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Page title without namespace (page_title) | 'Westminster Quarters' |
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Edit summary/reason (summary) | 'The chimes WERE used in FNaF, we need to put in every other use that has been used' |
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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|Clock chime melody}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{ listen
| filename = Westminster-chimes.mid
| title = Westminster chimes
| description = [[MIDI]] file playing Westminster Quarters striking six o'clock
}}
The '''Westminster Quarters''' is the name for a melody used by a set of [[striking clock]] [[bell]]s to mark each quarter-hour. The number of chime sets matches the number of quarter hours that have passed. It is also known as the '''Westminster Chimes''', from its use at the [[Big Ben|Palace of Westminster]], or the '''Cambridge Quarters'''<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference 2004{{full citation needed|date=September 2021}}</ref> from its place of origin, the [[church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge]].
==Description==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2021}}
The quarters portion of the melody consists of four different [[combination]]s of four distinct [[pitch (music)|pitches]], which at Westminster is keyed to [[E major]] and the pitches are [[B (musical note)|B]]<sub>3</sub>, [[E (musical note)|E]]<sub>4</sub>, [[F♯ (musical note)|F{{music|#}}]]<sub>4</sub> and [[G♯ (musical note)|G{{music|#}}]]<sub>4</sub>,<ref name="Westminster Chimes (1858)">{{Cite journal|title=Westminster Chimes|journal=Musical Times and Singing Class Circular|volume=8|page=350|date=December 1, 1858|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3369957}}</ref> making up the five sets of notes
# G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>
# E<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>
# E<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>
# G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>
# B<sub>3</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>
each played as three [[crotchet]]s (quarter note) and a [[minim (music)|minim]]<!-- Disputed: Sounds like three crotchets and a NON-dotted minim to me --> (half note). These are always played in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and each set is used twice every hour. Set 1 is played at the first quarter, sets 2 and 3 at the half, sets 4, 5 and 1 at the third quarter, and sets 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the hour, as follows. Note that these sounds have been recreated as electronic, midi files and do not necessarily represent the actual sounds of the bells:
{| class="wikitable"
|First quarter:
|<score sound="1"> \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}</score>
<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 1.svg|frameless|upright=1.11]]-->
|-
|Half-hour:
|<score sound="1"> \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2\bar "|."|}</score>
<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 2.svg|frameless|upright=1.78]]-->
|-
|Third quarter:
|<score sound="1"> \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}</score>
<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 3.svg|frameless|upright=2.56]]-->
|-
|Full hour (3 o'clock example):
|<score sound="1"> \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2 | gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | R1*5/4\fermata \bar "||" \clef bass \time 4/4 e,1^"Big Ben" | e1| e1 \bar "|."| }</score>
<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 4.svg|frameless|upright=3.17]]
<br>[[File:Westminster Big Ben.svg|frameless|upright=0.83]] ( Big Ben)-->
|}
{{listen|filename=BBC World Service Westminster chimes.ogg|title=BBC World Service quarter chimes|description=Size: 109 kBytes|format=[[Ogg]]}}
The full hour chime consists of the fourth-quarter chime followed by one strike for the number of the hour of the hour strike (one strike for one o'clock, two strikes for two o'clock, and so on). At Westminster, the hour strike is an E<sub>3</sub>, struck by [[Big Ben]].
In other words, the cycle of five (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is played twice in the course of an hour. For a clock chiming mechanism, this has the advantage that the mechanism that trips the hammers need only store five sequences (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) instead of ten. The mechanism then plays two complete sets of five sequences for each complete hour. In musical terms, the first and third quarters finish on the [[Dominant (music)|dominant]] (B), while the second and fourth quarters (the half and full hours) finish on the [[Tonic (music)|tonic]] (E). This produces the satisfying musical effect that has contributed to the popularity of the chimes. Note that the pitch of the Big Ben clip is closer to F than E in modern [[concert pitch]].
==History==
[[File:Big ben closeup.jpg|thumb|[[Big Ben]] (the Elizabeth Tower) at the [[Palace of Westminster]], the namesake of the chime]]
It was written in 1793 for a new clock in [[St Mary the Great with St Michael, Cambridge|St Mary the Great, the University Church]] in [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. There is some doubt over exactly who composed it: [[Joseph Jowett]], [[Regius Professor of Civil Law (Cambridge)|Regius Professor of Civil Law]], was given the job, but he was probably assisted by either [[John Randall (organist)|John Randall]] (1715–99), who was the [[Professor of Music (Cambridge)|Professor of Music]] from 1755, or his brilliant undergraduate pupil, [[William Crotch]] (1775–1847). This chime is traditionally, though without substantiation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cambridge Chimes |author=Society of Cambridge Youths |url=https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730210746/https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm |archive-date=2018-07-30}}</ref> believed to be a set of variations on the four notes that make up the fifth and sixth bars of "[[Messiah Part III#45|I know that my Redeemer liveth]]" from [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]]'s ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]''.<ref>Claimed for example by {{Cite journal|last=Harrison|first=Daniel|date=October 2000|title=Tolling Time|journal=Music Theory Online|volume=6|issue=4|url=https://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison.html|at=note 16}} Note that Harrison, in note 16, in turn cites Starmer, in footnote 6; so this ultimately traces back to Amp’s account, as quoted by Raven, as quoted by Starmer.</ref><ref name="Starmer (1907)">{{Cite journal|last=Starmer|first=William Wooding|year=1907|title=Chimes|journal=Proceedings of the Musical Association|volume=34|page=7–10|url=https://ia800708.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/22/items/crossref-pre-1909-scholarly-works/10.1093%252Fjhered%252Fos-3.1.263.zip&file=10.1093%252Fjrma%252F34.1.1.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|8–9}} This is why the chime is also played by the bells of the so-called 'Red Tower' in [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], the native town of Handel.
In 1851, the chime was adopted by [[Edmund Beckett, 1st Baron Grimthorpe|Edmund Beckett Denison]] (an amateur [[horology|horologist]], and graduate of [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], who was very familiar with the St Mary's chime) for the new clock at the [[Palace of Westminster]], where [[Big Ben]] hangs. From there its fame spread. It is now one of the most commonly used chimes for [[striking clock]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/what-tune-does-big-ben-chime/|title=What tune does Big Ben chime? And everything else you wanted to know about the country's most famous bell|website=Classic FM|language=en|access-date=February 26, 2019}}</ref>
According to the church records of [[Trinity Episcopal Church (Williamsport, Pennsylvania)]], this chime sequence was incorporated into a tower clock mechanism by the [[E. Howard & Co.]], Boston, Massachusetts. The clock and chime in Trinity's steeple base was dedicated in December 1875. It holds the distinction of being the first tower clock in the United States to sound the Cambridge Quarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org/History/history.html|title=History|website=trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org|access-date=February 26, 2019}}</ref>
==Other uses==
* In Indonesia, train stations play the chimes [[Train melody|as a sign]] of train departure and arrival.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Widiarini |title=Yang Kadang Terlupa dari Stasiun Terbesar di Semarang|trans-title=Sometimes forgotten from the biggest station in Semarang|url=https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-3390739/yang-kadang-terlupa-dari-stasiun-terbesar-di-semarang |access-date=16 June 2019 |work=detikTravel |date=17 February 2017 |language=id}}</ref> Upon arrival of a train, the chimes will be looped continuously until it departs from the station, which may last up to 10–15 minutes.
* In [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]' ''[[A London Symphony]]'', the half hour (2/3) of the Westminster Quarters is heard near the beginning of the work and the first three phrases of the hour (2/3/4) near the end.
* In [[Portsmouth]], England, local [[association football]] fans have sung a football chant variation of the Westminster Quarters, known as the "Pompey Chimes", since 1894. "Pompey" is the nickname of the city of Portsmouth. The "Pompey Chimes" chant originated from the nearby chiming clock tower bells of [[Portsmouth Guildhall]], which was built in 1890.<ref>https://www.pfga.online/ring-a-ding-ding</ref>
* At [[Yankee Stadium]], the chimes are played whenever a member of the [[New York Yankees]] scores a run, a tradition that began at their original ballpark (the beginning of ''Workaholic'' by [[2 Unlimited]]).<ref>{{cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |title=New York Yankees say goodbye to cathedral of baseball |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/20/usa |date=19 September 2008 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref>
* At the close of the [[Warner Bros.]] [[Warner Bros. Cartoons|cartoons]] ''[[Now Hear This (film)|Now Hear This]]'' (1963), the first four notes of the Westminster Quarters play to bring on the four elements of the abstract "WB" lettering, then as the words "A Warner Bros. CartOOn" scroll appear, Big Ben chimes, and then as the letters ''OO'' in ''Cartoon'' separate from the words, a bicycle horn is heard squeaking three times. Big Ben gives one more chime as the words finish appearing on the screen before the fadeout.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}
* The rock band [[U2]] incorporated the Third Quarter chime as a guitar harmonic in the song "[[11 O'Clock Tick Tock]]" in 1980.
