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This page allows you to examine the variables generated by the Edit Filter for an individual change.
Variables generated for this change
Variable | Value |
---|---|
Edit count of the user (user_editcount ) | null |
Name of the user account (user_name ) | '49.197.50.39' |
Age of the user account (user_age ) | 0 |
Groups (including implicit) the user is in (user_groups ) | [
0 => '*'
] |
Rights that the user has (user_rights ) | [
0 => 'createaccount',
1 => 'read',
2 => 'edit',
3 => 'createtalk',
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15 => 'vipsscaler-test'
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Whether the user is editing from mobile app (user_app ) | false |
Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile ) | true |
Page ID (page_id ) | 26151 |
Page namespace (page_namespace ) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title ) | 'Raven' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle ) | 'Raven' |
Edit protection level of the page (page_restrictions_edit ) | [] |
Last ten users to contribute to the page (page_recent_contributors ) | [
0 => '49.197.50.39',
1 => 'Wolfdog',
2 => 'Oknazevad',
3 => 'Ivelkov Ajavahetaja',
4 => 'No such user',
5 => '206.84.143.69',
6 => 'Allninemice',
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8 => '2605:B100:738:BAF:405D:40F:896:69C0',
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Page age in seconds (page_age ) | 628179471 |
Action (action ) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary ) | '/* Etymology */Added cintent' |
Old content model (old_content_model ) | 'wikitext' |
New content model (new_content_model ) | 'wikitext' |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Short description|Collection of birds with the same common name}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
[[File:3782 Common Raven in flight.jpg|thumb|right|A raven in flight]]
A '''raven''' is any of several larger-bodied species of the [[genus]] ''[[Corvus]]''. These species do not form a single [[Taxon|taxonomic group]] within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between "[[crow]]s" and "ravens", and these appellations have been assigned to different species chiefly on the basis of their size, crows generally being smaller than ravens.{{Cn|date=September 2021}}
The largest raven species are the [[common raven]] and the [[thick-billed raven]].
==Etymology==
The term "raven" originally referred to the [[common raven]] (''Corvus corax''), the [[type species]] of the genus ''Corvus'', which has a larger distribution than any other species of ''Corvus'', ranging over much of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
The modern English word ''raven'' has cognates in all other [[Germanic languages]], including [[Old Norse]] (and subsequently [[Icelandic language|modern Icelandic]]) {{lang|non|hrafn}}<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'' entry for "raven".</ref> and [[Old High German]] {{lang|goh|(h)raban}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia| title=Raven|encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary|editor=Simpson, J. |editor2=Weiner, E. | year=1989 |edition= 2nd| location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn= 0-19-861186-2}}</ref> all of which descend from [[Proto-Germanic]] {{lang|gem|*hrabanaz}}.<ref>{{cite web| title=Raven| work=Online Etymology Dictionary| url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=raven| access-date=14 May 2007}}</ref>
[[Collective noun]]s for a group of ravens (or at least the common raven) include "rave",<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lipton|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ|title=An Exaltation of Larks|date=1991|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-30044-0|language=en}}</ref> "treachery",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html | title=Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List | access-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> "kindness"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html | title=Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List | access-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> and "conspiracy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|title=University of California Golf Club. List of Collective Nouns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040918183029/http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|archive-date=18 September 2004|access-date=16 July 2008}}</ref> In practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0|title=Google Ngram Viewer|website=books.google.com|access-date=2020-01-05}}</ref>
==Current species==
* ''[[Corvus albicollis]]'' – [[white-necked raven]] (eastern and southern Africa)
* ''[[Corvus corax]]'' – [[common raven]] (northern hemisphere)
* ''[[Corvus coronoides]]'' – [[Australian raven]] (Australia)
* ''[[Corvus crassirostris]]'' – [[thick-billed raven]] (Horn of Africa)
* ''[[Corvus cryptoleucus]]'' – [[Chihuahuan raven]] (United States and Mexico)
* ''[[Corvus mellori]]'' – [[little raven]] (southeastern Australia)
* ''[[Corvus rhipidurus]]'' – [[fan-tailed raven]] (eastern Africa and Arabian peninsula)
* ''[[Corvus ruficollis]]'' – [[brown-necked raven]] (northern Africa, Arabian peninsula, Greater Middle East)
* ''[[Corvus tasmanicus]]'' – [[forest raven]] (Tasmania, southern Victoria and north-east NSW in Australia)
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Head of Raven.jpg|Head of a [[common raven]]
File:Corvus corax jouveniles.jpeg|Common ravens
File:Corvus cryptoleucus Arizona 2.jpg|[[Chihuahuan raven]]
File:Fan-tailed raven.jpg|[[Fan-tailed raven]]
File:Australian Raven Sydney University.jpg|[[Australian raven]]
File:Ravaged Raven in Flight.jpg|A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease.
