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{{Tone|date=September 2021}}
{{Italians}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
This is a '''list of [[Italian people|Italians]]''', who are identified with the [[Italy|Italian]] [[nation]] through residential, [[Italian nationality law|legal]], [[History of Italy|historical]], or [[Culture of Italy|cultural means]], grouped by their area of notability.
{{dynamic list|date=January 2013}}
{{TOC right}}
== Acting ==
=== Actors ===
{{main|List of Italian actors}}
* [[Roberto Benigni]] (born 1952), actor, comedian, screenwriter, director, known outside of Italy for directing and acting in the 1997 [[tragicomedy]] ''[[Life is Beautiful]]'', for which he won the [[71st Academy Awards|1999 Oscar]] for Best Actor
*[[Rossano Brazzi]] (1916–1994), actor. was propelled to international fame with his role in the English-language film ''Three Coins in the Fountain'' (1954), followed by the leading male role in David Lean's ''Summertime'' (1955), opposite Katharine Hepburn.
* [[Nino Castelnuovo]] (born 1936), actor. He is most famous for playing opposite Catherine Deneuve in the 1964 film Les Parapluies de Cherbourg [[The Umbrellas of Cherbourg]] and in Italy, for his lead performance in the popular 1967 [[RAI]] TV mini-series [[I Promessi Sposi]].
* [[Tino Caspanello]] (born 1983), actor, playwright, director, and set designer
* [[Gino Cervi]] (1901–1974), actor and manager, known outside of Italy for his film portrayal of a small-town Communist mayor in the [[Don Camillo]] films
* [[Eduardo De Filippo]] (1900–1984), playwright and actor. In his scores of plays he combined pathos and farce
* [[Robert De Niro]] (born 1943), playwright and actor
* [[Manuel De Peppe]] (born 1970) actor, singer, arranger, music producer, composer, pianist, arranger
* [[Vittorio Gassman]] (1922–2000), film and theatre actor and director
* [[Elio Germano]] (born 1980), actor who won the [[Best Actor Award (Cannes Film Festival)|Best Actor Award]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] in 2010
* [[Giancarlo Giannini]] (born 1942), actor and dubber, known for his powerful leads in [[Lina Wertmüller]] films, controversial tragicomedies that deal with sex and politics
* [[Terence Hill]] (born 1939), actor, who became famous for playing in Italian western movies (also called [[Spaghetti Western]]s) together with his friend and partner [[Bud Spencer]]
* [[Nino Manfredi]] (1921–2004), actor, one of the most prominent in the ''[[commedia all'italiana]]'' genre
* [[Marcello Mastroianni]] (1924–1996), actor who became the preeminent leading man in [[Italian cinema]] during the 1960s. He acted in more than 100 movies
* [[Amedeo Nazzari]] (1907–1979), actor. He had a long and distinguished movie career, spanning four decades and including over 100 films
* [[Alberto Sordi]] (1920–2003), actor. Depicted the vices, virtues, and foibles of post-World War II Italy in a long career of mostly comic films and was regarded as a national icon
* [[Ugo Tognazzi]] (1922–1990), film and theatre actor
* [[Totò]] (1898–1967) (Antonio de Curtis), actor. Likened by international film critics to the American film comic [[Buster Keaton]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/600546/Toto "Totò"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Massimo Troisi]] (1953–1994), actor and director. Internationally, known for co-starring in ''[[Il Postino]]'' (1994)
* [[Rudolph Valentino]] (1895–1926), actor, who was idolized as the "Great Lover" of the 1920s
* [[Carlo Verdone]] (born 1950), actor, screenwriter and film director, specialized in comedies
* [[Gian Maria Volonté]] (1933–1994), actor. Known outside of Italy for his roles in ''[[A Fistful of Dollars]]'' (1964) and ''[[For a Few Dollars More]]'' (1965)
* [[Stefano Accorsi]] (born 1971), actor, known for ''[[Jack Frusciante è uscito dal gruppo]]'' (1995)
=== Actresses ===
{{main|List of Italian actresses}}
* [[Clara Calamai]] (1909–1998), actress. She is most remembered as the actress playing Carlo's mother, female lead in Luchino Visconti's ''[[Ossessione]]'' (1943)
* [[Claudia Cardinale]] (born 1938), actress. Her films include ''[[8½]]'' (1963) and ''[[Once Upon a Time in the West]]'' (1968)
* [[Eleonora Duse]] (1858–1924), the most fluent and expressive actress of her day, she was especially noted for her roles in [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s plays<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/174404/Eleonora-Duse "Eleonora Duse"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Virna Lisi]] (1936–2014), one of the most famous Italian actresses. She has won [[Best Actress Award (Cannes Film Festival)|Cannes]] and [[César Award|César]] awards.
* [[Gina Lollobrigida]] (born 1927), actress. One of the first European [[sex symbol]]s to emerge from the rubble of World War II
* [[Sophia Loren]] (born 1934), actress. One of Italy's great 20th-century sex symbols
* [[Anna Magnani]] (1908–1973), actress. In the United States, she was nominated twice for an [[Academy Award]] for best actress, winning the Oscar in 1955 for her role in ''[[The Rose Tattoo (film)|The Rose Tattoo]]''
* [[Silvana Mangano]] (1930–1989), actress, known for the critically acclaimed 1949 film, ''[[Bitter Rice]]''
* [[Mariangela Melato]] (1941–2013), actress known for her work in [[Lina Wertmüller]] movies
* [[Sandra Milo]] (born 1933), actress. Some of her more prestigious credits include [[Roberto Rossellini|Rossellini]]'s ''[[General della Rovere]]'' (1959) and [[Fellini]]'s ''[[8½]]'' (1963) and ''[[Juliet of the Spirits]]'' (1965)
* [[Alida Valli]] (1921–2006), actress, had roles in more than 100 films. Internationally known for her turn as Anna Schmidt in ''[[The Third Man]]'' (1949)
* [[Monica Vitti]] (born 1931), actress. Awards: three [[Nastro d'Argento]] Awards, nine [[David di Donatello]] Awards, and four Italian Golden Grails
* [[Monica Bellucci]] (born 30 September 1964), actress and fashion model
* [[Asia Argento]] (born 20 September 1975), actress, singer, model, and director
* [[Ornella Muti]] (born 9 March 1955), actress, she made her English-speaking film debut as Princess Aura in [[Flash Gordon]] in 1980. American movies she appeared in include ''[[Oscar (1991 film)|Oscar]]'' (1991) and ''[[Once Upon a Crime]]'' (1992).
* [[Valeria Golino]] (born 22 October 1966), film and television actress. Known to English language audiences for the 1988 film [[Rain Man]], and the [[Hot Shots!]] films. She has won the David di Donatello, Silver Ribbon, and Coppa Volpi awards.
* [[Chiara Caselli]] (born 22 December 1967), actress
== Architects ==
{{main|List of Italian architects}}
=== Ancient Rome ===
{{See also|Category:Ancient Roman architects}}
* [[Cocceius Auctus]] (1st century BC and 1st century AD), Roman architect during the age of [[Augustus]] (27 BC – 14 AD)
* [[Hyginus Gromaticus]] (1st and 2nd centuries AD), Roman surveyor under the reign of [[Trajan]] (98–117 AD)
* [[Lucius Vitruvius Cordo]], Roman architect; known for his work ''[[Arco dei Gavi]]'' (built in the 1st century AD)
* [[Rabirius (architect)|Rabirius]] (1st and 2nd centuries AD), Roman architect active during the reign of [[Domitian]] (81–96 AD)
* [[Vitruvius]] (late 1st century BC and early 1st century AD), Roman writer, architect and engineer noted for his book ''[[De architectura]]'' (25 BC); one of the most influential works on [[History of architecture|architecture in history]]
=== Middle Ages ===
{{See also|Category:Italian architects}}
* [[Guglielmo Agnelli]] ({{circa|1238}}–1313), sculptor and architect. He built the [[campanile]] of the [[Badia a Settimo]], near [[Florence]]
* [[Pietro Baseggio]] (14th century), architect and sculptor. In 1361, he was named superintendent of construction for the [[Doge's Palace, Venice|Doge's palace]]
* [[Bartolomeo Bon]] (died after 1464), sculptor and architect. Among his works may be cited the famous [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] [[Ca' d'Oro]] (1424–1430) and the marble door of the church of [[Frari]]
* [[Bertolino Bragerio]] (active c. 1288), builder of the [[cathedral of Cremona]].
* [[Jacopo Celega]] (d. before 30 March 1386), architect. Around 1330 he took over construction of the church of Frari
* [[Diotisalvi]] (12th century), architect. He is well known to be the original architect of [[Baptistry of Pisa]] (1152)
* [[Maginardo]] (''[[Floruit|fl.]]'' 1006–1032), architect active in the [[Diocese of Arezzo]]
* [[Lorenzo Maitani]] (c. 1275 – 1330), architect and sculptor primarily responsible for the construction and decoration of the facade of [[Orvieto Cathedral]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/358835/Lorenzo-Maitani "Lorenzo Maitani"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
=== Humanism and the Renaissance ===
* [[Leon Battista Alberti]] (1404–1472), artist, architect and theoretician. In 1452, wrote ''[[De Re Aedificatoria]]''; was the first architectural treatise of the [[Renaissance]]
* [[Galeazzo Alessi]] (1512–1572), architect. His main works are the church [[Santa Maria Assunta di Carignano]] (1552), the [[Marino Palace]] (started in 1557) and the [[Parodi Palace]] (1567)
* [[Iacomo Andrea]] (died 1500)
* [[Antonio da Sangallo the Elder]] (c. 1453 – 1534), architect. He executed, under the influence of Bramante, the magnificent Church of the [[Madonna di San Biagio]] (1518–consecrated 1529)
* [[Antonio da Sangallo the Younger]] (1484–1546), architect. He designed the [[Palazzo Farnese]] in Rome (1534–46); a fortresslike Florentine-style palace
* [[Donato Bramante]] (1444–1514), architect. Under the patronage of [[Pope Julius II]], he drew up the new [[St. Peter's Basilica]] (begun 1506)
* [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] (1377–1446), architect. His major work is the dome of the [[Florence Cathedral]] (1420–36)
* [[Bernardo Buontalenti]] (c. 1531 – 1608), architect, engineer, designer, painter and inventor. He was one of the great [[Renaissance]] [[polymath]]s<ref>Turner, Jane. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CbGfAAAAMAAJ&q= ''Encyclopedia of Italian Renaissance & Mannerist art'' (Volume II)]. Grove's Dictionaries, 2000. p. 295. Web. 24 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Giacomo della Porta]] (c. 1533 – 1602), architect whose work represents the development in style from late [[Mannerism]] to early [[Baroque]]
* [[Giovanni Maria Falconetto]] (1468–1535), architect and painter. Examples of his work include the [[Walls of Padua#16th century|Porta San Giovanni]] (1528) and the [[Walls of Padua#16th century|Porta Savonarola]] (1530), two gates to the city of [[Padua]]
* [[Filarete]] (c. 1400 – c. 1469), architect, sculptor and writer. He wrote an important treatise, ''[[Libro architettonico]]'' (1464), defending the principles of ancient architecture
* [[Domenico Fontana]] (1543–1607), architect who worked on [[St. Peter's Basilica]] and other famous buildings of Rome and [[Naples]]
* [[Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola]] (1507–1573), architect. His finest productions are the [[Villa Farnese]], near [[Viterbo]], for [[Cardinal Alessandro Farnese]] and [[Villa Giulia]] for [[Pope Julius III]] in Rome
* [[Francesco di Giorgio]] (1439–1502), architect and theoretician. His ''[[Trattato di architettura, ingegneria e arte militare]]'' (1482) is one of the most important documents of Renaissance architectural
* [[Giuliano da Maiano]] (c. 1432 – 1490), architect; made an important contribution to spreading the Renaissance style to [[Southern Italy]]
* [[Giuliano da Sangallo]] (c. 1443 – 1516), sculptor, architect and military engineer; designed the [[Christian Church|Church]] of [[Santa Maria delle Carceri]] (1485) at [[Prato]] and palaces in Florence
* [[Luciano Laurana]] (c. 1420 – 1479), principal designer of the [[Palazzo Ducale, Urbino|Palazzo Ducale]] at Urbino and one of the main figures in 15th-century Italian architecture<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/332360/Luciano-Laurana "Luciano Laurana"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 27 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Pirro Ligorio]] (c. 1510 – 1583), architect, painter, antiquarian and garden designer, known for his designs for the [[Casina Pio IV|Casina of Pio IV]] in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] and his gardens for the [[Villa d'Este]] at [[Tivoli, Italy|Tivoli]]
* [[Michelozzo]] (1396–1472), architect and sculptor; designed the [[Palazzo Medici Riccardi]] in [[Florence]], which set the standard for Renaissance palace architecture in [[Tuscany]] for the next century<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404704447.html "Michelozzo"] ''Encyclopedia of World Biography''. Web. 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Andrea Palladio]] (1508–1580), architect and theoretician. His treatise ''[[I quattro libri dell’architettura]]'' (1570) made him the most influential person in the [[History of architecture|history of Western architecture]]
* [[Baldassare Peruzzi]] (1481–1536), architect and painter. His outstanding architectural works are the [[Villa Farnesina]] (1506–1510) and the [[Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne]] (1535) in Rome
* [[Michele Sanmicheli]] (1484–1559), architect, especially noted for his original treatment of [[military]] [[fortification]]s
* [[Jacopo Sansovino]] (1486–1570), sculptor and architect. His [[Library of St. Mark's]] (begun 1537) is one of the major architectural works of the 16th century
* [[Vincenzo Scamozzi]] (1552–1616), architect and theoretician, author of one of the most comprehensive [[Renaissance]] treatises, the six-volume ''[[L’Idea dell’Architettura Universale]]'' (1615)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/526453/Vincenzo-Scamozzi "Vincenzo Scamozzi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Sebastiano Serlio]] (1475–1554), architect and theoretician. He is remembered primarily for his treatise ''[[Tutte l'opere d'architettura et prospetiva]]'' (eight books, 1537–75)
=== Baroque ===
* [[Francesco Borromini]] (1599–1667), architect. His buildings include the churches of [[San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane]] (1638–1641) and [[Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza]] (1642–1660)
* [[Cosimo Fanzago]] (1591–1678), architect and sculptor. He became the most important exponent of Baroque architecture in [[Naples]]
* [[Carlo Fontana]] (1634/1638–1714), architect. His accomplished academic style influenced important architects, such as [[James Gibbs]], [[Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach|Fischer von Erlach]] and the German baroque architects
* [[Rosario Gagliardi]] (1698–1762), architect. He was one of the leading architects working in the [[Sicilian Baroque]]
* [[Guarino Guarini]] (1624–1683), architect. He was one of the first to analyze with perceptivity the structure of medieval architecture, in his treatise ''[[Architettura Civile]]'' (published posthumously in 1737)
* [[Filippo Juvarra]] (1678–1736), architect, draughtsman and designer. He was arguably the most gifted architect of his time in Italy
* [[Baldassarre Longhena]] (1598–1682), architect. His masterpiece was the Church of [[Santa Maria della Salute]] (1631–1687) at the entrance to the [[Grand Canal (Venice)|Grand Canal]] in [[Venice]]
* [[Carlo Maderno]] (1556–1629), architect. His works reflect the transition from early to high baroque. From 1603, directed the construction of [[St. Peter's Basilica]]
* [[Pietro da Cortona]] (1596–1669), architect, painter and decorator. His architectural accomplishment include the Church of [[Santi Luca e Martina]] in Rome (1634)
* [[Carlo Rainaldi]] (1611–1691), architect. His masterpiece was the Church of [[Santa Maria in Campitelli]] (1663–67)
* [[Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli]] (1700–1771), architect who defined the high baroque style in Russia under the reigns of [[Anna of Russia|Anna]] (1730–1740) and [[Elizabeth Petrovna]] (1741–1762)
* [[Nicola Salvi]] (1697–1751), architect whose late Roman Baroque masterpiece is the [[Trevi Fountain]] in Rome
* [[Giovanni Battista Vaccarini]] (1702–1768), architect, worked in the Sicilian Baroque style
* [[Luigi Vanvitelli]] (1700–1773), architect. His masterpiece was the [[Palace of Caserta]] (1752–74)
=== Neoclassicism ===
* [[Nicola Bettoli]] (1780–1854), architect, known as the designer of the Neoclassicist [[Teatro Regio (Parma)|Teatro Regio]] of that city, for [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Duches Marie Louise]] (1821)
* [[Luigi Cagnola]] (1762–1833), architect, whose work influenced later generations of Italian architects
* [[Luigi Canina]] (1795–1856), archaeologist and architect. He was important as a protagonist of archaeologically correct Neoclassicism in Rome
* [[Antonio Corazzi]] (1792–1877), architect. He designed a number of imposing public buildings in [[Warsaw]], the capital of Poland
* [[Alessandro Galilei]] (1691–1737), architect. He designed the façades of [[Basilica of St. John Lateran]] (1733–35) and [[San Giovanni dei Fiorentini]] (1734)
* [[Giacomo Leoni]] (1686–1746), architect, he spent most of his life in England. It is arguable that he was more influenced by than influencing British architecture
* [[Giuseppe Venanzio Marvuglia]] (1729–1814), architect. His most extraordinary building is La Favorita (''[[Pavilion|Casina]] Cinese'' 1799–1802)
* [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]] (1720–1778), engraver and architect, known for his grandiose architectural constructions
* [[Giacomo Quarenghi]] (1744–1817), architect and painter, known as the builder of numerous works in Russia during and immediately after the reign of [[Catherine II the Great]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/486321/Giacomo-Antonio-Domenico-Quarenghi "Giacomo Antonio Domenico Quarenghi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Carlo Rossi (architect)|Carlo Rossi]] (1775–1849), architect, who worked the major portion of his life in Russia
* [[Francesco Sabatini]] (1722–1797), architect, who worked in Spain
* [[Faustino Trebbi]] (1761–1836), architect and ornamental painter
* [[Giuseppe Valadier]] (1762–1839), architect, urban planner, designer and writer. He was one of the most important exponents of international Neoclassicism in [[central Italy]]
=== The 1900s ===
* [[Franco Albini]] (1905–1977), architect, urban planner and designer. His work was various and [[Eclecticism|eclectic]], and reflected the independence of Italian designs from the tyrannies of Modernist orthodoxy
* [[Carlo Aymonino]] (1926–2010), architect. He received award Honorary Fellow from the American Institute of Architect in 2000. Between his works, we find: Palazzo di Giustizia (1977) and the IMA project (''Progetto IMA'', 1982) in [[Ferrara]] and the [[Colosso]] in [[Rome]] (1982–1984)
* [[Ernesto Basile]] (1857–1932), architect, teacher and designer. An exponent of [[modernism]] and [[Art Nouveau]]
* [[Mario Bellini]] (born 1935), architect and designer. He won eight times [[Compasso d'Oro]] and the Gold Medal of Civic Merit of the city of [[Milan]]
* [[Stefano Boeri]] (born 1956), architect and editor, founder of the research group "Multiplicity", former aditor-in-chief of the magazines "Abitare" and "Domus". Boeri has recently been appointed to the 2015 Milan Expo urban consultancy in charge of developing the guidelines for the urban transformations to be implemented within the frame of the international event.
* [[Achille Castiglioni]] (1918–2002), architect and designer. He won the [[Compasso d'Oro]], Italy's top prize for industrial design, nine times
* [[Giancarlo De Carlo]] (1919–2005), architect, member of [[Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne|CIAM]] and [[Team 10]]. Known for his works at the Free [[University of Urbino]] (1973–9 and later)
* [[Ignazio Gardella]] (1905–1999), architect, designer, race car driver and aircraft. He received numeros awards, including: the National Award for Architecture [[Olivetti]] (1955), the [[Gold Medal of the President of the Republic to the Merit of the School of Culture and Art]] (1977), the [[Golden Lion]] Lifetime Achievement at the [[Venice Biennale]] (1966), the titles of honorary member of the [[RIBA]] (Royal Institute of British Architects)
* [[Vittorio Gregotti]] (1927–2020), architect, designer and writer.. Between his work, we find: Cultural Center Bélem, [[Lisbon]] (1998) and Sede Pirelli Sede Pirelli RE [[Bicocca (district of Milan)|Bicocca]] in [[Milan]] (1985)
* [[Adalberto Libera]] (1903–1963), architect. One of the most representative architects of the [[Italian Modern]] movement
* [[Alessandro Mendini]] (1931–2019), designer and architect. His work is represented in museums and private collections all over the world. He won the [[Compasso d'Oro]] (1979 and 1982)
* [[Giovanni Michelucci]] (1891–1990), architect, urban planner and engraver. A key figure in the progress and advancement of contemporary Italian architecture during the 20th century
* [[Carlo Mollino]] (1905–1973), architect, designer, race car driver and aircraft. Rinnovation of most famous work are: the Chamber of Commerce building and the new Royal Theatre in [[Turin]]
* [[Luigi Moretti]] (1907–1973), architect. One of the most important Italian architects of the 20th century
* [[Giovanni Muzio]] (1893–1982), architect. He was the most influential member of the group of Italian architects associated with the [[Novecento Italiano]]
* [[Marcello Piacentini]] (1881–1960), architect and urban theorist most closely associated with Italy's [[fascist]] government
* [[Renzo Piano]] (born 1937), architect, known for his design (with [[Richard Rogers]]) for the [[Centre Georges Pompidou]] (1971–1977) in Paris awarded by [[Pritzker Prize]] especially for the technology
* [[Giò Ponti]] (1891–1979), architect and designer associated with the development of [[modern architecture]] and modern [[industrial design]] in Italy
* [[Paolo Portoghesi]] (born 1931), architect and architectural historian. He became known as the creator of the original and significant [[Casa Baldi]] (1959) on the [[Via Flaminia]], north of Rome
* [[Aldo Rossi]] (1931–1997), architect and theoretician. His book ''[[The Architecture of the City]]'' (1966) is a classic of modern [[architectural theory]]. He was awarded the 1990 [[Pritzker Prize]]
* [[Giuseppe Samonà]] (1898–1983), architect and urban planner. One of the most important Italian architects of the 20th century
* [[Antonio Sant'Elia]] (1888–1916), architect. Associated with the movement known as [[Futurism]]; known for his visionary drawings of the city of the future
* [[Carlo Scarpa]] (1906–1978), architect. Among his works may be cited the [[Ca' Foscari|Palazzo Foscari]] (1935–1956) and [[Castelvecchio Museum]] (1956–1964)
* [[Ettore Sottsass]] (1917–2007), architect and designer. He is internationally known as one of the initiators of the renewal of design and architecture<ref>Soucek King, Carol. [https://books.google.com/books?id=36qQ44EcWJgC&q= ''Furniture: architects' and designers' originals'']. Architecture & Interior Design Library, 1994. p. 132. Web. 24 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Manfredo Tafuri]] (1935–1994), architect, art historian and theorist. Known for his critical essays for [[Oppositions]] magazine (1970), published under the guidance of [[Peter Eisenman]]
* [[Giuseppe Terragni]] (1904–1943), architect. He was primarily associated with [[Rationalism (architecture)|Rationalism]] and [[Gruppo 7]]. His [[Casa del Fascio (Como)|Casa del Fascio]] (1932–6) is regarded as his finest work
== Chefs and gastronomists ==
{{main|List of Italian chefs}}
* [[Martino da Como]] (c. 1430–late 15th century), "Prince of cooks", considered the western world's first celebrity chef. His book ''Libro de Arte Coquinaria'' (1465) was a benchmark for Italian cuisine and laid the ground for European gastronomic tradition
* [[Pellegrino Artusi]] (1820–1911) writer and gastronomist, credited with establishing a truly national [[Italian cuisine]]. His ''La scienza in cucina e l'arte di mangiare bene'' (1891) was the first gastronomic treatise comprising all regions of united Italy
* [[Carlo Petrini]] (born 1949), politician, writer and gastronomist. Taking part in a campaign against the [[McDonald's]] chain and a busy daily routine, he founded the worldwide influential [[Slow Food]] movement in 1986.
==Craftsmen==
* [[Cesare Antonio Accius]] (fl.1609), engraver
* [[Pagolo Arsago]] (died 1563), goldsmith
* [[Sebastiano Bianchi]] (fl.1580), engraver
* [[Alessandro della Via]] (fl.1730), engraver
* [[Baldassare Gabbugiani]] (fl.1755), engraver
* [[Bartolommeo Tutiani]] (fl. 1515), engraver
== Engineers ==
{{See also|Category:Italian engineers}}
* [[Archimedes]] (288–212 BC), mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Developed the [[Archimedes principle]] and invented the [[Archimedes screw]].
* [[Enrico Bernardi]] (1841–1919), engineer and one of Italian automobile pioneers. Inventor of the "Pia Engine", the first [[petrol engine]]
* [[Giovanni Branca]] (1571–1645), engineer and architect who provided the first known description of a [[steam turbine]] (1629)
* [[Matteo Campani-Alimenis]] (1620–1678), engineer, mechanician and natural philosopher. Inventor of the [[Magic lantern]] (1678)
* [[Secondo Campini]] (1904–1980), engineer, one of the pioneers of the [[jet engine]]
* [[Alessandro Capra]] (born 1620, date of death unknown), engineer and mathematician. Inventor of the first [[speedometer]] for coaches (1678)
* [[Giovanni Battista Caproni]] (1886–1957), aeronautical engineer, civil engineer, electrical engineer, and aircraft designer who founded an aircraft-manufacturing company bearing his [[Caproni|name]] (1908)
* [[Giorgio Carta (engineer)|Giorgio Carta]], bioengineer, professor of chemical engineering
* [[Mario Castoldi]] (1888–1968), aeronautical engineer who designed the renown [[Macchi MC.200]], [[Macchi MC.202]] and [[Macchi MC.205]] World War II Italian fighter airplanes
* [[Bernard Castro]] (1904–1991), industrial engineer. Inventor of the modern convertible [[couch]]
* [[Ettore Bugatti]] (1881–1947), automobile engineer, entrepreneur, designer and inventor, founded the legendary automaker company [[Bugatti]] (1909)
* [[Leonardo Chiariglione]] (born 1943), electrical engineer, inventor and co-founder of the Moving Pictures Experts Group ([[MPEG]]). He led a team that set the universal standards for digital audio and video, such as the [[mpeg]] and the [[mp3]]<ref>[https://archive.is/20050410083625/http://www.time.com/time/digital/digital50/19.html] "Time digital 50", 19. Leonardo Chiariglione, Father of Mp3. Time Magazine. 27 September 1999.</ref><ref>[http://www.tecnoscienza.net/index.php/tsj/article/download/116/79], "Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies", Formatting Culture. The Mpeg group and the technoscientific innovation by digital formats. Volume 3(2)</ref>
* [[Aldo Costa]] (born 1961), engineer and the Engineering Director. He is considered one of the most successful [[Formula One]] designers.
* [[Luigi Negrelli]] (1799–1858), civil and hydraulic engineer; designed several bridges and railways in the [[Austrian Empire]] and well beyond, known for planning and designing the [[Suez Canal]].<ref>[http://www.pubs-newcomen.com/tfiles/(/75bp317-001s.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083106/http://www.pubs-newcomen.com/tfiles/(/75bp317-001s.pdf |date=24 September 2015 }}, ''Transactions of the Newcomen Society'', 2005, Luigi Negrelli, Engineer, 1799–1858: Planner of The Suez Canal.</ref>
* [[Maria Artini]] (1894–1951), first female university graduate in electrical engineering in Italy (1918)
* [[Corradino D'Ascanio]] (1891–1981), aeronautical engineer. Inventor of [[motor scooter]] ([[Vespa]] in 1946)
* [[Luigi Emanueli]] (1883–1959), engineer. Inventor of oil-filled cable (1924)
* [[Lorenzo Allievi]] (1856–1941), hydraulic engineer, best known for his studies on the [[water hammer]] problem
* [[Federico Faggin]] (born 1941), physicist, engineer, credited with developing the Self Aligned MOS Silicon Gate Technology, co-invented and designed the world's first [[microprocessor]], the [[Intel 4004]] (1970–1971)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marconisociety.org/fellows/bios/federico_faggin.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-06-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608141555/http://www.marconisociety.org/fellows/bios/federico_faggin.html |archive-date=8 June 2010 }}, ''The Marconi Society'', Federico Faggin, Awarded the Marconi Prize in 1988.</ref>
* [[Enrico Forlanini]] (1848–1930), engineer and aeronautical pioneer. Inventor of the [[helicopter]] (1877) and [[hydrofoil]] (1900)
* [[Francesco Lana de Terzi]] (1631–1687), Jesuit, mathematician, and naturalist. Called the father of [[aeronautics]] for his pioneering efforts
* [[Leonardo da Vinci]] (1452–1519), artist, engineer, and scientist. Perhaps no one in history achieved so much in so many different fields<ref>[http://www.macchinedileonardo.com/index.php?machines "Machines"] [http://www.macchinedileonardo.com/index.php ''Le macchine di Leonardo da Vinci.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519120454/http://www.macchinedileonardo.com/index.php |date=19 May 2018 }} Web. 2 March 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3754418&FullBreadCrumb=%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.scholastic.com%2Fbrowse%2Fsearch%2F%3FNtx%3Dmode%2Bmatchallpartial%26_N%3Dfff%26Ntk%3DSCHL30_SI%26query%3DLeonardo%2520Da%2520Vinci%26N%3D0%26Ntt%3DLeonardo%2BDa%2BVinci%22+class%3D%22endecaAll%22%3EAll+Results%3C%2Fa%3E "Leonardo da Vinci"] [http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/home.jsp ''Scholastic.''] Web. 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Luppis]] (1813–1875), engineer and officer, co-inventor with [[Robert Whitehead]], of the [[torpedo]] (1860)
* [[Giorgina Madìa]] (1904–1942), physicist and electrical engineer, specializing in electrical communications, and a member of the Italian resistance during World War II
* [[Felice Matteucci]] (1808–1887), hydraulic engineer, co-inventor with [[Eugenio Barsanti]], of the [[internal combustion engine]] (1854)
* [[Antonio Meucci]] (1808–1889), chemical and mechanical engineer. [[Invention of the telephone|Inventor of the telephone]] (1871)
* [[Riccardo Morandi]] (1902–1989), engineer. He designed the [[Ponte Vespucci]] in Florence, the [[General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge]] in Venezuela, the [[Ponte Morandi]] in Genoa, and the [[Salone dell'Automobile]] in [[Turin]]
* [[Pier Luigi Nervi]] (1891–1979) engineer, specialized in civil. He collaborated with international architects, including [[Le Corbusier]] e [[Louis Kahn]]. His most famous work: [[Aula delle Udienze Pontificie in Vaticano]], known as [[Aula Nervi]]
* [[Camillo Olivetti]] (1868–1943), electrical engineer, founder of [[Olivetti]]
* [[Pier Giorgio Perotto]] (1930–2002), electrical engineer and inventor, working for Olivetti he designed and built one of the world"s first electronic [[programmable calculator]]s, the [[Programma 101]], launched at the [[1964 New York World's Fair]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/c-programma101.html|title=Olivetti Programma 101 Electronic Calculator|website=The Old Calculator Web Museum|quote=technically, the machine was a programmable calculator, not a computer.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| title= 2008/107/1 Computer, Programma 101, and documents (3), plastic / metal / paper / electronic components, hardware architect Pier Giorgio Perotto, designed by Mario Bellini, made by Olivetti, Italy, 1965-1971
| website= www.powerhousemuseum.com
| language= en
| url= http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=378406
| access-date= 2016-03-20
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/c-programma101.html|title=Olivetti Programma 101 Electronic Calculator|website=The Old Calculator Web Museum|quote=It appears that the Mathatronics Mathatron calculator {{sic|prec|eeded|nolink=y}} the Programma 101 to market.}}</ref>
* [[Giovanni Battista Piatti]] (1812–1867), civil engineer. Inventor of the pneumatic rock-drilling machine
* [[Ignazio Porro]] (1801–1875), engineer and optician, invented [[Porro prism]] binocular (1875)
* [[Adele Racheli]] (born 1894), engineer, co-founder of Milan patent protection office (1925).
* [[Agostino Ramelli]] (1531–1600), engineer, invented the [[hydraulic motor]] (1588)
* [[Raffaele Rossetti]] (1881–1951), engineer and military naval officer, creator of the first [[human torpedo]]
* [[Germain Sommeiller]] (1815–1871), civil engineer. He directed the construction of the [[Fréjus Rail Tunnel]] between France and Italy; introduced the first industrial [[pneumatic]] drill for tunnel digging
* [[Emma Strada]] (1884–1970), first woman to obtain a civil engineering degree from the Polytechnic of Turin
* [[Juanelo Turriano]] (c. 1500 – 1585), clockmaker, engineer and mathematician. He built the ''[[Artificio de Juanelo]]''
== Explorers ==
{{main|List of Italian explorers}}
* [[António de Noli]] (1415/1419–c. 1497), explorer for Portugal. Was the first European to arrive in some of the [[Cape Verde]] islands in 1460
* [[Giovanni Battista Belzoni]] (1778–1823), explorer, engineer, and amateur archaeologist, often regarded as one of the first [[Egyptologist]]s
* [[John Cabot]] (Giovanni Caboto) (c. 1450 – c. 1499), explorer for England. In the summer of 1497, he crossed the Atlantic and was the first European to arrive in the ''mainland'' of North America
* [[Sebastian Cabot (explorer)|Sebastian Cabot]] (Sebastiano Caboto) (c. 1476 – 1557), cartographer and explorer for England and Spain, he explored the Río de la Plata, the Paraná River and was the person European to arrive in the lower section of the Paraguay River.
* [[Christopher Columbus]] (Cristoforo Colombo) (1451–1506), explorer for Spain. Born in Genua. In Italian language "Cristoforo Colombo". Sailed in 1492 and was the first European to arrive in the "New World" of the [[Americas]]
* [[Henri de Tonti]] (1649/1650–1704), explorer for France. Founded the first European settlement in the lower [[Mississippi River|Mississippi River Valley]] in 1686<ref>[http://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2537 "Henri de Tonti"] ''The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture''. Web. 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni da Pian del Carpine]] (c. 1180 – 1252), Franciscan friar, first noteworthy European traveller in the [[Mongol Empire]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/234098/Giovanni-da-Pian-del-Carpini "Giovanni Da Pian Del Carpini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]] (1485–1528), explorer for France. First European to sight [[New York (state)|New York]] and [[Narragansett Bay|Narragansett bays]]
* [[Alessandro Malaspina]] (1754–1810), nobleman who spent most of his life as a Spanish naval officer and explorer
* [[Umberto Nobile]] (1885–1978), engineer and Arctic explorer. The first man to fly over the [[North Pole]]
* [[Antonio Pigafetta]] (c. 1491 – c. 1534), navigator and writer who accompanied [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan]] in the first expedition of [[Circumnavigation|circumnavigation of the world]]
* [[Marco Polo]] (c. 1254 – 1324), explorer and merchant, famous for his travels in [[central Asia]] and China
* [[Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza]] (1852–1905), explorer for France. Famous for having added an area three times the size of France to the [[French colonial empire|French empire]] in Africa
* [[Amerigo Vespucci (explorer)|Amerigo Vespucci]] (1454–1512), explorer. Was the first European to arrive at the [[Amazon river]] in South America. The name for the [[Americas]] is derived from his given name
* [[Romolo Gessi]] (1831–1881) explorer and soldier. He led numerous expeditions for the British in Africa, especially [[Sudan]] and the [[Nile River]], freeing 30,000 slaves from bondage
==Fictional characters==
{{See also|Category:Fictional Italian people}}
* [[Brighella]]
* [[Don Camillo]]
* [[Ray Barone]]
* [[Juliet Capulet]]
* [[Columbina]]
* [[Corleone family]]
* [[Carmine Falcone]]
* [[Salvatore Maroni]]
* [[Lucius Vorenus]]
* [[Titus Pullo]]
* [[Ezio Auditore da Firenze]]
* [[Il Dottore]]
* [[Ugo Fantozzi]]
* [[Victor Frankenstein]]
* [[Mario Falcone (DC Comics)|Mario Falcone]]
* [[Gianduja (commedia dell'arte)|Gianduja]]
* [[Tony Soprano]]
* [[Harlequin]]
* [[Luigi]]
* [[Mario]]
* [[Romeo Montague]]
* [[Salvo Montalbano]]
* [[Pantalone]]
* [[Pedrolino]]
* [[Pierrot]]
* [[Pinocchio]]
* [[Pulcinella]]
* [[Scaramouche]]
* [[Trivelino]]
* [[Tony Verdeschi]]
== Filmmakers ==
{{main|List of film directors from Italy}}
* [[Filoteo Alberini]] (1865–1937), film director, one of the pioneers of [[Film|cinema]]; devised the [[wide screen]] movies (1914)
* [[Gianni Amelio]] (born 1945), film director. He achieved international fame with ''[[The Stolen Children]]'' (winner of the Grand Jury Prize at the [[1992 Cannes Film Festival]])
* [[Michelangelo Antonioni]] (1912–2007), film director. His most successful motion pictures internationally were ''[[L'avventura]]'' (1960) and ''[[Blow-up]]'' (1966)
* [[Dario Argento]] (born 1940), film director, producer and screenwriter. Films include ''[[The Bird with the Crystal Plumage]]'' (1970), ''[[Deep Red]]'' (1975) and ''[[Suspiria]]'' (1977)
* [[Pupi Avati]] (born 1938), film director, producer and screenwriter. Some of his most successful films were ''[[Impiegati]]'' (1985), ''[[Christmas Present (film)|Christmas Present]]'' (1986) and ''[[The Last Minute (Avati)|The Last Minute]]'' (1987)
* [[Marco Bellocchio]] (born 1939), film director, screenwriter and actor. Known for his debut film ''[[Fists in the Pocket]]'' (1965)
* [[Roberto Benigni]] (born 1952), film director and actor. One of the most popular comics of [[Italian cinema]]; in 1997 he wrote, directed and starred in the international hit ''[[Life is Beautiful]]''
* [[Bernardo Bertolucci]] (1940–2018), film director and screenwriter. ''[[Last Tango in Paris]]'' (1972) brought him international fame
* [[Alessandro Blasetti]] (1900 – 1987), film director and screenwriter was one of the leading figures in Italian cinema during the Fascist era. He is sometimes known as the "father of Italian cinema" because of his role in reviving the struggling industry in the late 1920s. Blasetti influenced Italian neorealism with the film ''Quattro passi fra le nuvole''.
* [[Luigi Comencini]] (1916–2007), film director. Leading figure in Italian cinema; known for his film ''[[Bread, Love and Dreams]]'' (1953)
* [[Giuseppe De Santis]] (1917–1997), film director; known for his direction of ''[[Bitter Rice]]'' (1949), considered the first successful Neorealist film
* [[Vittorio De Seta]] (1923–2011), film director. He made nine such short documentaries over the decade and in 1960 made his feature film directorial debut with the acclaimed ''[[Banditi a Orgosolo]]''
* [[Vittorio De Sica]] (1901–1974), film director and actor. His ''[[Shoeshine (film)|Shoeshine]]'' (1946), ''[[The Bicycle Thief]]'' (1948), and ''[[Umberto D.]]'' (1952) are classics of postwar Italian neorealism<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/154030/Vittorio-De-Sica "Vittorio De Sica"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Ruggero Deodato]] (born 1939), film director, actor and screenwriter. Creator of one of the most infamous splatter films of all time, 1979's neo-realist Amazonian nightmare ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]''
* [[Federico Fellini]] (1920–1993), film director. Won [[Academy Award|Oscars]] for ''[[La Strada]]'' (1954), ''[[Le Notti di Cabiria]]'' (1957), ''[[8 1/2]]'' (1963) and ''[[Amarcord]]'' (1973); one of the 20th century's most influential movie [[Film director|director]]s
* [[Marco Ferreri]] (1928–1997), film director. known film is ''[[La Grande Bouffe]]'' (1973).
* [[Lucio Fulci]] (1927–1996), film director, screenwriter and actor, known for his directorial work on [[Splatter film|gore]] films, including ''[[Zombi 2]]'' (1979) and ''[[The Beyond (film)|The Beyond]]'' (1981).
* [[Matteo Garrone]] (born 1968), film director; known for his film ''[[Gomorrah (film)|Gomorrah]]'' (2008)
* [[Pietro Germi]] (1914–1974), film director and actor. The film ''[[Divorce Italian Style]]'' (1961) was a huge worldwide box-office hit which earned him an [[Academy Award|Oscar]] for best screenplay
* [[Alberto Lattuada]] (1914–2005), film director. Was a major figure in [[Italian cinema]] of the period after World War II. Known for co-directing with Fellini on his first film, ''[[Variety Lights]]'' (1950)
* [[Sergio Leone]] (1929–1989), film director. He is mostly associated with the "[[Spaghetti Western]]" genre, especially the [[dollar trilogy]]; one of the most influential [[Film director|directors]] of his generation
* [[Mario Monicelli]] (1915–2010), film director. One of the masters of the ''[[Commedia all'Italiana]]''
* [[Nanni Moretti]] (born 1953), film director. He is known for his films ''[[Caro diario]]'' (1993) and ''[[The Son's Room]]'' (2001)
* [[Ermanno Olmi]] (1931–2018), film director; known for his internationally successful ''[[The Tree of Wooden Clogs]]'' (1978)
* [[Ferzan Özpetek]] (born 1959), film director and screenwriter. Film include ''[[The Ignorant Fairies]]'' (2001) and ''[[Facing Windows]]'' (2003)
* [[Pier Paolo Pasolini]] (1922–1975), film director and writer. His films include ''[[Mamma Roma]]'' (1962), ''[[The Gospel According to St. Matthew (film)|The Gospel According to St. Matthew]]'' (1964), ''[[Oedipus Rex (1967 film)|Oedipus Rex]]'' (1967) and ''[[Teorema (film)|Teorema]]'' (1968)
* [[Giovanni Pastrone]] (1883–1959), film director and producer. He conceived a colossal film designed to revolutionize movie-making, a goal he realized with ''[[Cabiria]]'' (1914)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/446137/Giovanni-Pastrone "Giovanni Pastrone"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Elio Petri]] (1929–1982), film director and screenwriter. ''[[Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion]]'' (1970), is generally considered his masterpiece
* [[Gillo Pontecorvo]] (1919–2006), film director; known for authoring ''[[The Battle of Algiers]]'' (1966)
* [[Francesco Rosi]] (1922–2015), film director; known for his masterpiece ''[[Salvatore Giuliano (film)|Salvatore Giuliano]]'' (1962)
* [[Roberto Rossellini]] (1906–1977), film director. His films ''[[Rome, Open City]]'' (1945) and ''[[Paisà]]'' (1946) focussed international attention on the Italian Neorealist movement in films<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/510161/Roberto-Rossellini "Roberto Rossellini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Gabriele Salvatores]] (born 1950), film director and screenwriter; known for his film ''[[Mediterraneo]]'' (1991)
* [[Martin Scorsese]] (born 1942), film director known for directing films such as [[Goodfellas]] (1990) and various other gangster films.
* [[Michele Soavi]] (born 1957), film director; known for his film ''[[Cemetery Man]]'' (1994)
* [[Silvio Soldini]] (born 1958), film director, known films we find ''[[Bread and Tulips]]'' (1999) and ''[[Agata e la tempesta]]'' (2004)
* [[Paolo Sorrentino]] (born 1970), film director and screenwriter. He is known for his film ''[[The Consequences of Love]]'' (2004)
* [[Paolo and Vittorio Taviani]] (born 1931, 1929–2018), have directed together several successful movies. Among those are: ''[[Padre Padrone]]'' (1977), ''[[The Night of the Shooting Stars]]'' (1982) and ''[[Kaos (film)|Kaos]]'' (1984)
* [[Giuseppe Tornatore]] (born 1956), film director, known for his masterpiece ''[[Cinema Paradiso]]'' (1988)
* [[Luchino Visconti]] (1906–1976), film and theatre director; called the father of [[Italian neorealism|neorealism]] for his early films ''[[Ossessione]]'' (1943) and ''[[La terra trema]]'' (1948)
* [[Lina Wertmüller]] (born 1928), film director. She achieved international fame with ''[[The Seduction of Mimi]]'' (1972), a satire on sexual hypocrisy, and ''[[Love and Anarchy]]'' (1973)
* [[Franco Zeffirelli]] (1923–2019), film director. Among his major films are three [[Shakespeare]] adaptations: ''[[The Taming of the Shrew (1967 film)|The Taming of the Shrew]]'' (1967), ''[[Romeo and Juliet (1968 film)|Romeo and Juliet]]'' (1968) and ''[[Hamlet (1990 film)|Hamlet]]'' (1990)
* [[Valerio Zurlini]] (1926–1982), film director, stage director and screenwriter. He is well known for his internationally successful ''[[Estate Violenta]]'' (1959)
== Illustrators ==
{{See also|Category:Italian illustrators}}
* [[Leonetto Cappiello]] (1875–1942), poster art designer. He has been called the father of modern advertising<ref>Rennert, Jack. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BB4RAQAAMAAJ&q= ''Posters of the Belle Epoque: The Wine Spectator Collection.''] Wine Spectator Press, 1999. p. 156. Web. 24 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Adolfo de Carolis]] (1874–1928), painter, illustrator and wood-engraver
* [[Onofrio Catacchio]] (born 1964), cartoonist
* [[Max Crivello]] (born 1958), illustrator and cartoonist
* [[Gabriele Dell'Otto]] (born 1973), illustrator and author whose works have been published around the world
* [[Franco Donatelli]] (1924–1995), comic artist and illustrator
* [[Virginio Livraghi]], comic strip illustrator
* [[Enrico Mazzanti]] (1850–1910), engineer and cartoonist, who illustrated the first edition of ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio|Pinocchio]]''
* [[Bartolomeo Pinelli]] (1781–1835), illustrator and engraver. He illustrated in his figures the costumes of the Italian peoples, the great epic poems and numerous other subjects
* [[Maria Zacchè]] (born 1933), illustrator
== Military and political figures ==
=== Etruscan civilization ===
{{See also|Category:Etruscan kings}}
* [[Mezentius]], legendary Etruscan king who reigned at [[Caere]] and fought against [[Aeneas]]
* [[Lars Porsena]] (6th century BC), legendary Etruscan king, alleged to have besieged Rome in a vain attempt to reinstate [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus]] on the throne
* [[Lars Tolumnius]] (died 428 BC), the most famous king of the wealthy Etruscan city-state of [[Veii]]
=== Ancient Rome ===
{{main|List of Roman Emperors|List of Roman dictators|List of Roman generals|List of Roman consuls}}
* [[Scipio Aemilianus]] (185 BC–129 BC), Roman general famed both for his exploits during the [[Third Punic War]] (149–146 BC) and for his subjugation of [[Numantine War|Spain]] (134–133 BC)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/529059/Scipio-Africanus-the-Younger "Scipio Africanus the Younger"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Caligula]] (31 August 12–24 January 41 AD) was Roman emperor from 37 to 41 AD. Was widely considered to be one of Rome's most cruelest and sadistic emperors ever to rule
* [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]] (c. 89 or 88 BC–late 13 or early 12 BC), Roman statesman, one of the [[Second Triumvirate|triumvirs]] who ruled Rome after 43 BC
* [[Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus]] (c. 229 BC–160 BC), Roman general whose victory over the Macedonians at Pydna ended the [[Third Macedonian War]] (171–168 BC)
* [[Scipio Africanus]] (235 BC–183 BC), Roman general, known for defeating [[Hannibal]] in the final [[battle of Zama]]. One of the great military minds of [[History|all times]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/529046/Scipio-Africanus-the-Elder "Scipio Africanus the Elder"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Nero]] (15 December 37–9 June 68 AD) The last emperor of the [[Julio-Claudian Dynasty]] and is believed to be responsible for the burning of Rome
* [[Mark Antony]] (83 BC–30 BC), Roman politician and general
* [[Romulus and Remus]] (c. mid to late 8th century BC), Romulus was the first king of the Roman Kingdom
* [[Marcus Atilius Regulus]] (''fl.'' 3rd century BC), Roman general and statesman
* [[Augustus]] (63 BC–AD 14), first and among the most important of the Roman Emperors. One of the great administrative geniuses of history<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/43047/Augustus "Augustus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Marcus Aurelius]] (121–180), Roman emperor, has symbolized for many generations in the West the Golden Age of the [[Roman Empire]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/364331/Marcus-Aurelius "Marcus Aurelius"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Lucius Junius Brutus]] (545 BC–509 BC), Roman consul, traditional founder of the [[Roman Republic]]
* [[Marcus Junius Brutus]] (85 BC–42 BC), Roman politician, leader of the conspirators who assassinated Julius Caesar (44 BC)
* [[Julius Caesar]] (100 BC–44 BC), Roman statesman and general, famous for the [[Gallic Wars|conquest of Gaul]]. A figure of genius and audacity equaled by few in history<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/88114/Julius-Caesar "Julius Caesar"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Marcus Furius Camillus]] (c. 446 BC–365 BC), Roman soldier and statesman
* [[Catiline]] (108 BC–62 BC), Roman politician
* [[Tiberius]] (16 November 42 BC–16 March 37 AD), second Roman emperor, succeeding Augustus
* [[Cato the Elder]] (234 BC–149 BC), Roman statesman, orator and the first Latin prose writer of importance<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/99975/Marcus-Porcius-Cato "Marcus Porcius Cato"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Cato the Younger]] (95 BC–46 BC), Roman politician and statesman in the late [[Roman Republic]]
* [[Cicero]] (106 BC–43 BC), Roman statesman, scholar, writer and [[orator]].
