11, 2019) was an American [[business magnate]] and [[financier]]. Pickens chaired the [[hedge fund]] BP Capital Management. He was a well-known [[takeover]] operator and [[corporate raid]]er during the 1980s. As of November 2016, Pickens had a net worth of [[U.S. dollar|$]]500 million.<ref name = NYT16>Joe Nocera, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/13/your-money/t-boone-pickens-risky-business.html?ref=dealbook "How T. Boone Pickens Sits Tight in the Riskiest of Businesses,"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 12, 2016.</ref>
+'''T Bone Pickens Jr.''' (May 22, 1928 – September 11, 2019) was an American [[business magnate]] and [[financier]]. Pickens chaired the [[hedge fund]] BP Capital Management. He was a well-known [[takeover]] operator and [[corporate raid]]er during the 1980s. As of November 2016, Pickens had a net worth of [[U.S. dollar|$]]500 million.<ref name = NYT16>Joe Nocera, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/13/your-money/t-boone-pickens-risky-business.html?ref=dealbook "How T. Bone Pickens Sits Tight in the Riskiest of Businesses,"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 12, 2016.</ref>
== Early life ==
' |
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0 => '| name = T. Bone Pickens',
1 => '| image = T Bone Pickens 2011 Shankbone.JPG',
2 => '| birth_name = T Bone Pickens Jr.',
3 => '| website = [http://www.bonepickens.com/ www.bonepickens.com]',
4 => ''''T Bone Pickens Jr.''' (May 22, 1928 – September 11, 2019) was an American [[business magnate]] and [[financier]]. Pickens chaired the [[hedge fund]] BP Capital Management. He was a well-known [[takeover]] operator and [[corporate raid]]er during the 1980s. As of November 2016, Pickens had a net worth of [[U.S. dollar|$]]500 million.<ref name = NYT16>Joe Nocera, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/13/your-money/t-boone-pickens-risky-business.html?ref=dealbook "How T. Bone Pickens Sits Tight in the Riskiest of Businesses,"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 12, 2016.</ref>'
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Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '| name = T. Boone Pickens',
1 => '| image = T Boone Pickens 2011 Shankbone.JPG',
2 => '| birth_name = Thomas Boone Pickens Jr.',
3 => '| website = [http://www.boonepickens.com/ www.boonepickens.com]',
4 => ''''Thomas Boone Pickens Jr.''' (May 22, 1928 – September 11, 2019) was an American [[business magnate]] and [[financier]]. Pickens chaired the [[hedge fund]] BP Capital Management. He was a well-known [[takeover]] operator and [[corporate raid]]er during the 1980s. As of November 2016, Pickens had a net worth of [[U.S. dollar|$]]500 million.<ref name = NYT16>Joe Nocera, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/13/your-money/t-boone-pickens-risky-business.html?ref=dealbook "How T. Boone Pickens Sits Tight in the Riskiest of Businesses,"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 12, 2016.</ref>'
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87 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20080112185628/http://www.johnkerry.com/2007/11/20/senator-kerry-replies-to-pickens-moving-the-goalposts',
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91 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100123220238/http://www.lonelyconservative.com/2010/01/21/video-john-stossels-energy-special/',
92 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100526175132/http://blogs.reuters.com/frontrow/2010/05/19/former-political-enemies-join-hands-to-save-the-world/',
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94 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110426162352/http://us.hsmglobal.com/interior/index.php?p=speaker&idPersona=4245&idEvento=184',
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97 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140222001532/http://www.star-telegram.com/2013/01/29/4583852/t-boone-pickens-grandson-dies.html#storylink=cpy',
98 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140222065500/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2002/05/27/323668/',
99 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140306214148/http://michaelpickens.blogspot.com/',
100 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140426085324/http://popcultureblog.dallasnews.com/2014/02/t-boone-pickens-and-toni-brinkers-valentines-day-wedding-in-prairie-chapel.html/',
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102 => 'https://www.allaboutalpha.com/blog/2019/09/17/boone-pickens-a-trailblazer-passes-on/',
103 => 'https://www.amarillo.com/news/local-news/business/2017-11-29/fast-facts-t-boone-pickens',
104 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aCpvWcfdWwnA',
105 => 'https://www.bpcfunds.com/content/team/boone-pickens/',
106 => 'https://www.c-span.org/person/?tpickens',
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109 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/id/36497893/Natural_Gas_Plan_Gaining_Support_in_Congress_Pickens',
110 => 'https://www.dallasobserver.com/arts/is-texas-womans-university-the-fugliest-building-in-dallas-8822763',
111 => 'https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/dont-cry-for-me-amarillo-6403288',
112 => 'https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/202923261',
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114 => 'https://www.forbes.com/2008/07/11/pickensplan-wind-energy-tech-science-cz_af_0710pickens.html',
115 => 'https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2008/0630/076.html',
116 => 'https://www.forbes.com/free_forbes/2007/0521/102.html',
117 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/calebmelby/2013/04/16/billionaire-t-boone-pickens-sues-his-son-alleging-cyberbullying/',
118 => 'https://www.idref.fr/029354315',
119 => 'https://www.mansionglobal.com/articles/78652-financier-t-boone-pickens-lists-dallas-mansion-for-6-million',
120 => 'https://www.myplainview.com/news/article/T-Boone-Pickens-donates-100-million-to-Texas-8501996.php',
121 => 'https://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/giuliani-team-blog-entry-1.1666816',
122 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/31/us/pickens-battles-his-hometown-press.html',
123 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/01/business/richard-rainwater-s-empire-adds-mesa.html',
124 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/business/mesa-is-to-merge-with-parker-parsley.html',
125 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/24/national/24pickens.html?ex=1140930000&en=da19748d91540a35&ei=5070',
126 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/us/politics/22kerry.html',
127 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/21/sports/21boosters.html?_r=1&em&oref=slogin',
128 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/21/sports/golf/darla-moore-new-augusta-member-knows-about-barriers.html?_r=0',
129 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/13/your-money/t-boone-pickens-risky-business.html?ref=dealbook',
130 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/OILPRD/idUSN1521224020080515',
131 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS249707+21-May-2008+BW20080521',
132 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pickens-sentencing-idUSN1040329320071210',
133 => 'https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/making-a-difference/sdut-hurricane-katrina-orleans-dogs-shelters-pickens-2015aug28-story.html',
134 => 'https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1065280/000119312519114241/d707583ddef14a.htm',
135 => 'https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1368265/000104746915001290/a2222980z10-k.htm',
136 => 'https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/boone-pickens-and-the-roach-motel/',
137 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/2008-11-12-oil-wednesday_N.htm',
138 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/2008-07-08-t-boone-pickens-plan-wind-energy_N.htm',
139 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-16-inauguration-donors_x.htm',
140 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-16-inaugural-donors_x.htm',
141 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-14-price_x.htm',
142 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/2006-08-15-pickens-oklahoma-state-donation_x.htm',
143 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/04/25/t-boone-pickens-grandson-dies/2113391/',
144 => 'https://www.usnews.com/usnews/politics/bulletin/bulletin_080722.htm',
145 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/t-boone-pickens-texas-oil-tycoon-who-led-legendary-corporate-raids-dies-at-91/2019/09/11/5bf7a96a-cc0b-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html',
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American financier; Chairman, BP Capital Management</div>
<table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">T. Bone Pickens</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/enwiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=T_Bone_Pickens_2011_Shankbone.JPG" class="new" title="File:T Bone Pickens 2011 Shankbone.JPG">File:T Bone Pickens 2011 Shankbone.JPG</a><div class="infobox-caption">Pickens at the 2011 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">Time 100</a> gala</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">T Bone Pickens Jr.</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1928-05-22</span>)</span>May 22, 1928<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holdenville,_Oklahoma" title="Holdenville, Oklahoma">Holdenville, Oklahoma</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 11, 2019<span style="display:none">(2019-09-11)</span> (aged 91)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oklahoma_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma State University">Oklahoma State University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chairperson" title="Chairperson">Chairman</a> of BP Capital Management</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Spouse(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline;white-space:nowrap;"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Lynn O'Brien</div>
<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;">​</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">​</div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1949; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1971)<wbr />​</div><br />
<div style="display:inline;white-space:nowrap;"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Beatrice Carr</div>
<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;">​</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">​</div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1972; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1998)<wbr />​</div><br />
<div style="display:inline;white-space:nowrap;"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Nelda Cain</div>
<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;">​</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">​</div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2000; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2004)<wbr />​</div><br />
<div style="display:inline;white-space:nowrap;"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madeleine_A._Pickens" title="Madeleine A. Pickens">Madeleine Paulson</a></div>
<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;">​</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">​</div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2005; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2012)<wbr />​</div><br />
<div style="display:inline;white-space:nowrap;"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Toni Brinker</div>
<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;">​</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">​</div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2014; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2017)<wbr />​</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bonepickens.com/">www.bonepickens.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>T Bone Pickens Jr.</b> (May 22, 1928 – September 11, 2019) was an American <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Business_magnate" title="Business magnate">business magnate</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Financier" class="mw-redirect" title="Financier">financier</a>. Pickens chaired the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">hedge fund</a> BP Capital Management. He was a well-known <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Takeover" title="Takeover">takeover</a> operator and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corporate_raid" title="Corporate raid">corporate raider</a> during the 1980s. As of November 2016, Pickens had a net worth of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. dollar">$</a>500 million.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT16_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT16-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Career</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Natural_gas"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Natural gas</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Political_activity"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Political activity</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Swift_Boat_challenge"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Swift Boat challenge</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Lobbying_efforts_to_stop_horse_slaughter"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lobbying efforts to stop horse slaughter</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Attempt_to_sell_natural_gas_with_a_California_ballot_initiative"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Attempt to sell natural gas with a California ballot initiative</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Philanthropy"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Philanthropy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Donations_to_Oklahoma_State_University"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Donations to Oklahoma State University</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Humanitarian_contributions"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Humanitarian contributions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Honors_and_awards"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Honors and awards</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Alternative_energy"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Alternative energy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Wind_power"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Wind power</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#The_Pickens_Plan"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">The Pickens Plan</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Personal_life_and_death"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life and death</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span></h2>
<p>Pickens was born in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holdenville,_Oklahoma" title="Holdenville, Oklahoma">Holdenville</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, the son of Grace Marcaline (née Molonson), and Thomas Boone Sibley Pickens. His father worked as an oil and mineral <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Landman_(oil_worker)" title="Landman (oil worker)">landman</a> (rights leaser). During <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, his mother ran the local <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Office_of_Price_Administration" title="Office of Price Administration">Office of Price Administration</a>, rationing gasoline and other goods in three counties.<sup id="cite_ref-UTPDF_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UTPDF-2">[2]</a></sup> Pickens was the first child born via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caesarean_section" title="Caesarean section">Caesarean section</a> in the history of Holdenville hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-OSU_gift_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSU_gift-3">[3]</a></sup> His great-great-grandfather was politician <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ezekiel_Pickens" title="Ezekiel Pickens">Ezekiel Pickens</a>, who was Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>At age 12, Pickens delivered newspapers. He quickly expanded his paper route from 28 papers to 156.<sup id="cite_ref-PCOLHoratio_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCOLHoratio-5">[5]</a></sup> Pickens later cited his boyhood job as an early introduction to "expanding quickly by acquisition", a business practice he favored later in life.<sup id="cite_ref-PCOLHoratio_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCOLHoratio-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>When the oil boom in Oklahoma ended in the late 1930s, Pickens' family moved to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PCOLHoratio_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCOLHoratio-5">[5]</a></sup> Pickens attended <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&M University">Texas A&M</a> on a basketball <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Athletic_scholarship" title="Athletic scholarship">scholarship</a>, but he lost the scholarship<sup id="cite_ref-PCOLHoratio_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCOLHoratio-5">[5]</a></sup> and transferred to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oklahoma_State_University%E2%80%93Stillwater" title="Oklahoma State University–Stillwater">Oklahoma A&M</a> (now Oklahoma State University), where he majored in geology. He was a member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Epsilon" title="Sigma Alpha Epsilon">Sigma Alpha Epsilon</a> fraternity. He graduated from Oklahoma State with a degree in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a> in 1951. Following his graduation, Pickens was employed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phillips_Petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillips Petroleum">Phillips Petroleum</a>. He worked for Phillips until 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-PCOLBoonebook_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCOLBoonebook-6">[6]</a></sup> In 1956, following his period as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wildcatter" title="Wildcatter">wildcatter</a>, he founded the company that would later become Mesa Petroleum.<sup id="cite_ref-PCOLBoonebook_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCOLBoonebook-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span></h2>
