Examine individual changes

'{{Short description|American content platform and production company}} {{About|the media service}} <noinclude>{{Use American English|date=May 2019}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox website | name = Netflix, Inc. | logo = [[File:Netflix 2015 logo.svg|frameless|upright]] | screenshot = Netflix - English.jpg | collapsible = no | collapsetext = Screenshot | caption = Screenshot of Netflix's English website in 2019 | company_type = [[Public company|Public]] | type = [[Over-the-top media service|OTT platform]] | traded_as = {{ubl|{{NASDAQ|NFLX}}|[[NASDAQ-100]] component|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}} | foundation = {{Start date and age|1997|8|29}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Business Search – Business Entities – Business Programs {{!}} California Country of State|url=https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/CBS/SearchResults?SearchType=CORP&SearchCriteria=Netflix&SearchSubType=Keyword|website=businesssearch.sos.ca.gov|access-date=May 26, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813103404/https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/CBS/SearchResults?SearchType=CORP&SearchCriteria=Netflix&SearchSubType=Keyword|archive-date=August 13, 2017}}</ref> in [[Scotts Valley, California]] | location = [[Los Gatos, California]], U.S. | area_served = Worldwide (excluding [[Mainland China]], [[Crimea]], [[North Korea]] and [[Syria]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Where is Netflix available?|url=https://help.netflix.com/en/node/14164|publisher=Netflix|access-date=August 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707184542/https://help.netflix.com/en/node/14164|archive-date=July 7, 2017}}</ref> | founder = {{plainlist| * [[Reed Hastings]] * [[Marc Randolph]] }} | key_people = {{plainlist| * Reed Hastings ([[Chairman]], Co-[[Chief executive officer|CEO]]) * [[Ted Sarandos]] (Co-[[Chief executive officer|CEO]], [[Chief content officer|CCO]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bursztynsky|first=Jessica|date=2020-07-16|title=Netflix promotes Ted Sarandos to co-CEO|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/16/netflix-names-ted-sarandos-co-ceo.html|access-date=2020-07-16|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> * Greg Peters ([[Chief operating officer|COO]], [[Chief product officer|CPO]]) }} | industry = Tech & Entertainment,<!--Netflix streams video, produces original content, and offers rental services. This generally falls under entertainment, as the | products and | services would note Netflix's offers.--> mass media | products = {{flatlist| * Streaming media * [[video on demand]] }} | services = {{flatlist| * Film production * film distribution * television production * television distribution }} | revenue = {{increase}} {{US$|25&nbsp;billion|link=no}} (2020) | operating_income = {{increase}} US$4.585&nbsp;billion (2020) | net_income = {{increase}} US$2.761&nbsp;billion (2020) | assets = {{increase}} US$39.28&nbsp;billion (2020) | equity = {{increase}} US$11.065&nbsp;billion (2020) | num_employees = 12,135 (2021) | divisions = US Streaming<br />International Streaming<br />Domestic DVD | subsid = {{Plainlist| * DVD Netflix (DVD.com) * [[Millarworld]]<ref name="Archived copy">{{cite web |url=https://ir.netflix.com/node/29631/html |title=Netflix – Financials – SEC Filings |access-date=January 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131024137/https://ir.netflix.com/node/29631/html |archive-date=January 31, 2018 }}</ref> * LT-LA<ref name="Deadline Hollywood">{{cite web |last1=Hipes |first1=Patrick |title=Netflix Takes Top Awards Strategist Lisa Taback Off The Table |url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/netflix-lisa-taback-hollywood-awards-strategist-hire-1202428876/ |publisher=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=July 18, 2018|date=July 18, 2018 }}</ref> * [[Albuquerque Studios|ABQ Studios]] * Netflix Pictures * [[Netflix Animation]] * Netflix Pte. Ltd. * Netflix Services UK Limited * Netflix Streaming Services International B.V. * Netflix Streaming Services, Inc. * Netflix Global, LLC * Netflix Services Germany GmbH * NetflixCS, Inc. * Netflix Luxembourg S.a r.l. * Netflix Studios * Netflix Entretenimento Brasil LTDA. * Netflix Pty. Ltd. * [[StoryBots|StoryBots, Inc.]] * [[Grauman's Egyptian Theatre|Egyptian Theatre]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/netflix-hollywood-egyptian-theatre-1234619985/|title=Netflix Closes Deal to Buy Hollywood's Egyptian Theatre|first1=Dave|last1=McNary|date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> * Broke and Bones (stake)<ref name="Deadline202007">{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/07/charlie-brooker-annabel-jones-netflix-broke-and-bones-1202996292/|title=Netflix Quietly Strikes Landmark Investment Deal With 'Black Mirror' Creators Charlie Brooker & Annabel Jones|first1=Jake|last1=Kanter|date=July 30, 2020}}</ref> }} | website = {{URL|netflix.com}} | registration = Required | num_users = {{increase}} 209 million (paid; {{As of|2021|07|20|lc=y|df=US}}) | footnotes = <ref name=10K>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1065280/000106528021000040/nflx-20201231.htm |title=US SEC: 2020 Form 10-K Netflix, Inc. |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |date=January 28, 2021 |access-date=January 30, 2021}}</ref> }} '''Netflix, Inc.''' is an American [[Over-the-top media services|over-the-top content platform]] and [[production company]] headquartered in [[Los Gatos, California]]. Netflix was founded in 1997 by [[Reed Hastings]] and [[Marc Randolph]] in [[Scotts Valley, California]]. The company's primary business is a subscription-based [[Streaming service provider|streaming service]] offering online streaming from a library of films and television series, including those produced in-house.<ref name="NYFLIX">{{Cite news |title=A Stream of Movies, Sort of Free |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/25/technology/25pogue.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 25, 2007 |access-date=February 7, 2016 |issn=0362-4331 |first=David |last=Pogue |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322100820/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/25/technology/25pogue.html |archive-date=March 22, 2016 }}</ref> As of July 2021, Netflix had 209 million subscribers, including 72 million in the United States and Canada.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/20/22394425/netflix-subscriber-growth-stalls-2021 | title=Netflix subscriber growth is stalling as it runs low on hits | first=Jacob | last=Kastrenakes | work=[[The Verge]] | date=April 20, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://observer.com/2021/04/netflix-subscriber-growth-slowing-but-customers-are-loyal/ | title=Netflix Growth Is Slowing, But Its Customers Remain the Most Loyal of All | first=Brandon | last=Katz | work=Observer| date=April 30, 2021}}</ref> It is available worldwide except in mainland China (due to local restrictions), [[Syria]], [[North Korea]], and [[Crimea]] (due to US sanctions). The company has offices in Canada, France, Brazil, the Netherlands, India, Japan, South Korea, and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://help.netflix.com/en/node/2101 |title=Netflix Corporate Information |work=Netflix |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103172337/https://help.netflix.com/en/node/2101 |archive-date=January 3, 2018 }}</ref> Netflix is a member of the [[Motion Picture Association]] (MPA), producing and distributing content from countries all over the globe. Netflix's initial business model included [[DVD]] sales and rental by mail, but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business.<ref name=NYFLIX/><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Netflixed: The Epic Battle for America's Eyeballs|last=Keating|first=Gina|publisher=Portfolio/Penguin|year=2012|isbn=9781101601433|location=New York|page=47}}</ref> Netflix expanded its business in 2007 with the introduction of streaming media while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental business. The company expanded internationally in 2010 with streaming available in Canada,<ref>{{cite news |title = Netflix launches Canadian movie service |url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/netflix-launches-canadian-movie-service-1.872505 |publisher=[[CBC News]] |access-date = February 7, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160213070840/http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/netflix-launches-canadian-movie-service-1.872505 |archive-date = February 13, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> followed by Latin America and the Caribbean. Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series [[House of Cards (American TV series)|''House of Cards'']]. Since 2012, Netflix has taken more of an active role as producer and distributor for both film and television series, and to that end, offers a variety of "[[List of Netflix original programming|Netflix Original]]" content through its online library.<ref>{{cite web |title = Netflix chief bulks up on series (600 hours!) |url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2016/01/17/netflix-chief-bulks-up-series-600-hours/78931816/ |website = USA Today |access-date = February 7, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160129042636/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2016/01/17/netflix-chief-bulks-up-series-600-hours/78931816/ |archive-date = January 29, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> By January 2016, Netflix services operated in more than 190 countries.<ref>{{Cite news |title = Netflix Expands to 190 Countries |url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/netflix-expands-to-190-countries-1452106429 |newspaper = The Wall Street Journal |access-date = February 7, 2016 |issn = 0099-9660 |first1 = Ezequiel |last1 = Minaya |first2 = Amol |last2 = Sharma |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160207005329/http://www.wsj.com/articles/netflix-expands-to-190-countries-1452106429 |archive-date = February 7, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> Netflix released an estimated 126 [[original series]] and films in 2016, more than any other network or cable channel.<ref name="hr-backlash" /> As of December 31, 2020, the company had $16 billion in long term debt, which it accumulated to fund its growth.<ref name=10K/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2017/10/16/anticipation-builds-pushing-stock-up-ahead-of-netflixs-earnings-report.html|title=Netflix sinking deeper into debt to fuel subscriber growth|last=Liedtke|first=Michael|date=October 16, 2017|work=Toronto Star|access-date=October 17, 2017|issn=0319-0781|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016202417/https://www.thestar.com/business/2017/10/16/anticipation-builds-pushing-stock-up-ahead-of-netflixs-earnings-report.html|archive-date=October 16, 2017}}</ref> The company is ranked 164th on the ''[[Fortune 500]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fortune.com/company/netflix/fortune500/ |title=Fortune 500: Netflix |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] }}</ref> and 284th on the [[Forbes Global 2000]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Forbes Global 2000: Pfizer | url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/netflix/ | work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> On July 10, 2020, Netflix became the largest entertainment/media company by [[market capitalization]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Swartz|first=Jon|title=Netflix shares close up 8% for yet another record high|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/netflix-shares-close-up-8-for-yet-another-record-high-2020-07-10|access-date=2020-07-19|website=MarketWatch|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2021, Netflix was ranked as the 8th most trusted brand globally by [[Morning Consult]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Howard|first=Phoebe Wall|title=Ford rated with Apple, Amazon, Pfizer in new consumer trust survey|url=https://www.freep.com/story/money/cars/2021/04/20/consumer-trust-ford-toyota-tesla-bmw-surges-covid-19/7298666002/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=Detroit Free Press|language=en-US}}</ref> During the [[2010s]] decade, Netflix was the top-performing [[stock]] in the [[S&P 500]] [[stock market index]], with a total return of 3,693%.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/the-10-best-stocks-of-the-past-decade-51576628081 |title=10 Stocks That Had Better Decades Than Amazon and Google |last=Hough |first=Jack |work=[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]] | date=December 18, 2019 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fitzgerald |first=Maggie|title=Here are the best-performing stocks of the decade |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/13/the-best-performing-stocks-of-the-decade-it-all-starts-with-netflix.html |website=[[CNBC]] |date=December 13, 2019}}</ref> {{toclimit|3}} == History == {{Further|Timeline of Netflix}} {{See also|Technical details of Netflix}} {{anchor|Founding and establishment}} === Establishment === [[Marc Randolph]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=17958160|title= Caroline Randolph LinkedIn Profile|author= self|access-date= October 31, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://techcrunch.com/2010/05/07/marc-randolph-bookrenter/ |title= Marc Randolph Techcrunch|first= Robin|last= Wauters|access-date= October 31, 2011|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111028100801/http://techcrunch.com/2010/05/07/marc-randolph-bookrenter/|archive-date= October 28, 2011}}</ref> and [[Reed Hastings]] founded Netflix on August 29, 1997 in [[Scotts Valley, California]]. Randolph worked as a marketing director for Hastings's company, [[Pure Software|Pure Atria]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rational-software-announces-agreement-to-acquire-pure-atria-75078807.html|title= Rational Software Announces Agreement to Acquire Pure Atria|first= Pure Atria|last= Corp.|agency= PR Newswire|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170225140214/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rational-software-announces-agreement-to-acquire-pure-atria-75078807.html|archive-date= February 25, 2017|access-date= March 3, 2017}}</ref> Randolph had co-founded MicroWarehouse, a computer mail-order company; [[Borland International]] later employed him as vice president of marketing. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, sold Pure Atria to [[Rational Software Corporation]] in 1997 for $700&nbsp;million in what was then the biggest acquisition in [[Silicon Valley]] history. The two came up with the idea for Netflix when commuting between their homes in [[Santa Cruz, California|Santa Cruz]] and Pure Atria's headquarters in Sunnyvale while waiting for government regulators to approve the merger,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title = Netflixed: The Epic Battle for America's Eyeballs |last = Keating |first = Gina |publisher = Portfolio/ Penguin |year = 2012 }}</ref> although Hastings has given several different explanations for how the idea came about.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/23/netflix-ceo-reed-hastings-on-how-the-company-was-born.html|title= Reed Hastings' story about the founding of Netflix has changed several times|first= Michelle|last= Castillo|date= May 23, 2017|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171102211235/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/23/netflix-ceo-reed-hastings-on-how-the-company-was-born.html|archive-date= November 2, 2017}}</ref> Hastings invested $2.5&nbsp;million in startup cash for Netflix.<ref>{{cite web|title= Netflix Company History|url= http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/netflix-inc-history/|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170902133826/http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/netflix-inc-history/|archive-date= September 2, 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Randolph admired the fledgling [[e-commerce]] company [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] and wanted to find a large category of portable items to sell over the [[Internet]] using a similar model. Hastings and Randolph considered and rejected [[VHS tapes]] as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship. When they heard about DVDs, first introduced in the United States on March 24, 1997,<ref>{{cite news |title= For the DVD, Disney Magic May Be the Key | author= Johnson, Lawrence B. |work= [[The New York Times]] |date= September 7, 1997 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/07/movies/for-the-dvd-disney-magic-may-be-the-key.html |access-date= May 25, 2009 }}</ref> they tested the concept of selling or renting DVDs by mail by mailing a compact disc to Hastings's house in Santa Cruz. When the disc arrived intact, they decided to take on the $16&nbsp;billion [[home-video]] sales and rental industry.<ref name=":1" /> Hastings is often quoted saying that he decided to start Netflix after being fined $40 at a Blockbuster store for being late to return a copy of [[Apollo 13 (film)|''Apollo 13'']], but he and Randolph designed this apocryphal story to explain the company's business model and motivation.<ref name=":1" /> Netflix launched as the world's first online DVD-rental store, with only 30 employees and 925 titles available—almost the entire catalogue of DVDs at the time<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/netflix-inc-history/|title= History of Netflix, Inc. – Funding Universe|website= funding universe.com}}</ref>—using the pay-per-rent model, with rates and due dates similar to those of its [[brick-and-mortar]] competitor, [[Blockbuster LLC|Blockbuster]].<ref> {{cite web |first= Stephen|last= Czar|year= 1998 |url= http://www.dvdfile.com/news/special_report/features/timeline/timeline.htm |title= DVD Historical Timeline |access-date= January 30, 2006|url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060319083437/http://www.dvdfile.com/news/special_report/features/timeline/timeline.htm |archive-date= March 19, 2006 }} </ref><ref name=":1" /> === Membership fee, Blockbuster acquisition offer, growth start === Netflix introduced the monthly subscription concept in September 1999,<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Jeffrey M.|last=O'Brien|url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/10.12/netflix.html|title=The Netflix Effect|magazine=Wired News|date=December 2002|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905045540/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/10.12/netflix.html|archive-date=September 5, 2013}}</ref> and then dropped the single-rental model in early 2000. Since that time (see [[Technical details of Netflix]]), the company has built its reputation on the business model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees, or per-title rental fees.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lifewire.com/renting-from-netflix-1854040|title=Things You Should Know About Renting From Netflix|work=Lifewire|access-date=August 10, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710211444/https://www.lifewire.com/renting-from-netflix-1854040|archive-date=July 10, 2017}}</ref> In 2000, when Netflix had just about 300,000 subscribers and relied on the US Postal Service for the delivery of DVDs, losses totaled $57&nbsp;million and offered to be acquired by [[Blockbuster LLC]] for $50&nbsp;million. It proposed that Netflix, which would be renamed as Blockbuster.com, would handle the online business, while Blockbuster would take care of the DVDs, making them less dependent on the US Postal Service. The offer was declined.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marketplace.org/2020/09/08/ceo-reed-hastings-on-how-netflix-beat-blockbuster/|title=CEO Reed Hastings on how Netflix beat Blockbuster|date=September 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Netflix Vs Blockbuster Business War |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbOsI_fYqGU |website=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/02/03/outside-the-box-2|title=The Red-Envelope Revolution|first=Ken|last=Auletta|date=January 27, 2014|work=The New Yorker}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703384204575509331302481448|title=Blockbuster to Remake Itself Under Creditors|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=September 24, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807023527/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703384204575509331302481448|archive-date=August 7, 2017}}</ref> While Netflix experienced fast growth in early 2001, both the [[dot-com bubble]] burst and the [[September 11 attacks]] occurred later that year, affecting the company badly and forcing Netflix to lay off one-third of its 120 employees. However, sales of DVD players finally took off as they became more affordable, selling for about $200 around Thanksgiving time, becoming one of that year's most popular Christmas gifts. By early 2002, Netflix saw a huge increase in its subscription business.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://hbr.org/2014/01/how-netflix-reinvented-hr|title=How Netflix Reinvented HR|date=January 1, 2014|journal=Harvard Business Review|last1=Charan|first1=Ram}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Eileen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRQEAAAAMBAJ&q=Best+Buy+DVD/CD/CD-R/MP3+$199+Thanksgiving+Oritron&pg=PA79|title=VM Labs Pushes Its Nuon DVD Players; Image Unleashes Its Own Dinos, Apes |work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=June 16, 2001|via=Google Books}}</ref> Netflix initiated an [[initial public offering]] (IPO) on May 29, 2002, selling 5.5&nbsp;million shares of [[common stock]] at the price of US$15.00 per share. On June 14, 2002, the company sold an additional 825,000 shares of common stock at the same price. After incurring substantial losses during its first few years, Netflix posted its first profit during the fiscal year 2003, earning US$6.5&nbsp;million profit on revenues of US$272&nbsp;million. In 2005, 35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1&nbsp;million DVDs out every day.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=4149765|title=Movies to go|work=The Economist|date=July 7, 2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206232113/http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=4149765|archive-date=December 6, 2008}}</ref> Randolph, a dominant producer and board member for Netflix, retired from the company in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apbspeakers.com/speaker/marc-randolph|title=Marc Randolph {{!}} Speaker Profile and Speaking Topics|website=www.apbspeakers.com|access-date=November 13, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016131415/http://www.apbspeakers.com/speaker/marc-randolph|archive-date=October 16, 2015}}</ref> Netflix was sued in 2004 for false advertising in relation to claims of "unlimited rentals" with "one-day delivery".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2005/11/5515-2/|title=Netflix settles class action lawsuit|work=Ars Technica|access-date=June 4, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117002751/https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2005/11/5515-2/|archive-date=November 17, 2017}}</ref> === Entertainment dominance, presence, and continued growth === Netflix has been one of the most successful [[dot-com startup|dot-com ventures]]. In September 2002, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that, at the time, Netflix mailed about 190,000 discs per day to its 670,000 monthly subscribers.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/23/business/new-economy-dvd-s-have-found-an-unexpected-route-to-a-wide-public-snail-mail.html?scp=2&sq=netflix&st=nyt |title=New Economy; DVD's have found an unexpected route to a wide public: snail mail |work=The New York Times |first=Peter |last=Wayner |date=September 23, 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713172300/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/23/business/new-economy-dvd-s-have-found-an-unexpected-route-to-a-wide-public-snail-mail.html?scp=2&sq=netflix&st=nyt |archive-date=July 13, 2019 | df=mdy-all |access-date=January 10, 2020}}</ref> The company's published subscriber count increased from one million in the fourth quarter of 2002 to around 5.6&nbsp;million at the end of the third quarter of 2006, to 14&nbsp;million in March 2010. Netflix's early growth was fueled by the fast spread of [[DVD player]]s in households; in 2004, nearly two-thirds of United States homes had a DVD player. Netflix capitalized on the success of the DVD and its rapid expansion into United States homes, integrating the potential of the Internet and e-commerce to provide services and catalogs that bricks-and-mortar retailers could not compete with. Netflix also operates an online affiliate program that has helped build online sales for DVD rentals. The company offers unlimited vacation time for salaried workers and allows employees to take any amount of their paychecks in stock options.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Ryan|last=Blitstein|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07092/773993-28.stm|title=Vacation policy at Netflix: Take as much as you want|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|date=March 22, 2007|access-date=November 10, 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014134133/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07092/773993-28.stm|archive-date=October 14, 2008}}</ref> By 2010, Netflix's streaming business had grown so quickly that within months the company had shifted from the fastest-growing customer of the [[United States Postal Service]]'s [[Mail|first-class service]] to the largest source of Internet streaming traffic in North America in the evening. In November, it began offering a standalone streaming service separate from DVD rentals.<ref name="nyt20101125">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/business/25netflix.html?pagewanted=all | title=Netflix's Move Onto the Web Stirs Rivalries | work=The New York Times | date=November 25, 2010 | access-date=July 21, 2013 | author1=Arango, Tim | author2=Carr, David | pages=A1 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723064040/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/business/25netflix.html?pagewanted=all | archive-date=July 23, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> {{anchor|qwikster}}On September 18, 2011, Netflix announced its intentions to rebrand and restructure its DVD home media rental service as an independent subsidiary called Qwikster, separating DVD rental and streaming services.<ref name="QwiksterBlogPost">{{cite web |last=Hastings |first=Reed |url=http://blog.netflix.com/2011/09/explanation-and-some-reflections.html |title=The Official Netflix Blog : US & Canada: An Explanation and Some Reflections |publisher=Blog.netflix.com |date=September 18, 2011 |access-date=June 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614132217/http://blog.netflix.com/2011/09/explanation-and-some-reflections.html |archive-date=June 14, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Engadget-2011-09-19-Lawler">{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/09/19/netflix-spins-dvd-by-mail-service-off-into-qwikster-says-its/ |title=Netflix spins DVD-by-mail service off into Qwikster, says it's 'done' with price changes (video) |work=[[Engadget]] |date=September 19, 2011 |publisher=[[AOL]] |access-date=March 8, 2014 |first=Richard |last=Lawler |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308083616/http://www.engadget.com/2011/09/19/netflix-spins-dvd-by-mail-service-off-into-qwikster-says-its/ |archive-date=March 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Engadget-2011-09-19-Murph">{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/09/19/editorial-reed-hastings-netflix-spinoff-isnt-about-dvd-succes/ |title=Editorial: Reed Hastings' Netflix spinoff isn't about DVD success, it's about hedging the stream |work=[[Engadget]] |date=September 19, 2011 |publisher=[[AOL]] |access-date=March 8, 2014 |first=Darren |last=Murph |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308083906/http://www.engadget.com/2011/09/19/editorial-reed-hastings-netflix-spinoff-isnt-about-dvd-succes/ |archive-date=March 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Andy Rendich, a 12-year Netflix veteran, was to be CEO of Qwikster. Qwikster would carry video games whereas Netflix did not.<ref name=CNN>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/09/19/tech/web/netflix-qwikster/|title=Netflix renames DVD-by-mail service, adds video games|access-date=September 19, 2011|publisher=CNN|date=September 19, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919084932/http://www.cnn.com/2011/09/19/tech/web/netflix-qwikster/|archive-date=September 19, 2011}}</ref> However, in October 2011, Netflix announced that it would retain its DVD service under the name Netflix and would not, in fact, create Qwikster for that purpose.<ref name="Engadget-6172362">{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/10/netflix-backtracks-on-qwikster-will-keep-dvds-and-streaming-und/ |title=Netflix backtracks on Qwikster, will keep DVDs and streaming under the same URL |work=[[Engadget]] |date=October 10, 2011 |publisher=[[AOL]] |access-date=March 8, 2014 |first=Richard |last=Lawler |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308084347/http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/10/netflix-backtracks-on-qwikster-will-keep-dvds-and-streaming-und/ |archive-date=March 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2011, Netflix had over 23&nbsp;million subscribers in the United States and over 26&nbsp;million worldwide.<ref name="netflix2011april">{{cite web|url=https://seekingalpha.com/article/265310-netflix-q1-earnings-up-88-percent-adds-3-m-subscribers|title=Netflix Q1 Earnings Up 88%, Adds 3.M Subscribers|date=April 25, 2011|publisher=SeekingAlpha}}</ref> In July 2011, Netflix changed its prices, charging customers for its mail rental service and streaming service separately. This meant a price increase for customers who wanted to continue receiving both services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.techhive.com/article/236576/netflix_price_hike_backlash_wont_last.html|title=Netflix: Price Hike Backlash Won't Last|date=July 26, 2011}}</ref> On October 24, Netflix announced 800,000 unsubscribers in the United States during the third quarter of 2011, and more losses were expected in the fourth quarter of 2011. However Netflix's income jumped 63% for the third quarter of 2011.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-24/netflix-3q-subscriber-losses-worse-than-forecast.html Netflix Drops Most Since 2004] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109122622/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-24/netflix-3q-subscriber-losses-worse-than-forecast.html |date=January 9, 2015 }}. Retrieved October 25, 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/story/netflix-earnings-jump-shares-plunge-on-outlook-2011-10-24 Netflix earnings jump] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703180437/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/netflix-earnings-jump-shares-plunge-on-outlook-2011-10-24 |date=July 3, 2016 }}. Retrieved October 25, 2011</ref> Year-long, the total digital revenue for Netflix reached at least $1.5&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paidcontent.org/list/page/the-most-successful-digital-companies/P4/|title=The paidContent 50: The Most Successful Digital Media Companies in the U.S.|publisher=[[paidContent]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719173326/http://paidcontent.org/list/page/the-most-successful-digital-companies/P4/|archive-date=July 19, 2011|first=Joseph|last=Tartakoff|date=November 11, 2009}}</ref> On January 26, 2012, Netflix added 610,000 subscribers in the United States by the end of the fourth quarter of 2011, totaling 24.4&nbsp;million United States subscribers for this time period.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204661604577184860514828248 Netflix Shares Surge on Subscriber Growth] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724100052/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204661604577184860514828248.html |date=July 24, 2013 }}. Retrieved January 29, 2012</ref> On October 23, however, Netflix announced an 88% decline in profits for the third quarter of the year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/business/21565260-game-changer-game-over-looks-bleak|title=The woes of Netflix: Looks bleak|date=October 27, 2012|work=[[The Economist]]|access-date=July 2, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616085832/http://www.economist.com/news/business/21565260-game-changer-game-over-looks-bleak|archive-date=June 16, 2013}}</ref> [[File:Netflixenvelope.jpg|thumb|Opened Netflix rental envelope containing a DVD of ''[[Coach Carter]]''|left|322x322px]] In April 2012, Netflix filed with the [[Federal Election Commission]] (FEC) to form a [[political action committee]] (PAC) called FLIXPAC.<ref name="FLIXPAC">{{cite news|last=Levinthal|first=Dave|title=Netflix forms PAC|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0412/74929.html|newspaper=Politico|date=April 7, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316152635/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0412/74929.html|archive-date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> ''[[Politico]]'' referred to the PAC, based in [[Los Gatos, California]], as "another political tool with which to aggressively press a pro-intellectual property, anti-video-piracy agenda".<ref name="FLIXPAC" /> The hacktivist group [[Anonymous (group)|Anonymous]] called for a [[boycott]] of Netflix following the news.<ref>{{cite news|last=Franzen|first=Carl|title=Anonymous Launches 'Operation Boycott Netflix' Over PAC|url=http://livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com/entries/anonymous-launches-operation-boycott-netflix-over-pac|newspaper=Talking Points Memo|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614011552/http://livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com/entries/anonymous-launches-operation-boycott-netflix-over-pac|archive-date=June 14, 2012}}</ref> Netflix spokesperson Joris Evers indicated that the PAC was not set up to support the [[Stop Online Piracy Act]] (SOPA) and the [[PROTECT IP Act]] (PIPA), tweeting that the intent was to "engage on issues like [[network neutrality|net neutrality]], [[bandwidth cap]]s, [[Usage-based billing|UBB]] and [[Video Privacy Protection Act|VPPA]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Rashid|first=Fahmida Y.|title=Netflix Isn't Pro-CISPA, Facebook Is|url=http://securitywatch.pcmag.com/security/296445-netflix-isn-t-pro-cispa-facebook-is|newspaper=PC Magazine|date=April 10, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123205737/http://securitywatch.pcmag.com/security/296445-netflix-isn-t-pro-cispa-facebook-is|archive-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Thier|first=Dave|title=Netflix Has NOT Formed a Pro-Sopa Super-PAC|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidthier/2012/04/09/netflix-has-not-formed-a-pro-sopa-super-pac/|newspaper=Forbes|date=April 10, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102061012/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidthier/2012/04/09/netflix-has-not-formed-a-pro-sopa-super-pac/|archive-date=November 2, 2017}}</ref> In February 2013, Netflix announced it would be hosting its own awards ceremony, ''The Flixies''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Netflix launching its own awards, honoring outstanding achievements in Netflix|url=https://www.avclub.com/articles/netflix-launching-its-own-awards-honoring-outstand,93068/|access-date=February 27, 2013|newspaper=Newswire|date=February 27, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302020522/http://www.avclub.com/articles/netflix-launching-its-own-awards-honoring-outstand%2C93068/|archive-date=March 2, 2013}}</ref> On March 13, 2013, Netflix announced a Facebook implementation, letting United States subscribers access "Watched by your friends" and "Friends' Favorites" by agreeing.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hokenson|first=Christian|title=Netflix Adds Facebook Sharing Feature|url=http://hd-report.com/2013/03/13/netflix-adds-facebook-sharing-feature/|publisher=HD Report|date=March 13, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219225847/http://hd-report.com/2013/03/13/netflix-adds-facebook-sharing-feature/|archive-date=February 19, 2016}}</ref> This was not legal until the [[Video Privacy Protection Act|Video Privacy Protection Act of 1988]] was modified in early 2013.<ref>[https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2012/12/congress-tweaks-us-video-privacy-law-so-netflix-can-get-on-facebook/ Congress tweaks US video-privacy law so Netflix can get on Facebook] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408180014/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2012/12/congress-tweaks-us-video-privacy-law-so-netflix-can-get-on-facebook/ |date=April 8, 2016 }}, Ars Technica</ref> === Video on demand introduction, declining DVD sales, global expansion === {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 185 | image1 = NFOrg.png | caption1 = First logo, used from 1997 to 2000 | image2 = Netflix (2000).svg | caption2 = Second logo, used from 2000 to 2001 | image3 = Netflix logo.svg | caption3 = Netflix logo used from 2001 to 2014 | image4 = Netflix_2015_N_logo.svg | caption4 = Netflix N icon used since 2016 | height4 = 40px }} The company had, for some time, considered offering movies online, but it was only in the mid-2000s that data speeds and bandwidth costs had improved sufficiently to allow customers to download movies from the net. The original idea was a "Netflix box" that could download movies overnight, and be ready to watch the next day. By 2005, they had acquired movie rights and designed the box and service, and were ready to go public with it. But after discovering YouTube, and witnessing how popular streaming services were despite the lack of high-definition content, the concept of using a hardware device was scrapped and replaced with a streaming concept instead, a project that was completed in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recode.net/2017/9/13/16288364/streampunks-book-excerpt-youtube-netflix-pivot-video|title=The inside story of how Netflix transitioned to digital video after seeing the power of YouTube|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223044036/https://www.recode.net/2017/9/13/16288364/streampunks-book-excerpt-youtube-netflix-pivot-video|archive-date=December 23, 2017|access-date=December 18, 2017}}</ref> Netflix developed and maintains an extensive personalized video-recommendation system based on ratings and reviews by its customers. On October 1, 2006, Netflix offered a [[Netflix Prize|$1,000,000 prize]] to the first developer of a video-recommendation [[algorithm]] that could beat its existing algorithm Cinematch, at predicting customer ratings by more than 10%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netflixprize.com/|title=Netflix Prize Website|access-date=December 8, 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210022309/http://netflixprize.com/|archive-date=December 10, 2006}}</ref> In February 2007, the company delivered its billionth DVD,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Qqc_AAAAIBAJ&pg=2709,435491&dq=netflix+1+billionth+dvd&hl=en|title=The Victoria Advocate – Feb 26, 2007|page=B4}}</ref> and began to move away from its original core business model of DVDs, by introducing [[video on demand]] via the Internet. Netflix grew as DVD sales fell from 2006 to 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://techland.time.com/2011/05/04/dvd-sales-plunge-in-u-s-digital-sales-on-the-rise/|title=DVD Sales Plunge in U.S., Digital Sales on the Rise|work=Time|date=May 4, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220140920/http://techland.time.com/2011/05/04/dvd-sales-plunge-in-u-s-digital-sales-on-the-rise/|archive-date=February 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2007/01/8627/|title=Netflix offers streaming movies to subscribers|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902141413/https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2007/01/8627/|archive-date=September 2, 2017|date=January 16, 2007}}</ref> Another contributing factor for the company's online DVD rental success was that it could offer a much larger selection of movie titles to choose from than Blockbuster's rental outlets. But when it started to offer streaming content for free to its subscribers in 2007, it could offer no more than about 1000 movies and TV shows, just 1% compared to its more than 100,000 different DVD titles. Yet as the popularity kept growing, the number of titles available for streaming was increasing as well and had reached 12,000 movies and shows in June 2009. One of the key things about Netflix was that it had a recommendation system known as Cinematch, which not only got viewers to remain attached to the service, by creating a switching cost, but it also brought out those movies which were underrated so that customers could view those movies too from their recommendations. This was an attribute that not only benefited Netflix but also benefited its viewers and those studios which were minor compared to others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://profkenhoma.wordpress.com/2009/06/23/netflix-managing-a-still-hot-business-as-its-time-runs-out/|title=Netflix – Managing a still-hot business as its time runs out.