* [[Cincinnatus]] (519 BC–438 BC), Roman politician
* [[Appius Claudius Caecus]] (''fl.'' 3rd century BC), outstanding statesman, legal expert, and author of early Rome<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/120520/Appius-Claudius-Caecus "Appius Claudius Caecus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus]] (c. 268 BC–208 BC), Roman general who captured [[Siege of Syracuse (214–212 BC)|Syracuse]] during the [[Second Punic War]] (218–201)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/364120/Marcus-Claudius-Marcellus "Marcus Claudius Marcellus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Publius Clodius Pulcher]] (c. 93 BC–52 BC), disruptive politician, head of a band of political thugs, and bitter enemy of Cicero in late republican Rome
* [[Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus]] (?–c. 280 BC), consul in 298 BC. He defeated the [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscans]] at [[Volaterrae]] and afterwards fought against the [[Samnites]]
* [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla]] (c. 138 BC–78 BC), Roman general and statesman
* [[Manius Curius Dentatus]] (?–270 BC), Roman general. As consul led the Romans to victory over the [[Samnite Wars|Samnites]] and defeated [[Pyrrhus of Epirus]] near [[Battle of Beneventum (275 BC)|Beneventum]] (275 BC)
* [[Gaius Duilius]] (''fl.'' 3rd century BC), Roman commander who won a major naval victory over the Carthaginians during the [[First Punic War]] (264–241 BC)
* [[Germanicus]] (15 BC–AD 19), Roman general who avenged the defeat sustained by [[Publius Quinctilius Varus|Varus]] (AD 9), defeating [[Arminius]] at Idistaviso on the Weser (AD 16)
* [[Gaius Gracchus]] (154 BC–121 BC), Roman politician
* [[Marcus Licinius Crassus]] (c. 115 BC–53 BC), Roman general and politician
* [[Lucullus]] (c. 117 BC–57/56 BC), Roman general who fought [[Mithradates VI Eupator]] of Pontus from 74 to 66 BC<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/350697/Lucius-Licinius-Lucullus "Lucius Licinius Lucullus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Gaius Maecenas]] (70 BC–8 BC), Roman diplomat, counsellor to the Roman emperor Augustus
* [[Gaius Marius]] (157 BC–86 BC), Roman general and politician
* [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus]] (c. 280 BC–203 BC), Roman politician and general, famous for having invented the [[guerrilla warfare]] (method of combat in 217 BC)
* [[Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus]] (c. 229 BC–160 BC), Roman general whose victory over the Macedonians at Pydna ended the [[Third Macedonian War]] (171–168 BC)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/447198/Lucius-Aemilius-Paullus-Macedonicus "Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pontius Pilate]] (16 BC–AD 36), Roman politician, famous primarily as a crucial character in the [[New Testament]] account of [[Jesus]]
* [[Antoninus Pius]] (86–161), Roman emperor, mild-mannered and capable, he was the fourth of the [[Five Good Emperors|five good emperors]]"<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/28784/Antoninus-Pius "Antoninus Pius] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pompey]] (106 BC–48 BC), Roman military and political leader of the late [[Roman Republic]]
* [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus]] (535 BC-509 BC), [[Roman Kingdom|King of Rome]] famed for his resistance against the people trying to found the [[Roman Republic]]
* [[Trajan]] (53–117), Emperor who presided over the greatest expansion in Roman history. He was born in [[Italica]], a colony of ''Italian'' settlers in [[Hispania]], and his family was from [[Umbria]]
* [[Titus Quinctius Flamininus]] (c. 229 BC–174 BC), Roman general and statesman who established the Roman hegemony over Greece<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/209437/Titus-Quinctius-Flamininus "Titus Quinctius Flamininus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Quintus Sertorius]] (c. 126 BC–73 BC), one of the most able Roman generals, who displayed a particular genius for leading armies of irregulars<ref>Holmes, Richard; Strachan, Hew; Bellamy, Chris. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8YAAAAIAAJ&q= ''The Oxford companion to military history'']. Oxford University Press, 2001. p. 820. Web. 17 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa]] (63 BC–12 BC), Roman statesman and general; he was long honored by the Roman military as the inventor of the [[Harpax]]
* [[Gaius Ofonius Tigellinus]] (c. 10–69), prefect of the Roman Imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, from 62 until 68, during the reign of Emperor Nero.
=== Roman Catholic Church ===
{{main|List of popes}}
{{See also|Category:Cardinals (Catholic Church)|Category:Roman Catholic bishops|Category:Italian popes}}
* [[Pope Adrian I]] (c. 700–795), pope from 772 to 795; his pontificate was unequalled in length by that of any successor of [[Saint Peter]] until a thousand years later
* [[Pope Agapetus I]] (?–536), of noble birth, he was an [[archdeacon]] at the time of his election (13 May 535)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/8741/Saint-Agapetus-I "Saint Agapetus I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Alexander III]] (c. 1100/1105–1181), Pope from 1159 to 1181. He is remembered for the long-standing dispute with the Holy Roman Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]]
* [[Ambrose]] (337 or 340–397), bishop of [[Milan]]; one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the [[Christianity in the 4th century|4th century]]; he was also the teacher of [[Saint Augustine]]
* [[Augustine of Canterbury]] (?–604), Benedictine monk and the first [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]. He is considered the "Apostle to the English" and a founder of the English Church
* [[Benedict of Nursia]] (c. 480 – c. 547), father of [[Christian monasticism#Early Christianity|Western monasticism]]; the rule that he established became the norm for monastic living throughout Europe<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/60548/Saint-Benedict-of-Nursia "Saint Benedict of Nursia"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Benedict V]] (?–966), pope, or [[antipope]], from 22 May 964, to 23 June 964, when he was deposed
* [[Pope Boniface VIII]] (c. 1235 – 1303), issued in 1302, the famous bull ''[[Unam sanctam]]'' (pushing [[papal supremacy]] to its historical extreme)
* [[Pope Celestine I]] (?–432), pope from 422 to 432
* [[Pope Celestine V]] (1215–1296), pope from 5 July to 13 December 1294, the first pontiff to [[Papal resignation|abdicate]]. He founded the [[Celestines|Celestine order]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/101351/Saint-Celestine-V "Saint Celestine V"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Peter Damian]] (c. 1007 – 1072), cardinal and [[Doctor of the Church]]. He was an original leader and a forceful figure in the [[Gregorian Reform]] movement
* [[Pope Gregory I]] (c. 540–604), founder" of the medieval papacy, which exercised both secular and spiritual power;<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/245549/Saint-Gregory-I "Saint Gregory I] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref> he is considered one of the great [[Church Fathers#Latin Fathers|Latin Fathers]] of the Church
* [[Pope Gregory II]] (669–731), greatly encouraged the Christianizing of Germany by SS; the [[Donation of Sutri]] (728) is considered the constitutive act of the [[Papal States]]
* [[Pope Gregory VII]] (c. 1015/1028–1085), one of the great reforming popes; known for the part he played in the [[Investiture Controversy]]
* [[John Gualbert]] (985 or 995–1073), Roman Catholic saint. The founder of the [[Vallumbrosan Order]]
* [[Pope Honorius I]] (?–638), pope from 625 to 638 whose posthumous condemnation as a heretic subsequently caused extensive controversy on the question of [[papal infallibility]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/271104/Honorius-I "Honorius I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Honorius III]] (?–1227), often considered one of the great administrators in [[papal history]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/271115/Honorius-III "Honorius III"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Innocent III]] (1160–1216), during his reign, the papacy was at the height of its [[Universal power|powers]]
* [[Pope John II]] (?–535), pope from 533 to 535. He was the first pontiff to change his original name, which he considered [[pagan]], assuming the name of the martyred [[Saint John I]] (523–526)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/304730/John-II "John II"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope John VIII]] (?–?), often considered one of the ablest pontiffs of the [[List of popes#9th century|9th century]]
* [[Pope John XIX]] (?–1032), pope from 1024 to 1032
* [[Pope Leo I]] (c. 400–461), pope from 440 to 461, master exponent of papal supremacy<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/336187/Saint-Leo-I "Saint Leo I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Leo III]] (750–816), known for crowning [[Charlemagne]] as the first [[Holy Roman Emperor]]
* [[Pope Liberius]] (?–366), pope from 352 to 366
* [[Matilda of Tuscany]] (1046–1115), noblewoman. She was a strong supporter of the [[papacy]] during the [[Investiture Controversy]]
* [[Pope Nicholas I]] (c. 800–867), pope from 858 to 867, master theorist of papal power, considered to have been the most forceful of the [[early medieval]] pontiffs<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/414085/Saint-Nicholas-I "Saint Nicholas I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Paulinus of Nola]] (353–431), [[bishop]] of [[Nola]] and one of the most important Christian Latin poets of his time. He is also the inventor of church [[Bell (instrument)|bells]]
* [[Romuald]] (c. 950–1025/1027), Christian ascetic who founded the [[Camaldolese]] Benedictines (Hermits)
* [[Pope Sergius I]] (?–701), pope from 687 to 701, one of the most important [[List of popes#7th century|7th-century pontiffs]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/535547/Saint-Sergius-I "Saint Sergius I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Stephen II]] (715–757), pope from 752 to 757. He severed ties with the [[Byzantine Empire]] and thus became the first temporal sovereign of the newly founded Papal States<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/565425/Stephen-II-or-III "Stephen II (or III)"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Sylvester I]] (?–335), one of the most illustrious popes of [[List of popes#4th century|his age]]; after his death, became a major figure of legend
* [[Pope Symmachus]] (?–514), pope from 498 to 514
* [[Rainerius Saccho]], 13th century Inquisitor
=== Renaissance ===
{{main|House of Medici}}
* [[Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence]] (1510–1537), the first [[duke of Florence]] (1532–37)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/13886/Alessandro "Alessandro"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Catherine de' Medici]] (1519–1589), Queen of France
* [[Cosimo de' Medici]] (1389–1464), founder of the Medici political dynasty
* [[Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] (1519–1574), second duke of Florence (1537–74) and first [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany|grand duke of Tuscany]] (1569–74)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/139151/Cosimo-I "Cosimo I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] (1549–1609), grand duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609
* [[Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] (1541–1587), second grand duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 to 1587
* [[Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici]] (1360–1429), restored the family fortune and made the Medici family the wealthiest in Europe
* [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] (1449–1492), leader of Florence during the Golden Age of the [[Renaissance]]; patron of arts and letters, the most brilliant of the Medici
* [[Marie de' Medici]] (1575–1642), Queen and Regent of France who was a harsh opponent of [[Protestantism]] in France
* [[Salvestro de' Medici]] (1331–1388), [[Gonfaloniere of Justice|Gonfaloniere]] and Provost of the city of [[Florence]]
* [[Pope Clement VII]] (Giulio de' Medici) (1478–1534), pope from 1523 to 1534; it was Pope Clement who excommunicated [[Henry VIII of England]]
* [[Pope Leo X]] (Giovanni de' Medici) (1475–1521), a Cardinal-Deacon from the age of 13
* [[Pope Leo XI]] (Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici) (1535–1605), pope from 1–27 April 1605<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/336283/Leo-XI "Leo XI"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
{{Main|List of condottieri}}
* [[Cesare Borgia]] (1475/1476–1507), Spanish-Italian ''condottiero'', nobleman, politician, and cardinal. Powerful lord, and a leading figure in the politics of his era
* [[Bartolomeo Colleoni]] (1400–1475), ''condottiere'', at various times in Venetian and Milanese service and from 1454 general in chief of the [[Republic of Venice]] for life
* [[Andrea Doria]] (1466–1560), ''condottiere'', and admiral who was the foremost naval leader of his time<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/169439/Andrea-Doria "Andrea Doria"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Erasmo of Narni]] (1370–1443, known as Gattamelata), who served Florence, Venice and the pope before becoming dictator of Padua
* [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]] (1194–1250), King of Sicily and promoter of Sicilian culture and political power; expanded domain into much of Italy<ref>Hearder, Harry; Morris, Jonathan (2002). ''Italy: A Short History''. Page 68 says he was Italian (not German or Norman).</ref>
* [[Federico da Montefeltro]] (1422–1482), [[Duke of Urbino|lord of Urbino]] from 1444 (as Duke from 1474) until his death. He is widely regarded as one of the most successful ''condottieri'' of his time
* [[Giovanni dalle Bande Nere]] (1498–1526), the most noted soldier of all the [[House of Medici|Medici]]
* [[Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta]] (1417–1468), ''condottiero'' and nobleman. He was widely considered by his contemporaries as one of the most daring military leaders in Italy
* [[Niccolò Piccinino]] (1386–1444), soldier of fortune who played an important role in the 15th-century wars of the [[Visconti of Milan]] against [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], [[Republic of Florence|Florence]], and the [[pope]]
* [[Francesco I Sforza]] (1401–1466), ''condottiere'' who played a crucial role in 15th-century Italian politics
* [[Muzio Sforza]] (1369–1424), soldier of fortune who played an important role in the wars of his period and whose son Francesco became duke of Milan
* [[Gian Giacomo Trivulzio]] (1440/1441–1518), aristocrat and ''condottiero'' who served as a military captain under [[Galeazzo Maria Sforza|Galeazzo]], later became the grand [[Marshal of France]]
=== Early Modern period to Unification ===
{{See also|History of Italy (1559–1814)}}
* [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]] (1562–1630), skilled soldier and shrewd politician. He was nicknamed ''Testa d'feu'' ("Head of Fire") for his rashness and military attitudes
* [[Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi]] (1738–1808), general in the service of the Austrian army
* [[Achille Fontanelli]] (1755–1838), Minister of War and general of the [[Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy]]
* [[Franziska Scanagatta]] (1776–1864), military officer who served the [[Austrian Empire]].
* [[Torquato Conti]] (1591–1636), military commander who served as a [[Generalfeldmarschall|General-Field Marshal]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] during the [[Thirty Years' War]]
* [[Eugene of Savoy]] (1663–1736), general in the service of the Austrian [[Holy Roman emperor]]
* [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma]] (1545–1592), revitalized Spanish rule in the southern provinces of the Netherlands (modern Belgium and Luxembourg)
* [[Pasquale Paoli]] (1725–1807), statesman and general, hailed as the father of [[Corsica]]. He wrote and promulgated the modern world's first democratic constitution in 1755<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ySD9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=Corsican+%22first+democratic+constitution%22&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=jasgU4DjMMbYkQeoyoDoCA&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Corsican%20%22first%20democratic%20constitution%22&f=false], ''Transported by Song: Corsican Voices from Oral Tradition to World Stage'' by Caroline Bithell.</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d7NBoT2pv5QC&q=Corsican+%22first+democratic+constitution%22%5D%2C&pg=PA86|title=Other Histories|first=Kirsten|last=Hastrup|date=22 August 1992|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=9780415061230}}</ref>
* [[Pietro Micca]] (1677–1706), the [[Mining (military)|miner]] who at the sacrifice of his own life saved the citadel of Turin (1706) from French troops
* [[Raimondo Montecuccoli]] (1609–1680), [[field marshal]] and military reformer. In the service of the [[Habsburgs]], he took part in the [[Thirty Years' War]]
* [[Napoleon]] (1769–1821), [[Corsicans|Corsican]] military and political leader, founder and leader of the [[First French Empire]], the [[Italian Republic (Napoleonic)|Italian Republic]] and [[kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom]]
* [[Ottavio Piccolomini]] (1599–1656), general and diplomat in the service of the [[House of Habsburg]] during the [[Thirty Years' War]]
* [[Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases]] (1569–1630), general and master of [[siege warfare]] in the service of Spain
* [[Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia]] (1666–1732), King of Sicily (1713–1720) and of Sardinia (1720–1730), established the foundation for the future Italian national state
=== 1861 to the rise of Fascism ===
{{main|Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|}}
{{See also|Category:Italian military personnel of World War I|Category:Italian military personnel of World War II|Category:Italian fascists}}
* [[Pietro Badoglio]] (1871–1956), general and statesman during the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini
* [[Italo Balbo]] (1896–1940), airman and fascist leader who played a decisive role in developing Benito Mussolini's [[air force]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/49907/Italo-Balbo "Italo Balbo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
*[[Oreste Baratieri]] (1841–1901), general and governor of Italian Eritrea
* [[Cesare Battisti (politician)|Cesare Battisti]] (1875–1916), politician
* [[Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour]] (1810–1861), politician, leading figure in the movement toward [[Italian unification]]
* [[Francesco Crispi]] (1819–1901), statesman who, after being exiled from Naples and Sardinia-Piedmont for revolutionary activities, eventually became premier of a united Italy<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143262/Francesco-Crispi "Francesco Crispi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Salvo D'Acquisto]] (1920–1943), member of the Italian [[Carabinieri]], awarded the [[Gold Medal of Military Valor]] in memory of his heroism
* [[Armando Diaz]] (1861–1928), general and a Marshal of Italy
* [[Giulio Douhet]] (1869–1930), military, the first to envision the true potential of airpower and [[Area bombardment|strategic bombardment]]
* [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] (1807–1882), patriot and soldier of the Risorgimento; contributed to the achievement of Italian unification under the royal [[House of Savoy]]
* [[Maurizio Giglio]] (1920–1944), soldier, policeman and secret agent, recipient of the [[Gold Medal of Military Valor]]
* [[Giovanni Giolitti]] (1842–1928), statesman and five times prime minister under whose leadership Italy prospered
* [[Antonio Gramsci]] (1891–1937), intellectual and politician, a founder of the Italian Communist Party whose ideas greatly influenced Italian communism<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/240991/Antonio-Gramsci "Antonio Gramsci"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giacomo Matteotti]] (1885–1924), socialist politician. He strongly denounced the [[National Fascist Party]]. Two weeks after his speech, he was kidnapped and murdered by fascists
* [[Giuseppe Mazzini]] (1805–1872), propagandist and revolutionary; a champion of the movement for Italian unity known as the Risorgimento
* [[Benito Mussolini]] (1883–1945), prime minister (1922–43) and the first of 20th-century Europe's [[fascist]] [[dictator]]s<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/399484/Benito-Mussolini "Benito Mussolini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Carlo Rosselli]] (1899–1937), political leader, journalist, and historian. He was committed to the anti-fascist struggle in [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Italy]] and in the [[Spanish Civil War]]
* [[Piero Torrigiani]] (1846–1920), mayor of Florence
* [[Enrico Toti]] (1882–1916), deportist, patriot and hero of World War I
* [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy]] (1820–1878), King of Sardinia–Piedmont who became the first king of a united Italy<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/627567/Victor-Emmanuel-II "Victor Emmanuel II"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy]] (1869–1947), [[King of Italy#Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946), House of Savoy|King of Italy]] whose reign brought the end of the Italian monarchy<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/627580/Victor-Emmanuel-III "Victor Emmanuel III"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
===Italian Republic===
{{See also|List of Presidents of the Italian Republic|List of Prime Ministers of Italy|Template:Lists of Italian politicians by party|}}
* [[Giulio Andreotti]] (1919–2013), [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democratic]] politician who was several times prime minister of Italy in the period from 1972 to 1992<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/23943/Giulio-Andreotti "Giulio Andreotti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Enrico Berlinguer]] (1922–1984), secretary-general of the [[Italian Communist Party]] from March 1972 until his death
* [[Silvio Berlusconi]] (born 1936), media tycoon who served three times as [[prime minister of Italy]] (1994; 2001–06; 2008–11)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62274/Silvio-Berlusconi "Silvio Berlusconi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Umberto Bossi]] (born 1941), politician who was leader (born 1991) of the [[Lega Nord]] party<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/74823/Umberto-Bossi "Umberto Bossi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Bettino Craxi]] (1934–2000), politician who became his nation's first [[Italian Socialist Party#Bettino Craxi|Socialist]] prime minister (1983–87)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/142035/Bettino-Craxi "Bettino Craxi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Alcide De Gasperi]] (1881–1954), statesman and politician, considered to be one of the [[Founding fathers of the European Union]]
* [[Enrico De Nicola]] (1877–1959), politician, the first provisional Head of State of the [[Italian constitutional referendum, 1946|newborn republic]] of Italy from 1946 to 1948
* [[Antonio Di Pietro]] (born 1950), jurist and politician who uncovered a wide-ranging government [[Political corruption|corruption]] scandal
* [[Luigi Einaudi]] (1874–1961), economist and statesman, the first president (1948–55) of the Republic of Italy<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/181310/Luigi-Einaudi "Luigi Einaudi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Nilde Iotti]] (1920–1999), politician
* [[Aldo Moro]] (1916–1978), leader of the Christian Democratic Party, who served five times as premier of Italy. In 1978 he was kidnapped and subsequently murdered by [[Red Brigades|left-wing terrorists]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/392584/Aldo-Moro "Aldo Moro"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Romano Prodi]] (born 1939), politician who was twice prime minister of Italy (1996–98; 2006–08) and who served as president of the [[European Commission]] (1999–2004)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/477886/Romano-Prodi "Romano Prodi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Antonio Segni]] (1891–1972), statesman, twice premier (1955–57, 1959–60), and fourth president (1962–64) of Italy
* [[Luigi Sturzo]] (1871–1959), priest, public official, and political organizer who founded a party that was a forerunner of the Italian Christian Democrat movement<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/570213/Luigi-Sturzo "Luigi Sturzo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Palmiro Togliatti]] (1893–1964), politician who led the Italian Communist Party for nearly 40 years and made it the largest in Europe<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/598061/Palmiro-Togliatti "Palmiro Togliatti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Altiero Spinelli]] (1907–1986), statesman, author of the so-called "[[Spinelli Plan]]", co-author of the [[Ventotene Manifesto]], founder of the [[Crocodile Club]], co-founder of the [[Union of European Federalists]], hailed as one of the Fathers of [[European Union]]<ref>[http://europa.eu/about-eu/eu-history/founding-fathers/pdf/altiero_spinelli_en.pdf] "European Commission, The Founding Fathers of EU", Altiero Spinelli: an unrelenting federalist.</ref>
==Musicians==
=== Composers ===
{{Main|List of Italian composers}}
==== Middle Ages ====
* [[Johannes Ciconia]] (c. 1370–1412), composer and theorist. His open melodic style, clarity of texture, and "modern" sense of harmonic direction make him an attractive and accessible composer
* [[Gherardello da Firenze]] (c. 1320/1325–1362/1363), composer. He was known for his liturgical compositions but only two mass movements have survived
* [[Guido of Arezzo]] (c. 990–1050), music theorist whose principles served as a foundation for modern Western [[musical notation]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/248582/Guido-dArezzo "Guido d’Arezzo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Jacopo da Bologna]] (''fl.'' 1340–1360), court composer during the [[Trecento]] and one of the earliest composers of [[polyphonic]] secular songs
* [[Francesco Landini]] (c. 1325/1335–1397), composer, organist and poet. Celebrated in his own day as a master of the ''[[Music of the Trecento|Italian ars nova]]'' style, among his works are madrigals, cacce, and ballate
* [[Marchetto da Padova]] (''fl.'' 1305–1319), music theorist and composer. He lived at [[Cesena]] and [[Verona]] at some time and was in the service of [[Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes|Rainier]], [[Prince of Monaco]]
==== Renaissance ====
* [[Giovanni Animuccia]] (c. 1500 – 1571), composer who contributed to the development of the [[oratorio]]
* [[Adriano Banchieri]] (1568–1634), one of the principal composers of [[Madrigal comedy|madrigal comedies]] and choral pieces<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/51350/Adriano-Banchieri "Adriano Banchieri"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giulio Caccini]] (1551–1618), composer and singer; ''[[Le nuove musiche]]'' (1602), a collection of songs with basso continuo, was of landmark importance in establishing the new monodic style
* [[Francesco Canova da Milano]] (1497–1543), lutenist and composer. Known as ''Il divino'' ("the divine"), he was the finest composer of [[lute song|lute music]] before [[John Dowland]]
* [[Emilio de' Cavalieri]] (1550–1602), composer. One of the earliest to compose dramatic music<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100525/Emilio-de-Cavalieri "Emilio de’ Cavalieri"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Andrea Gabrieli]] (1532/33–1585), composer and organist, known for his madrigals and his large-scale choral and [[instrumental music]] for public ceremonies<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/223225/Andrea-Gabrieli "Andrea Gabrieli"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Gabrieli]] (c. 1554/1557–1612), composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time
* [[Carlo Gesualdo]] (1566–1613), composer and lutist. He is famous for his intensely expressive [[Madrigal (music)|madrigals]], which use a [[Chromaticism|chromatic]] language not heard of until the 19th century
* [[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina]] (1525/1526–1594), composer associated with the [[Roman School]] ([[Renaissance music]])
* [[Luzzasco Luzzaschi]] (c. 1545 – 1607), composer, organist, and teacher of the late [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]]
* [[Luca Marenzio]] (1553–1599), composer whose madrigals are considered to be among the finest examples of Italian [[Madrigal (music)|madrigals]] of the late 16th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/364516/Luca-Marenzio "Luca Marenzio"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Claudio Merulo]] (1533–1604), composer. He was organist of [[Brescia]] Cathedral (1556–7) and of [[St Mark's Basilica]], [[Venice]] (1557–84), where he was also an organ consultant, publisher and teacher
* [[Claudio Monteverdi]] (1567–1643), composer, violinist and singer considered a crucial figure in the [[history of music]]
* [[Jacopo Peri]] (1561–1633), composer and singer; often called the inventor of [[opera]]
* [[Gioseffo Zarlino]] (1517–1590), composer and writer on music, the most celebrated [[music theorist]] of the mid-16th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/655982/Gioseffo-Zarlino "Gioseffo Zarlino"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
==== Baroque ====
* [[Tomaso Albinoni]] (1671–1751), composer remembered chiefly for his [[instrumental]] music
* [[Gregorio Allegri]] (1582–1652), composer of [[church music]]. The famous ''[[Miserere (Allegri)|Miserere]]'', performed yearly on Wednesday and Friday of [[Passion Week]], in the papal chapel, is his composition
* [[Francesca Caccini]] (1587–1641), composer and singer, daughter of [[Giulio Caccini]]. She was the first woman to compose [[opera]] and probably the most prolific woman composer of her time
* [[Antonio Caldara]] (1670/71–1736), composer. He composed many [[opera]]s and [[oratorio]]s, other sacred and secular [[vocal music]], and [[Chamber music|chamber]] works. His canons were especially popular
* [[Giacomo Carissimi]] (1605–1674), composer and one of the most celebrated masters of the early [[Baroque]], or, more accurately, the [[Roman School]] of music
* [[Francesco Cavalli]] (1602–1676), the most important Italian composer of opera in the mid-17th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100553/Francesco-Cavalli "Francesco Cavalli"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Antonio Cesti]] (1623–1669), composer who, with Francesco Cavalli, was one of the leading Italian composers of the 17th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/103869/Pietro-Antonio-Cesti "Pietro Antonio Cesti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Arcangelo Corelli]] (1653–1713), violinist, composer, conductor and teacher. Founder of the Italian school of violin
* [[Girolamo Frescobaldi]] (1583–1643), musician and one of the most important composers of [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]] instrumental music in the late [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]] and early [[Baroque music]] periods
* [[Francesco Geminiani]] (1687–1762), composer, violinist, teacher, writer on musical [[performance]], and a leading figure in early 18th-century music<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/228124/Francesco-Geminiani "Francesco Geminiani"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Leonardo Leo]] (1694–1744), composer who was noted for his [[comic opera]]s and who was instrumental in forming the Neapolitan style of opera composition
* [[Pietro Locatelli]] (1695–1764), composer and violinist. His influential ''L′arte del violino'' (1733) contains 12 solo violin concertos and 24 caprices for solo violin
* [[Jean Baptiste Lully]] (1632–1687), Italian-French composer. He was court composer to [[Louis XIV]], founding the national [[French opera]] and producing court ballets for [[Molière]]'s plays
* [[Giovanni Battista Pergolesi]] (1710–1736), composer whose [[intermezzo]] ''[[La serva padrona]]'' (1733) was one of the most celebrated stage works of the 18th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/451597/Giovanni-Battista-Pergolesi "Giovanni Battista Pergolesi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Nicola Porpora]] (1686–1768), composer. Leading Italian teacher of singing of the 18th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/470757/Nicola-Porpora "Nicola Porpora"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Alessandro Scarlatti]] (1660–1725), composer of operas and religious works. He is considered the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera
* [[Domenico Scarlatti]] (1685–1757), composer noted particularly for his 555 keyboard [[sonata]]s, which substantially expanded the technical and musical possibilities of the [[harpsichord]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/526711/Domenico-Scarlatti "Domenico Scarlatti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Barbara Strozzi]] (1619–1677), virtuoso singer and composer of [[vocal music]], one of only a few women in the 17th century to publish their own compositions
* [[Giuseppe Tartini]] (1692–1770), violinist, composer, and theorist who helped establish the modern style of violin bowing and formulated principles of [[Ornament (music)|musical ornamentation]] and harmony<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583783/Giuseppe-Tartini "Giuseppe Tartini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Torelli]] (1658–1709), composer and violinist, noted for his essential role in the development of the [[solo concerto]], [[concerto grosso]], and [[sonata da camera]] forms
* [[Antonio Vivaldi]] (1678–1741), composer, Italian [[Baroque music|baroque]], known for violin music and the [[concerto grosso]]
* [[Domenico Zipoli]] (1688–1726), organist and composer. In 1716 he published his collection ''Sonate d'intavolatura per organo e cimbalo''
==== Classical period ====
* [[Luigi Boccherini]] (1743–1805), composer and cellist. His vast [[chamber music]] output includes some 125 [[string quintet]]s, some 90 string quartets, and many [[string trio]]s
* [[Ferdinando Carulli]] (1770–1841), guitarist, composer and teacher. Known for his concertos, sonatas, studies, variations and transcriptions (over 300 opus numbers)
* [[Domenico Cimarosa]] (1749–1801), composer; a leading representative of the [[opera buffa]]. Among his numerous works, ''[[Il matrimonio segreto]]'' (1792) is universally renowned
* [[Baldassare Galuppi]] (1706–1784), composer whose [[comic opera]]s won him the title father of the [[opera buffa]]."<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/224647/Baldassare-Galuppi "Baldassare Galuppi] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Mauro Giuliani]] (1781–1829), the most important guitarist and composer of [[guitar]] music of his time
* [[Niccolò Jommelli]] (1714–1774), composer of [[religious music]] and operas, an innovator in his use of the [[orchestra]]
* [[Giovanni Battista Martini]] (1706–1784), composer, music theorist, and music historian who was internationally renowned as a teacher<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/367071/Giovanni-Battista-Martini "Giovanni Battista Martini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 12 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Paisiello]] (1740–1816), one of the most successful and influential opera composers of his time. He composed more than 80 operas, including a very popular ''[[Barber of Seville]]'' (1782)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/438727/Giovanni-Paisiello "Giovanni Paisiello"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Niccolò Piccinni]] (1728–1800), composer of more than 100 operas. His most famous opera was ''[[La buona figliuola]]'' (1760), which established him as one of the leading composers of his day
* [[Antonio Salieri]] (1750–1825), composer whose operas were acclaimed throughout Europe in the late 18th century
* [[Giovanni Battista Sammartini]] (1700/1701–1775), composer who was an important formative influence on the pre-Classical symphony
* [[Giovanni Battista Viotti]] (1755–1824), violinist and composer, principal founder of the 19th-century school of violin playing
==== Romantic ====
* [[Vincenzo Bellini]] (1801–1835), opera composer. His most celebrated works are the operas ''[[La sonnambula]]'' and ''[[Norma (opera)|Norma]]'' (both 1831)
* [[Arrigo Boito]] (1842–1918), composer and poet. He is remembered for his opera ''[[Mefistofele]]'' (1868)
* [[Alfredo Catalani]] (1854–1893), composer of the popular opera ''[[La Wally]]'' (1892). His operas were among the most important in the period preceding the [[verismo]] school
* [[Luigi Cherubini]] (1760–1842), composer, who lived in Paris after 1788. Of his nearly 40 operas, the most popular were ''[[Lodoïska]]'' (1791), ''[[Médée (Cherubini)|Médée]]'' (1797), and ''[[Les deux journées]]'' (1800)
* [[Muzio Clementi]] (1752–1832), composer, pianist, organist and teacher who is acknowledged as the first to write specifically for the [[piano]]
* [[Gaetano Donizetti]] (1797–1848), opera composer. Among his major works are ''[[Lucia di Lammermoor]]'' (1835), ''[[La fille du régiment]]'' (1840), and ''[[La favorite]]'' (1840)
* [[Ruggero Leoncavallo]] (1857–1919), opera composer whose fame rests on the opera ''[[Pagliacci]]'' (1892)
* [[Pietro Mascagni]] (1863–1945), operatic composer, one of the principal exponents of [[verismo]]. Mascagni came up with his masterpiece ''[[Cavalleria rusticana]]'' in 1890 to tremendous success
* [[Saverio Mercadante]] (1795–1870), composer, teacher and orchestrator. He is considered to have been an important reformer of [[Italian opera]]
* [[Niccolò Paganini]] (1782–1840), composer and principal violin [[virtuoso]] of the 19th century
* [[Amilcare Ponchielli]] (1834–1886), composer, known for his opera ''[[La Gioconda (opera)|La Gioconda]]'' (1876)
* [[Gioachino Rossini]] (1792–1868), composer nicknamed "The Italian Mozart". Operas include: ''[[The Barber of Seville]]'' (1816), ''[[La Cenerentola]]'' (1817), and ''[[Semiramide]]'' (1823)
* [[Gaspare Spontini]] (1774–1851), composer and conductor. His most acclaimed work was ''[[La Vestale]]'' (1807)
* [[Giuseppe Verdi]] (1813–1901), leading Italian composer of [[opera]] in the 19th century, noted for operas such as ''[[Rigoletto]]'' (1851), ''[[La traviata]]'' (1853), ''[[Aida]]'' (1871) and ''[[Otello]]'' (1887) among others
==== The 1900s ====
*[[Pippo Barzizza]] (1902-1994), composer, arranger, conductor and music director
* [[Luciano Berio]] (1925–2003), musician, whose success as theorist, conductor, composer, and teacher placed him among the leading representatives of the musical [[avant-garde]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/61963/Luciano-Berio "Luciano Berio"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Ferruccio Busoni]] (1866–1924), pianist and composer who attained fame as a pianist of brilliance and intellectual power
* [[Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco]] (1895–1968), composer in the Neoromantic style. [[Literature]] and [[Judaism]] were influential in his compositions
* [[Vito Carnevali]] (1888 – c. 1960) composer of choral music for the Roman Catholic Church<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9lJMAgAAQBAJ&q=carnevali&pg=PA184|title=Choral Music in the Twentieth Century|last=Strimple|first=Nick|date=2005-11-01|publisher=Amadeus Press|isbn=9781574673784|pages=184|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Francesco Cilea]] (1866–1950), composer whose operas are distinguished by their melodic charm.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/117767/Francesco-Cilea "Francesco Cilea"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref> known for ''[[Adriana Lecouvreur]]'' (1902)
* [[Luigi Dallapiccola]] (1904–1975), composer known for his lyrical [[Serialism|twelve-tone]] compositions
* [[Lorenzo Ferrero]] (born 1951), composer. Among his major works are the operas ''[[Salvatore Giuliano (opera)|Salvatore Giuliano]]'' (1986), ''[[La Conquista (opera)|La Conquista]]'' (2005), and ''[[Risorgimento! (opera)|Risorgimento!]]'' (2011)
* [[Umberto Giordano]] (1867–1948), opera composer in the [[verismo]], or "realist", style, known for his opera ''[[Andrea Chénier]]'' (1896)
*[[Piero Piccioni]] (1921 – 2004), lawyer, pianist, organist, conductor, composer, he was also the prolific author of more than 300 film soundtracks.
* [[Pietro Mascagni]] (1863–1945), opera composer, famous for ''[[Cavalleria rusticana]]'', one of the classic ''verismo'' operas
* [[Ennio Morricone]] (1928–2020), composer and conductor. He is considered one of the most prolific and influential film composers of his era
* [[Luigi Nono (composer)|Luigi Nono]] (1924–1990), leading Italian composer of electronic, aleatory, and serial music
* [[Goffredo Petrassi]] (1904–2003), composer of modern classical music, conductor, and teacher
* [[Giacomo Puccini]] (1858–1924), composer of operas. His finest operas, ''[[La bohème]]'' (1896), ''[[Tosca]]'' (1900), ''[[Madama Butterfly]]'' (1904), and ''[[Turandot]]'' (produced posthumously in 1926)
* [[Ottorino Respighi]] (1879–1936), composer, known for colourful tone poems ''[[The Fountains of Rome]]'' (1916) and ''[[The Pines of Rome]]'' (1924)
* [[Nino Rota]] (1911–1979), composer of film scores, notably for the films of [[Federico Fellini]] and [[Luchino Visconti]]
* [[John Serry Sr.]] (1915–2003), Italian-American composer of music for the [[Free-bass system]] Accordion including ''[[American Rhapsody]]'' (1955) and ''[[Concerto for Free Bass Accordion]]'' (1964)
=== Conductors ===
{{See also|Category:Italian conductors (music)}}
* [[Claudio Abbado]] (1933–2014), conductor. Principal conductor of the [[London Symphony Orchestra]] (1979–88); director of the [[Vienna State Opera]] (1986–91), and the [[Berlin Philharmonic]] (1989–2001)
* [[Ferruccio Busoni]] (1866–1924), pianist and composer who attained fame as a pianist of brilliance and intellectual power
* [[Riccardo Chailly]] (born 1953), conductor known for his devotion to contemporary music, and for his attempts to modernize approaches to the traditional symphonic repertory
* [[Victor de Sabata]] (1892–1967), conductor and composer. He is widely recognized as one of the most distinguished operatic conductors of the 20th century
*[[Piero Gamba]] (born 1936), also known as Pierino Gamba, orchestral conductor and pianist. Gamba came to attention as a child prodigy.
* [[Daniele Gatti]] (born 1961), conductor. He is considered the foremost conductor of his generation"<ref>[http://www.rpo.co.uk/rpo_conductor.php?cid=11 "Daniele Gatti] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719232722/http://www.rpo.co.uk/rpo_conductor.php?cid=11 |date=19 July 2011 }} [http://www.rpo.co.uk/ ''RPO.''] Web. 2 March 2011.</ref>
*[[Franco Ferrara]] (1911-1985), conductor and teacher ofvarious prominent conductors, including Roberto Abbado, Riccardo Chailly, Andrew Davis and Riccardo Muti
*[[Gianandrea Gavazzeni]] (1909 – 1996), conductor of opera
* [[Carlo Maria Giulini]] (1914–2005), conductor esteemed for his skills in directing both grand opera and [[symphony orchestras]]
* [[Fabio Luisi]] (born 1959), conductor of the [[Vienna Symphony]] and the [[Staatskapelle Dresden]]
* [[Gianandrea Noseda]] (born 1964), conductor of the [[National Symphony Orchestra]] of Washington D.C.
* [[Riccardo Muti]] (born 1941), conductor of both opera and the symphonic repertory. He became one of the most respected and charismatic conductors of his generation<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/399797/Riccardo-Muti "Riccardo Muti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Claudio Scimone]] (1934–2018), conductor. He founded [[I Solisti Veneti]] in 1959, specializing in 18th-century and 20th-century Italian music
* [[Tullio Serafin]] (1878–1968), conductor. An outstanding conductor of [[Italian opera]], he did much to foster the revival of interest in [[Vincenzo Bellini|Bellini]] and [[Donizetti]]
* [[Giuseppe Sinopoli]] (1946–2001), performed with an intensity and daring that made him one of Europe's most controversial orchestra leaders
* [[Arturo Toscanini]] (1867–1957), conductor, considered one of the great virtuoso conductors of the first half of the 20th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/600338/Arturo-Toscanini "Arturo Toscanini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
=== Singers ===
{{See also|Category:Italian singers|Category:Italian songwriters|Category:Italian rappers}}
* [[Achille Lauro (rapper)|Achille Lauro]] (born 1990) – rapper/singer
* [[Alexia (Italian singer)|Alexia]] (born 1967) – singer/songwriter
* [[Alessandra Amoroso]] (born 1986) – singer/songwriter
* [[Annalisa]] (born 1985) – singer/songwriter
* [[Arisa]] (born 1982) – singer/songwriter
* [[Bianca Atzei]] (born 1987) – singer/songwriter
* [[Serena Autieri]] (born 1976) – singer/songwriter
* [[Malika Ayane]] (born 1984) – singer/songwriter
* [[Baby K (artist)|Baby K]] (born 1983) – singer/songwriter
*[[:fr:Don Backy|Don Backy]] (born 1939) – singer
* [[Bassi Maestro]] (born 1973) – rapper
* [[Claudio Baglioni]] (born 1951) – singer/songwriter
* [[Franco Battiato]] (1945–2021) – singer/songwriter, composer
* [[Lucio Battisti]] (1943 – 1998) – singer/songwriter
* [[Fred Bongusto]] (1935 – 2019) – singer/songwriter
* [[Alessandra Belloni]] (born 1954) – singer, drummer, dancer, teacher
* [[Primo Brown]] (1976–2016) – rapper
* [[Edoardo Bennato]] (born 1946) – singer/songwriter
* [[Eugenio Bennato]] (born 1948) – singer/songwriter
* [[Loredana Bertè]] (born 1950) – performer
* [[Orietta Berti]] (born 1943) – singer
* [[Carla Bissi]] (Alice) (1954) – singer/songwriter
* [[Angelo Branduardi]] (born 1950) – singer/songwriter
* [[Michele Bravi]] (born 1994) – singer/songwriter
* [[Fred Buscaglione]] (1921–1960) – singer/songwriter
* [[Clementino]] (born 1982) – rapper
* [[Coez]] (born 1983) – singer/rapper
* [[Andrea Caccese]] (born 1988) − singer/songwriter
* [[Renato Carosone]] (1920–2001) – singer/songwriter
* [[Caterina Caselli]] (born 1946) – singer
* [[Raffaella Carrà]] (1943–2021) – singer/songwriter
* [[Albano Carrisi]] (born 1943) – singer/songwriter
* [[Marco Carta]] (born 1985) – singer/songwriter
* [[Adriano Celentano]] (born 1938) – singer/songwriter
*[[Gigliola Cinquetti]] (born 1947) – singer/songwriter
* [[Chiara (Italian singer)|Chiara]] (born 1986) – singer/songwriter
* [[Riccardo Cocciante]] (born 1946) – singer/songwriter
* [[Lodovica Comello]] (born 1990) – singer/songwriter
* [[Paolo Conte]] (born 1937) – singer/songwriter
* [[Toto Cutugno]] (born 1946) – singer/songwriter
* [[Lorella Cuccarini]] (born 1965) – singer/songwriter
* [[Lucio Dalla]] (1943–2012) – singer/songwriter
* [[Pino Daniele]] (1955–2015) – singer/songwriter
*[[Gigi D'Alessio]] (born 1967) – singer/songwriter
* [[Dargen D'Amico]] (born 1980) – rapper/singer
* [[Cristina D'Avena]] (born 1964) – singer
* [[Fabrizio De André]] (1940–1999) – singer/songwriter
* [[Francesco De Gregori]] (born 1951) – singer/songwriter
* [[Roberto Demo]] (born 1965) – singer/songwriter
* [[Manuel De Peppe]] (born 1970) – singer/songwriter
* [[Teresa De Sio]] (born 1955) – singer/songwriter
* [[Nicola Di Bari]] (born 1940) – singer/songwriter
*[[Peppino di Capri]] (born 1939) – singer/songwriter
*[[:it:Aldo Donà|Aldo Donà]] (1920-2011) – singer
*[[Pino Donaggio]] (born 1941) – singer
*[[Aldo Donati (singer)|Aldo Donati]] (1947-2014)- singer/songwriter
*[[Johnny Dorelli]] (born 1937) – singer
* [[Egreen]] (born 1984) – rapper
* [[Elisa (Italian singer)|Elisa]] (born 1977) – singer/songwriter
* [[El Presidente (musician)|El Presidente]] (born 1972) – rapper
*[[Bruno Filippini]] (born 1945) – singer
* [[Rosario Fiorello]] (born 1960) – singer/songwriter
*[[Enzo Jannacci]] (1935 – 2013) – singer/songwriter
* [[Emis Killa]] (born 1989) – rapper
* [[En?gma]] (born 1988) – rapper
* [[Ensi (rapper)|Ensi]] (born 1985) – rapper
* [[Fabri Fibra]] (born 1976) – rapper
* [[Fedez]] (born 1989) – rapper
* [[Fred De Palma]] (born 1989) – rapper
* [[Sergio Endrigo]] (1933-2005) – singer/songwriter
* [[Gabriella Ferri]] (1942 – 2004) – singer/songwriter
* [[Giusy Ferreri]] (born 1979) – singer/songwriter
* [[Tiziano Ferro]] (born 1980) – singer/songwriter
* [[Eugenio Finardi]] (born 1952) – singer/songwriter
* [[Riccardo Fogli]] (born 1947) – singer/songwriter
*[[Jimmy Fontana]] (1934 – 2013) – singer/songwriter
* [[Ivano Fossati]] (born 1951) – singer/songwriter
* [[Gemitaiz]] (born 1988) – rapper
* [[Gué Pequeno]] (born 1980) – rapper
* [[Giorgio Gaber]] (1939–2003) – singer/songwriter
* [[Francesco Gabbani]] (born 1982) – singer/songwriter
* [[Rino Gaetano]] (1950–1981) – singer/songwriter
* [[Giorgia]] (born 1971) – singer/songwriter
*[[Wilma Goich]](born 1945) – singer
* [[Irene Grandi]] (born 1969) – singer/songwriter
* [[Francesco Guccini]] (born 1940) – singer/songwriter
* [[J-Ax]] (born 1972) – rapper
* [[Jovanotti]] (born 1966) – singer/songwriter and rapper
* [[Rudy La Scala]] (born 1954) – singer/songwriter and record producer
* [[Bruno Lauzi]] (1937–2006) – singer/songwriter
* [[Fausto Leali]] (born 1944) – singer/songwriter
* [[Luciano Ligabue]] (born 1960) – singer/songwriter
* [[MadMan]] (born 1988) – rapper
* [[Mahmood]] (born 1992) – singer/songwriter
* [[Marracash]] (born 1979) – rapper
* [[Cristiano Malgioglio]] (born 1945) – singer/songwriter
* [[Pablo Manavello]] (1950-2016) – singer/songwriter
* [[Fiorella Mannoia]] (born 1954) – performer
* [[Emma Marrone]] (born 1984) – singer/songwriter
* [[Mia Martini]] (1947–1995) – singer/performer
* [[Marco Masini]] (born 1964) – singer-songwriter, pianist
* [[Paolo Meneguzzi]] (born 1976) – singer/songwriter
* [[Marco Mengoni]] (born 1988) – singer/songwriter
* [[Francesca Michielin]] (born 1995) – singer/songwriter
* [[Milva]] (1939–2021) – performer
* [[Mina (Italian singer)|Mina]] (born 1940) – performer
* [[Moreno (singer)|Moreno]] (born 1989) – rapper/singer
* [[Domenico Modugno]] (1928–1994) – singer/songwriter
* [[Yves Montand]] (1921– 1991) – singer/songwriter
* [[Gianni Morandi]] (born 1944) – performer
* [[Fabrizio Moro]] (born 1975) – singer/songwriter
* [[Franco Mussida]] ([[Premiata Forneria Marconi]]) (1947) – singer/songwriter
* [[Gianna Nannini]] (born 1954) – singer/songwriter
* [[Neffa]] (born 1967) – rapper/singer/songwriter
* [[Nesli]] (born 1980) – rapper
* [[Noemi (singer)|Noemi]] (born 1982) – singer/songwriter
* [[Nitro (rapper)|Nitro]] (born 1993) – rapper
* [[Gino Paoli]] (born 1934) – singer/songwriter
* [[Laura Pausini]] (born 1974) – singer/songwriter
*[[Rita Pavone]] (born 1946) – singer
*[[Emilio Pericoli]] (1928 – 2013) – singer
*[[Nilla Pizzi]] (1919–2011) – singer
* [[Povia]] (born 1972) – singer/songwriter
* [[Patty Pravo]] (born 1948) – singer
* [[Alberto Rabagliati]] (1906–1974) – singer
* [[Rancore]] (born 1989) – rapper
* [[Rocco Hunt]] (born 1994) – rapper/singer
* [[Alberto Rabagliati]] (1906–1974) – singer
* [[Massimo Ranieri]] (born 1951) – singer
* [[Eros Ramazzotti]] (born 1963) – singer/songwriter
* [[Mino Reitano]] (1944–2009) – singer/songwriter
* [[Tony Renis]] (born 1938) – singer
* [[Donatella Rettore]] (born 1953) – singer/songwriter
* [[Stefano Righi]] (born 1969) – singer/songwriter
* [[Vasco Rossi]] (born 1952) – singer/songwriter
* [[Fabio Rovazzi]] (born 1994) – rapper/singer
* [[Enrico Ruggeri]] (born 1957) – singer/songwriter
* [[Antonella Ruggiero]] (born 1952) – performer
* [[Giuni Russo]] (1951–2004) – singer/songwriter
* [[Salmo (rapper)|Salmo]] (born 1984) – rapper
* [[Shade (rapper)|Shade]] (born 1987) – rapper
* [[Valerio Scanu]] (born 1990) – singer/songwriter
* [[Bobby Solo]] (born 1945) – singer/songwriter
* [[Demetrio Stratos]] ([[Area]]) (1945–1973) – singer/songwriter
* [[Aldo Tagliapietra]] ([[Le Orme]]) (1945) – singer/songwriter
* [[Luigi Tenco]] (1938–1967) – singer/songwriter
* [[Little Tony (singer)|Little Tony]] (1941–2013) – singer/songwriter
* [[Vacca (rapper)|Vacca]] (born 1979) – rapper
* [[Ornella Vanoni]] (born 1934) – performer
* [[Roberto Vecchioni]] (born 1943) – singer/songwriter
* [[Antonello Venditti]] (born 1949) – singer/songwriter
* [[Edoardo Vianello]] (born 1938) – singer/songwriter
*[[Claudio Villa]] (1926–1987) – singer
*[[Yordano]] (born 1951) – singer/songwriter
* [[Iva Zanicchi]](born 1940) – singer
* [[Renato Zero]] (born 1950) – singer/songwriter
* [[Zucchero]] (born 1955) – singer/songwriter
==== Castrati singers ====
{{See also|Castrato}}
* [[Antonio Bernacchi]] (1685–1756), contralto castrato, sang in operas throughout Italy and also abroad, notably at Munich and for [[Handel]] in London
* [[Caffarelli (castrato)|Caffarelli]] (1710–1783), contralto castrato. A pupil of [[Nicola Porpora]]; he sang for Handel in London, England, in 1738, creating the title roles in ''[[Faramondo]]'' and ''[[Serse]]''
* [[Giovanni Carestini]] (c. 1704 – c. 1760), contralto castrato, one of the foremost of his time. Début Rome 1721
* [[Girolamo Crescentini]] (1762–1846), mezzo-soprano castrato. His repertory being chiefly operas by [[Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli|Zingarelli]], [[Domenico Cimarosa|Cimarosa]] and [[Giuseppe Gazzaniga|Gazzaniga]]
* [[Farinelli]] (1705–1782), both soprano and contralto
* [[Giacinto Fontana]], called "Farfallino" (1692–1739), soprano castrato. He was active primarily in Rome, specialized in performing female roles (women were not permitted to appear onstage in the [[Papal States]])
* [[Nicolò Grimaldi]] (1673–1732), mezzo-soprano castrato known for his association with the composer George Frideric Handel, in two of whose early operas he sang
* [[Giovanni Francesco Grossi]] (1653–1697), soprano castrato. He sang Siface in [[Francesco Cavalli|Cavalli]]'s ''[[Scipione affricano]]'' (1671) and was thereafter always known by that name
* [[Gaetano Guadagni]] (1728–1792), contralto castrato, known for singing the role of Orpheus at the premiere of [[Christoph Willibald Gluck|Gluck]]'s opera ''[[Orfeo ed Euridice]]'' in 1762
* [[Giuseppe Millico]], called "Il Moscovita" (1737–1802), soprano castrato, known for his association with the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck, he performed in all the latter's reform operas.