* For the satirical TV series ''[[Yes Minister]]'' (1980–1984) and its sequel ''Yes, Prime Minister'' (1986–1988), about a British politician and his interactions with the civil servants who nominally serve him, the [[theme music]] was composed by [[Ronnie Hazlehurst]] and is largely based on the chimes (though with a longer duration for the first note of each quarter, which arguably makes the derivation less obvious). When asked in an interview about its [[Palace of Westminster|Westminster]] influence, Hazlehurst replied, "That's all it is. It's the easiest thing I've ever done."<ref>{{cite web|publisher=BBC |title= BBC New Talent: Advice for new TV composers |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newtalent/music/realmedia/ronnie.ram |access-date=2 September 2006}}</ref>
==Words==
The prayer inscribed on a plaque in the Big Ben clock room reads:<ref>{{cite book|last1=McKay|first1=Chris|title=Big Ben: the Great Clock and the Bells at the Palace of Westminster|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=9780191615085|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5V4HUiKRCUC&q=%22big%20ben%22%20%22words%20and%20music%20of%20the%20chimes%22&pg=SA2-PA36|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref>
<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">All through this hour
Lord be my guide
That by Thy power
No foot shall slide.</poem>
The conventional prayers are:
<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">O Lord our God
Be Thou our guide
That by thy help
No foot may slide.</poem>
An alternative prayer changes the third line:
<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">O Lord our God
Be Thou our guide
So by Thy power
No foot shall slide.</poem>
A variation on this, to the same tune, is prayed at the end of a [[Brownies (Scouting)|Brownie]] meeting in the UK and Canada:
<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">Oh Lord our God
Thy children call
Grant us Thy peace
And bless us all, Amen.</poem>
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
*[http://www.gsm.cam.ac.uk The parish of St Mary the Great with St Michael, Cambridge]
*[https://www.straightdope.com/21342453/who-wrote-the-clock-chime-tune ''The Straight Dope'' on the Westminster Quarters]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180730210746/https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm The Cambridge Chimes]
*[http://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison.html A music theory article on the Westminster Quarters and other clock chimes]
*[http://www.rochester.edu/sesqui/chimes.html Rochester Quarters]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220300/http://www.bhi.co.uk/aHints/chimes.html 1941 British Horological Institute article on chimes rarely encountered by clock repairers]
[[Category:Clocks]]
[[Category:Anonymous musical compositions]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Clock chime melody}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{ listen
| filename = Westminster-chimes.mid
| title = Westminster chimes
| description = A [[Musical Instrument Digital Interface|midi]] file playing Westminster Quarters striking six o'clock
}}
The '''Westminster Quarters''' is the name for a melody used by a set of [[striking clock]] [[Bell (instrument)|bells]] to mark each quarter-hour. The number of chime sets matches the number of quarter hours that have passed. It is also known as the '''Westminster Chimes''', from its use at the [[Big Ben|Palace of Westminster]], or the '''Cambridge Quarters'''<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference 2004</ref> from its place of origin, the [[church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge]].
==Description==
{{urs|date=April 2021}}
The melody consists of four different [[permutation]]s of four [[pitch (music)|pitches]] in the key of [[E major]] plus one arrangement omitting B<sub>3</sub> and repeating E<sub>4</sub> (3). The pitches are [[B (musical note)|B]]<sub>3</sub>, [[E (musical note)|E]]<sub>4</sub>, [[F♯ (musical note)|F{{music|#}}]]<sub>4</sub> and [[G♯ (musical note)|G{{music|#}}]]<sub>4</sub>.
The notes used are:
# G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>
# E<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>
# E<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>
# G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>
# B<sub>3</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>
played as three [[crotchet]]s (quarter note) and a [[minim (music)|minim]]<!-- Disputed: Sounds like three crotchets and a NON-dotted minim to me --> (half note). These are always played in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and each set is used twice every hour. Set 1 is played at the first quarter, sets 2 and 3 at the half, sets 4, 5 and 1 at the third quarter, and sets 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the hour, as follows. Note that these sounds have been recreated as electronic, midi files and do not necessarily represent the actual sounds of the bells:
{| class="wikitable"
|First quarter:
|<score %vorbis="1"% lang="lilypond"> \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}</score>
<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 1.svg|frameless|upright=1.11]]-->
|-
|Half-hour:
|<score %vorbis="1"% lang="lilypond"> \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2\bar "|."|}</score>
<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 2.svg|frameless|upright=1.78]]-->
|-
|Third quarter:
|<score %vorbis="1"% lang="lilypond"> \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}</score>
<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 3.svg|frameless|upright=2.56]]-->
|-
|Full hour (3 o'clock example):
|<score %vorbis="1"% lang="lilypond"> \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2 | gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | R1*5/4\fermataMarkup \bar "||" \clef bass \time 4/4 e,1^"Big Ben" | e1| e1 \bar "|."| }</score>
<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 4.svg|frameless|upright=3.17]]
<br>[[File:Westminster Big Ben.svg|frameless|upright=0.83]] ( Big Ben)-->
|}
{{listen|filename=BBC World Service Westminster chimes.ogg|title=BBC World Service quarter chimes|description=Size: 109 kBytes|format=[[Ogg]]}}
The full hour chime is followed by one strike for the number of the hour by [[Big Ben]] (E<sub>3</sub>) (one strike for one o'clock, two strikes for two o'clock, and so on).
In other words, the cycle of five (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is played twice in the course of an hour. For a clock chiming mechanism, this has the advantage that the mechanism that trips the hammers need only store five sequences (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) instead of ten. The mechanism then plays two complete sets of five sequences for each complete hour. In musical terms, the first and third quarters finish on the [[Dominant (music)|dominant]] (B), while the second and fourth quarters (the half and full hours) finish on the [[Tonic (music)|tonic]] (E). This produces the satisfying musical effect that has contributed to the popularity of the chimes. Note that the pitch of the Big Ben clip is closer to F than E in modern [[concert pitch]].
==History==
[[File:Big ben closeup.jpg|thumb|[[Big Ben]] (the Elizabeth Tower) at the [[Palace of Westminster]], the namesake of the chime]]
It was written in 1793 for a new clock in [[St Mary the Great with St Michael, Cambridge|St Mary the Great, the University Church]] in [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. There is some doubt over exactly who composed it: Revd Dr [[Joseph Jowett]], [[Regius Professor of Civil Law (Cambridge)|Regius Professor of Civil Law]], was given the job, but he was probably assisted by either [[John Randall (Cambridge)|Dr John Randall]] (1715–99), who was the [[Professor of Music, Cambridge University|Professor of Music]] from 1755, or his brilliant undergraduate pupil, [[William Crotch]] (1775–1847). This chime is traditionally, though without substantiation, believed to be a set of variations on the four notes that make up the fifth and sixth bars of "[[Messiah Part III#45|I know that my Redeemer liveth]]" from [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]]'s ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]''.<ref>Claimed for example by [http://mto.societymusictheory.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison_essay.html Harrison, "Tolling Time", note 16] in Music Theory Online 6/4, October 2000.</ref> This is why the chime is also played by the bells of the so-called 'Red Tower' in [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], the native town of Handel.
In 1851, the chime was adopted by [[Edmund Beckett, 1st Baron Grimthorpe|Edmund Beckett Denison]] (an amateur [[horology|horologist]], and graduate of [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], who was very familiar with the St Mary's chime) for the new clock at the [[Palace of Westminster]], where [[Big Ben]] hangs. From there its fame spread. It is now one of the most commonly used chimes for [[striking clock]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/what-tune-does-big-ben-chime/|title=What tune does Big Ben chime? And everything else you wanted to know about the country's most famous bell|website=Classic FM|language=en|access-date=February 26, 2019}}</ref>
According to the church records of [[Trinity Episcopal Church (Williamsport, Pennsylvania)]], this chime sequence was incorporated into a tower clock mechanism by the [[E. Howard & Co.]], Boston, MA. The clock and chime in Trinity's steeple base was dedicated in December 1875. It holds the distinction of being the first tower clock in the United States to sound the Cambridge Quarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org/History/history.html|title=History|website=trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org|access-date=February 26, 2019}}</ref>
==Other uses==
{{multiple issues|section=yes|
{{More citations needed section|date=February 2015}}
{{example farm|date=September 2015}}
}}
* The chime is also used in some [[doorbell]]s and [[bell (school)|school bells]]. Most schools in [[Japan]], [[Taiwan]], and [[South Korea]] play the chimes to signal the end and beginning of classes.
* The chime is used as the signal for counting the quorum in the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]].
* Some electronic [[civil defense siren]]s in the United States manufactured by [[Federal Signal Corporation]] such as the Electronic Outdoor Warning Siren ([[EOWS]]), [[Federal Signal Modulator|Modulator]], and the Directional Speaker Array (DSA) sound off the chimes on a daily basis. It is also used in Japan and the Philippines by some loudspeakers installed in public areas as a time signal.
* On the Japanese game show ''[[Panel Quiz Attack 25]]'', which airs on [[TV Asahi]], the chimes signal the end of the game when there are any boxes left on the board.
* In [[Indonesia]], train stations play the chimes as a sign of train departure and arrival.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Widiarini |title=Yang Kadang Terlupa dari Stasiun Terbesar di Semarang |url=https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-3390739/yang-kadang-terlupa-dari-stasiun-terbesar-di-semarang |access-date=16 June 2019 |work=detikTravel |date=17 February 2017 |language=id}}</ref> Upon arrival of a train, the chimes will be looped continuously until it departs from the station, which may last up to 10–15 minutes.
* In [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]' ''[[A London Symphony]]'', the half hour (2/3) of the Westminster Quarters is heard near the beginning of the work and the first three phrases of the hour (2/3/4) near the end.
* [[Louis Vierne]]'s organ piece ''[[Carillon de Westminster]]'' is a set of variations on one of the five chimes.
* [[Cyrillus Kreek]]'s ''Requiem'' (1927) uses the chimes in the Introitus.
* The rock band [[Focus (band)|Focus]] incorporated the Second Quarter chime at the very end of their album [[Hamburger Concerto]] in 1974.
* The rock band [[Cheap Trick]] incorporates a guitar version of the chimes on their song "[[Clock Strikes Ten]]" from their 1977 studio album ''[[In Color (album)|In Color]]''. A live version also appears on their 1978 live album ''[[Cheap Trick at Budokan]]''.
* The rock band [[U2]] incorporated the Third Quarter chime as a guitar harmonic in the song "[[11 O'Clock Tick Tock]]" in 1980.
* At [[Yankee Stadium]], the chimes are played whenever a member of the [[New York Yankees]] scores a run, a tradition that began at their original ballpark (the beginning of ''Workaholic'' by [[2 Unlimited]]).<ref>{{cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |title=New York Yankees say goodbye to cathedral of baseball |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/20/usa |date=19 September 2008 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref>
* For the satirical TV series ''[[Yes Minister]]'' and its sequel ''Yes, Prime Minister'', about a British politician and his interactions with the civil servants who nominally serve him, the [[theme music]] was composed by [[Ronnie Hazlehurst]] and is largely based on the chimes (though with a longer duration for the first note of each quarter, which arguably makes the derivation less obvious). When asked in an interview about its [[Palace of Westminster|Westminster]] influence, Hazlehurst replied, "That's all it is. It's the easiest thing I've ever done."<ref>{{cite web|publisher=BBC |title= BBC New Talent: Advice for new TV composers |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newtalent/music/realmedia/ronnie.ram |access-date=2 September 2006}}</ref>
* In [[Kintetsu Nagoya Station]] of [[Nagoya, Japan]], [[Kintetsu Railway]] uses a combination of this tone together with sections from "[[Waves of the Danube]]" as the [[Train melody|departure melody]] for its limited express services departing from [[Kintetsu Nagoya Station|Nagoya]] towards [[Osaka Namba Station|Osaka]] since 1978.