<p>By 1981, Mesa had grown into one of the largest independent oil companies in the world. Pickens led Mesa's first major acquisition, a takeover of the Hugoton Production Company, which was 30 times the size of Mesa.<sup id="cite_ref-fastcompany_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fastcompany-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> He then shifted his focus to acquiring other oil and gas companies by making solicited and unsolicited buyout bids and other <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Merger_and_acquisition" class="mw-redirect" title="Merger and acquisition">merger and acquisition</a> activity. Pickens' corporate acquisitions made him well known during the 1980s, an era of extensive takeover activity. His most publicized deals included attempted buyouts of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Citgo" title="Citgo">Cities Service</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gulf_Oil" title="Gulf Oil">Gulf Oil</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phillips_Petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillips Petroleum">Phillips Petroleum</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unocal" class="mw-redirect" title="Unocal">Unocal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> During that period Pickens led two Mesa successful acquisitions of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pioneer_Petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioneer Petroleum">Pioneer Petroleum</a> and the mid-continent assets of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tenneco" title="Tenneco">Tenneco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fastcompany_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fastcompany-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>Pickens became well known to the general public after the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gulf_Oil" title="Gulf Oil">Gulf Oil</a> takeover when <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> put him on the cover for the March 1985 issue. He briefly considered running for president in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988 elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> During this period, he was often characterized as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corporate_raider" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate raider">corporate raider</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenmailer" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenmailer">greenmailer</a>. This is due to the fact that many of his deals were not completed, although Pickens and the shareholders he represented received substantial profits through the eventual sale of their <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stock</a> as a result. His later takeover targets included <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newmont_Mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Newmont Mining">Newmont Mining</a>, a New York-based firm, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diamond_Shamrock" title="Diamond Shamrock">Diamond Shamrock</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/KI_Holdings" title="KI Holdings">Koito Mfg.</a>, Ltd., a Japanese auto-parts manufacturer, making substantial gains in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-12">[12]</a></sup> He was also involved in the creation of the United Shareholders Association (USA), which from 1986–1993 attempted to influence the governance of several large companies.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbc_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbc-13">[13]</a></sup> After nearly two years of periodic hearing and debate, in July 1998 the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a> voted 4–1 to approve a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/One_share,_one_vote" title="One share, one vote">one-share, one-vote rule</a>, a primary USA objective.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup>
</p><p>Pickens chaired the Board of Regents of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Texas_A%26M_University" title="West Texas A&M University">West Texas State University</a> (now West Texas A&M University) in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canyon,_Texas" title="Canyon, Texas">Canyon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> He organized a campaign in the mid-1980s against the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amarillo_Globe-News" title="Amarillo Globe-News">Amarillo Globe-News</a></i> newspaper, for what he claimed was inaccurate reporting about his deals and Mesa.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> Pickens' attempts to have the paper change its editorial policy failed. Shortly thereafter, in 1989, Pickens and Mesa moved to a suburb of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> In 1996, Mesa was in deep financial trouble and was sold to financier <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Rainwater" title="Richard Rainwater">Richard Rainwater</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darla_Moore" title="Darla Moore">Darla Moore</a>, Rainwater's wife, had Pickens removed from the company.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> Mesa merged with Parker & Parsley Petroleum in 1997 to form <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pioneer_Natural_Resources" title="Pioneer Natural Resources">Pioneer Natural Resources</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1997, Pickens founded BP Capital Management (then called BP Energy Fund) – the initials standing for "Boone Pickens" and not related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="British Petroleum">British Petroleum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbc_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbc-13">[13]</a></sup> In 2006, Pickens earned $990 million from his equity in the two funds and $120 million from his share of the 20% fees applied to fund profits.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> In 2007, Pickens earned $2.7 billion, as BP Capital Equity Fund, grew by 24% after fees, and the then $590 million Capital Commodity fund grew 40%, thanks to, among others, large positions in the stocks of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suncor_Energy" title="Suncor Energy">Suncor Energy</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Occidental_Petroleum" title="Occidental Petroleum">Occidental Petroleum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> Once his health started declining, he closed the company in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbc_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbc-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2009, Pickens' received <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Franklin_Institute_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="The Franklin Institute Awards">The Franklin Institute "Bower" Award</a> for Business Leadership for 50 years of visionary leadership in oil and other types of energy production, including domestic renewable energy, and for his philanthropic leadership contributing to education, medical research, and wildlife conservation.
<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Natural_gas">Natural gas</span></h3>
<p>In his 2008 book, <i>The First Billion is the Hardest</i>, Pickens noted a belief in the "peak oil" theory. He later altered that position, noting technical achievements of the domestic oil and natural gas industries in utilizing horizontal drilling and fracking to unlock shale oil and gas reserves. He called for the construction of more <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nuclear_power_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear power plants">nuclear power plants</a>, the use of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> to power the country's transportation systems, and the promotion of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alternative_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative energy">alternative energy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> Pickens's involvement with the natural gas fueling campaign was long-running. He formed Pickens Fuel Corporation in 1997 and began promoting natural gas as the best vehicular fuel alternative.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbc_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbc-13">[13]</a></sup> Reincorporated as Clean Energy Fuels Corporation in 2001, the company now owns and operates natural gas fueling stations from British Columbia to the Mexico–U.S. border.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_activity">Political activity</span></h2>
<p>Since 1980, Pickens made over $5 million in political donations.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> He was a financial supporter of President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and contributed heavily to both his Texas and national political campaigns. In 2004, Pickens contributed to Republican <a href="/enwiki/wiki/527_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="527 groups">527 groups</a>, including a $2 million<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> contribution to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swift_Vets_and_POWs_for_Truth" title="Swift Vets and POWs for Truth">Swift Vets and POWs for Truth</a> which ran a campaign asserting that Bush's rival, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, exaggerated claims about his service in Vietnam, and $2.5 million to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Progress_for_America" title="Progress for America">Progress for America</a> advocacy group. In 2005, Pickens was among 53 entities that contributed the maximum of $250,000 to Bush's second inauguration.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>On July 16, 2007, Pickens wrote an article for <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i> supporting <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> for president. "In Rudy Giuliani, a gracious and committed public servant I've known for many years, we see that rare blend of big-picture vision and proven track record of achieving the 'impossible.' We see a forward-looking, accomplished executive eager to tackle the challenges of today's America and ensure that tomorrow we wake up stronger, freer, and more united than ever before."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup> Pickens was an executive committee member of the Rudy Giuliani presidential committee.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p><p>Pickens chaired the celebration of the 40th anniversary of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a></i>, a conservative U.S. monthly magazine covering news and politics.<sup id="cite_ref-PCOLSpectator_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCOLSpectator-33">[33]</a></sup>
</p><p>Pickens focused his advocacy on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alternative_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative energy">alternative energy</a> such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wind_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind energy">wind</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> says that "perhaps the strangest role" Pickens "has fashioned for himself is his current one: the billionaire speculator as energy-wise man, an oil-and-gas magnate as the champion of wind power, and a lifetime Republican who has become a fellow traveler among environmentally-minded Democrats – even though he helped finance the '<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swiftboating" title="Swiftboating">Swift boat</a>' ads that savaged" <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Sen. John F. Kerry's</a> presidential campaign. In an editorial, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported Pickens "has decided that drilling for more oil is not the whole answer to the nation's energy problems."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the spring of 2010, Senator Kerry reached out to Pickens and encouraged his support of energy/climate change legislation he was drafting with Senators <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a>. During a May 2010 meeting with reporters, Senator Kerry endorsed key provisions of "the Pickens Plan," incorporating aspects of that in the Kerry-backed legislation calling for the greater use of domestic natural gas to replace foreign oil‑diesel‑gasoline in America's heavy‑duty vehicle fleets.<sup id="cite_ref-blogs.reuters.com_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogs.reuters.com-35">[35]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Swift_Boat_challenge">Swift Boat challenge</span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swift_Boat_challenge" title="Swift Boat challenge">Swift Boat challenge</a></div>
<p>On November 6, 2007, Pickens offered a million dollars to anyone able to dispute any claims made in political ads by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swift_Vets_and_POWs_for_Truth" title="Swift Vets and POWs for Truth">Swift Vets and POWs for Truth</a> (SVPT), a group he had supported during the 2004 presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-36">[36]</a></sup> John Kerry, whose military record and anti-war activism during Vietnam was the target of the group's book and media campaign, sent Pickens a letter on November 16, 2007, accepting the challenge, requesting that Pickens donate the money to the Paralyzed Veterans of America should he succeed in disproving any of the SVPT claims.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-36">[36]</a></sup> In response to Kerry's acceptance of the challenge, Pickens issued a letter the same day, narrowing the original challenge to the SVPT ads, and requiring Kerry to provide his Vietnam journal, all of his military records, specifically those covering the years after his active duty service, and copies of all movies and tapes made during his service. Pickens' letter also challenged Kerry to agree to donate $1 million to the Congressional Medal of Honor Foundation, if Kerry "cannot prove anything in the Swift Boat ads to be untrue."<sup id="cite_ref-rainey_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rainey-37">[37]</a></sup> Kerry later accused Pickens of "parsing and backtracking" on his initial offer and wrote that "I am prepared to prove the lie and marshal all the evidence, the question is whether you are prepared to fulfill your obligation."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p><p>On June 22, 2008, a group of Vietnam veterans who previously served with and then worked with Kerry accepted the challenge and sent a 12-page letter — with a 42-page attachment of military records to support their case – to rebut several of the accusations of the Swift Boat group.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> Pickens responded with a message stating "In reviewing your material, none of the information you provide speaks specifically to the issues contained in the ads," he wrote, "and, as a result, does not qualify for the $1 million."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lobbying_efforts_to_stop_horse_slaughter">Lobbying efforts to stop horse slaughter</span></h3>
<p>Pickens <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbied</a> for the American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act (HR 503) which would prohibit the slaughter for human consumption and the trade and transport of horse flesh and live horses intended for human consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Attempt_to_sell_natural_gas_with_a_California_ballot_initiative">Attempt to sell natural gas with a California ballot initiative</span></h3>
<p>In November 2008, California voters rejected a referendum by a 60% to 40% margin regarding natural gas. Pickens owned Clean Energy Fuels Corporation, a natural gas fueling station company<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup> which was the primary backer of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/California_Proposition_10_(2008)" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 10 (2008)">November 2008 Proposition 10</a> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>'s ballot. Much of the measure's sale of $5 billion in general fund <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a> to provide alternative energy rebates and incentives ($9.8 billion after interest) would have benefitted Pickens' company to the exclusion of almost all other clean-vehicle fuels and technology.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</span></h2>
<p>Pickens gave more than $700 million away to charity,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup> of which nearly $500 million was donated to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oklahoma_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma State University">Oklahoma State University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Off_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Off-46">[46]</a></sup> Pickens was among the billionaires who have made <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge" title="The Giving Pledge">The Giving Pledge</a>, a commitment to give away half of his wealth for charitable purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-Off_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Off-46">[46]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Donations_to_Oklahoma_State_University">Donations to Oklahoma State University</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Boone_Pickens_Stadium.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Boone_Pickens_Stadium.jpg/250px-Boone_Pickens_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Boone_Pickens_Stadium.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Boone Pickens Stadium at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma.</div></div></div>
<p>Pickens was a major financial contributor to his alma mater, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stillwater,_Oklahoma" title="Stillwater, Oklahoma">Stillwater</a> campus of Oklahoma State University (OSU). Through his contributions, Pickens spearheaded an initiative to create an athletic village just north of the existing campus. In order to do so, hundreds of houses were acquired by the OSU administration, one via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">eminent domain</a>, and demolished using Pickens' contributions.