* [[Alessandro Moreschi]] (1858–1922), soprano castrato, known as the angel of Rome "because of vocal purity<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-MoreschiAlessandro.html "Moreschi, Alessandro] ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music''. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Gaspare Pacchierotti]] (1740–1821), soprano castrato, one of the most famous singers of his time
* [[Senesino]] (1686–1758), contralto castrato, renowned for his power and his skill in both [[coloratura]] and expressive singing
* [[Giovanni Velluti (castrato)|Giovanni Velluti]] (1780–1861), soprano. The last of the leading castrate singers
==== Sopranos ====
{{See also|Category:Italian sopranos}}
* [[Gemma Bellincioni]] (1864–1950), opera singer, soprano
* [[Maria Caniglia]] (1905–1979), soprano; one of the leading Italian dramatic sopranos of the 1930s and 1940s
* [[Mariella Devia]] (born 1948), after beginning her forty-five-year-long career as a lyric coloratura soprano, in recent years she has enjoyed success with some of the most dramatic roles in the bel canto repertoire.
* [[Mirella Freni]] (1935–2020), soprano; one of the dominant figures on the opera scene; she has since performed at many venues, including [[Milan]], [[Vienna]] and [[Salzburg]]
* [[Amelita Galli-Curci]] (1882–1963), coloratura soprano
* [[Giulia Grisi]] (1811–1869), operatic soprano whose brilliant dramatic voice established her as an operatic prima donna for more than 30 years<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/246417/Giulia-Grisi "Giulia Grisi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Claudia Muzio]] (1889–1936), operatic soprano, whose international career was among the most successful of the early 20th century. She brought drama and pathos to all her roles
* [[Giuditta Pasta]] (1797–1865), soprano. She was famed for her roles in the operas of [[Rossini]], [[Vincenzo Bellini|Bellini]] and [[Donizetti]]; acclaimed for her vocal range and expressiveness
* [[Adelina Patti]] (1843–1919), soprano; one of the great coloratura singers of the 19th century
* [[Amelia Pinto]] (1876–1946), remembered for Wagner and Puccini performances
* [[Renata Scotto]] (born 1934), soprano and opera director; considered one of the preeminent singers of her generation, specializing in the [[bel canto]] repertoire
* [[Renata Tebaldi]] (1922–2004), lyric soprano; one of the most acclaimed members of the Metropolitan Opera company from 1955 to 1973, and retired from singing in 1976
* [[Luisa Tetrazzini]] (1871–1940), coloratura soprano; one of the finest of her time
==== Mezzo-sopranos ====
{{See also|Category:Italian mezzo-sopranos}}
* [[Cecilia Bartoli]] (born 1966), operatic mezzo-soprano who achieved global stardom with her outstanding vocal skills
* [[Faustina Bordoni]] (1697–1781), mezzo-soprano; known for her beauty and acting as well as her vocal range and breath control
* [[Fiorenza Cossotto]] (born 1935), mezzo-soprano; she is considered by many to be one of the great mezzo-sopranos of the 20th century
* [[Armida Parsi-Pettinella]] (1868–1949), successful at the Scala, especially as Dalila
* [[Giulietta Simionato]] (1910–2010), mezzo-soprano who excelled at [[bel canto]] and lighter operas by [[Rossini]] and [[Mozart]]
* [[Ebe Stignani]] (1903/1904–1974), mezzo-soprano; member of the [[La Scala|Scala]] ensemble and was regarded as its leading exponent of dramatic contralto and mezzo roles
* [[Lucia Valentini Terrani]] (1946–1998), mezzo-soprano, she was particularly associated with Rossini roles
==== Contraltos ====
{{See also|Category:Italian contraltos}}
* [[Marietta Alboni]] (1823–1894), operatic contralto known for her classic Italian bel canto
* [[Clorinda Corradi]] (1804–1877), opera singer; one of the most famous [[contralto]]s in history
* [[Giuseppina Grassini]] (1773–1850), noted Italian contralto and a singing teacher
==== Tenors ====
{{See also|Category:Italian tenors}}
* [[Carlo Bergonzi (tenor)|Carlo Bergonzi]] (1924–2014), operatic tenor; from 1956 to 1983, his beautiful voice was a fixture in the 19th-century Italian and French repertoire at the [[Metropolitan Opera]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1515857/Carlo-Bergonzi "Carlo Bergonzi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Andrea Bocelli]] (born 1958), opera tenor noted for his unique blend of opera and [[pop music]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/70896/Andrea-Bocelli "Andrea Bocelli"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Enrico Caruso]] (1873–1921), operatic tenor
* [[Franco Corelli]] (1921–2003), tenor; powerful voice and passionate singing style; had a major international opera career between 1951 and 1976
* [[Fernando De Lucia]] (1860/1861–1925), opera tenor and singing teacher who enjoyed an international career
* [[Mario Del Monaco]] (1915–1982), operatic tenor
* [[Giuseppe Di Stefano]] (1921–2008), lyric tenor who was hailed as one of the finest operatic tenors of his generation<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1437152/Giuseppe-Di-Stefano "Giuseppe Di Stefano." ''Britannica Book of the Year, 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.''] Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Filianoti]] (born 1974), operatic tenor noted for his beautiful voice and impressive stage presence.
* [[Beniamino Gigli]] (1890–1957), operatic tenor. The most famous tenor of his generation; was a leading in French and Italian operas from 1920 to 1932
* [[Giacomo Lauri-Volpi]] (1892–1979), lyric-dramatic tenor; he performed throughout Europe and the Americas in a top-class career that spanned 40 years
* [[Giovanni Martinelli]] (1885–1969), operatic tenor; his repertoire of about 50 roles included the leading tenor roles in nearly all the principal Italian operas<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Giovanni_Martinelli.aspx "Martinelli, Giovanni"] ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music''. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Luciano Pavarotti]] (1935–2007), lyric tenor
* [[Aureliano Pertile]] (1885–1952), lyric-dramatic tenor; one of the most important of the entire 20th century
* [[Gianni Raimondi]] (1923–2008), lyric tenor, particularly associated with the Italian repertory
* [[Giovanni Battista Rubini]] (1794–1854), tenor; known for playing heroic roles
* [[Tito Schipa]] (1888–1965), operatic tenor; considered one of the finest [[tenore di grazia]] in operatic history
* [[Francesco Tamagno]] (1850–1905), tenor; became famous for his performances in the title roles of Verdi's ''[[Otello]]'' and ''[[Don Carlos]]''
==== Baritones ====
{{See also|Category:Italian baritones}}
* [[Pasquale Amato]] (1878–1942), operatic baritone; from 1908 to 1921 he sang leading baritone roles at the [[Metropolitan Opera]]
* [[Ettore Bastianini]] (1922–1967), operatic baritone; was particularly associated with the operas of [[Verdi]]
* [[Mattia Battistini]] (1856–1928), operatic baritone; a great master of [[bel canto]]
* [[Renato Bruson]] (born 1934), operatic baritone; one of the most important [[Baritone#Verdi baritone|Verdi baritones]] of the late 20th and early 21st century
* [[Piero Cappuccilli]] (1926–2005), operatic baritone; enjoyed a 35-year career during which he was widely regarded as the leading Italian baritone of his generation<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1091366/Piero-Cappuccilli "Piero Cappuccilli." ''Britannica Book of the Year, 2006. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.''] Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Antonio Cotogni]] (1831–1918), operatic baritone
* [[Giuseppe De Luca]] (1876–1950), operatic baritone
* [[Tito Gobbi]] (1913–1984), operatic baritone; he sang in most of the great opera houses and was acclaimed for his acting ability
* [[Rolando Panerai]] (1924–2019), baritone; début Florence (1946) with ''[[Lucia di Lammermoor]]''
* [[Giorgio Ronconi]] (1810–1890), operatic baritone; one of the most popular artists on the lyric stage until his retirement in 1866
* [[Titta Ruffo]] (1877–1953), operatic baritone
* [[Giuseppe Taddei]] (1916–2010), baritone; he has performed more than 100 operatic roles over six decades
==== Basses ====
* [[Salvatore Baccaloni]] (1900–1969), operatic bass; known for his large repertory, he sang nearly 170 roles in five languages
* [[Sesto Bruscantini]] (1919–2003), operatic bass-baritone, [[buffo]] singer
* [[Enzo Dara]] (1938–2017), bass buffo; one of the foremost performers of his generation
* [[Nazzareno De Angelis]] (1881–1962), operatic bass, particularly associated with [[Verdi]], [[Rossini]] and [[Wagner]] roles
* [[Ferruccio Furlanetto]] (born 1949), bass; known as a brilliant interpreter in the Italian repertoire and as a Mozart-singer
* [[Luigi Lablache]] (1794–1858), operatic bass admired for his musicianship and acting
* [[Tancredi Pasero]] (1893–1983), bass; particularly associated with the Italian repertory
* [[Ezio Pinza]] (1892–1957), operatic performer who was the leading basso at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City (1926–1948)
* [[Cesare Siepi]] (1923–2010), bass singer who won over audiences worldwide in signature roles such as Don Giovanni and Figaro in ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]''
== Painters ==
{{see also|List of Italian painters}}
=== Ancient Rome ===
{{See also|Category:Ancient Roman painters}}
* [[Amulius (painter)|Amulius]] (1st century AD), Roman painter. One of the principal painters of the ''[[Domus Aurea]]''
* [[Furius Dionysius Philocalus (chronograph)|Furius Dionysius Philocalus]] (4th century AD), Roman chronograph and painter
* [[Pacuvius]] (220–130 BC), Roman writer and painter
* [[Studius (painter)|Studius]] (1st century BC and 1st century AD), Roman painter of the Augustan period
=== Middle Ages ===
{{See also|Category:Italian painters}}
* [[Altichiero]] (c. 1330 – c. 1390), painter who was the effective founder of the Veronese school and perhaps the most significant northern Italian artist of the 14th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/17712/Altichiero "Altichiero"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 27 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Bonaventura Berlinghieri]] (''fl.'' 1235–1244), painter of the [[Gothic art|Gothic period]]. His most celebrated work is ''St. Francis of Assisi'' (1235); one of the earliest icons of the [[Francis of Assisi|Saint]]
* [[Pietro Cavallini]] (c. 1250 – c. 1330), painter and mosaicist. His surviving works are frescoes in [[Santa Cecilia in Trastevere]] and in [[Santa Maria Donna Regina Vecchia]]
* [[Cimabue]] (before 1251–1302), painter and mosaicist. Among his works may be cited the ''Sta. Trinità Madonna'' (c. 1290) and the ''Madonna Enthroned with St. Francis'' (c. 1290 – 95)
* [[Coppo di Marcovaldo]] (''fl.'' 1260–1276), painter, one of the earliest about whom there is a body of documented knowledge. His one signed work is the ''[[Madonna del Bordone]]'' (1261)
* [[Bernardo Daddi]] (c. 1280 – 1348), painter, the outstanding painter in Florence in the period after the death of Giotto (who was possibly his teacher)<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Bernardo_Daddi.aspx#2 "Daddi, Bernardo"] ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Web. 26 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Duccio]] (''fl.'' 1278–1319), painter. Founder of the [[Sienese school]]. His most celebrated work is a large altar called the ''[[Maestà (Duccio)|Maestà]]'' (1308–1311) in the [[Siena Cathedral|Siena cathedral]]
* [[Taddeo Gaddi]] (c. 1300 – 1366), painter and architect, known for the fresco series ''Life of the Virgin'' (completed in 1338)
* [[Giottino]] (''fl.'' 1324–1369), painter of the school of Giotto. He has been credited with frescoes in [[Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence]], and in the Lower [[Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi|Church of St. Francis]] in [[Assisi]]
* [[Giotto di Bondone]] (1266/7–1337), painter, the first of the great Italian masters.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/234069/Giotto-di-Bondone "Giotto di Bondone"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref> His work includes cycles of frescoes in [[Assisi]], the [[Arena Chapel]] in [[Padua]] and the [[Church of Santa Croce]]
* [[Guido of Siena]] (13th century), painter. One of the innovators in Italian art after the dominance of the [[Byzantine art|Byzantine style]]
* [[Ambrogio Lorenzetti]] (c. 1290 – 1348), painter of the Sienese school. Known for the cycle of frescoes (1337–39) in the [[Palazzo Pubblico]], [[Siena]]
* [[Pietro Lorenzetti]] (c. 1280 – 1348), painter of the Sienese school. His ''[[Nativity of the Virgin (Pietro Lorenzetti)|Nativity of the Virgin]]'' (c. 1335 – 1342), is notable for his handling of perspective
* [[Simone Martini]] (c. 1284 – 1344), painter, important exponent of Gothic art. Among his works may be cited the ''Maestà'' fresco (1315) and ''Annunciation and two Saints'' (1333)
* [[Lippo Memmi]] (c. 1291 – 1356), painter from [[Siena]]. One of the artists who worked at the [[Orvieto Cathedral]], for which he finished the ''Madonna dei Raccomandati'' (c. 1320)
* [[Orcagna]] (c. 1308 – 1368), painter, sculptor and architect. He was one of the leading artists of his day<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Orcagna.aspx#4 "Orcagna"] ''The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition''. Web. 24 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Paolo Veneziano]] (''fl.'' 1333–1358), painter and possibly illuminator. He was by far the most prolific and influential Venetian painter of the early 14th century<ref>"Paolo Veneziano." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 8 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Giunta Pisano]] (''fl.'' 1236–1255),<ref>[https://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/giunta_pisano.jsp "Giunta Pisano"]{{dead link|date=July 2021}} 3 March 2011.</ref> painter. Three large [[Crucifixion]]s are ascribed to the same master, whose signature can be traced on them
* [[Piero da Rimini]], early 14th century, painter.
* [[Jacopo Torriti]] (''fl.'' 1270–1300), painter and mosaicist. His work is now known only from two highly prominent signed apse [[mosaic]]s in the basilicas of [[St. John Lateran]] and [[Santa Maria Maggiore]]
=== Renaissance and Mannerism ===
* [[Mariotto Albertinelli]] (1474–1515), painter, known for ''The Visitation'' (1503) and ''The Annunciation'' (1510)
* [[Alessandro Allori]] (1535–1607), painter. His varied output included altarpieces, portraits, and tapestry designs. The ''Pearl Fishing'' (1570–1572) is generally considered his masterpiece
* [[Andrea del Castagno]] (c. 1421 – 1457), painter in the early Florentine Renaissance. Known for a series of monumental frescoes depicting the [[Last Supper]]
* [[Andrea del Sarto]] (1486–1530), painter. His most striking among other well-known works is the series of frescoes on the life of St. John the Baptist in the Chiostro dello Scalzo (c. 1515 – 1526)
* [[Andrea del Verrocchio]] (c. 1435 – 1488), sculptor and painter. Among his principal paintings are ''[[The Baptism of Christ (Verrocchio)|Baptism of Christ]]'' (1472–1475) and several versions of the Madonna and Child
* [[Sofonisba Anguissola]] (c. 1535 – 1625), painter, mainly of portraits, the first woman artist to win international renown<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Sofonisba_Anguissola.aspx#2 "Anguissola, Sofonisba"] ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Web. 26 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Antonello da Messina]] (c. 1430 – 1479), [[Sicily|Sicilian]] painter. Major works were [[altarpiece]]s and [[portrait]]s
* [[Antonio da Correggio]] (1489–1534), painter, known for the frescoes in the domes of [[San Giovanni Evangelista, Parma|San Giovanni Evangelista]] and the [[Cathedral of Parma]], where he worked from 1520 to 1530
* [[Giuseppe Arcimboldo]] (1527–1593), painter, famous for his allegorical or symbolical compositions in which he arranged objects such as fruits and vegetables into the form of the human face
* [[Alesso Baldovinetti]] (1425–1499), painter. He contributed importantly to the fledgling art of landscape painting<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/49990/Alessio-Baldovinetti "Alessio Baldovinetti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Jacopo de' Barbari]] (c. 1440–before 1516), painter and printmaker. His few surviving paintings (about twelve) include the first known example of ''[[trompe-l'œil]]'' since antiquity
* [[Federico Barocci]] (c. 1526 – 1612), leading painter of the central Italian school in the last decades of the 16th century and an important precursor of the [[Baroque painting|Baroque style]]
* [[Jacopo Bassano]] (c. 1510 – 1592), painter of the [[Venetian school (art)|Venetian school]], known for his religious paintings, lush landscapes, and scenes of everyday life
* [[Domenico di Pace Beccafumi]] (1486–1551), painter, sculptor, draughtsman, printmaker and illuminator. He was one of the protagonists of Tuscan Mannerism<ref>"Domenico (di Giacomo di Pace) Beccafumi." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 3 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Gentile Bellini]] (c. 1429 – 1507), painter, member of the founding family of the [[Venetian school (art)|Venetian school]] of Renaissance painting, known for his portraiture and his scenes of Venice
* [[Giovanni Bellini]] (c. 1430 – 1516), painter. Among his works may be cited ''[[St. Francis in Ecstasy (Bellini)|St. Francis in Ecstasy]]'' (c. 1480) and ''[[Portrait of Doge Leonardo Loredan]]'' (1501)
* [[Jacopo Bellini]] (c. 1400 – c. 1470), painter who introduced the principles of Florentine early [[Renaissance art]] into Venice<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59879/Jacopo-Bellini "Jacopo Bellini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 8 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Ambrogio Bergognone]] (c. 1470 – 1523/1524), painter. His most important works are the frescoes in the [[Certosa di Pavia]]
* [[Boccaccio Boccaccino]] (c. 1467 – c. 1525), painter. His most impressive work is the fresco cycle of the ''Life of the Virgin'' along the nave in the cathedral at Cremona
* [[Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio]] (1466/1467–1516), painter. He was a pupil of Leonardo da Vinci, whose style he adhered to faithfully
* [[Paris Bordone]] (1500–1571), painter of religious, mythological, and anecdotal subjects, known for his striking sexualized paintings of women
* [[Sandro Botticelli]] (c. 1445 – 1510), painter of the Florentine school. The ''[[Primavera (painting)|Primavera]]'' (c. 1482) and ''[[The Birth of Venus (Botticelli)|The Birth of Venus]]'' (c. 1486) rank now among the most familiar masterpieces of Florentine art
* [[Francesco Botticini]] (1446–1498), painter profoundly influenced by Castagno; worked under and was formed by Cosimo Rosselli and Verrocchio
* [[Bramantino]] (c. 1456 – c. 1530), painter and architect, a follower of Bramante, from whom he takes his nickname
* [[Bronzino]] (1503–1572), painter. He is noted chiefly for his stylized portraits. Of his religious works, ''[[Deposition of Christ (Bronzino)|Deposition of Christ]]'' (1540–1545) is the most famous
* [[Luca Cambiasi]] (1527–1585), painter and draughtsman. He was the outstanding Genoese painter of the 16th century
* [[Vittore Carpaccio]] (c. 1460 – 1525/1526), painter active in Venice, known for the cycle depicting the life of [[Saint Ursula]] and the [[Saint George]] series
* [[Cennino Cennini]] (c. 1370 – c. 1440), painter, known for writing ''Il libro dell'arte'' (1437), source on the methods, techniques, and attitudes of medieval artists<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/101909/Cennino-Cennini "Cennino Cennini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 7 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Cigoli]] (1559–1613), painter, draughtsman, architect and scenographer. He was one of the most influential artists in 17th-century Florence<ref>"Lodovico Cigoli." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 3 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Cima da Conegliano]] (c. 1459 – c. 1517), painter of the Venetian school whose style was marked by its use of landscape and by airy, luminous colour
* [[Niccolò Antonio Colantonio]] (''fl.'' 1440–1470), painter, based in [[Naples]], where he painted religious paintings in a style marked by Flemish influence
* [[Francesco del Cossa]] (c. 1430 – c. 1477), painter of the Ferrarese school, best known works are the frescoes in the [[Palazzo Schifanoia]] at [[Ferrara]] (probably commissioned in 1469)
* [[Lorenzo Costa]] (1460–1535), painter of the Ferrarese and Bolognese schools, known for his painting the ''Madonna and Child with the Bentivoglio family'' (1483)
* [[Carlo Crivelli]] (c. 1435 – c. 1495), painter. All his works were of religious subjects, done in an elaborate, old-fashioned style reminiscent of the linearism of Andrea Mantegna
* [[Daniele da Volterra]] (c. 1509 – 1566), painter and sculptor, noted for his finely drawn, highly idealized figures done in the style of Michelangelo
* [[Ercole de' Roberti]] (c. 1451 – 1496), painter. His dynamic figurative compositions are marked by an exceptional intensity of feeling
* [[Francesco de' Rossi (Il Salviati)|Francesco de' Rossi]] (1510–1563), painter and designer, one of the leading Mannerist fresco painters of the Florentine-Roman school<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/520105/Francesco-Salviati "Francesco Salviati"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 7 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Niccolò dell'Abbate]] (1509 or 1512–1571), painter and decorator. He is credited with introducing [[landscape painting]] in France
* [[Dosso Dossi]] (c. 1490 – 1542), painter and leader of the [[School of Ferrara (painting)|Ferrarese school]] in the 16th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/169757/Dosso-Dossi "Dosso Dossi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 26 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Gaudenzio Ferrari]] (c. 1471 – 1546), painter and sculptor, one of the leading representatives of the Lombard school
* [[Rosso Fiorentino]] (1494–1540), painter. His masterpiece is generally considered to be the ''Deposition'' or ''[[Descent from the Cross]]'' [[altarpiece]] in the Pinacoteca Comunale di [[Volterra]]
* [[Lavinia Fontana]] (1552–1614), painter. She was one of the first women painters in European history to have enjoyed professional success<ref>Robin, Diana Maury; Larsen, Anne R.; Levin, Carole. [https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ8mdTjxungC&pg= ''Encyclopedia of women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England.''] ABC-CLIO, 2007. p. 147. Web. 6 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Prospero Fontana]] (1512–1597), painter, father of Lavinia Fontana. One of the leading painters in Bologna
* [[Vincenzo Foppa]] (c. 1430 – c. 1515), painter, leading figure in 15th-century Lombard art<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/212923/Vincenzo-Foppa "Vincenzo Foppa"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 6 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Fra Angelico]] (c. 1395 – 1455), painter. His best-known works are frescoes at the monastery of [[San Marco, Florence]], and in the chapel of [[Pope Nicholas V]] in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]]
* [[Fra Bartolomeo]] (1472–1517), painter, a leading figure of the High Renaissance. Noted for his austere religious works
* [[Franciabigio]] (1482–1525), painter, known for his portraits and religious paintings
* [[Agnolo Gaddi]] (c. 1350 – 1396), painter. He was an influential and prolific artist who was the last major Florentine painter stylistically descended from Giotto<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/223286/Agnolo-Gaddi "Agnolo Gaddi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 7 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Fede Galizia]] (1578–1630), painter, one of the earliest [[still life]] painters in Italy, who was also known for miniature portraits, landscapes, and religious subjects
* [[Gentile da Fabriano]] (c. 1370 – 1427), painter, one of the outstanding exponents of the elegant [[international Gothic]] style<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Gentile_da_Fabriano.aspx#4 "Gentile da Fabriano"] ''The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition''. Web. 22 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Domenico Ghirlandaio]] (1449–1494), painter. His most famous achievement is his fresco cycle of the life of [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Mary]] and St. [[John the Baptist]] for the choir of [[Santa Maria Novella]] (1485–1490)
* [[Ridolfo Ghirlandaio]] (1483–1561), painter. He was the son of Domenico Ghirlandaio, and was trained in his father's workshop
* [[Giorgione]] (c. 1477/8–1510), painter of the Venetian school. His ''[[The Tempest (Giorgione)|The Tempest]]'' (c. 1508), a milestone in Renaissance landscape painting
* [[Giovanni da Udine]] (1487–1564), painter and architect. A pupil of Raphael and one of his assistants in painting the frescoes of the Vatican
* [[Giovanni di Paolo]] (c. 1403 – 1482), painter. One of the most attractive and idiosyncratic painters of the Sienese School
* [[Stefano di Giovanni]] (c. 1400 – 1450), painter of the Sienese school, is noted for the gentle piety of his art
* [[Benozzo Gozzoli]] (c. 1421 – 1497), painter. He is famous for his numerous frescos, such as ''The Journey of the Magi to Bethlehem'' (1459–1461) in the Medici Palace, Florence
* [[Leonardo da Vinci]] (1452–1519), painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer and scientist. The supreme example of [[Renaissance]] [[genius]]. Author of ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' (c. 1503 – 1506)
* [[Filippino Lippi]] (c. 1457 – 1504), painter. His most popular painting is the ''[[Apparition of the Virgin to St Bernard (Filippino Lippi)|Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard]]'' altarpiece (1480)
* [[Filippo Lippi]] (c. 1406 – 1469), painter. His finest fresco cycle is in [[Prato cathedral]] and depicts the lives of [[St. Stephen]] and St. [[John the Baptist]]
* [[Gian Paolo Lomazzo]] (1538–1592), painter. His first work, ''Trattato dell'arte della pittura, scoltura et architettura'' (1584) is in part a guide to contemporary concepts of [[decorum]]
* [[Lorenzo di Credi]] (1459–1537), painter and sculptor. Examples of his art are the ''[[:File:Lorenzo di Credi 001.jpg|Madonna with Child and Two Saints]]'' and ''[[:File:Lorenco di Credi-Adoration.jpg|Adoration]]''
* [[Lorenzo Monaco]] (c. 1370 – c. 1425), painter, one of the leading artists in Florence at the beginning of the 15th century<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Lorenzo_Monaco.aspx#2 "Lorenzo Monaco"] ''The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition''. Web. 24 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Lorenzo Lotto]] (c. 1480 – 1556), painter known for his perceptive portraits and mystical paintings of religious subjects
* [[Bernardino Luini]] (c. 1480/1482–1532), painter, known for his mythological and religious frescoes
* [[Andrea Mantegna]] (c. 1431 – 1506), painter. His most important works were nine tempera pictures of ''[[Triumph of Caesar]]'' (c. 1486) and his decoration of the ceiling of the [[Camera degli Sposi]]
* [[Masaccio]] (1401–1428), painter. His most famous works are the frescoes in the [[Brancacci Chapel]] and in the church of [[Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence|Santa Maria del Carmine]], in [[Florence]]
* [[Masolino da Panicale]] (c. 1383 – c. 1447), painter of the Florentine school. He collaborated with Masaccio, in a cycle of frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel in Santa Maria del Carmine, in Florence
* [[Melozzo da Forlì]] (c. 1438 – 1494), painter of the Umbrian school. One of the great fresco artists of the 15th century
* [[Michelangelo]] (1475–1564), sculptor, painter, architect and poet who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of [[Western art]].<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/379957/Michelangelo "Michelangelo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref> Author of ''[[The Creation of Adam]]'' (c. 1511)
* [[Moretto da Brescia]] (c. 1498 – 1554), painter. Together with [[Romanino]] and [[Girolamo Savoldo]], he was one of the most distinguished painters of Brescia of the 16th century<ref>"Moretto (da Brescia)." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 6 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Battista Moroni]] (c. 1520/1524–1578), painter. He was known for his sober and dignified portraits
* [[Palma Giovane]] (1548/1550–1628), painter. The leading Venetian painter and draftsman of the late 16th and early 17th centuries
* [[Palma Vecchio]] (c. 1480 – 1528), painter of the High Renaissance, noted for the craftsmanship of his religious and mythological works
* [[Parmigianino]] (1503–1540), painter, one of the first artists to develop the elegant and sophisticated version of [[Mannerist style]]
* [[Perino del Vaga]] (1501–1547), painter. A pupil and assistant of Raphael Sanzio in Rome, he carried out decorations in the Logge of the Vatican from Raphael's designs
* [[Francesco Pesellino]] (1422–1457), painter of the Florentine school who excelled in the execution of small-scale paintings
* [[Piero della Francesca]] (c. 1415 – 1492), painter and mathematician. His most famous cycle, ''[[The History of the True Cross]]'' (1452–1466), depicts scenes from the [[Golden Legend]]
* [[Piero di Cosimo]] (1462–1521), painter noted for his eccentric character and his fanciful mythological paintings<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/459865/Piero-di-Cosimo "Piero di Cosimo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 27 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Pietro Perugino]] (1446–1524), painter. One of his most famous masterpieces is ''[[:File:Perugino Keys.jpg|The Delivery of the Keys]]'' (1481–1482), in the [[Sistine Chapel]]
* [[Pinturicchio]] (1454–1513), painter, known for his highly decorative frescoes. His most elaborate project was the decoration of the [[Cathedral of Siena]]
* [[Pisanello]] (c. 1395 – 1455), medalist and painter. He is regarded as the foremost exponent of the [[International Gothic]] style in Italian painting<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Pisanello.aspx#4 "Pisanello"] ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Web. 23 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Polidoro da Caravaggio]] (c. 1499 – 1543), painter. One of the most original and innovative artists of the mid-16th century<ref>National Gallery (Great Britain). [https://books.google.com/books?ei=g1POTcWNOIbXsgaYle2ZBw&ct=result&id=cZ7rAAAAMAAJ&dq= ''The National Gallery review.''] National Gallery Publications, 2002. p. 20. Web. 14 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Antonio del Pollaiolo]] (1429/1433–1498), painter, sculptor, goldsmith, and engraver, was a master of anatomical rendering and excelled in action subjects, notably [[mythologies]]
* [[Pontormo]] (1494–1557), painter. He is thought to have painted ''[[Vertumnus and Pomona (Pontormo)|Vertumnus and Pomona]]'' (1520–1521), which shows qualities characteristic of mannerism
* [[Il Pordenone]] (c. 1484 – 1539), painter chiefly known for his frescoes of religious subjects
* [[Francesco Primaticcio]] (1504–1570), painter, architect, sculptor, and leader of the first [[school of Fontainebleau]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/476288/Francesco-Primaticcio "Francesco Primaticcio"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 14 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Francesco Raibolini]] (c. 1450 – 1517), painter, goldsmith and medallist. His major surviving paintings are altarpieces, mostly images of the Virgin and saints
* [[Raphael]] (1483–1520), painter and architect, expressed the ideals of the [[High Renaissance]], known for his [[Madonna (art)|Madonnas]]
* [[Giulio Romano]] (c. 1499 – 1546), painter and architect. Well-known oils include ''The Stoning of St. Stephen'' (Church of Santo Stefano, [[Genoa]]) and ''Adoration of the Magi'' ([[The Louvre|Louvre]])
* [[Cosimo Rosselli]] (1439–1507), painter. Of his many works in Florence the most famous is ''The Miracle-working Chalice'' in Sant' Ambrogio, a work that includes many contemporary portraits<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Cosimo_Rosselli.aspx#1 "Cosimo Rosselli"] ''The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition''. Web. 27 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Andrea Schiavone]] (c. 1510/15–1563), painter and etcher. His most characteristic works were fairly small religious or mythological pictures for private patrons
* [[Sebastiano del Piombo]] (c. 1485 – 1547), painter of the Venetian School, known for his portraits, including his portrayal of [[Pope Clement VII]] (1526)
* [[Luca Signorelli]] (c. 1445 – 1523), painter, known for his nudes and for his novel compositional devices. His masterpiece is the fresco cycle in [[Orvieto Cathedral]]
* [[Il Sodoma]] (1477–1549), painter, a master of the human figure and leading pupil of Leonardo da Vinci
* [[Francesco Squarcione]] (c. 1395 – after 1468), painter who founded the Paduan school and is known for being the teacher of Andrea Mantegna and other noteworthy painters<ref>Britannica Educational Publishing. [https://books.google.com/books?id=L1thSSsLANkC&pg= ''One hundred most influential painters and sculptors of the Renaissance.''] The Rosen Publishing Group, 2009. p. 43. Web. 14 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Taddeo di Bartolo]] (c. 1362 – 1422), painter. He was the leading painter in [[Siena]] in the first two decades of the 15th century and also worked in and for other cities<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/taddeo-di-bartolo/ "Taddèo di Bartolo (o Taddeo Bartoli)"] ''Treccani, il portale del sapere''. Web. 7 May 2011. {{in lang|it}}</ref>
* [[Antonio Tempesta]] (1555–1630), painter and engraver from Florence who specialised in pastoral scenes
* [[Pellegrino Tibaldi]] (1527–1596), painter, sculptor, and architect who spread the style of Italian Mannerist painting in Spain during the late 16th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/594849/Pellegrino-Tibaldi "Pellegrino Tibaldi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 14 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Tintoretto]] (1518–1594), painter of the Venetian school. One of the most important artists of the late Renaissance. His works include ''[[St. George and the Dragon#Treatment by artists|St. George and the Dragon]]'' (1555)
* [[Titian]] (c. 1488/1490–1576), painter of the [[Venetian school (art)|Venetian school]], noted for his religious and mythological works, such as ''[[Bacchus and Ariadne]]'' (1520–1523), and his portraits
* [[Cosimo Tura]] (c. 1430 – 1495), painter who was the founder and the first significant figure of the 15th-century school of Ferrara<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/609470/Cosme-Tura "Cosmè Tura"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 27 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Paolo Uccello]] (1397–1475), painter. His three panels depicting ''[[The Battle of San Romano]]'' (1438), combine the decorative late Gothic style with the new heroic style of the early Renaissance
* [[Bartolomeo Veneto]] (''fl.'' 1502–1546), painter who worked in Northern Italy in an area bounded by Venice and Milan
* [[Domenico Veneziano]] (c. 1410 – 1461), painter. In [[Florence]] he created his most celebrated work, the ''[[:File:Domenico Veneziano 002.jpg|St. Lucy Altarpiece]]'' (c. 1445 – 1447)
* [[Paolo Veronese]] (1528–1588), painter of the Venetian school, famous for paintings such as ''[[The Wedding at Cana]]'' (1563) and ''[[The Feast in the House of Levi]]'' (1573)
* [[Alvise Vivarini]] (1442/1453–1503/1505), painter in the late Gothic style whose father, [[Antonio Vivarini|Antonio]], was the founder of the influential Vivarini family of Venetian artists
* [[Bartolomeo Vivarini]] (c. 1432 – c. 1499), painter and member of the influential Vivarini family of Venetian artists
* [[Jacopo Zabolino]] (active 1461–1494) painter of frescoes of a mainly religious theme
* [[Federico Zuccari]] (c. 1540/1541–1609), painter and architect. He was the author of ''L'idea de' Pittori, Scultori, ed Architetti'' (1607)
* [[Taddeo Zuccari]] (1529–1566), painter. One of the most popular members of the Roman mannerist school
=== Baroque and Rococo ===
* [[Francesco Albani]] (1578–1660), painter, known for paintings of mythological and poetic subjects
* [[Giacomo Alberelli]] (1600–1650), painter, pupil of [[Jacopo Palma the Younger]]
* [[Cristofano Allori]] (1577–1621), painter. He became one of the foremost Florentine artists of the early Baroque period, also winning renown as a courtier, poet, musician and lover<ref>"Cristofano Allori." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 7 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Jacopo Amigoni]] (1682–1752), painter and etcher. His oeuvre includes decorative frescoes for churches and palaces, history and mythological paintings and a few etchings
* [[Leonardo dell'Arca]] (active c. 1600), engraver. His work is held permanently at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O760390/design-for-a-dellarca-leonardo/|title=Design for a cartouche – dell'Arca, Leonardo – V&A Search the Collections|website=collections.vam.ac.uk}}</ref>
* [[Marcello Bacciarelli]] (1731–1818), painter working at the royal court in [[Warsaw]], who captured seminal moments in Polish history on canvas
* [[Sisto Badalocchio]] (1585 – c. 1647), painter and engraver. His most important work are the frescoes in the cupola and pendentives of St. [[John the Baptist]] (Reggio Emilia)<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/sisto-badalocchio/ "Badalòcchio (o Badalòcchi), Sisto"] ''Treccani, il portale del sapere''. Web. 25 April 2011. {{in lang|it}}</ref>
* [[Pompeo Batoni]] (1708–1787), painter
* [[Bernardo Bellotto]] (1720–1780), painter of [[vedute]] ("view paintings")
* [[Guido Cagnacci]] (1601–1663), painter. Particularly noteworthy are his altarpieces of the ''Virgin and Child with Three Carmelite Saints'' (c. 1631) and ''Christ with Saints Joseph and Eligius'' (1635)
* [[Canaletto]] (1697–1768), painter and etcher, noted particularly for his highly detailed paintings of cities, esp [[Venice]], which are marked by strong contrasts of light and shade
* [[Battistello Caracciolo]] (1578–1635), painter. Caravaggesque painter and the founder of Neapolitan Caravaggism<ref>"Giovanni Battista Caracciolo." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 8 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Caravaggio]] (1571–1610), painter of the [[baroque]] whose influential works, such as ''[[The Entombment of Christ (Caravaggio)|The Entombment of Christ]]'' (1602–1603), are marked by intense realism and revolutionary use of light
* [[Annibale Carracci]] (1560–1609), painter. Well known among his numerous works are ''[[The Beaneater]]'' (1580–1590), ''[[The Choice of Hercules (Carracci)|The Choice of Hercules]]'' (1596) and ''[[Domine quo vadis? (Annibale Carracci)|Domine quo vadis?]] '' (c. 1603)
* [[Ludovico Carracci]] (1555–1619), painter, draughtsman and etcher born in [[Bologna]]
* [[Rosalba Carriera]] (1675–1757), portrait painter and miniaturist, Rococo style, known for her work in pastels<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/97038/Rosalba-Carriera "Rosalba Carriera"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 27 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Crespi]] (1665–1747), painter of the Bolognese school, known for the imposing paintings of the ''[[Seven Sacraments (paintings)|Seven Sacraments]]'' (1712)
* [[Carlo Dolci]] (1616–1686), [[Florence|Florentine]] painter, known for his paintings of the heads and half-figures of Jesus and the Mater Dolorosa
* [[Domenichino]] (1581–1641), painter of the baroque eclectic school who is noted for his religious and mythological works, including several frescoes of [[Saint Cecilia]]
* [[Domenico Fetti]] (c. 1589 – 1623), painter whose best-known works are small representations of [[Parables of Jesus|biblical parables]]
* [[Giovanni Battista Gaulli]] (1639–1709), painter. He was a celebrated artist of the Roman High Baroque. ''[[:File:Rome-EgliseGesu-Fresque.jpg|Worship of the Holy Name of Jesus]]'' (1674–1679) is his most noted work
* [[Artemisia Gentileschi]] (1593–1653), painter. Among her works may be cited ''[[:File:Susanna and the Elders (1610), Artemisia Gentileschi.jpg|Susanna and the Elders]]'' (1610) and ''[[:File:GENTILESCHI Judith.jpg|Judith Slaying Holofernes]]'' (1614–1620)
* [[Orazio Gentileschi]] (1563–1639), painter. ''[[The Annunciation (Gentileschi)|The Annunciation]]'' (1623), painted in [[Genoa]] and now in the [[Galleria Sabauda]] of [[Turin]], is considered by several authorities his masterpiece
* [[Luca Giordano]] (1634–1705), painter, the most important Italian decorative artist of the second half of the 17th century
* [[Francesco Guardi]] (1712–1793), painter, a follower of Canaletto. His many charming landscapes are in the galleries of London, Paris, [[Venice]] and [[Boston]]
* [[Guercino]] (1591–1666), painter. Extremely skillful, prolific, and quick to finish his work, he was known for his frescoes, altarpieces, oils, and drawings
* [[Giovanni Lanfranco]] (1582–1647), painter, one of the foremost artists of the High Baroque. His masterpiece is the ''[[Assumption of the Virgin (Lanfranco)|Assumption of the Virgin]]'' in the dome of [[Sant'Andrea della Valle]] (1625–1627)
* [[Pietro Longhi]] (1702–1785), painter, known for his small pictures depicting the life of upper-middle-class Venetians of his day
* [[Alessandro Magnasco]] (1667–1749), painter, known for his scenes of disembodied, flame-like figures in stormy landscapes or cavernous interiors
* [[Bartolomeo Manfredi]] (1582–1622), painter, active mainly in Rome, where he was one of the most important of Caravaggio's followers
* [[Carlo Maratta]] (1625–1713), painter and engraver of the Roman school; one of the last great masters of Baroque classicism
* [[Pietro Novelli]] (1603–1647), painter. Probably the most distinguished Sicilian painter of the 17th century<ref>Held, Julius Samuel. [https://books.google.com/books?id=p89GAQAAIAAJ&q= ''Paintings of the European and American schools'']. Museo de Arte de Ponce, 1965. p. 126. Web. 9 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Paolo Panini]] (1691–1765), the foremost painter of Roman topography in the 18th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/441423/Giovanni-Paolo-Pannini "Giovanni Paolo Pannini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 23 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Battista Piazzetta]] (1682–1754), painter, illustrator and designer. His most popular work is the celebrated ''[[Fortune Teller (Piazzetta)|Fortune Teller]]'' (1740)
* [[Andrea Pozzo]] (1642–1709), painter, a leading exponent of the baroque style. His masterpiece is the nave ceiling of the Church of [[Sant'Ignazio]] in Rome
* [[Mattia Preti]] (1613–1699), painter, called ''Il Calabrese'' for his birthplace. His most substantial undertaking was the decoration of [[St. John's Co-Cathedral|St. John's]], [[Valletta]]
* [[Guido Reni]] (1575–1642), painter noted for the classical idealism of his renderings of mythological and religious subjects
* [[Sebastiano Ricci]] (1659–1734), painter. He is remembered for his decorative paintings, which mark the transition between the late Baroque and the development of the Rococo style
* [[Salvator Rosa]] (1615–1673), painter, etcher and poet, known for his spirited battle pieces painted in the style of [[Aniello Falcone|Falcone]], for his marines, and especially for his landscapes
* [[Francesco Solimena]] (1657–1747), painter. The leading artist of the Neapolitan Baroque during the first half of the 18th century<ref>Percy, Ann; Cazort, Mimi. [https://books.google.com/books?id=oJlBmGKWAUwC&pg= ''Italian master drawings at the Philadelphia Museum of Art''.] Penn State Press, 2004. p. 160. Web. 6 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Massimo Stanzione]] (c. 1586 – c. 1656), painter. His style has a distinctive refinement and grace that has earned him the nickname "the Neapolitan [[Guido Reni]]."<ref>"Cavaliere Massimo Stanzione." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 9 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Bernardo Strozzi]] (c. 1581 – 1644), painter
* [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo]] (1696–1770), painter. His frescoes in the [[Palazzo Labia]] and the doge's palace won him international fame
* [[Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo]] (1727–1804), painter and printmaker. His most noted early works are the chinoiserie decorations of the Villa Valmarana in [[Vicenza]] (1757)
=== The 1800s ===
* [[Giuseppe Abbati]] (1836–1868), painter of the macchiaioli group
* [[Andrea Appiani]] (1754–1817), fresco painter active in [[Milan]] and a court painter of [[Napoleon]]
* [[Giovanni Boldini]] (1842–1931), painter, one of the most renowned society portraitists of his day. He worked mainly in Paris, where he settled in 1872
* [[Constantino Brumidi]] (1805–1880), Italian-American painter, whose best-known works are his frescoes in the [[United States Capitol|Capitol]] building, Washington, D.C.