* The first three [[Five Nights At Freddy's]] games, the chime is used to signify the player's win of the round.
==Words==
The prayer inscribed on a plaque in the Big Ben clock room reads:<ref>{{cite book|last1=McKay|first1=Chris|title=Big Ben: the Great Clock and the Bells at the Palace of Westminster|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=9780191615085|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5V4HUiKRCUC&q=%22big%20ben%22%20%22words%20and%20music%20of%20the%20chimes%22&pg=SA2-PA36|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref>
:''All through this hour''
:''Lord be my guide''
:''That by Thy power''
:''No foot shall slide''.
The conventional prayers are:
:''O Lord our God''
:''Be Thou our guide''
:''That by thy help''
:''No foot may slide''.
An alternative prayer changes the third line:
:''O Lord our God''
:''Be Thou our guide''
:''So by Thy power''
:''No foot shall slide''.
A variation on this, to the same tune, is prayed at the end of a [[Brownies (Girl Guides)|Brownie]] meeting in the UK and Canada:
:''Oh Lord our God''
:''Thy children call''
:''Grant us Thy peace''
:''And bless us all, Amen''.
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
*[http://www.gsm.cam.ac.uk The parish of St Mary the Great with St Michael, Cambridge]
*[https://www.straightdope.com/21342453/who-wrote-the-clock-chime-tune ''The Straight Dope'' on the Westminster Quarters]
*[http://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm The Cambridge Chimes]
*[http://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison.html A music theory article on the Westminster Quarters and other clock chimes]
*[http://www.rochester.edu/sesqui/chimes.html Rochester Quarters]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220300/http://www.bhi.co.uk/aHints/chimes.html 1941 British Horological Institute article on chimes rarely encountered by clock repairers]
[[Category:Clocks]]
[[Category:Anonymous musical compositions]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -4,88 +4,102 @@
| filename = Westminster-chimes.mid
| title = Westminster chimes
-| description = [[MIDI]] file playing Westminster Quarters striking six o'clock
+| description = A [[Musical Instrument Digital Interface|midi]] file playing Westminster Quarters striking six o'clock
}}
-The '''Westminster Quarters''' is the name for a melody used by a set of [[striking clock]] [[bell]]s to mark each quarter-hour. The number of chime sets matches the number of quarter hours that have passed. It is also known as the '''Westminster Chimes''', from its use at the [[Big Ben|Palace of Westminster]], or the '''Cambridge Quarters'''<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference 2004{{full citation needed|date=September 2021}}</ref> from its place of origin, the [[church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge]].
+The '''Westminster Quarters''' is the name for a melody used by a set of [[striking clock]] [[Bell (instrument)|bells]] to mark each quarter-hour. The number of chime sets matches the number of quarter hours that have passed. It is also known as the '''Westminster Chimes''', from its use at the [[Big Ben|Palace of Westminster]], or the '''Cambridge Quarters'''<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference 2004</ref> from its place of origin, the [[church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge]].
==Description==
-{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2021}}
-The quarters portion of the melody consists of four different [[combination]]s of four distinct [[pitch (music)|pitches]], which at Westminster is keyed to [[E major]] and the pitches are [[B (musical note)|B]]<sub>3</sub>, [[E (musical note)|E]]<sub>4</sub>, [[F♯ (musical note)|F{{music|#}}]]<sub>4</sub> and [[G♯ (musical note)|G{{music|#}}]]<sub>4</sub>,<ref name="Westminster Chimes (1858)">{{Cite journal|title=Westminster Chimes|journal=Musical Times and Singing Class Circular|volume=8|page=350|date=December 1, 1858|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3369957}}</ref> making up the five sets of notes
+{{urs|date=April 2021}}
+The melody consists of four different [[permutation]]s of four [[pitch (music)|pitches]] in the key of [[E major]] plus one arrangement omitting B<sub>3</sub> and repeating E<sub>4</sub> (3). The pitches are [[B (musical note)|B]]<sub>3</sub>, [[E (musical note)|E]]<sub>4</sub>, [[F♯ (musical note)|F{{music|#}}]]<sub>4</sub> and [[G♯ (musical note)|G{{music|#}}]]<sub>4</sub>.
-# G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>
-# E<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>
-# E<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>
-# G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>
-# B<sub>3</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>
+The notes used are:
-each played as three [[crotchet]]s (quarter note) and a [[minim (music)|minim]]<!-- Disputed: Sounds like three crotchets and a NON-dotted minim to me --> (half note). These are always played in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and each set is used twice every hour. Set 1 is played at the first quarter, sets 2 and 3 at the half, sets 4, 5 and 1 at the third quarter, and sets 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the hour, as follows. Note that these sounds have been recreated as electronic, midi files and do not necessarily represent the actual sounds of the bells:
+# G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>
+# E<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>
+# E<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>
+# G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>
+# B<sub>3</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>
+
+played as three [[crotchet]]s (quarter note) and a [[minim (music)|minim]]<!-- Disputed: Sounds like three crotchets and a NON-dotted minim to me --> (half note). These are always played in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and each set is used twice every hour. Set 1 is played at the first quarter, sets 2 and 3 at the half, sets 4, 5 and 1 at the third quarter, and sets 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the hour, as follows. Note that these sounds have been recreated as electronic, midi files and do not necessarily represent the actual sounds of the bells:
{| class="wikitable"
|First quarter:
-|<score sound="1"> \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}</score>
+|<score %vorbis="1"% lang="lilypond"> \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}</score>
<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 1.svg|frameless|upright=1.11]]-->
|-
|Half-hour:
-|<score sound="1"> \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2\bar "|."|}</score>
-<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 2.svg|frameless|upright=1.78]]-->
+|<score %vorbis="1"% lang="lilypond"> \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2\bar "|."|}</score>
+<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 2.svg|frameless|upright=1.78]]-->
|-
|Third quarter:
-|<score sound="1"> \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}</score>
+|<score %vorbis="1"% lang="lilypond"> \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}</score>
<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 3.svg|frameless|upright=2.56]]-->
|-
|Full hour (3 o'clock example):
-|<score sound="1"> \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2 | gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | R1*5/4\fermata \bar "||" \clef bass \time 4/4 e,1^"Big Ben" | e1| e1 \bar "|."| }</score>
+|<score %vorbis="1"% lang="lilypond"> \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2 | gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | R1*5/4\fermataMarkup \bar "||" \clef bass \time 4/4 e,1^"Big Ben" | e1| e1 \bar "|."| }</score>
<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 4.svg|frameless|upright=3.17]]
-<br>[[File:Westminster Big Ben.svg|frameless|upright=0.83]] ( Big Ben)-->
+<br>[[File:Westminster Big Ben.svg|frameless|upright=0.83]] ( Big Ben)-->
|}
{{listen|filename=BBC World Service Westminster chimes.ogg|title=BBC World Service quarter chimes|description=Size: 109 kBytes|format=[[Ogg]]}}
-The full hour chime consists of the fourth-quarter chime followed by one strike for the number of the hour of the hour strike (one strike for one o'clock, two strikes for two o'clock, and so on). At Westminster, the hour strike is an E<sub>3</sub>, struck by [[Big Ben]].
+The full hour chime is followed by one strike for the number of the hour by [[Big Ben]] (E<sub>3</sub>) (one strike for one o'clock, two strikes for two o'clock, and so on).
-In other words, the cycle of five (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is played twice in the course of an hour. For a clock chiming mechanism, this has the advantage that the mechanism that trips the hammers need only store five sequences (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) instead of ten. The mechanism then plays two complete sets of five sequences for each complete hour. In musical terms, the first and third quarters finish on the [[Dominant (music)|dominant]] (B), while the second and fourth quarters (the half and full hours) finish on the [[Tonic (music)|tonic]] (E). This produces the satisfying musical effect that has contributed to the popularity of the chimes. Note that the pitch of the Big Ben clip is closer to F than E in modern [[concert pitch]].
+In other words, the cycle of five (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is played twice in the course of an hour. For a clock chiming mechanism, this has the advantage that the mechanism that trips the hammers need only store five sequences (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) instead of ten. The mechanism then plays two complete sets of five sequences for each complete hour. In musical terms, the first and third quarters finish on the [[Dominant (music)|dominant]] (B), while the second and fourth quarters (the half and full hours) finish on the [[Tonic (music)|tonic]] (E). This produces the satisfying musical effect that has contributed to the popularity of the chimes. Note that the pitch of the Big Ben clip is closer to F than E in modern [[concert pitch]].
==History==
[[File:Big ben closeup.jpg|thumb|[[Big Ben]] (the Elizabeth Tower) at the [[Palace of Westminster]], the namesake of the chime]]
-It was written in 1793 for a new clock in [[St Mary the Great with St Michael, Cambridge|St Mary the Great, the University Church]] in [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. There is some doubt over exactly who composed it: [[Joseph Jowett]], [[Regius Professor of Civil Law (Cambridge)|Regius Professor of Civil Law]], was given the job, but he was probably assisted by either [[John Randall (organist)|John Randall]] (1715–99), who was the [[Professor of Music (Cambridge)|Professor of Music]] from 1755, or his brilliant undergraduate pupil, [[William Crotch]] (1775–1847). This chime is traditionally, though without substantiation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cambridge Chimes |author=Society of Cambridge Youths |url=https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730210746/https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm |archive-date=2018-07-30}}</ref> believed to be a set of variations on the four notes that make up the fifth and sixth bars of "[[Messiah Part III#45|I know that my Redeemer liveth]]" from [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]]'s ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]''.<ref>Claimed for example by {{Cite journal|last=Harrison|first=Daniel|date=October 2000|title=Tolling Time|journal=Music Theory Online|volume=6|issue=4|url=https://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison.html|at=note 16}} Note that Harrison, in note 16, in turn cites Starmer, in footnote 6; so this ultimately traces back to Amp’s account, as quoted by Raven, as quoted by Starmer.</ref><ref name="Starmer (1907)">{{Cite journal|last=Starmer|first=William Wooding|year=1907|title=Chimes|journal=Proceedings of the Musical Association|volume=34|page=7–10|url=https://ia800708.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/22/items/crossref-pre-1909-scholarly-works/10.1093%252Fjhered%252Fos-3.1.263.zip&file=10.1093%252Fjrma%252F34.1.1.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|8–9}} This is why the chime is also played by the bells of the so-called 'Red Tower' in [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], the native town of Handel.