</p><p>Pickens' gift remains the largest donation to a university's athletic program in collegiate history. His total contributions to OSU came to over $1 billion. Over $265 million, or 26.5%, of his donations were towards athletics. Pickens also made substantial academic gifts to Oklahoma State University, particularly to the Boone Pickens School of Geology, which is named for him.
</p><p>On December 30, 2005, Pickens made a $165 million gift to Oklahoma State University. <i>The New York Times</i> reported that "the money spent less than an hour on December 30 in the account of the university's charity, O.S.U. Cowboy Golf Inc., before it was invested in a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">hedge fund</a> controlled by Pickens, BP Capital Management."<sup id="cite_ref-waive_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waive-47">[47]</a></sup> Pickens, who was on the board of the O.S.U. Cowboy Golf waived any management fees for the OSU monies.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> All profits of the fund go to enlarging the OSU gift. The gift is intended to help fund an upgrade of the football stadium and construction of an athletic village but sparked controversy because OSU planned to use <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">eminent domain</a> to acquire residential property for the projects.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> The donation followed a $70 million gift from Pickens to OSU in 2003, which was similarly structured using O.S.U. Cowboy Golf, Inc.
</p><p>On July 28, 2007, the Board of Regents of Oklahoma State University approved a resolution to move $28 million from the OSU Foundation into Pickens' BP Capital Management company in Dallas. Oklahoma State had previously invested $277 million in the fund. Pickens waived fees for the university's investments with his fund.<sup id="cite_ref-waive_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waive-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup>
</p><p>On May 21, 2008, Pickens donated $100 million to academics at Oklahoma State University. The gift was to be matched by the state of Oklahoma.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> In October 2008, it was reported in <i>The New York Times</i> that due to the recent financial recession, some of Pickens's gifts to the athletic department had seen a large decline in their market value while being managed in his hedge funds. The same article noted that due to the worldwide recession, most other schools and charitable organizations were also experiencing problems with investments. The article also mentions that Pickens' management of donated funds had previously "turned $6 million into $31 million" for the school's athletic fund.<sup id="cite_ref-waive_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waive-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Humanitarian_contributions">Humanitarian contributions</span></h3>
<p>Pickens and employees of his BP Capital LLC donated $7 million to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina relief</a> effort. The <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chronicle_of_Philanthropy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Philanthropy">Chronicle of Philanthropy</a></i> lists Pickens as among its largest charitable givers 2005 and 2006. He has donated nearly a half a billion dollars to philanthropic causes during his career. In 2005 in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, Pickens together with his then-wife Madeleine, chartered airplanes to transport dogs rescued from the floodwaters in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup> On November 6, 2006, Pickens donated $5 million toward the construction of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas_Woman%27s_University" title="Texas Woman's University">Texas Woman's University</a>'s T. Boone Pickens Institute of Health Sciences-Dallas Center.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup>
</p><p>On May 16, 2007, Pickens donated $100 million to two <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas">University of Texas</a> health care institutions. The gifts were donated to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UT_Southwestern_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="UT Southwestern Medical Center">UT Southwestern Medical Center</a> at Dallas and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_University_of_Texas_M._D._Anderson_Cancer_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center">The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center</a> in Houston. The donations are required to grow to $1 billion within 25 years before they can be disbursed by the recipient institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> On August 23, 2007, Bizjournals.com reported that Pickens would be donating $2.5 million to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Happy_Hill_Farm_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Happy Hill Farm Academy">Happy Hill Farm Academy</a>/Home, a residential school for at-risk children and teenagers, to build a training center and guest lodge. Pickens donated $1 million to Happy Hill Farm for the construction of a new academic campus at the residential school in February 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> On December 5, 2007, the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dallas_Business_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Business Journal">Dallas Business Journal</a></i> reported that Pickens had donated $6 million to Jubilee Park located at S. Carroll Avenue and Lindsley/Parry Avenue in Dallas and would man a bulldozer to begin demolition of an abandoned building across the street from a kindergarten Head Start program in Jubilee Park.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup>
</p><p>On June 20, 2008, Pickens donated $25 million to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">University of Calgary</a>'s Faculty of Medicine during a visit with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calgary_Flames" title="Calgary Flames">Calgary Flames</a> owner <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harley_Hotchkiss" title="Harley Hotchkiss">Harley Hotchkiss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup> On October 21, 2008, Pickens donated $5 million to the Downtown Dallas YMCA. The Downtown YMCA was subsequently renamed the "T. Boone Pickens YMCA" in his honor. "I want this gift to encourage individuals, corporations and the entire city to make a serious commitment to fitness and health," Boone Pickens said. "This money isn't just helping people work out – it will revitalize this area and make the YMCA a place for the citizens of Dallas today, and will inspire our next generation to be healthy."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup> In December 2008, the Texas Legislative Conference honored Pickens as its "Texan of the Year."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2010, Pickens was awarded the annual, "Effecting Change" award by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/100_Women_in_Hedge_Funds" title="100 Women in Hedge Funds">100 Women in Hedge Funds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup> Pickens also donated over $11 million to The University of Texas at Dallas Center for Brain Health to fund educational and research initiatives in the area of brain science.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup> Part of the donation is funding the "T. Boone Pickens Distinguished Scientist" chair that is held by Dr. Ian Robertson, Ph. D.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</span></h3>
<p>In 1984, Pickens received the Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup> In 2003, Pickens was inducted into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oklahoma_Hall_of_Fame" title="Oklahoma Hall of Fame">Oklahoma Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OHOF_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHOF-65">[65]</a></sup> In May 2012, Pickens was awarded the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a> Leadership Award by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/HOBY" class="mw-redirect" title="HOBY">Hugh O'Brian Youth Leadership Foundation</a> for his lifetime of accomplishments and in particular for the example that he has set for the future leaders of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Alternative_energy">Alternative energy</span></h2>
<p>On September 19, 2007, Pickens told <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a> that the price of oil could rise to $100 per barrel. "Demand is up and supply is flat, so it's got to go on up," said Pickens, whose company was betting on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> for vehicles. "I can give you an Oklahoma guarantee<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup> that natural gas will never sell above <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel</a> and gasoline prices" as fuel for vehicles, Pickens added.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 2, 2008, the first contract for $100 bbl oil was sold on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NYMEX" class="mw-redirect" title="NYMEX">NYMEX</a> exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup> In early July 2008, the price of oil briefly closed above $145 per barrel. By the beginning of September 2008, the price of oil settled to under $110 per barrel. By October 9, 2008, the price plummeted back below $85 per barrel. As of November 21, 2008, the price of oil had fallen below $50 a barrel, mostly riding fears of a global <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">recession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup>
</p><p>Subsequently, in early 2009, Pickens restated during a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meet_the_Press" title="Meet the Press">Meet the Press</a> interview with Tom Brokaw that he would bet $10 the price of oil would "be back to $100 a year from now". Two weeks later reporter <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Stossel" title="John Stossel">John Stossel</a> made a public $10,000 bet with Pickens about whether or not the price of oil would surpass $100 by the first quarter of 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup> The bet ended on May 22, 2010, with the price of oil at $69.92.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wind_power">Wind power</span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind power</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_States" title="Wind power in the United States">Wind power in the United States</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wind_power_in_Texas" title="Wind power in Texas">Wind power in Texas</a></div>
<p>In June 2007, Pickens announced the intention to build the world's largest <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind farm</a> by installing large <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a> in parts of four <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas_Panhandle" title="Texas Panhandle">Texas Panhandle</a> counties. The project would produce up to four <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gigawatts" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigawatts">gigawatts</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a>. Pickens' <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Mesa_Power_LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesa Power LP (page does not exist)">Mesa Power LP</a> will undertake the construction. If completed, the farm would generate more than five times the 735 megawatts produced at the present largest such farm near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a>, according to Susan Williams Sloan, spokesman for the American Wind Energy Association.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup>
</p><p>On August 16, 2007, Pickens' <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Mesa_Power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesa Power (page does not exist)">Mesa Power</a> announced that it had filed documents with the state of Texas to add four <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gigawatts" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigawatts">gigawatts</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a> to the state grid. The filing with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electric_Reliability_Council_of_Texas" title="Electric Reliability Council of Texas">Electric Reliability Council of Texas</a> (ERCOT) projected that the project would be completed in 2011 and would include up to 2,700 turbines on up to 200,000 acres (810 km<sup>2</sup>) in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberts_County,_Texas" title="Roberts County, Texas">Roberts</a> and adjacent counties in the Texas Panhandle. "We are now meeting with Panhandle landowners and negotiating wind lease and easement agreements," said Pickens. "We are excited at how quickly the pieces are falling into place."<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 30, 2008, <i>The Oklahoman</i> reported that Pickens was ready to start buying <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a> for the project within a month, that he planned to buy between 1,700 and 2,000 turbines, and that they will cost from $200 million to $300 million.<sup id="cite_ref-PCOLOklahoman_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCOLOklahoman-75">[75]</a></sup> Pickens added that he has been approached by twenty potential partners on the project but has not yet made a final decision.<sup id="cite_ref-PCOLOklahoman_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCOLOklahoman-75">[75]</a></sup> "We have not picked any banker and we have not picked any partner," Pickens said.<sup id="cite_ref-PCOLOklahoman_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCOLOklahoman-75">[75]</a></sup> "It is kind of nice ... I have decided I can get pretty far down the track before having to make those choices."<sup id="cite_ref-PCOLOklahoman_75-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCOLOklahoman-75">[75]</a></sup> Pickens predicted that similar wind farm projects could be built in the Texas Panhandle and the Canada–US border in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-PCOLOklahoman_75-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCOLOklahoman-75">[75]</a></sup>
</p><p>On May 15, 2008, Pickens' Mesa Power announced that it had placed a first order for 667 1.5-megawatt turbines from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup> The turbines will be delivered in 2010 and 2011. On July 17, 2008, the Texas Public Utilities Commission approved ratepayer funding of $4.98 billion in electric transmission lines to connect wind farms in the Texas Panhandle to the electric grid.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup> This implements the provisions of a 2005 Texas law designed to promote new wind energy projects.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></sup>
</p><p>On July 8, 2009, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> reported that T. Boone Pickens has postponed plans to build his Texas wind farm. He said the project was stopped partly because the existing transmission line capacity wasn't available. His company had planned to build new lines, but couldn't get financing. On the same date, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, reported that Pickens is committed to purchasing 667 wind turbines and will develop wind projects for them. On his Mesa Power Group website, Pickens said he expected to continue the development of the Pampa project, but not at the pace originally expected.