* [[Vincenzo Camuccini]] (1771–1844), painter. His many drawings reveal a fluid technique and lively artistic imagination
* [[Antonio Ciseri]] (1821–1891), painter of religious subjects
* [[Giuseppe De Nittis]] (1846–1884), painter, mainly of landscapes and scenes of city life
* [[Giacomo Di Chirico]] (1844–1883), Neapolitan painter
* [[Giovanni Fattori]] (1825–1908), painter; leading figure of the [[macchiaioli]] school
* [[Teresa Fioroni-Voigt]] (1799–1880), was a miniaturist
* [[Francesco Hayez]] (1791–1882), painter, the leading artist of [[Romanticism]] in mid-19th-century [[Milan]]. His masterpiece is ''[[The Kiss (Hayez painting)|The Kiss]]'' (1859)
* [[Cesare Maccari]] (1840–1919), painter and sculptor, most famous for his fresco at [[Palazzo Madama]] portraying ''[[:File:Maccari-Cicero.jpg|Cicero revealing Catilina's plot]]'' (1888)
* [[Romualdo Prati]] (1874–1930), painter, mostly known for portraits. He also worked in Brazil.
* [[Giovanni Segantini]] (1858–1899), painter known for his Alpine landscapes and allegorical pictures, which blended Symbolist content with the technique of Neo-Impressionism
=== The 1900s ===
* [[Pietro Annigoni]] (1910–1988), painter (and occasional sculptor), the only artist of his time to become internationally famous as a society and state [[portraitist]]<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Pietro_Annigoni.aspx#2 "Annigoni, Pietro"] ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Web. 21 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Giacomo Balla]] (1871–1958), painter, sculptor, stage designer, decorative artist and actor. He was one of the originators of [[Futurism]]
* [[Alziro Bergonzo]] (1906–1997), architect and painter
* [[Vincenzo Bianchini]] (1903–2000), painter, sculptor, writer, poet, doctor and philosopher
* [[Umberto Boccioni]] (1882–1916), painter, sculptor and theorist. His painting ''[[The City Rises]]'' (1910) is a dynamic composition of swirling human figures in a fragmented crowd scene
* [[Alberto Burri]] (1915–1995), painter and sculptor. He was one of the first artists to exploit the evocative force of waste materials, looking forward to [[Trash art#Trash art|Trash art]] in America and [[Arte Povera]] in Italy
* [[Aldo Carpi]] (1886–1973), rector of the [[Brera Academy]] and author of a collection of memoirs concerning his imprisonment in the infamous [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp]].
* [[Carlo Carrà]] (1881–1966), painter, known for his still lifes in the style of Metaphysical painting
* [[Bruno Caruso]] (1927–2018), painter, illustrator and political activist. He was a celebrated Italian [[Social Realist]] and member of the [[Italian neorealism]] movement.
* [[Nicoletta Ceccoli]] (born 1973), children's book illustrator
* [[Francesco Clemente]] (born 1952), painter and draftsman whose dramatic figural imagery was a major component in the revitalization of Italian art beginning in the 1980s
* [[Enzo Cucchi]] (born 1949), painter, draughtsman and sculptor. He was a key member of the Italian [[Transavantgarde]] movement
* [[Giorgio de Chirico]] (1888–1978), painter, founder of the ''[[Metaphysical art|scuola metafisica]]'' art movement
* [[Annalaura di Luggo]]
* [[Lazzaro Donati]] (1926–1977), painter. Born in Florence and attended the [[Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze|Academy of Fine Arts]]. He began to paint in 1953, and in 1955 held his first exhibition at the Indiano Gallery in Florence.
* [[Lucio Fontana]] (1899–1968), painter, sculptor and theorist, founder of [[Spatialism]], noted for gashed [[monochrome painting]]s
* [[Renato Guttuso]] (1911–1987), painter. He was a forceful personality and Italy's leading exponent of Social realism in the 20th century
* [[Piero Manzoni]] (1933–1963), artist. He is regarded as one of the forerunners of [[Arte Povera]] and [[Conceptual art]]
* [[Amedeo Modigliani]] (1884–1920), painter and sculptor whose portraits and nudes, characterized by asymmetrical compositions, are among the most important portraits of the 20th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387356/Amedeo-Modigliani "Amedeo Modigliani"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giorgio Morandi]] (1890–1964), painter and etcher. He is widely acknowledged as a major Italian painter of the 20th century
* [[Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo]] (1868–1907), painter. His most famous work is ''[[The Fourth Estate (painting)|The Fourth Estate]]'' (1901); a symbol of the 20th
* [[Giovanni Pelliccioli]] (born 1947), surrealist painter. In 1993 he created a new form in the world of the artistic painting – the "triangle"
* [[Luigi Russolo]] (1885–1947), painter. One of the five signers of the basic 1910 "Manifesto of Futurist Painting" before switching his attention to music
* [[Emilio Scanavino]] (1922–1986), painter and sculptor. One of the most important protagonists of the Spatialist movement in Italy<ref>Ruhrberg, Karl; Schneckenburger, Manfred; Fricke, Christiane; Honnef, Klaus. [https://books.google.com/books?ei=nsvLTYr3Io2Sswbs2qmoAw&ct=result&id=bD5CAQAAIAAJ&dq= ''Art of the 20th century'' (Volume I)]. Taschen, 1998. p. 708. Web. 12 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Gino Severini]] (1883–1966), painter who synthesized the styles of Futurism and Cubism
* [[Mario Sironi]] (1885–1961), painter, sculptor, illustrator and designer. He was the leading artist of the [[Novecento Italiano]] group in the 1920s, developing a muscular, monumental figurative style
* [[Antonio Diego Voci]] (1920–1985), painter. Born in Gasperina, Calabria, Italy. Artist of a Thousand Faces. [[Surrealism]] [[Cubism]] [[Fauvism]] [[Realism (art movement)|Realism]] Italian
* [[Sergio Zanni]] (born 1942), painter and sculptor
* [[Giulia Andreani]] (born 1985), painter. She works on archives and develops a history painting.
== Photographers ==
* [[Giuseppe Incorpora]] (1834–1914)
*[[Franco Rubartelli]] (born 1937)
== Printers ==
{{See also|Category:Italian printers}}
* [[Panfilo Castaldi]] (c. 1398 – c. 1490), physician and "master of the art of printing", to whom local tradition attributes the invention of [[moveable type]]
* [[Fortunato de Felice, 2nd Count Panzutti|Fortunato Bartolomeo de Felice, 2nd Conte di Panzutti]] (1723–1789), printer, publisher and scientist. Settled in [[Yverdon]] where he published a version of the ''Encyclopédie'' (1770–1780). Also known for his escapades across Europe with a married Countessa.
* [[Francesco Franceschi]] (c. 1530 – c. 1599), printer. Known for the high quality of his engravings, which were done using metal plates rather than wooden
* [[Gabriele Giolito de' Ferrari]] (c. 1508 – 1578), bookseller, printer and editor at [[Venice]]. He was one of the first major [[publisher]]s of literature in the vernacular [[Italian language]]
* [[Johannes Philippus de Lignamine]] (c. 1420–?), printer and publisher, known for his publication of ''[[Pseudo-Apuleius|Herbarium Apuleii Platonici]]'' (1481)
* [[Aldus Manutius]] (1449–1515), printer, noted for his fine editions of the classics. Inventor of the [[italic type]] (1501) and also the first to use the [[semicolon]]
* [[Aldus Manutius the Younger]] (1547–1597), printer, last member of the Italian family of Manutius to be active in the famous [[Aldine Press]]
* [[Giovanni Battista Pasquali]] (1702–1784), printer, a leading printer in 18th-century [[Venice]]
* [[Pietro Perna]] (1519–1582), printer, the leading printer of late [[Renaissance]] [[Basel]]
* [[Ottaviano Petrucci]] (1466–1539), printer. Inventor of movable [[metal type]] for printing mensural and polyphonic music
* [[Lawrence Torrentinus]] (1499–1563), typographer and printer for [[Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]]
== Printmakers ==
{{See also|Category:Italian printmakers}}
* [[Domenico Campagnola]] (c. 1500 – 1564), painter and printmaker and one of the first professional draftsmen
* [[Giulio Campagnola]] (c. 1482 – c. 1515), painter and engraver who anticipated by over two centuries the development of stipple engraving<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/91101/Giulio-Campagnola "Giulio Campagnola"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 1 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Agostino Carracci]] (1557–1602), painter and printmaker. He was the brother of the more famous [[Annibale Carracci|Annibale]] and cousin of [[Lodovico Carracci]]
* [[Giovanni Francesco Cassioni]] (17th century), engraver in wood
* [[Stefano della Bella]] (1610–1664), printmaker noted for his engravings of military events, in the manner of [[Jacques Callot]]
* [[Marcantonio Raimondi]] (c. 1480 – c. 1534), engraver, known for being the first important printmaker. He is therefore a key figure in the rise of the [[Old master print|reproductive print]]
* [[Mario Labacco]] (active 1551–67), engraver
* [[Francesco Rosselli]] (1445–before 1513), miniature painter, and an important engraver of maps and [[old master print]]s
* [[Ugo da Carpi]] (c. 1480–between 1520 and 1532), painter and printmaker, the first Italian practitioner of the art of the ''[[Chiaroscuro#Chiaroscuro woodcuts|chiaroscuro]] woodcut''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/96794/Ugo-da-Carpi "Ugo da Carpi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 24 February 2011.</ref>
== Saints ==
{{See also|Category:Italian saints}}
* [[Agatha of Sicily]] (''fl.'' 3rd century AD), legendary Christian saint, martyred under Roman Emperor [[Decius]]. She is invoked against outbreaks of fire and is the patron saint of bell makers
* [[Agnes of Rome]] (c. 291–c. 304), legendary Christian martyr, the [[patron saint]] of girls
* [[Robert Bellarmine]] (1542–1621), theologian, cardinal, [[Doctor of the Church]], and a principal influence in the [[Counter-Reformation]]
* [[Bernardine of Siena]] (1380–1444), preacher. He was a Franciscan of the Observant congregation and one of the most effective and most widely known [[preacher]]s of his day<ref>[https://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/bernardine_of_siena_saint.jsp "Bernardine of Siena, Saint"]{{dead link|date=July 2021}} 19 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Charles Borromeo]] (1538–1584), cardinal and archbishop. He was one of the leaders of the Counter-Reformation
* [[John Bosco]] (1815–1888), Catholic priest, pioneer in educating the poor and founder of the [[Salesian Order]]
* [[Catherine of Siena]] (1347–1380), Dominican tertiary, mystic, and patron saint of Italy who played a major role in returning the papacy from [[Avignon]] to Rome (1377)
* [[Saint Cecilia]] (2nd century AD), patron saint of musicians and Church music. Venerated in both East and West, she is one of the eight women commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass
* [[Francis of Paola]] (1416–1507), mendicant friar. The founder of the [[Minim (religious order)|Minims]], a religious order in the Catholic Church
* [[Hippolytus of Rome]] (170–235), Christian martyr who was also the first [[antipope]] (217/218–235)
* [[Januarius]] (?–c. 305), Bishop and martyr, sometimes called Gennaro, long popular because of the liquefaction of his blood on his feast day
* [[Lawrence of Brindisi]] (1559–1619), Capuchin friar. He was one of the leading polemicists of the Counter-Reformation in Germany
* [[Saint Longinus]] (1st century AD), Roman soldier who pierced [[Jesus]]'s side with a [[Holy Lance|spear]] as he hung on the cross
* [[Saint Lucy]] (283–304), Christian martyr. She is the patron saint of the city of [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] (Sicily)
*[[Giuseppe Moscati]] (1880–1927), doctor, scientific researcher, and university professor noted both for his pioneering work in biochemistry and for his piety
* [[Philip Neri]] (1515–1595), priest. The founder of the [[Oratory of Saint Philip Neri|Congregation of the Oratory]], a congregation of secular priests and clerics
* [[Pio of Pietrelcina]] (1887–1968), Capuchin priest. He is renowned among Roman Catholics as one of the Church's modern [[stigmatist]]s
* [[Rita of Cascia]] (1381–1457), Augustinian nun
* [[Saint Rosalia]] (1130–1166), hermitess, greatly venerated at [[Palermo]] and in the whole of Sicily of which she in patroness
* [[Roger of Cannae]] (1060–1129), Bishop
* [[Saint Valentine]] (3rd century AD), according to tradition, he is the patron saint of courtship, travelers, and young people
* [[Vitus]] (c. 290 – c. 303), Christian saint. He is counted as one of the [[Fourteen Holy Helpers]] of the [[Catholic Church]]
== Scientists ==
{{Main|List of Italian scientists}}
* [[Maria Gaetana Agnesi]] (1718–1799), linguist, mathematician and philosopher, considered to be the first woman in the Western world to have achieved a reputation in [[mathematics]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/9316/Maria-Gaetana-Agnesi "Maria Gaetana Agnesi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
*[[Roberto Assagioli]] (1888–1974), psychiatrist and psychologist. The founder of the healing system known as [[psychosynthesis]]
* [[Gjuro Baglivi]] (1668–1707), physician and scientist. He published the first clinical description of [[pulmonary edema]] and made classic observations on the histology and physiology of muscle
* [[Franco Basaglia]] (1924–1980), psychiatrist. He was the promoter of an important reform in the Italian [[mental health]] system, the "[[Basaglia Law|legge 180/78]]" (law number 180, year 1978)
* [[Agostino Bassi]] (1773–1856), entomologist. The first person to succeed in the experimental transmission of a [[contagious disease]]
* [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]] (1522–1605), naturalist, noted for his systematic and accurate observations of animals, plants and [[mineral]]s
* [[Giuseppina Aliverti]] (1894–1982), [[Geophysics|geophysicist]] remembered for developing the Aliverti-Lovera method of measuring the radioactivity of water
* [[Giovanni Battista Amici]] (1786–1863), astronomer and microscopist. The inventor of the catadioptric microscope<ref>Fiorentino, Waldimaro. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8BkfAQAAIAAJ&q= ''Italia patria di scienziati'']. Catinaccio, 2004. p. 34. Web. 20 February 2011. {{in lang|it}}</ref> (presented at the Arts and Industry Exhibition in Milan in 1812)
* [[Giovanni Arduino (geologist)|Giovanni Arduino]] (1714–1795), father of Italian [[geology]], who established bases for stratigraphic chronology by classifying the four main layers of the [[Crust (geology)|Earth's crust]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/33360/Giovanni-Arduino "Giovanni Arduino"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Silvano Arieti]] (1914–1981), psychiatrist and psychoanalyst long recognized as a leading authority on [[schizophrenia]]
* [[Gaspare Aselli]] (c. 1581 – 1625), physician who contributed to the knowledge of the circulation of [[body fluid]]s by discovering the [[lacteal]] vessels<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/38029/Gaspare-Aselli "Gaspare Aselli"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Roberto Assagioli]] (1888–1974), psychiatrist and psychologist. The founder of the healing system known as [[psychosynthesis]]
* [[Amedeo Avogadro]] (1776–1856), chemist and physicist. The founder of the molecular theory now known as [[Avogadro's law]].
* [[Fabio Badilini]] (born 1964), pioneer in noninvasive electrocardiography.
* [[Gjuro Baglivi]] (1668–1707), physician and scientist. He published the first clinical description of [[pulmonary edema]] and made classic observations on the histology and physiology of muscle
* [[Marcella Balconi]] (1919–1999) child neuropsychiatrist and member of the resistance during World War II. She pioneered the practice of [[psychoanalytic infant observation]] in Italy.
* [[Franco Basaglia]] (1924–1980), psychiatrist. He was the promoter of an important reform in the Italian [[mental health]] system, the "[[Basaglia Law|legge 180/78]]" (law number 180, year 1978)
* [[Agostino Bassi]] (1773–1856), entomologist. The first person to succeed in the experimental transmission of a [[contagious disease]]
* [[Laura Bassi]] (1711–1778), scientist who was the first woman to become a [[physics]] professor at a European university<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1756931/Laura-Bassi "Laura Bassi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 23 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Jacopo Berengario da Carpi]] (c. 1460 – c. 1530), physician and anatomist who was the first to describe the [[heart valve]]s<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/61603/Giacomo-Berengario-da-Carpi "Giacomo Berengario da Carpi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giulio Bizzozero]] (1846–1901), anatomist. He is known as the original discoverer of ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' (1893)
* [[Enrico Bombieri]] (born 1940), mathematician who was awarded the [[Fields Medal]] in 1974 for his work in [[number theory]]
* [[Claudio Bordignon]] (born 1950), biologist, performed the first procedure of [[gene therapy]] using [[Hematopoietic stem cell|stem cells]] as gene vectors (1992)
* [[Giovanni Alfonso Borelli]] (1608–1679), physiologist and physicist who was the first to explain muscular movement and other body functions according to the laws of statics and dynamics
* [[Virginia Angiola Borrino]] (1880–1965), physician who was the first woman to serve as head of a University Pediatric Ward in Italy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.donnemedico.org/wp-content/uploads/StoriaAIDM.pdf |title=Storia Dell’Associazione Italiana Donne Medico (AIDM) (1921 - 2001) |trans-title=History of the Italian Association of Medical Women (AIDM) (1921 - 2001)|last1=D'Ajutolo |first1=Luisa Longhena |last2=Nasi |first2=Bianca Teglio |date=2021 |website=donnemedico.org |publisher=Italian Association of Medical Women |access-date=July 7, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Angiola Borrino |first=Virginia |title=La mia vita |year=2017 |publisher=Hoepli |isbn=978-88-203-7934-6 |page=5}}</ref>
* [[Giacomo Bresadola]] (1847–1929), clergyman and a prolific and influential [[mycologist]]
* [[Francesco Brioschi]] (1824–1897), mathematician, known for his contributions to the theory of [[algebraic equation]]s and to the applications of [[mathematics]] to [[hydraulics]]
* [[Giuseppe Brotzu]] (1895–1976), physician, famous for having discovered the [[cephalosporin]] (1948)
* [[Tito Livio Burattini]] (1617–1681), mathematician, in his book ''Misura Universale'', published in 1675, first suggested the name [[meter]] as the name for a unit of length
* [[Nicola Cabibbo]] (1935–2010), physicist who reconciled these strange-particle decays with the universality of [[weak interaction]]s
* [[Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani]] (1725–1813), anatomist and physiologist. He is noted for his experimental studies on the function of the [[spinal cord]]
* [[Temistocle Calzecchi-Onesti]] (1853–1922), physicist, invented a tube filled with iron filings, called a "[[coherer]]" (1884)
* [[Tommaso Campailla]] (1668–1740), physician, philosopher and poet, inventor of "vapour stovens" that he used to fight [[syphilis]] [[rheumatism]]
* [[Giuseppe Campani]] (1635–1715), optician and astronomer who invented a lens-grinding lathe<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/91128/Giuseppe-Campani "Giuseppe Campani"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Stanislao Cannizzaro]] (1826–1910), chemist, in 1858 put an end to confusion over values to be attributed to [[atomic weights]], using [[Amedeo Avogadro|Avogadro]]'s hypothesis
* [[Federico Capasso]] (born 1949), physicist, one of the inventors of the [[quantum cascade laser]] (QCL) in 1994
* [[Mario Capecchi]] (born 1937), molecular geneticist, famous for having contribution to development of "[[knockout mice]]" (1989)
* [[Gerolamo Cardano]] (1501–1576), mathematician and physician; initiated the general theory of [[Cubic function|cubic]] and [[quartic equations]]. He emphasized the need for both negative and [[complex number]]s
* [[Antonio Cardarelli]] (1831–1926), physician remembered for describing [[Cardarelli's sign]]
* [[Antonio Carini]] (1872–1950), physician and bacteriologist who discovered ''[[Pneumocystis carinii]]'', which is responsible for recurrent [[pneumonia]] in patients with [[AIDS]]
* [[Francesco Carlini]] (1783–1862), astronomer. Worked in the field of [[celestial mechanics]], improved the theory of the motion of the [[Moon]]
* [[Giovanni Caselli]] (1815–1891), physicist, inventor of the [[pantelegraph]] (1861)
* [[Giovanni Domenico Cassini]] (1625–1712), mathematician, astronomer, engineer and astrologer who was the first to observe four of [[Saturn]]'s [[Natural satellite|moons]]
* [[Bonaventura Cavalieri]] (1598–1647), mathematician. He invented the method of indivisibles (1635) that foreshadowed [[integral calculus]]
* [[Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza]] (1922–2018), population geneticist, currently teaching since 1970 as [[emeritus]] professor at [[Stanford University]]. One of the most important [[geneticist]]s of the 20th century
* [[Tiberius Cavallo]] (1749–1809), physicist and natural philosopher who wrote on the early experiments with [[electricity]]. He was known contemporaneously as the inventor of [[Cavallo's multiplier]]
* [[Ugo Cerletti]] (1877–1963), neurologist, co-inventor with [[Lucio Bini]], of the method of [[electroconvulsive therapy]] in [[psychiatry]]
* [[Vincenzo Cerulli]] (1859–1927), astronomer. The author of the idea that the canali are just a special kind of [[optical illusion]]
* [[Andrea Cesalpino]] (1519–1603), physician, philosopher and botanist, produced the first scientific classification of plants and animals by genera and species
* [[Ernesto Cesàro]] (1859–1906), mathematician. In 1880 he developed methods of finding the sum of [[divergent series]]. Cesàro made important contributions to intrinsic geometry
* [[Giacinto Cestoni]] (1637–1718), naturalist, studied [[fleas]] and [[algae]], and showed that [[scabies]] is provoked by ''[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]'' (1689)
* [[Vincenzo Chiarugi]] (1759–1820), physician who introduced [[humanitarian]] reforms to the [[psychiatric hospital]] care of people with [[mental disorder]]s
* [[Agostino Codazzi]] (1793 - 1859), soldier, scientist, geographer, cartographer
* [[Realdo Colombo]] (c. 1516 – 1559), one of the first [[anatomist]]s in the Western world to describe [[pulmonary circulation]]
* [[Orso Mario Corbino]] (1876–1937), physicist and politician, discovered modulation calorimetry and [[Corbino effect]], a variant of the Hall effect
* [[Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti]] (1822–1876), anatomist, known for his discoveries on the anatomical structure of the ear
* [[Domenico Cotugno]] (1736–1822), physician. He discovered [[albuminuria]] (about a half century before [[Richard Bright (physician)|Richard Bright]]) and was also one of the first scientists to identify [[urea]] in human [[urine]]
* [[Alessandro Cruto]] (1847–1908), inventor who improved on [[Thomas Alva Edison]] incandescent light bulb with [[Incandescent light bulb#Filament|carbon filament]] (1881)
* [[Bruno de Finetti]] (1906–1985), probabilist, statistician and actuary, noted for the "operational subjective" conception of [[probability]]
* [[Annibale de Gasparis]] (1819–1892), astronomer, his first [[asteroid]] discovery was [[10 Hygiea]] in 1849. Between 1850 and 1865, he discovered eight more asteroids
* [[Ennio de Giorgi]] (1928–1996), mathematician. He brilliantly resolved the [[Hilbert's nineteenth problem|19th Hilbert problem]]. Today, this contribution is known as the De Giorgi-Nash Theorem
* [[Mondino de Liuzzi]] (c. 1270 – 1326), physician and anatomist whose ''Anathomia corporis humani'' (MS. 1316; first printed in 1478) was the first modern work on [[anatomy]]
* [[Francesco de Vico]] (1805–1848), astronomer. He discovered a number of [[comet]]s, including periodic comets [[54P/de Vico-Swift-NEAT]] and [[122P/de Vico]]
* [[Giambattista della Porta]] (c. 1535 – 1615), scholar and [[polymath]], known for his work ''[[Magia Naturalis]]'' (1558), which dealt with alchemy, magic, and natural philosophy
* [[Ulisse Dini]] (1845–1918), mathematician and politician whose most important work was on the theory of [[Implicit function theorem|functions of real variables]]
* [[Eustachio Divini]] (1610–1685), physician and astronomer; maker of clocks and lenses (1646), innovative compound microscope (1648)
* [[Giovanni Battista Donati]] (1826–1873), astronomer. He becomes one of the first to systematically adapt the new science of [[spectroscopy]] to [[astronomy]]
* [[Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio]] (1330–1388), doctor and clock-maker at Padua, son of Jacopo Dondi, builder of the [[Astrarium]]
* [[Jacopo Dondi dell'Orologio]] (1293–1359), doctor and clock-maker at Padua, father of Giovanni
* [[Angelo Dubini]] (1813–1902), physician who identified ''[[Hookworm|Ancylostoma duodenale]]'' (1838)
* [[Girolamo Segato]] (1792–1836), Egyptologist and anatomist, best known for his unique work in the [[petrifaction]] of human cadavers.
* [[Renato Dulbecco]] (1914–2012), virologist, known for his brilliant work with two viruses that can transform animal cells into a cancer-like state in the test tube
* [[Federigo Enriques]] (1871–1946), mathematician, known principally as the first to give a [[Enriques–Kodaira classification|classification of algebraic surfaces]] in [[birational geometry]]
*[[Paolo Enriques]] (1878–1932), zoologist of Padua University.
* [[Vittorio Erspamer]] (1909–1999), pharmacologist and chemist, famous for having discovered the [[serotonin]] (1935) and [[octopamine]] (1948)
* [[Bartolomeo Eustachi]] (1500 or 1514–1574), anatomist. He described many structures in the [[human body]], including the [[Eustachian tube]] of the ear
* [[Francesco Faà di Bruno]] (1825–1888), mathematician, known for the [[Faà di Bruno formula]] (1855, 1857)
* [[Hieronymus Fabricius]] (1537–1619), anatomist and surgeon, called the founder of modern [[embryology]]
* [[Gabriele Falloppio]] (1523–1562), anatomist and physician. His important discoveries include the [[fallopian tube]]s, leading from [[uterus]] to [[ovaries]]
* [[Enrico Fermi]] (1901–1954), physicist, constructed the world's first [[nuclear reactor]] (1942), initiated the [[atomic age]]; father of [[atom bomb]]
* [[Lodovico Ferrari]] (1522–1565), mathematician, famous for having discovered the solution of the general [[Quartic function|quartic equation]]
* [[Galileo Ferraris]] (1847–1897), physicist and electrical engineer, noted for the discovery of the [[rotating magnetic field]], basic working principle of the [[induction motor]]
* [[Amarro Fiamberti]] (10 September 1894 – 1970), psychiatrist who first performed a transorbital [[lobotomy]] (by accessing the [[frontal lobe]] of the [[brain]] through the orbits) in 1937
* [[Leonardo Fibonacci]] (c. 1170 – c. 1250), mathematician, eponym of the [[Fibonacci number]] sequence. He is considered to be the<!--The cited book uses a lower-case initial "t" in "the", and this is in quotation marks, so lower case should be used.--> most talented Western mathematician of the [[Middle Ages]].<ref>[[Howard Eves]]. ''An Introduction to the History of Mathematics''. Brooks Cole, 1990: {{ISBN|0-03-029558-0}} (6th ed.), p 261.</ref>
* [[Quirico Filopanti]] (1812–1894), mathematician and politician. In his book ''Miranda!'' (1858), he was the first to propose [[universal time]] and worldwide standard time zones 21 years before [[Sandford Fleming]]
*[[Giovanni Fontana (engineer)|Giovanni Fontana]] (1395 – 1455), physician and engineer
* [[Carlo Forlanini]] (1847–1918), physician, inventor of [[Pneumothorax|artificial pneumothorax]] (1882) for treatment of [[Tuberculosis|pulmonary tuberculosis]]
* [[Carlo Fornasini]] (1854–1931), [[micropalaeontologist]] who studied [[Foraminifera]]
* [[Girolamo Fracastoro]] (1478–1553), physician and scholar, the first to state the [[Germ theory of disease|germ theory]] of infection and is regarded as the founder of scientific [[epidemiology]]
* [[Guido Fubini]] (1879–1943), mathematician, eponym of [[Fubini's theorem]] in [[measure theory]]
* [[Galileo Galilei]] (1564–1642), physicist and [[astronomer]]. The founder of modern [[science]] who accurately described heliocentric [[solar system]]<ref>[http://www.mhest.com/galileo_biography.php "Galileo"] ''McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology''. Web. 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Luigi Galvani]] (1737–1798), physician and physicist, noted for his discovery of [[animal electricity]]
* [[Agostino Gemelli]] (1878–1959), physician, psychologist, and priest, founder of a university and eponym of the [[Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic]]
* [[Luca Ghini]] (1490–1556), physician and botanist, best known as the creator of the first recorded [[herbarium]] and founder of the world's first botanical garden<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/1702608/Educational_Voices_in_Botanic_Garden_Histories_From_Luca_Ghini_to_Lilian_Clarke] ''Educational Voices in Botanic Garden Histories: From Luca Ghini to Lilian Clarkemore'', Dawn Sanders, published in: "Gardens and Society." P. Baas & A. van der Staay (eds), ClusiusFoundation and National Herbarium of the Netherlands. Leiden, 2011.</ref>
* [[Riccardo Giacconi]] (1931–2018), astrophysicist, called the father of [[X-ray astronomy]]
* [[Clelia Giacobini]] (1931–2010), microbiologist, a pioneer of [[microbiology]] applied to [[conservation-restoration]]
* [[Corrado Gini]] (1884–1965), statistician, demographer and sociologist, developer of [[Gini coefficient]]
* [[Camillo Golgi]] (1843–1926), histologist noted for work on the structure of the [[nervous system]] and for his discovery of [[Golgi apparatus]] (1897)
* [[Luigi Guido Grandi]] (1671–1742), philosopher, mathematician and engineer, known for studying the [[Rose (mathematics)|rose curve]], a curve which has the shape of a petalled flower, and for [[Grandi's series]]
* [[Giovanni Battista Grassi]] (1854–1925), zoologist who discovered that [[mosquito]]es were responsible for transmitting [[malaria]] between humans
* [[Francesco Maria Grimaldi]] (1618–1663), physicist and mathematician, noted for his discoveries in the field of [[optics]], he was the first to describe the [[diffraction of light]]
* [[Nicola Guarino]] (born 1954), scientist, co-inventor with [[Chris Welty]], of the [[OntoClean]], the first methodology for formal ontological analysis
* [[Guido da Vigevano]] (c. 1280 – c. 1349), physician and inventor who became one of the first writers to include [[illustration]]s in a work on [[anatomy]]<ref>Schlager, Neil; Lauer, Josh. [https://books.google.com/books?id=To1FAAAAYAAJ&q= ''Science and Its Times: 700–1449'']. Gale Group, 2001. p. 186. Web. 12 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Battista Hodierna]] (1597–1660), astronomer. He was one of the first to create a catalog of celestial objects with a telescope
* [[Arturo Issel]] (1842–1922), geologist, palaeontologist, malacologist and archaeologist. He is noted for first defining the [[Tyrrhenian Stage]] (1914)
* [[Joseph-Louis Lagrange]] (1736–1813), Italian-French who made major contributions to mathematics and physics
* [[Giovanni Maria Lancisi]] (1654–1720), clinician and anatomist who is considered the first modern hygienist<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/329075/Giovanni-Maria-Lancisi "Giovanni Maria Lancisi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 12 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Rita Levi-Montalcini]] (1909–2012), neurologist, famous for having discovered the [[nerve growth factor]] (NGF)
* [[Aloysius Lilius]] (c. 1510 – 1576), astronomer and physician. The principal author of the [[Gregorian Calendar]] (1582)
* [[Salvador Luria]] (1912–1991), microbiologist. He shared a 1969 [[Nobel Prize]] for investigating the mechanism of viral [[infection]] in living cells
* [[Giovanni Antonio Magini]] (1555–1617), astronomer, astrologer, cartographer and mathematician, known for his reduced size edition of [[Ptolemy]]'s ''Geographiae'' (1596)
* [[Ettore Majorana]] (1906–1938), theoretical physicist. He is noted for the eponymous [[Majorana equation]]
* [[Marcello Malpighi]] (1628–1694), physician and biologist. He is regarded as the founder of microscopic anatomy and may be regarded as the first [[histologist]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360486/Marcello-Malpighi "Marcello Malpighi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Massimo Marchiori]] (?–?), computer scientist who made major contributions to the development of the [[World Wide Web]]. He was also the creator of [[HyperSearch]]
* [[Guglielmo Marconi]] (1874–1937), physicist, credited as the inventor of radio, often called the father of wireless communication and technology (1896)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiohof.org/pioneer/marconi.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-05-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505204928/http://www.radiohof.org/pioneer/marconi.html |archive-date= 5 May 2012 }} ''Radio Hall of Fame'', Pioneer, Gugliemo Marconi.</ref>
* [[Macedonio Melloni]] (1798–1854), physicist, demonstrated that [[radiant heat]] has similar physical properties to those of light
* [[Giuseppe Mercalli]] (1850–1914), volcanologist and seismologist, inventor of the [[Mercalli intensity scale]] (1902)
* [[Franco Modigliani]] (1918–2003), economist and educator who received the [[Nobel Prize]] for Economics in 1985 for his work on household [[saving]]s and the dynamics of [[financial market]]s
* [[Geminiano Montanari]] (1633–1687), astronomer. Today, it is better known for his discovery of the variability of the star [[Algol]] (c. 1667)
* [[Maria Montessori]] (1870–1952), physician and educator. The innovative educational method that bears her name (1907) is now spread in 22,000 schools in at least 110 countries worldwide<ref>{{cite web|url = https://amshq.org/About-Montessori/History-of-Montessori|website = American Montessori Society|title = History of Montessori}}</ref>
* [[Giovanni Battista Morgagni]] (1682–1771), anatomist, called the founder of [[Anatomical pathology|pathologic anatomy]]
* [[Angelo Mosso]] (1846–1910), physiologist who created the first crude [[neuroimaging]] technique
* [[Giulio Natta]] (1903–1979), chemist, famous for having discovered isotactic [[polypropylene]] (1954) and [[polymer]]s (1957)
* [[Adelchi Negri]] (1876–1912), pathologist and microbiologist who identified what later became known as [[Negri bodies]] (1903) in the brains of animals and humans infected with the [[rabies virus]]
* [[Leopoldo Nobili]] (1784–1835), physicist, designed the first precision instrument for measuring [[electric current]] (1825)
* [[Giuseppe Occhialini]] (1907–1993), physicist, contributed to the discovery of the [[pion]] or pi-[[meson]] decay in 1947, with [[César Lattes]] and [[Cecil Frank Powell]]
* [[Barnaba Oriani]] (1752–1832), astronomer. Great scholar of orbital theories
* [[Filippo Pacini]] (1812–1883), anatomist who isolated the ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]'' (1854) ; the bacteria that causes [[cholera]]
* [[Antonio Pacinotti]] (1841–1912), physicist, inventor of the [[dynamo]] (1858) and [[electric motor]] (1858)
* [[Luca Pacioli]] (1446/7–1517), mathematician and founder of accounting. He popularized the system of double bookkeeping for keeping financial records and is often known as the father of modern [[accounting]]
* [[Ferdinando Palasciano]] (1815–1891), physician and politician, considered one of the forerunners of the foundation of the [[Red Cross]]
* [[Luigi Palmieri]] (1807–1896), physicist and meteorologist, inventor of the [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] [[seismometer]]
* [[Pier Paolo Pandolfi]] (born 1963), geneticist, discovered the genes underlying [[acute promyelocytic leukaemia]] (APL)<ref>[http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2007/070510/full/nj7141-228a.html "Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Director, Cancer Genetics Programme, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University"] ''Nature Publishing Group: science journals, jobs, and information''. Web. 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Vilfredo Pareto]] (1848–1923), engineer, sociologist, economist, and philosopher, eponym of [[Pareto distribution]], [[Pareto efficiency]], [[Pareto index]] and [[Pareto principle]]
* [[Giorgio Parisi]] (born 1948), theoretical physicist, called the father of the modern field of [[chaos theory]]
* [[Emanuele Paternò]] (1847–1935), chemist, discoverer of the [[Paternò–Büchi reaction]] (1909)
* [[Giuseppe Peano]] (1858–1932), mathematician and a founder of [[Mathematical logic|symbolic logic]] whose interests centred on the [[foundations of mathematics]] and on the development of a formal logical language
* [[Gaetano Perusini]] (1879–1915), physician, remembered for his contribution to the description of [[Alzheimer's disease|Alzheimer]]'s
* [[Giuseppe Piazzi]] (1746–1826), mathematician and astronomer who discovered (1 January 1801) and named the first asteroid, or "minor planet", [[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]]
* [[Raffaele Piria]] (1814–1865), chemist. The first to successfully synthesize [[salicylic acid]] (1839);<ref>Schrör, Karsten. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gw6yR6qZe5wC&pg= ''Acetylsalicylic acid'']. Wiley-VCH, 2009. p. 6. Web. 3 March 2011.</ref> the active ingredient in [[aspirin]]
* [[Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana]] (1781–1864), astronomer and mathematician. The founder of the [[Observatory of Turin]]
* [[Edoardo Amaldi]] (1908–1989), cosmic-ray physicist, one of the founding fathers of European space research, led the founding of the [[CERN]], the [[ESRO]] and later the [[European Space Agency]] (ESA)<ref>[http://www.esa.int/About_Us/Welcome_to_ESA/ESA_history/Edoardo_Amaldi] ''ESA, History of Europe in space'', Edoardo Amaldi</ref>
* [[Giulio Racah]] (1909–1965), Italian-Israeli mathematician and physicist; Acting President of the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]
*[[Antonio Raimondi]] (1826 – 1890), geographer and scientist
* [[Bernardino Ramazzini]] (1633–1714), physician, considered a founder of [[industrial medicine|occupational medicine]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490551/Bernardino-Ramazzini "Bernardino Ramazzini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Francesco Redi]] (1626–1697), physician who demonstrated that the presence of [[maggot]]s in putrefying meat does not result from [[spontaneous generation]] but from eggs laid on the meat by flies
* [[Jacopo Riccati]] (1676–1754), mathematician, known in connection with his problem, called Riccati's equation, published in the ''Acla eruditorum'' (1724)<ref>Cajori, Florian. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mGJRjIC9fZgC&pg= ''A history of mathematics'']. AMS Bookstore, 1991. p. 225. Web. 12 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Matteo Ricci]] (1552–1610), missionary to China, mathematician, linguist and published the first Chinese edition of [[Euclid's Elements]]
* [[Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro]] (1853–1925), mathematician, inventor of [[tensor analysis]] collaborator with [[Tullio Levi-Civita]]
* [[Giovanni Battista Riccioli]] (1598–1671), astronomer, devised the system for the nomenclature of [[Moon|lunar]] features that is now the international standard
* [[Augusto Righi]] (1850–1920), physicist who played an important role in the development of [[electromagnetism]]
* [[Scipione Riva-Rocci]] (1863–1937), internist and pediatrician. The inventor of the first [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] [[sphygmomanometer]]
* [[Rogerius (physician)|Rogerius]] (before 1140–c. 1195), surgeon who wrote a work on medicine entitled ''Practica Chirurgiae'' ("The Practice of Surgery") around 1180
* [[Gian Domenico Romagnosi]] (1761–1835), philosopher, economist and jurist, famous for having discovered the same link between [[electricity]] and [[magnetism]]
* [[Bruno Rossi]] (1905–1993), experimental physicist. An authority on [[cosmic ray]]s<ref>[http://www.aas.org/head/rossi/rossi.obit.html "Bruno Rossi, 88, Pioneer in Cosmic Ray Research"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118162704/http://www.aas.org/head/rossi/rossi.obit.html |date=18 November 2014 }} ''American Astronomical Society (AAS)''. Web. 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Carlo Rubbia]] (born 1934), physicist who in 1984 shared with [[Simon van der Meer]] the [[Nobel Prize]] for Physics for the discovery of the massive, short-lived subatomic [[W particle]] and [[Z particle]]
* [[Paolo Ruffini]] (1765–1822), mathematician and physician who made studies of equations that anticipated the algebraic theory of [[Group (mathematics)|groups]]
* [[Nazareno Strampelli]] (1866–1942), geneticist and agronomist, whose innovative scientific work in wheat breeding 30 years earlier than [[Borlaug]] laid the foundations for the [[Green Revolution]]<ref>[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8770918], ''Cambridge, The Journal of Agricultural Science'', 2013. Nazareno Strampelli, the 'Prophet' of the green revolution.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri]] (1667–1733), philosopher and mathematician who did early work on [[non-Euclidean geometry]], although he didn't see it as such
* [[Sanctorius]] (1561–1636), physiologist and physician. He laid the foundation for the study of [[metabolism]]
* [[Henry Salvatori]] (1901-1997), geophysicist founder of [[Western Geophysical]] an international oil exploration company for the purpose of using reflection seismology to explore petroleum.
* [[Antonio Scarpa]] (1752–1832), anatomist, famous for the anatomical eponyms [[Femoral triangle|Scarpa triangle]] and [[Scarpa's ganglion|Scarpa ganglion]] of the ear
* [[Giovanni Schiaparelli]] (1835–1910), astronomer and science historian who first observed lines on the surface of [[Mars]], which he described as canals
* [[Angelo Secchi]] (1818–1878), astronomer. He is known especially for his work in [[spectroscopy]] and was a pioneer in classifying [[star]]s by their spectra
* [[Emilio Segrè]] (1905–1989), physicist, known for his discovery of the [[antiproton]]
* [[Francesco Selmi]] (1817–1881), chemist. One of the founders of [[colloid chemistry]]
* [[Enrico Sertoli]] (1842–1910), physiologist and histologist. The discoverer of the cells of the [[seminiferous tubules]] of the [[testis]] that bear his [[Sertoli cell|name]] (1865)
* [[Ascanio Sobrero]] (1812–1888), chemist, famous for having discovered the synthesis of [[nitroglycerine]] (1846)
* [[Lazzaro Spallanzani]] (1729–1799), biologist and physiologist, called the father of [[artificial insemination]] (done at Pavia in 1784)
* [[Francesco Stelluti]] (1577–1652), [[polymath]] who worked in the fields of mathematics, microscopy, literature and astronomy; in 1625 he published the first accounts of [[microscope|microscopic observation]]
* [[Gasparo Tagliacozzi]] (1546–1599), plastic surgeon. He is considered a pioneer in the field; called the father of [[plastic surgery]]
* [[Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia|Niccolòa Tartaglia]] (1499–1557), mathematician who originated the science of [[ballistics]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583744/Niccolo-Fontana-Tartaglia "Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Fabiola Terzi]] (born 1961), physician-scientist, known for her research on [[chronic kidney disease]]
* [[Vincenzo Tiberio]] (1869–1915), physician and researcher. He was one of many scientist to notice the antibacterial power of some types of mold before [[Alexander Fleming]]'s discovery of penicillin<ref>[http://ijphjournal.it/article/view/5688/5424] ''Public Health History Corner'', 2011. Vincenzo Tiberio: a misunderstood researcher.</ref>
* [[Laura Bassi]] (1711–1778), scientist who was the first woman to become a [[physics]] professor at a European university
* [[Giuseppe Toaldo]] (1719–1797), physicist, gave special attention to the study of [[atmospheric electricity]] and to the means of protecting buildings against [[lightning]]
* [[Evangelista Torricelli]] (1608–1647), physicist and mathematician, inventor of the [[barometer]] (1643)
* [[Trotula]] (11th–12th centuries), physician who wrote several influential works on women's medicine; whose texts on [[gynecology]] and [[obstetrics]] were widely used for several hundred years in Europe
* [[Pellegrino Turri]] (1765–1828), built the first [[typewriter]] proven to have worked in 1808. He also invented [[carbon paper]] (1806)
* [[Carlo Urbani]] (1956–2003), physician. The first person to discover [[severe acute respiratory syndrome]] (SARS) in 1998
* [[Antonio Vallisneri]] (1661–1730), physician and naturalist who made numerous experiments in entomology and human organology, and combated the doctrine of [[spontaneous generation]]
* [[Antonio Maria Valsalva]] (1666–1723), professor of anatomy at Bologna. He described several anatomical features of the ear in his book, ''De aure humana tractatus'' (1704)
* [[Costanzo Varolio]] (1543–1575), remembered for his studies on the anatomy of the [[brain]], and his description of the pons that bears his name
* [[Gabriele Veneziano]] (born 1942), theoretical physicist and a founder of [[string theory]]
* [[Giovanni Battista Venturi]] (1746–1822), physicist. He was the discoverer and [[eponym]] of [[Venturi effect]]
* [[Emilio Veratti]] (1872–1967), anatomist who described the [[sarcoplasmic reticulum]]
* [[Alessandro Volta]] (1745–1827), electricity pioneer, [[eponym]] of the [[volt]], inventor of the [[Battery (electricity)|electric battery]] (1800)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/632433/Conte-Alessandro-Volta "Conte Alessandro Volta"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Vito Volterra]] (1860–1940), mathematician and physicist who strongly influenced the modern development of [[calculus]]
* [[Giuseppe Zamboni]] (1776–1846), physicist who invented the [[Zamboni pile]] (1812); a model of dry battery
* [[Francesco Zantedeschi]] (1797–1873), physicist who published papers (1829, 1830) on the production of [[electric currents]] in closed circuits by the approach and withdrawal of a [[magnet]]
*[[Antonino Zichichi]] (born 1929), nuclear physicist
* [[Niccolò Zucchi]] (1586–1670), astronomer and physicist. May have been the first to observe belts on the planet Jupiter with a telescope (on 17 May 1630), also claimed to have explored the idea of a [[reflecting telescope]] in 1616, predating [[Galileo Galilei]] and [[Giovanni Francesco Sagredo]]'s discussions of the same idea a few years later.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LZZginzib4C&q=Niccol%C3%B2+Zucchi&pg=PA109|title=Stargazer: The Life and Times of the Telescope|first=Fred|last=Watson|date=22 August 2018|publisher=Allen & Unwin|isbn=9781741763928}}</ref>
* [[Giovanni Battista Zupi]] (c. 1590 – 1650), astronomer and mathematician. The first person to discover that the planet [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] had [[orbit]]al [[Planetary phase|phases]]
== Sculptors ==
{{See also|Category:Italian sculptors}}
* [[Agostino di Duccio]] (1418 – c. 1481), sculptor whose work is characterized by its linear decorativeness
* [[Giovanni Antonio Amadeo]] (c. 1447 – 1522), sculptor, architect and engineer; he took part in the sculpture of the great octagonal dome of [[Milan Cathedral]]
* [[Bartolomeo Ammanati]] (1511–1592), sculptor and architect; his works, the two members of the del Monte family and the Fountains of [[Juno (mythology)|Juno]] and [[Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]], are generally considered his masterpieces
* [[Benedetto Antelami]] (c. 1150 – c. 1230), sculptor and architect. He is credited with the sculptural decorations of [[Fidenza]] Cathedral and [[Ferrara Cathedral]]
* [[Andrea di Alessandro]] 16th century, sculptor; responsible for the bronze candelabra in the [[Santa Maria della Salute]] church.