+It was written in 1793 for a new clock in [[St Mary the Great with St Michael, Cambridge|St Mary the Great, the University Church]] in [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. There is some doubt over exactly who composed it: Revd Dr [[Joseph Jowett]], [[Regius Professor of Civil Law (Cambridge)|Regius Professor of Civil Law]], was given the job, but he was probably assisted by either [[John Randall (Cambridge)|Dr John Randall]] (1715–99), who was the [[Professor of Music, Cambridge University|Professor of Music]] from 1755, or his brilliant undergraduate pupil, [[William Crotch]] (1775–1847). This chime is traditionally, though without substantiation, believed to be a set of variations on the four notes that make up the fifth and sixth bars of "[[Messiah Part III#45|I know that my Redeemer liveth]]" from [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]]'s ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]''.<ref>Claimed for example by [http://mto.societymusictheory.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison_essay.html Harrison, "Tolling Time", note 16] in Music Theory Online 6/4, October 2000.</ref> This is why the chime is also played by the bells of the so-called 'Red Tower' in [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], the native town of Handel.
In 1851, the chime was adopted by [[Edmund Beckett, 1st Baron Grimthorpe|Edmund Beckett Denison]] (an amateur [[horology|horologist]], and graduate of [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], who was very familiar with the St Mary's chime) for the new clock at the [[Palace of Westminster]], where [[Big Ben]] hangs. From there its fame spread. It is now one of the most commonly used chimes for [[striking clock]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/what-tune-does-big-ben-chime/|title=What tune does Big Ben chime? And everything else you wanted to know about the country's most famous bell|website=Classic FM|language=en|access-date=February 26, 2019}}</ref>
+
+According to the church records of [[Trinity Episcopal Church (Williamsport, Pennsylvania)]], this chime sequence was incorporated into a tower clock mechanism by the [[E. Howard & Co.]], Boston, MA. The clock and chime in Trinity's steeple base was dedicated in December 1875. It holds the distinction of being the first tower clock in the United States to sound the Cambridge Quarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org/History/history.html|title=History|website=trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org|access-date=February 26, 2019}}</ref>
-According to the church records of [[Trinity Episcopal Church (Williamsport, Pennsylvania)]], this chime sequence was incorporated into a tower clock mechanism by the [[E. Howard & Co.]], Boston, Massachusetts. The clock and chime in Trinity's steeple base was dedicated in December 1875. It holds the distinction of being the first tower clock in the United States to sound the Cambridge Quarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org/History/history.html|title=History|website=trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org|access-date=February 26, 2019}}</ref>
+==Other uses==
+{{multiple issues|section=yes|
+{{More citations needed section|date=February 2015}}
+{{example farm|date=September 2015}}
+}}
-==Other uses==
-* In Indonesia, train stations play the chimes [[Train melody|as a sign]] of train departure and arrival.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Widiarini |title=Yang Kadang Terlupa dari Stasiun Terbesar di Semarang|trans-title=Sometimes forgotten from the biggest station in Semarang|url=https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-3390739/yang-kadang-terlupa-dari-stasiun-terbesar-di-semarang |access-date=16 June 2019 |work=detikTravel |date=17 February 2017 |language=id}}</ref> Upon arrival of a train, the chimes will be looped continuously until it departs from the station, which may last up to 10–15 minutes.
+* The chime is also used in some [[doorbell]]s and [[bell (school)|school bells]]. Most schools in [[Japan]], [[Taiwan]], and [[South Korea]] play the chimes to signal the end and beginning of classes.
+* The chime is used as the signal for counting the quorum in the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]].
+* Some electronic [[civil defense siren]]s in the United States manufactured by [[Federal Signal Corporation]] such as the Electronic Outdoor Warning Siren ([[EOWS]]), [[Federal Signal Modulator|Modulator]], and the Directional Speaker Array (DSA) sound off the chimes on a daily basis. It is also used in Japan and the Philippines by some loudspeakers installed in public areas as a time signal.
+* On the Japanese game show ''[[Panel Quiz Attack 25]]'', which airs on [[TV Asahi]], the chimes signal the end of the game when there are any boxes left on the board.
+* In [[Indonesia]], train stations play the chimes as a sign of train departure and arrival.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Widiarini |title=Yang Kadang Terlupa dari Stasiun Terbesar di Semarang |url=https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-3390739/yang-kadang-terlupa-dari-stasiun-terbesar-di-semarang |access-date=16 June 2019 |work=detikTravel |date=17 February 2017 |language=id}}</ref> Upon arrival of a train, the chimes will be looped continuously until it departs from the station, which may last up to 10–15 minutes.
* In [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]' ''[[A London Symphony]]'', the half hour (2/3) of the Westminster Quarters is heard near the beginning of the work and the first three phrases of the hour (2/3/4) near the end.
-* In [[Portsmouth]], England, local [[association football]] fans have sung a football chant variation of the Westminster Quarters, known as the "Pompey Chimes", since 1894. "Pompey" is the nickname of the city of Portsmouth. The "Pompey Chimes" chant originated from the nearby chiming clock tower bells of [[Portsmouth Guildhall]], which was built in 1890.<ref>https://www.pfga.online/ring-a-ding-ding</ref>
-* At [[Yankee Stadium]], the chimes are played whenever a member of the [[New York Yankees]] scores a run, a tradition that began at their original ballpark (the beginning of ''Workaholic'' by [[2 Unlimited]]).<ref>{{cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |title=New York Yankees say goodbye to cathedral of baseball |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/20/usa |date=19 September 2008 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref>
-* At the close of the [[Warner Bros.]] [[Warner Bros. Cartoons|cartoons]] ''[[Now Hear This (film)|Now Hear This]]'' (1963), the first four notes of the Westminster Quarters play to bring on the four elements of the abstract "WB" lettering, then as the words "A Warner Bros. CartOOn" scroll appear, Big Ben chimes, and then as the letters ''OO'' in ''Cartoon'' separate from the words, a bicycle horn is heard squeaking three times. Big Ben gives one more chime as the words finish appearing on the screen before the fadeout.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}
+* [[Louis Vierne]]'s organ piece ''[[Carillon de Westminster]]'' is a set of variations on one of the five chimes.
+* [[Cyrillus Kreek]]'s ''Requiem'' (1927) uses the chimes in the Introitus.
+* The rock band [[Focus (band)|Focus]] incorporated the Second Quarter chime at the very end of their album [[Hamburger Concerto]] in 1974.
+* The rock band [[Cheap Trick]] incorporates a guitar version of the chimes on their song "[[Clock Strikes Ten]]" from their 1977 studio album ''[[In Color (album)|In Color]]''. A live version also appears on their 1978 live album ''[[Cheap Trick at Budokan]]''.
* The rock band [[U2]] incorporated the Third Quarter chime as a guitar harmonic in the song "[[11 O'Clock Tick Tock]]" in 1980.
-* For the satirical TV series ''[[Yes Minister]]'' (1980–1984) and its sequel ''Yes, Prime Minister'' (1986–1988), about a British politician and his interactions with the civil servants who nominally serve him, the [[theme music]] was composed by [[Ronnie Hazlehurst]] and is largely based on the chimes (though with a longer duration for the first note of each quarter, which arguably makes the derivation less obvious). When asked in an interview about its [[Palace of Westminster|Westminster]] influence, Hazlehurst replied, "That's all it is. It's the easiest thing I've ever done."<ref>{{cite web|publisher=BBC |title= BBC New Talent: Advice for new TV composers |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newtalent/music/realmedia/ronnie.ram |access-date=2 September 2006}}</ref>
-
+* At [[Yankee Stadium]], the chimes are played whenever a member of the [[New York Yankees]] scores a run, a tradition that began at their original ballpark (the beginning of ''Workaholic'' by [[2 Unlimited]]).<ref>{{cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |title=New York Yankees say goodbye to cathedral of baseball |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/20/usa |date=19 September 2008 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref>
+* For the satirical TV series ''[[Yes Minister]]'' and its sequel ''Yes, Prime Minister'', about a British politician and his interactions with the civil servants who nominally serve him, the [[theme music]] was composed by [[Ronnie Hazlehurst]] and is largely based on the chimes (though with a longer duration for the first note of each quarter, which arguably makes the derivation less obvious). When asked in an interview about its [[Palace of Westminster|Westminster]] influence, Hazlehurst replied, "That's all it is. It's the easiest thing I've ever done."<ref>{{cite web|publisher=BBC |title= BBC New Talent: Advice for new TV composers |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newtalent/music/realmedia/ronnie.ram |access-date=2 September 2006}}</ref>
+* In [[Kintetsu Nagoya Station]] of [[Nagoya, Japan]], [[Kintetsu Railway]] uses a combination of this tone together with sections from "[[Waves of the Danube]]" as the [[Train melody|departure melody]] for its limited express services departing from [[Kintetsu Nagoya Station|Nagoya]] towards [[Osaka Namba Station|Osaka]] since 1978.
+* The first three [[Five Nights At Freddy's]] games, the chime is used to signify the player's win of the round.
==Words==
The prayer inscribed on a plaque in the Big Ben clock room reads:<ref>{{cite book|last1=McKay|first1=Chris|title=Big Ben: the Great Clock and the Bells at the Palace of Westminster|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=9780191615085|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5V4HUiKRCUC&q=%22big%20ben%22%20%22words%20and%20music%20of%20the%20chimes%22&pg=SA2-PA36|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref>
-<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">All through this hour
-Lord be my guide
-That by Thy power
-No foot shall slide.</poem>
+:''All through this hour''
+:''Lord be my guide''
+:''That by Thy power''
+:''No foot shall slide''.