|date=June 23, 2009}}</ref> In January 2013, Netflix reported that it had added two million United States customers during the fourth quarter of 2012, with a total of 27.1&nbsp;million United States streaming customers, and 29.4&nbsp;million total streaming customers. In addition, revenue was up 8% to $945&nbsp;million for the same period.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/23/netflix-4q-2012_n_2536643.html |title=Netflix 4Q 2012 Earnings Show 2 Million User Surge In Subscriber Base |date=January 23, 2013 |access-date=February 7, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308035422/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/23/netflix-4q-2012_n_2536643.html |archive-date=March 8, 2016 }} "Netflix 4Q 2012 Earnings Show 2 Million User Surge in million subscribers.</ref><ref name="Wired-2485033">{{cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/underwire/2013/03/netflix/ |title=Netflix Resurrected ''Arrested Development''. Next Up: Television Itself |last=Paskin |first=Willa |date=March 19, 2013 |work=[[Wired (website)|Wired]] |location=New York City |access-date=March 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308081033/http://www.wired.com/underwire/2013/03/netflix/ |archive-date=March 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> That number increased to 36.3&nbsp;million subscribers (29.2&nbsp;million in the United States) in April 2013.<ref name="news.yahoo.com">{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/numbers-netflix-subscribers-205626746.html |title=By The Numbers: Netflix subscribers |date=July 22, 2013 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]] |access-date=March 7, 2014 |agency=Associated Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308075418/https://news.yahoo.com/numbers-netflix-subscribers-205626746.html |archive-date=March 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of September 2013, for that year's third quarter report, Netflix reported its total of global streaming subscribers at 40.4&nbsp;million (31.2&nbsp;million in the United States).<ref name="NYT-8042332">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/22/business/media/netflix-hits-subscriber-milestone-as-shares-soar.html |title=Netflix Hits Milestone and Raises Its Sights |last=Stelter |first=Brian |date=October 21, 2013 |work=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=March 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025174349/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/22/business/media/netflix-hits-subscriber-milestone-as-shares-soar.html |archive-date=October 25, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> By the fourth quarter of 2013, Netflix reported 33.1&nbsp;million United States subscribers.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-01-22|title=Netflix Seen Reporting U.S. Web Users Reach 33.1 Million|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-01-22/netflix-seen-reporting-u-s-web-users-reach-33-1-million|access-date=2021-02-17}}</ref> By September 2014, Netflix had subscribers in over 40 countries, with intentions of [[International expansion of Netflix|expanding services in unreached countries]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/netflix_statistics-facts/#.VBBfkrHD-70|title=40 Amazing Netflix Statistics and Facts|work=DMR – Digital Marketing Ramblings|access-date=October 25, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018021316/http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/netflix_statistics-facts/#.VBBfkrHD-70|archive-date=October 18, 2014|date=May 8, 2014}}</ref> By October 2018, Netflix's customer base reached 137&nbsp;million worldwide, confirming its rank as by far the world's biggest online subscription video service.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-netflix-results/netflix-record-subscriber-growth-dispels-wall-street-worries-idUSKCN1MQ2R5|title=Netflix record subscriber growth dispels Wall Street worries|last=Richwine|first=Lisa|work=U.S.|access-date=October 17, 2018}}</ref> === Early Netflix Original content === Netflix has played a prominent role in [[independent film]] distribution. Through its division [[Red Envelope Entertainment]], Netflix licensed and distributed independent films such as ''[[Born into Brothels]]'' and ''[[Sherrybaby]]''. As of late 2006, [[Red Envelope Entertainment]] also expanded into producing original content with filmmakers such as [[John Waters]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marketplace.publicradio.org/shows/2006/12/08/AM200612081.html|title=Netflix expands indie film biz|last=Dornhelm|first=Rachel|access-date=December 11, 2006|date=December 8, 2006|publisher=[[American Public Media]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210040727/http://marketplace.publicradio.org/shows/2006/12/08/AM200612081.html|archive-date=December 10, 2006}}</ref> Netflix closed Red Envelope Entertainment in 2008, in part to avoid competition with its studio partners.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5iKwZUPaTeYqpyM5ombXf-AXxTVoAD923Q2G01 |title=Netflix shuts movie financing arm to focus on core |last=Jesdanun |first=Anick |access-date=August 11, 2008 |date=July 23, 2008 |agency=Associated Press |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726232337/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5iKwZUPaTeYqpyM5ombXf-AXxTVoAD923Q2G01 |archive-date=July 26, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://securethoughts.com/netflix-closing-the-red-envelope/| title=Netflix closing Red Envelope| last=Goldstein| first=Gregg| access-date=August 11, 2008| date=July 22, 2008| work=Secure Thoughts| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026212257/http://securethoughts.com/netflix-closing-the-red-envelope/| archive-date=October 26, 2014| df=mdy-all}}</ref> === Rebranding and wider international expansion === In April 2014, Netflix approached 50&nbsp;million global subscribers with a 32.3% video streaming market share in the United States. Netflix operated in 41 countries around the world.<ref name="Reuters-2694084">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-netflix-results-idUSBREA3K14N20140422 |title=Netflix price hikes seen boosting global expansion |work=[[Reuters]] |date=April 22, 2014 |location=London |access-date=April 22, 2014 |editor1-first=Saumyadeb |editor1-last=Chakrabarty |editor2-first=Sriraj |editor2-last=Kalluvila |others=Reporting by Soham Chatterjee; Photo Credit: Reuters/Mike Blake |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422223353/https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/22/us-netflix-results-idUSBREA3K14N20140422 |archive-date=April 22, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2014, Netflix unveiled a global rebranding: a new logo, which uses a modern typeface with the [[drop shadow]]ing removed, and a new website [[user interface|UI]]. The change was controversial; some liked the new minimalist design, whereas others felt more comfortable with the old interface.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kleinman|first=Alexis|title=Netflix Has A New Logo and a New Look|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/13/new-netflix-logo_n_5491965.html|access-date=June 16, 2014|newspaper=HuffPost|date=June 13, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615235913/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/13/new-netflix-logo_n_5491965.html|archive-date=June 15, 2014}}</ref> In July 2014, Netflix surpassed 50&nbsp;million global subscribers, with 36&nbsp;million of them being in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.engadget.com/2014/07/21/netflix-50-million/|title = Netflix crosses 50 million subscribers worldwide and takes aim at Comcast / TWC|last = Lawler|first = Richard|date = July 22, 2014|access-date = July 23, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140724073440/http://www.engadget.com/2014/07/21/netflix-50-million/|archive-date = July 24, 2014|df = mdy-all}}</ref> Following the launch of ''[[Daredevil (TV series)|Daredevil]]'' in April 2015, Netflix director of content operations Tracy Wright announced that Netflix had added support for [[audio description]] (a narration track that contains aural descriptions of key visual elements for the blind or visually impaired), and had begun to work with its partners to add descriptions to its other original series over time.<ref name=wp-blindsuperhero>{{cite web|title=Netflix makes a blind superhero accessible to blind audiences|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2015/04/14/netflix-makes-a-blind-superhero-accessible-to-blind-viewers/|website=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415205708/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2015/04/14/netflix-makes-a-blind-superhero-accessible-to-blind-viewers/|access-date=January 9, 2016|archive-date=April 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name=variety-descriptions>{{cite web|title=Netflix Adding Audio Description Tracks for Visually Impaired, Starting with 'Marvel's Daredevil'|url=https://variety.com/2015/digital/news/netflix-adding-audio-description-tracks-for-visually-impaired-starting-with-marvels-daredevil-1201472372/|website=Variety|access-date=January 9, 2016}}</ref> The following year, as part of a settlement with the [[American Council of the Blind]], Netflix agreed to provide descriptions for its original series within 30 days of their premiere, and add [[screen reader]] support and the ability to browse content by availability of descriptions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/digital/news/netflix-audio-descriptions-blind-settlement-1201753569/|title=Netflix to Expand Audio Descriptions for Blind Subscribers|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=April 14, 2016|website=Variety|access-date=April 26, 2019}}</ref> At the 2016 [[Consumer Electronics Show]], Netflix announced a major international expansion of its service into 150 additional countries. Netflix promoted that with this expansion, it would now operate in nearly all countries that the company may legally or logistically operate in. A notable exception was China, citing the barriers of operating Internet and media services in the country due to its regulatory climate. Reed Hastings stated that the company was planning to build relationships with local media companies that could serve as partners for distributing its content in the country (with a goal to concentrate primarily on its original content), but stated that they were in no hurry, and could thus take "many years".<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Roettgers|first1=Janko|title=Netflix's China Expansion could take 'many years,' CEO Reed Hastings Cautions|magazine=Variety|date=January 19, 2016|url=https://variety.com/2016/digital/news/netflix-china-expansion-1201683349/|access-date=January 20, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123025530/http://variety.com/2016/digital/news/netflix-china-expansion-1201683349/|archive-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref><ref name="thr-iquyideal"/><ref name=vb-130new>{{cite web|title=Netflix launches in 130 new countries, including India and Russia|url=https://venturebeat.com/2016/01/06/netflix-launches-in-130-new-countries/|website=VentureBeat|access-date=January 6, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106185643/http://venturebeat.com/2016/01/06/netflix-launches-in-130-new-countries/|archive-date=January 6, 2016|date=January 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name=engadget-nearlyevery>{{cite web|title=Netflix Everywhere: Live in nearly every country except China|url=https://www.engadget.com/2016/01/06/netflix-teams-with-lg-for-prepaid-streaming-worldwide/|website=Engadget|publisher=AOL|access-date=January 6, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106182116/http://www.engadget.com/2016/01/06/netflix-teams-with-lg-for-prepaid-streaming-worldwide/|archive-date=January 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name=verge-netflixeverywhere>{{cite news|title=Netflix announces it's now live in 130 new countries including India and Russia|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/1/6/10724112/netflix-global-expansion-russia-india|access-date=January 6, 2016|work=The Verge|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106183546/http://www.theverge.com/2016/1/6/10724112/netflix-global-expansion-russia-india|archive-date=January 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name=recode-netflixnearly>{{cite web|title=Netflix Expands into India, but Not China|url=http://recode.net/2016/01/06/netflix-expands-into-india-but-not-china/|website=Re/code|access-date=January 6, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107025648/http://recode.net/2016/01/06/netflix-expands-into-india-but-not-china/|archive-date=January 7, 2016|date=January 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name=cnet-nearlyevery>{{cite web|title=Netflix goes live in 130 new countries|url=https://www.cnet.com/au/news/netflix-goes-live-in-130-new-countries/|publisher=CNET|access-date=January 6, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108120724/http://www.cnet.com/au/news/netflix-goes-live-in-130-new-countries/|archive-date=January 8, 2016}}</ref> Also in January 2016, Netflix announced it would begin [[VPN blocking]] of [[virtual private network]]s (VPNs) since they can be used to watch videos from a country where they are unavailable.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/03/netflix-discontent-blocked-vpns-boiling/|title=For Netflix, Discontent Over Blocked VPNs Is Boiling|last=Greenberg|first=Julia|magazine=Wired|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215021921/https://www.wired.com/2016/03/netflix-discontent-blocked-vpns-boiling/|archive-date=February 15, 2017|date=March 7, 2016}}</ref> The result of the VPN block is that people can only watch videos available worldwide and other videos are hidden from search results, which can however be found on the Unofficial Netflix Online Global Search (uNoGS) website.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/1/25/10826654/netflix-unofficial-vpn-database-unogs|title=Unofficial Netflix catalog helps you find a movie not available in your area|first=Frank|last=Bi|date=January 25, 2016|website=The Verge}}</ref> At the same time, Netflix reported 74.8&nbsp;million subscribers and predicted it would add 6.1&nbsp;million more by March 2016. Subscription growth has been fueled by its global expansion.<ref>By Lisa Richwine, Reuters. "[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-netflix-results-idUSKCN0UX2NH Netflix global push grabs more than expected; shares jump] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817090357/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-netflix-results-idUSKCN0UX2NH |date=August 17, 2016 }}." January 20, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2016.</ref> By the end of the year, Netflix added a feature to allow customers to download and play select movies and shows while offline.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Han|first1=Angie|title=Netflix Offline Playback Is Finally Here|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/netflix-offline/|website=Slashfilm|access-date=January 28, 2017|date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> In February 2017, Netflix signed a [[music publisher (popular music)|music publishing]] deal with [[BMG Rights Management]], where BMG will oversee rights outside of the United States for music associated with Netflix original content. Netflix continues to handle these tasks in-house in the United States.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2017/digital/news/netflix-bmg-music-rights-1201976506|title=Netflix Inks BMG Deal to Manage Music Rights Outside U.S.|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=February 2, 2017|magazine=Variety|access-date=August 7, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807194257/http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/netflix-bmg-music-rights-1201976506/|archive-date=August 7, 2017}}</ref> On April 17, 2017, Netflix neared 100&nbsp;million subscribers.<ref name=nyt-subscribers>{{cite news |last=Bond |first=Shannon |date=April 17, 2017 |title=Netflix nears 100m subscriber milestone |url=https://www.ft.com/content/67d175c2-23b9-11e7-a34a-538b4cb30025 |work=[[Financial Times]] |access-date=April 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505114343/https://www.ft.com/content/67d175c2-23b9-11e7-a34a-538b4cb30025 |archive-date=May 5, 2017 }}</ref> On April 25, 2017, Netflix announced that it had reached a licensing deal in China with the [[Baidu]]-owned streaming service [[iQiyi]], to allow selected Netflix original content to be distributed in China on the platform.<ref name="thr-iquyideal">{{cite web|title=Netflix Signs Licensing Deal With China's iQiyi|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/netflix-signs-licensing-deal-chinas-iqiyi-997071|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=April 26, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426002956/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/netflix-signs-licensing-deal-chinas-iqiyi-997071|archive-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> The ''Los Angeles Times'' stated: "Its series and movies account for more than a third of all prime-time download Internet traffic in North America."<ref> {{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-netflix-debt-spending-20170729-story,amp.html |title=Netflix is on the hook for $20&nbsp;billion. Can it keep spending its way to success? |access-date=December 5, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023223520/http://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-netflix-debt-spending-20170729-story,amp.html |archive-date=October 23, 2017 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=July 29, 2017 |last1=Ng |first1=David }} </ref> On January 22, 2018, the company crossed $100&nbsp;billion in market capitalization, becoming the largest digital media and entertainment company in the world, bigger than every traditional media company except for [[AT&T]], [[Comcast]] and [[Disney]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recode.net/2018/1/18/16906042/cbs-viacom-merger-media-market-landscape-streaming |title=Here's the chart that explains why CBS and Viacom want to merge |access-date=January 23, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124070941/https://www.recode.net/2018/1/18/16906042/cbs-viacom-merger-media-market-landscape-streaming |archive-date=January 24, 2018 |date=January 18, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/22/netflix-earnings-q4-2017.html |title=Netflix earnings Q4 2017 |access-date=January 23, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123000627/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/22/netflix-earnings-q4-2017.html |archive-date=January 23, 2018 |date=January 22, 2018 }}</ref> and the 59th largest publicly traded company in the US S&P 500 Index.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/01/23/investing/netflix-100-billion-market-value/index.html |title=Netflix joins the exclusive $100&nbsp;billion club |access-date=January 24, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124015114/http://money.cnn.com/2018/01/23/investing/netflix-100-billion-market-value/index.html |archive-date=January 24, 2018 |date=January 23, 2018 }}</ref> On March 2, 2018, Netflix stock price surged to a new all-time high of $301.05 beating its 12-month price target of $300.00, and finishing the session with a market capitalization of $130&nbsp;billion putting it within shouting distance of traditional media giants like Disney ($155&nbsp;billion) and Comcast ($169&nbsp;billion). The milestone came a day after British satcaster Sky announced a new agreement with Netflix to integrate Netflix's subscription VOD offering into its pay-TV service. Customers with its high-end Sky Q set-top box and service will be able to see Netflix titles alongside their regular Sky channels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/netflix-stock-all-time-high-market-valuation-1202716101/|title=Netflix Stock Pops to New All-Time High, Company Now Worth More Than $130 Billion|first=Todd|last=Spangler|date=March 2, 2018|work=Varuety}}</ref> In July 2018, it was announced that Netflix had inked a deal with top Hollywood awards strategist Lisa Taback to acquire her independent LT-LA consulting firm and move her in-house at the streaming giant. The deal gives her the title VP Talent Relations, and she will lead the company's talent relations and awards teams. It also means she will provide her services exclusively to Netflix.<ref name="Deadline Hollywood"/> According to Global Internet Phenomena Report Netflix consumes 15% of all Internet bandwidth globally, the most by any single application.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2018/10/02/netflix-consumes-15-percent-of-global-internet-bandwidth/|title=Netflix Consumes 15% of the World's Internet Bandwidth|website=Fortune|access-date=December 15, 2018}}</ref> Netflix sought and was approved for membership into the [[Motion Picture Association of America]] (MPAA) on January 22, 2019, as the first streaming service to become a member of the association.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/netflix-advanced-talks-join-mpaa-1177926 | title = Netflix Becomes First Streamer to Join the Motion Picture Association of America | first = Pamela | last = McClintock | date = January 22, 2019 | access-date = January 22, 2019 | work = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] }}</ref> In April 2019, it was announced that Netflix was seeking to purchase [[Grauman's Egyptian Theatre]] from the [[American Cinematheque]] to use as a special events venue,<ref name=deadline>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/04/egyptian-theater-hollywood-netflix-buying-cinematheque-1202591851/|title=Netflix In Talks To Acquire Hollywood's Historic Egyptian Theatre From American Cinematheque|last1=Fleming|first1=Mike Jr.|date=2019-04-09|website=Deadline|access-date=2019-08-15}}</ref> Later on May 29, 2020, it was announced that Netflix will acquire the theater and invests in some renovations of it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/05/netflix-closes-deal-american-cinematheque-egyptian-theatre-1202946525/|title= Netflix closes deal of egyptian theater;joining forces with American Cinematheque|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|work=Deadline|date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> During the worldwide [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020 when [[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema|many cinemas around the world were closed]], Netflix acquired 16 million new subscribers, which almost doubles the result of the final months of 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-04-22|title=Netflix adds 16 million sign-ups in lockdown boost|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52376022|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> On July 30, 2020, it was revealed that Netflix has invested in ''[[Black Mirror]]'' creators [[Charlie Brooker]] and [[Annabel Jones]]’ new production outfit Broke And Bones in a first-of-its-kind deal for the streamer in the UK, which could ultimately see it take full control of the company for around $100M.<ref name="Deadline202007" /> Most recently, Netflix announced a restructuring in entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Netflix Restructures as Bela Bajaria Streamlines Comedy, Drama and Overall Deal Leadership {{!}} Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/netflix-restructures-as-bela-bajaria-streamlines-comedy-drama-and-overall-deal-leadership|access-date=2020-10-28|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=October 27, 2020}}</ref> In September 2020, Hastings released a book on Netflix titled ''No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention'', which was co-authored by [[Erin Meyer]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Spangler |first1=Todd |date=2020-09-07 |title=Reed Hastings' Book on Netflix's 'No Rules Rules': Five Key Takeaways |url=https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/netflix-reed-hastings-book-five-takeaways-no-rules-rules-1234752550/ |access-date=2021-01-07 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> By October 2020, Netflix had over 195&nbsp;million paid subscriptions worldwide, including 73&nbsp;million in the United States.<ref name="Investor letter 2020 Q2">{{cite web|title=Investor letter 2020 Q3|url=https://s22.q4cdn.com/959853165/files/doc_financials/2020/q3/FINAL-Q3-20-Shareholder-Letter.pdf|access-date=November 14, 2020|website=Netflix IR}}</ref> More recently, Netflix and Sony inked a first look deal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lindahl|first=Chris|date=2021-04-08|title=Netflix Will Become the Post-Theatrical Streaming Home for Sony Pictures|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2021/04/netflix-sony-deal-spider-man-1234628923/|access-date=2021-04-09|website=IndieWire|language=en}}</ref> In January 2021, Netflix's subscribers hit 200 millions based on its Q4 2020 earnings report.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} == Corporate affairs == === Headquarters and production hubs === [[File:Netflix headquarters.jpg|thumb|right|Netflix [[Silicon Valley]] headquarters, located in [[Los Gatos, California]].]] [[File:Netflix Los Angeles office.jpg|thumb|Netflix Los Angeles offices are located at 5808 W Sunset Blvd.]] Netflix is headquartered in [[Silicon Valley]], in the town of [[Los Gatos, California]].<ref>{{cite news |last1= Donato-Weinstein |first1= Nathan |title= Netflix officially signs on to new Los Gatos campus |url= https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/blog/2012/12/netflix-officially-signs-on-to-new-los.html |access-date= April 2, 2019 |work= Silicon Valley Business Journal |publisher= American City Business Journals |date= December 11, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1= Donato-Weinstein |first1= Nathan |title= Netflix seals big Los Gatos expansion |url= https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2015/09/04/netflix-seals-big-los-gatos-expansion.html |access-date= April 2, 2019 |work= Silicon Valley Business Journal |publisher= American City Business Journals |date= September 4, 2015}}</ref> It has international offices in Asia, Europe and Latin America. In October 2018, Netflix acquired [[Albuquerque Studios|ABQ Studios]], a film and TV production facility with eight sound stages in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The reported purchase price is under $30&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/netflix-albuquerque-studios-deal-terms-30-million-1202981274/|title=Netflix Is Paying Less Than $30 Million for Albuquerque Studios, Which Cost $91 Million to Build|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=October 16, 2018|work=Variety|access-date=November 3, 2018}}</ref> In July 2019, Netflix announced that it would be opening a hub at [[Shepperton Studios]] as part of a deal with [[Pinewood Group]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/jul/03/netflix-strikes-production-deal-with-shepperton-studios|title=Netflix strikes production deal with Shepperton Studios|last=Sweney|first=Mark|date=2019-07-03|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-07-03|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In April 2021, Netflix announced that it was opening its first Canadian headquarters in [[Toronto]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Netflix has officially chosen Toronto for its new Canadian headquarters|url=https://www.blogto.com/film/2021/04/netflix-has-chosen-toronto-new-canadian-headquarters/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=www.blogto.com|language=en}}</ref> The company also announced that it would open an office in [[Sweden]] as well as [[Rome]] and [[Istanbul]] to increase its original content in those regions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/digital/global/netflix-nordic-office-sweden-1234962502/|title=Netflix Launches Nordic Office in Sweden|first1=Elsa|last1=Keslassy|date=April 29, 2021}}</ref> In June 2021, Netflix announced their first wholly-owned, full-service, post-production facility in [[Mumbai]], [[India]], the facility will be fully operational by June 2022 and have 40 offline editing suites.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/news/netflix-post-production-mumbai-1234986353/|title=Netflix to Open Wholly-Owned Post-Production Facility in Mumbai (EXCLUSIVE)|first1=Naman|last1=Ramachandran|date=June 3, 2021}}</ref> The company has production hubs in [[Los Angeles]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/los-angeles-production-shutdown-covid-19-surge-netflix-is-latest-major-pauses-filmng-true-story-family-reunioni-1234664678/|title=Los Angeles Production Grinds To A Halt Amid Covid-19 Surge; Netflix Is Latest Major Studio To Pause Filming|first1=Nellie|last1=Andreeva|date=January 5, 2021}}</ref> [[Albuquerque]]<ref name="Bishop 2018">{{cite web | last=Bishop | first=Bryan | title=Amazon prime buys up New Mexico studio facility for massive new production hub | website=The Verge | date=October 8, 2018 | url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/8/17952934/netflix-acquires-abq-studios-production-hub | access-date=January 10, 2020}}</ref> [[London]]<ref name="Variety 2019">{{cite web | title=Netflix Creates U.K. Film and TV Production Hub at Shepperton Studios | website=Variety | date=July 3, 2019 | url=https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/netflix-uk-production-hub-shepperton-studios-pinewood-charlize-theron-the-old-guard-1203258890/ | access-date=January 10, 2020}}</ref> [[Madrid]], [[Vancouver]] and [[Toronto]].<ref name="Hollywood Reporter ES 2019">{{cite web | title=Netflix Unveils New Projects, Plans for Growth in Spain at Production Hub Inauguration | website=Hollywood Reporter | date=April 4, 2019 | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/amp/news/netflix-unveils-new-projects-plans-growth-spain-at-production-hub-inauguration-1199481 | access-date=January 10, 2020}}</ref> === Financials === In 2010, Netflix's stock price increased 219% to $175.70 and it added eight million subscribers, bringing its total to 20&nbsp;million. Revenue jumped 29% to $2.16&nbsp;billion and net income was up 39% to $161&nbsp;million.<ref>Ben Fritz, ''Los Angeles Times''. "[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/04/netflix-chief-executive-reed-hastings-compensation-doubled-to-55-million.html?cid=6a00d8341c630a53ef01538e040b70970b Netflix Chief Executive Reed Hastings' compensation doubled to $5.5 million] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203101712/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/04/netflix-chief-executive-reed-hastings-compensation-doubled-to-55-million.html?cid=6a00d8341c630a53ef01538e040b70970b |date=December 3, 2011 }}." April 20, 2011. Retrieved April 22, 2011.</ref> In July 2011, Netflix shares were trading for $299. Following the customer dissatisfaction and resulting loss of subscribers after the announcements by CEO Hastings that streaming and DVD rental would be charged separately, leading to a higher price for customers who wanted both (on September 1), and that the DVD rental would be split off as the subsidiary Qwikster (on September 18), the share price fell steeply, to around $130.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21530169|title=Netflix messes up|work=The Economist|date=September 24, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926010908/http://www.economist.com/node/21530169|archive-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Alternatives for angry Netflix customers: Ticked over the company's price increase? Here's what some of the other video services have to offer|publisher=MSN|author=Mucken, Lynn|date=July 13, 2011<!-- 3:41PM-->|url=http://money.msn.com/saving-money-tips/post.aspx?post=de772d0d-f34c-4213-a471-6d1a3551787f|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427215953/http://money.msn.com/saving-money-tips/post.aspx?post=de772d0d-f34c-4213-a471-6d1a3551787f|archive-date=April 27, 2012}}</ref> However, on October 10, 2011, plans to split the company were scrapped. The reason being that "two websites would make things more difficult", he stated on the Netflix blog. On November 22, Netflix's share tumbled, as share prices fell by as much as 7%.<ref>{{cite news|title=Netflix shares hit by bleak 2012 outlook|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/netflix-shares-hit-by-bleak-2012-outlook/article2244661/|agency=Reuters|access-date=November 24, 2011|location=Toronto|date=November 22, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124224535/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/netflix-shares-hit-by-bleak-2012-outlook/article2244661/|archive-date=November 24, 2011}}</ref> By December 2011, as a consequence of its decision to raise prices, Netflix had lost over 75% of its total value from the summer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/finance?client=ob&q=NASDAQ:NFLX |title=Netflix, Inc.: NASDAQ:NFLX quotes & news – Google Finance |access-date=June 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620210315/http://www.google.com/finance?client=ob&q=NASDAQ:NFLX |archive-date=June 20, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.investorplace.com/2011/10/netflix-stock-nflx-qwikster-subscribers/ |title=Netflix Stock May Never Recover from Qwikster Calamity |publisher=InvestorPlace |date=October 25, 2011 |access-date=June 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511080913/http://www.investorplace.com/2011/10/netflix-stock-nflx-qwikster-subscribers/ |archive-date=May 11, 2012 }}</ref> In May 2014, Netflix increased the fee for UK subscribers by £1.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/2014/may/09/netflix-fee-increase-uk-subscribers|title=Netflix announces immediate fee increase for new UK subscribers|first=Patrick|last=Collinson|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=October 25, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020030804/http://www.theguardian.com/money/2014/may/09/netflix-fee-increase-uk-subscribers|archive-date=October 20, 2014|date=May 9, 2014}}</ref> The price increase took effect immediately for new subscribers, but would be delayed for two years for existing members. Netflix applied similar increases in the United States (an increase of $1) and the Eurozone (an increase of €1). In April 2016, Netflix announced it would be ending a loyalty rate in certain countries for subscribers who were continuously subscribed before price rises.<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Welch |website=The Verge |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/4/11/11410590/netflix-price-increase-hits-longtime-customers-may |title=Netflix's longtime customers will start paying $9.99 per month by May |date=April 11, 2016 |access-date=April 19, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419095433/http://www.theverge.com/2016/4/11/11410590/netflix-price-increase-hits-longtime-customers-may |archive-date=April 19, 2016 }}</ref> Netflix spent about $5&nbsp;billion on original content in 2016;<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Grothaus |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3057425/fast-feed/netflix-has-started-an-arms-race-for-original-content |title=Netflix Has Started An 'Arms Race' For Original Content |work=Fast Company |date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=August 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831053518/http://www.fastcompany.com/3057425/fast-feed/netflix-has-started-an-arms-race-for-original-content |archive-date=August 31, 2016 }}</ref> this compares to a 2015 revenue of US$6.77&nbsp;billion (2015).<ref name=FY>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/finance?q=NASDAQ%3ANFLX&fstype=ii&ei=zRXAVpiSIdGvugSwu6joAQ|title=2015 annual results|publisher=Netflix, Inc.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020024721/http://www.google.com/finance?q=NASDAQ:NFLX&fstype=ii&ei=zRXAVpiSIdGvugSwu6joAQ|archive-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref> For the fiscal year 2018, Netflix reported earnings of {{US$}}1.21&nbsp;billion, with an annual revenue of {{US$}}15.8&nbsp;billion, an increase of approximately 116% over the previous fiscal cycle. Netflix's shares traded at over $400 per share at its highest price in 2018, and its market capitalization reached a value of over {{US$}}180&nbsp;billion in June 2018. Netflix ranked 261 on the 2018 ''[[Fortune 500]]'' list of the largest United States companies by revenue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/netflix/|title=Netflix|website=Fortune|access-date=November 25, 2018}}</ref> Netflix was the top-performing [[S&P 500]] [[stock]] of the 2010s, with a total return of 3,693%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/the-10-best-stocks-of-the-past-decade-51576628081|title=10 Stocks That Had Better Decades Than Amazon and Google|last=Hough|first=Jack|website=www.barrons.com|language=en-US|access-date=December 19, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fitzgerald|first=Maggie|date=2019-12-13|title=Here are the best-performing stocks of the decade|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/13/the-best-performing-stocks-of-the-decade-it-all-starts-with-netflix.html|access-date=2021-02-13|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> In 2018, the company had $6.5&nbsp;billion in long-term debt.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-23/netflix-seeks-to-woo-debt-buyers-with-100-billion-stock-cushion|title=As Netflix Trumpets Stock Value, Debt Investors Want Cash Flow|last=Smith|first=Molly|date=January 23, 2018|website=Bloomberg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123223532/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-23/netflix-seeks-to-woo-debt-buyers-with-100-billion-stock-cushion|archive-date=January 23, 2018|access-date=January 24, 2018}}</ref> In 2019, Netflix reported revenues of $20.1bn and a net income of $1.9bn. The company had total assets of $34.0bn, primarily content assets ($24.5bn). Netflix is now{{when|date=September 2020}} considered the largest buyer of video content globally.