* [[Arnolfo di Cambio]] (c. 1240 – 1300/1310), sculptor and architect; his sculptures have a strong sense of volume that shows the influence on him of antique Roman models
* [[Bartolommeo Bandinelli]] (1493–1560), sculptor and painter; his most famous and conspicuous sculpture is ''[[Hercules and Cacus]]'' (1527–34), a pendant to Michelangelo's David
* [[Renato Barisani]] (1918–2011), sculptor and painter
* [[Lorenzo Bartolini]] (1777–1850), sculptor; his most imposing creation is the Nicola Demidoff monument in Florence
* [[Benedetto da Maiano]] (1442–1497), sculptor and architect; whose work is characterized by its decorative elegance and realistic detail<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/60476/Benedetto-da-Maiano "Benedetto da Maiano"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]] (1598–1680), sculptor and architect during the [[Baroque]] period; works include ''[[Apollo and Daphne (Bernini)|Apollo and Daphne]]'' (1622–25) and ''[[Ecstasy of Saint Theresa]]'' (1647–1652)
* [[Umberto Boccioni]] (1882–1916), painter and sculptor. The leading theorist of [[Futurism|futurist art]]; his sculpture, ''[[Unique Forms of Continuity in Space]]'' (1913) is generally considered his masterpiece
* [[Antonio Canova]] (1757–1822), sculptor. Leading exponent of the [[Neoclassicism|neoclassical]] school; works include ''[[Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss]]'' (1787–93, 1800–03)
* [[Benvenuto Cellini (opera)|Benvenuto Cellini]] (1500–1571), goldsmith, medallist, sculptor and writer. He was one of the foremost Italian Mannerist artists of the 16th century<ref>"Benvenuto Cellini." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 3 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Vincenzo Danti]] (1530–1576), sculptor, architect, and writer, born in [[Perugia]] and active mainly in [[Florence]]
* [[Andrea della Robbia]] (1435–1525), sculptor; known for ''[[:File:A-della-Robbia-La-Verna.jpg|Crucifixion]]'' and the ''[[:File:LaVerna SantaMaria1.jpg|Assumption of the Virgin]]'' at [[La Verna]]
* [[Desiderio da Settignano]] (c. 1430 – 1464), sculptor; his delicate, sensitive, original technique was best expressed in portrait busts of women and children
* [[Donatello]] (c. 1386 – 1466), sculptor, pioneer of the [[Renaissance]] style of natural, lifelike figures, such as the bronze statue ''[[David (Donatello)|David]]'' (c. 1440)
* [[Giovanni Battista Foggini]] (1652–1725), sculptor and architect; the foremost [[Florence|Florentine]] sculptor of the late Baroque period
* [[Domenico Gagini]] (1420–1492), sculptor. Although he worked at times in [[Florence]] and Rome, he is known for his activity in northern Italy
* [[Silvio Gazzaniga]] (1921–2016), sculptor. His major works includes [[FIFA World Cup Trophy#FIFA World Cup Trophy|FIFA World Cup Trophy]], [[UEFA Europa League]] trophy and [[UEFA Supercup]] trophy
* [[Vincenzo Gemito]] (1852–1929), Italian sculptor, [[draughtsmen]]
* [[Lorenzo Ghiberti]] (1378–1455), sculptor, goldsmith and designer active in [[Florence]]
* [[Giambologna]] (1529–1608), sculptor in the [[Mannerism|mannerist]] style; works include [[Fountain of Neptune, Bologna|Fountain of Neptune]] (1563–67) and ''[[The Rape of the Sabine Women]]'' (1574–80)
* [[Jacopo della Quercia]] (c. 1374 – 1438), sculptor; he is especially noted for his imposing allegorical figures for the Gaia Fountain in Siena
* [[Cesare Lapini]] (1848 – after 1890), sculptor; noted for both small marbles and larger work
* [[Francesco Laurana]] (c. 1430 – 1502), sculptor; known for his portrait busts of women, characterized by serene, detached dignity and aristocratic elegance<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/332359/Francesco-Laurana "Francesco Laurana"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Leone Leoni]] (1509–1590), sculptor and medalist; his most important works were kneeling bronze figures of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] and [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]], with their families, for the sanctuary in the [[Escorial]]<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Leone_Leoni.aspx "Leoni, Leone"] ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Tullio Lombardo]] (1460–1532), sculptor; he is noted for the mausoleum of Doge [[Pietro Mocenigo]] in Santi Giovanni e Paolo and for other tombs, including that of [[Dante]] at [[Ravenna]]
* [[Stefano Maderno]] (c. 1576 – 1636), sculptor. He was one of the leading sculptors in Rome during the papacy of [[Paul V]] (1605–1621)<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Stefano_Maderno.aspx#2 "Maderno, Stefano"] ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists''. Web. 24 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Giacomo Manzù]] (1908–1991), sculptor; known for his relief sculptures, which give contemporary dimensions to Christian themes
* [[Marino Marini (sculptor)|Marino Marini]] (1901–1980), sculptor; known for his many vigorous sculptures of horses and horsemen (e.g., ''Horse and Rider'', 1952–53)
* [[Arturo Martini]] (1889–1947), sculptor who was active between the World Wars. He is known for figurative sculptures executed in a wide variety of styles and materials
* [[Michelangelo]] (1475–1564), sculptor and painter; one of the most famous artists in [[History of sculpture|history]]; creations include ''[[Pietà (Michelangelo)|Pietà]]'' (1499) and ''[[David (Michelangelo)|David]]'' (1504)
* [[Mino da Fiesole]] (c. 1429 – 1484), sculptor; he is noted for his portrait busts
* [[Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli]] (c. 1506 – 1563), sculptor of the Michelangelesque school, and seems to have acted as assistant to Michelangelo
* [[Nanni di Banco]] (c. 1384 – 1421), sculptor; the classically influenced ''[[Four Crowned Martyrs]]'' (c. 1415) is considered his masterpiece
* [[Niccolò dell'Arca]] (c. 1435/1440–1494), sculptor. The Ragusa, Bari, and Apulia variants of his name suggest that he might have come from southern Italy
* [[Andrea Pisano]] (1290–1348), sculptor; his most important work, the first bronze doors of the [[Florence Baptistery|Baptistery in Florence]], was begun in 1330
* [[Giovanni Pisano]] (c. 1250 – c. 1315), sculptor, painter and architect; his most famous work is the ''[[Pulpit of St. Andrew]]'' (1301)
* [[Nicola Pisano]] (1220/1225–1284), sometimes considered to be the founder of modern [[sculpture]]
* [[Arnaldo Pomodoro]] (born 1926), sculptor; one of the most famous contemporary artists
* [[Luca della Robbia]] (1399/1400–1482), sculptor, the most famous member of a family of artists. Two of his famous works are ''The Nativity'' (c. 1460) and ''Madonna and Child'' (c. 1475)
* [[Bernardo Rossellino]] (1409–1464), sculptor and architect. He was among the most distinguished Florentine marble sculptors in the second half of the 15th century
* [[Giuseppe Sanmartino]] (1720–1793), sculptor; his masterpiece in this genre is the four ''Virtues of Charles of Bourbon'' (1763–4)
* [[Andrea Sansovino]] (c. 1467 – 1529), sculptor; his statues and reliefs for church decoration, such as the ''Virgin and Child with St. Anne'' (1512) at San Agostino, were greatly admired
* [[Pietro Torrigiano]] (1472–1528), sculptor; his gilt bronze masterpiece, the tomb of King [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] and his [[Elizabeth of York|queen]], is preserved in [[Westminster Abbey]]
* [[Vecchietta]] (1410–1480), painter, sculptor, goldsmith, architect and military engineer. One of the most influential artists of the early Renaissance
* [[Alessandro Vittoria]] (1525–1608), sculptor. He was celebrated for his portrait busts and decorative work, much of which was created for the restoration of the [[Doge's Palace, Venice|Doge's Palace]]
* [[Vittorio Santoro]] (born 1962), Italian/Swiss artist working in sculptures, installations, audio works, works on paper, real-time activities and artist books.
== Sport people ==
{{See also|Category:Italian sportspeople}}
* [[Giacomo Agostini]] (born 1942), motorcycle racer
* [[Fabian Aichner]] (born 1990), professional wrestler
* [[Mario Andretti]] (born 1940), four-time [[IndyCar]] and [[F1]] world champion; one of only two drivers to win races in F1, IndyCar, [[World Sportscar Championship]] and [[NASCAR]]; His record includes 109 career wins on major circuits.
* [[Alberto Ascari]] (1918–1955), automobile racing driver; world champion driver in 1952 and 1953
* [[Roberto Baggio]] (born 1967), footballer, Italy's all time [[FIFA World Cup]] top scorer, former winner of [[Ballon d’Or]] and [[FIFA World Player of the Year]] (1993)
* [[Stefano Baldini]] (born 1971), retired runner
* [[Jacques Balmat]] (1762–1834), mountaineer, called ''Le Mont Blanc'', often regarded as the "Father of Alpinism"; Together with [[Michel-Gabriel Paccard]], he completed the first ever ascent of [[Mont Blanc]] (1786)
* [[Marco Belinelli]] (born 1986), NBA player for the [[San Antonio Spurs]]
* [[Mario Balotelli]] (born 1990), footballer; 2010 [[European Golden Boy]] and [[Euro 2012]] co-leading scorer
* [[Franco Baresi]] (born 1960), former footballer
* [[Andrea Bargnani]] (born 1985), basketball player with the [[New York Knicks]] of the [[National Basketball Association]]
* [[Gino Bartali]] (1914–2000), cyclist, won the [[Giro d'Italia]] twice (in 1936 and 1937) and the [[Tour de France]] in 1938
* [[Stefania Belmondo]] (born 1969), 10-time Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing
* [[Nino Benvenuti]] (born 1938), former boxer
* [[Giuseppe Bergomi]] (born 1963), former professional footballer
* [[Anton Bernard]] (born 1989), professional ice hockey
* [[Lorenzo Bernardi]] (born 1968), volleyball player; Elected by the [[FIVB]] "Volleyball Player of the Century" in 2001
* [[Matteo Berrettini]] (born 1996), tennis player
* [[Paolo Bettini]] (born 1974), road racing cyclist
* [[Nino Bibbia]] (1922–2013), one of [[skeleton]]'s great, Italy's first Winter Olympic gold medalist. In his illustrious career, he earned 231 golds, 97 silvers, and 84 bronzes; The World's most prestigious race is named after him
* [[Pierluigi Bini]], rock climber
* [[Leonardo Bonucci]] (born 1987), football player
* [[Gianluigi Buffon]] (born 1978), footballer; goalkeeper.
* [[Tony Cairoli]] (born 1985), eight-time Grand Prix [[motocross]] world champion; record of 144 races wins and 72 Grand Prix wins make him the second most successful in motocross history
* [[Roberto Cammarelle]] (born 1980), former boxer
* [[Fabio Cannavaro]] (born 1973), footballer; centre back; won the [[FIFA World Player of the Year]] award in 2006.
* [[Primo Carnera]] (1906–1967), heavyweight boxing champion of the world
* [[Jury Chechi]] (born 1969), gymnast, nicknamed "The Lord of the Rings"; first athlete in the sport to win five consecutive world championships gold medals in the same event
* [[Pierluigi Collina]] (born 1960), football referee
* [[Deborah Compagnoni]] (born 1970), alpine skier; won three gold medals at the [[1992 Winter Olympics|1992]], [[1994 Winter Olympics|1994]] and [[1998 Winter Olympics]]
* [[Fausto Coppi]] (1919–1960), cyclist; successes earned him the title ''Il Campionissimo'', or ''champion of champions''
* [[Umberto De Morpurgo]] (1896–1961), tennis player, highest world ranking # 8, Olympic bronze (singles)
* [[Alessandro Del Piero]] (born 1974), footballer
* [[Frankie Dettori]] (born 1970)
* [[Klaus Dibiasi]] (born 1947), diver, the only Olympic diver to have won three successive gold medals and the only one to win medals at four Summer Olympics
* [[Alessio Di Chirico]] (born 1989), mixed martial arts fighter
* [[Giuseppe Farina]] (1906–1966), racing driver; first [[Formula One]] World Champion
* [[Enzo Ferrari]] (1898–1988), race car driver and entrepreneur, founder of the [[Scuderia Ferrari]] [[Grand Prix motor racing]] team
* [[Domenico Fioravanti]] (born 1977), retired swimmer
* [[Roland Fischnaller (snowboarder)|Roland Fischnaller]] (born 1980), snowboarder
* [[Giancarlo Fisichella]] (born 1973), former Formula One driver
* [[Fabio Fognini]] (born 1987), professional tennis player
* [[Danilo Gallinari]] (born 1988), No.6 pick in the [[2008 NBA Draft]], NBA player for [[Oklahoma City Thunder]]
* [[Maurice Garin]] (1871–1957), first giant of Italian cycling, known for winning the inaugural [[Tour de France]] in 1903
* [[Andrea Giani]] (born 1970), coach and retired volleyball player
* [[Camila Giorgi]] (born 1991), tennis player
* [[Antonio Giovinazzi]] (born 1993), racing driver currently competing for [[Alfa Romeo Racing]] in Formula One
* [[Paul Hildgartner]] (born 1952), luger
* [[Josefa Idem]] (born 1964), one of sprint canoeing's legends, winner of 38 international medals among [[Olympic Games]], World and European Championships; Her eight [[Olympic appearances]] is a female record
* [[Christof Innerhofer]] (born 1984), alpine skier, won the men's [[Super Giant Slalom skiing|Super-G]] at the world Alpine championships in [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen]], Germany
* [[Duilio Loi]] (1929–2008), boxer
* [[Paolo Maldini]] (born 1968), footballer; centre back.
* [[Edoardo Mangiarotti]] (1919–2012), won more Olympic titles and World championships than any other fencer in history
* [[Giuseppe Meazza]] (1910–1979), footballer
* [[Dino Meneghin]] (born 1950), basketball player
* [[Pietro Mennea]] (1952–2013), sprinter and politician; was the 1980 Moscow Olympic 200 meter champion, and also held the 200 m world record for 17 years
* [[Reinhold Messner]] (born 1944), mountaineer and explorer
* [[Stefano Modena]] (born 1963), racing driver from Italy, [[FIA European Formula Three Cup]] champion in 1986 and [[International Formula 3000]] champion in 1987; participated in 81 [[Formula One]] Grands Prix during the years 1987–1992
* [[Francesco Molinari]] (born 1982), professional golfer
* [[Eugenio Monti]] (1928–2003), bobsledder, most successful athlete in the history of bobsled with 9 World championship gold medals and 6 Olympic medals, and first ever to receive the [[Pierre de Coubertin medal]]
* [[Uberto De Morpurgo]] (1896–1961), Austrian-born Italian tennis player
* [[Carlton Myers]] (born 1971), basketball player
* [[Nedo Nadi]] (1894–1940), fencer; only one to win a gold medal in each of the three weapons at a single Olympic Games
* [[Alessandro Nesta]] (born 1976), footballer; defender
* [[Vincenzo Nibali]] (born 1984), professional road bicycle racer
* [[Tazio Nuvolari]] (1892–1953), motorcycle and racecar driver
* [[Patrizio Oliva]] (born 1959), former boxer
* [[Marco Pantani]] (1970–2004), cyclist, won both the [[Tour de France]], cycling's premier road race, and the [[Giro d'Italia]] in 1998
* [[Dominik Paris]] (born 1989), alpine skier
* [[Sergio Parisse]] (born 1983), rugby union player
* [[Umberto Pelizzari]] (born 1965), free diver
* [[Felix Peselj]] (born 1990), World Cup Nordic combined skier
* [[Giorgio Petrosyan]] (born 1985), kickboxer
* [[Andrea Pirlo]] (born 1979), footballer
* [[Gianmarco Pozzecco]] (born 1972), basketball player, an all-around offensive talent; won, for seven years, the ranking for the top assist men in the Italian League
* [[Gaetano Poziello]] (born 1975), footballer
* [[Gianni Rivera]] (born 1943), former footballer
* [[Costantino Rocca]] (born 1956), most successful male golfer that Italy has produced
* [[Antonio Rossi]] (born 1968), sprint canoer who has competed since the early 1990s
* [[Paolo Rossi]] (born 1956), footballer; is listed among Pelé's 125 all-time greatest footballers
* [[Valentino Rossi]] (born 1979), motorcycle racer; one of the most successful motorcycle racers of all time
* [[Clemente Russo]] (born 1982), boxer
* [[Alessio Sakara]] (born 1981), mixed martial arts fighter
* [[Alex Schwazer]] (born 1984), race walker
* [[Sara Simeoni]] (born 1953), high jumper; won a gold medal at the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] and twice set a world record in the women's high jump
* [[Jannik Sinner]] (born 2001), tennis player
* [[Limbergo Taccola]] (1928–2003), footballer
* [[Francesco Tagliani]] (1914–?), fotballer
* [[Marco Tardelli]] (born 1954), former football player and manager
* [[Gustavo Thoeni]] (born 1951), skier; His record of four overall World Cup titles in five years are exceeded only by [[Marc Girardelli]]'s five
* [[Alberto Tomba]] (born 1966), alpine skier, known as ''Tomba la Bomba''; Earned 3 Olympic gold medals and 9 World Cup trophies winning 50 events
* [[Francesco Totti]] (born 1976), footballer
* [[Alex Treves]] (born 1929), Italian-born American Olympic fencer
* [[Jarno Trulli]] (born 1974), former Formula One driver
* [[Ondina Valla]] (1916–2006), athlete; first Italian woman to win an [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] gold medal
* [[Marvin Vettori]] (born 1993), mixed martial arts fighter
* [[Valentina Vezzali]] (born 1974), female fencer; One of only four athletes in the history of the [[Summer Olympic Games]] to have won five medals in the same individual event
* [[Christian Vieri]] (born 1973), footballer; one of the finest strikers in Europe
* [[Dorothea Wierer]] (born 1990), professional biathlete
* [[Alex Zanardi]] (born 1966), racing driver; won two [[Champ Car|CART]] championship titles in North America during the late 1990s
* [[Dino Zoff]] (born 1942), football goalkeeper
* [[Armin Zöggeler]] (born 1974), luger; nicknamed ''Il Cannibale''; first Olympian ever, summer or winter, to win six consecutive medals in the same individual event; also holds a record of 10 World Cup titles and 57 victories
* [[Gianfranco Zola]] (born 1966), footballer; voted Chelsea's best player in the centenary celebrations of 2005
== Writers and philosophers ==
{{see also|List of Italian journalists|List of Italian philosophers|List of Italian writers}}
=== Ancient and Late Antique ===
{{main|Latin literature}}
{{See also|Category:Latin-language writers|Category:Philosophers of Roman Italy}}
* [[Lucius Accius]] (170 BC–c. 86 BC), Roman poet. Author of more than 40 tragedies with subjects taken from [[Greek mythology]]
* [[Livius Andronicus]] (c. 284 BC–c. 204 BC), founder of Roman epic poetry and drama<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/344903/Lucius-Livius-Andronicus "Lucius Livius Andronicus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Arator]] (480/490–?), Christian poet, his best known work, ''De Actibus Apostolorum'', is a verse history of the [[Apostles]]
* [[Boethius]] (470/475–524), Roman scholar, Christian philosopher, and statesman, author of the celebrated ''[[Consolation of Philosophy|De consolatione philosophiae]]''
* [[Cassiodorus]] (490 – c. 585), historian, statesman, and monk who helped to save the [[Culture of ancient Rome|culture of Rome]] at a time of impending barbarism<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/98234/Cassiodorus "Cassiodorus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Catullus]] (c. 84 BC–c. 54 BC), Roman poet whose expressions of love and hatred are generally considered the finest lyric poetry of [[ancient Rome]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100206/Gaius-Valerius-Catullus "Gaius Valerius Catullus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Ennius]] (239 BC–169 BC), epic poet, dramatist, and satirist, the most influential of the early Latin poets, rightly called the founder of Roman literature<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/188565/Quintus-Ennius "Quintus Ennius"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Julius Firmicus Maternus]] (?–?), Christian Latin writer and astrologer
* [[Gaius Valerius Flaccus]] (?–c. 90), Roman poet. He wrote an eight-book epic, the ''Argonautica'', on Jason's fabled quest for the [[Golden Fleece]]
* [[Venantius Fortunatus]] (c. 540 – c. 600), poet and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Poitiers|bishop of Poitiers]], whose Latin poems and hymns combine echoes of [[classical Latin]] poets with [[Medieval literature|medieval tone]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/214309/Venantius-Fortunatus "Venantius Fortunatus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Sextus Julius Frontinus]] (c. 40–103), Roman administrator and writer. His most famous work ''[[De aquaeductu]]'', in two books written after he was appointed curator of the Roman water-supply (97)
* [[Aulus Gellius]] (c. 125–after 180), Latin author and grammarian remembered for his miscellany ''Attic Nights'', in which many fragments of lost works are preserved
* [[Horace]] (65 BC–8 BC), Roman poet, outstanding Latin lyric poet and satirist under the emperor [[Augustus]]
* [[Juvenal]] (55/60–127), most powerful of all Roman satiric poets<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/308974/Juvenal "Juvenal"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Livy]] (59/64 BC–AD 17), one of the great Roman historians<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/344974/Livy "Livy"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Lucretius]] (c. 99 BC–c. 55 BC), Roman poet and philosopher known for his single, long poem, ''[[De rerum natura]]''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/350683/Lucretius "Lucretius"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Gnaeus Naevius]] (c. 270 BC–c. 200 BC), second of a triad of early Latin epic poets and dramatists, between Livius Andronicus and Ennius<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/401487/Gnaeus-Naevius "Gnaeus Naevius"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Cornelius Nepos]] (c. 100 BC–c. 25 BC), Roman biographer. His only extant work is a collection of biographies, mostly from a lost larger work, ''De Viris Illustribus'' (on illustrious men)
* [[Ovid]] (43 BC–17 AD), Roman poet noted especially for his ''[[Ars amatoria]]'' and ''[[Metamorphoses]]''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/436057/Ovid "Ovid"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Persius]] (34–62), Roman satirist, author of six satires, which show the influence of Horace and of [[Stoicism]] and which were imitated by [[John Donne]] and translated by [[John Dryden]] (1692)<ref>Drabble, Margaret. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pcIUAQAAIAAJ&q= ''The Oxford companion to English literature'']. Oxford University, 2006. p. 781. Web. 17 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Petronius]] (d. 66 AD), reputed author of the ''[[Satyricon]]'', a literary portrait of Roman society of the 1st century AD<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/454501/Gaius-Petronius-Arbiter "Gaius Petronius Arbiter"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Plautus]] (c. 254 BC–184 BC), Roman comic dramatist, whose works, loosely adapted from Greek plays, established a truly Roman drama in the [[Latin language]]
* [[Pliny the Elder]] (23–79), Roman savant and author of the celebrated ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/464822/Pliny-the-Elder "Pliny the Elder"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pliny the Younger]] (61/62–c. 113),<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/464843/Pliny-the-Younger "Pliny the Younger"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref> Roman author and administrator
* [[Sextus Propertius]] (55/43 BC–16 BC), elegiac poet of [[ancient Rome]]
* [[Gaius Musonius Rufus]] (1st century AD), Roman Stoic philosopher, known as the teacher of [[Epictetus]]
* [[Sallust]] (86 BC–35/34 BC), Roman historian and one of the great Latin literary stylists<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/519466/Sallust "Sallust"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Silius Italicus]] (c. 26–102), Roman poet and politician. He was the author of the longest surviving Latin poem, ''[[Punica (poem)|Punica]]'', an epic in 17 books on the [[Second Punic War]] (218–202 BC)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/544446/Silius-Italicus "Silius Italicus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 17 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Statius]] (c. 45–c. 96), one of the principal Roman epic and lyric poets of the Silver Age of [[Latin literature]] (18–133)
* [[Suetonius]] (69–after 122), Roman biographer and antiquarian whose writings include ''De viris illustribus'' and ''[[The Twelve Caesars|De vita Caesarum]]''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/571641/Suetonius "Suetonius"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] (c. 345–402), Roman statesman, [[orator]] and writer who was a leading opponent of [[Christianity]]
* [[Tibullus]] (c. 55 BC–c. 19 BC), Roman poet
* [[Marcus Terentius Varro]] (116 BC–27 BC), scholar and satirist, known for his ''Saturae Menippeae''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/623569/Marcus-Terentius-Varro "Marcus Terentius Varro"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Marcus Velleius Paterculus]] (c. 19 BC–c. AD 31), Roman historian. Author of a short history of Rome which he wrote to commemorate the consulship of his friend Marcus Vinicius (AD 30)
* [[Virgil]] (70 BC–19 BC), Roman poet, known for his national epic, the ''[[Aeneid]]''
=== The Middle Ages ===
{{main|Italian literature}}
{{See also|Category:Italian writers|Category:Italian philosophers}}
* [[Albertanus of Brescia]] (c. 1195 – c. 1251), Latin prose writer; known work is ''Liber consolationis et consilii'' ("The book of consolation and council")
* [[Dante Alighieri]] (1265–1321), poet; known for the epic poem ''[[The Divine Comedy]]''
* [[Cecco Angiolieri]] (c. 1260 – c. 1312), poet who is considered by some the first master of Italian comic verse<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/24651/Cecco-Angiolieri "Cecco Angiolieri"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Anselm of Canterbury]] (1033–1109), founder of [[Scholasticism]]; he was one of the most important Christian thinkers of the 11th century
* [[Thomas Aquinas]] (c. 1225 – 1274), philosopher and theologian in the scholastic tradition; his most influential work is the ''[[Summa Theologica]]'' (1265–1274) which consists of three parts<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/31211/Saint-Thomas-Aquinas "Saint Thomas Aquinas"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Bonaventure]] (1221–1274), leading medieval theologian, philosopher, minister general of the [[Franciscan order]] and [[Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano|cardinal bishop of Albano]]. He wrote several works on the spiritual life
* [[Boncompagno da Signa]] (c. 1165/1175–1240), philosopher, grammarian and historian
* [[Guido Cavalcanti]] (c. 1255 – 1300), poet, a major figure among the Florentine poets
* [[Gioacchino da Fiore]] (1130–1202), theologian, mystic and esotericist. His thoughts inspired many philosophical movements as the [[Joachimites]] and the [[Florians]]
* [[Dino Compagni]] (c. 1255 – 1324), historical writer and political figure
* [[Pietro d'Abano]] (1257–1315), physician, philosopher, and astrologer
* [[Bonvesin da la Riva]] (c. 1240 – c. 1313), poet and writer
* [[Francis of Assisi]] (1181/1182–1226), founder of the [[Franciscan]] orders of the Friars Minor
* [[Giacomo da Lentini]] (''fl.'' 13th century), poet. He is traditionally credited with the invention of the [[sonnet]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/232894/Giacomo-da-Lentini "Giacomo Da Lentini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Guido delle Colonne]] (c. 1215 – c. 1290), jurist, poet, and Latin prose writer; author of a prose narrative of the [[Trojan War]] entitled ''[[Historia destructionis Troiae]]'' (completed about 1287)
* [[Guido Guinizelli]] (c. 1230 – 1276), considered a precursor of Dante and the originator of the so-called ''[[dolce stil novo]]'', or sweet new style<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404702698.html "Guido Guinizzelli"] ''Encyclopedia of World Biography''. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Guittone d'Arezzo]] (c. 1235 – 1294), poet and the founder of the Tuscan School
* [[Jacobus de Voragine]] (1228/30–1298), [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa|archbishop of Genoa]], chronicler, and author of the ''[[Golden Legend]];'' one of the most popular religious works of the [[Middle Ages]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/299131/Jacobus-de-Voragine "Jacobus De Voragine"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Jacopone da Todi]] (c. 1230 – 1306), [[Franciscan]] poet; he wrote many ardent, mystical poems and is probably the author of the [[Latin]] poem ''[[Stabat Mater Dolorosa]]''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/299148/Jacopone-da-Todi "Jacopone Da Todi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Lanfranc]] (c. 1005 – 1089), philosopher and theologian
* [[Brunetto Latini]] (c. 1220 – 1294), philosopher, scholar and statesman; wrote, in [[French language|French]], ''Li livres dou tresor'', the first [[vernacular]] [[encyclopedia]]
* [[Peter Lombard]] (c. 1100 – 1160), theologian; his philosophical work, the ''[[Four Books of Sentences]]'', was the standard [[theological]] text of the Middle Ages<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Peter_Lombard.aspx "Peter Lombard"] ''Encyclopedia of World Biography''. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Marsilius of Padua]] (1270–1342), political philosopher, whose work ''[[Defensor pacis]]'' ("Defender of the Peace"), one of the most revolutionary of medieval documents
* [[Matthew of Aquasparta]] (1240–1302), Franciscan and scholastic philosopher
* [[Michael of Cesena]] (c. 1270 – 1342), Franciscan, general of that Order, and theologian
* [[Thomas of Celano]] (c. 1200 – c. 1255), Friar Minor and poet; author of three [[Hagiography|hagiographies]] about Saint Francis of Assisi
* [[Giovanni Villani]] (c. 1275 – 1348), chronicler whose European attitude to history foreshadowed [[Humanism]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/629121/Giovanni-Villani "Giovanni Villani"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
=== Humanism and the Renaissance ===
* [[Pietro Aretino]] (1492–1556), writer and satirist; known for his literary attacks on his wealthy and powerful contemporaries and for six volumes of letters
* [[Ludovico Ariosto]] (1474–1533), poet remembered for his epic poem ''[[Orlando furioso]]'' (1516)
* [[Pietro Bembo]] (1470–1547), cardinal who wrote one of the earliest [[Italian grammar]]s and assisted in establishing the Italian literary language<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/60259/Pietro-Bembo "Pietro Bembo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Francesco Berni]] (1497/98–1535), poet; important for the distinctive style of his Italian [[Burlesque (literary)|burlesque]], which was called bernesco and imitated by many poets<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62525/Francesco-Berni "Francesco Berni"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] (1313–1375), poet and scholar, author of ''[[De mulieribus claris]]'', the ''[[Decameron]]'' and poems in the vernacular
* [[Matteo Maria Boiardo]] (1440/41–1494), poet whose ''[[Orlando innamorato]]'', the first poem to combine elements of both Arthurian and Carolingian traditions of romance<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/71737/Matteo-Maria-Boiardo-Conte-di-Scandiano "Matteo Maria Boiardo, count di Scandiano"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Botero]] (c. 1544 – 1617), philosopher and diplomat, known for his work ''[[The Reason of State]]'' (1589)
* [[Luigi Da Porto]] (1485–1530), writer and storiographer, better known as the author of the novel ''Novella novamente ritrovata'' with the story of [[Romeo and Juliet]], later adapted by [[William Shakespeare]] for his famous drama
* [[Leonardo Bruni]] (c. 1370 – 1444), a leading historian of his time. He wrote ''History of the Florentine People'' (1414–15); is generally considered the first modern work of history
* [[Giordano Bruno]] (1548–1600), philosopher; his major metaphysical works, ''De la causa, principio, et Uno'' (1584) and ''De l'infinito universo et Mondi'' (1584), were published in France
* [[Giulio Camillo]] (c. 1480 – 1544), philosopher; known for his ''theatre'', described in his posthumously published work ''L’Idea del Theatro''
* [[Baldassare Castiglione]] (1478–1529), courtier, diplomat and writer, known for his dialogue ''[[The Book of the Courtier]]'' ; one of the great books of its time<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Baldassare_Conte_Castiglione.aspx "Castiglione, Baldassare"] ''Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World''. Web. 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Francesco Colonna (writer)|Francesco Colonna]] (1433–1527), author of [[Hypnerotomachia Poliphili]].
* [[Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)|Cesare Cremonini]] (1550–1631), Aristotelian philosopher at Padua University
* [[Mario Equicola]] (c. 1470 – 1525), writer; author of ''Libro de natura de amore'' (1525) and ''Istituzioni del comporre in ogni sorta di rima della lingua volgare'' (1541)
* [[Marsilio Ficino]] (1433–1499), philosopher; his chief work was ''Theologia Platonica de immortalitate animae'' (1482), in which he combined Christian theology and Neoplatonic elements
* [[Francesco Filelfo]] (1398–1481), writer; author of pieces in prose, published under the title ''Convivia Mediolanensia'', and a great many [[Latin]] translations from the [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Veronica Franco]] (1546–1591), poet and high-ranking courtesan; famous in her day for her intellectual and artistic accomplishments
* [[Giovanni Battista Guarini]] (1538–1612), poet who, with Torquato Tasso, is credited with establishing the form of a new [[literary genre]], the [[pastoral]] drama<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/247948/Battista-Guarini "Battista Guarini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 13 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Francesco Guicciardini]] (1483–1540), historian; author of the most important contemporary ''History of Italy'' (1537/1540); the masterwork of Italian historical literature of the [[Renaissance]]
* [[Cristoforo Landino]] (1424–1498), writer; he wrote three works framed as philosophical dialogues: ''De anima'' (1453), ''De vera nobilitate'' (1469), and the ''Disputationes Camaldulenses'' (c. 1474)
* [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] (1469–1527), political philosopher and writer; known for his ''[[The Prince]]'' (written in 1513 and published in 1532); one of the world's most famous essays on [[political science]]
* [[Giannozzo Manetti]] (1396–1459), politician and diplomat; significant scholar of the early Italian Renaissance
* [[Girolamo Mei]] (1519–1594), writer; his treatise ''De modis musicis antiquorum'' (a study of ancient Greek music) greatly influenced the ideas of the [[Florentine Camerata]]
* [[Guidobaldo del Monte]] (1545–1607), mathematician, philosopher and astronomer; known for his work ''Mechanicorum Liber'' (1577)
* [[Gianfrancesco Straparola]] (1480–1557), writer, whose collection of 75 stories ''Le piacevoli notti'' contains the first known versions of many popular fairy tales. Along with [[Giambattista Basile|Basile]], he set the standards for the literary form of [[fairy tale]]
* [[Agostino Nifo]] (c. 1473 – 1538 or 1545), philosopher and commentator; his principal works are: ''De intellectu et daemonibus'' (1492) and ''De immortalitate animi'' (1518/1524)
* [[Marius Nizolius]] (1498–1576), philosopher and scholar; his major work was the ''Thesaurus Ciceronianus'', published in 1535
* [[Franciscus Patricius]] (1529–1597), philosopher and scientist. His two great works: ''Discussionum peripateticorum libri XV'' (1571) and ''Nova de universis philosophia'' (1591)
* [[Petrarch]] (1304–1374), scholar and poet; his ''[[Il Canzoniere]]'' had enormous influence on the poets of the 15th and 16th centuries
* [[Alessandro Piccolomini]] (1508–1579), philosopher; his works include ''Il Dialogo della bella creanza delle donne, o Raffaella'' (1539) and the comedies ''Amor costante'' (1536) and ''Alessandro'' (1544)
* [[Giovanni Pico della Mirandola]] (1463–1494), scholar and [[Platonist]] philosopher; his ''[[Oration on the Dignity of Man]]'' (1486) is better known than any other philosophical text of the 15th century
* [[Bartolomeo Platina]] (1421–1481), writer and gastronomist. Author of ''Lives of the Popes'' (1479); the first systematic handbook of papal history and ''On honourable pleasure and health'' (1465); the world's first printed cookbook
* [[Poliziano]] (1454–1494), poet and philologist; among his works: ''Stanze per la giostra'' (incomplete) and ''Orfeo'' (1475)
* [[Pietro Pomponazzi]] (1462–1525), philosopher; his principal work is ''On the Immortality of the Soul'' (1516)
* [[Simone Porzio]] (1496–1554), philosopher. His principal works are: ''An homo bonus, vel malus volens fiat'' (1551) and ''De mente humana'' (1551)
* [[Francesco Pucci]] (1543–1597), philosopher; author of ''Forma d'una repubblica cattolica'' (1581)
* [[Luigi Pulci]] (1432–1484), poet; he ridiculed the heroic poems of his time in his mock epic ''[[Morgante]]'' (1478, 1483)
* [[Ottavio Rinuccini]] (1562–1621), poet, courtier and opera librettist
* [[Coluccio Salutati]] (1331–1406), philosopher, man of letters and a skilled writer; Coluccio drew heavily upon the [[Classics|classical tradition]]
* [[Jacopo Sannazaro]] (1456–1530), poet; author of ''Arcadia'' (1501–1504), first pastoral romance<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/522609/Jacopo-Sannazzaro "Jacopo Sannazzaro"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Julius Caesar Scaliger]] (1484–1558), scholar; author of ''De causis linguae Latinae'' (1540) and ''[[Poetics (Julius Caesar Scaliger)|Poetics]]'' (1561)<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Julius_Caesar_Scaliger.aspx "Scaliger, Julius Caesar"] ''The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature''. Web. 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Sperone Speroni]] (1500–1588), philosopher and scholar; he was one of the central members of [[Padua]]'s literary academy, [[Accademia degli Infiammati]], and wrote on both moral and literary matters
* [[Torquato Tasso]] (1544–1595), poet, one of the foremost writers of the Renaissance, celebrated for his heroic epic poem ''[[Jerusalem Delivered]]'' (1581)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/584002/Torquato-Tasso "Torquato Tasso"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Bernardino Telesio]] (1509–1588), philosopher; his chief work was ''De rerum natura iuxta propria principia'' (1565), marked the period of transition from Aristotelianism to modern thought
* [[Gian Giorgio Trissino]] (1478–1550), literary theorist, philologist, dramatist, and poet, an important innovator in Italian drama<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/605899/Gian-Giorgio-Trissino "Gian Giorgio Trissino"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Lorenzo Valla]] (1407–1457), rhetorician, and educator who attacked medieval traditions and anticipated views of the Protestant reformers
* [[Lucilio Vanini]] (1585–1619), philosopher; author of ''Amphitheatrum Aeternae Providentiae Divino-Magicum'' (1615) and ''De Admirandis Naturae Reginae Deaeque Mortalium Arcanis'' (1616)
* [[Benedetto Varchi]] (1502/1503–1565), poet and historian; known for his work ''Storia fiorentina'' (16 vol.), published only in 1721
* [[Giorgio Vasari]] (1511–1574), writer, architect and painter, known for his entertaining [[biographies]] of artists, ''Le Vite de' più eccellenti architetti, pittori, et scultori italiani'' (1550)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/623661/Giorgio-Vasari "Giorgio Vasari"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Nicoletto Vernia]] (1442–1499), [[Averroist]] philosopher, at the [[University of Padua]]
* [[Giovanni della Casa]] (1503–1556), poet, writer and diplomat. His [[Il Galateo]] (1558), the most celebrated etiquette book in European history, set the foundation for modern etiquette, polite behavior and manners literature<ref>{{cite book|last=D'Urso|first=Valentina|title=Le Buone Maniere|year=1997|publisher=Il Mulino|location=Bologna|pages=119}}</ref>
=== The Baroque period and the Enlightenment ===
* [[Claudio Achillini]] (1574–1640), poet and jurist; one of the better known Marinisti
* [[Vittorio Alfieri]] (1749–1803), tragic poet; from 1775 to 1787, wrote 19 verse [[tragedie]]s; his works include ''Filippo'' (1775), ''Oreste'' (1786) and ''Mirra'' (1786)
* [[Francesco Algarotti]] (1712–1764), philosopher and art critic; author of a number of stimulating essays on the subjects of [[architecture]] (1753), the [[opera]] (1755), and [[painting]] (1762)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/14876/Francesco-Algarotti "Francesco Algarotti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Maria Gaetana Agnesi]] (1718–1799), philosopher and mathematician; first woman to write a mathematics handbook and first woman as mathematics professor in a university<ref>[http://womenshistory.about.com/od/sciencemath1/a/maria_agnesi.html WOMEN'S HISTORY CATEGORIES]{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, About Education</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti]] (1719–1789), literary critic; author of ''Italian Library'' (1757)
* [[Giambattista Basile]] (c. 1575 – 1632), poet; his collection of 50 short stories [[Pentamerone]] (1634–6), provided the content later borrowed by [[Charles Perrault]] and [[Brothers Grimm]]. With [[Straparola]], he is one of the two fathers of fairy tale tradition
* [[Cesare Beccaria]] (1738–1794), philosopher, criminologist and jurist; works include his treatise ''[[Dei delitti e delle pene]]'' (1763–4)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/57861/Cesare-Beccaria "Cesare Beccaria"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Saverio Bettinelli]] (1718–1808), writer; author of ''Lettere dieci di Virgilio agli Arcadi'' (1758)
* [[Tommaso Campanella]] (1568–1639), [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] philosopher and writer; remembered for his socialistic work ''[[The City of the Sun]]'' (1602)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/91122/Tommaso-Campanella "Tommaso Campanella"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Lorenzo Maria Casaregi]] (1670–1737), jurist and advocate
* [[Melchiorre Cesarotti]] (1730–1808), poet and translator; author of ''Essay on the Philosophy of Taste'' (1785) and ''Essay on the Philosophy of Languages'' (1785)
* [[Elena Cornaro Piscopia]] (1646–1684), philosopher, first woman to graduate from a university with a doctorate
* [[Lorenzo Da Ponte]] (1749–1838), poet and librettist; his most important librettos were for Mozart: ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'' (1786), ''[[Don Giovanni]]'' (1787), and ''[[Così fan tutte]]'' (1790)
* [[Carlo Denina]] (1731–1813), historian; author of ''Delle rivoluzioni d'Italia'' (1769–70) and ''Delle revoluzioni della Germania'' (1804)
* [[Gaetano Filangieri]] (1752–1788), economist and state adviser; he is known for his work, ''The Science of Legislation'' (vols. 1–7; 1780–85)
* [[Ferdinando Galiani]] (1728–1787), economist; he published two treatises, ''[[Della Moneta]]'' (1750) and ''Dialogues sur le commerce des blés'' (1770)
* [[Antonio Genovesi]] (1712–1769), writer and political; author of ''Disciplinarum Metaphysicarum Elementa'' (1743–52) and ''Logica'' (1745)
* [[Pietro Giannone]] (1676–1748), historian and jurist; his most important work was his ''Il Triregno, ossia del regno del cielo, della terra, e del papa'' ; published only in 1895
* [[Carlo Goldoni]] (1707–1793), playwright; wrote more than 260 dramatic works of all sorts, including [[opera]]
* [[Gasparo Gozzi]] (1713–1786), poet, critic and journalist. His principal writings are: ''Lettere famigliari'' (1755), ''Il Mondo morale'' (1760) and ''Osservatore Veneto periodico'' (1761)
* [[Giovanni Battista Guarini]] (1538–1612), poet and theoretician of literature; his best-known work is ''[[Il pastor fido]]'' (1590), a pastoral tragicomedy
* [[Scipione Maffei]] (1675–1755), writer and art critic; his most important works: ''Conclusioni di amore'' (1702), ''La scienza cavalleresca'' (1710) and ''De fabula equestris ordinis Constantiniani'' (1712)
* [[Giambattista Marino]] (1569–1625), poet. Founder of the school of [[Marinism]] (later ''Secentismo''); among his principal works is ''L'Adone'' (1623), a long narrative poem
* [[Metastasio]] (1698–1782), poet and librettist; considered the most important writer of [[opera seria]] libretti. His melodrama ''Attilio Regolo'' (1750) is generally considered his masterpiece
* [[Ludovico Antonio Muratori]] (1672–1750), historian; author of ''Antiquitates Italicae Medii Aevi'' (6 vols; 1738–42) and ''Annali d'Italia'' (12 vols; 1744–49)
* [[Ferrante Pallavicino]] (1615–1644) satirist and novelist; his most important works: ''Baccinata ouero battarella per le api barberine'' (1642) and ''La Retorica delle puttane'' (1643)
* [[Giuseppe Parini]] (1729–1799), prose writer and poet; author of ''Dialogo sopra la nobiltà'' (1757) and ''Il giorno'' (4 books, 1763–1801)
* [[Cesare Ripa]] (c. 1560 – c. 1622), aesthetician and writer; author of the ''Iconologia overo Descrittione Dell’imagini Universali cavate dall’Antichità et da altri luoghi'' (1593), an influential [[emblem book]]
* [[Paolo Vergani]] (1753–1820), economist of the Papal States
* [[Alessandro Verri]] (1741–1816), novelist and reformer; author of ''Le avventure di Saffo poetessa di Mitilene'' (1782), ''Notti romane al sepolcro degli Scipioni'' (1792–1804) and ''La vita di Erostrato'' (1815)
* [[Pietro Verri]] (1728–1797), political economist and writer; his chief works are: ''Riflessioni sulle leggi vincolanti'' (1769) and ''Meditazioni sull' economia politica'' (1771)
* [[Giambattista Vico]] (1668–1744), philosopher and historian; his major theories were developed in his ''Scienza nuova'' (1725)
=== The 1800s ===
* [[Giuseppe Gioacchino Belli]] (1791–1863), poet; he described the vast panorama of Roman society in colorful dialect
* [[Giovanni Berchet]] (1783–1851), patriot and poet; he wrote stirring patriotic ballads of a romantic type and rhymed romances, such as ''Giulia'' and ''Matilde''
* [[Luigi Capuana]] (1839–1915), critic and novelist; among his best works are the short stories in ''Paesane'' (1894) and the novel ''Il marchese di Roccaverdina'' (1901)
* [[Giosuè Carducci]] (1835–1907), poet, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1906, and one of the most influential literary figures of his age<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/95672/Giosue-Carducci "Giosuè Carducci"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Carlo Collodi]] (1826–1890), author and journalist, best known as the creator of the canonical piece of children's literature and world's most translated non-religious book ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio]]''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/125888/C-Collodi "C. Collodi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]] (1863–1938), poet, military hero and political leader; author of ''Il piacere'' (1889), ''L'innocente'' (1892), ''Giovanni Episcopo'' (1892) and ''Il trionfo della morte'' (1894)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/151126/Gabriele-DAnnunzio "Gabriele D’Annunzio"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Edmondo De Amicis]] (1846–1908), novelist and short-story writer; his most important work is the sentimental [[Children's literature|children's story]] ''[[Heart (novel)|Heart]]'' (1886)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/153293/Edmondo-De-Amicis "Edmondo De Amicis"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Federico De Roberto]] (1861–1927), writer; known for his novel ''I Vicerè'' (1894)
* [[Francesco de Sanctis (critic)|Francesco de Sanctis]] (1817–1883), historian and literary critic; important works are his ''Saggi critici'' (1866) and his ''[[Storia della letteratura italiana (De Sanctis)|Storia della letteratura italiana]]'' (1870–71)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/154016/Francesco-De-Sanctis "Francesco De Sanctis"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Antonio Fogazzaro]] (1842–1911), novelist and poet; his famous ''Piccolo mondo antico'' (1896), it is considered one of the great Italian novels of the 19th century
* [[Ugo Foscolo]] (1778–1827), poet and patriot; his popular novel ''The Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis'' (1802) bitterly denounced [[Napoleon]]'s cession of Venetia to Austria<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/214481/Ugo-Foscolo "Ugo Foscolo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Vincenzo Gioberti]] (1801–1852), philosopher and political writer; his most celebrated work is ''Del primato morale e civile degli italiani'' (1843)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/233999/Vincenzo-Gioberti "Vincenzo Gioberti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Giusti]] (1809–1850), satirical poet; known for his poem, ''Sant’Ambrogio'' (c. 1846)
* [[Raimondo Guarini]] (1765–1852), archaeologist, epigrapher, poet; authored the first Oscan/Latin dictionary
* [[Francesco Guicciardini (politician)|Francesco Guicciardini]] (1851–1915), member of the Italian cabinet
* [[Giacomo Leopardi]] (1798–1837), poet and philosopher; author of ''Canti'' (1816–37), expressing a deeply pessimistic view of humanity and human nature
* [[Alessandro Manzoni]] (1785–1873), poet and novelist; he is famous for the novel ''[[The Betrothed (Manzoni novel)|The Betrothed]]'', generally ranked among the masterpieces of [[world literature]]
* [[Ippolito Nievo]] (1831–1861), writer and patriot; known for his novel ''Confessioni di un Italiano'', also known as ''Confessioni d'un ottuagenario'' which was published posthumously in 1867
* [[Giovanni Pascoli]] (1855–1912), poet; his works include ''Carmina'' (in [[Latin]], 1914), the more mystical ''Myricae'' (1891) and the patriotic ''Odi e inni'' (1906)
* [[Silvio Pellico]] (1789–1854), dramatic poet; his principal works are ''Francesca da Rimini'' (1818) and ''Le mie prigioni'' (1832)
* [[Antonio Rosmini-Serbati]] (1797–1855), religious philosopher; he is known for his work, ''Nuovo saggio sull’origine delle idee'', published in 1830
* [[Emilio Salgari]] (1862–1911), adventure novelist for the young; creator of popular heroic figure [[Sandokan]]
* [[Niccolò Tommaseo]] (1802–1874), poet and critic; editor of a ''Dizionario della Lingua Italiana'' in eight volumes (1861–74), of a dictionary of synonyms (1830) and other works
* [[Achille Torelli]] (1841–1922), playwright
* [[Giovanni Verga]] (1840–1922), novelist; his works include ''[[Cavalleria rusticana]]'' (1880), ''[[I Malavoglia]]'' (1881), ''Novelle rusticane'' (1883), and ''Mastro-Don Gesualdo'' (1889)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626007/Giovanni-Verga "Giovanni Verga"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
=== The 1900s ===
* [[Nicola Abbagnano]] (1901–1990), author of such books as ''La struttura dell'esistenza'' (1939). He was the first and most important Italian [[existentialist]]
* [[Corrado Alvaro]] (1895–1956), novelist and journalist; author of ''Gente in Aspromonte'', considered by most critics to be his masterpiece
* [[Giulio Angioni]] (1939–2017), novelist and anthropologist
* [[Giorgio Bassani]] (1916–2000), novelist; his most acclaimed work, ''[[The Garden of the Finzi-Continis]]'', published in 1962
* [[Carmelo Bene]] (1937–2002), actor, poet, theater director, film director and screenwriter author of [[One Hamlet Less]], [[Salomè (1972 film)|Salomè]].
* [[Vitaliano Brancati]] (1907–1954), writer; in 1950 won the [[Bagutta Prize]]
* [[Gesualdo Bufalino]] (1920–1996), writer; his novel, ''Le menzogne della notte'' (1988) won the [[Strega Prize]]
* [[Dino Buzzati]] (1906–1972), writer, novelist and painter; his most famous work is a novel, ''[[The Tartar Steppe]]'', published in 1940
* [[Italo Calvino]] (1923–1985), novelist; his trilogy of historical fantasies ''[[The Cloven Viscount]]'' (1952), ''[[The Baron in the Trees]]'' (1957), and ''[[The Nonexistent Knight]]'' (1959) brought him international acclaim
* [[Andrea Camilleri]] (1925–2019), writer; the creator of the popular Inspector [[Salvo Montalbano]]
* [[Dino Campana]] (1885–1932), poet, author of Canti Orfici.