The conventional prayers are:
-<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">O Lord our God
-Be Thou our guide
-That by thy help
-No foot may slide.</poem>
+:''O Lord our God''
+:''Be Thou our guide''
+:''That by thy help''
+:''No foot may slide''.
An alternative prayer changes the third line:
-<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">O Lord our God
-Be Thou our guide
-So by Thy power
-No foot shall slide.</poem>
+:''O Lord our God''
+:''Be Thou our guide''
+:''So by Thy power''
+:''No foot shall slide''.
-A variation on this, to the same tune, is prayed at the end of a [[Brownies (Scouting)|Brownie]] meeting in the UK and Canada:
-<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">Oh Lord our God
-Thy children call
-Grant us Thy peace
-And bless us all, Amen.</poem>
+A variation on this, to the same tune, is prayed at the end of a [[Brownies (Girl Guides)|Brownie]] meeting in the UK and Canada:
+:''Oh Lord our God''
+:''Thy children call''
+:''Grant us Thy peace''
+:''And bless us all, Amen''.
==References==
@@ -95,5 +109,5 @@
*[http://www.gsm.cam.ac.uk The parish of St Mary the Great with St Michael, Cambridge]
*[https://www.straightdope.com/21342453/who-wrote-the-clock-chime-tune ''The Straight Dope'' on the Westminster Quarters]
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180730210746/https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm The Cambridge Chimes]
+*[http://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm The Cambridge Chimes]
*[http://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison.html A music theory article on the Westminster Quarters and other clock chimes]
*[http://www.rochester.edu/sesqui/chimes.html Rochester Quarters]
' |
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0 => '| description = A [[Musical Instrument Digital Interface|midi]] file playing Westminster Quarters striking six o'clock',
1 => 'The '''Westminster Quarters''' is the name for a melody used by a set of [[striking clock]] [[Bell (instrument)|bells]] to mark each quarter-hour. The number of chime sets matches the number of quarter hours that have passed. It is also known as the '''Westminster Chimes''', from its use at the [[Big Ben|Palace of Westminster]], or the '''Cambridge Quarters'''<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference 2004</ref> from its place of origin, the [[church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge]].',
2 => '{{urs|date=April 2021}}',
3 => 'The melody consists of four different [[permutation]]s of four [[pitch (music)|pitches]] in the key of [[E major]] plus one arrangement omitting B<sub>3</sub> and repeating E<sub>4</sub> (3). The pitches are [[B (musical note)|B]]<sub>3</sub>, [[E (musical note)|E]]<sub>4</sub>, [[F♯ (musical note)|F{{music|#}}]]<sub>4</sub> and [[G♯ (musical note)|G{{music|#}}]]<sub>4</sub>.',
4 => 'The notes used are:',
5 => '# G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>',
6 => '# E<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>',
7 => '# E<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>',
8 => '# G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>',
9 => '# B<sub>3</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>',
10 => '',
11 => 'played as three [[crotchet]]s (quarter note) and a [[minim (music)|minim]]<!-- Disputed: Sounds like three crotchets and a NON-dotted minim to me --> (half note). These are always played in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and each set is used twice every hour. Set 1 is played at the first quarter, sets 2 and 3 at the half, sets 4, 5 and 1 at the third quarter, and sets 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the hour, as follows. Note that these sounds have been recreated as electronic, midi files and do not necessarily represent the actual sounds of the bells:',
12 => '|<score %vorbis="1"% lang="lilypond"> \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}</score>',
13 => '|<score %vorbis="1"% lang="lilypond"> \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2\bar "|."|}</score>',
14 => '<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 2.svg|frameless|upright=1.78]]--> ',
15 => '|<score %vorbis="1"% lang="lilypond"> \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}</score>',
16 => '|<score %vorbis="1"% lang="lilypond"> \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2 | gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | R1*5/4\fermataMarkup \bar "||" \clef bass \time 4/4 e,1^"Big Ben" | e1| e1 \bar "|."| }</score>',
17 => '<br>[[File:Westminster Big Ben.svg|frameless|upright=0.83]] ( Big Ben)-->',
18 => 'The full hour chime is followed by one strike for the number of the hour by [[Big Ben]] (E<sub>3</sub>) (one strike for one o'clock, two strikes for two o'clock, and so on).',
19 => 'In other words, the cycle of five (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is played twice in the course of an hour. For a clock chiming mechanism, this has the advantage that the mechanism that trips the hammers need only store five sequences (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) instead of ten. The mechanism then plays two complete sets of five sequences for each complete hour. In musical terms, the first and third quarters finish on the [[Dominant (music)|dominant]] (B), while the second and fourth quarters (the half and full hours) finish on the [[Tonic (music)|tonic]] (E). This produces the satisfying musical effect that has contributed to the popularity of the chimes. Note that the pitch of the Big Ben clip is closer to F than E in modern [[concert pitch]].',
20 => 'It was written in 1793 for a new clock in [[St Mary the Great with St Michael, Cambridge|St Mary the Great, the University Church]] in [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. There is some doubt over exactly who composed it: Revd Dr [[Joseph Jowett]], [[Regius Professor of Civil Law (Cambridge)|Regius Professor of Civil Law]], was given the job, but he was probably assisted by either [[John Randall (Cambridge)|Dr John Randall]] (1715–99), who was the [[Professor of Music, Cambridge University|Professor of Music]] from 1755, or his brilliant undergraduate pupil, [[William Crotch]] (1775–1847). This chime is traditionally, though without substantiation, believed to be a set of variations on the four notes that make up the fifth and sixth bars of "[[Messiah Part III#45|I know that my Redeemer liveth]]" from [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]]'s ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]''.<ref>Claimed for example by [http://mto.societymusictheory.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison_essay.html Harrison, "Tolling Time", note 16] in Music Theory Online 6/4, October 2000.</ref> This is why the chime is also played by the bells of the so-called 'Red Tower' in [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], the native town of Handel.',
21 => ' ',
22 => 'According to the church records of [[Trinity Episcopal Church (Williamsport, Pennsylvania)]], this chime sequence was incorporated into a tower clock mechanism by the [[E. Howard & Co.]], Boston, MA. The clock and chime in Trinity's steeple base was dedicated in December 1875. It holds the distinction of being the first tower clock in the United States to sound the Cambridge Quarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org/History/history.html|title=History|website=trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org|access-date=February 26, 2019}}</ref>',
23 => '==Other uses==',
24 => '{{multiple issues|section=yes|',
25 => '{{More citations needed section|date=February 2015}}',
26 => '{{example farm|date=September 2015}}',
27 => '}}',
28 => '* The chime is also used in some [[doorbell]]s and [[bell (school)|school bells]]. Most schools in [[Japan]], [[Taiwan]], and [[South Korea]] play the chimes to signal the end and beginning of classes.',
29 => '* The chime is used as the signal for counting the quorum in the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]].',
30 => '* Some electronic [[civil defense siren]]s in the United States manufactured by [[Federal Signal Corporation]] such as the Electronic Outdoor Warning Siren ([[EOWS]]), [[Federal Signal Modulator|Modulator]], and the Directional Speaker Array (DSA) sound off the chimes on a daily basis. It is also used in Japan and the Philippines by some loudspeakers installed in public areas as a time signal.',
31 => '* On the Japanese game show ''[[Panel Quiz Attack 25]]'', which airs on [[TV Asahi]], the chimes signal the end of the game when there are any boxes left on the board.',
32 => '* In [[Indonesia]], train stations play the chimes as a sign of train departure and arrival.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Widiarini |title=Yang Kadang Terlupa dari Stasiun Terbesar di Semarang |url=https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-3390739/yang-kadang-terlupa-dari-stasiun-terbesar-di-semarang |access-date=16 June 2019 |work=detikTravel |date=17 February 2017 |language=id}}</ref> Upon arrival of a train, the chimes will be looped continuously until it departs from the station, which may last up to 10–15 minutes. ',
33 => '* [[Louis Vierne]]'s organ piece ''[[Carillon de Westminster]]'' is a set of variations on one of the five chimes.',
34 => '* [[Cyrillus Kreek]]'s ''Requiem'' (1927) uses the chimes in the Introitus.',
35 => '* The rock band [[Focus (band)|Focus]] incorporated the Second Quarter chime at the very end of their album [[Hamburger Concerto]] in 1974.',
36 => '* The rock band [[Cheap Trick]] incorporates a guitar version of the chimes on their song "[[Clock Strikes Ten]]" from their 1977 studio album ''[[In Color (album)|In Color]]''. A live version also appears on their 1978 live album ''[[Cheap Trick at Budokan]]''.',
37 => '* At [[Yankee Stadium]], the chimes are played whenever a member of the [[New York Yankees]] scores a run, a tradition that began at their original ballpark (the beginning of ''Workaholic'' by [[2 Unlimited]]).<ref>{{cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |title=New York Yankees say goodbye to cathedral of baseball |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/20/usa |date=19 September 2008 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref>',
38 => '* For the satirical TV series ''[[Yes Minister]]'' and its sequel ''Yes, Prime Minister'', about a British politician and his interactions with the civil servants who nominally serve him, the [[theme music]] was composed by [[Ronnie Hazlehurst]] and is largely based on the chimes (though with a longer duration for the first note of each quarter, which arguably makes the derivation less obvious). When asked in an interview about its [[Palace of Westminster|Westminster]] influence, Hazlehurst replied, "That's all it is. It's the easiest thing I've ever done."<ref>{{cite web|publisher=BBC |title= BBC New Talent: Advice for new TV composers |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newtalent/music/realmedia/ronnie.ram |access-date=2 September 2006}}</ref>',
39 => '* In [[Kintetsu Nagoya Station]] of [[Nagoya, Japan]], [[Kintetsu Railway]] uses a combination of this tone together with sections from "[[Waves of the Danube]]" as the [[Train melody|departure melody]] for its limited express services departing from [[Kintetsu Nagoya Station|Nagoya]] towards [[Osaka Namba Station|Osaka]] since 1978.',
40 => '* The first three [[Five Nights At Freddy's]] games, the chime is used to signify the player's win of the round.',
41 => ':''All through this hour''',
42 => ':''Lord be my guide''',
43 => ':''That by Thy power''',
44 => ':''No foot shall slide''.',
45 => ':''O Lord our God''',
46 => ':''Be Thou our guide''',
47 => ':''That by thy help''',
48 => ':''No foot may slide''.',
49 => ':''O Lord our God''',
50 => ':''Be Thou our guide''',
51 => ':''So by Thy power''',
52 => ':''No foot shall slide''.',
53 => 'A variation on this, to the same tune, is prayed at the end of a [[Brownies (Girl Guides)|Brownie]] meeting in the UK and Canada:',
54 => ':''Oh Lord our God''',
55 => ':''Thy children call''',
56 => ':''Grant us Thy peace''',
57 => ':''And bless us all, Amen''.',
58 => '*[http://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm The Cambridge Chimes]'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '| description = [[MIDI]] file playing Westminster Quarters striking six o'clock',
1 => 'The '''Westminster Quarters''' is the name for a melody used by a set of [[striking clock]] [[bell]]s to mark each quarter-hour. The number of chime sets matches the number of quarter hours that have passed. It is also known as the '''Westminster Chimes''', from its use at the [[Big Ben|Palace of Westminster]], or the '''Cambridge Quarters'''<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference 2004{{full citation needed|date=September 2021}}</ref> from its place of origin, the [[church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge]].',
2 => '{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2021}}',