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} In 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] Netflix reported "revenue for the quarter ending March 31, 2020 was $5.768B, a 27.58% increase year-over-year."<ref name="MacroTrends 2020">{{cite web | title=Netflix Revenue 2006-2020 - NFLX | website=MacroTrends | date=31 March 2020 | url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/NFLX/netflix/revenue | access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> In November, Netflix pledges 1 billion dollars towards making its [[Albuquerque Studios|ABQ studios]] the biggest in the world.<ref name="TechCrunch 2020">{{cite web | title=Netflix commits $1 billion to make New Mexico home to one of the world's largest studios | website=TechCrunch | date=23 November 2020 | url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/11/23/netflix-commits-1-billion-to-make-new-mexico-home-to-one-of-the-worlds-largest-studios/ | access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref> Netflix ended 2020 with slightly more than 203 million subscribers.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gruenwedel|first1=Erik|title=Is Netflix's Pandemic Boom Over? Analysts, and Even the Streamer Itself, Thinks So|url=https://mediaplaynews.com/is-netflixs-pandemic-boom-is-over-streamer-thinks-so/|accessdate=April 19, 2021|work=[[Media Play News]]|date=April 19, 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align:right;" |- !Year !Revenue<br />in mil. USD-$ !Net income<br />in mil. USD-$ !Price per Share<br />in USD-$ !Employees !Paid memberships<br />in mil. !Fortune 500<br /> rank |- |2005 |682 |42 |2.59 | |2.5 | |- |2006 |997 |49 |3.69 | |4.0 | |- |2007 |1,205 |67 |3.12 | |7.3 | |- |2008 |1,365 |83 |4.09 | |9.4 | |- |2009 |1,670 |116 |6.32 | |11.9 | |- |2010 |2,163 |161 |16.82 |2,180 |18.3 | |- |2011 |3,205 |226 |27.49 |2,348 |21.6 | |- |2012 |3,609 |17 |11.86 |2,045 |30.4 | |- |2013 |4,375 |112 |35.27 |2,022 |41.4 | |- |2014 |5,505 |267 |57.49 |2,450 |54.5 | |- |2015 |6,780 |123 |91.90 |3,700 |70.8 |#474 |- |2016 |8,831 |187 |102.03 |4,700 |89.1 |#379 |- |2017 |11,693 |559 |165.37 |5,500 |117.5 |#314 |- |2018 |15,794 |1,211 | |7,100 |139.3 |#261 |- |2019 |20,156 |1,867 | |8,600 |167.1 |#197 |- |2020 |24,996 |2,761 | |9,400 |203.7 |#164 |} === Marketing === [[File:Netflix booth (36079051696).jpg|right|thumb|Netflix's booth at the 2017 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]] During Q1 2011, sales and rentals of DVDs and Blu-rays plunged about 35%, and the sell-through of packaged discs fell 19.99% to $2.07&nbsp;billion, with more money spent on subscription than in-store rentals. This decrease was attributed to the rising popularity of Netflix and other streaming services.<ref>Mark Hachman, PCmag.com. "[https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2384912,00.asp Netflix, Video Kiosks Replacing the Local Video Store] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702151347/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0%2C2817%2C2384912%2C00.asp |date=July 2, 2016 }}." May 4, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2011.</ref> In July 2012, Netflix hired Kelly Bennett – former Warner Bros. Vice President of Interactive, Worldwide Marketing – to become its new chief marketing officer. This also filled a vacancy at Netflix that had been empty for over six months when previous CMO Leslie Kilgore left in January 2012.<ref>Lawler, Ryan. July 24, 2012. "Netflix Adds Warner Bros. Exec As Its New chief marketing officer." {{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/23/netflix-adds-warner-bros-exec-as-its-new-chief-marketing-officer/ |title=Netflix Adds Warner Bros. Exec as its New Chief Marketing Officer |access-date=July 24, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507072004/http://techcrunch.com/2012/07/23/netflix-adds-warner-bros-exec-as-its-new-chief-marketing-officer/ |archive-date=May 7, 2016 }}</ref> Bozoma Saint John was named CMO in June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/06/netflix-bozoma-saint-john-chief-marketing-officer-exits-endeavor-jackie-lee-joe-1202974055/|title=Bozoma Saint John Named Netflix Chief Marketing Officer; Leaves Endeavor|work=Deadline|date=30 June 2020|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.}}</ref> Netflix's website had 117.6&nbsp;million subscribers as of 2018, with 8.3&nbsp;million being added in the fourth quarter of 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recode.net/2018/1/22/16920150/netflix-q4-2017-earnings-subscribers|title=Netflix now has nearly 118 million streaming subscribers globally|last1=Molla|first1=Rani|website=Recode|access-date=March 7, 2018|date=January 22, 2018}}</ref> Netflix has a Twitter feed, used to tweet about the new and upcoming shows that include [[hashtag]]s to encourage engagement of its audience to not only watch the show but to contribute to the hashtag themselves.<ref>{{cite web|title=Streaming social: What marketers can learn from Netflix's social strategy|url=https://marketingland.com/streaming-social-marketers-can-learn-netflixs-social-strategy-171659|website=Marketing Land|access-date=March 7, 2018|date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> In June 2021, Netflix announced it was launching an online store for curated products tied to the Netflix brand and shows such as ''Stranger Things'' and ''The Witcher''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/netflix-shop-branded-merchandise-lupin-bridgerton-stranger-things-1234773042/|title=Netflix Launches Branded Merchandise Site, Exploring New Revenue Frontier|first1=Dade|last1=Hayes|date=June 10, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/10/business/media/netflix-shop.html|title=Netflix: The Store!|work=The New York Times|date=10 June 2021|last1=Koblin|first1=John|last2=Maheshwari|first2=Sapna}}</ref> === Corporate culture === Netflix grants all employees extremely broad discretion with respect to business decisions, expenses, and vacation—but in return expects consistently high performance, as enforced by what is known as the "keeper test."<ref name="Allyn">{{cite news |last1=Allyn |first1=Bobby |title=Netflix CEO Embraces 'No Rules,' But Work Is Anything But Chill |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/09/15/912917612/netflix-ceo-embraces-no-rules-but-work-is-anything-but-chill |access-date=16 September 2020 |work=NPR |publisher=National Public Radio, Inc. |date=September 15, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Chmielewski">{{cite news |last1=Chmielewski |first1=Dawn |title=How Netflix's Reed Hastings Rewrote The Hollywood Script |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dawnchmielewski/2020/09/07/how-netflixs-reed-hastings-rewrote-the-hollywood-script/ |access-date=October 5, 2020 |work=Forbes |date=September 7, 2020 |pages=76–82}} This article was written by ''Forbes'' staff and was the ''Forbes'' magazine cover story for the month of publication.</ref> All supervisors are expected to constantly ask themselves if they would fight to keep an employee. If the answer is no, then it is time to let that employee go.<ref name="Economist">{{cite news |title=Can Reed Hastings preserve Netflix's culture of innovation as it grows? |newspaper=The Economist |date=12 September 2020 |volume=436 |issue=9211 |pages=52–53 |url=https://www.economist.com/business/2020/09/12/can-reed-hastings-preserve-netflixs-culture-of-innovation-as-it-grows |access-date=16 September 2020}}</ref> A [[presentation slide|slide]] from an internal presentation on Netflix's corporate culture summed up the test as: "Adequate performance gets a generous [[severance package]]."<ref name="Chmielewski" /> Such packages reportedly range from four months' salary in the United States to as much as six months in the Netherlands.<ref name="Economist" /> About the culture that results from applying such a demanding test, Hastings has said that "You gotta earn your job every year at Netflix,"<ref name="Jarvey">{{cite news |last1=Jarvey |first1=Natalie |title=Reed Hastings Says Netflix Won't Buy a Theater Chain, But Thinks Moviegoing Will Return |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/reed-hastings-says-netflix-wont-buy-a-theater-chain-but-thinks-moviegoing-will-return |access-date=16 September 2020 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 10, 2020}}</ref> and, "There's no question it's a tough place...There's no question it's not for everyone."<ref name="Buddenhagen">{{cite news |last1=Buddenhagen |first1=Richard |title=How Netflix reinvented entertainment — and corporate culture |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-netflix-reinvented-entertainment-and-corporate-culture/ |access-date=September 16, 2020 |work=CBS News |publisher=CBS Interactive Inc. |date=September 6, 2020}}</ref> Hastings has drawn an analogy to [[Athletics (physical culture)|athletics]]: professional athletes lack long-term [[job security]] because an injury could end their career in any particular game, but they learn to put aside their fear of that constant risk and focus on working with great colleagues in the current moment.<ref name="Spangler">{{cite news |last1=Spangler |first1=Todd |title=Reed Hastings on New Book, Netflix's Future and One of His Toughest 'Keeper Tests' |url=https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/reed-hastings-book-netflix-cfo-fired-1234755643/ |access-date=16 September 2020 |work=Variety |date=September 7, 2020}}</ref> ===Environmental impact=== In March 2021, Netflix announced that it would work to reach [[net zero]] greenhouse gas emissions by the end of 2022, while investing in programs to preserve or restore [[ecosystems]]. The company stated that it would cut emissions from its operations and electricity use by 45 percent by 2030. Due to the [[Covid-19 pandemic]] and lack of content production, Netflix had a 14 percent drop in emissions in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/netflix-net-zero-emissions-2022-b1824262.html|title=Netflix promises to wipe carbon footprint in under two years|date=March 31, 2021|website=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ourdailyplanet.com/story/netflix-pledges-net-zero-emissions-by-2023/|title=Netflix Pledges Net-Zero Emissions by 2023|date=April 1, 2021|website=Our Daily Planet}}</ref> == Services == Netflix's [[video on demand]] streaming service, formerly branded as ''Watch Now'', allows subscribers to stream television series and films via the Netflix website on personal computers, or the Netflix software on a variety of supported platforms, including [[smartphone]]s and [[tablet computer|tablets]], [[digital media player]]s, [[video game console]]s and [[smart TV]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-9940529-1.html |title= Netflix Watch Now: Missing too much popular content |author= Falcone, John P. |date= May 9, 2008 |publisher= CNET |access-date= July 19, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110617044601/http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-9940529-1.html |archive-date= June 17, 2011 |df= mdy-all }}</ref> According to a [[Nielsen Holdings|Nielsen]] survey in July 2011, 42% of Netflix users used a standalone computer, 25% used the [[Wii]], 14% by connecting computers to a television, 13% with a [[PlayStation 3]] and 12% an [[Xbox 360]].<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/online_mobile/what-netflix-and-hulu-users-are-watching-and-how/|title= What Netflix and Hulu Users are Watching ... and How|work= NielsenWire|date= July 27, 2011|access-date= July 27, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110729024009/http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/online_mobile/what-netflix-and-hulu-users-are-watching-and-how/|archive-date= July 29, 2011|df= mdy-all}}</ref> When the streaming service was first launched, Netflix's disc rental subscribers were given access at no additional charge. Subscribers were allowed approximately one hour of streaming per dollar spent on the monthly subscription (a $16.99 plan, for example, entitled the subscriber to 17 hours of streaming media). In January 2008, however, Netflix lifted this restriction, at which point virtually all rental-disc subscribers became entitled to unlimited streaming at no additional cost (however, subscribers on the restricted plan of two DVDs per month ($4.99) remained limited to two hours of streaming per month). This change came in a response to the introduction of [[Hulu]] and to [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s new video-rental services.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2008/01/13/financial/f090113S93.DTL |title=Netflix Expands Internet Viewing Option |work=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=January 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115195018/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fn%2Fa%2F2008%2F01%2F13%2Ffinancial%2Ff090113S93.DTL |archive-date=January 15, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Netflix later split DVD rental subscriptions and streaming subscriptions into separate, standalone services, at which point the monthly caps on Internet streaming were lifted.<ref>{{cite web|title = Netflix to lift limits on streaming movies|url = http://www.dailynews.com/20080114/netflix-to-lift-limits-on-streaming-movies|publisher = dailynews.com|access-date = January 20, 2016|date = January 14, 2008}}</ref> Netflix service plans are currently divided into three price tiers; the lowest offers [[standard definition]] streaming on a single device (and up to 480p quality),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eurovamarketing.com/post/is-netflix-basic-bad-quality|title=Is Netflix basic Bad Quality?|access-date=March 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/signup/planform|title=Choose a Netflix's Plan|access-date=March 13, 2021}}</ref> the second allows [[high definition television|high definition]] streaming on two devices simultaneously (and up to 1080p quality), and the "Platinum" tier allows simultaneous streaming on up to four devices (and up to 4K quality on supported devices and internet connections). The HD subscription plan historically cost US$7.99; in April 2014, Netflix announced that it would raise the price of this plan to $9.99 for new subscribers, but that existing customers would be grandfathered under this older price until May 2016, after which they could downgrade to the SD-only tier at the same price, or pay the higher fee for continued high definition access.<ref name="cbc-nflxprices">{{cite news|title=Netflix to phase out $7.99 HD plan for long-term members starting in May|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/netflix-price-hike-1.3527171|publisher=CBC News|access-date=December 1, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202034914/http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/netflix-price-hike-1.3527171|archive-date=December 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name="cbc-newtiers">{{cite news|title=Netflix hikes monthly subscription price by $1 for new customers|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/netflix-hikes-monthly-subscription-price-by-1-for-new-customers-1.3262962|publisher=CBC News|access-date=December 1, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202034417/http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/netflix-hikes-monthly-subscription-price-by-1-for-new-customers-1.3262962|archive-date=December 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name="verge-4kprice">{{cite web|title=Netflix hikes subscription price for 4K TV owners|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/10/12/6965087/netflix-subscription-price-increase-for-4k-streaming|website=The Verge|access-date=December 1, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201143546/http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/12/6965087/netflix-subscription-price-increase-for-4k-streaming|archive-date=December 1, 2016|date=October 12, 2014}}</ref> In July 2016, a Netflix subscriber sued the company over the price increases, alleging he was told by a Netflix customer support representative in 2011 that they would pay the same price in perpetuity as long as they maintained their subscription continuously.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2016/digital/news/netflix-user-lawsuit-class-action-rate-hike-1201807561/|title=Netflix User Sues Over Rate Hike, Claiming Breach of Contract|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=July 1, 2016|work=Variety|access-date=June 4, 2017}}</ref> On November 30, 2016, Netflix launched an offline playback feature, allowing users of the Netflix mobile apps on Android or iOS to cache content on their devices in standard or high quality for viewing without an Internet connection. The feature was initially available on selected series and films but Netflix stated that more content would be supported by the feature over time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/11/30/netflix-is-finally-letting-you-download-videos-for-offline-viewing/|title=Netflix is finally letting you download videos for offline viewing|last=Fung|first=Brain|website=The Washington Post|access-date=November 30, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201015959/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/11/30/netflix-is-finally-letting-you-download-videos-for-offline-viewing/|archive-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/bluesky/technology/ct-netflix-download-offline-binge-watching-blm-bsi-20161130-story.html|title=Netflix unveils download feature for offline binge-watching|last=Shaw|first=Lucas|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=November 30, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201013555/http://www.chicagotribune.com/bluesky/technology/ct-netflix-download-offline-binge-watching-blm-bsi-20161130-story.html|archive-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref><ref name="verge-offlinenetflix">{{cite web|title=Netflix finally lets you download shows and movies to watch offline|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/30/13792376/netflix-offline-downloads-now-available|website=The Verge|access-date=January 19, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128195409/http://www.theverge.com/2016/11/30/13792376/netflix-offline-downloads-now-available|archive-date=January 28, 2017|date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> In 2016, Netflix started to provide Netflix Party service where people can watch Netflix's programs together.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-12|title=코로나 시대 넷플릭스를 같이 본다고?... '비대면단관' 시대 활짝|url=https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2021011109290002410?t=20210411152920|access-date=2021-04-11|website=한국일보|language=ko-KR}}</ref> Netflix will partner with airlines to provide them with its mobile streaming technology. This will start in early 2018 as part of an effort to get airlines to provide better in-flight Wi-Fi.<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Brien|first1=Sara Ashley|title=Netflix wants to make it easier to binge-watch on planes|url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/09/25/technology/business/netflix-airline-streaming/index.html|access-date=February 20, 2018|publisher=CNN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216043200/http://money.cnn.com/2017/09/25/technology/business/netflix-airline-streaming/index.html|archive-date=December 16, 2017}}</ref> In 2018, Netflix introduced the "Skip Intro" feature which allows customers to skip the intros to shows on its platform. They do so through a variety of techniques including manual reviewing, audio tagging, and machine learning.<ref>{{cite web|title = How does the Skip Intro feature work on TV shows|url = https://help.netflix.com/en/node/63402|publisher = Netflix}}</ref> In March 2021, Netflix started warning users for sharing passwords of their account with others.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Silverman|first=Dwight|title=When To Share Your Netflix, Hulu, Disney+ Passwords (And When You Can't)|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dwightsilverman/2021/03/29/when-to-share-your-netflix-hulu-disney-passwords-and-when-you-cant/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> === History === [[File:Marc Randolph by Gage Skidmore.jpg|right|thumb|Marc Randolph, co-founder of Netflix and the first CEO of the company]] [[File:Reed Hastings, Web 2.0 Conference.jpg|right|thumb|Reed Hastings, co-founder and the current chairman and CEO]] On October 1, 2008, Netflix announced a partnership with [[Starz Inc.|Starz]] to bring 2,500+ new films and shows to "Watch Instantly", under Starz Play.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2008/10/more-mainstream.html |title= More mainstream movies for Netflix online |work= Los Angeles Times |date= October 1, 2008 |access-date= November 21, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081204005054/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2008/10/more-mainstream.html |archive-date= December 4, 2008 |df= mdy-all }}</ref> In August 2010, Netflix reached a five-year deal worth nearly $1&nbsp;billion to stream films from [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]], [[Lionsgate]] and [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]. The deal increased Netflix's annual spending fees, adding roughly $200&nbsp;million per year. It spent $117&nbsp;million in the first six months of 2010 on streaming, up from $31&nbsp;million in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |title= Netflix to Stream Films From Paramount, Lions Gate, MGM |first= Brian |last= Stelter |newspaper= [[The New York Times]] |date= August 10, 2010 |url= http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/10/netflix-to-stream-films-from-paramount-lionsgate-mgm/ |access-date= August 11, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100811224716/http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/10/netflix-to-stream-films-from-paramount-lionsgate-mgm/ |archive-date= August 11, 2010 |df= mdy-all }}</ref> On July 12, 2011, Netflix announced that it would separate its existing subscription plans into two separate plans: one covering the streaming and the other DVD rental services.<ref name="cnet hike">{{cite web |last= Reisinger |first= Don |url= http://news.cnet.com/8301-13506_3-20078765-17/netflix-hikes-prices-adds-dvd-only-plan/ |title= Netflix hikes prices, adds DVD-only plan |publisher= CNET |date= July 12, 2011 |access-date= June 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120503014400/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13506_3-20078765-17/netflix-hikes-prices-adds-dvd-only-plan/ |archive-date= May 3, 2012 |df= mdy-all }}</ref> The cost for streaming would be $7.99 per month, while DVD rental would start at the same price. The announcement led to panned reception among Netflix's Facebook followers, who posted negative comments on its wall.<ref name="cnet negative">{{cite web |last= Mack |first= Eric |url= http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-20078960-93/dear-netflix-price-hike-ignites-social-media-fire/ |title= 'Dear Netflix': Price hike ignites social-media fire |publisher= CNET |date= July 12, 2011 |access-date= June 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120503014001/http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-20078960-93/dear-netflix-price-hike-ignites-social-media-fire/ |archive-date= May 3, 2012 |df= mdy-all }}</ref> Twitter comments spiked a negative "Dear Netflix" trend.<ref name="cnet negative" /> The company defended its decision during its initial announcement of the change:<blockquote>"Given the long life we think DVDs by mail will have, treating DVDs as a $2 add-on to our unlimited streaming plan neither makes great financial sense nor satisfies people who just want DVDs. Creating an unlimited-DVDs-by-mail plan (no streaming) at our lowest price ever, $7.99, does make sense and will ensure a long life for our DVDs-by-mail offering."<ref name="cnet hike" /></blockquote>In a reversal, Netflix announced in October that its streaming and DVD-rental plans would remain branded together.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/10/netflix-abandons-plan-to-rent-dvds-on-qwikster/#|work= The New York Times|first= Brian|last= Stelter|title= Netflix, in Reversal, Will Keep Its Services Together|date= October 10, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160613141313/http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/10/netflix-abandons-plan-to-rent-dvds-on-qwikster/|archive-date= June 13, 2016|df= mdy-all}}</ref> In January 2018, Netflix named Spencer Neumann as the new CFO.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} In January 2020, Netflix opened a new office in Paris with 40 employees.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} In July 2020, Netflix appointed Ted Sarandos as co-CEO.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Edmund|date=2020-07-16|title=Netflix Appoints Ted Sarandos as Co-Chief Executive|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/16/business/netflix-subscriptions-earnings-sarandos.html|access-date=2020-07-28|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> === Disc rental === In the United States, the company provides a monthly [[Flat rate|flat-fee]] for DVD and [[Blu-ray]] rentals. A subscriber creates a rental queue, a list, of films to rent. The films are delivered individually via the [[United States Postal Service]] from regional [[warehouse]]s. As of March 28, 2011, Netflix had 58 shipping locations throughout the United States.<ref>{{cite news | first = Paul | last = Lilly | title = GameFly Complains USPS Favors Netflix | date = March 28, 2011 | url = http://www.maximumpc.com/article/gamefly_complains_usps_favors_netflix | work = Maximum PC | access-date = April 2, 2011 | quote = Netflix has 58 shipping locations | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110920150713/http://www.maximumpc.com/article/gamefly_complains_usps_favors_netflix | archive-date = September 20, 2011 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> The subscriber can keep the rented disc as long as desired, but there is a limit on the number of discs that each subscriber can have simultaneously via different tiers. To rent a new disc, the subscriber must return the previous disc in a [[metered reply mail]] envelope. Upon receipt, Netflix ships the next available disc in the subscriber's rental queue. Netflix offers pricing tiers for DVD rental. On November 21, 2008, Netflix began offering subscribers rentals on [[Blu-ray]] for an additional fee. Also, Netflix sold used discs, delivered, and billed identically as rentals. This service was discontinued at the end of November.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.netflix.com/2008/11/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html#links |title=The Official Netflix Blog: Ending sales of previously viewed DVDs on website |publisher=netflix.com |date=November 3, 2008 |access-date=November 21, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106052701/http://blog.netflix.com/2008/11/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html#links |archive-date=November 6, 2008 }}</ref> On January 6, 2010, Netflix agreed with [[Warner Bros.]] to delay new release rentals 28 days prior to retail, in an attempt to help studios sell physical copies, and similar deals involving [[Universal Pictures|Universal]] and [[20th Century Fox]] were reached on April 9.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.netflix.com/en/press-releases/warner-bros-home-entertainment-and-netflix-announce-new-agreements-covering-availability-of-dvds-blu-ray-and-streaming-content-migration-1|title=Warner Bros. Home Entertainment and Netflix Announce New Agreements Covering Availability of DVDs, Blu-ray and Streaming Content|website=netflix.mediaroom.com|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=December 22, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223063826/https://media.netflix.com/en/press-releases/warner-bros-home-entertainment-and-netflix-announce-new-agreements-covering-availability-of-dvds-blu-ray-and-streaming-content-migration-1|archive-date=December 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://netflix.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=352 |title=Universal Studios Home Entertainment and Netflix Announce New Distribution Deals for DVDs, Blu-ray and Streaming Content |website=netflix.mediaroom.com |date=April 9, 2010 |access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714065342/http://netflix.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=352|archive-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/twentieth-century-fox-and-netflix-announce-comprehensive-strategic-agreement-that-includes-physical-and-digital-distribution-90333649.html |title=Twentieth Century Fox and Netflix Announce Comprehensive Strategic Agreement That Includes Physical and Digital Distribution |agency=[[PR Newswire]] |publisher=[[Cision Inc.|Cision]] |date=April 9, 2010 |access-date=December 22, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223071100/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/twentieth-century-fox-and-netflix-announce-comprehensive-strategic-agreement-that-includes-physical-and-digital-distribution-90333649.html |archive-date=December 23, 2016 }}</ref> In 2011, Netflix split its service pricing. Currently, Netflix's disc rental memberships range from $7.99 to $19.99/m, including a free one-month trial and unlimited DVD exchanges. On September 18, 2011, Netflix announced that it would split out and rebrand its DVD-by-mail service as Qwikster. CEO Reed Hastings justified the decision, stating that "we realized that streaming and DVD by mail are becoming two quite different businesses, with very different cost structures, different benefits that need to be marketed differently, and we need to let each grow and operate independently." It was also announced that the re-branded service would add video game rentals. The decision to split the services was widely criticized; it was noted that the two websites would have been autonomous from each other (with ratings, reviews, and queues not carrying over between them), and would have required separate user accounts. Also, the two websites would require separate subscriptions.<ref name="fastco-splitqwik">{{cite web|title=Netflix Splits DVD-Streaming Business, Rebrands With Qwikster, Adds Video Games|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/1781145/netflix-splits-dvd-streaming-business-rebrands-qwikster-adds-video-games|website=Fast Company|access-date=October 7, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009194746/https://www.fastcompany.com/1781145/netflix-splits-dvd-streaming-business-rebrands-qwikster-adds-video-games|archive-date=October 9, 2016|date=September 19, 2011}}</ref><ref name="tc-qwikster">{{cite web|title=Remember When Netflix Wanted To Rent DVDs on a Different Website? Yeah, That Was A Fun Week|url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/10/remember-when-netflix-wanted-to-rent-dvds-on-a-different-website-yeah-that-was-a-fun-week/|website=TechCrunch|access-date=October 7, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009175540/https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/10/remember-when-netflix-wanted-to-rent-dvds-on-a-different-website-yeah-that-was-a-fun-week/|archive-date=October 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name="nyt-deathsprial"/><ref name="cnnmoney-abandoned"/> On October 10, 2011, Netflix announced that it had shelved the planned re-branding in response to customer feedback and after the stock price plummeted nearly 30%, and that the DVD-by-mail and streaming services would continue to operate through a single website under the Netflix brand. Netflix stated that it had lost 800,000 subscribers in the fourth quarter of 2011—a loss partially credited to the poor reception of the aborted re-branding.<ref name="nyt-deathsprial">{{cite news|title=reportedLooks Back on Its Near-Death Spiral|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/business/netflix-looks-back-on-its-near-death-spiral.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=October 7, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009181540/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/business/netflix-looks-back-on-its-near-death-spiral.html?hp|archive-date=October 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name="cnnmoney-abandoned">{{cite web|title=Netflix abandons plan for Qwikster DVD service|url=https://money.cnn.com/2011/10/10/technology/netflix_qwikster/|publisher=CNN|access-date=October 7, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009161939/http://money.cnn.com/2011/10/10/technology/netflix_qwikster/|archive-date=October 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name="nyt-lostgoodwill">{{cite news|title=How Netflix Lost 800,000 Members, and Good Will|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/25/technology/netflix-lost-800000-members-with-price-rise-and-split-plan.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=October 7, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009181324/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/25/technology/netflix-lost-800000-members-with-price-rise-and-split-plan.html|archive-date=October 9, 2016}}</ref> In March 2012, Netflix confirmed to ''[[TechCrunch]]'' that it had acquired the [[domain name]] DVD.com. By 2016, Netflix had quietly rebranded its DVD-by-mail service under the name ''DVD.com, A Netflix Company''.<ref name="motleyfool-dvdcom">{{cite web|title=Is Netflix About to Copy Amazon?|url=http://www.fool.com/investing/2016/06/25/is-netflix-about-to-copy-amazon.aspx|website=The Motley Fool|access-date=October 7, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009210235/http://www.fool.com/investing/2016/06/25/is-netflix-about-to-copy-amazon.aspx|archive-date=October 9, 2016|date=June 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name="tc-dvdcom">{{cite web|title=Netflix Sharpens Focus On DVDs With DVD.com, But Don't Cry Qwikster. (It's Staying)|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/netflix-sharpens-focus-on-dvds-with-dvd-com-but-dont-cry-qwikster-its-staying/|website=TechCrunch|access-date=October 7, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009163626/https://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/netflix-sharpens-focus-on-dvds-with-dvd-com-but-dont-cry-qwikster-its-staying/|archive-date=October 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name="paste-envelope">{{cite web|title=Here's How Netflix's DVD Envelope Designs Have Changed Since 2012|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2016/09/heres-how-netflixs-dvd-envelopes-have-changed-sinc.html|website=Paste Magazine|date=September 15, 2016|access-date=October 7, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009143551/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2016/09/heres-how-netflixs-dvd-envelopes-have-changed-sinc.html|archive-date=October 9, 2016}}</ref> As of 2017, the service still had 3.3&nbsp;million customers, and Hastings stated plans to keep it for at least five more years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marketing-interactive.com/netflix-ceo-predicts-2018-revenue-to-grow-to-about-us15bn/|title=Netflix CEO predicts 2018 revenue to grow to about US$15bn|first=Janice|last=Tan|date=March 9, 2018}}</ref> In the first quarter of 2018, DVD rentals earned $60.2&nbsp;million in profit from $120.4&nbsp;million in revenue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/when-will-netflix-kill-its-dvd-service|title=When Will Netflix Kill Its DVD Service?|date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> As of 2020, the DVD rental service is branded as ''DVD Netflix''.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} === Profiles === In June 2008, Netflix announced plans to eliminate its online subscriber profile feature.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://netflix.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=98 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207071416/http://netflix.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=98 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |title=Netflix Unveils Profiles |access-date=August 12, 2008 |date=January 18, 2005 |publisher=Netflix }}</ref> Profiles allow one subscriber account to contain multiple users (for example, a couple, two roommates, or parent and child) with separate DVD queues, ratings, recommendations, friend lists, reviews, and intra-site communications for each. Netflix contended that eliminating profiles would improve the customer experience.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://blog.netflix.com/2008/06/profiles-feature-going-away.html |title=Profiles feature going away |date=January 19, 2008 |access-date=January 19, 2008 |work=Netflix Community Blog |quote=[T]he motivation is solely driven by keeping our service as simple and as easy to use as possible. Too many members found the feature difficult to understand and cumbersome, having to consistently log in and out of the website. Please know that the motivation is solely driven by keeping our service as simple and as easy to use as possible. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080702074004/http://blog.netflix.com/2008/06/profiles-feature-going-away.html |archive-date=July 2, 2008 }}</ref> However, likely as a result of negative reviews and reaction by Netflix users,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://tech.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/06/19/0337233 |title=Netflix To Eliminate Profiles Feature |date=January 19, 2008 |access-date=January 19, 2008 |work=[[Slashdot]] |quote=Unfortunately, the fun stops September 1, at which point Netflix is, for unknown reasons, going to terminate this feature. Why? To ' ... help us to continue to improve the Netflix website for all our customers.' Improvement indeed. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411091047/http://tech.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08%2F06%2F19%2F0337233 |archive-date=April 11, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13577_3-9972829-36.html |title=Netflix to eliminate profiles, instigate roommate feuds |date=January 19, 2008 |access-date=January 19, 2008 |work=c{{!}}Net news |quote=Lousy move, Netflix. A thread on feedback forum [[Get Satisfaction]] revealed that other people aren't too happy either. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806092957/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13577_3-9972829-36.html |archive-date=August 6, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080619-netflix-killing-extra-queues-to-improve-service.html |title=Netflix killing extra queues to "improve" service |access-date=June 19, 2008 |work=ars technica |date=June 19, 2008 |quote=An online petition is already available, with signees agreeing to either move to a cheaper plan, put their account on hold, or cancel their accounts entirely. Netflix must be banking that the improvements to its web site will offset the ill will and lost subscribers that this news has engendered. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620032034/http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080619-netflix-killing-extra-queues-to-improve-service.html |archive-date=June 20, 2008 }}</ref> Netflix reversed its decision to remove profiles 11 days after the announcement.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.netflix.com/Help?p_faqid=3962&nlid=20427.1001179.0.1.0.0&eid=T1qJaBtlETj5nvQncs6qHWvjUeo4PWZmJla2I78_SB*EY- |title=What is happening to Profiles? |date=January 19, 2008 |access-date=January 19, 2008 |work=Netflix Customer Service}}</ref> In announcing the reinstatement of profiles, Netflix defended its original decision, stating, "Because of an ongoing desire to make our website easier to use, we believed taking a feature away that is only used by a very small minority would help us improve the site for everyone," then explained its reversal: "Listening to our members, we realized that users of this feature often describe it as an essential part of their Netflix experience. Simplicity is only one virtue and it can certainly be outweighed by a utility."