* [[Carlo Cassola]] (1917–1987), neorealist novelist; known for his novel, ''[[Bébo's Girl]]'', published in 1960
* [[Benedetto Croce]] (1866–1952), historian, humanist, and foremost Italian philosopher of the first half of the 20th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143635/Benedetto-Croce "Benedetto Croce"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Erri De Luca]] (born 1950), poet and writer; author of ''Aceto, arcobaleno'' (1992), ''Tre cavalli'' (2000) and ''Montedidio'' (2002)
* [[Grazia Deledda]] (1871–1936), novelist. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1926; her best-known works are ''Elias Portolu'' (1903), ''Cenere'' (1904), and ''La madre'' (1920)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/156461/Grazia-Deledda "Grazia Deledda"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Umberto Eco]] (1932–2016), novelist; internationally known for his novel ''[[The Name of the Rose]]'' (1980)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/178209/Umberto-Eco "Umberto Eco"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Julius Evola]] (1898–1974), philosopher and social thinker; one of the leading exponents of the Hermetic tradition
* [[Oriana Fallaci]] (1929–2006), author, and political interviewer; important works are her ''[[The Rage and the Pride]]'' (2001) and ''[[The Force of Reason]]'' (2004)
* [[Beppe Fenoglio]] (1922–1963), novelist; he is known for his novel ''Il partigiano Johnny'', which was published posthumously (and incomplete) in 1968
* [[Dario Fo]] (1926–2016), satirist, playwright, theater director, actor, and composer. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1997<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/211769/Dario-Fo "Dario Fo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Carlo Emilio Gadda]] (1893–1973), novelist; known novel is ''[[That Awful Mess on Via Merulana]]'' (1957)
* [[Francesco Gaeta (poet)|Francesco Gaeta]] (1879–1927)
* [[Natalia Ginzburg]] (1916–1991), novelist; known for her novels ''La strada che va in città'' (1942), ''È stato così'' (1947) and ''Le voci della sera'' (1961)
* [[Giovannino Guareschi]] (1908–1968), journalist and novelist, known as author of ''The Little World of [[Don Camillo]]'' (tr. 1950) and its sequels
* [[Tommaso Landolfi]] (1908–1979), author and translator; most known and translated work is ''Racconto d'autunno'' (1947)
* [[Carlo Levi]] (1902–1975), writer, painter, and political journalist; known for his book, ''[[Christ Stopped at Eboli]]'', published in 1945<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/337894/Carlo-Levi "Carlo Levi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Primo Levi]] (1919–1987), writer and chemist; his first memoir, ''[[If This Is a Man]]'' has been described as one of the most important works of the 20th century<ref>[http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/sr204/writers.htm Paul O'Brien] ''Socialist Review'' 204 (January 1997). Web. 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Claudio Magris]] (born 1939), writer; author of ''Illazioni su una sciabola'' (1984), ''Danubio'' (1986), ''Stadelmann'' (1988), ''Un altro mare'' (1991) and ''Microcosmi'' (1997)
* [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]] (1876–1944), writer and novelist. The ideological founder of [[Futurism]]; among his works are ''Le Roi Bombance'' (1905) and ''[[Futurist Manifesto]]'' (1909)
* [[Fulvio Melia]] (born 1956), writer and astrophysicist; author of ''Electrodynamics'' (2001), ''The Edge of Infinity. Supermassive Black Holes in the Universe'' (2003), and ''High-Energy Astrophysics'' (2009)
* [[Eugenio Montale]] (1896–1981), poet whose works, which greatly influenced 20th-century Italian literature, include ''Le Occasioni'' (1939) and ''Satura'' (1962). He won the 1975 Nobel Prize for literature
* [[Indro Montanelli]] (1909–2001), journalist and historian, known for his new approach to writing history in books such as ''History of Rome'' (1957) and ''History of the Greeks'' (1959)
* [[Elsa Morante]] (1912–1985), novelist and poet; her most acclaimed work, ''[[History (novel)|History]]'', published in 1974
* [[Alberto Moravia]] (1907–1990), novelist; author of ''[[Gli indifferenti]]'' (1929) and of the anti-fascist novel, ''[[The Conformist]]'' (1951)
* [[Aldo Palazzeschi]] (1885–1974), novelist and poet; known for his novel ''Il codice di Perelà'' published in 1911
* [[Cesare Pavese]] (1908–1950), poet, novelist and translator; his major works include ''Il Compagno'' (1947), ''Tra Donne Sole'' (1948) and ''[[The Moon and the Bonfires]]'' (1949)
* [[Luigi Pirandello]] (1867–1936), writer and dramatist, winner of the 1934 Nobel Prize for Literature; known for a series of novels and the modernist play, ''[[Six Characters in Search of an Author]]''
* [[Vasco Pratolini]] (1913–1991), writer and novelist; his most important literary works are the novels ''Family Diary'' (1947), ''Chronicle of Poor Lovers'' (1947) and ''Metello'' (1955)
* [[Salvatore Quasimodo]] (1901–1968), poet; his works include ''La terra impareggiabile'' (1958) and ''Dare e avere'' (1966). He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1959<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/486541/Salvatore-Quasimodo "Salvatore Quasimodo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Mario Rigoni Stern]] (1921–2008), his major works include ''Il sergente nella neve'' (1953), ''Storia di Tönle'' (1978) and ''Le stagioni di Giacomo'' (1995)
* [[Gianni Rodari]] (1920–1980), writer and journalist; he won the [[Hans Christian Andersen Award]] in 1970
* [[Rafael Sabatini]] (1875–1950), Italian-British writer of novels of romance and adventure. He remains best known for ''[[The Sea Hawk]]'' (1915), ''[[Scaramouche (novel)|Scaramouche]]'' (1921) and ''[[Captain Blood (novel)|Captain Blood]]'' (1922)
* [[Leonardo Sciascia]] (1921–1989), writer; author of ''[[The Day of the Owl]]'' (1961) and ''[[To Each His Own (novel)|To Each His Own]]'' (1966)
* [[Filippo Scòzzari]] (born 1946), novelist and comic writer
* [[Ignazio Silone]] (1900–1978), novelist and journalist; known for his novel ''Fontamara'' (1930); was translated into 14 languages<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/544651/Ignazio-Silone "Ignazio Silone"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Italo Svevo]] (1861–1928), novelist; his best-known work, which has been called Italy's first modernist novel, is ''[[Zeno's Conscience]]'' (1923){{citation needed|date=February 2014}}
* [[Antonio Tabucchi]] (1943–2012), writer; author of ''Notturno Indiano'' (1984) and ''Sostiene Pereira'' (1994)
* [[Susanna Tamaro]] (born 1957), novelist. Known for the [[bestseller]] ''Va' dove ti porta il cuore'' (1994)
* [[Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa]] (1896–1957), novelist; internationally renowned for his work, ''[[The Leopard]]'', published posthumously in 1958<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/598836/Giuseppe-Tomasi-di-Lampedusa "Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pier Vittorio Tondelli]] (1955–1991), writer; author of ''[[Altri Libertini]]'' (1980) and ''[[Dinner Party (play)|Dinner Party]]'' (1994)
* [[Federigo Tozzi]] (1883–1920), writer; known for his novel ''Con gli occhi chiusi'' published in 1919
* [[Giuseppe Ungaretti]] (1888–1970), poet, founder of the Hermetic movement that brought about a reorientation in modern Italian poetry<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/614429/Giuseppe-Ungaretti "Giuseppe Ungaretti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Elio Vittorini]] (1908–1966), novelist; his works, among them ''The Twilight of the Elephant'' (1947) and ''The Red Carnation'' (1948), make a serious attempt to assess the [[Fascist]] experience<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/631368/Elio-Vittorini "Elio Vittorini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
== Other notables ==
* [[Filippo Grandi]] (born 1957), diplomat
* [[Franco Archibugi]] (born 1926), economist and planner
* [[Mike Bongiorno]] (1924–2009), famous American-born Italian game show host
* [[Dario Nardella]] (born 1974), politician
* [[Palizzolo Gravina]], baron of Ramione, 19th century heraldic writer
* [[Lucia Guerrini]] (1921–1990), classical scholar and archaeologist
* [[Barbara Labate]] (born 1970s), entrepreneur, co-founder of the successful shopping site Risparmio Super
* [[Marcel Bich]] (1914–1994), entrepreneur, co-founder of the worldwide famous company [[Société Bic|Bic]]. He created what would become the most popular and best selling pen in the World, [[Bic Cristal]]
* [[Giovanni Agnelli]] (1866–1945), entrepreneur. Founder of the [[Fiat]] (''Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino'') automobile company
* [[Francesco Antonio Broccu]] (1797–1882), artisan. Generally regarded as the inventor of [[Revolver]] (1833)<ref>[http://edicola.unionesarda.it/Articolo.aspx?Data=20101203&Categ=0&Voce=1&IdArticolo=2528176 "La pistola di Colt? La inventò prima Broccu"] ''[[L'Unione Sarda]]''. Web. 5 March 2011. {{in lang|it}}</ref>
* [[Alessandro Cagliostro]] (1743–1795), charlatan, magician, and adventurer who enjoyed enormous success in Parisian high society in the years preceding the [[French Revolution]]
* [[Ambrogio Calepino]] (c. 1440 – 1510), one of the earliest Italian lexicographers, from whose name came the once-common Italian word ''calepino'' and English word ''calepin'', for "[[dictionary]]"
* [[Antonio Benedetto Carpano]] (1764–1815), distiller. Inventor of [[vermouth]] and [[aperitif]] (1786)
* [[Giacomo Casanova]] (1725–1798), adventurer and author, chiefly remembered as the prince of Italian adventurers and as the man who made the name Casanova synonymous with "[[libertine]]"
* [[Bartolomeo Cristofori]] (1655–1731), harpsichord maker generally credited with the invention of the [[piano]] (c. 1700)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143328/Bartolomeo-di-Francesco-Cristofori "Bartolomeo Cristofori"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Francesco Datini]] (1335–1410), merchant whose business and private papers, preserved in [[Prato]], constitute one of the most important archives of the [[economic history]] of the [[Middle Ages]]
* [[Lorenzo de Tonti]] (c. 1602 – c. 1684), banker. The inventor of the system of annuities, now known as the [[tontine]] (1653)
* [[Giuseppe Donati]] (1835–1925), musician. Inventor of the classical [[ocarina]]
* [[Giovanni Falcone]] (1939–1992), magistrate who was specialised in prosecuting ''[[Cosa Nostra]]'' criminals. His life story is quite similar to that of his closest friend [[Paolo Borsellino]]
* [[Rosina Ferrario]] (1888–1957), first Italian woman to receive a pilot's licence in January 1913
* [[Andrea Fogli]], product designer and interior designer
*[[Domingo Ghirardelli|Domenico Ghirardelli]] (1817 – 1894), chocolatier who was the founder of the Ghirardelli Chocolate Company in San Francisco, California.
* [[Jose Greco]] (1918–2000), dancer and choreographer. Popularized Spanish dance in the 1950s and '60s sometimes earning him the title "the world's greatest non-Spanish Spanish dancer".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19720316&id=9qU1AAAAIBAJ&pg=1434,6875239|title=Joe Torchia, The Palm Beach Post – Mar 16, 1972}}{{dead link|date=September 2021}}</ref> The Spanish government knighted him in 1962<ref>[http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/713910/Jose-Greco] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2014, José Greco.</ref>
* [[Johann Maria Farina]] (1685–1766), perfume designer and maker. Inventor of [[Eau de Cologne]] (1709)
* [[Sonia Gandhi]] (born 1946), Italian-born Indian politician and the president of the [[Indian National Congress]], widow of former Prime minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
* [[Ugolino della Gherardesca]] (c. 1220 – 1289), nobleman, whose death by starvation with his sons and grandsons is described by Dante in the ''[[Inferno (Dante)|Inferno]]'' (Canto XXXIII)
* [[John of Montecorvino]] (1246–1328), Franciscan and founder of the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] mission in China
* [[Lisa del Giocondo]] (1479–1542 or c. 1551), her name was given to ''[[Mona Lisa]]'', her [[portrait painting|portrait]] commissioned by her husband and painted by [[Leonardo da Vinci]] during the [[Italian Renaissance]]
* [[Giovanni Paolo Lancelotti]] (1522–1590), jurist
* [[Enrico Mattei]] (1906–1962), public administrator
* [[Philip Mazzei]] (1730–1816), physician, merchant and author, ardent supporter of the [[American Revolution]], and correspondent of [[Thomas Jefferson]]
* [[Francesco Morosini]] (1619–1694), [[doge]] of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] (1688–94), of a family distinguished in Venice for five centuries
* [[Edgardo Mortara]] (1851–1940), priest, central figure in a controversy that arose when at the age of 6 he was forcibly taken from his Jewish parents because a domestic servant had baptized him
* [[Matteo Ricci]] (1552–1610), Italian Jesuit priest and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China Mission
* [[Cola di Rienzo]] (c. 1313 – 1354), popular leader who tried to restore the greatness of [[ancient Rome]]
* [[Sacco and Vanzetti]] case (1888–1927, 1891–1927), controversial murder trial in [[Massachusetts]], United States, extending over seven years, 1920–27, and resulting in the execution of the defendants
* [[Massimo Salvadori]] (1908–1992), historian
* [[Girolamo Savonarola]] (1452–1498), Christian preacher, reformer, and martyr, renowned for his clash with tyrannical rulers and a corrupt clergy
* [[Michela Schiff Giorgini]] (1923–1978), Egyptologist
* [[Maria Signorelli]] (1908–1992), puppet master and puppet collector from Rome
* [[Father Simpliciano of the Nativity]] (1827–1898), founder of the Congregation of the Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Hearts in [[Santa Balbina]]
* [[Emilia Telese]] (born 1973), audio and visual performing artist
* [[Augusto Odone]] (1933–2013, 1939–2000, 1978–2008), noted for the creation of [[Lorenzo's oil]] as a treatment to [[Adrenoleukodystrophy]] after his son, Lorenzo, was diagnosed with the rare and deadly disease.
* [[Luisa Marelli Valazza]] (born 1950), three-star Michelin chef
* [[Simonetta Vespucci]] (c. 1453 – 26 April 1476), nicknamed ''la bella Simonetta'', Italian Renaissance noblewoman from Genoa
* [[Antonio Zabelli]] (1742–1796), engraver
* [[Paola Zancani Montuoro]] (1901–1987), classical archaeologist
== See also ==
{{Portal|Biography|Italy|Lists}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[List of Italian Americans]]
* [[List of people by nationality]]
* [[List of Sardinians]]
* [[List of Sicilians]]
{{div col end}}
{{clear}}
== References ==
{{commons category|Italians}}
{{Italy topics}}
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Italians}}
[[Category:Lists of Italian people|*]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}
{{Tone|date=September 2021}}
{{Italians}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
This is a '''list of [[Italian people|Italians]]''', who are identified with the [[Italy|Italian]] [[nation]] through residential, [[Italian nationality law|legal]], [[History of Italy|historical]], or [[Culture of Italy|cultural means]], grouped by their area of notability.
{{dynamic list|date=January 2013}}
{{TOC right}}
== Acting ==
=== Actors ===
{{main|List of Italian actors}}
* [[Roberto Benigni]] (born 1952), actor, comedian, screenwriter, director, known outside of Italy for directing and acting in the 1997 [[tragicomedy]] ''[[Life is Beautiful]]'', for which he won the [[71st Academy Awards|1999 Oscar]] for Best Actor
*[[Rossano Brazzi]] (1916–1994), actor. was propelled to international fame with his role in the English-language film ''Three Coins in the Fountain'' (1954), followed by the leading male role in David Lean's ''Summertime'' (1955), opposite Katharine Hepburn.
* [[Nino Castelnuovo]] (born 1936), actor. He is most famous for playing opposite Catherine Deneuve in the 1964 film Les Parapluies de Cherbourg [[The Umbrellas of Cherbourg]] and in Italy, for his lead performance in the popular 1967 [[RAI]] TV mini-series [[I Promessi Sposi]].
* [[Tino Caspanello]] (born 1983), actor, playwright, director, and set designer
* [[Gino Cervi]] (1901–1974), actor and manager, known outside of Italy for his film portrayal of a small-town Communist mayor in the [[Don Camillo]] films
* [[Eduardo De Filippo]] (1900–1984), playwright and actor. In his scores of plays he combined pathos and farce
* [[Robert De Niro]] (born 1943), playwright and actor
* [[Manuel De Peppe]] (born 1970) actor, singer, arranger, music producer, composer, pianist, arranger
* [[Vittorio Gassman]] (1922–2000), film and theatre actor and director
* [[Elio Germano]] (born 1980), actor who won the [[Best Actor Award (Cannes Film Festival)|Best Actor Award]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] in 2010
* [[Giancarlo Giannini]] (born 1942), actor and dubber, known for his powerful leads in [[Lina Wertmüller]] films, controversial tragicomedies that deal with sex and politics
* [[Terence Hill]] (born 1939), actor, who became famous for playing in Italian western movies (also called [[Spaghetti Western]]s) together with his friend and partner [[Bud Spencer]]
* [[Nino Manfredi]] (1921–2004), actor, one of the most prominent in the ''[[commedia all'italiana]]'' genre
* [[Marcello Mastroianni]] (1924–1996), actor who became the preeminent leading man in [[Italian cinema]] during the 1960s. He acted in more than 100 movies
* [[Amedeo Nazzari]] (1907–1979), actor. He had a long and distinguished movie career, spanning four decades and including over 100 films
* [[Alberto Sordi]] (1920–2003), actor. Depicted the vices, virtues, and foibles of post-World War II Italy in a long career of mostly comic films and was regarded as a national icon
* [[Ugo Tognazzi]] (1922–1990), film and theatre actor
* [[Totò]] (1898–1967) (Antonio de Curtis), actor. Likened by international film critics to the American film comic [[Buster Keaton]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/600546/Toto "Totò"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Massimo Troisi]] (1953–1994), actor and director. Internationally, known for co-starring in ''[[Il Postino]]'' (1994)
* [[Rudolph Valentino]] (1895–1926), actor, who was idolized as the "Great Lover" of the 1920s
* [[Carlo Verdone]] (born 1950), actor, screenwriter and film director, specialized in comedies
* [[Gian Maria Volonté]] (1933–1994), actor. Known outside of Italy for his roles in ''[[A Fistful of Dollars]]'' (1964) and ''[[For a Few Dollars More]]'' (1965)
* [[Stefano Accorsi]] (born 1971), actor, known for ''[[Jack Frusciante è uscito dal gruppo]]'' (1995)
=== Actresses ===
{{main|List of Italian actresses}}
* [[Clara Calamai]] (1909–1998), actress. She is most remembered as the actress playing Carlo's mother, female lead in Luchino Visconti's ''[[Ossessione]]'' (1943)
* [[Claudia Cardinale]] (born 1938), actress. Her films include ''[[8½]]'' (1963) and ''[[Once Upon a Time in the West]]'' (1968)
* [[Eleonora Duse]] (1858–1924), the most fluent and expressive actress of her day, she was especially noted for her roles in [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s plays<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/174404/Eleonora-Duse "Eleonora Duse"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Virna Lisi]] (1936–2014), one of the most famous Italian actresses. She has won [[Best Actress Award (Cannes Film Festival)|Cannes]] and [[César Award|César]] awards.
* [[Gina Lollobrigida]] (born 1927), actress. One of the first European [[sex symbol]]s to emerge from the rubble of World War II
* [[Sophia Loren]] (born 1934), actress. One of Italy's great 20th-century sex symbols
* [[Anna Magnani]] (1908–1973), actress. In the United States, she was nominated twice for an [[Academy Award]] for best actress, winning the Oscar in 1955 for her role in ''[[The Rose Tattoo (film)|The Rose Tattoo]]''
* [[Silvana Mangano]] (1930–1989), actress, known for the critically acclaimed 1949 film, ''[[Bitter Rice]]''
* [[Mariangela Melato]] (1941–2013), actress known for her work in [[Lina Wertmüller]] movies
* [[Sandra Milo]] (born 1933), actress. Some of her more prestigious credits include [[Roberto Rossellini|Rossellini]]'s ''[[General della Rovere]]'' (1959) and [[Fellini]]'s ''[[8½]]'' (1963) and ''[[Juliet of the Spirits]]'' (1965)
* [[Alida Valli]] (1921–2006), actress, had roles in more than 100 films. Internationally known for her turn as Anna Schmidt in ''[[The Third Man]]'' (1949)
* [[Monica Vitti]] (born 1931), actress. Awards: three [[Nastro d'Argento]] Awards, nine [[David di Donatello]] Awards, and four Italian Golden Grails
* [[Monica Bellucci]] (born 30 September 1964), actress and fashion model
* [[Asia Argento]] (born 20 September 1975), actress, singer, model, and director
* [[Ornella Muti]] (born 9 March 1955), actress, she made her English-speaking film debut as Princess Aura in [[Flash Gordon]] in 1980. American movies she appeared in include ''[[Oscar (1991 film)|Oscar]]'' (1991) and ''[[Once Upon a Crime]]'' (1992).
* [[Valeria Golino]] (born 22 October 1966), film and television actress. Known to English language audiences for the 1988 film [[Rain Man]], and the [[Hot Shots!]] films. She has won the David di Donatello, Silver Ribbon, and Coppa Volpi awards.
* [[Chiara Caselli]] (born 22 December 1967), actress
== Architects ==
{{main|List of Italian architects}}
=== Ancient Rome ===
{{See also|Category:Ancient Roman architects}}
* [[Cocceius Auctus]] (1st century BC and 1st century AD), Roman architect during the age of [[Augustus]] (27 BC – 14 AD)
* [[Hyginus Gromaticus]] (1st and 2nd centuries AD), Roman surveyor under the reign of [[Trajan]] (98–117 AD)
* [[Lucius Vitruvius Cordo]], Roman architect; known for his work ''[[Arco dei Gavi]]'' (built in the 1st century AD)
* [[Rabirius (architect)|Rabirius]] (1st and 2nd centuries AD), Roman architect active during the reign of [[Domitian]] (81–96 AD)
* [[Vitruvius]] (late 1st century BC and early 1st century AD), Roman writer, architect and engineer noted for his book ''[[De architectura]]'' (25 BC); one of the most influential works on [[History of architecture|architecture in history]]
=== Middle Ages ===
{{See also|Category:Italian architects}}
* [[Guglielmo Agnelli]] ({{circa|1238}}–1313), sculptor and architect. He built the [[campanile]] of the [[Badia a Settimo]], near [[Florence]]
* [[Pietro Baseggio]] (14th century), architect and sculptor. In 1361, he was named superintendent of construction for the [[Doge's Palace, Venice|Doge's palace]]
* [[Bartolomeo Bon]] (died after 1464), sculptor and architect. Among his works may be cited the famous [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] [[Ca' d'Oro]] (1424–1430) and the marble door of the church of [[Frari]]
* [[Bertolino Bragerio]] (active c. 1288), builder of the [[cathedral of Cremona]].
* [[Jacopo Celega]] (d. before 30 March 1386), architect. Around 1330 he took over construction of the church of Frari
* [[Diotisalvi]] (12th century), architect. He is well known to be the original architect of [[Baptistry of Pisa]] (1152)
* [[Maginardo]] (''[[Floruit|fl.]]'' 1006–1032), architect active in the [[Diocese of Arezzo]]
* [[Lorenzo Maitani]] (c. 1275 – 1330), architect and sculptor primarily responsible for the construction and decoration of the facade of [[Orvieto Cathedral]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/358835/Lorenzo-Maitani "Lorenzo Maitani"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
=== Humanism and the Renaissance ===
* [[Leon Battista Alberti]] (1404–1472), artist, architect and theoretician. In 1452, wrote ''[[De Re Aedificatoria]]''; was the first architectural treatise of the [[Renaissance]]
* [[Galeazzo Alessi]] (1512–1572), architect. His main works are the church [[Santa Maria Assunta di Carignano]] (1552), the [[Marino Palace]] (started in 1557) and the [[Parodi Palace]] (1567)
* [[Iacomo Andrea]] (died 1500)
* [[Antonio da Sangallo the Elder]] (c. 1453 – 1534), architect. He executed, under the influence of Bramante, the magnificent Church of the [[Madonna di San Biagio]] (1518–consecrated 1529)
* [[Antonio da Sangallo the Younger]] (1484–1546), architect. He designed the [[Palazzo Farnese]] in Rome (1534–46); a fortresslike Florentine-style palace
* [[Donato Bramante]] (1444–1514), architect. Under the patronage of [[Pope Julius II]], he drew up the new [[St. Peter's Basilica]] (begun 1506)
* [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] (1377–1446), architect. His major work is the dome of the [[Florence Cathedral]] (1420–36)
* [[Bernardo Buontalenti]] (c. 1531 – 1608), architect, engineer, designer, painter and inventor. He was one of the great [[Renaissance]] [[polymath]]s<ref>Turner, Jane. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CbGfAAAAMAAJ&q= ''Encyclopedia of Italian Renaissance & Mannerist art'' (Volume II)]. Grove's Dictionaries, 2000. p. 295. Web. 24 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Giacomo della Porta]] (c. 1533 – 1602), architect whose work represents the development in style from late [[Mannerism]] to early [[Baroque]]
* [[Giovanni Maria Falconetto]] (1468–1535), architect and painter. Examples of his work include the [[Walls of Padua#16th century|Porta San Giovanni]] (1528) and the [[Walls of Padua#16th century|Porta Savonarola]] (1530), two gates to the city of [[Padua]]
* [[Filarete]] (c. 1400 – c. 1469), architect, sculptor and writer. He wrote an important treatise, ''[[Libro architettonico]]'' (1464), defending the principles of ancient architecture
* [[Domenico Fontana]] (1543–1607), architect who worked on [[St. Peter's Basilica]] and other famous buildings of Rome and [[Naples]]
* [[Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola]] (1507–1573), architect. His finest productions are the [[Villa Farnese]], near [[Viterbo]], for [[Cardinal Alessandro Farnese]] and [[Villa Giulia]] for [[Pope Julius III]] in Rome
* [[Francesco di Giorgio]] (1439–1502), architect and theoretician. His ''[[Trattato di architettura, ingegneria e arte militare]]'' (1482) is one of the most important documents of Renaissance architectural
* [[Giuliano da Maiano]] (c. 1432 – 1490), architect; made an important contribution to spreading the Renaissance style to [[Southern Italy]]
* [[Giuliano da Sangallo]] (c. 1443 – 1516), sculptor, architect and military engineer; designed the [[Christian Church|Church]] of [[Santa Maria delle Carceri]] (1485) at [[Prato]] and palaces in Florence
* [[Luciano Laurana]] (c. 1420 – 1479), principal designer of the [[Palazzo Ducale, Urbino|Palazzo Ducale]] at Urbino and one of the main figures in 15th-century Italian architecture<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/332360/Luciano-Laurana "Luciano Laurana"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 27 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Pirro Ligorio]] (c. 1510 – 1583), architect, painter, antiquarian and garden designer, known for his designs for the [[Casina Pio IV|Casina of Pio IV]] in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] and his gardens for the [[Villa d'Este]] at [[Tivoli, Italy|Tivoli]]
* [[Michelozzo]] (1396–1472), architect and sculptor; designed the [[Palazzo Medici Riccardi]] in [[Florence]], which set the standard for Renaissance palace architecture in [[Tuscany]] for the next century<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404704447.html "Michelozzo"] ''Encyclopedia of World Biography''. Web. 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Andrea Palladio]] (1508–1580), architect and theoretician. His treatise ''[[I quattro libri dell’architettura]]'' (1570) made him the most influential person in the [[History of architecture|history of Western architecture]]
* [[Baldassare Peruzzi]] (1481–1536), architect and painter. His outstanding architectural works are the [[Villa Farnesina]] (1506–1510) and the [[Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne]] (1535) in Rome
* [[Michele Sanmicheli]] (1484–1559), architect, especially noted for his original treatment of [[military]] [[fortification]]s
* [[Jacopo Sansovino]] (1486–1570), sculptor and architect. His [[Library of St. Mark's]] (begun 1537) is one of the major architectural works of the 16th century
* [[Vincenzo Scamozzi]] (1552–1616), architect and theoretician, author of one of the most comprehensive [[Renaissance]] treatises, the six-volume ''[[L’Idea dell’Architettura Universale]]'' (1615)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/526453/Vincenzo-Scamozzi "Vincenzo Scamozzi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Sebastiano Serlio]] (1475–1554), architect and theoretician. He is remembered primarily for his treatise ''[[Tutte l'opere d'architettura et prospetiva]]'' (eight books, 1537–75)
=== Baroque ===
* [[Francesco Borromini]] (1599–1667), architect. His buildings include the churches of [[San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane]] (1638–1641) and [[Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza]] (1642–1660)
* [[Cosimo Fanzago]] (1591–1678), architect and sculptor. He became the most important exponent of Baroque architecture in [[Naples]]
* [[Carlo Fontana]] (1634/1638–1714), architect. His accomplished academic style influenced important architects, such as [[James Gibbs]], [[Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach|Fischer von Erlach]] and the German baroque architects
* [[Rosario Gagliardi]] (1698–1762), architect. He was one of the leading architects working in the [[Sicilian Baroque]]
* [[Guarino Guarini]] (1624–1683), architect. He was one of the first to analyze with perceptivity the structure of medieval architecture, in his treatise ''[[Architettura Civile]]'' (published posthumously in 1737)
* [[Filippo Juvarra]] (1678–1736), architect, draughtsman and designer. He was arguably the most gifted architect of his time in Italy
* [[Baldassarre Longhena]] (1598–1682), architect. His masterpiece was the Church of [[Santa Maria della Salute]] (1631–1687) at the entrance to the [[Grand Canal (Venice)|Grand Canal]] in [[Venice]]
* [[Carlo Maderno]] (1556–1629), architect. His works reflect the transition from early to high baroque. From 1603, directed the construction of [[St. Peter's Basilica]]
* [[Pietro da Cortona]] (1596–1669), architect, painter and decorator. His architectural accomplishment include the Church of [[Santi Luca e Martina]] in Rome (1634)
* [[Carlo Rainaldi]] (1611–1691), architect. His masterpiece was the Church of [[Santa Maria in Campitelli]] (1663–67)
* [[Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli]] (1700–1771), architect who defined the high baroque style in Russia under the reigns of [[Anna of Russia|Anna]] (1730–1740) and [[Elizabeth Petrovna]] (1741–1762)
* [[Nicola Salvi]] (1697–1751), architect whose late Roman Baroque masterpiece is the [[Trevi Fountain]] in Rome
* [[Giovanni Battista Vaccarini]] (1702–1768), architect, worked in the Sicilian Baroque style
* [[Luigi Vanvitelli]] (1700–1773), architect. His masterpiece was the [[Palace of Caserta]] (1752–74)
=== Neoclassicism ===
* [[Nicola Bettoli]] (1780–1854), architect, known as the designer of the Neoclassicist [[Teatro Regio (Parma)|Teatro Regio]] of that city, for [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Duches Marie Louise]] (1821)
* [[Luigi Cagnola]] (1762–1833), architect, whose work influenced later generations of Italian architects
* [[Luigi Canina]] (1795–1856), archaeologist and architect. He was important as a protagonist of archaeologically correct Neoclassicism in Rome
* [[Antonio Corazzi]] (1792–1877), architect. He designed a number of imposing public buildings in [[Warsaw]], the capital of Poland
* [[Alessandro Galilei]] (1691–1737), architect. He designed the façades of [[Basilica of St. John Lateran]] (1733–35) and [[San Giovanni dei Fiorentini]] (1734)
* [[Giacomo Leoni]] (1686–1746), architect, he spent most of his life in England. It is arguable that he was more influenced by than influencing British architecture
* [[Giuseppe Venanzio Marvuglia]] (1729–1814), architect. His most extraordinary building is La Favorita (''[[Pavilion|Casina]] Cinese'' 1799–1802)
* [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]] (1720–1778), engraver and architect, known for his grandiose architectural constructions
* [[Giacomo Quarenghi]] (1744–1817), architect and painter, known as the builder of numerous works in Russia during and immediately after the reign of [[Catherine II the Great]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/486321/Giacomo-Antonio-Domenico-Quarenghi "Giacomo Antonio Domenico Quarenghi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Carlo Rossi (architect)|Carlo Rossi]] (1775–1849), architect, who worked the major portion of his life in Russia
* [[Francesco Sabatini]] (1722–1797), architect, who worked in Spain
* [[Faustino Trebbi]] (1761–1836), architect and ornamental painter
* [[Giuseppe Valadier]] (1762–1839), architect, urban planner, designer and writer. He was one of the most important exponents of international Neoclassicism in [[central Italy]]
=== The 1900s ===
* [[Franco Albini]] (1905–1977), architect, urban planner and designer. His work was various and [[Eclecticism|eclectic]], and reflected the independence of Italian designs from the tyrannies of Modernist orthodoxy
* [[Carlo Aymonino]] (1926–2010), architect. He received award Honorary Fellow from the American Institute of Architect in 2000. Between his works, we find: Palazzo di Giustizia (1977) and the IMA project (''Progetto IMA'', 1982) in [[Ferrara]] and the [[Colosso]] in [[Rome]] (1982–1984)
* [[Ernesto Basile]] (1857–1932), architect, teacher and designer. An exponent of [[modernism]] and [[Art Nouveau]]
* [[Mario Bellini]] (born 1935), architect and designer. He won eight times [[Compasso d'Oro]] and the Gold Medal of Civic Merit of the city of [[Milan]]
* [[Stefano Boeri]] (born 1956), architect and editor, founder of the research group "Multiplicity", former aditor-in-chief of the magazines "Abitare" and "Domus". Boeri has recently been appointed to the 2015 Milan Expo urban consultancy in charge of developing the guidelines for the urban transformations to be implemented within the frame of the international event.
* [[Achille Castiglioni]] (1918–2002), architect and designer. He won the [[Compasso d'Oro]], Italy's top prize for industrial design, nine times
* [[Giancarlo De Carlo]] (1919–2005), architect, member of [[Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne|CIAM]] and [[Team 10]]. Known for his works at the Free [[University of Urbino]] (1973–9 and later)
* [[Ignazio Gardella]] (1905–1999), architect, designer, race car driver and aircraft. He received numeros awards, including: the National Award for Architecture [[Olivetti]] (1955), the [[Gold Medal of the President of the Republic to the Merit of the School of Culture and Art]] (1977), the [[Golden Lion]] Lifetime Achievement at the [[Venice Biennale]] (1966), the titles of honorary member of the [[RIBA]] (Royal Institute of British Architects)
* [[Vittorio Gregotti]] (1927–2020), architect, designer and writer.. Between his work, we find: Cultural Center Bélem, [[Lisbon]] (1998) and Sede Pirelli Sede Pirelli RE [[Bicocca (district of Milan)|Bicocca]] in [[Milan]] (1985)
* [[Adalberto Libera]] (1903–1963), architect. One of the most representative architects of the [[Italian Modern]] movement
* [[Alessandro Mendini]] (1931–2019), designer and architect. His work is represented in museums and private collections all over the world. He won the [[Compasso d'Oro]] (1979 and 1982)
* [[Giovanni Michelucci]] (1891–1990), architect, urban planner and engraver. A key figure in the progress and advancement of contemporary Italian architecture during the 20th century
* [[Carlo Mollino]] (1905–1973), architect, designer, race car driver and aircraft. Rinnovation of most famous work are: the Chamber of Commerce building and the new Royal Theatre in [[Turin]]
* [[Luigi Moretti]] (1907–1973), architect. One of the most important Italian architects of the 20th century
* [[Giovanni Muzio]] (1893–1982), architect. He was the most influential member of the group of Italian architects associated with the [[Novecento Italiano]]
* [[Marcello Piacentini]] (1881–1960), architect and urban theorist most closely associated with Italy's [[fascist]] government
* [[Renzo Piano]] (born 1937), architect, known for his design (with [[Richard Rogers]]) for the [[Centre Georges Pompidou]] (1971–1977) in Paris awarded by [[Pritzker Prize]] especially for the technology
* [[Giò Ponti]] (1891–1979), architect and designer associated with the development of [[modern architecture]] and modern [[industrial design]] in Italy
* [[Paolo Portoghesi]] (born 1931), architect and architectural historian. He became known as the creator of the original and significant [[Casa Baldi]] (1959) on the [[Via Flaminia]], north of Rome
* [[Aldo Rossi]] (1931–1997), architect and theoretician. His book ''[[The Architecture of the City]]'' (1966) is a classic of modern [[architectural theory]]. He was awarded the 1990 [[Pritzker Prize]]
* [[Giuseppe Samonà]] (1898–1983), architect and urban planner. One of the most important Italian architects of the 20th century
* [[Antonio Sant'Elia]] (1888–1916), architect. Associated with the movement known as [[Futurism]]; known for his visionary drawings of the city of the future
* [[Carlo Scarpa]] (1906–1978), architect. Among his works may be cited the [[Ca' Foscari|Palazzo Foscari]] (1935–1956) and [[Castelvecchio Museum]] (1956–1964)
* [[Ettore Sottsass]] (1917–2007), architect and designer. He is internationally known as one of the initiators of the renewal of design and architecture<ref>Soucek King, Carol. [https://books.google.com/books?id=36qQ44EcWJgC&q= ''Furniture: architects' and designers' originals'']. Architecture & Interior Design Library, 1994. p. 132. Web. 24 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Manfredo Tafuri]] (1935–1994), architect, art historian and theorist. Known for his critical essays for [[Oppositions]] magazine (1970), published under the guidance of [[Peter Eisenman]]
* [[Giuseppe Terragni]] (1904–1943), architect. He was primarily associated with [[Rationalism (architecture)|Rationalism]] and [[Gruppo 7]]. His [[Casa del Fascio (Como)|Casa del Fascio]] (1932–6) is regarded as his finest work
== Chefs and gastronomists ==
{{main|List of Italian chefs}}
* [[Martino da Como]] (c. 1430–late 15th century), "Prince of cooks", considered the western world's first celebrity chef. His book ''Libro de Arte Coquinaria'' (1465) was a benchmark for Italian cuisine and laid the ground for European gastronomic tradition
* [[Pellegrino Artusi]] (1820–1911) writer and gastronomist, credited with establishing a truly national [[Italian cuisine]]. His ''La scienza in cucina e l'arte di mangiare bene'' (1891) was the first gastronomic treatise comprising all regions of united Italy
* [[Carlo Petrini]] (born 1949), politician, writer and gastronomist. Taking part in a campaign against the [[McDonald's]] chain and a busy daily routine, he founded the worldwide influential [[Slow Food]] movement in 1986.
==Craftsmen==
* [[Cesare Antonio Accius]] (fl.1609), engraver
* [[Pagolo Arsago]] (died 1563), goldsmith
* [[Sebastiano Bianchi]] (fl.1580), engraver
* [[Alessandro della Via]] (fl.1730), engraver
* [[Baldassare Gabbugiani]] (fl.1755), engraver
* [[Bartolommeo Tutiani]] (fl. 1515), engraver
== Engineers ==
{{See also|Category:Italian engineers}}
* [[Archimedes]] (288–212 BC), mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Developed the [[Archimedes principle]] and invented the [[Archimedes screw]].
* [[Enrico Bernardi]] (1841–1919), engineer and one of Italian automobile pioneers. Inventor of the "Pia Engine", the first [[petrol engine]]
* [[Giovanni Branca]] (1571–1645), engineer and architect who provided the first known description of a [[steam turbine]] (1629)
* [[Matteo Campani-Alimenis]] (1620–1678), engineer, mechanician and natural philosopher. Inventor of the [[Magic lantern]] (1678)
* [[Secondo Campini]] (1904–1980), engineer, one of the pioneers of the [[jet engine]]
* [[Alessandro Capra]] (born 1620, date of death unknown), engineer and mathematician. Inventor of the first [[speedometer]] for coaches (1678)
* [[Giovanni Battista Caproni]] (1886–1957), aeronautical engineer, civil engineer, electrical engineer, and aircraft designer who founded an aircraft-manufacturing company bearing his [[Caproni|name]] (1908)
* [[Giorgio Carta (engineer)|Giorgio Carta]], bioengineer, professor of chemical engineering
* [[Mario Castoldi]] (1888–1968), aeronautical engineer who designed the renown [[Macchi MC.200]], [[Macchi MC.202]] and [[Macchi MC.205]] World War II Italian fighter airplanes
* [[Bernard Castro]] (1904–1991), industrial engineer. Inventor of the modern convertible [[couch]]
* [[Ettore Bugatti]] (1881–1947), automobile engineer, entrepreneur, designer and inventor, founded the legendary automaker company [[Bugatti]] (1909)
* [[Leonardo Chiariglione]] (born 1943), electrical engineer, inventor and co-founder of the Moving Pictures Experts Group ([[MPEG]]). He led a team that set the universal standards for digital audio and video, such as the [[mpeg]] and the [[mp3]]<ref>[https://archive.is/20050410083625/http://www.time.com/time/digital/digital50/19.html] "Time digital 50", 19. Leonardo Chiariglione, Father of Mp3. Time Magazine. 27 September 1999.</ref><ref>[http://www.tecnoscienza.net/index.php/tsj/article/download/116/79], "Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies", Formatting Culture. The Mpeg group and the technoscientific innovation by digital formats. Volume 3(2)</ref>
* [[Aldo Costa]] (born 1961), engineer and the Engineering Director. He is considered one of the most successful [[Formula One]] designers.
* [[Luigi Negrelli]] (1799–1858), civil and hydraulic engineer; designed several bridges and railways in the [[Austrian Empire]] and well beyond, known for planning and designing the [[Suez Canal]].<ref>[http://www.pubs-newcomen.com/tfiles/(/75bp317-001s.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083106/http://www.pubs-newcomen.com/tfiles/(/75bp317-001s.pdf |date=24 September 2015 }}, ''Transactions of the Newcomen Society'', 2005, Luigi Negrelli, Engineer, 1799–1858: Planner of The Suez Canal.</ref>
* [[Maria Artini]] (1894–1951), first female university graduate in electrical engineering in Italy (1918)
* [[Corradino D'Ascanio]] (1891–1981), aeronautical engineer. Inventor of [[motor scooter]] ([[Vespa]] in 1946)
* [[Luigi Emanueli]] (1883–1959), engineer. Inventor of oil-filled cable (1924)
* [[Lorenzo Allievi]] (1856–1941), hydraulic engineer, best known for his studies on the [[water hammer]] problem
* [[Federico Faggin]] (born 1941), physicist, engineer, credited with developing the Self Aligned MOS Silicon Gate Technology, co-invented and designed the world's first [[microprocessor]], the [[Intel 4004]] (1970–1971)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marconisociety.org/fellows/bios/federico_faggin.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-06-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608141555/http://www.marconisociety.org/fellows/bios/federico_faggin.html |archive-date=8 June 2010 }}, ''The Marconi Society'', Federico Faggin, Awarded the Marconi Prize in 1988.</ref>
* [[Enrico Forlanini]] (1848–1930), engineer and aeronautical pioneer. Inventor of the [[helicopter]] (1877) and [[hydrofoil]] (1900)
* [[Francesco Lana de Terzi]] (1631–1687), Jesuit, mathematician, and naturalist. Called the father of [[aeronautics]] for his pioneering efforts
* [[Leonardo da Vinci]] (1452–1519), artist, engineer, and scientist. Perhaps no one in history achieved so much in so many different fields<ref>[http://www.macchinedileonardo.com/index.php?machines "Machines"] [http://www.macchinedileonardo.com/index.php ''Le macchine di Leonardo da Vinci.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519120454/http://www.macchinedileonardo.com/index.php |date=19 May 2018 }} Web. 2 March 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3754418&FullBreadCrumb=%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.scholastic.com%2Fbrowse%2Fsearch%2F%3FNtx%3Dmode%2Bmatchallpartial%26_N%3Dfff%26Ntk%3DSCHL30_SI%26query%3DLeonardo%2520Da%2520Vinci%26N%3D0%26Ntt%3DLeonardo%2BDa%2BVinci%22+class%3D%22endecaAll%22%3EAll+Results%3C%2Fa%3E "Leonardo da Vinci"] [http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/home.jsp ''Scholastic.''] Web. 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Luppis]] (1813–1875), engineer and officer, co-inventor with [[Robert Whitehead]], of the [[torpedo]] (1860)
* [[Giorgina Madìa]] (1904–1942), physicist and electrical engineer, specializing in electrical communications, and a member of the Italian resistance during World War II
* [[Felice Matteucci]] (1808–1887), hydraulic engineer, co-inventor with [[Eugenio Barsanti]], of the [[internal combustion engine]] (1854)
* [[Antonio Meucci]] (1808–1889), chemical and mechanical engineer. [[Invention of the telephone|Inventor of the telephone]] (1871)
* [[Riccardo Morandi]] (1902–1989), engineer. He designed the [[Ponte Vespucci]] in Florence, the [[General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge]] in Venezuela, the [[Ponte Morandi]] in Genoa, and the [[Salone dell'Automobile]] in [[Turin]]
* [[Pier Luigi Nervi]] (1891–1979) engineer, specialized in civil. He collaborated with international architects, including [[Le Corbusier]] e [[Louis Kahn]]. His most famous work: [[Aula delle Udienze Pontificie in Vaticano]], known as [[Aula Nervi]]
* [[Camillo Olivetti]] (1868–1943), electrical engineer, founder of [[Olivetti]]
* [[Pier Giorgio Perotto]] (1930–2002), electrical engineer and inventor, working for Olivetti he designed and built one of the world"s first electronic [[programmable calculator]]s, the [[Programma 101]], launched at the [[1964 New York World's Fair]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/c-programma101.html|title=Olivetti Programma 101 Electronic Calculator|website=The Old Calculator Web Museum|quote=technically, the machine was a programmable calculator, not a computer.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| title= 2008/107/1 Computer, Programma 101, and documents (3), plastic / metal / paper / electronic components, hardware architect Pier Giorgio Perotto, designed by Mario Bellini, made by Olivetti, Italy, 1965-1971
| website= www.powerhousemuseum.com
| language= en
| url= http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=378406
| access-date= 2016-03-20
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/c-programma101.html|title=Olivetti Programma 101 Electronic Calculator|website=The Old Calculator Web Museum|quote=It appears that the Mathatronics Mathatron calculator {{sic|prec|eeded|nolink=y}} the Programma 101 to market.}}</ref>
* [[Giovanni Battista Piatti]] (1812–1867), civil engineer. Inventor of the pneumatic rock-drilling machine
* [[Ignazio Porro]] (1801–1875), engineer and optician, invented [[Porro prism]] binocular (1875)
* [[Adele Racheli]] (born 1894), engineer, co-founder of Milan patent protection office (1925).
* [[Agostino Ramelli]] (1531–1600), engineer, invented the [[hydraulic motor]] (1588)
* [[Raffaele Rossetti]] (1881–1951), engineer and military naval officer, creator of the first [[human torpedo]]
* [[Germain Sommeiller]] (1815–1871), civil engineer. He directed the construction of the [[Fréjus Rail Tunnel]] between France and Italy; introduced the first industrial [[pneumatic]] drill for tunnel digging
* [[Emma Strada]] (1884–1970), first woman to obtain a civil engineering degree from the Polytechnic of Turin
* [[Juanelo Turriano]] (c. 1500 – 1585), clockmaker, engineer and mathematician. He built the ''[[Artificio de Juanelo]]''
== Explorers ==
{{main|List of Italian explorers}}
* [[António de Noli]] (1415/1419–c. 1497), explorer for Portugal. Was the first European to arrive in some of the [[Cape Verde]] islands in 1460
* [[Giovanni Battista Belzoni]] (1778–1823), explorer, engineer, and amateur archaeologist, often regarded as one of the first [[Egyptologist]]s
* [[John Cabot]] (Giovanni Caboto) (c. 1450 – c. 1499), explorer for England. In the summer of 1497, he crossed the Atlantic and was the first European to arrive in the ''mainland'' of North America
* [[Sebastian Cabot (explorer)|Sebastian Cabot]] (Sebastiano Caboto) (c. 1476 – 1557), cartographer and explorer for England and Spain, he explored the Río de la Plata, the Paraná River and was the person European to arrive in the lower section of the Paraguay River.