</gallery>
==Extinct species==
* †''[[Corvus moriorum]]'' – [[Chatham raven]]
* †''[[Corvus antipodum]]'' – [[New Zealand raven]]
* †''[[Corvus corax varius morpha leucophaeus]]'' – [[pied raven]]
==See also==
* [[Cultural depictions of ravens]]
* [[Ravens of the Tower of London]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Ravens}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Raven}}
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/crows-corvidae Raven videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101229105854/http://enature.com/fieldguides/view_default.asp?allSpecies=y&searchText=raven North American ravens] on eNature
{{Animal common name}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Ravens| ]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{Short description|Collection of birds with the same common name}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
[[File:3782 Common Raven in flight.jpg|thumb|right|A raven in flight]]
A '''raven''' is any of several larger-bodied species of the [[genus]] ''[[Corvus]]''. These species do not form a single [[Taxon|taxonomic group]] within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between "[[crow]]s" and "ravens", and these appellations have been assigned to different species chiefly on the basis of their size, crows generally being smaller than ravens.{{Cn|date=September 2021}}
The largest raven species are the [[common raven]] and the [[thick-billed raven]].
==Etymology==
The term "raven" originally referred to the [[common raven]] (''Corvus corax''), the [[type species]] of the genus ''Corvus'', which has a larger distribution than any other species of ''Corvus'', ranging over much of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
The modern English word ''raven'' has cognates in all other [[Germanic languages]], including [[Old Norse]] (and subsequently [[Icelandic language|modern Icelandic]]) {{lang|non|hrafn}}<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'' entry for "raven".</ref> and [[Old High German]] {{lang|goh|(h)raban}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia| title=Raven|encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary|editor=Simpson, J. |editor2=Weiner, E. | year=1989 |edition= 2nd| location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn= 0-19-861186-2}}</ref> all of which descend from [[Proto-Germanic]] {{lang|gem|*hrabanaz}}.<ref>{{cite web| title=Raven| work=Online Etymology Dictionary| url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=raven| access-date=14 May 2007}}</ref>
[[Collective noun]]s for a group of ravens (or at least the common raven) are "kindness"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html | title=Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List | access-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> and "conspiracy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|title=University of California Golf Club. List of Collective Nouns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040918183029/http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|archive-date=18 September 2004|access-date=16 July 2008}}</ref> In practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0|title=Google Ngram Viewer|website=books.google.com|access-date=2020-01-05}}</ref>
==Current species==
* ''[[Corvus albicollis]]'' – [[white-necked raven]] (eastern and southern Africa)
* ''[[Corvus corax]]'' – [[common raven]] (northern hemisphere)
* ''[[Corvus coronoides]]'' – [[Australian raven]] (Australia)
* ''[[Corvus crassirostris]]'' – [[thick-billed raven]] (Horn of Africa)
* ''[[Corvus cryptoleucus]]'' – [[Chihuahuan raven]] (United States and Mexico)
* ''[[Corvus mellori]]'' – [[little raven]] (southeastern Australia)
* ''[[Corvus rhipidurus]]'' – [[fan-tailed raven]] (eastern Africa and Arabian peninsula)
* ''[[Corvus ruficollis]]'' – [[brown-necked raven]] (northern Africa, Arabian peninsula, Greater Middle East)
* ''[[Corvus tasmanicus]]'' – [[forest raven]] (Tasmania, southern Victoria and north-east NSW in Australia)
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Head of Raven.jpg|Head of a [[common raven]]
File:Corvus corax jouveniles.jpeg|Common ravens
File:Corvus cryptoleucus Arizona 2.jpg|[[Chihuahuan raven]]
File:Fan-tailed raven.jpg|[[Fan-tailed raven]]
File:Australian Raven Sydney University.jpg|[[Australian raven]]
File:Ravaged Raven in Flight.jpg|A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease.