</p><p>On December 15, 2010, Nathanael Baker, in an article for www.theenergycollective.com, wrote that Pickens has scrapped plans for wind farms and will instead focus exclusively on natural gas. According to the article, on December 10, 2010, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> reported that "Pickens said low natural gas prices have made utility companies view wind power as too expensive."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Pickens_Plan">The Pickens Plan</span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pickens_Plan" title="Pickens Plan">Pickens Plan</a></div>
<p>On July 8, 2008, Pickens announced a major energy policy proposal, called the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pickens_Plan" title="Pickens Plan">Pickens Plan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup> The plan promotes a radical reduction in the United States' dependency upon foreign energy, particularly oil provided by nations in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a> cartel. Although the plan calls for the introduction of various alternatives to oil, including wind and solar, its major component is the conversion of the nation's commercial transport sector away from OPEC diesel to natural gas.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup> The Pickens Plan also calls for the United States to utilize its wind corridor in the middle of the country stretching from Texas northerly through the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> to the Canada–US border. He noted in Congressional testimony in July 2008 that his plan would generate new jobs and provide economic stimulus to this area while noting that it would also require new <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transmission_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission lines">transmission lines</a> which traditionally antagonize some environmentalists and/or nearby populations. The announcement of the plan also coincided with Pickens' need for federal subsidies for the wind to be renewed, as he had already begun placing orders for his planned wind farm in Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup>
</p><p>Pickens wanted to spend $58 million on his multi-media effort to promote the Pickens Plan. The multi-media campaign included traditional media, such as newspaper and TV, and new media, such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup> The television ads for the Pickens Plan were produced by veteran Democratic political consultant, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Slade_White" title="Joe Slade White">Joe Slade White</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carl_Pope_(environmentalist)" title="Carl Pope (environmentalist)">Carl Pope</a>, executive director of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra Club">Sierra Club</a>, expressed support for the Pickens Plan.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup> Pickens' proposal for increased use of natural gas in heavy-duty trucks and fleet vehicles is included in the NAT GAS Act (H.R. 1835 and S. 1408)<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup> and the American Power Act.<sup id="cite_ref-blogs.reuters.com_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogs.reuters.com-35">[35]</a></sup>
</p><p>On February 21, 2013, Pickens spoke on behalf of Clean Energy Fuels along with New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg in support of a new eco-friendly food truck. A press conference took place in front of the city hall where the company, Neapolitan Express, explained how their mobile pizzeria emits 75% fewer greenhouse gases than trucks running on gas or diesel. The company launched in early 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</span></h2>
<p>In 1949, Pickens married Lynn O'Brien. They had four children together; Deborah Pickens, Michael O. Pickens, Thomas B. Pickens III, and Pam Pickens. Pickens divorced Lynn in 1971. In April 1972, Pickens married Beatrice "Bea" Carr Stuart and adopted one of her daughters, Elizabeth "Liz" Cordia. They had no children together.<sup id="cite_ref-fortunehunter_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortunehunter-88">[88]</a></sup> In November 2000, Pickens married Nelda Cain. They divorced in November 2004. They had no children together.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup> In 2005, Pickens married <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madeleine_A._Pickens" title="Madeleine A. Pickens">Madeleine Paulson</a>, the third wife and widow of the founder of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gulfstream_Aerospace" title="Gulfstream Aerospace">Gulfstream Aerospace</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allen_E._Paulson" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen E. Paulson">Allen E. Paulson</a>. Pickens and Madeleine lived in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Preston_Hollow,_Dallas" title="Preston Hollow, Dallas">Preston Hollow, Dallas</a> and owned a ranch along the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_River" title="Canadian River">Canadian River</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas_Panhandle" title="Texas Panhandle">Texas Panhandle</a>. They divorced amicably in 2012 and had no children together.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup> It was reported on December 4, 2013 that Pickens' <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">public relations</a> representative told an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/KXAS-TV" title="KXAS-TV">NBC 5</a> affiliate reporter that he had proposed to Toni Chapman Brinker, widow of restaurateur <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norman_E._Brinker" title="Norman E. Brinker">Norman Brinker</a>, at his ranch in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pampa,_Texas" title="Pampa, Texas">Pampa</a>. The couple married on February 14, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></sup> The couple later divorced in June 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup>
</p><p>Pickens had four biological children and one adopted daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-fortunehunter_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortunehunter-88">[88]</a></sup> As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=T._Boone_Pickens&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Pickens had twelve grandchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-UTPDF_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UTPDF-2">[2]</a></sup> In 2007, Pickens' son Michael O. Pickens of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nocona,_Texas" title="Nocona, Texas">Nocona, Texas</a> was sentenced to probation for a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penny_stock" title="Penny stock">penny stock</a> trading scheme and entered drug rehabilitation afterward, emerging in March 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></sup> In October 2012, Michael, then 58 years old, began blogging under the title "5 Days In Connecticut."<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></sup> In the blog, he made a number of allegations about his family, including that his drug addiction stemmed from physical abuse by his father, T. Boone Pickens. He also claimed his siblings stole from their mother and were addicted to drugs, and that his father sabotaged a family member's business. Pickens and three of his children – Elizabeth Cordia, Pamela Pickens and Thomas B. Pickens III – subsequently filed a lawsuit against Michael.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></sup> They alleged libel, invasion of privacy and extortion via cyberbullying and cyberstalking. The plaintiffs said the blog was part of an effort to extort $20 million from Pickens.<sup id="cite_ref-sonsuit_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sonsuit-103">[103]</a></sup> In January 2013, Pickens' 21-year-old grandson Thomas "Ty" Boone Pickens IV died from a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> overdose.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></sup> Ty, the son of Thomas B. Pickens III, was a student at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas_Christian_University" title="Texas Christian University">Texas Christian University</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></sup>
</p><p>In July 2009, Pickens was the subject of controversy after he had a construction crew go to his grandmother's former home, that was now owned by someone else, in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holdenville,_Oklahoma" title="Holdenville, Oklahoma">Holdenville, Oklahoma</a> and remove a slab of driveway concrete that he had signed as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></sup> The current owner of the home asserted ownership, and the slab was returned.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></sup> In February 2010, a judge ruled that the slab belonged to the current homeowner.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></sup>
</p><p>Pickens died at his home in Dallas on September 11, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbc_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbc-13">[13]</a></sup> He was in declining health and suffered a series of strokes and a fall in 2017, but the cause of death was not disclosed at the time of his death.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></sup> On September 18, 2019, his foundation published "A final message from T. Boone Pickens shared before his passing on September 11, 2019", a personal reflection about his life, lessons learned and his mortality.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
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<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-NYT16-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT16_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joe Nocera, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/13/your-money/t-boone-pickens-risky-business.html?ref=dealbook">"How T. Bone Pickens Sits Tight in the Riskiest of Businesses,"</a> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, November 12, 2016.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-UTPDF-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UTPDF_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UTPDF_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071031113846/http://www.utsystem.edu/news/2007/PickensBio.pdf">"T. Boone Pickens, Chairman and CEO, BP Capital"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Texas System. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utsystem.edu/news/2007/PickensBio.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 31, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T.+Boone+Pickens%2C+Chairman+and+CEO%2C+BP+Capital&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+System&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utsystem.edu%2Fnews%2F2007%2FPickensBio.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-OSU_gift-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OSU_gift_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wieberg, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/2006-08-15-pickens-oklahoma-state-donation_x.htm">"Tycoon's $165M gift to Oklahoma State raises both hopes and questions"</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>, August 15, 2006.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFNixSnell1989" class="citation web cs1">Nix, Lois Kathryn; Snell, Mary Kay (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CV4bAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Marcaline+Molonson+b.+8+July+1900+DeWitt+County%22">"Thomas Boone Pickens (1928- ): His Ancestors : Being the Lives of His Pickens, Boone, Calhoun, and Molonson Forefathers with Allied Families"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thomas+Boone+Pickens+%281928-+%29%3A+His+Ancestors+%3A+Being+the+Lives+of+His+Pickens%2C+Boone%2C+Calhoun%2C+and+Molonson+Forefathers+with+Allied+Families&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Nix&rft.aufirst=Lois+Kathryn&rft.au=Snell%2C+Mary+Kay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCV4bAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Marcaline%2BMolonson%2Bb.%2B8%2BJuly%2B1900%2BDeWitt%2BCounty%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-PCOLHoratio-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PCOLHoratio_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCOLHoratio_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCOLHoratio_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCOLHoratio_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horatioalger.com/member_info.cfm?memberid=PIC06">"Boone Pickens, Chairman, Chevron Capital Management in Dallas, Texas"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617114350/http://www.horatioalger.com/member_info.cfm?memberid=PIC06">Archived</a> 2011-06-17 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Horatio Alger Association.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-PCOLBoonebook-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PCOLBoonebook_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCOLBoonebook_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPickens1987" class="citation book cs1">Pickens, T. Boone (1987). <i>Boone</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 22–41. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-41433-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-41433-4"><bdi>0-395-41433-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boone&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=22-41&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-395-41433-4&rft.aulast=Pickens&rft.aufirst=T.+Boone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-fastcompany-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fastcompany_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fastcompany_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFShawn_Baldwin2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shawn_Baldwin" title="Shawn Baldwin">Shawn Baldwin</a> (May 14, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fastcompany.com/3000437/secrets-of-the-most-productive-people/shawn-baldwin-analyzes-how-t-boone-pickens-generates-b">"T. Boone Pickens Generates Billions in Value Creation Through Energy"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fast_Company_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast Company (magazine)">Fast Company</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&rft.atitle=T.+Boone+Pickens+Generates+Billions+in+Value+Creation+Through+Energy&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft.au=Shawn+Baldwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F3000437%2Fsecrets-of-the-most-productive-people%2Fshawn-baldwin-analyzes-how-t-boone-pickens-generates-b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPickens1987" class="citation book cs1">Pickens, T. Boone (1987). <i>Boone</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-41433-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-41433-4"><bdi>0-395-41433-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boone&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-395-41433-4&rft.aulast=Pickens&rft.aufirst=T.+Boone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span> p. 73.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPickens1987" class="citation book cs1">Pickens, T. Boone (1987). <i>Boone</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 149–260. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-41433-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-41433-4"><bdi>0-395-41433-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boone&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=149-260&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-395-41433-4&rft.aulast=Pickens&rft.aufirst=T.+Boone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070712182752/http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19850304,00.html">T. Boone Pickens</a>. Time Magazine cover. March 4, 1985. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFStreetAuthority2013" class="citation news cs1">StreetAuthority (June 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasdaq.com/article/t-boone-pickens-recently-bought-these-5-energy-stocks-should-you-cm256195">"T. Boone Pickens Recently Bought These 5 Energy Stocks – Should You?"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=T.+Boone+Pickens+Recently+Bought+These+5+Energy+Stocks+%E2%80%93+Should+You%3F&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft.au=StreetAuthority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasdaq.com%2Farticle%2Ft-boone-pickens-recently-bought-these-5-energy-stocks-should-you-cm256195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.famoustexans.com/boonepickens.htm">T. Boone Pickens</a>. Famoustexans.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-cnbc-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnbc_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnbc_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnbc_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnbc_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnbc_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2019" class="citation web cs1">Steinberg, Marty (September 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/11/t-boone-pickens-oracle-of-oil-and-corporate-raider-dies-at-91.html">"T. Boone Pickens, the 'Oracle of Oil,' corporate raider and billionaire philanthropist, dies at 91"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CNBC.com" class="mw-redirect" title="CNBC.com">CNBC.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T.+Boone+Pickens%2C+the+%27Oracle+of+Oil%2C%27+corporate+raider+and+billionaire+philanthropist%2C+dies+at+91&rft.pub=CNBC.com&rft.date=2019-09-11&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Marty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F09%2F11%2Ft-boone-pickens-oracle-of-oil-and-corporate-raider-dies-at-91.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1065280/000119312519114241/d707583ddef14a.htm">"DEF 14A"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DEF+14A&rft.pub=U.S.+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1065280%2F000119312519114241%2Fd707583ddef14a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFYoffe1998" class="citation news cs1">Yoffe, Emily (June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/boone-pickens-and-the-roach-motel/">"Boone Pickens and the Roach Motel"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas_Monthly" title="Texas Monthly">Texas Monthly</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Texas+Monthly&rft.atitle=Boone+Pickens+and+the+Roach+Motel&rft.date=1998-06&rft.aulast=Yoffe&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasmonthly.com%2Farticles%2Fboone-pickens-and-the-roach-motel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/31/us/pickens-battles-his-hometown-press.html">"Pickens Battles his Hometown Press"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. December 31, 1986<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pickens+Battles+his+Hometown+Press&rft.date=1986-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F12%2F31%2Fus%2Fpickens-battles-his-hometown-press.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRozen1996" class="citation news cs1">Rozen, Miriam (October 10, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/dont-cry-for-me-amarillo-6403288">"Don't cry for me, Amarillo"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dallas_Observer" title="Dallas Observer">Dallas Observer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dallas+Observer&rft.atitle=Don%27t+cry+for+me%2C+Amarillo&rft.date=1996-10-10&rft.aulast=Rozen&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dallasobserver.com%2Fnews%2Fdont-cry-for-me-amarillo-6403288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMary_Pilon2012" class="citation news cs1">Mary Pilon (August 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/21/sports/golf/darla-moore-new-augusta-member-knows-about-barriers.html?_r=0">"In World of Finance, One New Member Has Already Driven the Green"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+World+of+Finance%2C+One+New+Member+Has+Already+Driven+the+Green&rft.date=2012-08-20&rft.au=Mary+Pilon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F08%2F21%2Fsports%2Fgolf%2Fdarla-moore-new-augusta-member-knows-about-barriers.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAllen_R._Myerson1996" class="citation news cs1">Allen R. Myerson (March 1, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/01/business/richard-rainwater-s-empire-adds-mesa.html">"Richard Rainwater's Empire Adds Mesa"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Richard+Rainwater%27s+Empire+Adds+Mesa&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.au=Allen+R.+Myerson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F03%2F01%2Fbusiness%2Frichard-rainwater-s-empire-adds-mesa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCarol_Marie_Cropper1997" class="citation news cs1">Carol Marie Cropper (April 8, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/business/mesa-is-to-merge-with-parker-parsley.html">"Mesa Is to Merge With Parker & Parsley"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mesa+Is+to+Merge+With+Parker+%26+Parsley&rft.date=1997-04-08&rft.au=Carol+Marie+Cropper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F04%2F08%2Fbusiness%2Fmesa-is-to-merge-with-parker-parsley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael K. Ozanian and Peter J. Schwartz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/free_forbes/2007/0521/102.html">Forbes.com. "Wall Street's Highest Earners"</a>. Forbes.com. May 21, 2007. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter J. Schwartz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2008/04/15/paulson-falcone-earners-biz-wall-cz_js_0415wallstreet.html">"Wall Street's Top Earners: Your Pain, Their Gain "</a>. Forbes.com. April 15, 2008. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fi.edu/franklinawards/09/bowerbus.html">Bower Award for Business Leadership – The Franklin Institute Awards</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090429114856/http://www.fi.edu/franklinawards/09/bowerbus.html">Archived</a> 2009-04-29 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Fi.edu. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPower2019" class="citation news cs1">Power, Chris (September 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/t-boone-pickens-texas-oil-tycoon-who-led-legendary-corporate-raids-dies-at-91/2019/09/11/5bf7a96a-cc0b-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html">"T. Boone Pickens, Texas oil tycoon who led legendary corporate raids, dies at 91"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=T.+Boone+Pickens%2C+Texas+oil+tycoon+who+led+legendary+corporate+raids%2C+dies+at+91&rft.date=2019-09-11&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Ft-boone-pickens-texas-oil-tycoon-who-led-legendary-corporate-raids-dies-at-91%2F2019%2F09%2F11%2F5bf7a96a-cc0b-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1368265/000104746915001290/a2222980z10-k.htm">"Clean Energy Fuels Corp"</a>. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clean+Energy+Fuels+Corp&rft.pub=U.S.+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1368265%2F000104746915001290%2Fa2222980z10-k.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsmeat.com/billionaire_political_donations/T_Boone_Pickens.php">T. Boone Pickens profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060515002642/http://www.newsmeat.com/billionaire_political_donations/T_Boone_Pickens.php">Archived</a> May 15, 2006, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Newsmeat.com</span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/527s/527indivsdetail.php?id=U0000000244&cycle=2004">Boone Pickens Contributions to 527 Organizations, 2004 cycle</a>. Retrieved 2010-02-22.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDrinkard2005" class="citation news cs1">Drinkard, Jim (2005-01-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-16-inauguration-donors_x.htm">"Donors get good seats, great access this week"</a>. USA Today<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Donors+get+good+seats%2C+great+access+this+week&rft.date=2005-01-17&rft.aulast=Drinkard&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fwashington%2F2005-01-16-inauguration-donors_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-16-inaugural-donors_x.htm">"Financing the inauguration"</a>. USA Today. January 16, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Financing+the+inauguration&rft.date=2005-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fwashington%2F2005-01-16-inaugural-donors_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-14-price_x.htm">"Some question inaugural's multi-million price tag"</a>. USA Today. 2005-01-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Some+question+inaugural%27s+multi-million+price+tag&rft.date=2005-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fwashington%2F2005-01-14-price_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MDUxYjFmNzA5ODBlNTVhZDFkMTFmYWNmMzg4NTliMjM=">Rudy the Executive: An accomplished record to bank on</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071020040728/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MDUxYjFmNzA5ODBlNTVhZDFkMTFmYWNmMzg4NTliMjM=">Archived</a> 2007-10-20 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i>, July 16, 2007</span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/giuliani-team-blog-entry-1.1666816">"Giuliani'$ Team"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a></i>. December 18, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Giuliani%27%24+Team&rft.date=2010-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fblogs%2Fdailypolitics%2Fgiuliani-team-blog-entry-1.1666816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-PCOLSpectator-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PCOLSpectator_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Alleva <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2007/11/happy_40th_to_the_american_spe.html">"Happy 40th to The American Spectator!"</a>. American Thinker. November 5, 2007. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/usnews/politics/bulletin/bulletin_080722.htm">Political Bulletin: Tuesday, July 22, 2008</a>. USNews.com (2008-07-22). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-blogs.reuters.com-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blogs.reuters.com_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blogs.reuters.com_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.reuters.com/frontrow/2010/05/19/former-political-enemies-join-hands-to-save-the-world/">"Former political enemies join hands to save the world?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100526175132/http://blogs.reuters.com/frontrow/2010/05/19/former-political-enemies-join-hands-to-save-the-world/">Archived</a> 2010-05-26 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Blogs.reuters.com. May 19, 2010. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Johnson-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2007" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Glen (2007-11-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2007/11/16/kerry_takes_oilman_pickens_up_on_1_million_swift_boat_challenge/">"Kerry takes oilman Pickens up on $1 million Swift Boat challenge"</a>. <i>The Boston Globe</i>. Associated Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Kerry+takes+oilman+Pickens+up+on+%241+million+Swift+Boat+challenge&rft.date=2007-11-16&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmassachusetts%2Farticles%2F2007%2F11%2F16%2Fkerry_takes_oilman_pickens_up_on_1_million_swift_boat_challenge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-rainey-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rainey_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRainey2007" class="citation news cs1">Rainey, James (2007-11-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/politics/la-na-kerry17nov17,1,7546193.story?coll=la-news-politics-national&track=crosspromo">"Kerry takes on 'Swift Boat' challenge"</a>. <i>The Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Kerry+takes+on+%27Swift+Boat%27+challenge&rft.date=2007-11-17&rft.aulast=Rainey&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fpolitics%2Fla-na-kerry17nov17%2C1%2C7546193.story%3Fcoll%3Dla-news-politics-national%26track%3Dcrosspromo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080112185628/http://www.johnkerry.com/2007/11/20/senator-kerry-replies-to-pickens-moving-the-goalposts">"Senator Kerry Responds to Pickens' Moving the Goalposts"</a>. John Kerry for U.S. Senate. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnkerry.com/2007/11/20/senator-kerry-replies-to-pickens-moving-the-goalposts">the original</a> on 2008-01-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senator+Kerry+Responds+to+Pickens%27+Moving+the+Goalposts&rft.pub=John+Kerry+for+U.S.+Senate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnkerry.com%2F2007%2F11%2F20%2Fsenator-kerry-replies-to-pickens-moving-the-goalposts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFZernike2008" class="citation news cs1">Zernike, Kate (June 22, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/us/politics/22kerry.html">"Veterans Rebut 'Swift Boat' Charges Against Kerry in Answer to Challenge"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Veterans+Rebut+%27Swift+Boat%27+Charges+Against+Kerry+in+Answer+to+Challenge&rft.date=2008-06-22&rft.aulast=Zernike&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F06%2F22%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F22kerry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFZernike2008" class="citation news cs1">Zernike, Kate (June 25, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/25/t-boone-pickens-says-no-deal/?scp=1&sq=Boone%20Pickens%20Swift&st=cse">"T. Boone Pickens Says No Deal on Swift Boat Bounty"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=T.+Boone+Pickens+Says+No+Deal+on+Swift+Boat+Bounty.&rft.date=2008-06-25&rft.aulast=Zernike&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F06%2F25%2Ft-boone-pickens-says-no-deal%2F%3Fscp%3D1%26sq%3DBoone%2520Pickens%2520Swift%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quaid, Libby. (2006-09-07) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/headline/nation/4171519.html">House OKs ban on horse slaughter | Top stories | Chron.com – Houston Chronicle</a>. Chron.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPickens2008" class="citation book cs1">Pickens, Boone (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/189"><i>The First Billion is the Hardest</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/189">189</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-39577-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-39577-1"><bdi>978-0-307-39577-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Billion+is+the+Hardest&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-307-39577-1&rft.aulast=Pickens&rft.aufirst=Boone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstbillionis00pick%2Fpage%2F189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Associated Press (July 17, 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wtop.com/?nid=25&sid=1442362">"2 counties want natural gas fueling station"</a> <i>Baltimore Sun</i> (wtop.com).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubenstein, A. (July 29, 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-rubenstein29-2008jul29,0,2980323.story">"T. Boone Pickens' 'clean' secret"</a> <i>Los Angeles Times</i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS249707+21-May-2008+BW20080521">ADDING MULTIMEDIA T. Boone Pickens Makes $100 Million Gift to Oklahoma State University,...</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090110224827/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS249707+21-May-2008+BW20080521">Archived</a> 2009-01-10 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Reuters. May 21, 2008</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Off-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Off_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Off_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gavin Off, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=11&articleid=20100804_11_0_Fortyo272829&archive=yes">"Kaiser, Pickens pledge to donate half their wealth"</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tulsa_World" title="Tulsa World">Tulsa World</a></i>, August 4, 2010.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-waive-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-waive_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-waive_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-waive_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephanie Strom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/24/national/24pickens.html?ex=1140930000&en=da19748d91540a35&ei=5070">Billionaire Gives a Big Gift but Still Gets to Invest It</a> <i>The New York Times</i>. February 24, 2006</span>