* [[Christopher Columbus]] (Cristoforo Colombo) (1451–1506), explorer for Spain. Born in Genua. In Italian language "Cristoforo Colombo". Sailed in 1492 and was the first European to arrive in the "New World" of the [[Americas]]
* [[Henri de Tonti]] (1649/1650–1704), explorer for France. Founded the first European settlement in the lower [[Mississippi River|Mississippi River Valley]] in 1686<ref>[http://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2537 "Henri de Tonti"] ''The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture''. Web. 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni da Pian del Carpine]] (c. 1180 – 1252), Franciscan friar, first noteworthy European traveller in the [[Mongol Empire]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/234098/Giovanni-da-Pian-del-Carpini "Giovanni Da Pian Del Carpini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]] (1485–1528), explorer for France. First European to sight [[New York (state)|New York]] and [[Narragansett Bay|Narragansett bays]]
* [[Alessandro Malaspina]] (1754–1810), nobleman who spent most of his life as a Spanish naval officer and explorer
* [[Umberto Nobile]] (1885–1978), engineer and Arctic explorer. The first man to fly over the [[North Pole]]
* [[Antonio Pigafetta]] (c. 1491 – c. 1534), navigator and writer who accompanied [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan]] in the first expedition of [[Circumnavigation|circumnavigation of the world]]
* [[Marco Polo]] (c. 1254 – 1324), explorer and merchant, famous for his travels in [[central Asia]] and China
* [[Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza]] (1852–1905), explorer for France. Famous for having added an area three times the size of France to the [[French colonial empire|French empire]] in Africa
* [[Amerigo Vespucci (explorer)|Amerigo Vespucci]] (1454–1512), explorer. Was the first European to arrive at the [[Amazon river]] in South America. The name for the [[Americas]] is derived from his given name
* [[Romolo Gessi]] (1831–1881) explorer and soldier. He led numerous expeditions for the British in Africa, especially [[Sudan]] and the [[Nile River]], freeing 30,000 slaves from bondage
==Fictional characters==
{{See also|Category:Fictional Italian people}}
* [[Brighella]]
* [[Don Camillo]]
* [[Ray Barone]]
* [[Juliet Capulet]]
* [[Columbina]]
* [[Corleone family]]
* [[Carmine Falcone]]
* [[Salvatore Maroni]]
* [[Lucius Vorenus]]
* [[Titus Pullo]]
* [[Ezio Auditore da Firenze]]
* [[Il Dottore]]
* [[Ugo Fantozzi]]
* [[Victor Frankenstein]]
* [[Mario Falcone (DC Comics)|Mario Falcone]]
* [[Gianduja (commedia dell'arte)|Gianduja]]
* [[Tony Soprano]]
* [[Harlequin]]
* [[Luigi]]
* [[Mario]]
* [[Romeo Montague]]
* [[Salvo Montalbano]]
* [[Pantalone]]
* [[Pedrolino]]
* [[Pierrot]]
* [[Pinocchio]]
* [[Pulcinella]]
* [[Scaramouche]]
* [[Trivelino]]
* [[Tony Verdeschi]]
== Filmmakers ==
{{main|List of film directors from Italy}}
* [[Filoteo Alberini]] (1865–1937), film director, one of the pioneers of [[Film|cinema]]; devised the [[wide screen]] movies (1914)
* [[Gianni Amelio]] (born 1945), film director. He achieved international fame with ''[[The Stolen Children]]'' (winner of the Grand Jury Prize at the [[1992 Cannes Film Festival]])
* [[Michelangelo Antonioni]] (1912–2007), film director. His most successful motion pictures internationally were ''[[L'avventura]]'' (1960) and ''[[Blow-up]]'' (1966)
* [[Dario Argento]] (born 1940), film director, producer and screenwriter. Films include ''[[The Bird with the Crystal Plumage]]'' (1970), ''[[Deep Red]]'' (1975) and ''[[Suspiria]]'' (1977)
* [[Pupi Avati]] (born 1938), film director, producer and screenwriter. Some of his most successful films were ''[[Impiegati]]'' (1985), ''[[Christmas Present (film)|Christmas Present]]'' (1986) and ''[[The Last Minute (Avati)|The Last Minute]]'' (1987)
* [[Marco Bellocchio]] (born 1939), film director, screenwriter and actor. Known for his debut film ''[[Fists in the Pocket]]'' (1965)
* [[Roberto Benigni]] (born 1952), film director and actor. One of the most popular comics of [[Italian cinema]]; in 1997 he wrote, directed and starred in the international hit ''[[Life is Beautiful]]''
* [[Bernardo Bertolucci]] (1940–2018), film director and screenwriter. ''[[Last Tango in Paris]]'' (1972) brought him international fame
* [[Alessandro Blasetti]] (1900 – 1987), film director and screenwriter was one of the leading figures in Italian cinema during the Fascist era. He is sometimes known as the "father of Italian cinema" because of his role in reviving the struggling industry in the late 1920s. Blasetti influenced Italian neorealism with the film ''Quattro passi fra le nuvole''.
* [[Luigi Comencini]] (1916–2007), film director. Leading figure in Italian cinema; known for his film ''[[Bread, Love and Dreams]]'' (1953)
* [[Giuseppe De Santis]] (1917–1997), film director; known for his direction of ''[[Bitter Rice]]'' (1949), considered the first successful Neorealist film
* [[Vittorio De Seta]] (1923–2011), film director. He made nine such short documentaries over the decade and in 1960 made his feature film directorial debut with the acclaimed ''[[Banditi a Orgosolo]]''
* [[Vittorio De Sica]] (1901–1974), film director and actor. His ''[[Shoeshine (film)|Shoeshine]]'' (1946), ''[[The Bicycle Thief]]'' (1948), and ''[[Umberto D.]]'' (1952) are classics of postwar Italian neorealism<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/154030/Vittorio-De-Sica "Vittorio De Sica"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Ruggero Deodato]] (born 1939), film director, actor and screenwriter. Creator of one of the most infamous splatter films of all time, 1979's neo-realist Amazonian nightmare ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]''
* [[Federico Fellini]] (1920–1993), film director. Won [[Academy Award|Oscars]] for ''[[La Strada]]'' (1954), ''[[Le Notti di Cabiria]]'' (1957), ''[[8 1/2]]'' (1963) and ''[[Amarcord]]'' (1973); one of the 20th century's most influential movie [[Film director|director]]s
* [[Marco Ferreri]] (1928–1997), film director. known film is ''[[La Grande Bouffe]]'' (1973).
* [[Lucio Fulci]] (1927–1996), film director, screenwriter and actor, known for his directorial work on [[Splatter film|gore]] films, including ''[[Zombi 2]]'' (1979) and ''[[The Beyond (film)|The Beyond]]'' (1981).
* [[Matteo Garrone]] (born 1968), film director; known for his film ''[[Gomorrah (film)|Gomorrah]]'' (2008)
* [[Pietro Germi]] (1914–1974), film director and actor. The film ''[[Divorce Italian Style]]'' (1961) was a huge worldwide box-office hit which earned him an [[Academy Award|Oscar]] for best screenplay
* [[Alberto Lattuada]] (1914–2005), film director. Was a major figure in [[Italian cinema]] of the period after World War II. Known for co-directing with Fellini on his first film, ''[[Variety Lights]]'' (1950)
* [[Sergio Leone]] (1929–1989), film director. He is mostly associated with the "[[Spaghetti Western]]" genre, especially the [[dollar trilogy]]; one of the most influential [[Film director|directors]] of his generation
* [[Mario Monicelli]] (1915–2010), film director. One of the masters of the ''[[Commedia all'Italiana]]''
* [[Nanni Moretti]] (born 1953), film director. He is known for his films ''[[Caro diario]]'' (1993) and ''[[The Son's Room]]'' (2001)
* [[Ermanno Olmi]] (1931–2018), film director; known for his internationally successful ''[[The Tree of Wooden Clogs]]'' (1978)
* [[Ferzan Özpetek]] (born 1959), film director and screenwriter. Film include ''[[The Ignorant Fairies]]'' (2001) and ''[[Facing Windows]]'' (2003)
* [[Pier Paolo Pasolini]] (1922–1975), film director and writer. His films include ''[[Mamma Roma]]'' (1962), ''[[The Gospel According to St. Matthew (film)|The Gospel According to St. Matthew]]'' (1964), ''[[Oedipus Rex (1967 film)|Oedipus Rex]]'' (1967) and ''[[Teorema (film)|Teorema]]'' (1968)
* [[Giovanni Pastrone]] (1883–1959), film director and producer. He conceived a colossal film designed to revolutionize movie-making, a goal he realized with ''[[Cabiria]]'' (1914)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/446137/Giovanni-Pastrone "Giovanni Pastrone"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Elio Petri]] (1929–1982), film director and screenwriter. ''[[Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion]]'' (1970), is generally considered his masterpiece
* [[Gillo Pontecorvo]] (1919–2006), film director; known for authoring ''[[The Battle of Algiers]]'' (1966)
* [[Francesco Rosi]] (1922–2015), film director; known for his masterpiece ''[[Salvatore Giuliano (film)|Salvatore Giuliano]]'' (1962)
* [[Roberto Rossellini]] (1906–1977), film director. His films ''[[Rome, Open City]]'' (1945) and ''[[Paisà]]'' (1946) focussed international attention on the Italian Neorealist movement in films<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/510161/Roberto-Rossellini "Roberto Rossellini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Gabriele Salvatores]] (born 1950), film director and screenwriter; known for his film ''[[Mediterraneo]]'' (1991)
* [[Martin Scorsese]] (born 1942), film director known for directing films such as [[Goodfellas]] (1990) and various other gangster films.
* [[Michele Soavi]] (born 1957), film director; known for his film ''[[Cemetery Man]]'' (1994)
* [[Silvio Soldini]] (born 1958), film director, known films we find ''[[Bread and Tulips]]'' (1999) and ''[[Agata e la tempesta]]'' (2004)
* [[Paolo Sorrentino]] (born 1970), film director and screenwriter. He is known for his film ''[[The Consequences of Love]]'' (2004)
* [[Paolo and Vittorio Taviani]] (born 1931, 1929–2018), have directed together several successful movies. Among those are: ''[[Padre Padrone]]'' (1977), ''[[The Night of the Shooting Stars]]'' (1982) and ''[[Kaos (film)|Kaos]]'' (1984)
* [[Giuseppe Tornatore]] (born 1956), film director, known for his masterpiece ''[[Cinema Paradiso]]'' (1988)
* [[Luchino Visconti]] (1906–1976), film and theatre director; called the father of [[Italian neorealism|neorealism]] for his early films ''[[Ossessione]]'' (1943) and ''[[La terra trema]]'' (1948)
* [[Lina Wertmüller]] (born 1928), film director. She achieved international fame with ''[[The Seduction of Mimi]]'' (1972), a satire on sexual hypocrisy, and ''[[Love and Anarchy]]'' (1973)
* [[Franco Zeffirelli]] (1923–2019), film director. Among his major films are three [[Shakespeare]] adaptations: ''[[The Taming of the Shrew (1967 film)|The Taming of the Shrew]]'' (1967), ''[[Romeo and Juliet (1968 film)|Romeo and Juliet]]'' (1968) and ''[[Hamlet (1990 film)|Hamlet]]'' (1990)
* [[Valerio Zurlini]] (1926–1982), film director, stage director and screenwriter. He is well known for his internationally successful ''[[Estate Violenta]]'' (1959)
== Illustrators ==
{{See also|Category:Italian illustrators}}
* [[Leonetto Cappiello]] (1875–1942), poster art designer. He has been called the father of modern advertising<ref>Rennert, Jack. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BB4RAQAAMAAJ&q= ''Posters of the Belle Epoque: The Wine Spectator Collection.''] Wine Spectator Press, 1999. p. 156. Web. 24 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Adolfo de Carolis]] (1874–1928), painter, illustrator and wood-engraver
* [[Onofrio Catacchio]] (born 1964), cartoonist
* [[Max Crivello]] (born 1958), illustrator and cartoonist
* [[Gabriele Dell'Otto]] (born 1973), illustrator and author whose works have been published around the world
* [[Franco Donatelli]] (1924–1995), comic artist and illustrator
* [[Virginio Livraghi]], comic strip illustrator
* [[Enrico Mazzanti]] (1850–1910), engineer and cartoonist, who illustrated the first edition of ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio|Pinocchio]]''
* [[Bartolomeo Pinelli]] (1781–1835), illustrator and engraver. He illustrated in his figures the costumes of the Italian peoples, the great epic poems and numerous other subjects
* [[Maria Zacchè]] (born 1933), illustrator
== Military and political figures ==
=== Etruscan civilization ===
{{See also|Category:Etruscan kings}}
* [[Mezentius]], legendary Etruscan king who reigned at [[Caere]] and fought against [[Aeneas]]
* [[Lars Porsena]] (6th century BC), legendary Etruscan king, alleged to have besieged Rome in a vain attempt to reinstate [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus]] on the throne
* [[Lars Tolumnius]] (died 428 BC), the most famous king of the wealthy Etruscan city-state of [[Veii]]
=== Ancient Rome ===
{{main|List of Roman Emperors|List of Roman dictators|List of Roman generals|List of Roman consuls}}
* [[Scipio Aemilianus]] (185 BC–129 BC), Roman general famed both for his exploits during the [[Third Punic War]] (149–146 BC) and for his subjugation of [[Numantine War|Spain]] (134–133 BC)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/529059/Scipio-Africanus-the-Younger "Scipio Africanus the Younger"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Caligula]] (31 August 12–24 January 41 AD) was Roman emperor from 37 to 41 AD. Was widely considered to be one of Rome's most cruelest and sadistic emperors ever to rule
* [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]] (c. 89 or 88 BC–late 13 or early 12 BC), Roman statesman, one of the [[Second Triumvirate|triumvirs]] who ruled Rome after 43 BC
* [[Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus]] (c. 229 BC–160 BC), Roman general whose victory over the Macedonians at Pydna ended the [[Third Macedonian War]] (171–168 BC)
* [[Scipio Africanus]] (235 BC–183 BC), Roman general, known for defeating [[Hannibal]] in the final [[battle of Zama]]. One of the great military minds of [[History|all times]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/529046/Scipio-Africanus-the-Elder "Scipio Africanus the Elder"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Nero]] (15 December 37–9 June 68 AD) The last emperor of the [[Julio-Claudian Dynasty]] and is believed to be responsible for the burning of Rome
* [[Mark Antony]] (83 BC–30 BC), Roman politician and general
* [[Romulus and Remus]] (c. mid to late 8th century BC), Romulus was the first king of the Roman Kingdom
* [[Marcus Atilius Regulus]] (''fl.'' 3rd century BC), Roman general and statesman
* [[Augustus]] (63 BC–AD 14), first and among the most important of the Roman Emperors. One of the great administrative geniuses of history<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/43047/Augustus "Augustus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Marcus Aurelius]] (121–180), Roman emperor, has symbolized for many generations in the West the Golden Age of the [[Roman Empire]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/364331/Marcus-Aurelius "Marcus Aurelius"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Lucius Junius Brutus]] (545 BC–509 BC), Roman consul, traditional founder of the [[Roman Republic]]
* [[Marcus Junius Brutus]] (85 BC–42 BC), Roman politician, leader of the conspirators who assassinated Julius Caesar (44 BC)
* [[Julius Caesar]] (100 BC–44 BC), Roman statesman and general, famous for the [[Gallic Wars|conquest of Gaul]]. A figure of genius and audacity equaled by few in history<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/88114/Julius-Caesar "Julius Caesar"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Marcus Furius Camillus]] (c. 446 BC–365 BC), Roman soldier and statesman
* [[Catiline]] (108 BC–62 BC), Roman politician
* [[Tiberius]] (16 November 42 BC–16 March 37 AD), second Roman emperor, succeeding Augustus
* [[Cato the Elder]] (234 BC–149 BC), Roman statesman, orator and the first Latin prose writer of importance<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/99975/Marcus-Porcius-Cato "Marcus Porcius Cato"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Cato the Younger]] (95 BC–46 BC), Roman politician and statesman in the late [[Roman Republic]]
* [[Cicero]] (106 BC–43 BC), Roman statesman, scholar, writer and [[orator]].
* [[Cincinnatus]] (519 BC–438 BC), Roman politician
* [[Appius Claudius Caecus]] (''fl.'' 3rd century BC), outstanding statesman, legal expert, and author of early Rome<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/120520/Appius-Claudius-Caecus "Appius Claudius Caecus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus]] (c. 268 BC–208 BC), Roman general who captured [[Siege of Syracuse (214–212 BC)|Syracuse]] during the [[Second Punic War]] (218–201)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/364120/Marcus-Claudius-Marcellus "Marcus Claudius Marcellus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Publius Clodius Pulcher]] (c. 93 BC–52 BC), disruptive politician, head of a band of political thugs, and bitter enemy of Cicero in late republican Rome
* [[Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus]] (?–c. 280 BC), consul in 298 BC. He defeated the [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscans]] at [[Volaterrae]] and afterwards fought against the [[Samnites]]
* [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla]] (c. 138 BC–78 BC), Roman general and statesman
* [[Manius Curius Dentatus]] (?–270 BC), Roman general. As consul led the Romans to victory over the [[Samnite Wars|Samnites]] and defeated [[Pyrrhus of Epirus]] near [[Battle of Beneventum (275 BC)|Beneventum]] (275 BC)
* [[Gaius Duilius]] (''fl.'' 3rd century BC), Roman commander who won a major naval victory over the Carthaginians during the [[First Punic War]] (264–241 BC)
* [[Germanicus]] (15 BC–AD 19), Roman general who avenged the defeat sustained by [[Publius Quinctilius Varus|Varus]] (AD 9), defeating [[Arminius]] at Idistaviso on the Weser (AD 16)
* [[Gaius Gracchus]] (154 BC–121 BC), Roman politician
* [[Marcus Licinius Crassus]] (c. 115 BC–53 BC), Roman general and politician
* [[Lucullus]] (c. 117 BC–57/56 BC), Roman general who fought [[Mithradates VI Eupator]] of Pontus from 74 to 66 BC<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/350697/Lucius-Licinius-Lucullus "Lucius Licinius Lucullus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Gaius Maecenas]] (70 BC–8 BC), Roman diplomat, counsellor to the Roman emperor Augustus
* [[Gaius Marius]] (157 BC–86 BC), Roman general and politician
* [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus]] (c. 280 BC–203 BC), Roman politician and general, famous for having invented the [[guerrilla warfare]] (method of combat in 217 BC)
* [[Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus]] (c. 229 BC–160 BC), Roman general whose victory over the Macedonians at Pydna ended the [[Third Macedonian War]] (171–168 BC)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/447198/Lucius-Aemilius-Paullus-Macedonicus "Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pontius Pilate]] (16 BC–AD 36), Roman politician, famous primarily as a crucial character in the [[New Testament]] account of [[Jesus]]
* [[Antoninus Pius]] (86–161), Roman emperor, mild-mannered and capable, he was the fourth of the [[Five Good Emperors|five good emperors]]"<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/28784/Antoninus-Pius "Antoninus Pius] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pompey]] (106 BC–48 BC), Roman military and political leader of the late [[Roman Republic]]
* [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus]] (535 BC-509 BC), [[Roman Kingdom|King of Rome]] famed for his resistance against the people trying to found the [[Roman Republic]]
* [[Trajan]] (53–117), Emperor who presided over the greatest expansion in Roman history. He was born in [[Italica]], a colony of ''Italian'' settlers in [[Hispania]], and his family was from [[Umbria]]
* [[Titus Quinctius Flamininus]] (c. 229 BC–174 BC), Roman general and statesman who established the Roman hegemony over Greece<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/209437/Titus-Quinctius-Flamininus "Titus Quinctius Flamininus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Quintus Sertorius]] (c. 126 BC–73 BC), one of the most able Roman generals, who displayed a particular genius for leading armies of irregulars<ref>Holmes, Richard; Strachan, Hew; Bellamy, Chris. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8YAAAAIAAJ&q= ''The Oxford companion to military history'']. Oxford University Press, 2001. p. 820. Web. 17 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa]] (63 BC–12 BC), Roman statesman and general; he was long honored by the Roman military as the inventor of the [[Harpax]]
* [[Gaius Ofonius Tigellinus]] (c. 10–69), prefect of the Roman Imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, from 62 until 68, during the reign of Emperor Nero.
=== Roman Catholic Church ===
{{main|List of popes}}
{{See also|Category:Cardinals (Catholic Church)|Category:Roman Catholic bishops|Category:Italian popes}}
* [[Pope Adrian I]] (c. 700–795), pope from 772 to 795; his pontificate was unequalled in length by that of any successor of [[Saint Peter]] until a thousand years later
* [[Pope Agapetus I]] (?–536), of noble birth, he was an [[archdeacon]] at the time of his election (13 May 535)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/8741/Saint-Agapetus-I "Saint Agapetus I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Alexander III]] (c. 1100/1105–1181), Pope from 1159 to 1181. He is remembered for the long-standing dispute with the Holy Roman Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]]
* [[Ambrose]] (337 or 340–397), bishop of [[Milan]]; one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the [[Christianity in the 4th century|4th century]]; he was also the teacher of [[Saint Augustine]]
* [[Augustine of Canterbury]] (?–604), Benedictine monk and the first [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]. He is considered the "Apostle to the English" and a founder of the English Church
* [[Benedict of Nursia]] (c. 480 – c. 547), father of [[Christian monasticism#Early Christianity|Western monasticism]]; the rule that he established became the norm for monastic living throughout Europe<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/60548/Saint-Benedict-of-Nursia "Saint Benedict of Nursia"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Benedict V]] (?–966), pope, or [[antipope]], from 22 May 964, to 23 June 964, when he was deposed
* [[Pope Boniface VIII]] (c. 1235 – 1303), issued in 1302, the famous bull ''[[Unam sanctam]]'' (pushing [[papal supremacy]] to its historical extreme)
* [[Pope Celestine I]] (?–432), pope from 422 to 432
* [[Pope Celestine V]] (1215–1296), pope from 5 July to 13 December 1294, the first pontiff to [[Papal resignation|abdicate]]. He founded the [[Celestines|Celestine order]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/101351/Saint-Celestine-V "Saint Celestine V"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Peter Damian]] (c. 1007 – 1072), cardinal and [[Doctor of the Church]]. He was an original leader and a forceful figure in the [[Gregorian Reform]] movement
* [[Pope Gregory I]] (c. 540–604), founder" of the medieval papacy, which exercised both secular and spiritual power;<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/245549/Saint-Gregory-I "Saint Gregory I] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref> he is considered one of the great [[Church Fathers#Latin Fathers|Latin Fathers]] of the Church
* [[Pope Gregory II]] (669–731), greatly encouraged the Christianizing of Germany by SS; the [[Donation of Sutri]] (728) is considered the constitutive act of the [[Papal States]]
* [[Pope Gregory VII]] (c. 1015/1028–1085), one of the great reforming popes; known for the part he played in the [[Investiture Controversy]]
* [[John Gualbert]] (985 or 995–1073), Roman Catholic saint. The founder of the [[Vallumbrosan Order]]
* [[Pope Honorius I]] (?–638), pope from 625 to 638 whose posthumous condemnation as a heretic subsequently caused extensive controversy on the question of [[papal infallibility]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/271104/Honorius-I "Honorius I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Honorius III]] (?–1227), often considered one of the great administrators in [[papal history]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/271115/Honorius-III "Honorius III"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Innocent III]] (1160–1216), during his reign, the papacy was at the height of its [[Universal power|powers]]
* [[Pope John II]] (?–535), pope from 533 to 535. He was the first pontiff to change his original name, which he considered [[pagan]], assuming the name of the martyred [[Saint John I]] (523–526)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/304730/John-II "John II"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope John VIII]] (?–?), often considered one of the ablest pontiffs of the [[List of popes#9th century|9th century]]
* [[Pope John XIX]] (?–1032), pope from 1024 to 1032
* [[Pope Leo I]] (c. 400–461), pope from 440 to 461, master exponent of papal supremacy<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/336187/Saint-Leo-I "Saint Leo I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Leo III]] (750–816), known for crowning [[Charlemagne]] as the first [[Holy Roman Emperor]]
* [[Pope Liberius]] (?–366), pope from 352 to 366
* [[Matilda of Tuscany]] (1046–1115), noblewoman. She was a strong supporter of the [[papacy]] during the [[Investiture Controversy]]
* [[Pope Nicholas I]] (c. 800–867), pope from 858 to 867, master theorist of papal power, considered to have been the most forceful of the [[early medieval]] pontiffs<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/414085/Saint-Nicholas-I "Saint Nicholas I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Paulinus of Nola]] (353–431), [[bishop]] of [[Nola]] and one of the most important Christian Latin poets of his time. He is also the inventor of church [[Bell (instrument)|bells]]
* [[Romuald]] (c. 950–1025/1027), Christian ascetic who founded the [[Camaldolese]] Benedictines (Hermits)
* [[Pope Sergius I]] (?–701), pope from 687 to 701, one of the most important [[List of popes#7th century|7th-century pontiffs]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/535547/Saint-Sergius-I "Saint Sergius I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Stephen II]] (715–757), pope from 752 to 757. He severed ties with the [[Byzantine Empire]] and thus became the first temporal sovereign of the newly founded Papal States<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/565425/Stephen-II-or-III "Stephen II (or III)"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pope Sylvester I]] (?–335), one of the most illustrious popes of [[List of popes#4th century|his age]]; after his death, became a major figure of legend
* [[Pope Symmachus]] (?–514), pope from 498 to 514
* [[Rainerius Saccho]], 13th century Inquisitor
=== Renaissance ===
{{main|House of Medici}}
* [[Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence]] (1510–1537), the first [[duke of Florence]] (1532–37)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/13886/Alessandro "Alessandro"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Catherine de' Medici]] (1519–1589), Queen of France
* [[Cosimo de' Medici]] (1389–1464), founder of the Medici political dynasty
* [[Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] (1519–1574), second duke of Florence (1537–74) and first [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany|grand duke of Tuscany]] (1569–74)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/139151/Cosimo-I "Cosimo I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] (1549–1609), grand duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609
* [[Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] (1541–1587), second grand duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 to 1587
* [[Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici]] (1360–1429), restored the family fortune and made the Medici family the wealthiest in Europe
* [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] (1449–1492), leader of Florence during the Golden Age of the [[Renaissance]]; patron of arts and letters, the most brilliant of the Medici
* [[Marie de' Medici]] (1575–1642), Queen and Regent of France who was a harsh opponent of [[Protestantism]] in France
* [[Salvestro de' Medici]] (1331–1388), [[Gonfaloniere of Justice|Gonfaloniere]] and Provost of the city of [[Florence]]
* [[Pope Clement VII]] (Giulio de' Medici) (1478–1534), pope from 1523 to 1534; it was Pope Clement who excommunicated [[Henry VIII of England]]
* [[Pope Leo X]] (Giovanni de' Medici) (1475–1521), a Cardinal-Deacon from the age of 13
* [[Pope Leo XI]] (Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici) (1535–1605), pope from 1–27 April 1605<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/336283/Leo-XI "Leo XI"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
{{Main|List of condottieri}}
* [[Cesare Borgia]] (1475/1476–1507), Spanish-Italian ''condottiero'', nobleman, politician, and cardinal. Powerful lord, and a leading figure in the politics of his era
* [[Bartolomeo Colleoni]] (1400–1475), ''condottiere'', at various times in Venetian and Milanese service and from 1454 general in chief of the [[Republic of Venice]] for life
* [[Andrea Doria]] (1466–1560), ''condottiere'', and admiral who was the foremost naval leader of his time<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/169439/Andrea-Doria "Andrea Doria"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Erasmo of Narni]] (1370–1443, known as Gattamelata), who served Florence, Venice and the pope before becoming dictator of Padua
* [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]] (1194–1250), King of Sicily and promoter of Sicilian culture and political power; expanded domain into much of Italy<ref>Hearder, Harry; Morris, Jonathan (2002). ''Italy: A Short History''. Page 68 says he was Italian (not German or Norman).</ref>
* [[Federico da Montefeltro]] (1422–1482), [[Duke of Urbino|lord of Urbino]] from 1444 (as Duke from 1474) until his death. He is widely regarded as one of the most successful ''condottieri'' of his time
* [[Giovanni dalle Bande Nere]] (1498–1526), the most noted soldier of all the [[House of Medici|Medici]]
* [[Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta]] (1417–1468), ''condottiero'' and nobleman. He was widely considered by his contemporaries as one of the most daring military leaders in Italy
* [[Niccolò Piccinino]] (1386–1444), soldier of fortune who played an important role in the 15th-century wars of the [[Visconti of Milan]] against [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], [[Republic of Florence|Florence]], and the [[pope]]
* [[Francesco I Sforza]] (1401–1466), ''condottiere'' who played a crucial role in 15th-century Italian politics
* [[Muzio Sforza]] (1369–1424), soldier of fortune who played an important role in the wars of his period and whose son Francesco became duke of Milan
* [[Gian Giacomo Trivulzio]] (1440/1441–1518), aristocrat and ''condottiero'' who served as a military captain under [[Galeazzo Maria Sforza|Galeazzo]], later became the grand [[Marshal of France]]
=== Early Modern period to Unification ===
{{See also|History of Italy (1559–1814)}}
* [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]] (1562–1630), skilled soldier and shrewd politician. He was nicknamed ''Testa d'feu'' ("Head of Fire") for his rashness and military attitudes
* [[Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi]] (1738–1808), general in the service of the Austrian army
* [[Achille Fontanelli]] (1755–1838), Minister of War and general of the [[Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy]]
* [[Franziska Scanagatta]] (1776–1864), military officer who served the [[Austrian Empire]].
* [[Torquato Conti]] (1591–1636), military commander who served as a [[Generalfeldmarschall|General-Field Marshal]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] during the [[Thirty Years' War]]
* [[Eugene of Savoy]] (1663–1736), general in the service of the Austrian [[Holy Roman emperor]]
* [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma]] (1545–1592), revitalized Spanish rule in the southern provinces of the Netherlands (modern Belgium and Luxembourg)
* [[Pasquale Paoli]] (1725–1807), statesman and general, hailed as the father of [[Corsica]]. He wrote and promulgated the modern world's first democratic constitution in 1755<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ySD9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=Corsican+%22first+democratic+constitution%22&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=jasgU4DjMMbYkQeoyoDoCA&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Corsican%20%22first%20democratic%20constitution%22&f=false], ''Transported by Song: Corsican Voices from Oral Tradition to World Stage'' by Caroline Bithell.</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d7NBoT2pv5QC&q=Corsican+%22first+democratic+constitution%22%5D%2C&pg=PA86|title=Other Histories|first=Kirsten|last=Hastrup|date=22 August 1992|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=9780415061230}}</ref>
* [[Pietro Micca]] (1677–1706), the [[Mining (military)|miner]] who at the sacrifice of his own life saved the citadel of Turin (1706) from French troops
* [[Raimondo Montecuccoli]] (1609–1680), [[field marshal]] and military reformer. In the service of the [[Habsburgs]], he took part in the [[Thirty Years' War]]
* [[Napoleon]] (1769–1821), [[Corsicans|Corsican]] military and political leader, founder and leader of the [[First French Empire]], the [[Italian Republic (Napoleonic)|Italian Republic]] and [[kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom]]
* [[Ottavio Piccolomini]] (1599–1656), general and diplomat in the service of the [[House of Habsburg]] during the [[Thirty Years' War]]
* [[Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases]] (1569–1630), general and master of [[siege warfare]] in the service of Spain
* [[Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia]] (1666–1732), King of Sicily (1713–1720) and of Sardinia (1720–1730), established the foundation for the future Italian national state
=== 1861 to the rise of Fascism ===
{{main|Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|}}
{{See also|Category:Italian military personnel of World War I|Category:Italian military personnel of World War II|Category:Italian fascists}}
* [[Pietro Badoglio]] (1871–1956), general and statesman during the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini
* [[Italo Balbo]] (1896–1940), airman and fascist leader who played a decisive role in developing Benito Mussolini's [[air force]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/49907/Italo-Balbo "Italo Balbo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
*[[Oreste Baratieri]] (1841–1901), general and governor of Italian Eritrea
* [[Cesare Battisti (politician)|Cesare Battisti]] (1875–1916), politician
* [[Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour]] (1810–1861), politician, leading figure in the movement toward [[Italian unification]]
* [[Francesco Crispi]] (1819–1901), statesman who, after being exiled from Naples and Sardinia-Piedmont for revolutionary activities, eventually became premier of a united Italy<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143262/Francesco-Crispi "Francesco Crispi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Salvo D'Acquisto]] (1920–1943), member of the Italian [[Carabinieri]], awarded the [[Gold Medal of Military Valor]] in memory of his heroism
* [[Armando Diaz]] (1861–1928), general and a Marshal of Italy
* [[Giulio Douhet]] (1869–1930), military, the first to envision the true potential of airpower and [[Area bombardment|strategic bombardment]]
* [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] (1807–1882), patriot and soldier of the Risorgimento; contributed to the achievement of Italian unification under the royal [[House of Savoy]]
* [[Maurizio Giglio]] (1920–1944), soldier, policeman and secret agent, recipient of the [[Gold Medal of Military Valor]]
* [[Giovanni Giolitti]] (1842–1928), statesman and five times prime minister under whose leadership Italy prospered
* [[Antonio Gramsci]] (1891–1937), intellectual and politician, a founder of the Italian Communist Party whose ideas greatly influenced Italian communism<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/240991/Antonio-Gramsci "Antonio Gramsci"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giacomo Matteotti]] (1885–1924), socialist politician. He strongly denounced the [[National Fascist Party]]. Two weeks after his speech, he was kidnapped and murdered by fascists
* [[Giuseppe Mazzini]] (1805–1872), propagandist and revolutionary; a champion of the movement for Italian unity known as the Risorgimento
* [[Benito Mussolini]] (1883–1945), prime minister (1922–43) and the first of 20th-century Europe's [[fascist]] [[dictator]]s<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/399484/Benito-Mussolini "Benito Mussolini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Carlo Rosselli]] (1899–1937), political leader, journalist, and historian. He was committed to the anti-fascist struggle in [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Italy]] and in the [[Spanish Civil War]]
* [[Piero Torrigiani]] (1846–1920), mayor of Florence
* [[Enrico Toti]] (1882–1916), deportist, patriot and hero of World War I
* [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy]] (1820–1878), King of Sardinia–Piedmont who became the first king of a united Italy<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/627567/Victor-Emmanuel-II "Victor Emmanuel II"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy]] (1869–1947), [[King of Italy#Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946), House of Savoy|King of Italy]] whose reign brought the end of the Italian monarchy<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/627580/Victor-Emmanuel-III "Victor Emmanuel III"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
===Italian Republic===
{{See also|List of Presidents of the Italian Republic|List of Prime Ministers of Italy|Template:Lists of Italian politicians by party|}}
* [[Giulio Andreotti]] (1919–2013), [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democratic]] politician who was several times prime minister of Italy in the period from 1972 to 1992<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/23943/Giulio-Andreotti "Giulio Andreotti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Enrico Berlinguer]] (1922–1984), secretary-general of the [[Italian Communist Party]] from March 1972 until his death
* [[Silvio Berlusconi]] (born 1936), media tycoon who served three times as [[prime minister of Italy]] (1994; 2001–06; 2008–11)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62274/Silvio-Berlusconi "Silvio Berlusconi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Umberto Bossi]] (born 1941), politician who was leader (born 1991) of the [[Lega Nord]] party<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/74823/Umberto-Bossi "Umberto Bossi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Bettino Craxi]] (1934–2000), politician who became his nation's first [[Italian Socialist Party#Bettino Craxi|Socialist]] prime minister (1983–87)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/142035/Bettino-Craxi "Bettino Craxi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Alcide De Gasperi]] (1881–1954), statesman and politician, considered to be one of the [[Founding fathers of the European Union]]
* [[Enrico De Nicola]] (1877–1959), politician, the first provisional Head of State of the [[Italian constitutional referendum, 1946|newborn republic]] of Italy from 1946 to 1948
* [[Antonio Di Pietro]] (born 1950), jurist and politician who uncovered a wide-ranging government [[Political corruption|corruption]] scandal
* [[Luigi Einaudi]] (1874–1961), economist and statesman, the first president (1948–55) of the Republic of Italy<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/181310/Luigi-Einaudi "Luigi Einaudi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Nilde Iotti]] (1920–1999), politician
* [[Aldo Moro]] (1916–1978), leader of the Christian Democratic Party, who served five times as premier of Italy. In 1978 he was kidnapped and subsequently murdered by [[Red Brigades|left-wing terrorists]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/392584/Aldo-Moro "Aldo Moro"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Romano Prodi]] (born 1939), politician who was twice prime minister of Italy (1996–98; 2006–08) and who served as president of the [[European Commission]] (1999–2004)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/477886/Romano-Prodi "Romano Prodi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Antonio Segni]] (1891–1972), statesman, twice premier (1955–57, 1959–60), and fourth president (1962–64) of Italy
* [[Luigi Sturzo]] (1871–1959), priest, public official, and political organizer who founded a party that was a forerunner of the Italian Christian Democrat movement<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/570213/Luigi-Sturzo "Luigi Sturzo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Palmiro Togliatti]] (1893–1964), politician who led the Italian Communist Party for nearly 40 years and made it the largest in Europe<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/598061/Palmiro-Togliatti "Palmiro Togliatti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Altiero Spinelli]] (1907–1986), statesman, author of the so-called "[[Spinelli Plan]]", co-author of the [[Ventotene Manifesto]], founder of the [[Crocodile Club]], co-founder of the [[Union of European Federalists]], hailed as one of the Fathers of [[European Union]]<ref>[http://europa.eu/about-eu/eu-history/founding-fathers/pdf/altiero_spinelli_en.pdf] "European Commission, The Founding Fathers of EU", Altiero Spinelli: an unrelenting federalist.</ref>
==Musicians==
=== Composers ===
{{Main|List of Italian composers}}
==== Middle Ages ====
* [[Johannes Ciconia]] (c. 1370–1412), composer and theorist. His open melodic style, clarity of texture, and "modern" sense of harmonic direction make him an attractive and accessible composer
* [[Gherardello da Firenze]] (c. 1320/1325–1362/1363), composer. He was known for his liturgical compositions but only two mass movements have survived
* [[Guido of Arezzo]] (c. 990–1050), music theorist whose principles served as a foundation for modern Western [[musical notation]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/248582/Guido-dArezzo "Guido d’Arezzo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Jacopo da Bologna]] (''fl.'' 1340–1360), court composer during the [[Trecento]] and one of the earliest composers of [[polyphonic]] secular songs
* [[Francesco Landini]] (c. 1325/1335–1397), composer, organist and poet. Celebrated in his own day as a master of the ''[[Music of the Trecento|Italian ars nova]]'' style, among his works are madrigals, cacce, and ballate
* [[Marchetto da Padova]] (''fl.'' 1305–1319), music theorist and composer. He lived at [[Cesena]] and [[Verona]] at some time and was in the service of [[Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes|Rainier]], [[Prince of Monaco]]
==== Renaissance ====
* [[Giovanni Animuccia]] (c. 1500 – 1571), composer who contributed to the development of the [[oratorio]]
* [[Adriano Banchieri]] (1568–1634), one of the principal composers of [[Madrigal comedy|madrigal comedies]] and choral pieces<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/51350/Adriano-Banchieri "Adriano Banchieri"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giulio Caccini]] (1551–1618), composer and singer; ''[[Le nuove musiche]]'' (1602), a collection of songs with basso continuo, was of landmark importance in establishing the new monodic style
* [[Francesco Canova da Milano]] (1497–1543), lutenist and composer. Known as ''Il divino'' ("the divine"), he was the finest composer of [[lute song|lute music]] before [[John Dowland]]
* [[Emilio de' Cavalieri]] (1550–1602), composer. One of the earliest to compose dramatic music<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100525/Emilio-de-Cavalieri "Emilio de’ Cavalieri"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Andrea Gabrieli]] (1532/33–1585), composer and organist, known for his madrigals and his large-scale choral and [[instrumental music]] for public ceremonies<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/223225/Andrea-Gabrieli "Andrea Gabrieli"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Gabrieli]] (c. 1554/1557–1612), composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time
* [[Carlo Gesualdo]] (1566–1613), composer and lutist. He is famous for his intensely expressive [[Madrigal (music)|madrigals]], which use a [[Chromaticism|chromatic]] language not heard of until the 19th century
* [[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina]] (1525/1526–1594), composer associated with the [[Roman School]] ([[Renaissance music]])
* [[Luzzasco Luzzaschi]] (c. 1545 – 1607), composer, organist, and teacher of the late [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]]
* [[Luca Marenzio]] (1553–1599), composer whose madrigals are considered to be among the finest examples of Italian [[Madrigal (music)|madrigals]] of the late 16th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/364516/Luca-Marenzio "Luca Marenzio"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Claudio Merulo]] (1533–1604), composer. He was organist of [[Brescia]] Cathedral (1556–7) and of [[St Mark's Basilica]], [[Venice]] (1557–84), where he was also an organ consultant, publisher and teacher
* [[Claudio Monteverdi]] (1567–1643), composer, violinist and singer considered a crucial figure in the [[history of music]]
* [[Jacopo Peri]] (1561–1633), composer and singer; often called the inventor of [[opera]]
* [[Gioseffo Zarlino]] (1517–1590), composer and writer on music, the most celebrated [[music theorist]] of the mid-16th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/655982/Gioseffo-Zarlino "Gioseffo Zarlino"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
==== Baroque ====
* [[Tomaso Albinoni]] (1671–1751), composer remembered chiefly for his [[instrumental]] music
* [[Gregorio Allegri]] (1582–1652), composer of [[church music]]. The famous ''[[Miserere (Allegri)|Miserere]]'', performed yearly on Wednesday and Friday of [[Passion Week]], in the papal chapel, is his composition
* [[Francesca Caccini]] (1587–1641), composer and singer, daughter of [[Giulio Caccini]]. She was the first woman to compose [[opera]] and probably the most prolific woman composer of her time
* [[Antonio Caldara]] (1670/71–1736), composer. He composed many [[opera]]s and [[oratorio]]s, other sacred and secular [[vocal music]], and [[Chamber music|chamber]] works. His canons were especially popular
* [[Giacomo Carissimi]] (1605–1674), composer and one of the most celebrated masters of the early [[Baroque]], or, more accurately, the [[Roman School]] of music
* [[Francesco Cavalli]] (1602–1676), the most important Italian composer of opera in the mid-17th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100553/Francesco-Cavalli "Francesco Cavalli"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Antonio Cesti]] (1623–1669), composer who, with Francesco Cavalli, was one of the leading Italian composers of the 17th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/103869/Pietro-Antonio-Cesti "Pietro Antonio Cesti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Arcangelo Corelli]] (1653–1713), violinist, composer, conductor and teacher. Founder of the Italian school of violin
* [[Girolamo Frescobaldi]] (1583–1643), musician and one of the most important composers of [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]] instrumental music in the late [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]] and early [[Baroque music]] periods
* [[Francesco Geminiani]] (1687–1762), composer, violinist, teacher, writer on musical [[performance]], and a leading figure in early 18th-century music<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/228124/Francesco-Geminiani "Francesco Geminiani"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Leonardo Leo]] (1694–1744), composer who was noted for his [[comic opera]]s and who was instrumental in forming the Neapolitan style of opera composition
* [[Pietro Locatelli]] (1695–1764), composer and violinist. His influential ''L′arte del violino'' (1733) contains 12 solo violin concertos and 24 caprices for solo violin
* [[Jean Baptiste Lully]] (1632–1687), Italian-French composer. He was court composer to [[Louis XIV]], founding the national [[French opera]] and producing court ballets for [[Molière]]'s plays
* [[Giovanni Battista Pergolesi]] (1710–1736), composer whose [[intermezzo]] ''[[La serva padrona]]'' (1733) was one of the most celebrated stage works of the 18th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/451597/Giovanni-Battista-Pergolesi "Giovanni Battista Pergolesi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Nicola Porpora]] (1686–1768), composer. Leading Italian teacher of singing of the 18th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/470757/Nicola-Porpora "Nicola Porpora"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Alessandro Scarlatti]] (1660–1725), composer of operas and religious works. He is considered the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera
* [[Domenico Scarlatti]] (1685–1757), composer noted particularly for his 555 keyboard [[sonata]]s, which substantially expanded the technical and musical possibilities of the [[harpsichord]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/526711/Domenico-Scarlatti "Domenico Scarlatti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Barbara Strozzi]] (1619–1677), virtuoso singer and composer of [[vocal music]], one of only a few women in the 17th century to publish their own compositions
* [[Giuseppe Tartini]] (1692–1770), violinist, composer, and theorist who helped establish the modern style of violin bowing and formulated principles of [[Ornament (music)|musical ornamentation]] and harmony<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583783/Giuseppe-Tartini "Giuseppe Tartini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Torelli]] (1658–1709), composer and violinist, noted for his essential role in the development of the [[solo concerto]], [[concerto grosso]], and [[sonata da camera]] forms
* [[Antonio Vivaldi]] (1678–1741), composer, Italian [[Baroque music|baroque]], known for violin music and the [[concerto grosso]]
* [[Domenico Zipoli]] (1688–1726), organist and composer. In 1716 he published his collection ''Sonate d'intavolatura per organo e cimbalo''
==== Classical period ====
* [[Luigi Boccherini]] (1743–1805), composer and cellist. His vast [[chamber music]] output includes some 125 [[string quintet]]s, some 90 string quartets, and many [[string trio]]s
* [[Ferdinando Carulli]] (1770–1841), guitarist, composer and teacher. Known for his concertos, sonatas, studies, variations and transcriptions (over 300 opus numbers)
* [[Domenico Cimarosa]] (1749–1801), composer; a leading representative of the [[opera buffa]]. Among his numerous works, ''[[Il matrimonio segreto]]'' (1792) is universally renowned
* [[Baldassare Galuppi]] (1706–1784), composer whose [[comic opera]]s won him the title father of the [[opera buffa]]."<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/224647/Baldassare-Galuppi "Baldassare Galuppi] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Mauro Giuliani]] (1781–1829), the most important guitarist and composer of [[guitar]] music of his time
* [[Niccolò Jommelli]] (1714–1774), composer of [[religious music]] and operas, an innovator in his use of the [[orchestra]]
* [[Giovanni Battista Martini]] (1706–1784), composer, music theorist, and music historian who was internationally renowned as a teacher<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/367071/Giovanni-Battista-Martini "Giovanni Battista Martini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 12 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Paisiello]] (1740–1816), one of the most successful and influential opera composers of his time. He composed more than 80 operas, including a very popular ''[[Barber of Seville]]'' (1782)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/438727/Giovanni-Paisiello "Giovanni Paisiello"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Niccolò Piccinni]] (1728–1800), composer of more than 100 operas. His most famous opera was ''[[La buona figliuola]]'' (1760), which established him as one of the leading composers of his day
* [[Antonio Salieri]] (1750–1825), composer whose operas were acclaimed throughout Europe in the late 18th century
* [[Giovanni Battista Sammartini]] (1700/1701–1775), composer who was an important formative influence on the pre-Classical symphony
* [[Giovanni Battista Viotti]] (1755–1824), violinist and composer, principal founder of the 19th-century school of violin playing
==== Romantic ====
* [[Vincenzo Bellini]] (1801–1835), opera composer. His most celebrated works are the operas ''[[La sonnambula]]'' and ''[[Norma (opera)|Norma]]'' (both 1831)
* [[Arrigo Boito]] (1842–1918), composer and poet. He is remembered for his opera ''[[Mefistofele]]'' (1868)
* [[Alfredo Catalani]] (1854–1893), composer of the popular opera ''[[La Wally]]'' (1892). His operas were among the most important in the period preceding the [[verismo]] school
* [[Luigi Cherubini]] (1760–1842), composer, who lived in Paris after 1788. Of his nearly 40 operas, the most popular were ''[[Lodoïska]]'' (1791), ''[[Médée (Cherubini)|Médée]]'' (1797), and ''[[Les deux journées]]'' (1800)
* [[Muzio Clementi]] (1752–1832), composer, pianist, organist and teacher who is acknowledged as the first to write specifically for the [[piano]]
* [[Gaetano Donizetti]] (1797–1848), opera composer. Among his major works are ''[[Lucia di Lammermoor]]'' (1835), ''[[La fille du régiment]]'' (1840), and ''[[La favorite]]'' (1840)
* [[Ruggero Leoncavallo]] (1857–1919), opera composer whose fame rests on the opera ''[[Pagliacci]]'' (1892)
* [[Pietro Mascagni]] (1863–1945), operatic composer, one of the principal exponents of [[verismo]]. Mascagni came up with his masterpiece ''[[Cavalleria rusticana]]'' in 1890 to tremendous success
* [[Saverio Mercadante]] (1795–1870), composer, teacher and orchestrator. He is considered to have been an important reformer of [[Italian opera]]
* [[Niccolò Paganini]] (1782–1840), composer and principal violin [[virtuoso]] of the 19th century
* [[Amilcare Ponchielli]] (1834–1886), composer, known for his opera ''[[La Gioconda (opera)|La Gioconda]]'' (1876)
* [[Gioachino Rossini]] (1792–1868), composer nicknamed "The Italian Mozart". Operas include: ''[[The Barber of Seville]]'' (1816), ''[[La Cenerentola]]'' (1817), and ''[[Semiramide]]'' (1823)
* [[Gaspare Spontini]] (1774–1851), composer and conductor. His most acclaimed work was ''[[La Vestale]]'' (1807)
* [[Giuseppe Verdi]] (1813–1901), leading Italian composer of [[opera]] in the 19th century, noted for operas such as ''[[Rigoletto]]'' (1851), ''[[La traviata]]'' (1853), ''[[Aida]]'' (1871) and ''[[Otello]]'' (1887) among others
==== The 1900s ====
*[[Pippo Barzizza]] (1902-1994), composer, arranger, conductor and music director
* [[Luciano Berio]] (1925–2003), musician, whose success as theorist, conductor, composer, and teacher placed him among the leading representatives of the musical [[avant-garde]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/61963/Luciano-Berio "Luciano Berio"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Ferruccio Busoni]] (1866–1924), pianist and composer who attained fame as a pianist of brilliance and intellectual power
* [[Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco]] (1895–1968), composer in the Neoromantic style. [[Literature]] and [[Judaism]] were influential in his compositions
* [[Vito Carnevali]] (1888 – c. 1960) composer of choral music for the Roman Catholic Church<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9lJMAgAAQBAJ&q=carnevali&pg=PA184|title=Choral Music in the Twentieth Century|last=Strimple|first=Nick|date=2005-11-01|publisher=Amadeus Press|isbn=9781574673784|pages=184|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Francesco Cilea]] (1866–1950), composer whose operas are distinguished by their melodic charm.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/117767/Francesco-Cilea "Francesco Cilea"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref> known for ''[[Adriana Lecouvreur]]'' (1902)
* [[Luigi Dallapiccola]] (1904–1975), composer known for his lyrical [[Serialism|twelve-tone]] compositions
* [[Lorenzo Ferrero]] (born 1951), composer. Among his major works are the operas ''[[Salvatore Giuliano (opera)|Salvatore Giuliano]]'' (1986), ''[[La Conquista (opera)|La Conquista]]'' (2005), and ''[[Risorgimento! (opera)|Risorgimento!]]'' (2011)
* [[Umberto Giordano]] (1867–1948), opera composer in the [[verismo]], or "realist", style, known for his opera ''[[Andrea Chénier]]'' (1896)
*[[Piero Piccioni]] (1921 – 2004), lawyer, pianist, organist, conductor, composer, he was also the prolific author of more than 300 film soundtracks.