3 => 'The quarters portion of the melody consists of four different [[combination]]s of four distinct [[pitch (music)|pitches]], which at Westminster is keyed to [[E major]] and the pitches are [[B (musical note)|B]]<sub>3</sub>, [[E (musical note)|E]]<sub>4</sub>, [[F♯ (musical note)|F{{music|#}}]]<sub>4</sub> and [[G♯ (musical note)|G{{music|#}}]]<sub>4</sub>,<ref name="Westminster Chimes (1858)">{{Cite journal|title=Westminster Chimes|journal=Musical Times and Singing Class Circular|volume=8|page=350|date=December 1, 1858|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3369957}}</ref> making up the five sets of notes',
4 => '# G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>',
5 => '# E<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>',
6 => '# E<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>',
7 => '# G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub>',
8 => '# B<sub>3</sub>, F{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, G{{music|#}}<sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>',
9 => 'each played as three [[crotchet]]s (quarter note) and a [[minim (music)|minim]]<!-- Disputed: Sounds like three crotchets and a NON-dotted minim to me --> (half note). These are always played in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and each set is used twice every hour. Set 1 is played at the first quarter, sets 2 and 3 at the half, sets 4, 5 and 1 at the third quarter, and sets 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the hour, as follows. Note that these sounds have been recreated as electronic, midi files and do not necessarily represent the actual sounds of the bells:',
10 => '|<score sound="1"> \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}</score>',
11 => '|<score sound="1"> \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2\bar "|."|}</score>',
12 => '<!--[[File:Westminster Quarter 2.svg|frameless|upright=1.78]]-->',
13 => '|<score sound="1"> \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}</score>',
14 => '|<score sound="1"> \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2 | gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | R1*5/4\fermata \bar "||" \clef bass \time 4/4 e,1^"Big Ben" | e1| e1 \bar "|."| }</score>',
15 => '<br>[[File:Westminster Big Ben.svg|frameless|upright=0.83]] ( Big Ben)-->',
16 => 'The full hour chime consists of the fourth-quarter chime followed by one strike for the number of the hour of the hour strike (one strike for one o'clock, two strikes for two o'clock, and so on). At Westminster, the hour strike is an E<sub>3</sub>, struck by [[Big Ben]].',
17 => 'In other words, the cycle of five (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is played twice in the course of an hour. For a clock chiming mechanism, this has the advantage that the mechanism that trips the hammers need only store five sequences (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) instead of ten. The mechanism then plays two complete sets of five sequences for each complete hour. In musical terms, the first and third quarters finish on the [[Dominant (music)|dominant]] (B), while the second and fourth quarters (the half and full hours) finish on the [[Tonic (music)|tonic]] (E). This produces the satisfying musical effect that has contributed to the popularity of the chimes. Note that the pitch of the Big Ben clip is closer to F than E in modern [[concert pitch]].',
18 => 'It was written in 1793 for a new clock in [[St Mary the Great with St Michael, Cambridge|St Mary the Great, the University Church]] in [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. There is some doubt over exactly who composed it: [[Joseph Jowett]], [[Regius Professor of Civil Law (Cambridge)|Regius Professor of Civil Law]], was given the job, but he was probably assisted by either [[John Randall (organist)|John Randall]] (1715–99), who was the [[Professor of Music (Cambridge)|Professor of Music]] from 1755, or his brilliant undergraduate pupil, [[William Crotch]] (1775–1847). This chime is traditionally, though without substantiation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cambridge Chimes |author=Society of Cambridge Youths |url=https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730210746/https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm |archive-date=2018-07-30}}</ref> believed to be a set of variations on the four notes that make up the fifth and sixth bars of "[[Messiah Part III#45|I know that my Redeemer liveth]]" from [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]]'s ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]''.<ref>Claimed for example by {{Cite journal|last=Harrison|first=Daniel|date=October 2000|title=Tolling Time|journal=Music Theory Online|volume=6|issue=4|url=https://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison.html|at=note 16}} Note that Harrison, in note 16, in turn cites Starmer, in footnote 6; so this ultimately traces back to Amp’s account, as quoted by Raven, as quoted by Starmer.</ref><ref name="Starmer (1907)">{{Cite journal|last=Starmer|first=William Wooding|year=1907|title=Chimes|journal=Proceedings of the Musical Association|volume=34|page=7–10|url=https://ia800708.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/22/items/crossref-pre-1909-scholarly-works/10.1093%252Fjhered%252Fos-3.1.263.zip&file=10.1093%252Fjrma%252F34.1.1.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|8–9}} This is why the chime is also played by the bells of the so-called 'Red Tower' in [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], the native town of Handel.',
19 => 'According to the church records of [[Trinity Episcopal Church (Williamsport, Pennsylvania)]], this chime sequence was incorporated into a tower clock mechanism by the [[E. Howard & Co.]], Boston, Massachusetts. The clock and chime in Trinity's steeple base was dedicated in December 1875. It holds the distinction of being the first tower clock in the United States to sound the Cambridge Quarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org/History/history.html|title=History|website=trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org|access-date=February 26, 2019}}</ref>',
20 => '==Other uses==',
21 => '* In Indonesia, train stations play the chimes [[Train melody|as a sign]] of train departure and arrival.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Widiarini |title=Yang Kadang Terlupa dari Stasiun Terbesar di Semarang|trans-title=Sometimes forgotten from the biggest station in Semarang|url=https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-3390739/yang-kadang-terlupa-dari-stasiun-terbesar-di-semarang |access-date=16 June 2019 |work=detikTravel |date=17 February 2017 |language=id}}</ref> Upon arrival of a train, the chimes will be looped continuously until it departs from the station, which may last up to 10–15 minutes.',
22 => '* In [[Portsmouth]], England, local [[association football]] fans have sung a football chant variation of the Westminster Quarters, known as the "Pompey Chimes", since 1894. "Pompey" is the nickname of the city of Portsmouth. The "Pompey Chimes" chant originated from the nearby chiming clock tower bells of [[Portsmouth Guildhall]], which was built in 1890.<ref>https://www.pfga.online/ring-a-ding-ding</ref>',
23 => '* At [[Yankee Stadium]], the chimes are played whenever a member of the [[New York Yankees]] scores a run, a tradition that began at their original ballpark (the beginning of ''Workaholic'' by [[2 Unlimited]]).<ref>{{cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |title=New York Yankees say goodbye to cathedral of baseball |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/20/usa |date=19 September 2008 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref>',
24 => '* At the close of the [[Warner Bros.]] [[Warner Bros. Cartoons|cartoons]] ''[[Now Hear This (film)|Now Hear This]]'' (1963), the first four notes of the Westminster Quarters play to bring on the four elements of the abstract "WB" lettering, then as the words "A Warner Bros. CartOOn" scroll appear, Big Ben chimes, and then as the letters ''OO'' in ''Cartoon'' separate from the words, a bicycle horn is heard squeaking three times. Big Ben gives one more chime as the words finish appearing on the screen before the fadeout.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}',
25 => '* For the satirical TV series ''[[Yes Minister]]'' (1980–1984) and its sequel ''Yes, Prime Minister'' (1986–1988), about a British politician and his interactions with the civil servants who nominally serve him, the [[theme music]] was composed by [[Ronnie Hazlehurst]] and is largely based on the chimes (though with a longer duration for the first note of each quarter, which arguably makes the derivation less obvious). When asked in an interview about its [[Palace of Westminster|Westminster]] influence, Hazlehurst replied, "That's all it is. It's the easiest thing I've ever done."<ref>{{cite web|publisher=BBC |title= BBC New Talent: Advice for new TV composers |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newtalent/music/realmedia/ronnie.ram |access-date=2 September 2006}}</ref>',
26 => '',
27 => '<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">All through this hour',
28 => 'Lord be my guide',
29 => 'That by Thy power',
30 => 'No foot shall slide.</poem>',
31 => '<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">O Lord our God',
32 => 'Be Thou our guide',
33 => 'That by thy help',
34 => 'No foot may slide.</poem>',
35 => '<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">O Lord our God',
36 => 'Be Thou our guide',
37 => 'So by Thy power',
38 => 'No foot shall slide.</poem>',
39 => 'A variation on this, to the same tune, is prayed at the end of a [[Brownies (Scouting)|Brownie]] meeting in the UK and Canada:',
40 => '<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">Oh Lord our God',
41 => 'Thy children call',
42 => 'Grant us Thy peace',
43 => 'And bless us all, Amen.</poem>',
44 => '*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180730210746/https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm The Cambridge Chimes]'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [
0 => 'http://mto.societymusictheory.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison_essay.html',
1 => 'http://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm'
] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [
0 => 'https://ia800708.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/22/items/crossref-pre-1909-scholarly-works/10.1093%252Fjhered%252Fos-3.1.263.zip&file=10.1093%252Fjrma%252F34.1.1.pdf',
1 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180730210746/https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm',
2 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/3369957',
3 => 'https://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison.html',
4 => 'https://www.pfga.online/ring-a-ding-ding',
5 => 'https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm'
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1 => 'https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/what-tune-does-big-ben-chime/',
2 => 'https://trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org/History/history.html',
3 => 'https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-3390739/yang-kadang-terlupa-dari-stasiun-terbesar-di-semarang',
4 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/20/usa',
5 => 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/newtalent/music/realmedia/ronnie.ram',
6 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=r5V4HUiKRCUC&q=%22big%20ben%22%20%22words%20and%20music%20of%20the%20chimes%22&pg=SA2-PA36',
7 => 'http://www.gsm.cam.ac.uk',
8 => 'https://www.straightdope.com/21342453/who-wrote-the-clock-chime-tune',
9 => 'http://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm',
10 => 'http://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison.html',
11 => 'http://www.rochester.edu/sesqui/chimes.html',
12 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220300/http://www.bhi.co.uk/aHints/chimes.html'
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Links in the page, before the edit (old_links) | [
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1 => 'http://www.gsm.cam.ac.uk',
2 => 'http://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison.html',
3 => 'http://www.rochester.edu/sesqui/chimes.html',
4 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=r5V4HUiKRCUC&q=%22big%20ben%22%20%22words%20and%20music%20of%20the%20chimes%22&pg=SA2-PA36',
5 => 'https://ia800708.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/22/items/crossref-pre-1909-scholarly-works/10.1093%252Fjhered%252Fos-3.1.263.zip&file=10.1093%252Fjrma%252F34.1.1.pdf',
6 => 'https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-3390739/yang-kadang-terlupa-dari-stasiun-terbesar-di-semarang',
7 => 'https://trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org/History/history.html',
8 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220300/http://www.bhi.co.uk/aHints/chimes.html',
9 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180730210746/https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm',
10 => 'https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/what-tune-does-big-ben-chime/',