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<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPickens2008" class="citation book cs1">Pickens, Boone (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/181"><i>The First Billion is the Hardest</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/181">181–82</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-39577-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-39577-1"><bdi>978-0-307-39577-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Billion+is+the+Hardest&rft.pages=181-82&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-307-39577-1&rft.aulast=Pickens&rft.aufirst=Boone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstbillionis00pick%2Fpage%2F181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channeloklahoma.com/news/7258470/detail.html?rss=okl&psp=news">Document: OSU Planned Eminent Domain Use – Oklahoma City News Story – KOCO Oklahoma City</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup>. Channeloklahoma.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2952800">"Okla. St. hopes investing with alum Pickens will help athletic expansion"</a>. <i>ESPN.com</i>. Associated Press. July 28, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Okla.+St.+hopes+investing+with+alum+Pickens+will+help+athletic+expansion&rft.date=2007-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsports.espn.go.com%2Fncf%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D2952800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lisa Lewis <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080919233730/http://ocolly.com/2008/05/21/boone-pickens-announces-100m-donation-to-osu/">"Boone Pickens announces $100M donation to OSU"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocolly.com/2008/05/21/boone-pickens-announces-100m-donation-to-osu/">the original</a> on September 19, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boone+Pickens+announces+%24100M+donation+to+OSU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focolly.com%2F2008%2F05%2F21%2Fboone-pickens-announces-100m-donation-to-osu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span>. The Daily O'Collegian. May 21, 2008</span>
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<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPickens2008" class="citation book cs1">Pickens, Boone (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/169"><i>The First Billion is the Hardest</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstbillionis00pick/page/169">169</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-39577-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-39577-1"><bdi>978-0-307-39577-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Billion+is+the+Hardest&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-307-39577-1&rft.aulast=Pickens&rft.aufirst=Boone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstbillionis00pick%2Fpage%2F169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDrapeEvans2008" class="citation news cs1">Drape, Joe; Evans, Thayer (October 21, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/21/sports/21boosters.html?_r=1&em&oref=slogin">"Financial Straits of Boosters Hit Athletic Programs"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Financial+Straits+of+Boosters+Hit+Athletic+Programs&rft.date=2008-10-21&rft.aulast=Drape&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=Evans%2C+Thayer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F10%2F21%2Fsports%2F21boosters.html%3F_r%3D1%26em%26oref%3Dslogin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBell2015" class="citation news cs1">Bell, Diane (August 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/making-a-difference/sdut-hurricane-katrina-orleans-dogs-shelters-pickens-2015aug28-story.html">"Katrina dog evacuees flew first class"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune" title="The San Diego Union-Tribune">The San Diego Union-Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.atitle=Katrina+dog+evacuees+flew+first+class&rft.date=2015-08-28&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegouniontribune.com%2Flifestyle%2Fmaking-a-difference%2Fsdut-hurricane-katrina-orleans-dogs-shelters-pickens-2015aug28-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSkinner2016" class="citation news cs1">Skinner, Paige (October 21, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dallasobserver.com/arts/is-texas-womans-university-the-fugliest-building-in-dallas-8822763">"Is Texas Woman's University the Fugliest Building in Dallas?"</a>. <i>Dalls Observer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dalls+Observer&rft.atitle=Is+Texas+Woman%27s+University+the+Fugliest+Building+in+Dallas%3F&rft.date=2016-10-21&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=Paige&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dallasobserver.com%2Farts%2Fis-texas-womans-university-the-fugliest-building-in-dallas-8822763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMadkour2007" class="citation news cs1">Madkour, Rasha (May 15, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myplainview.com/news/article/T-Boone-Pickens-donates-100-million-to-Texas-8501996.php">"T. Boone Pickens donates $100 million to Texas medical centers"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plainview_Daily_Herald" title="Plainview Daily Herald">Plainview Daily Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plainview+Daily+Herald&rft.atitle=T.+Boone+Pickens+donates+%24100+million+to+Texas+medical+centers&rft.date=2007-05-15&rft.aulast=Madkour&rft.aufirst=Rasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myplainview.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FT-Boone-Pickens-donates-100-million-to-Texas-8501996.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2007/08/20/daily33.html">"Pickens gives $2.5M to residential school</a>. Dallas Business Journal. August 23, 2007. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2007/12/03/daily15.html">"Leppert, Pickens announce major donation"</a>. Dallas Business Journal. December 5, 2007.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/billionaire-hands-u-of-c-unexpected-25m-gift-1.725241">"Billionaire hands U of C unexpected $25M gift"</a>. CBC. June 20, 2008.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2008/10/20/daily16.html">"T. Boone Pickens donates to Dallas YMCA"</a>. Dallas Business Journal. October 21, 2008.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/2008/12/08/daily5.html">"Activism earns Pickens 'Texan of the Year' honor"</a>. <i>San Antonio Business Journal</i>. December 8, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Antonio+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Activism+earns+Pickens+%27Texan+of+the+Year%27+honor&rft.date=2008-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fsanantonio%2Fstories%2F2008%2F12%2F08%2Fdaily5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSuzy_Kenly_Waite" class="citation news cs1">Suzy Kenly Waite. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101227080527/http://www.absolutereturn-alpha.com/Article/2649270/T-Boone-Pickens-Ladies-man.html">"T. Boone Pickens: Ladies Man"</a>. <i>Absolute Return + Alpha</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.absolutereturn-alpha.com/Article/2649270/T-Boone-Pickens-Ladies-man.html">the original</a> on 2010-12-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Absolute+Return+%2B+Alpha&rft.atitle=T.+Boone+Pickens%3A+Ladies+Man&rft.au=Suzy+Kenly+Waite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.absolutereturn-alpha.com%2FArticle%2F2649270%2FT-Boone-Pickens-Ladies-man.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Helman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2008/0630/076.html">"Inside T. Boone Pickens' Brain,"</a> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>, June 12, 2018.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business">"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"</a>. <i>www.achievement.org</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.achievement.org&rft.atitle=Golden+Plate+Awardees+of+the+American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Four-history%2Fgolden-plate-awards%2F%23business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-OHOF-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OHOF_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oklahomaheritage.com/Portals/0/docs/T%20Boone%20Pickens.pdf">Oklahoma Hall of Fame: T. Boone Pickens</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRicci2017" class="citation news cs1">Ricci, Jay (November 29, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amarillo.com/news/local-news/business/2017-11-29/fast-facts-t-boone-pickens">"Fast Facts: T Boone Pickens"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amarillo_Globe-News" title="Amarillo Globe-News">Amarillo Globe-News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amarillo+Globe-News&rft.atitle=Fast+Facts%3A+T+Boone+Pickens&rft.date=2017-11-29&rft.aulast=Ricci&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amarillo.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fbusiness%2F2017-11-29%2Ffast-facts-t-boone-pickens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/oklahoma_guarantee/">defines the term</a> <i>"An "Oklahoma guarantee" isn't much of a guarantee. The term probably began with Oklahoma used car dealers offering shady "guarantees" for their used cars."</i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amy Strahan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?articleID=070920_5_E4_spanc60366">Tulsa World. Pickens sees $100 oil, maybe in 2008"</a>. Tulsaworld.com. September 20, 2007. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.opisnet.com/archive/2008/01/02/one-brief-shining-100-bbl-moment-so-far.aspx">One Brief Shining $100 Bbl Moment.. So Far</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080919074825/http://blogs.opisnet.com/archive/2008/01/02/one-brief-shining-100-bbl-moment-so-far.aspx">Archived</a> 2008-09-19 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, January 2, 2008 Oil Price Information Service report by Tom Kloza.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLammers2008" class="citation news cs1">Lammers, Dirk (November 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/2008-11-12-oil-wednesday_N.htm">"Oil drops to just above $56 a barrel on global growth pessimism"</a>. <i>USA Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Oil+drops+to+just+above+%2456+a+barrel+on+global+growth+pessimism&rft.date=2008-11-13&rft.aulast=Lammers&rft.aufirst=Dirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fmoney%2Findustries%2Fenergy%2F2008-11-12-oil-wednesday_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonelyconservative.com/2010/01/21/video-john-stossels-energy-special/">Video: John Stossel's Energy Special</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100123220238/http://www.lonelyconservative.com/2010/01/21/video-john-stossels-energy-special/">Archived</a> 2010-01-23 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Lonely Conservative. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allaboutalpha.com/blog/2019/09/17/boone-pickens-a-trailblazer-passes-on/">"Boone Pickens, A Trailblazer, Passes On"</a>. All About Alpha. September 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boone+Pickens%2C+A+Trailblazer%2C+Passes+On&rft.pub=All+About+Alpha&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutalpha.com%2Fblog%2F2019%2F09%2F17%2Fboone-pickens-a-trailblazer-passes-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/061407/nat_061407027.shtml">Pickens aims to build world's largest wind farm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015358/http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/061407/nat_061407027.shtml">Archived</a> 2007-09-30 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Lubbockonline.com (2007-06-14). Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/08-16-2007/0004647032&EDATE=">Mesa Power's Plans for World's Largest Wind Farm Move Forward with ERCOT Filing</a>. Prnewswire.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-PCOLOklahoman-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PCOLOklahoman_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCOLOklahoman_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCOLOklahoman_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCOLOklahoman_75-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCOLOklahoman_75-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Money <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsok.com/article/3198755/">"Boone Pickens shares his views on energy, politics, the Olympics, OSU's new president"</a>. Newsok.com. January 30, 2008. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDaily2008" class="citation news cs1">Daily, Matt (May 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/OILPRD/idUSN1521224020080515">"UPDATE 2-Pickens' Mesa Power orders GE wind turbines"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=UPDATE+2-Pickens%27+Mesa+Power+orders+GE+wind+turbines&rft.date=2008-05-15&rft.aulast=Daily&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FOILPRD%2FidUSN1521224020080515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGalbraith2008" class="citation news cs1">Galbraith, Kate (2008-07-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/07/20/business/19wind.php">"Texas approves a $4.93 billion wind-power project"</a>. <i>International Herold Tribune</i>. <q>Transmission companies will pay the upfront costs of the project. They will recoup the money from power users, at a rate of about $4 a month for residential customers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Herold+Tribune&rft.atitle=Texas+approves+a+%244.93+billion+wind-power+project&rft.date=2008-07-20&rft.aulast=Galbraith&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F07%2F20%2Fbusiness%2F19wind.