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.netflix.com/2008/06/profiles-feature-not-going-away.html |title=Netflix Community Blog: Profiles feature NOT going away |publisher=Blog.netflix.com |date=June 30, 2008 |access-date=November 21, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109005741/http://blog.netflix.com/2008/06/profiles-feature-not-going-away.html |archive-date=November 9, 2008 }}</ref> Reintroduction of the "Profiles" feature on August 1, 2013, that permits accounts to accommodate up to five user profiles, associated either with individuals or thematic occasions. "Profiles" effectively divides the interest of each user, so that each will receive individualized suggestions and adding favorites individually. "This is important", according to Todd Yellin, Netflix's Vice President of Product Innovation, because, "About 75 percent to 80 percent of what people watch on Netflix comes from what Netflix recommends, not from what people search for".<ref name="author=Stenovec">{{cite news|work=HuffPost|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/01/netflix-profiles_n_3685876.html|date=August 1, 2013|author=Stenovec, Timothy|title=Netflix Launches Profiles, Finally Realizing How People Really Watch Movies On It|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319051341/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/01/netflix-profiles_n_3685876.html|archive-date=March 19, 2016}}</ref> Moreover, Mike McGuire, a VP at [[Gartner]], said: "profiles will give Netflix even more detailed information about its subscribers and their viewing habits, allowing the company to make better decisions about what movies and TV shows to offer".<ref name="author=Stenovec"/> Additionally, profiles lets users link their individual Facebook accounts, and thus share individual watch queues and recommendations,<ref name="author=Stenovec"/><ref name="Pepitone, Julianne">{{cite news|publisher=CNN|title=Netflix launches user profiles for individual recommendations|author=Pepitone, Julianne|date=August 1, 2013|url=https://money.cnn.com/2013/08/01/technology/innovation/netflix-profiles/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006114741/http://money.cnn.com/2013/08/01/technology/innovation/netflix-profiles/index.html|archive-date=October 6, 2014}}</ref> since its addition in March after lobbying Congress to change an outdated act.<ref name="Pepitone, Julianne" /> Neil Hunt, Netflix's former Chief Product Officer, told [[CNNMoney]]: "profiles are another way to stand out in the crowded streaming-video space", and, "The company said [[Focus group|focus-group]] testing showed that profiles generate more viewing and more engagement".<ref name="Pepitone, Julianne"/> Hunt says Netflix may link profiles to specific devices, in time, so a subscriber can skip the step of launching a specific profile each time they log into Netflix on a given device.<ref name="Lawler Profiles">{{cite news|work=TechCrunch|date=August 1, 2013|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/01/netflix-user-profiles/|title=Netflix Makes Recommendations More Personalized By Adding Individual User Profiles|author=Lawler, Ryan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117002549/https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/01/netflix-user-profiles/|archive-date=November 17, 2017}}</ref> Critics of the feature have noted: * New profiles are created as "blank slates",<ref name="Lawler Profiles" /> but viewing history prior to profile creations stays profile-wide.<ref name="Rogowsky Steps">{{cite news|author=Rogowsky, Mark|work=Forbes|date=August 2, 2013|title=Netflix Profiles: One Step Up, Two Steps Back|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/markrogowsky/2013/08/02/netflix-profiles-one-step-up-two-steps-back/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017170142/https://www.forbes.com/sites/markrogowsky/2013/08/02/netflix-profiles-one-step-up-two-steps-back/|archive-date=October 17, 2017}}</ref> * People don't always watch Netflix alone, and media watched with viewing partner(s) – whose tastes might not reflect the owner(s) – affect recommendations made to that profile.<ref name="Pepitone, Julianne"/><ref name="Lawler Profiles" /><ref name="Rogowsky Steps" /> In response to both concerns, however, users can refine future recommendations for a given profile by rating the shows watched and by their ongoing viewing habits.<ref name="Lawler Profiles" /><ref name="Rogowsky Steps" /> === Subsidiaries === * DVD.com – Rents DVDs by mail * [[Millarworld]] – A comic book company that was founded in 2004 by [[Scottish national identity|Scottish]] [[comic book]] writer [[Mark Millar]] as a [[creator ownership|creator-owned]] line. * Netflix Pte. Ltd. – Netflix's studio in Singapore. * Netflix Services UK Limited – A British division that holds Private limited with Share Capital. * Netflix Streaming Services International B.V. – A Netflix subsidiary in the Netherlands. * Netflix Streaming Services, Inc. – A subsidiary that licenses Netflix's content library for streaming. * Netflix Global, LLC – A Foreign Limited-Liability Company filed on August 3, 2016, that co-produces all foreign programming and films * Netflix Studios – A film and television studio that co-produces any original or foreign content.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trademarks.justia.com/867/68/stranger-86768141.html|title=STRANGER THINGS Trademark of Netflix Studios, LLC – Registration Number 5152090 – Serial Number 86768141 :: Justia Trademarks|website=trademarks.justia.com}}</ref> * Netflix Services Germany GmbH – A studio that contributes to German film subsidies supporting the domestic movie and TV production in the country. * NetflixCS, Inc. – Another located 1108 E SOUTH UNION AVE Midvale, UT 84047. * Netflix Luxembourg S.a r.l. – A subsidiary located in Luxembourg, Europe. * Netflix Services Korea Ltd.- A subsidiary located in Seoul, South Korea. * Netflix Entertainment Korea Ltd. - A contents subsidiary located in Seoul, South Korea. == Products == [[File:Netflix button on Sharp Aquos remote 20131106.jpg|thumb|An [[Aquos]] [[remote control]] with a Netflix button]] In 2007, Netflix recruited one of the early [[Digital video recorder|DVR]] business pioneers [[Anthony Wood (businessman)|Anthony Wood]] to build a "Netflix Player" that would allow streaming content to be played directly on a television set rather than a PC or laptop.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/netflix-appoints-anthony-wood-who-founded-and-led-replaytv-as-vp-of-internet-tv-58342017.html|title=Netflix Appoints Anthony Wood, who Founded and led ReplayTV, As V.P. of Internet TV|last=Inc.|first=Netflix|agency=PR Newswire|access-date=April 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113170839/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/netflix-appoints-anthony-wood-who-founded-and-led-replaytv-as-vp-of-internet-tv-58342017.html|archive-date=November 13, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> While the player was initially developed at Netflix, Reed Hastings eventually shut down the project to help encourage other hardware manufacturers to include built-in Netflix support.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2012/11/01/rokus-anthony-wood-looks-beyond-the-box/|title=Roku's Anthony Wood looks beyond the box|work=Fortune|access-date=April 28, 2018}}</ref> Wood eventually launched the player as the first device from [[Roku, Inc.|Roku Inc.]] which is now primarily known for its streaming video players, with Netflix serving as a primary investor in the new company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/vprr/0802/08022800.pdf|title=Roku SEC Filing Document|date=February 2008|website=SEC.Gov|access-date=April 28, 2018}}</ref> In 2011, Netflix introduced a Netflix button for certain [[remote control]]s, allowing users to instantly access Netflix on compatible devices.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/remote-controls-to-get-a-netflix-button/|title=Remote controls to get a Netflix button|publisher=CNET|access-date=March 13, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314065730/https://www.cnet.com/news/remote-controls-to-get-a-netflix-button/|archive-date=March 14, 2017}}</ref> Netflix revealed a prototype of the new device called "The Switch" at the 2015 World [[Maker Faire]] New York. "The Switch" allows Netflix users to turn off lights when connected to a smart home light system. It also connects to users' local networks to enable their servers to order takeout, and silence one's phone at the press of a button. Though the device hasn't been patented, Netflix released instructions on its website, on how to build it at home (DIY). The instructions cover both the electrical structure and the programming processes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix Switch Lets You Netflix And Chill with the Push of a Button|url = http://www.techtimes.com/articles/89192/20150928/netflix-switch-lets-chill-push-button.htm|website = Tech Times|date = September 28, 2015|access-date = October 21, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151011023654/http://www.techtimes.com/articles/89192/20150928/netflix-switch-lets-chill-push-button.htm|archive-date = October 11, 2015|df = mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Switch |url=https://makeit.netflix.com/the-switch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928003517/http://makeit.netflix.com/the-switch |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 28, 2015 |website=makeit.netflix.com |access-date=October 21, 2015 }}</ref> Since 2015, the company received significant technical support from France's [[CNRS]] concerning video compression and formating, through CNRS' Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N). In March 2017 at Barcelona's World Congress for mobile technologies, the American company presented the French lab's [[Open source technology|open-source technological]] creation: a compression tool allowing HD+ video quality with a bandwidth need of under 100 [[kilobyte]]s per second, 40 times less than that of HDTV needs and compatible with mobile services worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lejournal.cnrs.fr/articles/les-prouesses-de-la-compression-video|title=Les prouesses de la compression vidéo|website=CNRS Le journal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220092534/https://lejournal.cnrs.fr/articles/les-prouesses-de-la-compression-video|archive-date=February 20, 2018}}</ref> In May 2016, Netflix created a new tool called FAST to determine the speed of an Internet connection.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/tech/netflix-launched-tool-show-fast-152135686.html |title=Netflix releases tool to determine internet speed |last=McAlone |first=Nathan |date=May 18, 2016 |website=[[Yahoo Tech]] |access-date=December 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911070634/https://www.yahoo.com/tech/netflix-launched-tool-show-fast-152135686.html |archive-date=September 11, 2016 }}</ref> It received praise for being "simple" and "easy to use", and does not include [[Online advertising|advertisements]], unlike other competitors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Sarah |date=May 18, 2016 |title=Netflix launches its own speed test website, Fast.com |url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2016/05/18/netflix-launches-its-own-speed-test-website-fast-com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919033224/https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/18/netflix-launches-its-own-speed-test-website-fast-com/ |archive-date=September 19, 2018 |access-date=November 7, 2020 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=Napier |date=2016-05-18 |title=Netflix launches Fast.com, the simplest internet speed test ever |url=https://thenextweb.com/apps/2016/05/18/netflix-just-created-simplest-internet-speed-test-ever/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030644/https://thenextweb.com/apps/2016/05/18/netflix-just-created-simplest-internet-speed-test-ever/ |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=The Next Web |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carpenter |first=Shelby |date=May 18, 2016 |title=Netflix Launches Fast.com, New Tool To Check Your Internet Speed |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/shelbycarpenter/2016/05/18/netflix-fast-com-internet-speed-download-video-streaming/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117194028/https://www.forbes.com/sites/shelbycarpenter/2016/05/18/netflix-fast-com-internet-speed-download-video-streaming/ |archive-date=January 17, 2021 |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en }}</ref> == Content == === Original programming === {{Further|List of Netflix original programming|List of ended Netflix original programming|Lists of Netflix original films|List of Netflix original stand-up comedy specials|List of Netflix India originals|List of Netflix exclusive international distribution programming}} A "[[List of Netflix original programming|Netflix Original]]" is content that is produced, co-produced, or distributed by Netflix exclusively on its services. Netflix funds its original shows differently than other TV networks when it signs a project, providing the money upfront and immediately ordering two seasons of most series.<ref name="hr-backlash" /> In March 2011, Netflix began acquiring original content for its library, beginning with the hour-long political drama ''[[House of Cards (American TV series)|House of Cards]]'', which debuted in February 2013. The series was produced by [[David Fincher]], and starred [[Kevin Spacey]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |url=https://www.deadline.com/2011/03/its-official-netflix-picks-up-david-fincher-kevin-spacey-series-house-of-cards/ |title=It's Official: Netflix Picks Up David Fincher- Kevin Spacey Series 'House Of Cards' |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=June 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508093947/http://www.deadline.com/2011/03/its-official-netflix-picks-up-david-fincher-kevin-spacey-series-house-of-cards/ |archive-date=May 8, 2012 |date=March 18, 2011 }}</ref> In late 2011, Netflix picked up two eight-episode seasons of ''[[Lilyhammer]]'' and a fourth season of the ex-[[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] sitcom ''[[Arrested Development (TV series)|Arrested Development]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |url=https://www.deadline.com/2011/11/netflix-picks-up-new-episodes-of-arrested-development/ |title=Netflix Picks Up New Episodes Of 'Arrested Development' |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=June 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528085822/http://www.deadline.com/2011/11/netflix-picks-up-new-episodes-of-arrested-development/ |archive-date=May 28, 2012 |date=November 19, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://deadline.com/2011/10/netflix-adds-lilyhammer-to-tv-line-up-178702/ | title=Update: Miramax's Mike Lang and Netflix's Ted Sarandos Talk Shop; Netflix Adds 'Lilyhammer' To TV Lineup | website=Deadline Hollywood | date=October 3, 2011 | access-date=September 18, 2016 | last=Adler | first=Tim | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919074214/http://deadline.com/2011/10/netflix-adds-lilyhammer-to-tv-line-up-178702/ | archive-date=September 19, 2016 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Netflix released the supernatural drama series ''[[Hemlock Grove (TV series)|Hemlock Grove]]'' in early 2013.<ref name="Deadline-4643325">{{cite news|url=https://www.deadline.com/2012/03/famke-janssen-bill-skarsgard-join-eli-roths-hemlock-grove-netflix-to-air-gaumont-produced-series-in-early-2013/ |title=Famke Janssen, Bill Skarsgard Cast in Eli Roth's 'Hemlock Grove'; Netflix To Air Gaumont-Produced Series in Early 2013 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=March 21, 2012 |access-date=March 7, 2014 |first=Nancy |last=Tartaglione |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307225858/http://www.deadline.com/2012/03/famke-janssen-bill-skarsgard-join-eli-roths-hemlock-grove-netflix-to-air-gaumont-produced-series-in-early-2013/ |archive-date=March 7, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2013, DreamWorks Animation and Netflix co-produced ''[[Turbo Fast]]'', based on the movie ''[[Turbo (film)|Turbo]]'', which premiered in July.<ref name="Deadline-614048">{{cite news|url=https://www.deadline.com/2013/02/dreamworks-animation-netflix-turbo-kids-original-series/ |title=DreamWorks Animation To Produce First Netflix Original Series For Kids |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=February 12, 2013 |access-date=March 8, 2014 |first1=David |last1=Lieberman |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308084643/http://www.deadline.com/2013/02/dreamworks-animation-netflix-turbo-kids-original-series/ |archive-date=March 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Deadline-7591984">{{cite news|url=https://www.deadline.com/2013/06/dreamworks-animation-produce-tv-shows-netflix/#more-522497 |title=DreamWorks Animation To Produce TV Shows Based On Its Characters For Netflix |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=June 17, 2013 |access-date=March 8, 2014 |first1=David |last1=Lieberman |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308085025/http://www.deadline.com/2013/06/dreamworks-animation-produce-tv-shows-netflix/ |archive-date=March 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Netflix has since become a major distributor of [[List of Netflix original programming#Kids & family|animated family and kid shows]]. ''[[Orange Is the New Black]]'' debuted on the streaming service in July 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/netflix-orange-new-black-premiere-date-jenji-kohan-448610|title = Netflix Sets Premiere Date for Jenji Kohan's 'Orange Is the New Black'|work = [[The Hollywood Reporter]]|last = Goldberg|first = Lesley|date = April 30, 2013|access-date = April 30, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130502234848/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/netflix-orange-new-black-premiere-date-jenji-kohan-448610|archive-date = May 2, 2013|df = mdy-all}}</ref> In a rare discussion of a Netflix show's ratings, Netflix executives have commented that the show is Netflix's most-watched original series.<ref name="Ha">{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/10/21/netflix-orange-is-the-new-black-most-watched/|title=Netflix: 'Orange Is The New Black' Is Our Most-Watched Original, But Our TV Exclusives Are Even Bigger|work=[[TechCrunch]]|first=Anthony|last=Ha|date=October 21, 2013|access-date=February 12, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215171943/http://techcrunch.com/2013/10/21/netflix-orange-is-the-new-black-most-watched/|archive-date=February 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="rating">{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/orange-is-the-new-black-renewed-3-seasons-netflix-1201698227/|title='Orange Is the New Black' Renewed For 3 Seasons By Netflix|magazine=Variety|last=Littleton|first=Cynthia|date=February 5, 2016|access-date=February 5, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205161246/http://variety.com/2016/tv/news/orange-is-the-new-black-renewed-3-seasons-netflix-1201698227/|archive-date=February 5, 2016}}</ref> In February 2016, ''Orange Is the New Black'' was renewed for a fifth, sixth and seventh season. On June 9, 2017, the fifth season was premiered and the sixth season premiered on July 27, 2018.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://deadline.com/2018/06/orange-is-the-new-black-season-6-premiere-date-teaser-netflix-taylor-schilling-1202403515/ |title='Orange Is The New Black' Season 6 Gets Premiere Date & Teaser On Netflix |magazine=Deadline |first=Erik |last=Pedersen |date=June 5, 2018 |access-date=June 5, 2018}}</ref> In November 2013, Netflix and [[Marvel Television]] announced a five-season deal to produce live-action Marvel superhero-focused series: [[Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)|Daredevil]], [[Jessica Jones]], [[Iron Fist (comics)|Iron Fist]] and [[Luke Cage]]. The deal involves the release of four 13-episode seasons that culminate in a mini-series called ''[[Defenders (comics)|The Defenders]]''. [[Daredevil (TV series)|''Daredevil'']] and [[Jessica Jones (TV series)|''Jessica Jones'']] premiered in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Marvel TV shows to debut on Netflix|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24864631|access-date=November 11, 2013|work=BBC News|date=November 8, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111053658/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24864631|archive-date=November 11, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Netflix">{{cite web|url=https://www.deadline.com/2013/11/disney-netflix-marvel-series/|title=Disney To Provide Netflix With Four Series Based On Marvel Characters|last=Lieberman|first=David|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=November 7, 2013|access-date=November 7, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414000453/http://www.deadline.com/2013/11/disney-netflix-marvel-series/|archive-date=April 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Spangler|first=Todd|title=Netflix Orders Four Marvel Live-Action Series|url=https://variety.com/2013/digital/news/netflix-orders-four-marvel-live-action-series-1200804887/|access-date=November 7, 2013|magazine=Variety|date=November 7, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110023051/http://variety.com/2013/digital/news/netflix-orders-four-marvel-live-action-series-1200804887/|archive-date=November 10, 2013}}</ref> The ''[[Luke Cage (TV series)|Luke Cage]]'' series premiered on September 30, 2016, followed by ''[[Iron Fist (TV series)|Iron Fist]]'' on March 17, 2017, and ''[[The Defenders (miniseries)|The Defenders]]'' on August 18, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/us/tv/iron-fist/250774/marvels-iron-fist-release-date-trailer-review-cast-and-more|title=Marvel's Iron Fist Release Date, Trailer, Review, Cast, and More|work=Den of Geek|access-date=September 14, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914221410/http://www.denofgeek.com/us/tv/iron-fist/250774/marvels-iron-fist-release-date-trailer-review-cast-and-more|archive-date=September 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2017/07/22/comic-con-2017-the-defenders-we-just-saw-the-first-episode|title=Comic-Con 2017: The Defenders – We Just Saw the First Episode|last=Collura|first=Scott|date=July 21, 2017|website=IGN|access-date=September 14, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722053637/http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/07/22/comic-con-2017-the-defenders-we-just-saw-the-first-episode|archive-date=July 22, 2017}}</ref> In April 2016, the Netflix series in the [[List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series|Marvel Cinematic Universe]] were expanded further, to include a 13-episode series of ''[[The Punisher (TV series)|The Punisher]]''.<ref name="PunisherEWApr2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2016/04/29/punisher-marvel-netflix |title=Marvel's The Punisher spin-off ordered by Netflix |last=Hibberd |first=James |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=April 29, 2016 |access-date=April 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502095757/http://www.ew.com/article/2016/04/29/punisher-marvel-netflix?xid=entertainment-weekly_socialflow_twitter |archive-date=May 2, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="PunisherEpCount">{{cite web|url=http://marvel.com/news/tv/26104/netflix_orders_marvels_the_punisher_to_series|title=Netflix Orders 'Marvel's The Punisher' To Series|publisher=[[Marvel Comics|Marvel.com]]|date=April 29, 2016|access-date=April 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225114621/http://marvel.com/news/tv/26104/netflix_orders_marvels_the_punisher_to_series|archive-date=February 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition to the Marvel deal, Disney announced that the television series ''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)|Star Wars: The Clone Wars]]'' would release its sixth and final season on Netflix, as well as all five prior and the [[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)|feature film]]. The new ''Star Wars'' content was released on Netflix's streaming service on March 7, 2014.<ref name="C4Wauto-4596604">{{cite web |url=http://starwars.com/news/star-wars-the-clone-wars-final-season-the-lost-missions-to-hit-netflix-on-march-7.html |title=Star Wars: The Clone Wars – The Lost Missions Now on Netflix |website=starwars.com |date=March 7, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2014 |publisher=[[Lucasfilm]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307230429/http://starwars.com/news/star-wars-the-clone-wars-final-season-the-lost-missions-to-hit-netflix-on-march-7.html |archive-date=March 7, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2014, Netflix announced a four-movie deal with [[Adam Sandler]] and his [[Happy Madison Productions]].<ref>{{Cite news|title = With Four New Adam Sandler Films, Netflix Takes Aim at Theaters - NYTimes.com|url = http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/10/02/business/media/with-four-new-adam-sandler-films-netflix-takes-aim-at-theaters.html|newspaper = The New York Times|date = October 2, 2014|access-date = December 13, 2015|last1 = Steel|first1 = Emily}}</ref> In January 2020, Netflix announced a new four-movie deal worth up to $275&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldofreel.com/blog/2020/1/netflix-signs-adam-sandler-to-275-million4-movie-deal-claims-its-viewers-spent-2-billion-hours-watching-his-movies|title=Netflix Signs Adam Sandler to $275 million/4 Movie Deal, Claims Its Viewers Spent 2 Billion Hours Watching His Movies|website=World of Reel}}</ref> In April 2014, Netflix signed ''Arrested Development'' creator [[Mitchell Hurwitz|Mitch Hurwitz]] and his production firm The Hurwitz Company to a multi-year deal to create original projects for the service.<ref name="Deadline-5977108">{{cite news|url=https://www.deadline.com/2014/04/mitch-hurwitz-to-create-new-series-for-netflix-under-multi-year-deal/ |title=Mitch Hurwitz Inks Multi-Year Deal With Netflix For New Series |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=April 22, 2014 |access-date=April 23, 2014 |first=Nellie |last=Andreeva |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423233403/http://www.deadline.com/2014/04/mitch-hurwitz-to-create-new-series-for-netflix-under-multi-year-deal/ |archive-date=April 23, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[historical drama|period drama]] ''[[Marco Polo (TV series)|Marco Polo]]'' premiered on December 12, 2014. The animated sitcom ''[[BoJack Horseman]]'' premiered in August 2014, to mixed reviews on release but garnering wide critical acclaim for the following seasons.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/bojack_horseman | title=BoJack Horseman – Rotten Tomatoes | website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | access-date=September 23, 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011084649/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/bojack_horseman | archive-date=October 11, 2016 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The science fiction drama ''[[Sense8]]'' debuted in June 2015, which was written and produced by [[The Wachowskis]] and [[J. Michael Straczynski]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/only-on-netflix-sci-fi-giants-the-wachowskis-and-j-michael-straczynski-team-up-to-create-sense8-200215501.html|title=Only On Netflix: Sci-Fi Giants The Wachowskis And J. Michael Straczynski Team-Up To Create 'Sense8'|date=March 27, 2013|publisher=Netflix|agency=PR Newswire|access-date=October 25, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150511162908/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/only-on-netflix-sci-fi-giants-the-wachowskis-and-j-michael-straczynski-team-up-to-create-sense8-200215501.html|archive-date=May 11, 2015}}</ref> ''[[Bloodline (TV series)|Bloodline]]'' and ''[[Narcos]]'' were two other drama series that Netflix released in 2015. On November 6, 2015, ''[[Master of None]]'' premiered, starring [[Aziz Ansari]]. Other comedy shows premiering in 2015 included ''[[Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt]]'', ''[[Grace and Frankie]]'', ''[[Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp]]'', and ''[[W/ Bob & David]]''. Netflix continued to dramatically expand its original content in 2016. The science fiction [[Horror fiction|horror]] ''[[Stranger Things]]'' premiered in July 2016, music-driven drama ''[[The Get Down]]'' in August, British historical drama ''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]'' in November, and the year's premieres included comedy shows such as ''[[Love (TV series)|Love]]'', ''[[Flaked]]'', ''[[Netflix Presents: The Characters]]'', ''[[The Ranch (TV series)|The Ranch]]'', and ''[[Lady Dynamite (TV series)|Lady Dynamite]]''. Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, more than any other network or cable channel.<ref name="hr-backlash">{{cite web | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/netflix-backlash-why-hollywood-fears-928428 | title=The Netflix Backlash: Why Hollywood Fears a Content Monopoly | work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=September 14, 2016 | access-date=September 18, 2016 | author=Masters, Kim | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917022652/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/netflix-backlash-why-hollywood-fears-928428 | archive-date=September 17, 2016 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Some other Netflix originals are "Bird Box," starring Sandra Bullock in 2018 and "I Care a Lot," starring Rosamund Pike in 2020. On September 14, 2016, Netflix and [[20th Century Fox]] jointly acquired the US distribution rights to the Canadian [[independent film|independent]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] ''[[Two Lovers and a Bear]]'' following its screening at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] on September 9, 2016.<ref name="auto">{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/toronto-dane-dehaan-tatiana-maslanys-two-lovers-and-a-bear-fox-netflix-1201860912/|title=Toronto: Dane DeHaan-Tatiana Maslany's 'Two Lovers and a Bear' Sold to Fox, Netflix|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Dave|last=McNary|date=September 14, 2016|access-date=September 18, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918210330/http://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/toronto-dane-dehaan-tatiana-maslanys-two-lovers-and-a-bear-fox-netflix-1201860912/|archive-date=September 18, 2016}}</ref> Netflix has also invested in distributing exclusive stand-up comedy specials from such notable comedians as [[Dave Chappelle]], [[Louis C.K.]], [[Chris Rock]], [[Jim Gaffigan]], [[Bill Burr]] and [[Jerry Seinfeld]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/3/20/16040460/netflix-stand-up-comedy-specials-market-chris-rock-dave-chappelle-amy-schumer-mike-birb-f3f000772c61#.ubp1jaf7c|title=Laughing All the Way to the Bank|work=The Ringer|access-date=September 14, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915023036/https://www.theringer.com/2017/3/20/16040460/netflix-stand-up-comedy-specials-market-chris-rock-dave-chappelle-amy-schumer-mike-birb-f3f000772c61#.ubp1jaf7c|archive-date=September 15, 2017}}</ref> In January 2017, Netflix announced all Seinfeld's ''[[Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee]]'' episodes and season 10 would be on its service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/jerry-seinfeld-move-to-netflix-comedians-in-cars-getting-coffee-deal-2017-1|title=Inside Jerry Seinfeld's $100&nbsp;million decision to jump to Netflix|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129084429/http://www.businessinsider.com/jerry-seinfeld-move-to-netflix-comedians-in-cars-getting-coffee-deal-2017-1|archive-date=January 29, 2017}}</ref> The company has started internally self-producing its original content, such as ''[[The Ranch (TV series)|The Ranch]]'' and ''[[Chelsea (TV series)|Chelsea]]'', through its Netflix Studios production house.<ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix to boost in-house production arm|url=http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/news/netflix-to-boost-in-house-production-arm/5102756.article|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031090520/http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/news/netflix-to-boost-in-house-production-arm/5102756.article|archive-date=October 31, 2016}}</ref> Netflix expected to release 1,000 hours of original content in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/02/08/netflix-announces-1000-hours-of-new-original-content-for-2017/|title=Netflix announces 1,000 hours of new original content for 2017|date=February 8, 2017|access-date=August 3, 2019}}</ref> On August 7, 2017, Netflix acquired [[Millarworld]], the creator-owned publishing company of comic book writer [[Mark Millar]]. It is the first ever company acquisition in Netflix's history. Netflix plans to leverage Millar and his current and future work for future original content. Chief content officer Ted Sarandos described Millar as being a "modern-day [[Stan Lee]]".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-40849525|title=Netflix buys Scots comic book firm Millarworld|date=August 7, 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=August 7, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808012529/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-40849525|archive-date=August 8, 2017}}</ref> The following week, Netflix announced that it had entered into an exclusive development deal with [[Shonda Rhimes]] and her production company [[Shondaland]].<ref name="nyt-rhimesnetflix">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/14/business/media/shonda-rhimes-netflix-deal.html|title=Netflix Signs Shonda Rhimes in Counterpunch to ABC and Disney|last=Koblin|first=John|date=August 14, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 14, 2017|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814191551/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/14/business/media/shonda-rhimes-netflix-deal.html|archive-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref> In October 2017, Netflix iterated a goal of having half of its library consist of original content by 2019, announcing a plan to invest $8&nbsp;billion on original content in 2018. There will be a particular focus on films and [[anime]] through this investment, with a plan to produce 80 original films and 30 anime series.<ref>{{cite news |last=Statt |first=Nick |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/16/16486436/netflix-original-content-8-billion-dollars-anime-films |title=Netflix plans to spend $8&nbsp;billion to make its library 50 percent original by 2018 |work=[[The Verge]] |date=October 16, 2017 |access-date=October 17, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017042303/https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/16/16486436/netflix-original-content-8-billion-dollars-anime-films |archive-date=October 17, 2017 }}</ref> In September 2017, [[Minister of Heritage]] [[Mélanie Joly]] also announced that Netflix had agreed to make a [[Canadian dollar|CDN$]]500&nbsp;million (US$400&nbsp;million) investment over the next five years in producing content in Canada. The company denied that the deal was intended to result in a [[tax break]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/netflix-launches-pr-campaign-to-set-record-straight-on-500-million-pledge/article36528636/?ref=https://www.theglobeandmail.com&|title=Netflix in campaign to 'set record straight' on $500-million pledge for Canadian productions|date=October 9, 2017|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=October 18, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220092534/https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/netflix-launches-pr-campaign-to-set-record-straight-on-500-million-pledge/article36528636/?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com&|archive-date=February 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2017/10/netflix-defends-500-million-canada-investment-no-special-treatment-1202185388/|title=Netflix Defends $500 Million Canadian Investment: "No Tax Deals Were Part Of The Approval"|last=Hayes|first=Dade|date=October 10, 2017|website=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=October 18, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019003902/http://deadline.com/2017/10/netflix-defends-500-million-canada-investment-no-special-treatment-1202185388/|archive-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref> A study found that Netflix had realized this goal by December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/03/netflix-reaches-tipping-point-as-originals-now-outpace-acquired-titles-study-1202579260/|title=Netflix Reaches Tipping Point As Originals Now Outpace Acquired Titles – Study|last=Hayes|first=Dade|date=March 21, 2019|publisher=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=April 3, 2019}}</ref> In November 2017, Netflix announced that it would be making its first original Colombian series, to be executive produced by [[Ciro Guerra]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/festivals/netflix-to-make-first-original-colombian-series-1202621537/|title=Netflix to Make its First Original Colombian Series|last=de la Fuente|first=Anna Marie|date=November 22, 2017|magazine=Variety|access-date=November 22, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122180241/http://variety.com/2017/film/festivals/netflix-to-make-first-original-colombian-series-1202621537/|archive-date=November 22, 2017}}</ref> The same month, Netflix announced it has signed an exclusive multi-year deal with ''Orange Is the New Black'' creator [[Jenji Kohan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/jenji-kohan-deal-with-netflix-1202210938/|title=Jenji Kohan Inks Overall Deal With Netflix|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=2017-11-17|website=Deadline|language=en|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref> The following month, it signed ''Stranger Things'' director-producer [[Shawn Levy]] and his production company [[21 Laps Entertainment]] to what sources say is a four-year, seven-figure deal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/netflix-inks-deal-shawn-levys-21-laps-1064839|title='Stranger Things' Producer Inks Massive Overall Deal With Netflix|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 6, 2017|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref> In May 2018, chief content officer Ted Sarandos stated that Netflix had increased its spending on original content, with 85% of its new content spending that year being devoted to it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/netflix-original-spending-85-percent-1202809623/|title=Netflix Content Chief Says 85% of New Spending Is on Originals|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=May 14, 2018|website=Variety|access-date=April 3, 2019}}</ref> The company also announced a partnership with [[ESPN Films]] on a docuseries chronicling the [[1997–98 Chicago Bulls season]] titled ''[[The Last Dance (miniseries)|The Last Dance]]''. It was released internationally on Netflix and became available for streaming in the United States three months after a broadcast airing on [[ESPN]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Here's the Thrilling New Trailer for ESPN's Michael Jordan Documentary 'The Last Dance' |url=https://www.complex.com/sports/2018/12/michael-jordan-last-dance-documentary-trailer |access-date=2021-01-07 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Spangler |first1=Todd |date=2020-04-22 |title=Netflix to Premiere ESPN's 'The Last Dance' for U.S. Subscribers in July |url=https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/netflix-premiere-last-dance-us-1234586940/ |access-date=2021-01-07 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> On May 22, 2018, former [[President of the United States|president]] [[Barack Obama]] and his wife [[Michelle Obama]] signed a deal to produce docu-series, documentaries and features for Netflix under the Obamas' newly formed production company, [[Higher Ground Productions]]. On the deal, Michelle said "I have always believed in the power of storytelling to inspire us, to make us think differently about the world around us, and to help us open our minds and hearts to others."