11 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/3369957',
12 => 'https://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison.html',
13 => 'https://www.pfga.online/ring-a-ding-ding',
14 => 'https://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm',
15 => 'https://www.straightdope.com/21342453/who-wrote-the-clock-chime-tune',
16 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/20/usa'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Clock chime melody</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
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<td class="mbox-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></div></div></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="line-height:1.1em"><div class="haudio">
<div style="padding:4px 0"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Westminster-chimes.mid" title="File:Westminster-chimes.mid">Westminster chimes</a></div>
<div><div class="mediaContainer" style="width:220px"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" style="width:220px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="31.5" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Westminster-chimes.mid" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Westminster-chimes.mid" type="audio/midi" data-title="Original ⧼timedmedia-midi⧽ file (59 bps)" data-shorttitle="⧼timedmedia-midi⧽ source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="59" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Westminster-chimes.mid/Westminster-chimes.mid.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-title="Ogg Vorbis" data-shorttitle="Ogg Vorbis" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="72112" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Westminster-chimes.mid/Westminster-chimes.mid.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-title="MP3" data-shorttitle="MP3" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="128968" /></audio></div></div>
<div class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Musical_Instrument_Digital_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical Instrument Digital Interface">midi</a> file playing Westminster Quarters striking six o'clock</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="mbox-text" style="line-height:1.1em"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>The <b>Westminster Quarters</b> is the name for a melody used by a set of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Striking_clock" title="Striking clock">striking clock</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bell_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell (instrument)">bells</a> to mark each quarter-hour. The number of chime sets matches the number of quarter hours that have passed. It is also known as the <b>Westminster Chimes</b>, from its use at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Palace of Westminster</a>, or the <b>Cambridge Quarters</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> from its place of origin, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary_the_Great,_Cambridge" title="Church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge">church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Other_uses"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Other uses</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Words"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Words</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Description">Description</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Quarters&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Quarters&action=edit">improve this section</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The melody consists of four different <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Permutation" title="Permutation">permutations</a> of four <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitches</a> in the key of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/E_major" title="E major">E major</a> plus one arrangement omitting B<sub>3</sub> and repeating E<sub>4</sub> (3). The pitches are <a href="/enwiki/wiki/B_(musical_note)" title="B (musical note)">B</a><sub>3</sub>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/E_(musical_note)" title="E (musical note)">E</a><sub>4</sub>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/F%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="F♯ (musical note)">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a><sub>4</sub> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/G%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="G♯ (musical note)">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a><sub>4</sub>.
</p><p>The notes used are:
</p>
<ol><li>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>, F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub></li>
<li>E<sub>4</sub>, G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>, F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub></li>
<li>E<sub>4</sub>, F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>, G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub></li>
<li>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub>, F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>, B<sub>3</sub></li>
<li>B<sub>3</sub>, F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>, G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span><sub>4</sub>, E<sub>4</sub></li></ol>
<p>played as three <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crotchet" class="mw-redirect" title="Crotchet">crotchets</a> (quarter note) and a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minim_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minim (music)">minim</a> (half note). These are always played in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and each set is used twice every hour. Set 1 is played at the first quarter, sets 2 and 3 at the half, sets 4, 5 and 1 at the third quarter, and sets 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the hour, as follows. Note that these sounds have been recreated as electronic, midi files and do not necessarily represent the actual sounds of the bells:
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td>First quarter:
</td>
<td><div class="mw-ext-score" data-midi="/upwiki/score/2/l/2ly81pdpmd6sg865ftyu0htljjcc0f9/2ly81pdp.midi"><img src="/upwiki/score/2/l/2ly81pdpmd6sg865ftyu0htljjcc0f9/2ly81pdp.png" width="195" height="60" alt=" \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}" /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Half-hour:
</td>
<td><div class="mw-ext-score" data-midi="/upwiki/score/f/6/f6s9o5mfc3zoo0z5efd9hrhnle9o75j/f6s9o5mf.midi"><img src="/upwiki/score/f/6/f6s9o5mfc3zoo0z5efd9hrhnle9o75j/f6s9o5mf.png" width="297" height="58" alt=" \relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major e4^"2" gis fis b,2 | e4^"3" fis gis e2\bar "|."|}" /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Third quarter:
</td>
<td><div class="mw-ext-score" data-midi="/upwiki/score/a/x/axoejoitth24rsrqcyejx8jo7t70scw/axoejoit.midi"><img src="/upwiki/score/a/x/axoejoitth24rsrqcyejx8jo7t70scw/axoejoit.png" width="395" height="60" alt=" \relative c'' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \time 5/4 \key e \major gis4^"4" e fis b,2 | b4^"5" fis' gis e2 | gis4^"1" fis e b2\bar "|."|}" /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Full hour (3 o'clock example):
</td>
<td><div class="errorbox mw-ext-score-error"><p>Unable to compile LilyPond input file:
</p>
<pre lang="en" dir="ltr">line 1 - column 179:
unknown escaped string: `\fermataMarkup'
--------
line 1 - column 179:
string outside of text script or \lyricmode</pre></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
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<td class="mbox-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></div></div></td>
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<div style="padding:4px 0"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BBC_World_Service_Westminster_chimes.ogg" title="File:BBC World Service Westminster chimes.ogg">BBC World Service quarter chimes</a></div>
<div><div class="mediaContainer" style="width:220px"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" style="width:220px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="14.4" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="BBC_World_Service_Westminster_chimes.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/f/fd/BBC_World_Service_Westminster_chimes.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-title="Original Ogg file (62 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="61609" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/transcoded/f/fd/BBC_World_Service_Westminster_chimes.ogg/BBC_World_Service_Westminster_chimes.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-title="MP3" data-shorttitle="MP3" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="124224" /></audio></div></div>
<div class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">Size: 109 kBytes</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="mbox-text" style="line-height:1.1em"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>The full hour chime is followed by one strike for the number of the hour by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a> (E<sub>3</sub>) (one strike for one o'clock, two strikes for two o'clock, and so on).
</p><p>In other words, the cycle of five (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is played twice in the course of an hour. For a clock chiming mechanism, this has the advantage that the mechanism that trips the hammers need only store five sequences (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) instead of ten. The mechanism then plays two complete sets of five sequences for each complete hour. In musical terms, the first and third quarters finish on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dominant_(music)" title="Dominant (music)">dominant</a> (B), while the second and fourth quarters (the half and full hours) finish on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tonic_(music)" title="Tonic (music)">tonic</a> (E). This produces the satisfying musical effect that has contributed to the popularity of the chimes. Note that the pitch of the Big Ben clip is closer to F than E in modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concert_pitch" title="Concert pitch">concert pitch</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Quarters&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Big_ben_closeup.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Big_ben_closeup.jpg/220px-Big_ben_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Big_ben_closeup.jpg/330px-Big_ben_closeup.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Big_ben_closeup.jpg/440px-Big_ben_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Big_ben_closeup.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a> (the Elizabeth Tower) at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>, the namesake of the chime</div></div></div>
<p>It was written in 1793 for a new clock in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St_Mary_the_Great_with_St_Michael,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mary the Great with St Michael, Cambridge">St Mary the Great, the University Church</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. There is some doubt over exactly who composed it: Revd Dr <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Jowett" title="Joseph Jowett">Joseph Jowett</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regius_Professor_of_Civil_Law_(Cambridge)" title="Regius Professor of Civil Law (Cambridge)">Regius Professor of Civil Law</a>, was given the job, but he was probably assisted by either <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Randall_(Cambridge)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Randall (Cambridge)">Dr John Randall</a> (1715–99), who was the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Professor_of_Music,_Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor of Music, Cambridge University">Professor of Music</a> from 1755, or his brilliant undergraduate pupil, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Crotch" title="William Crotch">William Crotch</a> (1775–1847). This chime is traditionally, though without substantiation, believed to be a set of variations on the four notes that make up the fifth and sixth bars of "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Messiah_Part_III#45" title="Messiah Part III">I know that my Redeemer liveth</a>" from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">Handel</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Messiah_(Handel)" title="Messiah (Handel)">Messiah</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> This is why the chime is also played by the bells of the so-called 'Red Tower' in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halle,_Saxony-Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Halle, Saxony-Anhalt">Halle</a>, the native town of Handel.