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2008/2008-07-18-094.asp">Texas to Spend Billions on Wind Power Transmission Lines</a>. Ens-newswire.com (2008-07-18). Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFNathanael_Baker2010" class="citation web cs1">Nathanael Baker (December 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theenergycollective.com/nathanaelbaker/48644/t-boone-pickens-drops-wind-power-his-energy-plan">"T. Boone Pickens Drops Wind Power From His Energy Plan"</a>. theenergycollective.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T.+Boone+Pickens+Drops+Wind+Power+From+His+Energy+Plan&rft.pub=theenergycollective.com&rft.date=2010-12-15&rft.au=Nathanael+Baker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheenergycollective.com%2Fnathanaelbaker%2F48644%2Ft-boone-pickens-drops-wind-power-his-energy-plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pickensplan.com">"Pickens Plan"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pickens+Plan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pickensplan.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/environmentalcapital/2008/07/08/big-pickens-t-boone-the-oilman-ups-the-ante-in-his-wind-bet">Big Pickens: T. Boone the Oilman Ups the Ante in his Wind Bet</a>, July 8, 2008, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, Keith (May 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/environmentalcapital/2008/05/15/texas-wind-boone-pickens-big-big-bet/">"Texas wind: Boone Pickens' big, big bet"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D91PUFLO0.htm">Financial News</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Business_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Business Week">Business Week</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allison Fass, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2008/07/11/pickensplan-wind-energy-tech-science-cz_af_0710pickens.html">"Pickens Goes For The Grass Roots"</a>, July 11, 2008, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/2008-07-08-t-boone-pickens-plan-wind-energy_N.htm">T. Boone Pickens Plan: Wind Energy</a>, July 8, 2008, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/id/36497893/Natural_Gas_Plan_Gaining_Support_in_Congress_Pickens">"Natural Gas Plan Gaining Support in Congress: Pickens"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013095457/https://www.cnbc.com/id/36497893/Natural_Gas_Plan_Gaining_Support_in_Congress_Pickens">Archived</a> 2013-10-13 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. CNBC. April 14, 2010. Retrieved on 2011-12-06.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, Tina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/city-neapolitan-express-unveil-eco-friendly-food-truck-article-1.1270160">"Neapolitan Express unveils city's first eco-friendly food truck powered by compressed natural gas"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News</a></i> (New York). February 21, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2013.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-fortunehunter-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fortunehunter_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fortunehunter_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHarry_Hunt_III2007" class="citation news cs1">Harry Hunt III (April 16, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upstart.bizjournals.com/executives/features/2007/04/16/Fortune-Hunter.html?page=all">"Fortune Hunter"</a>. Conde Nast Portfolio<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fortune+Hunter&rft.date=2007-04-16&rft.au=Harry+Hunt+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fupstart.bizjournals.com%2Fexecutives%2Ffeatures%2F2007%2F04%2F16%2FFortune-Hunter.html%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Nocera2002" class="citation news cs1">Joseph Nocera (May 27, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222065500/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2002/05/27/323668/">"Return Of The Raider At 73, former takeover artist T. Boone Pickens Jr. is doing deals, making big money, and learning--at long last--how to be happy"</a>. Fortune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2002/05/27/323668/">the original</a> on February 22, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Return+Of+The+Raider+At+73%2C+former+takeover+artist+T.+Boone+Pickens+Jr.+is+doing+deals%2C+making+big+money%2C+and+learning--at+long+last--how+to+be+happy.&rft.date=2002-05-27&rft.au=Joseph+Nocera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Ffortune_archive%2F2002%2F05%2F27%2F323668%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSonia_Smith2012" class="citation web cs1">Sonia Smith (October 4, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasmonthly.com/story/t-boone-and-madeleine-pickens'-super-sad-true-divorce-story">"T. Boone and Madeleine Pickens' Super Sad True Divorce Story"</a>. Texas Monthly<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T.+Boone+and+Madeleine+Pickens%27+Super+Sad+True+Divorce+Story&rft.pub=Texas+Monthly&rft.date=2012-10-04&rft.au=Sonia+Smith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasmonthly.com%2Fstory%2Ft-boone-and-madeleine-pickens%27-super-sad-true-divorce-story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Peppard2014" class="citation web cs1">Alan Peppard (February 14, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140426085324/http://popcultureblog.dallasnews.com/2014/02/t-boone-pickens-and-toni-brinkers-valentines-day-wedding-in-prairie-chapel.html/">"T. Boone Pickens and Toni Brinker's Valentine's Day wedding in prairie chapel"</a>. Dallas Morning News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://popcultureblog.dallasnews.com/2014/02/t-boone-pickens-and-toni-brinkers-valentines-day-wedding-in-prairie-chapel.html/">the original</a> on April 26, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T.+Boone+Pickens+and+Toni+Brinker%27s+Valentine%27s+Day+wedding+in+prairie+chapel&rft.pub=Dallas+Morning+News&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft.au=Alan+Peppard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpopcultureblog.dallasnews.com%2F2014%2F02%2Ft-boone-pickens-and-toni-brinkers-valentines-day-wedding-in-prairie-chapel.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLucking" class="citation news cs1">Lucking, Liz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mansionglobal.com/articles/78652-financier-t-boone-pickens-lists-dallas-mansion-for-6-million">"Financier T. Boone Pickens Lists Dallas Mansion for $6 Million"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Financier+T.+Boone+Pickens+Lists+Dallas+Mansion+for+%246+Million&rft.aulast=Lucking&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mansionglobal.com%2Farticles%2F78652-financier-t-boone-pickens-lists-dallas-mansion-for-6-million&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFParitosh_Bansal2007" class="citation news cs1">Paritosh Bansal (December 10, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pickens-sentencing-idUSN1040329320071210">"T. Boone Pickens' son gets probation in fraud case"</a>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=T.+Boone+Pickens%27+son+gets+probation+in+fraud+case&rft.date=2007-12-10&rft.au=Paritosh+Bansal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-pickens-sentencing-idUSN1040329320071210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Wilonsky2007" class="citation web cs1">Robert Wilonsky (December 10, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2007/12/t_boone_pickens_picks_up_his_s.php">"T. Boone Pickens Picks Up His Son's Bill For Stock Fraud Scheme"</a>. Dallas Observer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T.+Boone+Pickens+Picks+Up+His+Son%27s+Bill+For+Stock+Fraud+Scheme&rft.pub=Dallas+Observer&rft.date=2007-12-10&rft.au=Robert+Wilonsky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.dallasobserver.com%2Funfairpark%2F2007%2F12%2Ft_boone_pickens_picks_up_his_s.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Glovin2007" class="citation news cs1">David Glovin (December 10, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aCpvWcfdWwnA">"Boone Pickens's Son Gets 5 Years Probation for Scam (Update2)"</a>. Bloomberg News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Boone+Pickens%27s+Son+Gets+5+Years+Probation+for+Scam+%28Update2%29&rft.date=2007-12-10&rft.au=David+Glovin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%3Fpid%3Dnewsarchive%26sid%3DaCpvWcfdWwnA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lubbockonline.com/stories/061706/nat_061706046.shtml">"Son of T. Boone Pickens charged with burglary of fly fishing shop"</a>. Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Associated Press. June 17, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Son+of+T.+Boone+Pickens+charged+with+burglary+of+fly+fishing+shop&rft.pub=Lubbock+Avalanche-Journal&rft.date=2006-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flubbockonline.com%2Fstories%2F061706%2Fnat_061706046.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kxii.com/home/headlines/1717092.html">"Son of Famous OSU Alum Arrested"</a>. KXII. Associated Press. July 20, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Son+of+Famous+OSU+Alum+Arrested&rft.pub=KXII&rft.date=2005-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kxii.com%2Fhome%2Fheadlines%2F1717092.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFIan_Katz2005" class="citation web cs1">Ian Katz (July 19, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2005-07-19/business/0507180279_1_faxes-stock-tip-boone-pickens">"Coral Gables Promoter Charged In Fax Scheme"</a>. Florida Sun-Sentinel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coral+Gables+Promoter+Charged+In+Fax+Scheme&rft.pub=Florida+Sun-Sentinel&rft.date=2005-07-19&rft.au=Ian+Katz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.sun-sentinel.com%2F2005-07-19%2Fbusiness%2F0507180279_1_faxes-stock-tip-boone-pickens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Pickens2012" class="citation web cs1">Michael Pickens (October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140306214148/http://michaelpickens.blogspot.com/">"5 Days In Connecticut"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://michaelpickens.blogspot.com">the original</a> on 2014-03-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5+Days+In+Connecticut&rft.date=2012-10&rft.au=Michael+Pickens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmichaelpickens.blogspot.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMaria_Halkias2013" class="citation web cs1">Maria Halkias (March 29, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140528040317/http://bizbeatblog.dallasnews.com/2013/03/pickens-family-in-fight-over-tell-all-blog.html/">"Pickens family in fight over tell-all blog"</a>. Dallas Morning News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bizbeatblog.dallasnews.com/2013/03/pickens-family-in-fight-over-tell-all-blog.html/">the original</a> on May 28, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pickens+family+in+fight+over+tell-all+blog&rft.pub=Dallas+Morning+News&rft.date=2013-03-29&rft.au=Maria+Halkias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbizbeatblog.dallasnews.com%2F2013%2F03%2Fpickens-family-in-fight-over-tell-all-blog.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFEric_Nicholson2013" class="citation web cs1">Eric Nicholson (April 19, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2013/04/t_boone_pickens_lawsuit_tell-a.php">"T. Boone Pickens is in a Strange Family Legal Feud Over His Son's Tell-All Blog"</a>. Dallas Observer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T.+Boone+Pickens+is+in+a+Strange+Family+Legal+Feud+Over+His+Son%27s+Tell-All+Blog&rft.pub=Dallas+Observer&rft.date=2013-04-19&rft.au=Eric+Nicholson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.dallasobserver.com%2Funfairpark%2F2013%2F04%2Ft_boone_pickens_lawsuit_tell-a.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Lee2013" class="citation web cs1">David Lee (April 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courthousenews.com/2013/04/08/56477.htm">"Pickens Family Feuding Over Tell-All Blog"</a>. Courthouse News Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pickens+Family+Feuding+Over+Tell-All+Blog&rft.pub=Courthouse+News+Service&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft.au=David+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.courthousenews.com%2F2013%2F04%2F08%2F56477.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-sonsuit-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sonsuit_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCaleb_Melby2013" class="citation news cs1">Caleb Melby (April 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/calebmelby/2013/04/16/billionaire-t-boone-pickens-sues-his-son-alleging-cyberbullying/">"Billionaire T. Boone Pickens Sues His Son, Alleging 'Cyberbullying"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Billionaire+T.+Boone+Pickens+Sues+His+Son%2C+Alleging+%27Cyberbullying&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.au=Caleb+Melby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fcalebmelby%2F2013%2F04%2F16%2Fbillionaire-t-boone-pickens-sues-his-son-alleging-cyberbullying%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/04/25/t-boone-pickens-grandson-dies/2113391/">"Autopsy: T. Boone Pickens' grandson died from heroin"</a>. USAToday.com. Associated Press. April 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Autopsy%3A+T.+Boone+Pickens%27+grandson+died+from+heroin&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fmoney%2Fbusiness%2F2013%2F04%2F25%2Ft-boone-pickens-grandson-dies%2F2113391%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDomingo_Ramirez_Jr.2013" class="citation web cs1">Domingo Ramirez Jr. (January 29, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222001532/http://www.star-telegram.com/2013/01/29/4583852/t-boone-pickens-grandson-dies.html#storylink=cpy">"Boone Pickens' grandson dies at Fort Worth hospital"</a>. Star Telegram. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.star-telegram.com/2013/01/29/4583852/t-boone-pickens-grandson-dies.html#storylink=cpy">the original</a> on February 22, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boone+Pickens%27+grandson+dies+at+Fort+Worth+hospital&rft.pub=Star+Telegram&rft.date=2013-01-29&rft.au=Domingo+Ramirez+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.star-telegram.com%2F2013%2F01%2F29%2F4583852%2Ft-boone-pickens-grandson-dies.html%23storylink%3Dcpy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCaleb_Melby2013" class="citation news cs1">Caleb Melby (April 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/calebmelby/2013/04/16/billionaire-t-boone-pickens-sues-his-son-alleging-cyberbullying/">"Billionaire T. Boone Pickens Sues His Son, Alleging 'Cyberbullying<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>Forbes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes.com&rft.atitle=Billionaire+T.+Boone+Pickens+Sues+His+Son%2C+Alleging+%27Cyberbullying%27&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.au=Caleb+Melby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fcalebmelby%2F2013%2F04%2F16%2Fbillionaire-t-boone-pickens-sues-his-son-alleging-cyberbullying%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFColberg2009" class="citation news cs1">Colberg, Sonya (2009-07-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=12&articleid=20090713_298_0_HOLDEN425581">"Pickens' signature taken from Holdenville man's driveway"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tulsa_World" title="Tulsa World">Tulsa World</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tulsa+World&rft.atitle=Pickens%27+signature+taken+from+Holdenville+man%27s+driveway&rft.date=2009-07-13&rft.aulast=Colberg&rft.aufirst=Sonya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tulsaworld.