<ref>{{cite news |title=Obamas Sign Deal With Netflix, Form 'Higher Ground Productions' |first=Scott |last=Neuman |date=May 22, 2018 |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/22/613246456/obamas-sign-content-deal-with-netlfix-form-higher-ground-productions |website=NPR.org |access-date=September 17, 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Hunter |title=The Obamas Will Produce Movies and Shows for Netflix |url=https://www.vulture.com/2018/05/the-obamas-will-produce-movies-and-shows-for-netflix.html |website=Vulture |access-date=September 17, 2018 |language=en|date=May 21, 2018 }}</ref> Higher Ground's first film, ''[[American Factory]],'' won the [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/13/entertainment/barack-and-michelle-obama-oscars/index.html|title=Barack and Michelle Obama's production company scores first Oscar nomination|last=Gonzalez|first=Sandra|date=January 13, 2020|work=CNN|access-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> On August 16, 2018, Netflix announced a three-year overall deal with ''[[black-ish]]'' creator [[Kenya Barris]]. Under the deal, Barris will produce new series exclusively at Netflix, writing and executive producing all projects through his production company, Khalabo Ink Society.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2018/08/kenya-barris-netflix-big-tv-overall-deal-for-new-series-1202446791/|title=Kenya Barris Officially Joins Netflix With Big TV Overall Deal For New Series|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=August 16, 2018|publisher=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref> On August 27, 2018, Netflix signed a five-year exclusive overall deal with international best–selling author [[Harlan Coben]]. Under the multi-million pact, Netflix will work with Coben to develop 14 existing titles and future projects.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2018/08/harlan-coben-overall-deal-with-netflix-tv-series-movie-adaptations-books-1202452628/|title=Harlan Coben Inks Overall Deal With Netflix For TV Series & Movie Adaptations Of His Books|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=August 27, 2018|publisher=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref> On the same day, the company inked an overall deal with ''[[Gravity Falls]]'' creator [[Alex Hirsch]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2018/08/gravity-falls-creator-alex-hirsch-netflix-overall-deal-1202453142/|title='Gravity Falls' Creator Alex Hirsch Inks Overall Deal With Netflix|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=August 27, 2018|publisher=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref> In November 2018, [[Paramount Pictures]] signed a multi-picture film deal with Netflix as part of [[Viacom (2005–2019)|Viacom]]'s growth strategy, making Paramount the first major film studio to sign a deal with Netflix.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hayes|first1=Dade|title=Paramount and Netflix Set Multi-Picture Film Deal|url=https://www.deadline.com/2018/11/paramount-and-netflix-multi-picture-film-deal-1202503315|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=November 16, 2018|access-date=November 22, 2018}}</ref> A sequel to [[AwesomenessTV|Awesomeness Films]]' ''[[To All the Boys I've Loved Before (film)|To All the Boys I've Loved Before]]'' was released on Netflix under the title ''[[To All the Boys: P.S. I Still Love You]]'' as part of the agreement.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hagey|first1=Keach|last2=Flint|first2=Joe|title=Viacom Plans 'To All the Boys' Sequel for Netflix in Push to Create More Content for Rivals|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/mtv-owners-streaming-strategy-if-you-cant-beat-them-feed-them-1540044000|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=October 20, 2018|access-date=November 22, 2018}}</ref> In January 2019, ''[[Sex Education (TV series)|Sex Education]]'' made its debut as a Netflix original series with much critical acclaim. It was praised for its refreshing take on the teen dramedy genre with honesty, vulnerability, and raunch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2019/01/netflix-sex-education-review/579487/|title=The Thoughtful Raunch of Sex Education|date=January 9, 2019|publisher=The Atlantic|access-date=January 9, 2019}}</ref> In February 2019, it was announced that ''[[The Haunting (TV series)|The Haunting]]'' creator [[Mike Flanagan (filmmaker)|Mike Flanagan]] had joined frequent collaborator Trevor Macy as a partner in [[Intrepid Pictures]], and that the duo had signed an exclusive overall deal with Netflix to produce television content.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2019/02/the-haunting-renewed-season-2-mike-flanagan-trevor-macy-partner-intrepid-pictures-netflix-overall-deal-the-haunting-of-hill-house-1202561592/ |title='The Haunting' Renewed For Season 2 as Mike Flanagan & Trevor Macy Partner in Intrepid Pictures & Ink Netflix Overall Deal |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=February 21, 2019 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=August 15, 2020}}</ref> On May 9, 2019, Netflix made a deal with [[Dark Horse Entertainment]] to make television series and films based on comics from [[Dark Horse Comics]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/netflix-signs-umbrella-academy-publisher-dark-horse-comics-to-first-look-deal/|title=Netflix Signs 'Umbrella Academy' Producer Dark Horse Entertainment to First-Look Deal|website=The Wrap|date=May 9, 2019|access-date=May 9, 2019}}</ref> That same day, Netflix acquired the ''[[StoryBots]]'' children's media franchise as part of a commitment to expand its educational content.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/storybots-creators-expand-childrens-franchise-under-netflix-deal-1209053|title='StoryBots' Creators to Expand Children's Franchise Under Netflix Overall Deal|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 9, 2019|access-date=May 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-storybots-m-a-netflix-idUSKCN1SF1ZK|title=Netflix buys kids show producer StoryBots|date=2019-05-09|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-05-09|language=en}}</ref> In early August 2019, Netflix negotiated an exclusive multi-year film and television deal with ''[[Game of Thrones]]'' creators/showrunners [[David Benioff]] and [[D.B. Weiss]] reportedly worth US$200&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Munzenrieder |first1=Kyle |title=What Will David Benioff and D.B. Weiss Bring to Netflix For $200 Million? |url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/david-benioff-db-weiss-netflix-deal |access-date=November 3, 2019 |work=[[W (magazine)|W]] |date=August 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Statt |first1=Nick |title=Game of Thrones creators sign $200 million Netflix deal to make exclusive shows and films |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/7/20761099/game-of-thrones-david-benioff-db-weiss-netflix-deal-200-million-disney-stars |access-date=November 3, 2019 |work=[[The Verge]] |date=August 7, 2019}}</ref> As a result of their commitments to Netflix, Benioff and Weiss withdrew from an earlier agreement with Disney to write and produce a ''[[Star Wars]]'' film series.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2019/10/star-wars-setback-game-of-thrones-duo-david-benioff-d-b-weiss-exit-trilogy-1202771184/ |title='Star Wars' Setback: 'Game Of Thrones' Duo David Benioff & D.B. Weiss Exit Trilogy |last=Boucher |first=Geoff |date=October 29, 2019 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=October 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Game of Thrones creators Benioff and Weiss drop Star Wars movies for Netflix |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/oct/29/game-of-thrones-creators-benioff-and-weiss-drop-star-wars-movies-for-netflix |access-date=October 29, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=October 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Byford |first1=Sam |title=Game of Thrones showrunners quit Star Wars trilogy to work on Netflix projects |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/29/20937689/benioff-weiss-star-wars-trilogy-cancelled-netflix |access-date=October 29, 2019 |work=[[The Verge]] |date=October 29, 2019}}</ref> The first Netflix production created by Benioff and Weiss will be an adaptation of [[Liu Cixin]]'s science fiction novel ''[[The Three-Body Problem (novel)|The Three-Body Problem]]'' {{clarify|text=and the rest of the ''[[Remembrance of Earth's Past]]'' trilogy|date=December 2020}}.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} On September 30, 2019, in addition to renewing ''Stranger Things'' for a [[Stranger Things (season 4)|fourth season]], Netflix announced it had signed the series’ creators [[The Duffer Brothers]] to a nine-figure deal for additional films and televisions shows over multiple years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/stranger-things-renewed-season-4-at-netflix-duffer-brothers-ink-rich-netflix-deal-1222143 |title=''Stranger Things'' Renewed for Season 4 as Creators Ink Nine-Figure Netflix Deal |first=Leslie |last=Goldberg |date=September 30, 2019 |access-date=September 30, 2019 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> On November 13, 2019, Netflix and [[Nickelodeon]] entered into a multi-year content production agreement to produce several original animated feature films and television series based on Nickelodeon's library of characters, in order to compete with [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]]'s new streaming service [[Disney+]], which had launched the day before. This agreement expanded on their existing relationship, in which new specials based on the past Nickelodeon series ''[[Invader Zim]]'' and ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'' (''[[Invader Zim: Enter the Florpus]]'' and ''[[Rocko's Modern Life: Static Cling]]'' respectively) were released by Netflix. ''[[Glitch Techs]]'' was the first series to be released as part of the new agreement. Other new projects planned under the team-up include a music project featuring [[Squidward Tentacles]] from the animated television series ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'', and films based on ''[[The Loud House]]'' and ''[[Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Netflix and Nickelodeon form multi-year output deal to produce original animated films and series for kids & families around the world |url=https://media.netflix.com/en/press-releases/netflix-and-nickelodeon-form-multi-year-output-deal-to-produce-original-animated-films-and-series-for-kids-families-around-the-world |publisher=Netflix |access-date=November 16, 2019 |date=November 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Brookes |title='SpongeBob' Spinoff Highlights Netflix-Nickelodeon Deal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/13/business/media/netflix-nickelodeon-spongebob-squarepants.html |access-date=November 16, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Slater |first1=Georgina |title=Netflix and Nickelodeon Team Up as Disney+ Lands 10 Million Subscribers One Day After Launch |url=https://people.com/movies/netflix-nickelodeon-team-disney-lands-10-million-subscribers/ |access-date=November 16, 2019 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=November 15, 2019}}</ref> In early March 2020, [[ViacomCBS]] announced that it will be producing two spin-off films based on ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' for Netflix.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mediaplaynews.com/its-a-spongebob-squarepants-vision-at-viacomcbs/|title=It's a ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' World at ViacomCBS|work=[[Home Media Magazine|Media Play News]]|first=Erik|last=Gruenwedel|date=March 4, 2020|access-date=March 5, 2020}}</ref> In January 2020, [[Gwyneth Paltrow]]'s series ''[[The Goop Lab]]'' was added as a Netflix Original. This led to widespread criticism of the streaming company for giving Paltrow a platform to promote her company [[Goop (company)|Goop]], which has been criticized for making unsubstantiated claims about the effectiveness of the health treatments and products it promotes.<ref name=ars-goopseries/><ref name="thedailybeast">{{Cite news|last=Basu|first=Tanya|date=February 5, 2019|title=Docs Are Pissed Netflix Is Giving Gwyneth's Goop a Megaphone|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/scientists-are-pissed-that-netflix-is-legitimizing-gwyneth-paltrows-goop|access-date=April 3, 2019}}</ref><ref name = commentisfree/><ref name="Bundel"/> That same month, [[Gloria Sanchez Productions]] entered a multi-year non-exclusive [[First-look deal|first-look]] television deal with Netflix, and also entered a feature multi-year deal with Paramount Pictures.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fleming |first1=Mike Jr. |title=Gloria Sanchez Partners Will Ferrell & Jessica Elbaum Set Netflix First Look TV Deal, Name Brittney Segal TV Head, David Koplan Film Head |url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/will-ferrell-jessica-elbaum-netflix-tv-deal-gloria-sanchez-brittney-segal-david-koplan-1202840389 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=February 11, 2020 |language=en |date=January 24, 2020}}</ref> On February 25, 2020, Netflix formed partnerships with six Japanese creators to produce an original Japanese anime project. This partnership includes manga creator group CLAMP, mangaka Shin Kibayashi, mangaka Yasuo Ohtagaki, novelist and film director Otsuichi, novelist Tow Ubutaka, and manga creator Mari Yamazaki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-02-25/netflix-partners-with-clamp-and-kindaichi-gundam-thunderbolt-goth-mardock-scramble-thermae-romae-creators-for-new-anime/.156820|title=Netflix Partners With CLAMP & Kindaichi, Gundam Thunderbolt, Goth, Mardock Scramble, Thermae Romae Creators for New Anime|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=February 25, 2020}}</ref> On April 7, 2020, [[Peter Chernin]] and his company [[Chernin Entertainment]] made a multi-year [[first-look deal]] with Netflix to make films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/chernin-entertainment-netflix-sign-first-look-deal-for-film/|title=Chernin Entertainment, Netflix Sign First-Look Deal for Film|date=8 April 2020|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref> In September 2020, it was announced that Netflix signed a multi-million dollar deal with the [[Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex|Duke]] and [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex|Duchess]] of Sussex. Harry and Meghan agreed to a multi-year deal promising to create TV shows, films, and children's content as part of their commitment to stepping away from the duties of the royal family.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Sweney|first1=Mark|last2=Lee|first2=Benjamin|date=2020-09-02|title=Harry and Meghan sign multi-year Netflix deal|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/sep/02/prince-harry-meghan-markle-netflix-deal|access-date=2020-09-02|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-02|title=Netflix Teams With Prince Harry And Meghan Markle For Overall Deal -|url=https://television.mxdwn.com/news/netflix-teams-with-prince-harry-and-meghan-markle-for-overall-deal/|access-date=2020-09-03|website=mxdwn Television|language=en-US}}</ref> In December 2020, Netflix reportedly offered [[Millie Bobby Brown]] a huge first-look deal to develop and star in a number of projects for them including a potential action franchise.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Campbell|first=Scott|date=2020-12-06|title=Netflix Reportedly Offering Millie Bobby Brown A Big First Look Deal|url=http://wegotthiscovered.com/movies/millie-bobby-brown-reportedly-signing-big-deal-netflix/|access-date=2020-12-08|website=We Got This Covered|language=en-US}}</ref> In June 2021, [[Jennifer Lopez]]’s [[Nuyorican Productions]] signed a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix spanning feature films, TV series, and unscripted content, with an emphasis on projects that support diverse female actors, writers, and filmmakers. Lopez co-runs Nuyorican Productions with her producing partner Elaine Goldsmith-Thomas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/jennifer-lopez-nuyorican-netflix-production-deal-1234770575/|title=Jennifer Lopez Inks Multi-Year First-Look Production Deal With Netflix|first1=Anthony|last1=D'Alessandro|date=June 7, 2021}}</ref> On June 21, 2021, it was announced that [[Steven Spielberg]]'s [[Amblin Partners]] signed a deal with Netflix to release multiple new feature films for the streaming service. Under the deal, Amblin is expected to produce at least two films a year for Netflix for an unspecified number of years. It is possible that Spielberg may even direct some of the projects.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lang|first=Brent|date=2021-06-21|title=Steven Spielberg's Amblin Partners, Netflix Forge Film Deal in Sign of Changing Hollywood|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/movies/news/steven-spielberg-e2-80-99s-amblin-partners-netflix-forge-film-deal-in-sign-of-changing-hollywood/ar-AALhkum?ocid=uxbndlbing|access-date=2021-06-21|website=MSN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Spielberg's Amblin inks multiyear feature film deal with Netflix|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2021/06/21/spielbergs-amblin-inks-multi-year-feature-film-deal-with-netflix/|access-date=2021-06-22|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref> On June 17, 2021, Netflix announced it has signed a multi-year overall deal with top comedy writer-producer Danielle Sanchez-Witzel. Under the deal, the first major talent pact since Tracey Pakosta joined Netflix as VP, Original Comedy Series, Sanchez-Witzel will set up her own production banner and focus on original development for series and features in addition to supervising and executive producing other projects.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/danielle-sanchez-witzel-overall-deal-netflix-1234776953/|title=Danielle Sanchez-Witzel Inks Overall Deal With Netflix|first1=Nellie|last1=Andreeva|date=June 17, 2021}}</ref> On June 30, 2021, [[Powerhouse Animation Studios]] (the studio behind Netflix's ''[[Castlevania (TV series)|Castlevania]]'') announced it had signed a first-look deal with the streamer to produce more animated series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/powerhouse-animation-first-look-deal-netflix-castlevania-masters-of-the-universe-1234784152/|title='Castlevania' Animation Studio Powerhouse Inks First-Look Deal With Netflix|first1=Nellie|last1=Andreeva|date=June 30, 2021}}</ref> On July 14, 2021, Netflix announced that [[Joey King]], star of Netflix's ''[[The Kissing Booth]]'' franchise, is expanding her relationship with the streaming giant with a first-look deal. Under the pact, King will produce and develop films For Netflix via her All The King's Horses production company. At 21, King is one of the youngest creatives to strike a deal with a streaming network.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/07/kissing-booth-joey-king-first-look-deal-netflix-1234790906/|title='Kissing Booth' Star Joey King Inks First-Look Deal With Netflix|first1=Denise|last1=Petski|date=July 14, 2021}}</ref> On July 21, 2021, [[Zack Snyder]] (directer of Netflix's ''[[Army of the Dead]]'') announced he had signed his production company [[The Stone Quarry]] to a first-look deal with Netflix.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|date=2021-07-21|title=Zack Snyder's Stone Quarry Productions Signs First-Look Film Deal With Netflix (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/zack-snyder-stone-quarry-productions-signs-first-look-film-deal-netflix-1234986047/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Zack Snyder Signs First-Look Deal With Netflix|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/zack-snyder-first-look-deal-netflix-army-of-the-dead/|access-date=2021-07-22|website=Movies|language=en}}</ref> his upcoming projects for Netflix currently include a sequel to ''Army of the Dead'', sci-fi adventure film ''Rebel Moon'',<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-06|title=Zack Snyder Sets Next Movie, Sci-Fi Adventure 'Rebel Moon', at Netflix (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/zack-snyder-sets-next-movie-sci-fi-adventure-rebel-moon-at-netflix-exclusive-1234978201/|access-date=2021-07-06|website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> and an [[Anime-influenced animation|anime-style]] [[web series]] inspired by [[Norse mythology]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gemmill |first1=Allie |title=Zack Snyder Set to Produce a Netflix Anime Series About Norse Mythology |url=https://collider.com/zack-snyder-netflix-anime-series/ |website=Collider |access-date=January 9, 2021 |date=July 11, 2019}}</ref> As of August 2021, Netflix Originals made up 40% of Netflix's overall library in the United States. <ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix Originals Now Make Up 40% of Netflix US Library|url=https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/news/netflix-originals-now-make-up-40-of-netflix-us-library/|website=What's on Netflix|date=August 16, 2021}}</ref> === Film and television deals === Netflix currently has exclusive [[Pay television|pay TV]] deals with several studios. The pay TV deals give Netflix exclusive streaming rights while adhering to the structures of traditional pay TV terms. Netflix's United States library includes newer releases from [[Relativity Media]] and its former subsidiary [[Rogue Pictures]],<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-netflix-idUSTRE6650Y220100706 Wall Street Journal: Relativity Media Netflix] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002443/https://www.reuters.com/article/2010/07/06/us-netflix-idUSTRE6650Y220100706 |date=January 9, 2015 }}. Retrieved July 6, 2010</ref> as well as [[DreamWorks Animation]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Netflix, DreamWorks Announce Content Deal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/26/business/media/netflix-secures-streaming-deal-with-dreamworks.html?pagewanted=all|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 26, 2011|access-date=September 27, 2011|first1=Brooks|last1=Barnes|first2=Brian|last2=Stelter|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926235135/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/26/business/media/netflix-secures-streaming-deal-with-dreamworks.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> (until May 2018, when the studio signed a new contract with [[Hulu]]),<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/hulu-upfront-20-million-subscribers-dreamworks-animation-1202794753 | title=Hulu Climbs Above 20 Million Subscribers, Inks Major DreamWorks Animation Deal| date=May 2, 2018}}</ref> [[Open Road Films]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/06/open-road-films-signs-pay-tv-deal-with-netflix.html | date=June 28, 2012 | access-date=June 28, 2012 | first=Ben | last=Fritz | work=Los Angeles Times | title=Company Town | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211211227/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/06/open-road-films-signs-pay-tv-deal-with-netflix.html | archive-date=February 11, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> (though this deal expired in 2017; [[Showtime (TV channel)|Showtime]] has assumed pay television rights<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deadline.com/2013/10/open-road-showtime-deal/|title=Open Road Inks Deal to Bring Pics to Showtime|date=October 1, 2013|access-date=December 9, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202907/http://www.deadline.com/2013/10/open-road-showtime-deal/|archive-date=October 29, 2013}}</ref>), [[Universal Animation]] (for animated films declined by [[HBO]]), [[FilmDistrict]],<ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/movies/article/netflix-adds-filmdistrict-its-streaming-service-22925: FilmDistrict Netflix] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804035535/http://www.thewrap.com/movies/article/netflix-adds-filmdistrict-its-streaming-service-22925%3A |date=August 4, 2016 }}. Retrieved July 6, 2010</ref> [[The Weinstein Company]] (whose co-founder, [[Harvey Weinstein]], has been accused of sexual harassment as of 2017 (see [[Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations]]), causing Netflix to withdraw from hosting the [[75th Golden Globe Awards]] with TWC, and ending its Golden Globes partnership with the mini-major film studio<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/netflix-weinstein-golden-globes-1202621699/|title=Netflix Won't Host Golden Globes Party With Weinstein Company|date=November 22, 2017|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130091738/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/netflix-weinstein-golden-globes-1202621699/|archive-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref>),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deadline.com/2012/02/nextflix-lands-pay-tv-rights-to-the-artist-as-part-of-weinstein-co-deal/ |title=Weinstein Co. and Netflix sign a multi-year licensing agreement |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=March 9, 2011 |access-date=February 21, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222130448/http://www.deadline.com/2012/02/nextflix-lands-pay-tv-rights-to-the-artist-as-part-of-weinstein-co-deal/ |archive-date=February 22, 2012 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.deadline.com/2013/08/netflix-weinstein-co-to-reinvent-pay-tv-experience-with-new-multi-year-pact/ Netflix, Weinstein Co To "Reinvent" Pay-TV Experience With New Multi-Year Pact] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821082715/http://www.deadline.com/2013/08/netflix-weinstein-co-to-reinvent-pay-tv-experience-with-new-multi-year-pact/ |date=August 21, 2013 }}. Retrieved August 20, 2013</ref> [[Sony Pictures Animation]],<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/netflix-gets-rights-sony-animation-707134 Netflix Gets Rights to Sony Animation Films] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827193637/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/netflix-gets-rights-sony-animation-707134 |date=August 27, 2016 }}. Retrieved May 27, 2014</ref> and the [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]] (until 2019) catalog. Other distributors who have licensed content to Netflix include Warner Bros., Universal Pictures, [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]] and The Walt Disney Studios (including 20th Century Fox). Netflix also holds current and back-catalog rights to television programs distributed by [[Walt Disney Television]], [[DreamWorks Classics]], [[Kino International (company)|Kino International]], [[Warner Bros. Television]] and [[CBS Television Distribution]], along with titles from other companies such as [[Allspark (company)|Allspark]] (formerly Hasbro Studios), [[Saban Capital Group|Saban Brands]], [[Funimation]], and [[Viz Media]].<ref name="Viz Media.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.viz.com/news/newsroom/1004878|title=VIZ MEDIA EXPANDS RELATIONSHIP WITH NETFLIX TO OFFER POPULAR ANIME TITLES AVAILABLE TO WATCH INSTANTLY FROM NETFLIX|publisher=Viz Media.com|access-date=October 15, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016070254/https://www.viz.com/news/newsroom/1004878|archive-date=October 16, 2017}}</ref> Formerly, the streaming service also held rights to select television programs distributed by [[NBCUniversal Television Distribution]], [[Sony Pictures Television]] and [[20th Century Fox Television]]. Netflix also previously held the rights to select titles from vintage re-distributor [[The Criterion Collection]], but these titles were pulled from Netflix and added to [[Hulu]]'s library.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Netflix loses Criterion films |first=Jeff |last=Chabot |work=HD Report |date=February 18, 2011 |url=http://www.hd-report.com/2011/02/18/netflix-loses-criterion-films/ |access-date=February 18, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221081002/http://www.hd-report.com/2011/02/18/netflix-loses-criterion-films/ |archive-date=February 21, 2011 }}</ref> One of the more significant acquisitions was for the show ''[[Breaking Bad]]'', produced by Sony Pictures Television. Netflix acquired the rights after the show's third season in 2010, at a point where original broadcaster [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]] had expressed the possibility of cancelling the show. Sony pushed Netflix to release ''Breaking Bad'' in time for the fourth season, which as a result, greatly expanded the show's audience on AMC due to new viewers binging on the Netflix past episodes, and doubling the viewership by the time of the fifth season. ''Breaking Bad'' is considered the first such show to have this "Netflix effect".<ref name="thr 20190918">{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/breaking-bad-movie-aaron-paul-series-creator-revisiting-amc-show-1240406 |title='Breaking Bad' Returns: Aaron Paul and Vince Gilligan Take a TV Classic for a Spin in 'El Camino' |first=Rebecca |last=Keegan |date=September 18, 2019 |access-date=September 18, 2019 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> [[Epix]] signed a five-year streaming deal with Netflix. For the initial two years of this agreement, first-run and back-catalog content from Epix was exclusive to Netflix. Epix films came to Netflix 90 days after premiering on Epix. However, the exclusivity clause ended on September 4, 2012, when [[Amazon.com|Amazon]] signed a deal with Epix to distribute its titles via the [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Video]] streaming service.<ref name="C4Wauto-6307406">{{cite web|url=http://adage.com/article/media/amazon-adds-epix-movies-streaming-service/237003/ |title=Amazon Adds Movies to Streaming Service in New Challenge to Netflix |work=[[Advertising Age]] |date=September 4, 2012 |access-date=March 8, 2014 |author=Bloomberg News |publisher=[[Crain Communications]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308085929/http://adage.com/article/media/amazon-adds-epix-movies-streaming-service/237003/ |archive-date=March 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> These include films from Paramount, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Lionsgate.<ref name="USAToday-7407027">{{cite news|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/technologylive/post/2010/08/epix-netflix-announce-deal-to-stream-movies-/1?csp=34tech |title=Epix, Netflix announce deal to stream movies |work=USA Today |date=August 10, 2010 |publisher=[[Gannett Company|Gannett]] |location=Tysons Corner, VA |issn=0734-7456 |access-date=March 8, 2014 |first=Nancy |last=Blair |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308091117/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/technologylive/post/2010/08/epix-netflix-announce-deal-to-stream-movies-/1?csp=34tech |archive-date=March 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Reuters-8762026">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-viacom-idUSBRE8420KJ20120503 |title=Viacom profit beats, but Nickelodeon worries loom |work=[[Reuters]] |date=May 3, 2012 |location=London |access-date=March 8, 2014 |editor1-first=Gerald E. |editor1-last=McCormick |editor2-first=Lisa |editor2-last=Von Ahn |first=Yinka |last=Adegoke |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308105003/https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/03/us-viacom-idUSBRE8420KJ20120503 |archive-date=March 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 1, 2011, [[Starz (TV channel)|Starz]] ceased talks with Netflix to renew their streaming arrangement. As a result, Starz's library of films and series were removed from Netflix on February 28, 2012. Titles available on DVD were not affected and can still be acquired from Netflix via its [[DVD-by-mail]] service.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904583204576545051871923760|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|title=Starz to Split From Netflix|access-date=September 1, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109071027/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904583204576545051871923760|archive-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> However, select films broadcast on Starz continue to be available on Netflix under license from their respective television distributors. Netflix also negotiated to distribute animated films from Universal that HBO declined to acquire, such as ''[[The Lorax (film)|The Lorax]]'', ''[[ParaNorman]]'', and ''[[Minions (film)|Minions]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/netflix-ted-sarandos-discusses-disney-deal-398156 |title=Netflix's Ted Sarandos Calls Disney Content Deal a 'Game Changer' |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=December 5, 2012 |access-date=July 2, 2013 |first=Georg |last=Szalai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825083624/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/netflix-ted-sarandos-discusses-disney-deal-398156 |archive-date=August 25, 2013 }}</ref> On August 23, 2012, Netflix and The Weinstein Company signed a multi-year output deal for RADiUS-TWC films.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldonline.com/2012/08/23/4208027/netflix-and-radius-twc-announce.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826120807/http://www.heraldonline.com/2012/08/23/4208027/netflix-and-radius-twc-announce.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 26, 2012 |title=Netflix And RADiUS-TWC Announce Multi-Year Output Deal in the United States To Bring Diverse Slate To Widest Possible Audience |publisher=.heraldonline.com |date=August 23, 2012 |access-date=August 23, 2012 }}</ref> Later that year, on December 4, Netflix and Disney announced an exclusive multi-year agreement for first-run United States subscription television rights to Walt Disney Studios' animated and live-action films, which were available on Netflix beginning in 2016. However, classics such as ''[[Dumbo]]'', ''[[Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' and ''[[Pocahontas (1995 film)|Pocahontas]]'' were instantly available upon completion of the deal.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505124_162-57557111/netflix-outbids-premium-tv-for-rights-to-disney-movies/ Netflix outbids premium TV for rights to Disney movies] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524050100/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505124_162-57557111/netflix-outbids-premium-tv-for-rights-to-disney-movies/ |date=May 24, 2013 }}. Retrieved December 4, 2012.</ref> [[Direct-to-video]] releases were made available in 2013.<ref>[https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118063070 Disney inks exclusive licensing deal with Netflix] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209062000/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118063070 |date=February 9, 2013 }}. effective December 31, 2012.</ref><ref>[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/19/disney-movies-online-shutting-down_n_2160631.html 'Disney Movies Online' Store, Site Shutting Down] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122145832/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/19/disney-movies-online-shutting-down_n_2160631.html |date=January 22, 2016 }}. Retrieved December 4, 2012</ref> The agreement with Disney ended in 2019 due to the launch of [[Disney+]]. Netflix retains the rights to continue streaming the Marvel series that were produced for the service.<ref name="cnet.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/marvel-and-star-wars-films-will-ditch-netflix-for-disney/|title=Marvel and Star Wars films will ditch Netflix for Disney's own service|publisher=CNET|access-date=September 7, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907190259/https://www.cnet.com/news/marvel-and-star-wars-films-will-ditch-netflix-for-disney/|archive-date=September 7, 2017}}</ref> With the [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|Disney-Fox merger]], movie and TV titles from 20th Century Fox will likely follow suit after their deal with Netflix expires,<ref name="FoxDisneyPressRelease">{{cite press release|url=https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/walt-disney-company-acquire-twenty-first-century-fox-inc-spinoff-certain-businesses-52-4-billion-stock-2/|title=The Walt Disney Company To Acquire Twenty-First Century Fox, Inc., After Spinoff Of Certain Businesses, For $52.4 Billion in Stock|publisher=[[The Walt Disney Company]]|date=December 14, 2017|access-date=December 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214141817/https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/walt-disney-company-acquire-twenty-first-century-fox-inc-spinoff-certain-businesses-52-4-billion-stock-2/|archive-date=December 14, 2017|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> except ''[[Two Lovers and a Bear]]'' and ''[[The Woman in the Window (2021 film)|The Woman in the Window]]'' which Netflix will likely retain worldwide streaming rights to as Fox and Netflix jointly acquired the US distribution rights to ''Two Lovers and a Bear'', and Netflix acquired worldwide distribution rights to ''The Woman in the Window'' from [[20th Century Studios]].<ref name="auto"/><ref name="LastFox2000Film">{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/08/netflix-acquiring-the-woman-in-the-window-amy-adams-disney-fox-2000-elizabeth-gabler-project-joe-wright-1203002581/|title=Netflix Negotiating For 'The Woman In The Window' With Amy Adams; Last Fox 2000 Elizabeth Gabler Project Will Be Let Go By Disney|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Mike Jr.|last=Fleming|date=August 3, 2020|access-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref> Time Warner CEO [[Jeff Bewkes]] in 2011 welcomed Netflix's ability to monetize older content that was previously not generating money for media companies.<ref>{{cite web |author=Phillips, Matt |website=Wall Street Journal blog |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/marketbeat/2011/05/04/time-warner-chief-things-like-netflix-are-welcome-additions/ |title=Time Warner Chief: 'Things Like Netflix are Welcome Additions' |date=May 4, 2011 |access-date=September 19, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907123433/http://blogs.wsj.com/marketbeat/2011/05/04/time-warner-chief-things-like-netflix-are-welcome-additions/ |archive-date=September 7, 2011 }}</ref> On January 14, 2013, Netflix signed an agreement with [[WarnerMedia|Time Warner]]'s [[Turner Broadcasting System]] and Warner Bros. Television to distribute [[Cartoon Network]], [[Warner Bros. Animation]], and [[Adult Swim]] content, as well as [[TNT (American TV network)|TNT]]'s ''[[Dallas (2012 TV series)|Dallas]]'', beginning in March 2013. The rights to these programs, previously held by Amazon Video, were given to Netflix shortly after deals with [[Viacom (2005–2019)|Viacom]] to stream [[Nickelodeon]] and [[Nick Jr.]] programs expired.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57563850-93/netflix-scores-deals-with-turner-warner-bros/ |title=Netflix scores deals with Turner, Warner Bros. |publisher=CNET |date=January 14, 2013 |access-date=January 14, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116092658/http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57563850-93/netflix-scores-deals-with-turner-warner-bros/ |archive-date=January 16, 2013 }}</ref> However, Cartoon Network's ratings dropped by 10% in households that had Netflix, and so many of the shows from that channel and Adult Swim were removed in March 2015.