</p><p>In 1851, the chime was adopted by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edmund_Beckett,_1st_Baron_Grimthorpe" title="Edmund Beckett, 1st Baron Grimthorpe">Edmund Beckett Denison</a> (an amateur <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horology" title="Horology">horologist</a>, and graduate of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>, who was very familiar with the St Mary's chime) for the new clock at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>, where <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a> hangs. From there its fame spread. It is now one of the most commonly used chimes for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Striking_clock" title="Striking clock">striking clocks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to the church records of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trinity_Episcopal_Church_(Williamsport,_Pennsylvania)" title="Trinity Episcopal Church (Williamsport, Pennsylvania)">Trinity Episcopal Church (Williamsport, Pennsylvania)</a>, this chime sequence was incorporated into a tower clock mechanism by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/E._Howard_%26_Co." title="E. Howard & Co.">E. Howard & Co.</a>, Boston, MA. The clock and chime in Trinity's steeple base was dedicated in December 1875. It holds the distinction of being the first tower clock in the United States to sound the Cambridge Quarters.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_uses">Other uses</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Quarters&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other uses">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Quarters&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<ul><li>The chime is also used in some <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doorbell" title="Doorbell">doorbells</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bell_(school)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell (school)">school bells</a>. Most schools in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> play the chimes to signal the end and beginning of classes.</li>
<li>The chime is used as the signal for counting the quorum in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council of Hong Kong</a>.</li>
<li>Some electronic <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Civil_defense_siren" title="Civil defense siren">civil defense sirens</a> in the United States manufactured by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Signal_Corporation" title="Federal Signal Corporation">Federal Signal Corporation</a> such as the Electronic Outdoor Warning Siren (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/EOWS" class="mw-redirect" title="EOWS">EOWS</a>), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Signal_Modulator" title="Federal Signal Modulator">Modulator</a>, and the Directional Speaker Array (DSA) sound off the chimes on a daily basis. It is also used in Japan and the Philippines by some loudspeakers installed in public areas as a time signal.</li>
<li>On the Japanese game show <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Panel_Quiz_Attack_25" title="Panel Quiz Attack 25">Panel Quiz Attack 25</a></i>, which airs on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">TV Asahi</a>, the chimes signal the end of the game when there are any boxes left on the board.</li>
<li>In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, train stations play the chimes as a sign of train departure and arrival.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> Upon arrival of a train, the chimes will be looped continuously until it departs from the station, which may last up to 10–15 minutes.</li>
<li>In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a>' <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_London_Symphony" title="A London Symphony">A London Symphony</a></i>, the half hour (2/3) of the Westminster Quarters is heard near the beginning of the work and the first three phrases of the hour (2/3/4) near the end.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Vierne" title="Louis Vierne">Louis Vierne</a>'s organ piece <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carillon_de_Westminster" title="Carillon de Westminster">Carillon de Westminster</a></i> is a set of variations on one of the five chimes.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyrillus_Kreek" title="Cyrillus Kreek">Cyrillus Kreek</a>'s <i>Requiem</i> (1927) uses the chimes in the Introitus.</li>
<li>The rock band <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Focus_(band)" title="Focus (band)">Focus</a> incorporated the Second Quarter chime at the very end of their album <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hamburger_Concerto" title="Hamburger Concerto">Hamburger Concerto</a> in 1974.</li>
<li>The rock band <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cheap_Trick" title="Cheap Trick">Cheap Trick</a> incorporates a guitar version of the chimes on their song "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clock_Strikes_Ten" title="Clock Strikes Ten">Clock Strikes Ten</a>" from their 1977 studio album <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/In_Color_(album)" title="In Color (album)">In Color</a></i>. A live version also appears on their 1978 live album <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cheap_Trick_at_Budokan" title="Cheap Trick at Budokan">Cheap Trick at Budokan</a></i>.</li>
<li>The rock band <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> incorporated the Third Quarter chime as a guitar harmonic in the song "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/11_O%27Clock_Tick_Tock" title="11 O'Clock Tick Tock">11 O'Clock Tick Tock</a>" in 1980.</li>
<li>At <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yankee_Stadium" title="Yankee Stadium">Yankee Stadium</a>, the chimes are played whenever a member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> scores a run, a tradition that began at their original ballpark (the beginning of <i>Workaholic</i> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2_Unlimited" title="2 Unlimited">2 Unlimited</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup></li>
<li>For the satirical TV series <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yes_Minister" title="Yes Minister">Yes Minister</a></i> and its sequel <i>Yes, Prime Minister</i>, about a British politician and his interactions with the civil servants who nominally serve him, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theme_music" title="Theme music">theme music</a> was composed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronnie_Hazlehurst" title="Ronnie Hazlehurst">Ronnie Hazlehurst</a> and is largely based on the chimes (though with a longer duration for the first note of each quarter, which arguably makes the derivation less obvious). When asked in an interview about its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Westminster</a> influence, Hazlehurst replied, "That's all it is. It's the easiest thing I've ever done."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></li>
<li>In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kintetsu_Nagoya_Station" title="Kintetsu Nagoya Station">Kintetsu Nagoya Station</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nagoya,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagoya, Japan">Nagoya, Japan</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kintetsu_Railway" title="Kintetsu Railway">Kintetsu Railway</a> uses a combination of this tone together with sections from "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waves_of_the_Danube" title="Waves of the Danube">Waves of the Danube</a>" as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Train_melody" title="Train melody">departure melody</a> for its limited express services departing from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kintetsu_Nagoya_Station" title="Kintetsu Nagoya Station">Nagoya</a> towards <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Osaka_Namba_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Osaka Namba Station">Osaka</a> since 1978.</li>
<li>The first three <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Five_Nights_At_Freddy%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Nights At Freddy's">Five Nights At Freddy's</a> games, the chime is used to signify the player's win of the round.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Words">Words</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Quarters&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Words">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The prayer inscribed on a plaque in the Big Ben clock room reads:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><i>All through this hour</i></dd>
<dd><i>Lord be my guide</i></dd>
<dd><i>That by Thy power</i></dd>
<dd><i>No foot shall slide</i>.</dd></dl>
<p>The conventional prayers are:
</p>
<dl><dd><i>O Lord our God</i></dd>
<dd><i>Be Thou our guide</i></dd>
<dd><i>That by thy help</i></dd>
<dd><i>No foot may slide</i>.</dd></dl>
<p>An alternative prayer changes the third line:
</p>
<dl><dd><i>O Lord our God</i></dd>
<dd><i>Be Thou our guide</i></dd>
<dd><i>So by Thy power</i></dd>
<dd><i>No foot shall slide</i>.</dd></dl>
<p>A variation on this, to the same tune, is prayed at the end of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brownies_(Girl_Guides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownies (Girl Guides)">Brownie</a> meeting in the UK and Canada:
</p>
<dl><dd><i>Oh Lord our God</i></dd>
<dd><i>Thy children call</i></dd>
<dd><i>Grant us Thy peace</i></dd>
<dd><i>And bless us all, Amen</i>.</dd></dl>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Quarters&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference 2004</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claimed for example by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mto.societymusictheory.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison_essay.html">Harrison, "Tolling Time", note 16</a> in Music Theory Online 6/4, October 2000.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/what-tune-does-big-ben-chime/">"What tune does Big Ben chime? And everything else you wanted to know about the country's most famous bell"</a>. <i>Classic FM</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Classic+FM&rft.atitle=What+tune+does+Big+Ben+chime%3F+And+everything+else+you+wanted+to+know+about+the+country%27s+most+famous+bell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicfm.com%2Fdiscover-music%2Fwhat-tune-does-big-ben-chime%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Quarters" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org/History/history.html">"History"</a>. <i>trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trinity-williamsport.diocpa.org&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrinity-williamsport.diocpa.org%2FHistory%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Quarters" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWidiarini2017" class="citation news cs1">Widiarini (17 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-3390739/yang-kadang-terlupa-dari-stasiun-terbesar-di-semarang">"Yang Kadang Terlupa dari Stasiun Terbesar di Semarang"</a>. <i>detikTravel</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=detikTravel&rft.atitle=Yang+Kadang+Terlupa+dari+Stasiun+Terbesar+di+Semarang&rft.date=2017-02-17&rft.au=Widiarini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftravel.detik.com%2Fdtravelers_stories%2Fu-3390739%2Fyang-kadang-terlupa-dari-stasiun-terbesar-di-semarang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Quarters" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPilkington2008" class="citation news cs1">Pilkington, Ed (19 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/20/usa">"New York Yankees say goodbye to cathedral of baseball"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=New+York+Yankees+say+goodbye+to+cathedral+of+baseball&rft.date=2008-09-19&rft.aulast=Pilkington&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2008%2Fsep%2F20%2Fusa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Quarters" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/newtalent/music/realmedia/ronnie.ram">"BBC New Talent: Advice for new TV composers"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+New+Talent%3A+Advice+for+new+TV+composers&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnewtalent%2Fmusic%2Frealmedia%2Fronnie.ram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Quarters" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMcKay2010" class="citation book cs1">McKay, Chris (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r5V4HUiKRCUC&q=%22big%20ben%22%20%22words%20and%20music%20of%20the%20chimes%22&pg=SA2-PA36"><i>Big Ben: the Great Clock and the Bells at the Palace of Westminster</i></a>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191615085" title="Special:BookSources/9780191615085"><bdi>9780191615085</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Big+Ben%3A+the+Great+Clock+and+the+Bells+at+the+Palace+of+Westminster&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780191615085&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr5V4HUiKRCUC%26q%3D%2522big%2520ben%2522%2520%2522words%2520and%2520music%2520of%2520the%2520chimes%2522%26pg%3DSA2-PA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Quarters" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Quarters&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gsm.cam.ac.uk">The parish of St Mary the Great with St Michael, Cambridge</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straightdope.com/21342453/who-wrote-the-clock-chime-tune"><i>The Straight Dope</i> on the Westminster Quarters</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scy.org.uk/chimes.htm">The Cambridge Chimes</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.00.6.4/mto.00.6.4.harrison.html">A music theory article on the Westminster Quarters and other clock chimes</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rochester.edu/sesqui/chimes.html">Rochester Quarters</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220300/http://www.bhi.co.uk/aHints/chimes.html">1941 British Horological Institute article on chimes rarely encountered by clock repairers</a></li></ul>
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1632536074 |