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.aspx%3Fsubjectid%3D12%26articleid%3D20090713_298_0_HOLDEN425581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2009/07/30/Pickens-returns-slab-court-battle-looms/UPI-80631248983704/">"Pickens returns slab, court battle looms"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/UPI" class="mw-redirect" title="UPI">UPI</a></i>. 2009-07-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Pickens+returns+slab%2C+court+battle+looms&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FOdd_News%2F2009%2F07%2F30%2FPickens-returns-slab-court-battle-looms%2FUPI-80631248983704%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFColberg2010" class="citation news cs1">Colberg, Sonya (2010-02-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=11&articleid=20100225_12_A7_HLEVLE645696&allcom=1">"Driveway slab Pickens took is back with homeowner"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tulsa_World" title="Tulsa World">Tulsa World</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tulsa+World&rft.atitle=Driveway+slab+Pickens+took+is+back+with+homeowner&rft.date=2010-02-25&rft.aulast=Colberg&rft.aufirst=Sonya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tulsaworld.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.aspx%3Fsubjectid%3D11%26articleid%3D20100225_12_A7_HLEVLE645696%26allcom%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2019" class="citation web cs1">Steinberg, Marty (2019-09-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/11/t-boone-pickens-oracle-of-oil-and-corporate-raider-dies-at-91.html">"T. Boone Pickens, the 'Oracle of Oil,' corporate raider and billionaire philanthropist, dies at 91"</a>. <i>CNBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=T.+Boone+Pickens%2C+the+%27Oracle+of+Oil%2C%27+corporate+raider+and+billionaire+philanthropist%2C+dies+at+91&rft.date=2019-09-11&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Marty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F09%2F11%2Ft-boone-pickens-oracle-of-oil-and-corporate-raider-dies-at-91.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPower2019" class="citation web cs1">Power, Chris (September 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/t-boone-pickens-texas-oil-tycoon-who-led-legendary-corporate-raids-dies-at-91/2019/09/11/5bf7a96a-cc0b-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html">"T. Boone Pickens, Texas oil tycoon who led legendary corporate raids, dies at 91"</a>. <i>washingtonpost.com</i>. WaPo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=T.+Boone+Pickens%2C+Texas+oil+tycoon+who+led+legendary+corporate+raids%2C+dies+at+91&rft.date=2019-09-11&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Ft-boone-pickens-texas-oil-tycoon-who-led-legendary-corporate-raids-dies-at-91%2F2019%2F09%2F11%2F5bf7a96a-cc0b-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boonepickens.com/?p=2343">"A final message from T. Boone Pickens shared before his passing on September 11, 2019"</a>. boonepickens.com. September 18, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+final+message+from+T.+Boone+Pickens+shared+before+his+passing+on+September+11%2C+2019&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboonepickens.com%2F%3Fp%3D2343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span></h2>
<ul><li>Pickens, T. Boone, <i>The First Billion is the Hardest: Reflections on a life of Comebacks and America's Energy Future</i>, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-307-39577-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-307-39577-4">0-307-39577-4</a></li>
<li>Pickens, Boone, <i>The Luckiest Guy in the World</i>, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58798-019-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-58798-019-3">1-58798-019-3</a></li>
<li>Pickens, Boone, <i>Boone</i>, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-47811-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-47811-1">0-395-47811-1</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bpcfunds.com/content/team/boone-pickens/">"Boone Pickens"</a>. BP Capital Fund Advisors<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boone+Pickens&rft.pub=BP+Capital+Fund+Advisors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bpcfunds.com%2Fcontent%2Fteam%2Fboone-pickens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+Boone+Pickens" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927231934/http://www.horatioalger.com/members/member_info.cfm?memberid=PIC06">Biography of Boone Pickens (Horatio Alger Awards)</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pickensplan.com">PickensPlan</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?tpickens">Appearances</a> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://writetv.okstate.edu/bestofWOL.html"><i>Write TV</i> Public Television Interview with T. Boone Pickens</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110426162352/http://us.hsmglobal.com/interior/index.php?p=speaker&idPersona=4245&idEvento=184">T. Boone Pickens Biography and Session Description</a> on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Business_Forum" title="World Business Forum">World Business Forum</a> where Pickens is a featured speaker for the 2009 event</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voicesofoklahoma.com/interview/pickens-boone/">Voices of Oklahoma interview with T. Boone Pickens.</a> First person interview conducted on August 6, 2010, with T. Boone Pickens.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seekingalpha.com/article/312319-t-boone-pickens-and-andrew-hall-are-bullish-about-these-energy-stocks">T. Boone Pickens And Andrew Hall Are Bullish About These Energy Stocks</a> December 7, 2011. Seeking Alpha</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/202923261">T. Boone Pickens</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Private_equity_and_venture_capital_investors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Private_equity_investors" title="Template:Private equity investors"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Private_equity_investors" title="Template talk:Private equity investors"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Private_equity_investors&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Private_equity_and_venture_capital_investors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a> investors</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investment strategy</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">Buyout</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Growth_capital" title="Growth capital">Growth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_capital" title="Mezzanine capital">Mezzanine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Private_equity_secondary_market" title="Private equity secondary market">Secondaries</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Chicklet-currency.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Chicklet-currency.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chicklet-currency.jpg/60px-Chicklet-currency.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="54" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="250" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="History of private equity and venture capital">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="History of private equity and venture capital">History of private equity and venture capital</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Early_history_of_private_equity" title="Early history of private equity">Early history of private equity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1980s" title="Private equity in the 1980s">Private equity in the 1980s</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1990s" title="Private equity in the 1990s">Private equity in the 1990s</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2000s" title="Private equity in the 2000s">Private equity in the 2000s</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investor types</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Private_equity_and_venture_capital_investors" title="Category:Private equity and venture capital investors">Private equity investors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Venture_capitalists" title="Category:Venture capitalists">Venture capitalists</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Corporate_raiders" title="Category:Corporate raiders">Corporate raiders</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Football_Foundation_Distinguished_American_Award_recipients" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:National_Football_Foundation_Distinguished_American_Award" title="Template:National Football Foundation Distinguished American Award"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:National_Football_Foundation_Distinguished_American_Award" title="Template talk:National Football Foundation Distinguished American Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:National_Football_Foundation_Distinguished_American_Award&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Football_Foundation_Distinguished_American_Award_recipients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Football_Foundation_Distinguished_American_Award" title="National Football Foundation Distinguished American Award">National Football Foundation Distinguished American Award</a> recipients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Carpenter" title="Bill Carpenter">Carpenter</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archibald_MacLeish" title="Archibald MacLeish">MacLeish</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vince_Lombardi" title="Vince Lombardi">Lombardi</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Boyden" title="Frank Boyden">Boyden</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerome_H._Holland" title="Jerome H. Holland">Holland</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1973: <i>No award</i></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Hope</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Hesburgh" title="Theodore Hesburgh">Hesburgh</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Van_Fleet" title="James Van Fleet">Van Fleet</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1977: Joyce</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1978: <i>No award</i></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_W._Galbreath" title="John W. Galbreath">Galbreath</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fred_Russell" title="Fred Russell">Russell</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sonny_Werblin" title="Sonny Werblin">Werblin</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1982: Silver Anniversary (all honored) – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Brown" title="Jim Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Willie_Davis_(defensive_end)" title="Willie Davis (defensive end)">Davis</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Kemp</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ron_Kramer" title="Ron Kramer">Ron Kramer</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Swink" title="Jim Swink">Swink</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leon_Hess" title="Leon Hess">Hess</a> & <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">Stewart</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_M._Nelson" title="David M. Nelson">Nelson</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1985: Flynn</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Toner" title="John Toner">Toner</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ike_Sewell" title="Ike Sewell">Sewell</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_M._Rodgers" title="Joe M. Rodgers">Rodgers</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moose_Krause" title="Moose Krause">Krause</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Rozelle" title="Pete Rozelle">Rozelle</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Paterno" title="Joe Paterno">Paterno</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wellington_Mara" title="Wellington Mara">Mara</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dick_Kazmaier" title="Dick Kazmaier">Kazmaier</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Bolden" title="Charles Bolden">Bolden</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Osborne" title="Tom Osborne">Osborne</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1996: Monan, S.J</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1997: <i>No award</i></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roy_Kramer" title="Roy Kramer">Roy Kramer</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">1999: <i>No award</i></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2000: Decio</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2001: Frank</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Young_(American_football_executive)" title="George Young (American football executive)">Young</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Khayat" title="Robert Khayat">Khayat</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Casciola" title="Robert Casciola">Casciola</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alan_Page" title="Alan Page">Page</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Tillman" title="Pat Tillman">Tillman</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rocky_Bleier" title="Rocky Bleier">Bleier</a> </span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pickens</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billy_Payne" title="Billy Payne">Payne</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Brokaw" title="Tom Brokaw">Brokaw</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archie_Roberts_(American_football)" title="Archie Roberts (American football)">Roberts</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Bodenheimer" title="George Bodenheimer">Bodenheimer</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raymond_T._Odierno" title="Raymond T. Odierno">Odierno</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2014: <i>No award</i></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_D._Byrne_Jr." title="William D. Byrne Jr.">Byrne</a>, Tew & White</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_H._McRaven" title="William H. McRaven">McRaven</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/131930613">Integrated Authority File (Germany)</a></span></li>
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<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000116501991">1</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/57759235">1</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n85329320">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National libraries</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12099866m">France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12099866m">(data)</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n85329320">United States</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00473055">Japan</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07299021X">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/188938/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dz34v6">Social Networks and Archival Context</a></span></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (France)</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029354315">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1628751012 |