<ref name="businessinsider.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/netflix-everything-leaving-in-march-2015-2 |title=Netflix everything leaving in March |website=Business Insider |date=February 25, 2015 |access-date=August 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913015953/http://www.businessinsider.com/netflix-everything-leaving-in-march-2015-2 |archive-date=September 13, 2016 }}</ref> Most of these shows were added to Hulu in May of the same year.<ref name="YouTube">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QjZrrCk4SU |title=Shows from Cartoon Network on Hulu! |via=YouTube |date=May 30, 2015 |access-date=August 28, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203145219/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QjZrrCk4SU |archive-date=December 3, 2016 }}</ref> Netflix also began to acquire distribution rights to third-party films in 2017 into 2018. One of its first acquisitions was the film ''[[The Cloverfield Paradox]]'', which Netflix had acquired from [[Paramount Pictures]] in early 2018, and launched on its service on February 4, 2018, shortly after airing its first trailer during [[Super Bowl LII]]. While the film was critically panned, analysts believed that Netflix's purchase of the film helped to make the film instantly profitable for Paramount compared to a more traditional theatrical release, while Netflix benefited from the surprise reveal.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/netflix-talks-acquire-cloverfield-sequel-paramount-1077752 |title=Netflix in Talks to Acquire 'Cloverfield' Sequel From Paramount |last=Kit |first=Borys |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=January 23, 2018 |access-date=January 24, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124064614/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/netflix-talks-acquire-cloverfield-sequel-paramount-1077752 |archive-date=January 24, 2018 }}</ref><ref name="thr cloverfield">{{cite web | url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/netflix-paid-paramount-more-50-million-cloverfield-paradox-1082305 | title = Sources: Netflix Paid Paramount More Than $50 Million for 'Cloverfield Paradox' | first1 = Borys | last1 = Kit | first2 = Pamela | last2 = McClintonk | date = February 6, 2018 | access-date = February 6, 2018 | work = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180207021339/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/netflix-paid-paramount-more-50-million-cloverfield-paradox-1082305 | archive-date = February 7, 2018 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Other films acquired by Netflix include international distribution for Paramount's ''[[Annihilation (film)|Annihilation]]''<ref name="thr cloverfield"/> and Universal's ''[[News of the World (film)|News of the World]]'' and worldwide distribution of Universal's ''[[Extinction (2018 film)|Extinction]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url = https://variety.com/2018/film/news/netflix-buys-michael-pena-lizzy-caplan-thriller-extinction-1202692114/ | title = Netflix Buys Michael Pena-Lizzy Caplan Thriller 'Extinction' From Universal | first = Dave | last = McNary | date = February 8, 2018 | access-date = February 8, 2018 | work = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180208205735/http://variety.com/2018/film/news/netflix-buys-michael-pena-lizzy-caplan-thriller-extinction-1202692114/ | archive-date = February 8, 2018 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Warner Bros.' ''[[Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle]]''<ref name="MowgliNetflix">{{cite news|last1=Fleming |first1=Mike Jr.|title=Netflix Acquires Andy Serkis-Directed 'Mowgli' From Warner Bros & Plans 2019 Global Streaming Release|url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/netflix-mowgli-deal-andy-serkis-jungle-book-warner-bros-christian-bale-cate-blanchett-benedict-cumberbatch-1202434903/|access-date=July 27, 2018|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 27, 2018}}</ref> and Paramount's ''[[The Lovebirds (2020 film)|The Lovebirds]]''. On April 8, 2021, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced an agreement for Netflix to hold the U.S. pay television window rights to its releases beginning 2022, replacing Starz and expanding upon an existing agreement with [[Sony Pictures Animation]]. The agreement also includes a first-look deal for any future direct-to-streaming films being produced by Sony Pictures, with Netflix required to commit to a minimum number of them.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hayes|first=Dade|date=2021-04-08|title=Netflix And Sony Break Ground With Film Licensing Deal Replacing Starz Pact, Including First Look At New Direct-To-Streaming Titles|url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/netflix-sony-pictures-licensing-deal-streaming-starz-spider-man-1234730124/|access-date=2021-04-08|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first1=Matt|last1=Donnelly|first2=Cynthia|last2=Littleton|date=2021-04-08|title=Sony Pictures Moves Movie Output Deal From Starz to Netflix in Rich Pact|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/netflix-sony-pictures-pay-1-starz-output-1234946413/|access-date=2021-04-08|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Producers and distributors ==== The following only applies to the United States. Listed companies may still or may not have licensing agreements with Netflix in other territories. ==== Current ==== {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * [[9 Story Media Group]] * [[Aardman Animations]] * [[Aniplex of America]] * [[Big Idea Entertainment]] * [[Bleecker Street (company)|Bleecker Street]] * [[Boat Rocker Media]] * [[Cake Entertainment]] * [[Chernin Entertainment]] * [[Cinemax]] * [[Constantin Film]] * [[DreamWorks Animation]] * [[Entertainment One]] * [[Epic Pictures Group|Epic Pictures]] * [[ErosSTX]] * [[FilmRise]] * [[Frederator Studios]] * [[Fox Entertainment]] * [[Funimation]] * [[Gaumont Film Company]] * [[Hasbro]] * [[Kino International (company)|Kino International]] * [[Lionsgate]] * [[Magnolia Pictures]] * [[Mattel]] * [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] * [[NBCUniversal]] * [[Nelvana]] * [[Nordisk Film]] * [[Open Road Films]] * [[Oscilloscope (company)|Oscilloscope Laboratories]] * [[Rat Pack Filmproduktion]] * [[Red Chillies Entertainment]] * [[Relativity Media]] * [[Saban Capital Group|Saban Brands]] * [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic]] * [[Shout! Factory]] * [[Skydance Media]] * [[Studio 100]] * [[Sony Pictures]] * [[TBS (American TV channel)|TBS]] * [[Titmouse, Inc.]] * [[The Pokémon Company]] * [[ViacomCBS]] * [[Viz Media]]<ref name="Viz Media.com"/> * [[WarnerMedia]] * [[WildBrain]] * [[Wow Unlimited Media]] * [[Xilam]] {{div col end}} ==== Former ==== {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * [[BBC Earth]]<ref>{{cite web|title=BBC Earth Library Leaving Netflix in December 2019|url=https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/leaving-soon/bbc-earth-library-leaving-netflix-in-december-2019/|website=What's on Netflix|date=November 3, 2019}}</ref> * [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]]<ref name="cnet.com"/> * [[Turner Broadcasting System]]: [[Adult Swim]] and [[TNT (American TV network)|TNT]]<ref name="businessinsider.com"/> * [[PBS Kids]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2016/digital/news/pbs-kids-amazon-streaming-video-1201807289/|title=Amazon Snags Exclusive SVOD Rights to Large Chunk of PBS Kids Series|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=1 July 2016|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref> {{div col end}} === Interactive content === Netflix has released some content that is interactive on certain devices,<ref name="List of Interactive Titles on Netflix">{{Cite web|url=https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/library/interactive-titles-on-netflix/|title=List of Interactive Titles on Netflix - What's on Netflix|website=What's on Netflix|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref><ref name="List of All the Interactive Shows on Netflix UK">{{Cite web|url=https://uk.newonnetflix.info/interactive|title=List of All the Interactive Shows on Netflix UK - NewOnNetflixUK|website=NewOnNetflixUK|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref> allowing the user to make choices that change the story and accompanying video track: {| class="wikitable sortable" id="softwarelist" !Title !Type !Released |- |''[[Black Mirror: Bandersnatch]]'' |Film<ref name="Black Mirror: Bandersnatch">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/gb/title/80988062|title=Black Mirror: Bandersnatch &#124; Netflix Official Site|website=Netflix|access-date=2020-06-03}}</ref> |{{dts|2018|12|28}} |- |''[[The Boss Baby: Back in Business|The Boss Baby: Get That Baby!]]'' |Animation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/toddle-up-the-corporate-ladder-in-boss-baby-get-that-baby-interactive-netflix-special/|title=Toddle Up the Corporate Ladder in 'Boss Baby: Get That Baby!' Interactive Netflix Special|work=[[Animation Magazine]]|first=Mercedes|last=Milligan|date=August 17, 2020|access-date=September 14, 2020}}</ref> |{{dts|2020|09|01}} |- |''[[Buddy Thunderstruck#Interactive special (2017)|Buddy Thunderstruck: The Maybe Pile]]'' |Animation<ref name="Buddy Thunderstruck: The Maybe Pile">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/gb/title/80149064|title=Buddy Thunderstruck: The Maybe Pile &#124; Netflix Official Site|website=Netflix|access-date=2020-06-03}}</ref> |{{dts|2017|07|14}} |- |''[[The Epic Tales of Captain Underpants|Captain Underpants Epic Choice-o-Rama]]'' |Animation<ref name="Captain Underpants Epic Choice-o-Rama">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/gb/title/81019938|title=Captain Underpants Epic Choice-o-Rama &#124; Netflix Official Site|website=Netflix|access-date=2020-06-03}}</ref> |{{dts|2020|02|11}}<ref name="Captain Underpants: Epic Choice-o-rama (TV Short 2020)">{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11604750/|title=Captain Underpants: Epic Choice-o-rama (TV Short 2020) - IMDb|website=IMDb|date=February 11, 2020|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref> |- |''[[Carmen Sandiego: To Steal or Not to Steal]]'' |Animation<ref name="Carmen Sandiego: To Steal or Not to Steal">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/gb/title/80994695|title=Carmen Sandiego: To Steal or Not to Steal &#124; Netflix Official Site|website=Netflix|access-date=2020-06-03}}</ref> |{{dts|2020|03|10}}<ref name="Carmen Sandiego: To Steal or Not to Steal (2020)">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/carmen_sandiego_to_steal_or_not_to_steal|title=Carmen Sandiego: To Steal or Not to Steal (2020) - Rotten Tomatoes|website=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref> |- |[[Headspace (company)|''Headspace: Unwind Your Mind'']] |Documentary<ref>{{Cite web|title=Netflix's next interactive show is a mindfulness experience from Headspace|url=https://www.engadget.com/netflix-headspace-unwind-your-mind-june-15-170552142.html|access-date=2021-07-29|website=Engadget|language=en-US}}</ref> |June 15, 2021 |- |''[[Minecraft: Story Mode]]'' |Animation<ref name="Minecraft: Story Mode">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/gb/title/80227995|title=Minecraft: Story Mode &#124; Netflix Official Site|website=Netflix|access-date=2020-06-03}}</ref> |{{dts|2018|11|27}} |- |''[[The Adventures of Puss in Boots|Puss in Boots: Trapped in an Epic Tale]]'' |Animation<ref name="Puss in Book: Trapped in an Epic Tale">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/gb/title/80151644|title=Puss in Book: Trapped in an Epic Tale &#124; Netflix Official Site|website=Netflix|access-date=2020-06-03}}</ref> |{{dts|2017|06|20}} |- |''[[Spirit Riding Free|Spirit Riding Free: Ride Along Adventure]]'' |Animal Tales<ref name="Spirit Riding Free: Ride Along Adventure">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/gb/title/81054415|title=Spirit Riding Free: Ride Along Adventure &#124; Netflix Official Site|website=Netflix|access-date=2021-01-02}}</ref> |{{dts|2020|12|08}} |- |''[[Stretch Armstrong and the Flex Fighters|Stretch Armstrong: The Breakout]]'' |Animation<ref name="Stretch Armstrong: The Breakout">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/gb/title/80135585|title=Stretch Armstrong: The Breakout &#124; Netflix Official Site|website=Netflix|access-date=2020-06-03}}</ref> |{{dts|2018|03|13}} |- |''[[Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt|Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt: Kimmy vs. the Reverend]]'' |Sitcom<ref name="Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt: Kimmy vs. the Reverend">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/gb/title/81131714|title=Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt: Kimmy vs. the Reverend &#124; Netflix Official Site|website=Netflix|access-date=2020-06-03}}</ref> |{{dts|2020|05|12}}<ref name="Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt: Kimmy vs the Reverend (TV Movie 2020)">{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10324166/|title=Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt: Kimmy vs the Reverend (TV Movie 2020) - IMDb|website=IMDb|date=May 12, 2020|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref> |- |''[[You vs. Wild]]'' |Series<ref name="You vs. Wild">{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/gb/title/80227574|title=You vs. Wild: The Breakout &#124; Netflix Official Site|website=Netflix|access-date=2020-06-03}}</ref> |{{dts|2019|04|10}} |} In June 2018, Netflix announced a partnership with [[Telltale Games]] to port its [[adventure game]]s to the service in a streaming video format. The games would be adapted to be similar to the existing interactive narrative stories that Netflix already offers, allowing simple controls through a television remote. The first such game, ''[[Minecraft: Story Mode]]'', was expected to be released later in the year, and Telltale also received rights to produce a video game adaptation of ''[[Stranger Things]]'' for conventional gaming platforms.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.techradar.com/news/netflix-to-add-games-to-its-service-including-stranger-things-and-minecraft | title = Exclusive: Netflix to add games to its service, including Minecraft: Story Mode | first = Nick | last = Pino | date = June 13, 2018 | access-date = June 13, 2018 | work = [[TechRadar]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cnet.com/news/netflix-partners-with-telltale-games-for-interactive-adventures/ | title = No, Netflix isn't going to stream Minecraft video games | first1 = Joan | last1 = Solsman | first2 = Lori | last2 = Grunin | date = June 13, 2018 | access-date = June 13, 2018 | publisher = [[CNET]] }}</ref> In September 2018, Telltale underwent a "majority studio closure" and laid off nearly its entire staff beyond a skeleton crew of 25 employees, citing a loss of funding. Netflix stated that while the ''Minecraft: Story Mode'' port would go on, the company was seeking alternate options for the ''Stranger Things'' project.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/24/business/telltale-video-games-layoffs.html | title = Telltale, Acclaimed Maker of Story-Based Video Games, Lays Off Most of Its Staff | first = Justin | last = Bailey | date = September 24, 2018 | access-date = September 24, 2018 | website = [[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.polygon.com/2018/9/24/17896054/netflix-stranger-things-telltale-game-update | title = Netflix to still produce Stranger Things game despite Telltale collapse | website = Polygon | access-date = October 1, 2018| date = September 24, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.gamespot.com/articles/what-happened-with-telltale-games-heres-a-timeline/1100-6462046/ | title = What Happened With Telltale Games? Here's A Timeline Of Important Events | website = Gamespot | access-date = October 1, 2018}}</ref> Netflix hired Mike Verdu, a former executive from [[Electronic Arts]] and [[Facebook]], as vice president of game development in July 2021. ''[[Bloomberg News]]'' reported that this coincided with plans for Netflix to expand their service into video games by 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-14/netflix-plans-to-offer-video-games-in-expansion-beyond-films-tv | title = Netflix Plans to Offer Video Games in Push Beyond Films, TV | first1 = Lucas | last1= Shaw | first2= Mark | last2= Gurman | date = July 14, 2021 | accessdate = July 14, 2021 | work = [[Bloomberg News]] }}</ref> In their quarterly reporting that month, Netflix affirmed they would soon be releasing [[mobile gaming|mobile games]] which would be included in subscribers' plans to the service.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.theverge.com/2021/7/20/22585802/netflix-gaming-mobile-subscription-earnings | title = Netflix's gaming expansion starts with mobile | first = Jay | last = Peters | date = July 20, 2021 | accessdate = July 20, 2021 | work = [[The Verge]] }}</ref> == Device support and technical details == {{Main|List of Netflix-compatible devices}} {{See also|Technical details of Netflix}} Netflix can be accessed via an [[internet browser]] on PCs, while Netflix apps are available on various platforms, including [[Blu-ray Disc]] players, [[tablet computer]]s, mobile phones, [[smart TV]]s, [[digital media player]]s, and [[video game console]]s (including [[Xbox One]], [[Xbox Series X/S]], [[PlayStation 4]], [[PlayStation 5]], [[Wii U]], [[Xbox 360]], and the [[PlayStation 3]]). The [[Wii]] and the [[PlayStation 2]] were formerly compatible with Netflix as well. In addition, a growing number of [[multichannel television]] providers, including cable television and [[IPTV]] services, have also added Netflix apps accessible within their own [[set-top box]]es, sometimes with the ability for its content (along with those of other online video services) to be presented within a unified search interface alongside linear television programming as an "all-in-one" solution.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2013/10/netflix-cable-box/|title=Netflix Is Coming Soon to Your TV Through Your Cable Box|last=McMillan|first=Graeme|date=October 17, 2013|work=Wired|access-date=April 28, 2019|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2014/04/netflix-cable/|title=Netflix Is Getting Its Own Cable Channel|last=Lapowsky|first=Issie|date=April 25, 2014|work=Wired|access-date=April 28, 2019|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/7/16747918/verizon-fios-netflix-set-top-cable-box-integration-test|title=Verizon Fios quietly adds Netflix integration to three set-top box models|last=Statt|first=Nick|date=December 7, 2017|website=The Verge|access-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-27/how-cable-companies-learned-to-love-netflix-or-hulu-and-chill|title=How Cable Companies Learned to Love Netflix (or Hulu) and Chill Out|website=Bloomberg|access-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> 4K streaming requires a 4K-compatible device and display, both supporting [[HDCP]] 2.2. 4K streaming on personal computers requires hardware and software support of the Microsoft [[PlayReady]] 3.0 [[digital rights management]] solution, which requires a compatible CPU, graphics card, and software environment. Currently, this feature is limited to [[Kaby Lake|7th generation]] [[Intel Core]] or later CPUs, [[Windows 10]], [[Nvidia]] [[GeForce 10 series]] and AMD [[AMD Radeon 400 series|Radeon 400 series]] or later graphics cards, and running through [[Microsoft Edge]] web browser, or the Netflix [[universal app]] available on [[Microsoft Store (digital)|Microsoft Store]].<ref name="pcw-playready4k">{{cite web|title=All about PlayReady 3.0, Microsoft's secret plan to lock down 4K movies to your PC|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2908089/all-about-playready-30-microsofts-secret-plan-to-lock-down-4k-movies-to-your-pc.html|website=PC World|access-date=February 15, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055049/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2908089/all-about-playready-30-microsofts-secret-plan-to-lock-down-4k-movies-to-your-pc.html|archive-date=February 16, 2017|date=April 24, 2015}}</ref><ref name="techradar-4k">{{cite web|title=How to watch Netflix in UHD|url=http://www.techradar.com/how-to/television/how-to-watch-netflix-in-uhd-1299538|website=Techradar|date=August 28, 2015|access-date=February 15, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216051608/http://www.techradar.com/how-to/television/how-to-watch-netflix-in-uhd-1299538|archive-date=February 16, 2017}}</ref><ref name="ars-netflix4k">{{cite web|title=Netflix 4K streaming comes to the PC—but it needs Kaby Lake CPU|url=https://arstechnica.co.uk/gadgets/2016/11/netflix-4k-streaming-pc-kaby-lake-cpu-windows-10-edge-browser/|website=Ars Technica|access-date=February 15, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216053614/https://arstechnica.co.uk/gadgets/2016/11/netflix-4k-streaming-pc-kaby-lake-cpu-windows-10-edge-browser/|archive-date=February 16, 2017|date=November 22, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Nvidia">{{cite web|title=Preview of 4K UHD Netflix content on NVIDIA GPUs|url=http://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/4457/~/preview-of-4k-uhd-netflix-content-on-nvidia-gpus|website=Nvidiacusthelp|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref><ref name="AMD">{{cite web|last1=Oh|first1=Nate|title=AMD 18.4.1 Driver Brings Beta PlayReady 3.0 Support for Polaris; Support for Vega GPUs & APUs Still to Come|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/12720/amd-1841-driver-brings-beta-playready-30-support-for-polaris-support-for-vega-gpus-apus-still-to-come|website=AnandTech|access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref> == International expansion == {{Main|International expansion of Netflix}} [[File:Netflix area.svg|thumb|300x300px|Availability of Netflix, as of January 2016:{{legend|#B00000|Available}}{{legend|#000000|Not available}}]] [[File:Netflix at Thong Lor.jpg|thumb|Netflix advertising at [[Thong Lo BTS station]], Bangkok]] {| class="wikitable" |- !2007 |Netflix began streaming in the United States. |- !2010 |The company first began offering streaming service to the international market on September 22, 2010, in Canada.<ref name="Canada Stumble">{{cite web|last1=Star Staff|last2=Canadian Press|title=Netflix stumbles as it launches in Canada|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2010/09/22/netflix_stumbles_as_it_launches_in_canada.html|work=Toronto Star|access-date=December 3, 2014|date=September 10, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209182028/http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2010/09/22/netflix_stumbles_as_it_launches_in_canada.html|archive-date=December 9, 2014}}</ref> |- !2011 |Netflix expanded its streaming service to Latin America, the [[Caribbean]], [[Belize]] and the [[Guianas]].<ref name="LA Expansion">{{cite web|last1=Pepitone|first1=Julianne|title=Netflix expands to 43 new countries|url=https://money.cnn.com/2011/07/05/technology/netflix_international/|publisher=CNN|access-date=December 1, 2014|date=July 5, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210045034/http://money.cnn.com/2011/07/05/technology/netflix_international/|archive-date=December 10, 2014}}</ref> |- !2012 |Netflix started its expansion to Europe in 2012, launching in the United Kingdom and Ireland on January 4.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news| title = Netflix launches UK film and TV streaming service| date = January 9, 2012| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16467432| access-date = January 9, 2012| work = BBC News| url-status=live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120109175608/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16467432| archive-date = January 9, 2012| df = mdy-all}}</ref> By October 18 it had expanded to [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]].<ref name="prnewswire.com">{{cite press release| title = Netflix Launches in Sweden, Denmark, Norway And Finland| date = October 18, 2012| url = http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/netflix-launches-in-sweden-denmark-norway-and-finland-174749581.html| access-date = November 14, 2014| agency = PR Newswire| url-status=live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141127211314/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/netflix-launches-in-sweden-denmark-norway-and-finland-174749581.html| archive-date = November 27, 2014| df = mdy-all}}</ref> |- !2013 |The company decided to slow expansion to control subscription costs.<ref name="6 March 2014">{{cite magazine|last1=Wallenstein|first1=Andrew|title=Netflix 2014 European Expansion: A Look Ahead|url=https://variety.com/2014/digital/news/netflix-makes-plans-to-move-into-europe-but-it-faces-fights-from-local-competitors-1201125910/|magazine=Variety|access-date=December 1, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219234633/http://variety.com/2014/digital/news/netflix-makes-plans-to-move-into-europe-but-it-faces-fights-from-local-competitors-1201125910/|archive-date=December 19, 2014}}</ref> It only expanded to the [[Netherlands]]. |- !2014 |Netflix became available in [[Austria]], [[Belgium]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Luxembourg]], and [[Switzerland]].<ref name="Netflix Media Centre">{{cite press release| title = Netflix now in France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium and Luxembourg | date = September 18, 2014| url = https://pr.netflix.com/WebClient/getNewsSummary.do?newsId=1593| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140919042118/https://pr.netflix.com/WebClient/getNewsSummary.do?newsId=1593| url-status=dead| archive-date = September 19, 2014| access-date = November 14, 2014|work=Netflix Media Center}}</ref> |- !2015 |Netflix expanded to Australia and [[New Zealand]], Japan,<ref name="Netflix Aus and NZ">{{cite press release| title = Netflix to launch in Australia and New Zealand in March 2015 | date = November 18, 2014| url = https://pr.netflix.com/WebClient/getNewsSummary.do?newsId=1751| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141129032333/https://pr.netflix.com/WebClient/getNewsSummary.do?newsId=1751| url-status=dead| archive-date = November 29, 2014| access-date = November 20, 2014|work=Netflix Media Center}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/hometech/how-the-australian-netflix-differs-from-the-us-service-20150323-1m60g8.html|title=How the Australian Netflix differs from the US service|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=March 24, 2015|access-date=March 24, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324032158/http://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/hometech/how-the-australian-netflix-differs-from-the-us-service-20150323-1m60g8.html|archive-date=March 24, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Netflix Japan">{{cite press release| title = Netflix to launch in Japan this fall | date = February 4, 2015| url = https://pr.netflix.com/WebClient/getNewsSummary.do?newsId=1871 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150205005245/https://pr.netflix.com/WebClient/getNewsSummary.do?newsId=1871 | url-status=dead | archive-date = February 5, 2015 | access-date = February 5, 2015|work=Netflix Media Center}}</ref> Italy, [[Portugal]], and Spain.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramos |first=João |date=June 6, 2015 |title=Portugal terá Netflix em Outubro |trans-title=Portugal will have Netflix in October |url=http://leitor.expresso.pt/#library/expresso/semanario2223/economia-2223/temas/portugal-tera-netflix-em-outubro |language=pt |issue=2223 |newspaper=[[Expresso (Portugal)|Expresso]] |location=Paço de Arcos |publisher=Impresa Publishing |pages=E20–E21 |access-date=May 14, 2018 |url-access=subscription |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813183747/http://leitor.expresso.pt/#library%2Fexpresso%2Fsemanario2223%2Feconomia-2223%2Ftemas%2Fa-internet-das-coisas-pode-fazer-disparar-o-pib-mundial |archive-date=August 13, 2017 }}</ref> |- !2016 |Netflix announced at the [[Consumer Electronics Show]] in January 2016 that it had become available worldwide except [[China]], [[Syria]], [[North Korea]] and the territory of [[Crimea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2016/01/09/ces-2016-reed-hastings-on-the-future-of-netflix.aspx|title=CES 2016: Reed Hastings on the Future of Netflix|publisher=[[The Motley Fool]]|first=Daniel B.|last=Kline|date=January 9, 2016|access-date=April 14, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413220455/http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2016/01/09/ces-2016-reed-hastings-on-the-future-of-netflix.aspx|archive-date=April 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35247309|title=CES 2016: Netflix extends its service to almost all the world|work=BBC News|first=Leo|last=Kelion|date=January 6, 2016|access-date=April 14, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426113532/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35247309|archive-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref> |- !2017 |In April 2017, Netflix confirmed it had reached a licensing deal in [[China]] for original Netflix content with [[IQiyi]], a Chinese video streaming platform owned by [[Baidu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/25/netflix-china-iqiyi/|title=Netflix enters China via licensing deal with top video streaming service iQiyi|last=Russell|first=Jon|website=TechCrunch|access-date=April 26, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426023043/https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/25/netflix-china-iqiyi/|archive-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> |} {{As of|October 2020}}, Netflix officially supports 30 languages for [[user interface]] and [[customer support]] purposes: Arabic ([[Modern Standard Arabic|Modern Standard]]), Chinese ([[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified]] and [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional]]), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian ([[Bokmål]]), Polish, Portuguese ([[Brazilian Portuguese|Brazilian]] and [[European Portuguese|European]]), Romanian, Russian, Spanish ([[European Spanish]] and [[Spanish language in the Americas|Latin American]]), Swahili, Swedish, Thai, Turkish and Vietnamese.<ref name="Netflix Language Preferences">{{cite web|title=Netflix Language Preferences|url=https://www.netflix.com/LanguagePreferences|website=netflix.com|access-date=August 21, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=APA KABAR INDONESIA? NETFLIX CAN NOW SPEAK BAHASA INDONESIA |url=https://media.netflix.com/en/press-releases/apa-kabar-indonesia-netflix-can-now-speak-bahasa-indonesia |website=Netflix Media Center |access-date=October 18, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Netflix is now available in Hindi |url=https://media.netflix.com/en/press-releases/netflix-is-now-available-in-hindi |website=Netflix Media Center |access-date=21 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Netflix has encountered political controversy after its global expansion and for some of its international productions, including ''[[The Mechanism (TV series)|The Mechanism]]'', ''[[Fauda]]'' and ''[[Amo (TV series)|Amo]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roxborough |first1=Scott |last2=Ritman |first2=Alex |title=As Netflix Goes Global, Can It Avoid Regional Politics? |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/as-netflix-goes-global-can-it-avoid-regional-politics-1102121 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=June 16, 2018 |date=April 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bans, Censorship and Boycotts: Netflix Faces Increased Scrutiny Overseas |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/how-netflix-navigates-increased-scrutiny-international-territories-1229760 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 13, 2019 |access-date=August 13, 2019 }}</ref> In June 2016, Russian Minister of Culture [[Vladimir Medinsky]] asserted that Netflix is part of a US government plot to influence the world culture, "to enter every home, get into every television, and through that television, into the head of every person on earth". This was part of his argument for the increase of funding of Russian cinema to pitch it against the dominance of Hollywood.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parfitt |first=Tom |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/netflix-is-just-a-cia-plot-says-kremlin-w879zxw3c |title=Netflix is just a CIA plot, says Kremlin |newspaper=The Times |date=June 24, 2016}}</ref> In February 2020, the company released its first report of when it has complied with government requested content takedowns in countries, a total of 9 times since its launch:<ref>{{cite web |last1=Holt |first1=Kris |title=Netflix says it's only obeyed nine government takedown requests |url=https://www.engadget.com/2020/02/07/netflix-takedown-requests/ |website=[[Engadget]] |access-date=February 7, 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Netflix Environmental Social Governance 2019 Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Report |url=https://s22.q4cdn.com/959853165/files/doc_downloads/2020/02/0220_Netflix_EnvironmentalSocialGovernanceReport_FINAL.pdf |access-date=February 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Weprin |first1=Alex |title=Netflix Reveals Titles Pulled From Service Over Government Demands |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/netflix-titles-removed-government-demands-1277175 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |date=February 7, 2020 |access-date=February 7, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> * In Singapore, Netflix complied with requests to take down ''[[Cooking on High]]'', ''The Legend of 420'', and ''[[Disjointed]]'' in 2018, ''[[The Last Temptation of Christ (film)|The Last Temptation of Christ]]'' in 2019, and ''[[The Last Hangover]]'' in 2020. * In Germany, Netflix complied with a request to take down the [[Night of the Living Dead|1990 remake of ''Night of the Living Dead'']] in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wurm |first1=Gerald |title=Die Rückkehr der Untoten - Beschlagnahme aufgehoben (Schnittberichte.com) |url=https://www.schnittberichte.com/news.php?ID=13006 |website=www.schnittberichte.com |access-date=13 August 2020 |language=de}}</ref> * In Vietnam, Netflix complied with a request to take down ''[[Full Metal Jacket]]'' in 2017. * In New Zealand, Netflix complied with a request to take down the film ''[[The Bridge (2006 documentary film)|The Bridge]]'' in 2015. The film is deemed objectionable by the country's [[Office of Film and Literature Classification (New Zealand)|Office of Film and Literature Classification]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Bridge by Office of Film and Literature Classification |url=https://archive.org/details/office-of-film-and-literature-classification_701398/ |website=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=February 7, 2020 |date=July 13, 2007}}</ref> * In Saudi Arabia, Netflix complied with a request to take down an episode criticizing the country's government from the series ''[[Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj]]'' in 2019, which drew criticism in the media.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wright |first1=Tolly |title=Netflix Pulls Episode of Hasan Minhaj's Talk Show in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.vulture.com/2019/01/netflix-pulls-episode-of-hasan-minhajs-show-in-saudi-arabia.html |website=Vulture |access-date=January 3, 2019 |date=January 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ricci |first1=Kimberley |title=Netflix Pulls "Patriot Act With Hasan Minhaj" Episode in Saudi Arabia |url=https://uproxx.com/tv/netflix-patriot-act-hasan-minhaj-saudi-arabia/ |website=UPROXX |access-date=January 3, 2019 |date=January 2, 2019}}</ref> In India, Netflix along with Disney's [[Hotstar]] announced plans in early 2019 to adopt self-regulation guidelines for content streamed on its platforms within the country in an effort to prevent potential implementation of government censorship laws.<ref>{{cite web |title=Netflix, local rival Hotstar to censor content in India – sources |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-video-regulations-idUSKCN1PA2DH |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=January 17, 2019 |date=January 16, 2019}}</ref> The Jordanian series ''[[Jinn (TV series)|Jinn]]'' was condemned by members of the country's government for contravening the country's moral standards, and the country's highest prosecutor has sought to have the series banned from streaming.<ref name="io9Jinn">{{cite web |last1=Elderkin |first1=Beth |title=Controversy Around Netflix's Jinn Highlights a Cultural Divide in Jordan and the Middle East |url=https://io9.gizmodo.com/controversy-around-netflixs-jinn-highlights-a-cultural-1835921085 |website=[[io9]] |access-date=July 15, 2019}}</ref> On September 3, 2019, Netflix applied for a license to continue its streaming services in [[Turkey]], under the country's new broadcasting rules. The television watchdog of [[Istanbul]], [[Radio and Television Supreme Council]] (RTÜK) issued new guidelines, under which content providers were required to get new license for operating in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latestcommentary.com/netflix-applies-for-license-under-new-turkish-broadcasting-rules/|title=Netflix applies for license under new Turkish broadcasting rules|access-date=September 3, 2019|website=Latest Commentary|archive-date=September 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910114521/http://www.latestcommentary.com/netflix-applies-for-license-under-new-turkish-broadcasting-rules/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Netflix was later ordered by the RTÜK to remove LGBT characters from its Turkish original series ''[[Love 101 (TV series)|Love 101]]'' and ''[[The Protector (Turkish TV series)|The Protector]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=SABAH |first1=DAILY |title=Netflix removes queer character from Turkish series after regulator's warning |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/netflix-removes-queer-character-from-turkish-series-after-regulators-warning/news |website=Daily Sabah |access-date=13 July 2020 |language=en |date=10 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey's media watchdog signals censorship of Netflix series The Protector |url=https://www.duvarenglish.com/media/2020/07/13/turkeys-media-watchdog-signals-censorship-of-netflix-series-the-protector/ |website=www.duvarenglish.com |date=July 13, 2020 |access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref> Netflix subsequently cancelled the ongoing production of its Turkish series ''If Only'' which was also being ordered to remove a gay character to be allowed release.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kanter |first1=Jake |title=Netflix Cancels Production Of Turkish Original 'If Only' Amid Pressure To Remove Gay Character |url=https://deadline.com/2020/07/netflix-cancels-turkish-original-if-only-over-gay-character-1202990576/ |website=Deadline |access-date=21 July 2020 |language=en |date=21 July 2020}}</ref> === Worldwide users === {{Image frame | caption=Evolution of worldwide VOD subscribers of Netflix<ref name="auto3" /><ref name="auto2" /><ref name="auto1" /><ref name="IL-Q419" /><ref name="Investor letter 2020 Q2" /><ref name="Investor letter 2020 Q4" /> | content = {{Graph:Chart | width=280 | height=150 | type = line | showSymbols = 1.5 | xType = date | yAxisMin = 0 | yAxisTitle=Millions of subscribers | xAxisFormat = %Y | x=31 December 2013, 31 December 2014, 31 December 2015, 31 December 2016, 31 December 2017, 31 December 2018, 31 December 2019, 31 March 2020, 30 June 2020, 31 December 2020 | y=41.43, 54.48, 70.84, 89.09, 110.64, 139.26, 167.09, 182.86, 192.95, 203.66 }} }} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |- !End of year !! Paying VOD<br> customers<br> <small>(in millions)</small> !! Paying DVD<br> customers<br> <small>(in millions)</small> |- !Q4 2013<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/NFLX/3874203383x0x804108/043a3015-36ec-49b9-907c-27960f1a7e57/Q4_14_Letter_to_shareholders.