</gallery>
==Extinct species==
* †''[[Corvus moriorum]]'' – [[Chatham raven]]
* †''[[Corvus antipodum]]'' – [[New Zealand raven]]
* †''[[Corvus corax varius morpha leucophaeus]]'' – [[pied raven]]
==See also==
* [[Cultural depictions of ravens]]
* [[Ravens of the Tower of London]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Ravens}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Raven}}
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/crows-corvidae Raven videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101229105854/http://enature.com/fieldguides/view_default.asp?allSpecies=y&searchText=raven North American ravens] on eNature
{{Animal common name}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Ravens| ]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@
The modern English word ''raven'' has cognates in all other [[Germanic languages]], including [[Old Norse]] (and subsequently [[Icelandic language|modern Icelandic]]) {{lang|non|hrafn}}<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'' entry for "raven".</ref> and [[Old High German]] {{lang|goh|(h)raban}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia| title=Raven|encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary|editor=Simpson, J. |editor2=Weiner, E. | year=1989 |edition= 2nd| location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn= 0-19-861186-2}}</ref> all of which descend from [[Proto-Germanic]] {{lang|gem|*hrabanaz}}.<ref>{{cite web| title=Raven| work=Online Etymology Dictionary| url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=raven| access-date=14 May 2007}}</ref>
-[[Collective noun]]s for a group of ravens (or at least the common raven) include "rave",<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lipton|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ|title=An Exaltation of Larks|date=1991|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-30044-0|language=en}}</ref> "treachery",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html | title=Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List | access-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> "kindness"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html | title=Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List | access-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> and "conspiracy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|title=University of California Golf Club. List of Collective Nouns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040918183029/http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|archive-date=18 September 2004|access-date=16 July 2008}}</ref> In practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0|title=Google Ngram Viewer|website=books.google.com|access-date=2020-01-05}}</ref>
+[[Collective noun]]s for a group of ravens (or at least the common raven) are "kindness"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html | title=Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List | access-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> and "conspiracy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|title=University of California Golf Club. List of Collective Nouns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040918183029/http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|archive-date=18 September 2004|access-date=16 July 2008}}</ref> In practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0|title=Google Ngram Viewer|website=books.google.com|access-date=2020-01-05}}</ref>
==Current species==
' |
New page size (new_size ) | 4631 |
Old page size (old_size ) | 5006 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta ) | -375 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines ) | [
0 => '[[Collective noun]]s for a group of ravens (or at least the common raven) are "kindness"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html | title=Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List | access-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> and "conspiracy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|title=University of California Golf Club. List of Collective Nouns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040918183029/http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|archive-date=18 September 2004|access-date=16 July 2008}}</ref> In practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0|title=Google Ngram Viewer|website=books.google.com|access-date=2020-01-05}}</ref>'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines ) | [
0 => '[[Collective noun]]s for a group of ravens (or at least the common raven) include "rave",<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lipton|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ|title=An Exaltation of Larks|date=1991|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-30044-0|language=en}}</ref> "treachery",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html | title=Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List | access-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> "kindness"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html | title=Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List | access-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> and "conspiracy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|title=University of California Golf Club. List of Collective Nouns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040918183029/http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|archive-date=18 September 2004|access-date=16 July 2008}}</ref> In practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0|title=Google Ngram Viewer|website=books.google.com|access-date=2020-01-05}}</ref>'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links ) | [] |
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6 => 'http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/crows-corvidae',
7 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20101229105854/http://enature.com/fieldguides/view_default.asp?allSpecies=y&searchText=raven',
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9 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8335#identifiers'
] |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | 1632452829 |