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101095537/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/NFLX/3874203383x0x804108/043a3015-36ec-49b9-907c-27960f1a7e57/Q4_14_Letter_to_shareholders.pdf |archive-date=November 1, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | 41.43|| 6.77 |- !Q4 2014<ref name="auto3"/> | 54.48|| 5.67 |- !Q4 2015<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/NFLX/3576596238x0x924415/A5ACACF9-9C17-44E6-B74A-628CE049C1B0/Q416ShareholderLetter.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719143020/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/NFLX/3576596238x0x924415/A5ACACF9-9C17-44E6-B74A-628CE049C1B0/Q416ShareholderLetter.pdf |archive-date=July 19, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | 70.84|| 4.79 |- !Q4 2016<ref name="auto2"/> | 89.09|| 4.03 |- !Q4 2017<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://s22.q4cdn.com/959853165/files/doc_financials/quarterly_reports/2018/q4/FINAL-Q418-Shareholder-Letter.pdf|title=Shareholder Letter Q418|access-date=February 7, 2019}}</ref> | 110.64|| 3.33 |- !Q4 2018<ref name="auto1"/> | 139.26 || 2.71 |- !Q4 2019<ref name="IL-Q419">{{cite web|url=https://s22.q4cdn.com/959853165/files/doc_financials/2019/q4/FINAL-Q4-19-Shareholder-Letter.pdf|title=Shareholder Letter Q419|access-date=January 24, 2020}}</ref> | 167.09|| 2.21 |- !Q1 2020<ref name="Investor letter 2020 Q2" /> | 182.86|| N/A |- !Q2 2020<ref name="Investor letter 2020 Q2" /> | 192.95|| N/A |- !Q4 2020<ref name="Investor letter 2020 Q4">{{cite web|title=Investor letter 2020 Q4|url=https://s22.q4cdn.com/959853165/files/doc_financials/2020/q4/FINAL-Q420-Shareholder-Letter.pdf|access-date=February 19, 2021|website=Netflix IR}}</ref> |203.66 |N/A |} == Competitors == {{See also|Online DVD rental|Video on demand}} Netflix's success was followed by the establishment of numerous other DVD rental companies, both in the United States and abroad. [[Walmart]] began an online rental service in October 2002 but left the market in May 2005. However, Walmart later acquired the rental service [[Vudu]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Walmart buys VUDU|url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/02/23/walmart-buys-vudu/|work=TechCrunch|publisher=AOL Inc|access-date=September 23, 2013|first=Scott|last=Merrill|date=February 23, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827075719/http://techcrunch.com/2010/02/23/walmart-buys-vudu/|archive-date=August 27, 2013}}</ref> Blockbuster Video entered the United States online market in August 2004, with a US$19.95 monthly subscription service ({{Inflation|US|19.95|2004|r=2|fmt=eq}}). This sparked a [[price war]]; Netflix had raised its popular three-disc plan from US$19.95 to US$21.99 just prior to Blockbuster's launch, but by October, Netflix reduced this fee to US$17.99. Blockbuster responded with rates as low as US$14.99 for a time, but, by August 2005, both companies settled at identical rates.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/media/2004-10-17-netflix-dvd-war_x.htm|title=Netflix, Blockbuster in All-Out DVD Rental Price War|first=David|last=Lieberman|work=[[USA Today]]|date=October 17, 2004|access-date=October 10, 2015}}</ref> On July 22, 2007, Netflix dropped the prices of its two most popular plans by US$1.00 in an effort to better compete with Blockbuster's online-only offerings.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericjackson/2015/09/24/netflix-sketched-out-its-plans-to-be-a-streaming-company-15-years-ago/ |title=Netflix Sketched Out Its Plans To Be A Streaming Company 15 Years Ago |author=Jackson, Eric |date=September 24, 2015 |work=Forbes |access-date=September 16, 2018}}</ref> On October 4, 2012, [[Dish Network]] scrapped plans to make Blockbuster into a competitor for Netflix's online service.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2410655,00.asp|title=Blockbuster Abandons Plans for Netflix-Like Streaming Service|work=[[PC Magazine]]|access-date=October 6, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009001015/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2410655,00.asp|archive-date=October 9, 2012}}</ref> (Dish bought the ailing Blockbuster, LLC in 2011, and at that point planned to maintain franchise locations as well as its "Blockbuster on Demand" streaming service. By 2020, Blockbuster on Demand had been discontinued, and only one Blockbuster franchise location remains in Oregon.)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.marketwatch.com/behindthestorefront/2013/11/06/roll-credits-dish-shuttering-its-remaining-300-blockbuster-stores/|title=Roll credits: Dish shuttering its remaining 300 Blockbuster stores|last=Cheng|first=Andrea|date=November 6, 2013|work=[[MarketWatch]]|access-date=November 10, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110113116/http://blogs.marketwatch.com/behindthestorefront/2013/11/06/roll-credits-dish-shuttering-its-remaining-300-blockbuster-stores/|archive-date=November 10, 2013}}</ref><ref name="LastBlockbuster-Observer">{{cite news |last1=Gourarie |first1=Chava |title=The Last Blockbuster on Earth Is Still Open |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2020/04/the-last-blockbuster-on-earth-is-still-open/ |access-date=August 3, 2020 |work=Commercial Observer |publisher=Observer Media |date=April 15, 2020}}</ref> In 2005, Netflix cited Amazon.com as a potential competitor,<ref name="C4WDefault-5450355">{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2005/06/5011-2/ |title=Netflix sees a bright future, sans Amazon competition |publisher=arstechnica.com |date=June 19, 2005 |access-date=April 25, 2014 |first=Ken |last=Fisher |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425202905/http://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2005/06/5011-2/ |archive-date=April 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> which until 2008, offered online video rentals in the United Kingdom and Germany. This arm of the business was eventually sold to LoveFilm; however, Amazon then bought LoveFilm in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon Buys Lovefilm, The Netflix Of Europe|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-lovefilm-2011-1|work=Business Insider|access-date=September 23, 2013|first=Pascal-Emmanuel|last=Gobry|date=January 20, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601234409/http://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-lovefilm-2011-1|archive-date=June 1, 2013}}</ref> In addition, Amazon now streams movies and television shows through Amazon Video (formerly Amazon Video On Demand and LOVEFiLM Instant).<ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix Instant vs. Hulu Plus vs. Amazon Video|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/netflix-hulu-plus-amazon-instant-video/|work=Digital Trends|access-date=September 23, 2013|first=Mike|last=Flacy|date=March 9, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918022623/http://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/netflix-hulu-plus-amazon-instant-video/|archive-date=September 18, 2013}}</ref> [[Redbox]] is another competitor that uses a [[kiosk]] approach: Rather than mailing DVDs, customers pick up and return DVDs at self-service kiosks located in metropolitan areas. In September 2012, [[Coinstar]], the owners of Redbox, announced plans to partner with [[Verizon Communications|Verizon]] to launch ''Redbox Instant by Verizon'' by late 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-09-21/redbox-verizon-streaming-to-start-in-time-for-christmas-holiday |title=Redbox-Verizon Streaming to Challenge Netflix by Year-End |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |access-date=October 6, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925070049/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-09-21/redbox-verizon-streaming-to-start-in-time-for-christmas-holiday |archive-date=September 25, 2012 }}</ref> In early 2013, ''Redbox Instant by Verizon'' began a limited beta release of its service,<ref>{{cite web|last=Lawer|first=Richard|title=Redbox Instant beta invites slowly start rolling out, iOS and Android apps appear|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/12/20/redbox-instant-beta-invites-slowly-start-rolling-out-ios-and-an/|work=Engadget|access-date=February 4, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126034318/http://www.engadget.com/2012/12/20/redbox-instant-beta-invites-slowly-start-rolling-out-ios-and-an/|archive-date=January 26, 2013}}</ref> which was described by critics as "No Netflix killer"<ref name=CNET>{{cite web|last=Cheng|first=Roger|title=Redbox Instant is no Netflix killer|url=http://ces.cnet.com/8301-34435_1-57563123/redbox-instant-is-no-netflix-killer/|publisher=CNET|access-date=February 4, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419064057/http://ces.cnet.com/8301-34435_1-57563123/redbox-instant-is-no-netflix-killer/|archive-date=April 19, 2013}}</ref> due to "glitches [and] lackluster selection".<ref name=NASDAQ>{{cite web|last=Benzinga|title=Redbox Instant Beta Launches with Glitches, Lackluster Selection|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/article/redbox-instant-beta-launches-with-glitches-lackluster-selection-cm205893|publisher=NASDAQ|access-date=February 4, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115001808/http://www.nasdaq.com/article/redbox-instant-beta-launches-with-glitches-lackluster-selection-cm205893|archive-date=January 15, 2013}}</ref> [[CuriosityStream]], a premium ad-free, subscription-based service launched in March 2015 similar to Netflix but offering strictly nonfiction content in the areas of science, technology, civilization and the human spirit, has been dubbed the "new Netflix for non-fiction".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://mashable.com/2015/03/19/curiositystream-discovery-channel-founder/ |title=CuriosityStream: the new 'Netflix for non-fiction' |first=Jason |last=Abbruzzese |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313082751/http://mashable.com/2015/03/19/curiositystream-discovery-channel-founder/ |archive-date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref> [[Hulu Plus]], like Netflix and Amazon Prime Instant Video, "ink[s] their own deals for exclusive and original content", requiring Netflix "not only to continue to attract new subscribers, but also keep existing ones happy".<ref>{{cite news|author=Stenovec, Timothy|title=Netflix Launches Profiles, Finally Realizing How People Really Watch Movies On It|work=HuffPost|date=August 1, 2013|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/01/netflix-profiles_n_3685876.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319051341/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/01/netflix-profiles_n_3685876.html|archive-date=March 19, 2016}}</ref> Netflix largely avoids offering pornography, but several "adult video" subscription services were inspired by Netflix.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2004/02/62340 |title=Netflix Imitators Are Everywhere |author=Sjöberg, Lore |date=February 19, 2004 |work=Wired |access-date=July 19, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726190544/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2004/02/62340 |archive-date=July 26, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.11/porn.html |title=Skin City |author=McGinn, Daniel |date=November 2005 |work=Wired |access-date=July 19, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420070229/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.11/porn.html |archive-date=April 20, 2010 }}</ref> In Australia, Netflix most notably competes with [[Stan (company)|Stan]], the local SVOD competitor that only operates in the Australian marketplace and currently undercuts Netflix on monthly pricing while using extensive original Australian content as its major value proposition. Netflix currently holds a sizeable lead in market share over Stan, with Netflix reaching over 11.5&nbsp;million household users in Australia in 2019 compared to Stan reaching over 2.5&nbsp;million household users in the same period.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrobusiness.com.au/2020/04/double-trouble-for-battered-foxtel/|title=Double trouble for battered Foxtel - MacroBusiness|website=www.macrobusiness.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/technology/articles/2015/03/24/4203945.htm|title=Review: Netflix vs Stan vs Presto|first=Alex|last=Kidman|date=March 24, 2016|access-date=March 22, 2016|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402182458/http://www.abc.net.au/technology/articles/2015/03/24/4203945.htm|archive-date=April 2, 2016}}</ref> In the [[Nordic countries]], Netflix competes with [[Viaplay]], [[HBO Nordic]] and [[C More]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2017/03/09/the-nordic-leads-the-svod-market-in-europe/|title=The Nordic leads the SVOD market in Europe|access-date=July 4, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324051736/http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2017/03/09/the-nordic-leads-the-svod-market-in-europe|archive-date=March 24, 2017|date=March 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediavision.se/svensk-tv-marknad-2017-rekordhog-omsattning-drivet-av-webb-tv/|title=Svensk TV-marknad 2017: Rekordhög omsättning drivet av webb-TV|date=May 5, 2017|access-date=July 4, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615114717/http://www.mediavision.se/svensk-tv-marknad-2017-rekordhog-omsattning-drivet-av-webb-tv/|archive-date=June 15, 2017}}</ref> In Southeast Asia, Netflix competes with [[iflix]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/netflix-in-southeast-asia/2406616.html|title=Netflix in Southeast Asia: iflix welcome competition|access-date=September 21, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923032853/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/netflix-in-southeast-asia/2406616.html|archive-date=September 23, 2016}}</ref> Astro On the Go, [[iWant TFC]], Sky on Demand, [[Singtel TV]], and HomeCable OnDemand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asia.pcmag.com/netflix/5222/feature/the-challenges-of-video-on-demand-in-southeast-asi|title=The Challenges of Video on Demand in Southeast Asia|work=[[PC Magazine]]|first=Kuan|last=Lim|date=August 19, 2015|access-date=February 14, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302083803/http://asia.pcmag.com/netflix/5222/feature/the-challenges-of-video-on-demand-in-southeast-asi|archive-date=March 2, 2016}}</ref> In New Zealand, Netflix competes with local streaming companies including [[Television New Zealand]] (TVNZ),<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=11881054|title=TVNZ will livestream services from Monday|date=June 23, 2017|work=The New Zealand Herald|access-date=November 22, 2017|issn=1170-0777}}</ref> [[Mediaworks New Zealand]], [[Sky Network Television]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sky-network-tv-vodafone-group/new-zealand-competition-regulator-declines-sky-tv-purchase-of-vodafone-nz-idUSKBN1612KO|title=Sky TV considers options after NZ rejects Vodafone New Zealand deal|date=February 23, 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=November 22, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034742/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sky-network-tv-vodafone-group/new-zealand-competition-regulator-declines-sky-tv-purchase-of-vodafone-nz-idUSKBN1612KO|archive-date=December 1, 2017}}</ref> [[Lightbox (New Zealand)|Lightbox]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediaweek.com.au/kym-niblock-tvnz-chief-product-information-officer/|title=NZ Media Profile: Kym Niblock, chief product and information officer, TVNZ – Mediaweek|website=mediaweek.com.au|access-date=November 22, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031825/http://www.mediaweek.com.au/kym-niblock-tvnz-chief-product-information-officer/|archive-date=December 1, 2017|date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> [[Neon (service)|Neon]] and [[Quickflix]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/technology/digital-living/84942151/a-guide-to-nz-streaming-services|title=A guide to NZ streaming services|website=Stuff|date=October 5, 2016|access-date=November 22, 2017}}</ref> In Italy, Netflix competes with Infinity, [[Now TV (Sky plc)|Now TV]] and TIMvision.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailybest.it/app/nowtv-infinity-primevideo-netflix-raiplay/|title=Perché Now TV, Infinity e Prime Video dovrebbero essere come Netflix|date=March 22, 2017|work=DAILYBEST|access-date=November 22, 2017|language=it-IT|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032311/https://www.dailybest.it/app/nowtv-infinity-primevideo-netflix-raiplay/|archive-date=December 1, 2017}}</ref> In South Africa, Netflix competes with [[Showmax]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/560744/africas-biggest-media-company-will-fight-netflix-for-control-of-the-global-streaming-market/|title=Africa's biggest media company will fight Netflix for control of the global streaming market|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|first=Omar|last=Mohammed|date=November 27, 2015|access-date=February 14, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217102638/http://qz.com/560744/africas-biggest-media-company-will-fight-netflix-for-control-of-the-global-streaming-market/|archive-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> In the [[MENA]] region, Netflix competes with [[icflix]], [[Starz|Starz Play Arabia]], [[OSN]]'s Wavo, and [[iflix|iflix Arabia]]. Also, in [[Brazil]], Netflix competes with [[Rede Globo|Globoplay]], a [[Grupo Globo]]'s streaming service. In Mexico, [[Televisa]] removed its content from Netflix in 2016 and moved it to its own streaming service [[Blim]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/blogs/alejandro-aleman/2016/03/11/dos-semanas-probando-blim|title=Dos semanas probando Blim|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128140626/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/blogs/alejandro-aleman/2016/03/11/dos-semanas-probando-blim|archive-date=November 28, 2016}}</ref> [[The Walt Disney Company]] launched its own streaming service, [[Disney+]], in November 2019. As a result, most Disney content that had been available on Netflix was removed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/marvel-and-star-wars-films-will-ditch-netflix-for-disney/ |title=Marvel and Star Wars films will ditch Netflix for Disney's own service |publisher=[[CNET]] |access-date=September 7, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907190259/https://www.cnet.com/news/marvel-and-star-wars-films-will-ditch-netflix-for-disney/ |archive-date=September 7, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kastrenakes |first=Jacob |title=Disney to end Netflix deal and launch its own streaming service |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/8/16115254/disney-launching-streaming-service-ending-netflix-deal |website=[[The Verge]] |access-date=April 5, 2018 |date=August 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406102020/https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/8/16115254/disney-launching-streaming-service-ending-netflix-deal |archive-date=April 6, 2018 }}</ref> Disney reported in early 2020 that its subscriber count had blown past internal and industry estimates at 50&nbsp;million globally - a 22&nbsp;million increase since the prior report two months earlier.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/8/21214236/disney-plus-50-million-subscribers-international-europe-india-netflix|title=Disney Plus surpasses 50 million subscribers|first=Julia|last=Alexander|date=April 8, 2020|website=The Verge}}</ref> In China, where the Netflix website is blocked by the Chinese government except in Hong Kong, [[iQIYI]] (known as 爱奇艺 in Chinese) is the leading platform for online movie and TV show streaming. == Awards == {{Further|List of accolades received by Netflix}} On July 18, 2013, Netflix earned the first [[Primetime Emmy Award]] nominations for original online-only [[web television]] programs at the [[65th Primetime Emmy Awards]]. Three of its web series, ''Arrested Development'', ''Hemlock Grove'' and ''House of Cards'', earned a combined 14 nominations (nine for ''House of Cards'', three for ''Arrested Development'' and two for ''Hemlock Grove'').<ref name=NDWi2PEN>{{cite news|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/18/watching-for-the-2013-primetime-emmy-nominations/|title=Netflix Does Well in 2013 Primetime Emmy Nominations|access-date=July 18, 2013|date=July 18, 2013|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Stelter, Brian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719190706/http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/18/watching-for-the-2013-primetime-emmy-nominations/|archive-date=July 19, 2013}}</ref> The ''House of Cards'' episode "[[Chapter 1 (House of Cards)|Chapter 1]]" received four nominations for both the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards and [[65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards]], becoming the first [[webisode]] of a television series to receive a major Primetime Emmy Award nomination: David Fincher was nominated in the category of Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series.<ref name=NDWi2PEN /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/shows/house-cards|title=House Of Cards|publisher=Emmys.com|access-date=July 19, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725185708/http://www.emmys.com/shows/house-cards|archive-date=July 25, 2013}}</ref> "Chapter 1" joined ''Arrested Development''{{'s}} "[[Flight of the Phoenix (Arrested Development)|Flight of the Phoenix]]" and ''Hemlock Grove''{{'s}} "Children of the Night" as the first webisodes to earn Creative Arts Emmy Award nomination, and with its win for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series, "Chapter 1" became the first webisode to be awarded an Emmy.<ref name=NMHWTPCAEA>{{cite news|url=http://www.nj.com/business/prnewswire/index.ssf?/nj/story/?catSetID=7002&nrid=223866861|title=Netflix Makes History With Two Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|access-date=September 16, 2013|date=September 15, 2013|work=[[The Star-Ledger]]|agency=[[PR Newswire]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060817/http://www.nj.com/business/prnewswire/index.ssf?%2Fnj%2Fstory%2F%3FcatSetID=7002&nrid=223866861|archive-date=September 21, 2013}}</ref> Fincher's win for Directing for a Drama Series made the episode the first Primetime Emmy-awarded webisode.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303759604579092061505560526|title=Netflix Makes Some History With Showing at Emmys|access-date=September 23, 2013|date=September 23, 2013|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|author1=Sharma, Amol|first2=Alexandra|last2=Cheney|name-list-style=amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924085615/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303759604579092061505560526|archive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> On December 12, 2013, the network earned six [[Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Award]] nominations, including four for ''House of Cards''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2013/12/12/golden-globes-nominations-2014-twelve-years-a-slave-american-hustle-among-nominees/|title=Golden Globes Nominations 2014: '12 Years a Slave,' 'American Hustle' Lead Field|access-date=December 12, 2013|date=December 12, 2013|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|author=Farley, Christopher John|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213064254/http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2013/12/12/golden-globes-nominations-2014-twelve-years-a-slave-american-hustle-among-nominees/|archive-date=December 13, 2013}}</ref> Among those nominations was Wright for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama]] for her portrayal of Claire Underwood, which she won at the [[71st Golden Globe Awards]] on January 12. With the accolade, Wright became the first actress to win a Golden Globe for an online-only web television series. It also marked Netflix' first major acting award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/tv/z-on-tv-blog/bal-house-of-cards-earns-golden-globe-win-for-robin-wright-20140112,0,5415673.story|title='House of Cards' star Robin Wright earns series' sole Golden Globes win|access-date=January 13, 2014|date=December 12, 2013|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|author=Zurawik, David|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113074936/http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/tv/z-on-tv-blog/bal-house-of-cards-earns-golden-globe-win-for-robin-wright-20140112,0,5415673.story|archive-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nj.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2014/01/2014_golden_globes_robin_wright_wins_best_actress_for_online-only_house_of_cards.html|title=2014 Golden Globes: Robin Wright wins best actress for online-only 'House of Cards'|access-date=January 13, 2014|date=January 12, 2014|work=[[The Star-Ledger]]|author=Hyman, Vicki|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115034431/http://www.nj.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2014/01/2014_golden_globes_robin_wright_wins_best_actress_for_online-only_house_of_cards.html|archive-date=January 15, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2014/tv/awards/golden-globes-brooklyn-nine-nine-nabs-upset-tv-comedy-wins-1201050849/|title=Golden Globes: 'Brooklyn Nine Nine' Nabs Upset TV Comedy Wins|access-date=January 14, 2014|date=January 12, 2014|author=Littleton, Cynthia|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116040146/http://variety.com/2014/tv/awards/golden-globes-brooklyn-nine-nine-nabs-upset-tv-comedy-wins-1201050849/|archive-date=January 16, 2014}}</ref> ''House of Cards'' and ''Orange is the New Black'' also won [[Peabody Awards]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peabodyawards.com/award-profile/orange-is-the-new-black-netflix|title=73rd Annual Peabody Awards|website=PeabodyAwards.cm|date=May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325164700/http://www.peabodyawards.com/award-profile/orange-is-the-new-black-netflix|archive-date=March 25, 2016}}</ref> On July 10, 2014, Netflix received 31 Emmy nominations. Among other nominations, ''House of Cards'' received nominations for Outstanding Drama Series, Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series and Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series. Kevin Spacey and Robin Wright were nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. ''Orange is the New Black'' was nominated in the comedy categories, earning nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series. Taylor Schilling, Kate Mulgrew, and Uzo Aduba were respectively nominated for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (the latter was for Aduba's recurring role in season one, as she was promoted to series regular for the show's second season).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bgr.com/2014/07/10/netflix-2014-emmy-nominations/|title=Netflix just scored a remarkable 31 Emmy nominations|access-date=July 11, 2014|publisher=BGR.com|date=July 10, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713020309/http://bgr.com/2014/07/10/netflix-2014-emmy-nominations/|archive-date=July 13, 2014}}</ref> Netflix got the largest share of 2016 Emmy award nominations among its competitors, with 16 major nominations. However, streaming shows only got 24 nominations out of a total of 139, falling significantly behind cable.<ref name="digitaljournal.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/a-and-e/entertainment/netflix-s-streaming-shows-grab-almost-every-emmy-nomination/article/470331|title=Netflix's shows grab most nominations in major Emmy categories|date=July 18, 2016|access-date=January 16, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118033003/http://www.digitaljournal.com/a-and-e/entertainment/netflix-s-streaming-shows-grab-almost-every-emmy-nomination/article/470331|archive-date=January 18, 2017}}</ref> The 16 Netflix nominees were: ''House of Cards'' with Kevin Spacey, ''A Very Murray Christmas'' with Bill Murray, ''Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt'', ''Master of None'', and ''Bloodline''.<ref name="digitaljournal.com"/> ''Stranger Things'' received 19 nominations at the [[69th Primetime Emmy Awards|2017 Primetime Emmy Awards]], while ''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]'' received 13 nominations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.polygon.com/tv/2017/7/13/15965444/emmy-nominations-2017-westworld-stranger-things|title=Westworld, Stranger Things lead 2017 Emmy nominations|last=Sarkar|first=Samit|date=July 13, 2017|website=Polygon|access-date=September 14, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914220125/https://www.polygon.com/tv/2017/7/13/15965444/emmy-nominations-2017-westworld-stranger-things|archive-date=September 14, 2017}}</ref> In April 2017, Netflix was nominated for Broadcaster of the Year in the UK's Diversity in Media Awards.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} In December 2017, Netflix was awarded [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals|PETA]]'s Company of the Year for promoting animal rights movies and documentaries like ''[[Forks Over Knives]]'' and ''[[What the Health]]''. At the [[90th Academy Awards]], held on March 4, 2018, Netflix won the [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature|Oscar for Best Documentary Feature]] for the film ''[[Icarus (2017 film)|Icarus]].'' During his remarks backstage, director and writer Bryan Fogel remarked that Netflix had "single-handedly changed the documentary world". ''Icarus'' had its premiere at the 2017 [[Sundance Film Festival]] and was bought by Netflix for $5&nbsp;million, one of the biggest deals ever for a non-fiction film.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/sundance-icarus-russian-doping-1201968509/|title=Sundance: Netflix Lands Russian Doping Documentary 'Icarus' (EXCLUSIVE)|last2=Setoodeh|first1=Brent|last1=Lang|first2=Ramin|date=January 24, 2017|work=Variety|access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref> Netflix became the most nominated network at the 2018 [[70th Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime]] and [[70th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Creative Arts Emmy Awards]] with 112 nominations, therefore breaking [[HBO]]'s 17-years record as most nominated network at the Emmys, which received 108 nominations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/07/emmy-nominations-2018-netflix-hbo/565046/|title=Emmys Nominations 2018: Netflix Takes Over|last=Gilbert|first=Sophie|date=July 12, 2018|work=The Atlantic|access-date=July 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ew.com/tv/2018/07/12/netflix-vs-hbo-emmy/|title=How Netflix beat HBO in Emmy nominations for first time ever|work=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=July 18, 2018}}</ref> On January 22, 2019, Netflix scored 15 nominations for the [[91st Academy Awards]], including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] for [[Alfonso Cuarón]]'s ''[[Roma (2018 film)|Roma]]'', which was nominated for 10 awards.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McClintock |first1=Pamela |title=Oscars: Netflix Takes On Hollywood Studios With 15 Noms |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-2019-netflix-now-competing-hollywood-studios-1177822 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |date=January 22, 2019 |access-date=January 23, 2019 }}</ref> The 15 nominations equal the total nominations Netflix had received in previous years. Its increased presence in the Academy Awards has led filmmakers such as [[Steven Spielberg]] to speak out against the nomination of streaming content. As a possible solution, Netflix is in the process of buying [[Grauman's Egyptian Theatre]] to host events and screen its films and series<!--to enable them to be considered for Oscar and Emmy award nomination, respectively-->.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/04/the-academy-prepares-for-the-netflix-spielberg-showdown-and-a-10000-streaming-app-1202060453/|title=The Academy Prepares for the Netflix-Spielberg Showdown, and a $10,000 Streaming App|last=Thompson|first=Anne|website=IndieWire|date=April 19, 2019|access-date=April 21, 2019}}</ref> However, there are no plans to roll out full theatrical releases there.<ref>{{cite web |last=Malkin |first=Marc |title=Netflix's Plan for the Egyptian Theatre Will Focus Mostly on Events and Special Screenings |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/netflix-egyptian-theatre-plans-1203186071/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=April 22, 2019 |date=April 10, 2019}}</ref> In 2020, Netflix gained 20 TV nominations and 22 film nominations at the [[78th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]] awards. It secured three out of the five nominations for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama|best drama TV series]] for [[The Crown (TV series)|''The Crown'']], [[Ozark (TV series)|''Ozark'']] and [[Ratched (TV series)|''Ratched'']] and four of the five nominations for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama|best actress in a TV series]]: [[Olivia Colman]], [[Emma Corrin]], [[Laura Linney]] and [[Sarah Paulson]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Napoli|first=Jessica|date=|title=Netflix dominates Golden Globe awards with over 40 nominations|work=[[Fox Business]]|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/lifestyle/netflix-dominates-golden-globe-awards-nominations|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-03|title='Mank' leads Golden Globe nominees with 6; Netflix dominates|url=https://apnews.com/article/golden-globe-nominations-2021-0e5be6d70f02b936b0a5025bb026e761|access-date=2021-02-05|website=AP NEWS}}</ref> Netflix also gained 30 nominations at the [[Screen Actors Guild Awards|Screen Actor Guilds Awards]] (won 7 awards)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Netflix leads the pack at the SAG Awards with 30 nominations|url=https://www.engadget.com/screen-actors-guild-nominations-netflix-chadwick-boseman-181321198.html|access-date=2021-02-05|website=Engadget|language=en}}</ref> and 35 nominations at the [[Academy Awards]] (also won 7 awards).<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE 93RD ACADEMY AWARDS|url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2021|access-date=2021-05-10|website=Oscars.org|language=en}}</ref> == Criticism == {{Main|Criticism of Netflix}} === Accessibility === In 2011, Netflix was sued by the [[National Association of the Deaf (United States)|US National Association of the Deaf]] for not providing [[closed captioning|captioning]] for the deaf or hard of hearing on all of its content, citing the [[Americans with Disabilities Act]]. Netflix later agreed to a settlement, where it would caption its entire library by 2014, and by 2016, have captioning available for new content within seven days of release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/netflix-and-deaf-rights-group-settle-suit-over-video-captions/|title=Netflix and deaf-rights group settle suit over video captions|last=Kerr|first=Dara|publisher=CNET|access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> In an [[Non-publication of legal opinions in the United States|unpublished decision]] issued 2015, the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals]] ruled that the ADA did not apply to Netflix in this case, as it is "not connected to any actual, physical place".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/04/9th-circuit-rules-netflix-isnt-subject-to-disability-law/|title=9th Circuit rules Netflix isn't subject to disability law|last=Mullin|first=Joe|date=April 2, 2015|website=Ars Technica|access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> Netflix has continued to face criticism from disability rights supporters over the quality of captioning on some of its content.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-44643667|title=Queer Eye host backs Netflix subtitle change|last=Cooper|first=Kelly-Leigh|work=BBC News|date=June 29, 2018|access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/behind-fight-improve-netflixs-closed-captioning-1126721|title=Behind the Fight to Improve Netflix's Closed Captioning|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=August 2, 2018|access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> === Broadband and energy consumption === On March 18, 2020, [[Thierry Breton]], the [[European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services]] urged streaming services including Netflix to cut back their service to limit the stress on Europe's broadband networks. Confinement measures taken during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|COVID-19 Pandemic]] increased pressure on the networks with people both working and looking for entertainment at home.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b4ab03db-de1f-4f98-bcc2-b09007427e1b|title= EU warns of broadband strain as millions work from home|work=[[Financial Times]]|location=San Francisco|access-date=March 20, 2020}}</ref> Netflix responded by agreeing to reduce its streaming rate in the European Union countries by 25% for 30 days. Although the streaming rate was cut by 25%, users were still able to stream in HD and 4K with reduced image quality.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2020/03/19/netflix-to-reduce-picture-quality-during-coronavirus-pandemic/#1fa52d6e3711|title=Netflix To Reduce Picture Quality During Coronavirus Pandemic|last=Archer|first=John|date=March 19, 2020|access-date=March 20, 2020}}</ref> === Content and partnerships === On a panel about the future of film for the ''[[New York Times]]'' on June 23, 2019, actor and [[screenwriter]] [[Kumail Nanjiani]] said: {{quote|This is very cynical, but I think the standard of quality for people who watch stuff at home is not the same [as it is with theatrical releases].... I don't want to diss on Netflix too much, they make amazing stuff, and they're giving shots to people who would not have been given shots 10 years ago, but I also think Netflix would rather have five things people kind of like than one thing that people really love.<ref>"Film: Forecasting the Future of the Movie Business, the [[New York Times]], Arts & Leisure section, June 23, 2019, p. 12-13"</ref>}} Individual Netflix productions have also faced controversy over content. In 2018, the press argued that ''[[13 Reasons Why]]'' glamorized mental health issues such as suicide, [[Depression in childhood and adolescence|depression]] and [[post-traumatic stress disorder|post-traumatic stress]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=MollyKate |first1=Cline |title=Why '13 Reasons Why' Can Be Triggering for People Coping With Mental Illness |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/25/health/13-reasons-why-teen-suicide-debate-explainer/ |website=Teen Vogue |access-date=April 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426055938/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/25/health/13-reasons-why-teen-suicide-debate-explainer/ |archive-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Korin |title=13 Reasons Why Is Not the Force for Mental Health Awareness People Say It Is |url=http://www.self.com/story/13-reasons-why-suicide-and-mental-health |date=April 13, 2017 |website=Self |access-date=April 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425205223/http://www.self.com/story/13-reasons-why-suicide-and-mental-health |archive-date=April 25, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Thorbecke |first1=Catherine |title='13 Reasons Why' faces backlash from suicide prevention advocacy group |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/13-reasons-faces-backlash-suicide-prevention-advocacy-groups/story?id=46851551 |work=[[ABC News]] |access-date=April 25, 2017 |date=April 18, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424112112/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/13-reasons-faces-backlash-suicide-prevention-advocacy-groups/story?id=46851551 |archive-date=April 24, 2017}}</ref> Scholars also accused those productions to minimize the risk of vulnerable viewers<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Arendt|first1=Florian|last2=Scherr|first2=Sebastian|last3=Till|first3=Benedikt|last4=Prinzellner|first4=Yvonne|last5=Hines|first5=Kevin|last6=Niederkrotenthaler|first6=Thomas|date=2017-08-22|title=Suicide on TV: minimising the risk to vulnerable viewers|journal=BMJ|volume=358|language=en|pages=j3876|doi=10.1136/bmj.j3876|pmid=28830886|s2cid=46261911|issn=0959-8138}}</ref> pointed out the company's lack of moral responsibility.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Scalvini|first=Marco|date=2020-06-18|title=13 Reasons Why : can a TV show about suicide be 'dangerous'? What are the moral obligations of a producer?|journal=Media, Culture & Society|volume=42|issue=7–8|language=en|pages=1564–1574|doi=10.1177/0163443720932502|issn=0163-4437|doi-access=free}}</ref> Netflix was criticized for using stock footage from the 2013 [[Lac-Mégantic rail disaster]] in ''[[Bird Box (film)|Bird Box]]'' and ''[[Travelers (TV series)|Travelers]]''. The footage was subsequently replaced.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47573563|title=Netflix to remove real-life disaster clip|date=March 14, 2019|access-date=April 3, 2019|work=BBC News}}</ref> In January 2019, Netflix censored an episode of ''[[Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj]]'' in Saudi Arabia after requests by the [[Communications and Information Technology Commission (Saudi Arabia)|Communications and Information Technology Commission]], citing material critical of the country (such as [[Mohammed bin Salman]] and the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|Saudi-led military campaign in Yemen]]).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/06/business/media/netflix-saudi-arabia-censorship-hasan-minhaj.html|title=Netflix's Bow to Saudi Censors Comes at a Cost to Free Speech|last=Rutenberg|first=Jim|date=January 6, 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 8, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The announcement that [[Gwyneth Paltrow]]'s company [[Goop (company)|Goop]] had partnered with Netflix led to criticism, noting that the company has frequently been criticized for making unsubstantiated claims about the effectiveness of health treatments and products that it promotes. Multiple critics argued that granting Goop access to Netflix's platform was a "win for [[pseudoscience]]".<ref name="thedailybeast"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/feb/08/goops-deal-with-netflix-is-a-dangerous-win-for-pseudoscience|title=Goop has a Netflix deal – this is a dangerous win for pseudoscience|last=Mahdawi|first=Arwa|date=February 8, 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 3, 2019|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name="Bundel"/><ref name="ars-goopseries"/> Netflix's partnership with [[Liu Cixin]], including inviting Liu to join as a consulting producer for a show based on his ''[[The Three-Body Problem (novel)|The Three-Body Problem]]'', raised questions from U.S. politicians.<ref name="holl_GOP_Senators">{{Cite web |title=GOP Senators Send Letter to Netflix Challenging Plans to Adapt Chinese Sci-Fi Novel 'The Three Body Problem' |last=Brzeski |first=Patrick |work=hollywoodreporter.com |date=September 24, 2020 |access-date=January 5, 2021 |url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/gop-senators-send-letter-to-netflix-challenging-plans-to-adapt-chinese-sci-fi-novel-the-three-body-problem}}</ref> Citing an interview by ''[[The New Yorker]]'' in which Liu expressed support for Chinese government policies such as the [[one-child policy]] and the [[Xinjiang re-education camps]], five [[United States Senate|U.S. senators]] wrote a letter to Netflix asking whether it was aware of Liu's remarks and demanding a justification for proceeding with the adaptation of Liu's work.<ref name="blac_Blac">{{Cite web |title=Blackburn, Colleagues Raise Concerns About Netflix's Choice to Adapt and Promote Film by Proponent of Uyghur Internment |publisher=U.S. Senator Marsha Blackburn of Tennessee |date=September 24, 2020 |access-date=January 5, 2021 |url= https://www.blackburn.senate.gov/2020/9/blackburn-colleagues-raise-concerns-about-netflix-s-choice-to-adapt-and-promote-film-by-proponent-of-uyghur-internment}}</ref><ref name="theg_Netflix_faces">{{Cite web |title=Netflix faces call to rethink Liu Cixin adaptation after his Uighur comments |last=Flood |first=Alison |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=September 25, 2020 |access-date=January 5, 2021 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/25/netflix-liu-cixin-adaptation-uighur-comments-the-three-body-problem}}</ref> Netflix responded that Liu was not the creator of the show, and that Liu's comments "are not reflective of the views of Netflix or of the show's creators, nor are they part of the plot or themes of the show".<ref name="vari_Netf">{{Cite web |title=Netflix Sends Firm Response to GOP Senators Over Chinese Sci-Fi Adaptation Controversy |last=Thorne |first=Will |work=Variety |date=September 25, 2020 |access-date=January 5, 2021 |url= https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/netflix-republican-senators-response-chinese-sci-fi-adaptation-1234784504/}}</ref> The letter points to the challenge of whether the U.S. entertainment industry can work with creators in China and tell their stories without accidentally promoting [[propaganda in China|China's propaganda]] or becoming complicit in human rights abuses.<ref name="qz.c_Netflix's_Three">{{Cite web |title=Netflix's 'Three-Body Problem' has to figure out how to not be the next 'Mulan' |last=Li |first=Jane |work=Quartz |date=September 25, 2020 |access-date=5 January 2021 |url= https://qz.com/1908838/netflix-called-out-for-three-body-author-cixin-lius-xinjiang-remark/}}</ref> In 2021, Netflix announced a new unscripted show called "Hype House."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-23|title=TikTok's Hype House is coming to Netflix — but don't expect to see its biggest stars|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2021-04-23/tiktok-hype-house-is-coming-to-netflix|access-date=2021-05-05|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> The show would show the lives of [[TikTok]] influencers in the house. This was controversial due to some members not taking the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] seriously.<ref name="Heisler">{{Cite web|last=Heisler|first=Yoni|date=2021-04-26|title=Angry subscribers are canceling Netflix over a new show that was just announced|url=https://bgr.com/entertainment/netflix-hype-house-show-angry-cancel-subscription-5921911/|access-date=2021-05-05|website=BGR|language=en-US}}</ref> A few subscribers claimed that they would cancel their subscriptions, and even made [[petition]]s to cancel the show.<ref name="Heisler"/> In 2020, the South African government announced its intention to impose local content requirements on Netflix, to which Netflix responded that it would have to cut its library in order to meet such requirements.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vermeulen|first=Jan|title=Netflix will have to cut its library in South Africa to meet local content quotas|url=https://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadcasting/400081-netflix-will-have-to-cut-its-library-in-south-africa-to-meet-local-content-quotas.html|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref> Economist Jacques Jonker also criticised the South African government over the issue, asserting that it has no moral justification based on either consequentialist or deontological grounds for imposing such requirements. Jonker also accused the government's proposed content requirement policy of being xenophobic.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-14|title=No Moral Justification for Local Content Requirements on Netflix|url=https://rationalstandard.com/no-moral-justification-for-local-content-requirements-on-netflix/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Rational Standard|language=en-US}}</ref> === Film distribution model === Netflix's distribution model for original films has led to conflicts with the legacy film industry. Some cinemas have refused to screen films distributed theatrically by Netflix (primarily to ensure awards eligibility), as it defies the standard three-month [[release window]], and releases them simultaneously on its streaming platform (although ''[[Roma (2018 film)|Roma]]'' was instead given a three-week run before being added to the streaming service). [[Steven Spielberg]], governor of the directors branch of the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] (AMPAS), has been critical of the streaming model over the "communal" cinema experience, but later clarified his views by arguing that viewers should have access to "great stories", and be able to "find their entertainment in any form or fashion that suits them".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/23/business/media/steven-spielberg-netflix-academy-awards.html|title=Blockbuster Battle Between Steven Spielberg and Netflix Fizzles|last=Barnes|first=Brooks|date=April 23, 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 24, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/04/steven-spielberg-netflix-oscars-theaters|title=Spielberg Would Like to Be Excluded from This Netflix-Hating Narrative|last=Bradley|first=Laura|website=HWD|date=April 24, 2019|access-date=April 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/netflix-steven-spielberg-oscars-1203154092/|title=Netflix Responds to Steven Spielberg's Push to Bar It From Oscars|last1=Lang|first1=Brent|date=March 4, 2019|website=Variety|access-date=April 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/02/steven-spielberg-vs-netflix-oscar-academy-wars-1202047846/|title=The Spielberg vs. Netflix Battle Could Mean Collateral Damage for Indies at the Oscars|last1=Thompson|first1=Anne|date=March 1, 2019|website=IndieWire|access-date=April 3, 2019}}</ref> In April 2019, AMPAS voted against the possibility of changes to the [[Academy Awards]] eligibility criteria to account for streaming services such as Netflix, although AMPAS president [[John Bailey (cinematographer)|John Bailey]] did state that the organization would "further study the profound changes occurring in our industry".<ref name="screendaily-eligibility">{{Cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/academy-leaves-netflix-eligibility-rule-intact-changes-name-of-foreign-language-category/5138723.article|title=Academy leaves Netflix eligibility rule intact, changes name of foreign language category|last=Kay|first=Jeremy|website=Screen|access-date=April 24, 2019}}</ref> In 2018, Netflix pulled out of the [[Cannes Film Festival]], in response to new rules requiring competition films to have been released in French theaters. The Cannes premiere of ''[[Okja]]'' in 2017 was controversial, and led to discussions over the appropriateness of films with simultaneous digital releases being screened at an event showcasing theatrical film; audience members also booed at the Netflix [[Production logo|vanity plate]] at the screening. Netflix's attempts to negotiate to allow a limited release in France were curtailed by organizers, as well as French [[cultural exception]] law—where theatrically screened films are legally forbidden from being made available via video-on-demand services until at least 36 months after their release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/11/17225898/netflix-cannes-film-festival-competition-ban-streaming-services|title=Netflix pulls out of Cannes Film Festival following competition ban|last=Statt|first=Nick|date=April 11, 2018|website=The Verge|access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/19/15662542/netflix-cannes-film-festival-booed-okja-premiere|title=Netflix booed at Okja's Cannes premiere|last=Tiffany|first=Kaitlyn|date=May 19, 2017|website=The Verge|access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/10/15608978/netflix-cannes-film-festival-new-rule-theater-release-france|title=Netflix's first two films at Cannes could be its last|last=Tiffany|first=Kaitlyn|date=May 10, 2017|website=The Verge|access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> Beginning at the 2019 [[Toronto International Film Festival]], films may now be restricted from screening at [[Scotiabank Theatre Toronto]]—one of the festival's main venues—and screened elsewhere (such as [[TIFF Bell Lightbox]] and other local cinemas) if distributed by a service such as Netflix. Organizers stated that the restriction was due to a policy enforced by the facility's owner and operator, [[Cineplex Entertainment]], requiring adherence to 3-month theatrical windows.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/tiff-confirms-scotiabank-theatres-new-rules-on-netflix-and-amazon-titles/5142695.article|title=TIFF confirms Scotiabank Theatre's new rules on Netflix and Amazon titles|date=September 8, 2019|website=ScreenDaily|access-date=September 11, 2019}}</ref> === Tax avoidance === According to a blog post by the [[Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy]], Netflix reported its largest ever profit in the US for 2018, but paid nothing in federal or state tax.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://itep.org/netflix-posted-biggest-ever-profit-in-2018-and-paid-0-in-income-taxes/ | title = Netflix Posted Biggest-Ever Profit in 2018 and Paid $0 in Taxes | first = Matthew | last = Gardner | date = February 5, 2019 | access-date = February 10, 2020 | work = [[Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy]] }}</ref> The explanation is that US Tax law allows companies to claim [[tax credit]] on foreign earnings and thus avoid double taxation.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/feb/10/netflix-income-tax-2018-didnt-pay | title = How did Netflix get away with not paying income tax in 2018? | first = Gene | last = Marks | date = February 10, 2019 | access-date = February 10, 2020 | work = [[The Guardian]] }}</ref> US Senator [[Bernie Sanders]] has criticized Netflix for this both on Twitter<ref>{{cite tweet |user = BernieSanders |first = Bernie | last = Sanders |number = 1196911527204282368 |date= November 19, 2019 |title = Bernie Sanders on Twitter: "Your $8.99 Netflix subscription is more than the company paid in federal income taxes last year (nothing)."}}</ref> and at a Fox News town hall event on April 15, 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bernie-sanders-amazon-netflix-its-a-disgrace-companies-do-not-pay-taxes/ | title = Bernie Sanders: It's a "disgrace" that Amazon, Netflix "pay nothing" in taxes | first = Aimee | last = Picchi | date = April 16, 2019 | access-date = February 10, 2020 | work = [[CBS News]] }}</ref> A spokesperson from Netflix has addressed such claims as "inaccurate", but no evidence has been provided that Netflix did pay any state or federal taxes.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.newsweek.com/bernie-sanders-calls-out-netflix-paying-less-income-tax-2018-cost-one-899-subscription-1472826 | title = Bernie Sanders Calls Out Netflix for Paying Less Income Tax in 2018 Than The Cost of One $8.99 Subscription | first = Aila | last = Slisco | date = November 19, 2019 | access-date = February 10, 2020 | work = [[Newsweek]] }}</ref> Allegations of tax evasion are also being investigated by Italian prosecutors. While Netflix doesn't have a headquarters in Italy, the prosecution claims that the digital infrastructure such as servers and cables amounts to a physical presence in the country.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-netflix-probe-italy/italy-prosecutors-open-netflix-tax-evasion-investigation-source-idUSKBN1WI0NE | title = Italy prosecutors open Netflix tax evasion investigation: source | first = Emilio | last = Parodi | date = October 3, 2019 | access-date = February 10, 2020 | work = [[Reuters]] }}</ref> === Viewership figure claims === Netflix has been criticised by some media organizations and competitors for only rarely and selectively releasing its ratings and viewer numbers. A notable instance of this involves the film ''[[Bird Box (film)|Bird Box]]''. A week after its release, Netflix claimed that it had the biggest seven-day viewing record of any of its original films at over 45&nbsp;million viewers, but did not provide data to validate it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/17/18412309/netflix-transparency-data-viewers-ratings-subscribers-bird-box-numbers|title=Netflix execs say they'll finally start releasing viewership data soon|work=The Verge|date=April 17, 2019|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref> It also was not possible to accurately compare its week-long success to a major cultural event such as the [[Super Bowl]] or [[Academy Awards]] or to a [[blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] film run.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/netflix-raises-movie-viewership-curtain-with-bird-box/|title=Netflix's 'Bird Box' success gets Hollywood clucking|work=The Seattle Times|date=January 2, 2019|access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref> In June 2019, Netflix claimed that 30,869,863 accounts watched the [[Adam Sandler]]- and [[Jennifer Aniston]]-starring Netflix original film ''[[Murder Mystery (film)|Murder Mystery]]'', despite it being critically panned, making it the biggest "opening weekend" for a Netflix original film. If the film had been in theaters it would have made the equivalent of $556&nbsp;million based on a $9 ticket price. Critics cast doubt that this number of people would have watched the film given that it would have made the film more popular than the finale of ''[[Game of Thrones]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/06/netflix-adam-sandler-jennifer-aniston-viewer-data?verso=true|title=A Mystery Indeed Netflix Claims New Adam Sandler, Jennifer Aniston Movie Drew Record Views|work=Vanity Fair|date=June 19, 2019}}</ref> In the fourth quarter of 2019, Netflix changed the method it used to estimate viewers for a show. Before this, Netflix counted a viewer towards viewership if they watched 70% of the show; with the new change, a viewer need only watch two minutes of the show to count. Netflix started the two-minute metric indicated that the viewer chose to watch the show, and thus counted in its viewership. This also eliminated factors such as the length of the work, so that both short and long works would be treated equally. In a statement to shareholders, Netflix estimated this increased viewership by 35% on average.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/6-underground-viewed-by-83-million-members-netflix-says-1271794 | title = Michael Bay's '6 Underground' Viewed by 83 Million Members, Netflix Says | first = Pamela | last = McClintock | date = January 21, 2020 | access-date = January 23, 2020 | work = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] }}</ref> This new metric was criticized as commentators felt two minutes was far too little of any show to engage a viewer, and instead the move by Netflix was to artificially increase viewership to put their numbers on par with television networks and movie ticket sales, such as trying to compare viewership of ''[[The Witcher (TV series)|The Witcher]]'' with that of HBO's ''[[Game of Thrones]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine | url = https://www.wired.com/story/netflix-viewership-two-minutes/ | title = Netflix's Big Viewership Numbers Mean Very Little | first = Tyler | last = Coates | date = January 22, 2020 | access-date = January 23, 2020 | magazine = [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cnet.com/news/netflix-viewership-stats-just-got-more-meaningless-witcher-6-underground/ | title = Netflix viewership stats just got more meaningless | first= Joan | last =Solsman | date = January 22, 2020 | access-date = January 23, 2020 |work = [[CNet]] }}</ref> === Promotion of pseudoscience === Netflix has long been criticized for offering content that presents wellness [[pseudoscience]] and [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] as true.<ref name="Reynolds">{{cite magazine |last1=Reynolds |first1=Matt |title=Think Goop is bad? It's only the tip of Netflix's pseudoscience iceberg |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/the-goop-lab-netflix-review |magazine=Wired |access-date=January 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200128010139/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/the-goop-lab-netflix-review |archive-date=January 28, 2020 |date=January 24, 2020 |quote=In The Goop Lab, Gwyneth Paltrow and her colleagues try out energy healing, psychedelics and cold therapy. But plenty of Netflix's documentaries take an equally dubious approach to science. |url-status=live}}</ref> Health professionals have quickly corrected several arguments made by the 2017 documentary ''[[What the Health]]'', arguing the movie exaggerates the negative effects of eating eggs and downplays the risks of a diet rich in sugar.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sifferlin |first=Alexandra|date=15 August 2017|title=What You Should Know About the Pro-Vegan Netflix Film 'What the Health'|work=Time |url=https://time.com/4897133/vegan-netflix-what-the-health/|url-status=live|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528063316/http://time.com/4897133/vegan-netflix-what-the-health/|archive-date=28 May 2019}}</ref> The [[Australian Medical Association]] (AMA) called on Netflix to remove from its catalog ''The Magic Pill'', a documentary narrated by celebrity chef [[Pete Evans]] claiming a [[ketogenic diet]] helps cure a variety of diseases, such as [[asthma]] and [[cancer]]. While some studies hint that some benefits can be gained from the diet, they did not support the claims made in the movie and the AMA insisted that promoting the diet without the supervision of qualified health professionals posed grave risks of developing nutritional deficiencies.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Zhou|first=Naaman|date=3 June 2018|title=Pete Evans' documentary should be cut from Netflix, doctors group says|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/jun/03/pete-evans-documentary-should-be-cut-from-netflix-doctors-group-says|url-status=live|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707034525/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/jun/03/pete-evans-documentary-should-be-cut-from-netflix-doctors-group-says|archive-date=7 July 2020}}</ref> These accusations intensified in 2020, with the platform presenting original programming such as ''[[The Goop Lab]]'' and ''[[Down to Earth with Zac Efron]]''.<ref name="Reynolds" /><ref name="MLange">{{Cite web|last=Lange|first=Maggie|date=30 July 2020|title=Netflix's Wellness Programming Is Irresponsible and Misleading|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/z3ewgw/netflix-wellness-programming-misleading-goop-lab-down-to-earth|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730165236/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/z3ewgw/netflix-wellness-programming-misleading-goop-lab-down-to-earth|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Vice}}</ref> From the moment it signed a deal with [[Gwyneth Paltrow]]'s lifestyle brand [[Goop (company)|Goop]] in February 2019, Netflix faced widespread criticism. The deal was repeatedly described as "a win for [[pseudoscience]]."<ref name="ars-goopseries">{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/02/goop-lands-netflix-deal-despite-track-record-of-egregious-false-health-claims/|title=Netflix buys into Goop hooey with deal to make a wellness docuseries|last=Mole|first=Beth|date=February 5, 2019|website=Ars Technica|access-date=April 3, 2019}}</ref><ref name="commentisfree">{{Cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/feb/08/goops-deal-with-netflix-is-a-dangerous-win-for-pseudoscience|title=Goop has a Netflix deal – this is a dangerous win for pseudoscience|last=Mahdawi|first=Arwa|date=February 8, 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 3, 2019|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name="Bundel">{{cite web |last1=Bundel |first1=Ani |title=Netflix's new partnership with Gwyneth Paltrow's Goop brand is a win for pseudoscience |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/netflix-s-new-partnership-gwyneth-paltrow-s-goop-brand-win-ncna969746 |work=NBC News |access-date=February 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190220201923/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/netflix-s-new-partnership-gwyneth-paltrow-s-goop-brand-win-ncna969746 |archive-date=February 20, 2019 |date=February 10, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Once ''The Goop Lab'' was available for review, it attracted harsh criticism.<ref name="Charara">{{cite magazine |last1=Charara |first1=Sophie |title=What The Goop Lab gets right (and wrong) about sex |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/goop-lab-sex-netflix |magazine=Wired |access-date=January 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200128012517/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/goop-lab-sex-netflix |archive-date=January 28, 2020 |date=January 25, 2020 |quote="I think the claims made by Gwyneth Paltrow and Goop are not evidence-based and potentially damaging to women," says Cynthia Graham, professor of sexual and reproductive health at the University of Southampton.|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Nygaard">{{cite web |last1=Palmer |first1=Robert |title=A Psychic Fraud Investigator Weighs In On The Goop Lab |url=https://skepticalinquirer.org/exclusive/a-psychic-fraud-investigator-weighs-in-on-the-goop-lab/ |website=Skepticalinquirer.org |publisher=CFI |access-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218014735/https://skepticalinquirer.org/exclusive/a-psychic-fraud-investigator-weighs-in-on-the-goop-lab/ |archive-date=18 February 2020 |date=17 February 2020 |quote=A few people have asked me about the episode, and I have informed them that, in my opinion, the episode is socially irresponsible ... Falling for a self-proclaimed psychic can be extremely dangerous because it often leads to the destruction of a person’s emotional health and financial well-being. Unfortunately, when victims of psychic fraud attempt to report the crimes that have been committed against them to police and/or prosecutors, they are often met with laughter, and/or misreporting, and/or ignorance. I use my training and experience, both as a former law enforcement officer and a private investigator, to help victims navigate their way through a criminal justice system that is largely unsympathetic toward their plight and help victims overcome the many impediments that often exist when they are attempting to obtain justice. |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="OSS">{{Cite web|url=https://mcgill.ca/oss/article/health-reviews/goop-lab-experiments-viewers-credulity|title=The Goop Lab Experiments With Viewers' Credulity|last=Jarry|first=Jonathan|date=2020-01-24|website=Office for Science and Society|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125152126/https://mcgill.ca/oss/article/health-reviews/goop-lab-experiments-viewers-credulity|archive-date=2020-01-25|access-date=2020-01-25}}</ref> Efron's show was also heavily criticized for promoting pseudoscience and giving questionable health advice to its viewers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lange|first=Maggie|date=30 July 2020|title=Netflix's Wellness Programming Is Irresponsible and Misleading|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/z3ewgw/netflix-wellness-programming-misleading-goop-lab-down-to-earth |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730165236/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/z3ewgw/netflix-wellness-programming-misleading-goop-lab-down-to-earth|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Vice}}</ref><ref name="OSS2">{{Cite web|last=Jarry|first=Jonathan|date=16 July 2020|title=Beware the Insidious Nonsense of Netflix's Zac Efron Travelogue Show|url=https://mcgill.ca/oss/article/pseudoscience-reviews/beware-insidious-nonsense-netflixs-zac-efron-travelogue-show |access-date=17 July 2020|website=McGill Office for Science and Society}}</ref> === ''Cuties'' === ''[[Cuties]],'' a 2020 French film distributed internationally by Netflix, drew controversy after its release due to claims it sexualized children, particularly in response to the poster originally displayed on the streaming platform, which was subsequently changed.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bahr|first=Lindsey|date=Sep 15, 2020|title=Netflix film Cuties becomes target of politicized backlash|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/netflix-cuties-backlash-1.5724482|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916023638/https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/netflix-cuties-backlash-1.5724482|archive-date=16 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-09-11|title=Cuties controversy sparks #CancelNetflix campaign|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/sep/11/cuties-mignonnes-controversy-cancel-netflix-campaign|url-status=live|access-date=2020-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911105543/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/sep/11/cuties-mignonnes-controversy-cancel-netflix-campaign|archive-date=11 September 2020}}</ref> Politicians and government officials in Turkey and the US made various complaints, including calling for the investigation of "possible violations of child exploitation and child pornography laws" and asking for the film to be voluntarily removed by Netflix.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Deese|first=Kaelan|date=2020-09-12|title=Republicans call on DOJ to investigate Netflix over 'Cuties' film|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/in-the-know/516130-republicans-call-on-doj-to-investigate-netflix-over-cuties-film|access-date=2020-10-11|website=TheHill|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-04|title='Cuties' film blocked on Netflix by Turkey amid child sexualisation backlash|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/cuties-film-blocked-netflix-turkey-child-sexualisation-a9705066.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> The film's director, [[Maïmouna Doucouré]], stated in defense of the film that it "tries to show that our children should have the time to be children, and we as adults should protect their innocence and keep them innocent as long as possible."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Moniuszko|first=Sara M.|date=2020-09-14|title=State attorneys general ask Netflix to pull controversial 'Cuties' as director defends 'feminist' film|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2020/09/14/netflix-cuties-controversy-florida-congressman-calls-exploitative/5792457002/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915051521/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2020/09/14/netflix-cuties-controversy-florida-congressman-calls-exploitative/5792457002/|archive-date=15 September 2020|access-date=2020-09-15|website=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=1 September 2020|title=Netflix'de tepki çeken Cuties filmi için RTÜK'teki rapor tamamladı; yaptırım uygulanması gündemde|language=tr|trans-title=RTÜK completed the report for the Cuties movie, which got a reaction on Netflix; implementation of sanctions is on the agenda|work=[[T24 (newspaper)|T24]]|url=https://t24.com.tr/haber/netflix-de-tepki-ceken-cuties-filmi-icin-rtuk-teki-rapor-tamamladi-yaptirim-uygulanmasi-gundemde,900458|url-status=live|access-date=3 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912054013/https://t24.com.tr/haber/netflix-de-tepki-ceken-cuties-filmi-icin-rtuk-teki-rapor-tamamladi-yaptirim-uygulanmasi-gundemde,900458|archive-date=12 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-12|title=Ted Cruz Calls for Justice Department to Investigate Netflix Over 'Cuties' Child Porn Claims|url=https://www.newsweek.com/cuties-movie-ted-cruz-investigation-netflix-1531507|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913024135/https://www.newsweek.com/cuties-movie-ted-cruz-investigation-netflix-1531507|archive-date=13 September 2020|access-date=2020-09-12|website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref> On September 23, 2020, Netflix was indicted by a Texas grand jury for "promotion of lewd visual material depicting a child".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Netflix indicted in Texas over 'lewd' depiction of children in 'Cuties'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/netflix-indicted-texas-over-lewd-depiction-children-cuties-n1242304|access-date=2020-10-06|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> == Impact == The rise of Netflix has affected the way that audiences watch televised content. Netflix's CEO Neil Hunt points out that the Internet allows users the freedom to watch shows at their own pace, so an episode does not need cliffhangers to tease the audience to keep tuning in week after week because they can just continue into the next episode.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2014/05/neil-hunt/|title=What Television Will Look Like in 2025, According to Netflix|work=Wired|access-date=July 11, 2014|date=May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706052711/http://www.wired.com/2014/05/neil-hunt|archive-date=July 6, 2014}}</ref> Netflix has allowed content creators to deviate from traditional formats that force 30-minute or 60-minute time slots once a week, which it claims gives them an advantage over networks. Their model provides a platform that allows varying run times per episode based on a storyline, eliminates the need for a week to week recap, and does not have a fixed notion of what constitutes a "season". This flexibility also allows Netflix to nurture a show until it finds its audience, unlike traditional networks which will quickly cancel a show if it is unable to maintain steady ratings.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Netflix|url=http://ir.netflix.com/long-term-view.cfm|title=Netflix's Long Term View|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606120536/http://ir.netflix.com/long-term-view.cfm|archive-date=June 6, 2014}}</ref> Netflix has strayed from the traditional necessary production of a pilot episode to establish the characters and create arbitrary cliffhangers to prove to the network that the concept of the show will be successful. Kevin Spacey spoke at the [[Edinburgh International Television Festival]] about how the new Netflix model was effective for the production of ''House of Cards'': "Netflix was the only company that said, 'We believe in you. We've run our data, and it tells us our audience would watch this series.'" Traditional networks are unwilling to risk millions of dollars on shows without first seeing a pilot, but Spacey points out that 113 pilots were made in 2012; 35 of them were chosen to go to air, 13 were renewed, and most are gone now. The total cost of this is somewhere between $300&nbsp;million and $400&nbsp;million, which makes Netflix's deal for ''House of Cards'' extremely cost-effective, according to Spacey.<ref>{{cite web|via=YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0ukYf_xvgc|title=House of Cards|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703195214/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0ukYf_xvgc|archive-date=July 3, 2015}}</ref> Netflix's subscription fee also eliminates the need for commercials, so it does not need to appease advertisers to fund their original content, a model similar to pay television services such as HBO and Showtime. The Netflix model has also affected viewers' expectations. According to a 2013 Nielsen survey, more than 60-percent of Americans said that they binge-watch shows, and nearly 8 out of 10 Americans have used technology to watch their favorite shows on their own schedule.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/2/14/house-of-cards-netflixtelevision.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=February 14, 2014|title=House of Cards|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302041456/http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/2/14/house-of-cards-netflixtelevision.html|archive-date=March 2, 2014}}</ref> Netflix has continued to release its original content by making the whole season available at once, acknowledging changing viewer habits. This allows audiences to watch episodes at a time of their choosing rather than having to watch just one episode a week at a specific scheduled time; this effectively gives its subscribers freedom and control over when to watch the next episodes at their own pace. ==References== {{Reflist}} == Further reading == {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |last1=McDonald |first1=Kevin |last2=Smith-Rowsey |first2=Daniel |date=2016 |title=The Netflix Effect |edition=1st |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic & Professional |isbn=9781501309441}} * {{cite book |last=Hastings |first=Reed |year=2020 |title=No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention |isbn=978-1984877864 |publisher=Penguin Press}} {{Refend}} == External links == {{Commons category}} {{Portal|Film|Television|Companies|San Francisco Bay Area}} * {{Official website|name=Netflix}} {{Finance links | name = Netflix | symbol = NFLX | sec_cik = NFLX | yahoo = NFLX | google = NFLX }} {{Netflix|state=collapsed}} {{Navboxes | title = Netflix programming | list1 = {{Netflix original current series|state=collapsed}} {{Netflix original continuation series|state=autocollapse}} {{Netflix original ended series (2012–2018)|state=autocollapse}} {{Netflix original ended series (2019–present)|state=autocollapse}} {{Netflix original upcoming series|state=autocollapse}} {{Netflix specials|state=collapsed}} }} {{Navboxes | list1 = {{VOD services}} {{NASDAQ-100}} {{Video rental shops}} {{CATV USA|state=collapsed}} {{Major Internet companies}} {{Film Studio}} }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Netflix| ]] [[Category:1997 establishments in California]] [[Category:2002 initial public offerings]] [[Category:American brands]] [[Category:American companies established in 1997]] [[Category:Android (operating system) software]] [[Category:Companies based in Silicon Valley]] [[Category:Companies based in Santa Clara County, California]] [[Category:Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area]] [[Category:Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area]] [[Category:Los Gatos, California]] [[Category:Companies in the NASDAQ-100]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Nasdaq]] [[Category:Entertainment companies established in 1997]] [[Category:Internet properties established in 1997]] [[Category:IOS software]] [[Category:Mass media companies established in 1997]] [[Category:Online retailers of the United States]] [[Category:Recommender systems]] [[Category:TvOS software]] [[Category:Universal Windows Platform apps]] [[Category:Video rental services]] [[Category:Internet television streaming services]] [[Category:Subscription video on demand services]] [[Category:PlayStation 3 software]] [[Category:PlayStation 4 software]] [[Category:Software companies of the United States]] [[Category:Xbox 360 software]] [[Category:Xbox One software]] [[Category:American film studios]]'