* [[Pietro Mascagni]] (1863–1945), opera composer, famous for ''[[Cavalleria rusticana]]'', one of the classic ''verismo'' operas
* [[Ennio Morricone]] (1928–2020), composer and conductor. He is considered one of the most prolific and influential film composers of his era
* [[Luigi Nono (composer)|Luigi Nono]] (1924–1990), leading Italian composer of electronic, aleatory, and serial music
* [[Goffredo Petrassi]] (1904–2003), composer of modern classical music, conductor, and teacher
* [[Giacomo Puccini]] (1858–1924), composer of operas. His finest operas, ''[[La bohème]]'' (1896), ''[[Tosca]]'' (1900), ''[[Madama Butterfly]]'' (1904), and ''[[Turandot]]'' (produced posthumously in 1926)
* [[Ottorino Respighi]] (1879–1936), composer, known for colourful tone poems ''[[The Fountains of Rome]]'' (1916) and ''[[The Pines of Rome]]'' (1924)
* [[Nino Rota]] (1911–1979), composer of film scores, notably for the films of [[Federico Fellini]] and [[Luchino Visconti]]
* [[John Serry Sr.]] (1915–2003), Italian-American composer of music for the [[Free-bass system]] Accordion including ''[[American Rhapsody]]'' (1955) and ''[[Concerto for Free Bass Accordion]]'' (1964)
=== Conductors ===
{{See also|Category:Italian conductors (music)}}
* [[Claudio Abbado]] (1933–2014), conductor. Principal conductor of the [[London Symphony Orchestra]] (1979–88); director of the [[Vienna State Opera]] (1986–91), and the [[Berlin Philharmonic]] (1989–2001)
* [[Ferruccio Busoni]] (1866–1924), pianist and composer who attained fame as a pianist of brilliance and intellectual power
* [[Riccardo Chailly]] (born 1953), conductor known for his devotion to contemporary music, and for his attempts to modernize approaches to the traditional symphonic repertory
* [[Victor de Sabata]] (1892–1967), conductor and composer. He is widely recognized as one of the most distinguished operatic conductors of the 20th century
*[[Piero Gamba]] (born 1936), also known as Pierino Gamba, orchestral conductor and pianist. Gamba came to attention as a child prodigy.
* [[Daniele Gatti]] (born 1961), conductor. He is considered the foremost conductor of his generation"<ref>[http://www.rpo.co.uk/rpo_conductor.php?cid=11 "Daniele Gatti] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719232722/http://www.rpo.co.uk/rpo_conductor.php?cid=11 |date=19 July 2011 }} [http://www.rpo.co.uk/ ''RPO.''] Web. 2 March 2011.</ref>
*[[Franco Ferrara]] (1911-1985), conductor and teacher ofvarious prominent conductors, including Roberto Abbado, Riccardo Chailly, Andrew Davis and Riccardo Muti
*[[Gianandrea Gavazzeni]] (1909 – 1996), conductor of opera
* [[Carlo Maria Giulini]] (1914–2005), conductor esteemed for his skills in directing both grand opera and [[symphony orchestras]]
* [[Fabio Luisi]] (born 1959), conductor of the [[Vienna Symphony]] and the [[Staatskapelle Dresden]]
* [[Gianandrea Noseda]] (born 1964), conductor of the [[National Symphony Orchestra]] of Washington D.C.
* [[Riccardo Muti]] (born 1941), conductor of both opera and the symphonic repertory. He became one of the most respected and charismatic conductors of his generation<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/399797/Riccardo-Muti "Riccardo Muti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Claudio Scimone]] (1934–2018), conductor. He founded [[I Solisti Veneti]] in 1959, specializing in 18th-century and 20th-century Italian music
* [[Tullio Serafin]] (1878–1968), conductor. An outstanding conductor of [[Italian opera]], he did much to foster the revival of interest in [[Vincenzo Bellini|Bellini]] and [[Donizetti]]
* [[Giuseppe Sinopoli]] (1946–2001), performed with an intensity and daring that made him one of Europe's most controversial orchestra leaders
* [[Arturo Toscanini]] (1867–1957), conductor, considered one of the great virtuoso conductors of the first half of the 20th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/600338/Arturo-Toscanini "Arturo Toscanini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</ref>
=== Singers ===
{{See also|Category:Italian singers|Category:Italian songwriters|Category:Italian rappers}}
* [[Achille Lauro (rapper)|Achille Lauro]] (born 1990) – rapper/singer
* [[Alexia (Italian singer)|Alexia]] (born 1967) – singer/songwriter
* [[Alessandra Amoroso]] (born 1986) – singer/songwriter
* [[Annalisa]] (born 1985) – singer/songwriter
* [[Arisa]] (born 1982) – singer/songwriter
* [[Bianca Atzei]] (born 1987) – singer/songwriter
* [[Serena Autieri]] (born 1976) – singer/songwriter
* [[Malika Ayane]] (born 1984) – singer/songwriter
* [[Baby K (artist)|Baby K]] (born 1983) – singer/songwriter
*[[:fr:Don Backy|Don Backy]] (born 1939) – singer
* [[Bassi Maestro]] (born 1973) – rapper
* [[Claudio Baglioni]] (born 1951) – singer/songwriter
* [[Franco Battiato]] (1945–2021) – singer/songwriter, composer
* [[Lucio Battisti]] (1943 – 1998) – singer/songwriter
* [[Fred Bongusto]] (1935 – 2019) – singer/songwriter
* [[Alessandra Belloni]] (born 1954) – singer, drummer, dancer, teacher
* [[Primo Brown]] (1976–2016) – rapper
* [[Edoardo Bennato]] (born 1946) – singer/songwriter
* [[Eugenio Bennato]] (born 1948) – singer/songwriter
* [[Loredana Bertè]] (born 1950) – performer
* [[Orietta Berti]] (born 1943) – singer
* [[Carla Bissi]] (Alice) (1954) – singer/songwriter
* [[Angelo Branduardi]] (born 1950) – singer/songwriter
* [[Michele Bravi]] (born 1994) – singer/songwriter
* [[Fred Buscaglione]] (1921–1960) – singer/songwriter
* [[Clementino]] (born 1982) – rapper
* [[Coez]] (born 1983) – singer/rapper
* [[Andrea Caccese]] (born 1988) − singer/songwriter
* [[Renato Carosone]] (1920–2001) – singer/songwriter
* [[Caterina Caselli]] (born 1946) – singer
* [[Raffaella Carrà]] (1943–2021) – singer/songwriter
* [[Albano Carrisi]] (born 1943) – singer/songwriter
* [[Marco Carta]] (born 1985) – singer/songwriter
* [[Adriano Celentano]] (born 1938) – singer/songwriter
*[[Gigliola Cinquetti]] (born 1947) – singer/songwriter
* [[Chiara (Italian singer)|Chiara]] (born 1986) – singer/songwriter
* [[Riccardo Cocciante]] (born 1946) – singer/songwriter
* [[Lodovica Comello]] (born 1990) – singer/songwriter
* [[Paolo Conte]] (born 1937) – singer/songwriter
* [[Toto Cutugno]] (born 1946) – singer/songwriter
* [[Lorella Cuccarini]] (born 1965) – singer/songwriter
* [[Lucio Dalla]] (1943–2012) – singer/songwriter
* [[Pino Daniele]] (1955–2015) – singer/songwriter
*[[Gigi D'Alessio]] (born 1967) – singer/songwriter
* [[Dargen D'Amico]] (born 1980) – rapper/singer
* [[Cristina D'Avena]] (born 1964) – singer
* [[Fabrizio De André]] (1940–1999) – singer/songwriter
* [[Francesco De Gregori]] (born 1951) – singer/songwriter
* [[Roberto Demo]] (born 1965) – singer/songwriter
* [[Manuel De Peppe]] (born 1970) – singer/songwriter
* [[Teresa De Sio]] (born 1955) – singer/songwriter
* [[Nicola Di Bari]] (born 1940) – singer/songwriter
*[[Peppino di Capri]] (born 1939) – singer/songwriter
*[[:it:Aldo Donà|Aldo Donà]] (1920-2011) – singer
*[[Pino Donaggio]] (born 1941) – singer
*[[Aldo Donati (singer)|Aldo Donati]] (1947-2014)- singer/songwriter
*[[Johnny Dorelli]] (born 1937) – singer
* [[Egreen]] (born 1984) – rapper
* [[Elisa (Italian singer)|Elisa]] (born 1977) – singer/songwriter
* [[El Presidente (musician)|El Presidente]] (born 1972) – rapper
*[[Bruno Filippini]] (born 1945) – singer
* [[Rosario Fiorello]] (born 1960) – singer/songwriter
*[[Enzo Jannacci]] (1935 – 2013) – singer/songwriter
* [[Emis Killa]] (born 1989) – rapper
* [[En?gma]] (born 1988) – rapper
* [[Ensi (rapper)|Ensi]] (born 1985) – rapper
* [[Fabri Fibra]] (born 1976) – rapper
* [[Fedez]] (born 1989) – rapper
* [[Fred De Palma]] (born 1989) – rapper
* [[Sergio Endrigo]] (1933-2005) – singer/songwriter
* [[Gabriella Ferri]] (1942 – 2004) – singer/songwriter
* [[Giusy Ferreri]] (born 1979) – singer/songwriter
* [[Tiziano Ferro]] (born 1980) – singer/songwriter
* [[Eugenio Finardi]] (born 1952) – singer/songwriter
* [[Riccardo Fogli]] (born 1947) – singer/songwriter
*[[Jimmy Fontana]] (1934 – 2013) – singer/songwriter
* [[Ivano Fossati]] (born 1951) – singer/songwriter
* [[Gemitaiz]] (born 1988) – rapper
* [[Gué Pequeno]] (born 1980) – rapper
* [[Giorgio Gaber]] (1939–2003) – singer/songwriter
* [[Francesco Gabbani]] (born 1982) – singer/songwriter
* [[Rino Gaetano]] (1950–1981) – singer/songwriter
* [[Giorgia]] (born 1971) – singer/songwriter
*[[Wilma Goich]](born 1945) – singer
* [[Irene Grandi]] (born 1969) – singer/songwriter
* [[Francesco Guccini]] (born 1940) – singer/songwriter
* [[J-Ax]] (born 1972) – rapper
* [[Jovanotti]] (born 1966) – singer/songwriter and rapper
* [[Rudy La Scala]] (born 1954) – singer/songwriter and record producer
* [[Bruno Lauzi]] (1937–2006) – singer/songwriter
* [[Fausto Leali]] (born 1944) – singer/songwriter
* [[Luciano Ligabue]] (born 1960) – singer/songwriter
* [[MadMan]] (born 1988) – rapper
* [[Mahmood]] (born 1992) – singer/songwriter
* [[Marracash]] (born 1979) – rapper
* [[Cristiano Malgioglio]] (born 1945) – singer/songwriter
* [[Pablo Manavello]] (1950-2016) – singer/songwriter
* [[Fiorella Mannoia]] (born 1954) – performer
* [[Emma Marrone]] (born 1984) – singer/songwriter
* [[Mia Martini]] (1947–1995) – singer/performer
* [[Marco Masini]] (born 1964) – singer-songwriter, pianist
* [[Paolo Meneguzzi]] (born 1976) – singer/songwriter
* [[Marco Mengoni]] (born 1988) – singer/songwriter
* [[Francesca Michielin]] (born 1995) – singer/songwriter
* [[Milva]] (1939–2021) – performer
* [[Mina (Italian singer)|Mina]] (born 1940) – performer
* [[Moreno (singer)|Moreno]] (born 1989) – rapper/singer
* [[Domenico Modugno]] (1928–1994) – singer/songwriter
* [[Yves Montand]] (1921– 1991) – singer/songwriter
* [[Gianni Morandi]] (born 1944) – performer
* [[Fabrizio Moro]] (born 1975) – singer/songwriter
* [[Franco Mussida]] ([[Premiata Forneria Marconi]]) (1947) – singer/songwriter
* [[Gianna Nannini]] (born 1954) – singer/songwriter
* [[Neffa]] (born 1967) – rapper/singer/songwriter
* [[Nesli]] (born 1980) – rapper
* [[Noemi (singer)|Noemi]] (born 1982) – singer/songwriter
* [[Nitro (rapper)|Nitro]] (born 1993) – rapper
* [[Gino Paoli]] (born 1934) – singer/songwriter
* [[Laura Pausini]] (born 1974) – singer/songwriter
*[[Rita Pavone]] (born 1946) – singer
*[[Emilio Pericoli]] (1928 – 2013) – singer
*[[Nilla Pizzi]] (1919–2011) – singer
* [[Povia]] (born 1972) – singer/songwriter
* [[Patty Pravo]] (born 1948) – singer
* [[Alberto Rabagliati]] (1906–1974) – singer
* [[Rancore]] (born 1989) – rapper
* [[Rocco Hunt]] (born 1994) – rapper/singer
* [[Alberto Rabagliati]] (1906–1974) – singer
* [[Massimo Ranieri]] (born 1951) – singer
* [[Eros Ramazzotti]] (born 1963) – singer/songwriter
* [[Mino Reitano]] (1944–2009) – singer/songwriter
* [[Tony Renis]] (born 1938) – singer
* [[Donatella Rettore]] (born 1953) – singer/songwriter
* [[Stefano Righi]] (born 1969) – singer/songwriter
* [[Vasco Rossi]] (born 1952) – singer/songwriter
* [[Fabio Rovazzi]] (born 1994) – rapper/singer
* [[Enrico Ruggeri]] (born 1957) – singer/songwriter
* [[Antonella Ruggiero]] (born 1952) – performer
* [[Giuni Russo]] (1951–2004) – singer/songwriter
* [[Salmo (rapper)|Salmo]] (born 1984) – rapper
* [[Shade (rapper)|Shade]] (born 1987) – rapper
* [[Valerio Scanu]] (born 1990) – singer/songwriter
* [[Bobby Solo]] (born 1945) – singer/songwriter
* [[Demetrio Stratos]] ([[Area]]) (1945–1973) – singer/songwriter
* [[Aldo Tagliapietra]] ([[Le Orme]]) (1945) – singer/songwriter
* [[Luigi Tenco]] (1938–1967) – singer/songwriter
* [[Little Tony (singer)|Little Tony]] (1941–2013) – singer/songwriter
* [[Vacca (rapper)|Vacca]] (born 1979) – rapper
* [[Ornella Vanoni]] (born 1934) – performer
* [[Roberto Vecchioni]] (born 1943) – singer/songwriter
* [[Antonello Venditti]] (born 1949) – singer/songwriter
* [[Edoardo Vianello]] (born 1938) – singer/songwriter
*[[Claudio Villa]] (1926–1987) – singer
*[[Yordano]] (born 1951) – singer/songwriter
* [[Iva Zanicchi]](born 1940) – singer
* [[Renato Zero]] (born 1950) – singer/songwriter
* [[Zucchero]] (born 1955) – singer/songwriter
==== Castrati singers ====
{{See also|Castrato}}
* [[Antonio Bernacchi]] (1685–1756), contralto castrato, sang in operas throughout Italy and also abroad, notably at Munich and for [[Handel]] in London
* [[Caffarelli (castrato)|Caffarelli]] (1710–1783), contralto castrato. A pupil of [[Nicola Porpora]]; he sang for Handel in London, England, in 1738, creating the title roles in ''[[Faramondo]]'' and ''[[Serse]]''
* [[Giovanni Carestini]] (c. 1704 – c. 1760), contralto castrato, one of the foremost of his time. Début Rome 1721
* [[Girolamo Crescentini]] (1762–1846), mezzo-soprano castrato. His repertory being chiefly operas by [[Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli|Zingarelli]], [[Domenico Cimarosa|Cimarosa]] and [[Giuseppe Gazzaniga|Gazzaniga]]
* [[Farinelli]] (1705–1782), both soprano and contralto
* [[Giacinto Fontana]], called "Farfallino" (1692–1739), soprano castrato. He was active primarily in Rome, specialized in performing female roles (women were not permitted to appear onstage in the [[Papal States]])
* [[Nicolò Grimaldi]] (1673–1732), mezzo-soprano castrato known for his association with the composer George Frideric Handel, in two of whose early operas he sang
* [[Giovanni Francesco Grossi]] (1653–1697), soprano castrato. He sang Siface in [[Francesco Cavalli|Cavalli]]'s ''[[Scipione affricano]]'' (1671) and was thereafter always known by that name
* [[Gaetano Guadagni]] (1728–1792), contralto castrato, known for singing the role of Orpheus at the premiere of [[Christoph Willibald Gluck|Gluck]]'s opera ''[[Orfeo ed Euridice]]'' in 1762
* [[Giuseppe Millico]], called "Il Moscovita" (1737–1802), soprano castrato, known for his association with the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck, he performed in all the latter's reform operas.
* [[Alessandro Moreschi]] (1858–1922), soprano castrato, known as the angel of Rome "because of vocal purity<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-MoreschiAlessandro.html "Moreschi, Alessandro] ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music''. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Gaspare Pacchierotti]] (1740–1821), soprano castrato, one of the most famous singers of his time
* [[Senesino]] (1686–1758), contralto castrato, renowned for his power and his skill in both [[coloratura]] and expressive singing
* [[Giovanni Velluti (castrato)|Giovanni Velluti]] (1780–1861), soprano. The last of the leading castrate singers
==== Sopranos ====
{{See also|Category:Italian sopranos}}
* [[Gemma Bellincioni]] (1864–1950), opera singer, soprano
* [[Maria Caniglia]] (1905–1979), soprano; one of the leading Italian dramatic sopranos of the 1930s and 1940s
* [[Mariella Devia]] (born 1948), after beginning her forty-five-year-long career as a lyric coloratura soprano, in recent years she has enjoyed success with some of the most dramatic roles in the bel canto repertoire.
* [[Mirella Freni]] (1935–2020), soprano; one of the dominant figures on the opera scene; she has since performed at many venues, including [[Milan]], [[Vienna]] and [[Salzburg]]
* [[Amelita Galli-Curci]] (1882–1963), coloratura soprano
* [[Giulia Grisi]] (1811–1869), operatic soprano whose brilliant dramatic voice established her as an operatic prima donna for more than 30 years<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/246417/Giulia-Grisi "Giulia Grisi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Claudia Muzio]] (1889–1936), operatic soprano, whose international career was among the most successful of the early 20th century. She brought drama and pathos to all her roles
* [[Giuditta Pasta]] (1797–1865), soprano. She was famed for her roles in the operas of [[Rossini]], [[Vincenzo Bellini|Bellini]] and [[Donizetti]]; acclaimed for her vocal range and expressiveness
* [[Adelina Patti]] (1843–1919), soprano; one of the great coloratura singers of the 19th century
* [[Amelia Pinto]] (1876–1946), remembered for Wagner and Puccini performances
* [[Renata Scotto]] (born 1934), soprano and opera director; considered one of the preeminent singers of her generation, specializing in the [[bel canto]] repertoire
* [[Renata Tebaldi]] (1922–2004), lyric soprano; one of the most acclaimed members of the Metropolitan Opera company from 1955 to 1973, and retired from singing in 1976
* [[Luisa Tetrazzini]] (1871–1940), coloratura soprano; one of the finest of her time
==== Mezzo-sopranos ====
{{See also|Category:Italian mezzo-sopranos}}
* [[Cecilia Bartoli]] (born 1966), operatic mezzo-soprano who achieved global stardom with her outstanding vocal skills
* [[Faustina Bordoni]] (1697–1781), mezzo-soprano; known for her beauty and acting as well as her vocal range and breath control
* [[Fiorenza Cossotto]] (born 1935), mezzo-soprano; she is considered by many to be one of the great mezzo-sopranos of the 20th century
* [[Armida Parsi-Pettinella]] (1868–1949), successful at the Scala, especially as Dalila
* [[Giulietta Simionato]] (1910–2010), mezzo-soprano who excelled at [[bel canto]] and lighter operas by [[Rossini]] and [[Mozart]]
* [[Ebe Stignani]] (1903/1904–1974), mezzo-soprano; member of the [[La Scala|Scala]] ensemble and was regarded as its leading exponent of dramatic contralto and mezzo roles
* [[Lucia Valentini Terrani]] (1946–1998), mezzo-soprano, she was particularly associated with Rossini roles
==== Contraltos ====
{{See also|Category:Italian contraltos}}
* [[Marietta Alboni]] (1823–1894), operatic contralto known for her classic Italian bel canto
* [[Clorinda Corradi]] (1804–1877), opera singer; one of the most famous [[contralto]]s in history
* [[Giuseppina Grassini]] (1773–1850), noted Italian contralto and a singing teacher
==== Tenors ====
{{See also|Category:Italian tenors}}
* [[Carlo Bergonzi (tenor)|Carlo Bergonzi]] (1924–2014), operatic tenor; from 1956 to 1983, his beautiful voice was a fixture in the 19th-century Italian and French repertoire at the [[Metropolitan Opera]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1515857/Carlo-Bergonzi "Carlo Bergonzi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Andrea Bocelli]] (born 1958), opera tenor noted for his unique blend of opera and [[pop music]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/70896/Andrea-Bocelli "Andrea Bocelli"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Enrico Caruso]] (1873–1921), operatic tenor
* [[Franco Corelli]] (1921–2003), tenor; powerful voice and passionate singing style; had a major international opera career between 1951 and 1976
* [[Fernando De Lucia]] (1860/1861–1925), opera tenor and singing teacher who enjoyed an international career
* [[Mario Del Monaco]] (1915–1982), operatic tenor
* [[Giuseppe Di Stefano]] (1921–2008), lyric tenor who was hailed as one of the finest operatic tenors of his generation<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1437152/Giuseppe-Di-Stefano "Giuseppe Di Stefano." ''Britannica Book of the Year, 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.''] Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Filianoti]] (born 1974), operatic tenor noted for his beautiful voice and impressive stage presence.
* [[Beniamino Gigli]] (1890–1957), operatic tenor. The most famous tenor of his generation; was a leading in French and Italian operas from 1920 to 1932
* [[Giacomo Lauri-Volpi]] (1892–1979), lyric-dramatic tenor; he performed throughout Europe and the Americas in a top-class career that spanned 40 years
* [[Giovanni Martinelli]] (1885–1969), operatic tenor; his repertoire of about 50 roles included the leading tenor roles in nearly all the principal Italian operas<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Giovanni_Martinelli.aspx "Martinelli, Giovanni"] ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music''. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Luciano Pavarotti]] (1935–2007), lyric tenor
* [[Aureliano Pertile]] (1885–1952), lyric-dramatic tenor; one of the most important of the entire 20th century
* [[Gianni Raimondi]] (1923–2008), lyric tenor, particularly associated with the Italian repertory
* [[Giovanni Battista Rubini]] (1794–1854), tenor; known for playing heroic roles
* [[Tito Schipa]] (1888–1965), operatic tenor; considered one of the finest [[tenore di grazia]] in operatic history
* [[Francesco Tamagno]] (1850–1905), tenor; became famous for his performances in the title roles of Verdi's ''[[Otello]]'' and ''[[Don Carlos]]''
==== Baritones ====
{{See also|Category:Italian baritones}}
* [[Pasquale Amato]] (1878–1942), operatic baritone; from 1908 to 1921 he sang leading baritone roles at the [[Metropolitan Opera]]
* [[Ettore Bastianini]] (1922–1967), operatic baritone; was particularly associated with the operas of [[Verdi]]
* [[Mattia Battistini]] (1856–1928), operatic baritone; a great master of [[bel canto]]
* [[Renato Bruson]] (born 1934), operatic baritone; one of the most important [[Baritone#Verdi baritone|Verdi baritones]] of the late 20th and early 21st century
* [[Piero Cappuccilli]] (1926–2005), operatic baritone; enjoyed a 35-year career during which he was widely regarded as the leading Italian baritone of his generation<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1091366/Piero-Cappuccilli "Piero Cappuccilli." ''Britannica Book of the Year, 2006. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.''] Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Antonio Cotogni]] (1831–1918), operatic baritone
* [[Giuseppe De Luca]] (1876–1950), operatic baritone
* [[Tito Gobbi]] (1913–1984), operatic baritone; he sang in most of the great opera houses and was acclaimed for his acting ability
* [[Rolando Panerai]] (1924–2019), baritone; début Florence (1946) with ''[[Lucia di Lammermoor]]''
* [[Giorgio Ronconi]] (1810–1890), operatic baritone; one of the most popular artists on the lyric stage until his retirement in 1866
* [[Titta Ruffo]] (1877–1953), operatic baritone
* [[Giuseppe Taddei]] (1916–2010), baritone; he has performed more than 100 operatic roles over six decades
==== Basses ====
* [[Salvatore Baccaloni]] (1900–1969), operatic bass; known for his large repertory, he sang nearly 170 roles in five languages
* [[Sesto Bruscantini]] (1919–2003), operatic bass-baritone, [[buffo]] singer
* [[Enzo Dara]] (1938–2017), bass buffo; one of the foremost performers of his generation
* [[Nazzareno De Angelis]] (1881–1962), operatic bass, particularly associated with [[Verdi]], [[Rossini]] and [[Wagner]] roles
* [[Ferruccio Furlanetto]] (born 1949), bass; known as a brilliant interpreter in the Italian repertoire and as a Mozart-singer
* [[Luigi Lablache]] (1794–1858), operatic bass admired for his musicianship and acting
* [[Tancredi Pasero]] (1893–1983), bass; particularly associated with the Italian repertory
* [[Ezio Pinza]] (1892–1957), operatic performer who was the leading basso at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City (1926–1948)
* [[Cesare Siepi]] (1923–2010), bass singer who won over audiences worldwide in signature roles such as Don Giovanni and Figaro in ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]''
== Painters ==
{{see also|List of Italian painters}}
=== Ancient Rome ===
{{See also|Category:Ancient Roman painters}}
* [[Amulius (painter)|Amulius]] (1st century AD), Roman painter. One of the principal painters of the ''[[Domus Aurea]]''
* [[Furius Dionysius Philocalus (chronograph)|Furius Dionysius Philocalus]] (4th century AD), Roman chronograph and painter
* [[Pacuvius]] (220–130 BC), Roman writer and painter
* [[Studius (painter)|Studius]] (1st century BC and 1st century AD), Roman painter of the Augustan period
=== Middle Ages ===
{{See also|Category:Italian painters}}
* [[Altichiero]] (c. 1330 – c. 1390), painter who was the effective founder of the Veronese school and perhaps the most significant northern Italian artist of the 14th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/17712/Altichiero "Altichiero"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 27 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Bonaventura Berlinghieri]] (''fl.'' 1235–1244), painter of the [[Gothic art|Gothic period]]. His most celebrated work is ''St. Francis of Assisi'' (1235); one of the earliest icons of the [[Francis of Assisi|Saint]]
* [[Pietro Cavallini]] (c. 1250 – c. 1330), painter and mosaicist. His surviving works are frescoes in [[Santa Cecilia in Trastevere]] and in [[Santa Maria Donna Regina Vecchia]]
* [[Cimabue]] (before 1251–1302), painter and mosaicist. Among his works may be cited the ''Sta. Trinità Madonna'' (c. 1290) and the ''Madonna Enthroned with St. Francis'' (c. 1290 – 95)
* [[Coppo di Marcovaldo]] (''fl.'' 1260–1276), painter, one of the earliest about whom there is a body of documented knowledge. His one signed work is the ''[[Madonna del Bordone]]'' (1261)
* [[Bernardo Daddi]] (c. 1280 – 1348), painter, the outstanding painter in Florence in the period after the death of Giotto (who was possibly his teacher)<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Bernardo_Daddi.aspx#2 "Daddi, Bernardo"] ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Web. 26 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Duccio]] (''fl.'' 1278–1319), painter. Founder of the [[Sienese school]]. His most celebrated work is a large altar called the ''[[Maestà (Duccio)|Maestà]]'' (1308–1311) in the [[Siena Cathedral|Siena cathedral]]
* [[Taddeo Gaddi]] (c. 1300 – 1366), painter and architect, known for the fresco series ''Life of the Virgin'' (completed in 1338)
* [[Giottino]] (''fl.'' 1324–1369), painter of the school of Giotto. He has been credited with frescoes in [[Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence]], and in the Lower [[Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi|Church of St. Francis]] in [[Assisi]]
* [[Giotto di Bondone]] (1266/7–1337), painter, the first of the great Italian masters.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/234069/Giotto-di-Bondone "Giotto di Bondone"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref> His work includes cycles of frescoes in [[Assisi]], the [[Arena Chapel]] in [[Padua]] and the [[Church of Santa Croce]]
* [[Guido of Siena]] (13th century), painter. One of the innovators in Italian art after the dominance of the [[Byzantine art|Byzantine style]]
* [[Ambrogio Lorenzetti]] (c. 1290 – 1348), painter of the Sienese school. Known for the cycle of frescoes (1337–39) in the [[Palazzo Pubblico]], [[Siena]]
* [[Pietro Lorenzetti]] (c. 1280 – 1348), painter of the Sienese school. His ''[[Nativity of the Virgin (Pietro Lorenzetti)|Nativity of the Virgin]]'' (c. 1335 – 1342), is notable for his handling of perspective
* [[Simone Martini]] (c. 1284 – 1344), painter, important exponent of Gothic art. Among his works may be cited the ''Maestà'' fresco (1315) and ''Annunciation and two Saints'' (1333)
* [[Lippo Memmi]] (c. 1291 – 1356), painter from [[Siena]]. One of the artists who worked at the [[Orvieto Cathedral]], for which he finished the ''Madonna dei Raccomandati'' (c. 1320)
* [[Orcagna]] (c. 1308 – 1368), painter, sculptor and architect. He was one of the leading artists of his day<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Orcagna.aspx#4 "Orcagna"] ''The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition''. Web. 24 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Paolo Veneziano]] (''fl.'' 1333–1358), painter and possibly illuminator. He was by far the most prolific and influential Venetian painter of the early 14th century<ref>"Paolo Veneziano." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 8 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Giunta Pisano]] (''fl.'' 1236–1255),<ref>[https://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/giunta_pisano.jsp "Giunta Pisano"]{{dead link|date=July 2021}} 3 March 2011.</ref> painter. Three large [[Crucifixion]]s are ascribed to the same master, whose signature can be traced on them
* [[Piero da Rimini]], early 14th century, painter.
* [[Jacopo Torriti]] (''fl.'' 1270–1300), painter and mosaicist. His work is now known only from two highly prominent signed apse [[mosaic]]s in the basilicas of [[St. John Lateran]] and [[Santa Maria Maggiore]]
=== Renaissance and Mannerism ===
* [[Mariotto Albertinelli]] (1474–1515), painter, known for ''The Visitation'' (1503) and ''The Annunciation'' (1510)
* [[Alessandro Allori]] (1535–1607), painter. His varied output included altarpieces, portraits, and tapestry designs. The ''Pearl Fishing'' (1570–1572) is generally considered his masterpiece
* [[Andrea del Castagno]] (c. 1421 – 1457), painter in the early Florentine Renaissance. Known for a series of monumental frescoes depicting the [[Last Supper]]
* [[Andrea del Sarto]] (1486–1530), painter. His most striking among other well-known works is the series of frescoes on the life of St. John the Baptist in the Chiostro dello Scalzo (c. 1515 – 1526)
* [[Andrea del Verrocchio]] (c. 1435 – 1488), sculptor and painter. Among his principal paintings are ''[[The Baptism of Christ (Verrocchio)|Baptism of Christ]]'' (1472–1475) and several versions of the Madonna and Child
* [[Sofonisba Anguissola]] (c. 1535 – 1625), painter, mainly of portraits, the first woman artist to win international renown<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Sofonisba_Anguissola.aspx#2 "Anguissola, Sofonisba"] ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Web. 26 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Antonello da Messina]] (c. 1430 – 1479), [[Sicily|Sicilian]] painter. Major works were [[altarpiece]]s and [[portrait]]s
* [[Antonio da Correggio]] (1489–1534), painter, known for the frescoes in the domes of [[San Giovanni Evangelista, Parma|San Giovanni Evangelista]] and the [[Cathedral of Parma]], where he worked from 1520 to 1530
* [[Giuseppe Arcimboldo]] (1527–1593), painter, famous for his allegorical or symbolical compositions in which he arranged objects such as fruits and vegetables into the form of the human face
* [[Alesso Baldovinetti]] (1425–1499), painter. He contributed importantly to the fledgling art of landscape painting<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/49990/Alessio-Baldovinetti "Alessio Baldovinetti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Jacopo de' Barbari]] (c. 1440–before 1516), painter and printmaker. His few surviving paintings (about twelve) include the first known example of ''[[trompe-l'œil]]'' since antiquity
* [[Federico Barocci]] (c. 1526 – 1612), leading painter of the central Italian school in the last decades of the 16th century and an important precursor of the [[Baroque painting|Baroque style]]
* [[Jacopo Bassano]] (c. 1510 – 1592), painter of the [[Venetian school (art)|Venetian school]], known for his religious paintings, lush landscapes, and scenes of everyday life
* [[Domenico di Pace Beccafumi]] (1486–1551), painter, sculptor, draughtsman, printmaker and illuminator. He was one of the protagonists of Tuscan Mannerism<ref>"Domenico (di Giacomo di Pace) Beccafumi." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 3 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Gentile Bellini]] (c. 1429 – 1507), painter, member of the founding family of the [[Venetian school (art)|Venetian school]] of Renaissance painting, known for his portraiture and his scenes of Venice
* [[Giovanni Bellini]] (c. 1430 – 1516), painter. Among his works may be cited ''[[St. Francis in Ecstasy (Bellini)|St. Francis in Ecstasy]]'' (c. 1480) and ''[[Portrait of Doge Leonardo Loredan]]'' (1501)
* [[Jacopo Bellini]] (c. 1400 – c. 1470), painter who introduced the principles of Florentine early [[Renaissance art]] into Venice<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59879/Jacopo-Bellini "Jacopo Bellini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 8 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Ambrogio Bergognone]] (c. 1470 – 1523/1524), painter. His most important works are the frescoes in the [[Certosa di Pavia]]
* [[Boccaccio Boccaccino]] (c. 1467 – c. 1525), painter. His most impressive work is the fresco cycle of the ''Life of the Virgin'' along the nave in the cathedral at Cremona
* [[Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio]] (1466/1467–1516), painter. He was a pupil of Leonardo da Vinci, whose style he adhered to faithfully
* [[Paris Bordone]] (1500–1571), painter of religious, mythological, and anecdotal subjects, known for his striking sexualized paintings of women
* [[Sandro Botticelli]] (c. 1445 – 1510), painter of the Florentine school. The ''[[Primavera (painting)|Primavera]]'' (c. 1482) and ''[[The Birth of Venus (Botticelli)|The Birth of Venus]]'' (c. 1486) rank now among the most familiar masterpieces of Florentine art
* [[Francesco Botticini]] (1446–1498), painter profoundly influenced by Castagno; worked under and was formed by Cosimo Rosselli and Verrocchio
* [[Bramantino]] (c. 1456 – c. 1530), painter and architect, a follower of Bramante, from whom he takes his nickname
* [[Bronzino]] (1503–1572), painter. He is noted chiefly for his stylized portraits. Of his religious works, ''[[Deposition of Christ (Bronzino)|Deposition of Christ]]'' (1540–1545) is the most famous
* [[Luca Cambiasi]] (1527–1585), painter and draughtsman. He was the outstanding Genoese painter of the 16th century
* [[Vittore Carpaccio]] (c. 1460 – 1525/1526), painter active in Venice, known for the cycle depicting the life of [[Saint Ursula]] and the [[Saint George]] series
* [[Cennino Cennini]] (c. 1370 – c. 1440), painter, known for writing ''Il libro dell'arte'' (1437), source on the methods, techniques, and attitudes of medieval artists<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/101909/Cennino-Cennini "Cennino Cennini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 7 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Cigoli]] (1559–1613), painter, draughtsman, architect and scenographer. He was one of the most influential artists in 17th-century Florence<ref>"Lodovico Cigoli." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 3 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Cima da Conegliano]] (c. 1459 – c. 1517), painter of the Venetian school whose style was marked by its use of landscape and by airy, luminous colour
* [[Niccolò Antonio Colantonio]] (''fl.'' 1440–1470), painter, based in [[Naples]], where he painted religious paintings in a style marked by Flemish influence
* [[Francesco del Cossa]] (c. 1430 – c. 1477), painter of the Ferrarese school, best known works are the frescoes in the [[Palazzo Schifanoia]] at [[Ferrara]] (probably commissioned in 1469)
* [[Lorenzo Costa]] (1460–1535), painter of the Ferrarese and Bolognese schools, known for his painting the ''Madonna and Child with the Bentivoglio family'' (1483)
* [[Carlo Crivelli]] (c. 1435 – c. 1495), painter. All his works were of religious subjects, done in an elaborate, old-fashioned style reminiscent of the linearism of Andrea Mantegna
* [[Daniele da Volterra]] (c. 1509 – 1566), painter and sculptor, noted for his finely drawn, highly idealized figures done in the style of Michelangelo
* [[Ercole de' Roberti]] (c. 1451 – 1496), painter. His dynamic figurative compositions are marked by an exceptional intensity of feeling
* [[Francesco de' Rossi (Il Salviati)|Francesco de' Rossi]] (1510–1563), painter and designer, one of the leading Mannerist fresco painters of the Florentine-Roman school<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/520105/Francesco-Salviati "Francesco Salviati"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 7 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Niccolò dell'Abbate]] (1509 or 1512–1571), painter and decorator. He is credited with introducing [[landscape painting]] in France
* [[Dosso Dossi]] (c. 1490 – 1542), painter and leader of the [[School of Ferrara (painting)|Ferrarese school]] in the 16th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/169757/Dosso-Dossi "Dosso Dossi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 26 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Gaudenzio Ferrari]] (c. 1471 – 1546), painter and sculptor, one of the leading representatives of the Lombard school
* [[Rosso Fiorentino]] (1494–1540), painter. His masterpiece is generally considered to be the ''Deposition'' or ''[[Descent from the Cross]]'' [[altarpiece]] in the Pinacoteca Comunale di [[Volterra]]
* [[Lavinia Fontana]] (1552–1614), painter. She was one of the first women painters in European history to have enjoyed professional success<ref>Robin, Diana Maury; Larsen, Anne R.; Levin, Carole. [https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ8mdTjxungC&pg= ''Encyclopedia of women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England.''] ABC-CLIO, 2007. p. 147. Web. 6 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Prospero Fontana]] (1512–1597), painter, father of Lavinia Fontana. One of the leading painters in Bologna
* [[Vincenzo Foppa]] (c. 1430 – c. 1515), painter, leading figure in 15th-century Lombard art<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/212923/Vincenzo-Foppa "Vincenzo Foppa"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 6 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Fra Angelico]] (c. 1395 – 1455), painter. His best-known works are frescoes at the monastery of [[San Marco, Florence]], and in the chapel of [[Pope Nicholas V]] in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]]
* [[Fra Bartolomeo]] (1472–1517), painter, a leading figure of the High Renaissance. Noted for his austere religious works
* [[Franciabigio]] (1482–1525), painter, known for his portraits and religious paintings
* [[Agnolo Gaddi]] (c. 1350 – 1396), painter. He was an influential and prolific artist who was the last major Florentine painter stylistically descended from Giotto<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/223286/Agnolo-Gaddi "Agnolo Gaddi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 7 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Fede Galizia]] (1578–1630), painter, one of the earliest [[still life]] painters in Italy, who was also known for miniature portraits, landscapes, and religious subjects
* [[Gentile da Fabriano]] (c. 1370 – 1427), painter, one of the outstanding exponents of the elegant [[international Gothic]] style<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Gentile_da_Fabriano.aspx#4 "Gentile da Fabriano"] ''The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition''. Web. 22 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Domenico Ghirlandaio]] (1449–1494), painter. His most famous achievement is his fresco cycle of the life of [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Mary]] and St. [[John the Baptist]] for the choir of [[Santa Maria Novella]] (1485–1490)
* [[Ridolfo Ghirlandaio]] (1483–1561), painter. He was the son of Domenico Ghirlandaio, and was trained in his father's workshop
* [[Giorgione]] (c. 1477/8–1510), painter of the Venetian school. His ''[[The Tempest (Giorgione)|The Tempest]]'' (c. 1508), a milestone in Renaissance landscape painting
* [[Giovanni da Udine]] (1487–1564), painter and architect. A pupil of Raphael and one of his assistants in painting the frescoes of the Vatican
* [[Giovanni di Paolo]] (c. 1403 – 1482), painter. One of the most attractive and idiosyncratic painters of the Sienese School
* [[Stefano di Giovanni]] (c. 1400 – 1450), painter of the Sienese school, is noted for the gentle piety of his art
* [[Benozzo Gozzoli]] (c. 1421 – 1497), painter. He is famous for his numerous frescos, such as ''The Journey of the Magi to Bethlehem'' (1459–1461) in the Medici Palace, Florence
* [[Leonardo da Vinci]] (1452–1519), painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer and scientist. The supreme example of [[Renaissance]] [[genius]]. Author of ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' (c. 1503 – 1506)
* [[Filippino Lippi]] (c. 1457 – 1504), painter. His most popular painting is the ''[[Apparition of the Virgin to St Bernard (Filippino Lippi)|Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard]]'' altarpiece (1480)
* [[Filippo Lippi]] (c. 1406 – 1469), painter. His finest fresco cycle is in [[Prato cathedral]] and depicts the lives of [[St. Stephen]] and St. [[John the Baptist]]
* [[Gian Paolo Lomazzo]] (1538–1592), painter. His first work, ''Trattato dell'arte della pittura, scoltura et architettura'' (1584) is in part a guide to contemporary concepts of [[decorum]]
* [[Lorenzo di Credi]] (1459–1537), painter and sculptor. Examples of his art are the ''[[:File:Lorenzo di Credi 001.jpg|Madonna with Child and Two Saints]]'' and ''[[:File:Lorenco di Credi-Adoration.jpg|Adoration]]''
* [[Lorenzo Monaco]] (c. 1370 – c. 1425), painter, one of the leading artists in Florence at the beginning of the 15th century<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Lorenzo_Monaco.aspx#2 "Lorenzo Monaco"] ''The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition''. Web. 24 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Lorenzo Lotto]] (c. 1480 – 1556), painter known for his perceptive portraits and mystical paintings of religious subjects
* [[Bernardino Luini]] (c. 1480/1482–1532), painter, known for his mythological and religious frescoes
* [[Andrea Mantegna]] (c. 1431 – 1506), painter. His most important works were nine tempera pictures of ''[[Triumph of Caesar]]'' (c. 1486) and his decoration of the ceiling of the [[Camera degli Sposi]]
* [[Masaccio]] (1401–1428), painter. His most famous works are the frescoes in the [[Brancacci Chapel]] and in the church of [[Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence|Santa Maria del Carmine]], in [[Florence]]
* [[Masolino da Panicale]] (c. 1383 – c. 1447), painter of the Florentine school. He collaborated with Masaccio, in a cycle of frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel in Santa Maria del Carmine, in Florence
* [[Melozzo da Forlì]] (c. 1438 – 1494), painter of the Umbrian school. One of the great fresco artists of the 15th century
* [[Michelangelo]] (1475–1564), sculptor, painter, architect and poet who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of [[Western art]].<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/379957/Michelangelo "Michelangelo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref> Author of ''[[The Creation of Adam]]'' (c. 1511)
* [[Moretto da Brescia]] (c. 1498 – 1554), painter. Together with [[Romanino]] and [[Girolamo Savoldo]], he was one of the most distinguished painters of Brescia of the 16th century<ref>"Moretto (da Brescia)." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 6 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Battista Moroni]] (c. 1520/1524–1578), painter. He was known for his sober and dignified portraits
* [[Palma Giovane]] (1548/1550–1628), painter. The leading Venetian painter and draftsman of the late 16th and early 17th centuries
* [[Palma Vecchio]] (c. 1480 – 1528), painter of the High Renaissance, noted for the craftsmanship of his religious and mythological works
* [[Parmigianino]] (1503–1540), painter, one of the first artists to develop the elegant and sophisticated version of [[Mannerist style]]
* [[Perino del Vaga]] (1501–1547), painter. A pupil and assistant of Raphael Sanzio in Rome, he carried out decorations in the Logge of the Vatican from Raphael's designs
* [[Francesco Pesellino]] (1422–1457), painter of the Florentine school who excelled in the execution of small-scale paintings
* [[Piero della Francesca]] (c. 1415 – 1492), painter and mathematician. His most famous cycle, ''[[The History of the True Cross]]'' (1452–1466), depicts scenes from the [[Golden Legend]]
* [[Piero di Cosimo]] (1462–1521), painter noted for his eccentric character and his fanciful mythological paintings<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/459865/Piero-di-Cosimo "Piero di Cosimo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 27 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Pietro Perugino]] (1446–1524), painter. One of his most famous masterpieces is ''[[:File:Perugino Keys.jpg|The Delivery of the Keys]]'' (1481–1482), in the [[Sistine Chapel]]
* [[Pinturicchio]] (1454–1513), painter, known for his highly decorative frescoes. His most elaborate project was the decoration of the [[Cathedral of Siena]]
* [[Pisanello]] (c. 1395 – 1455), medalist and painter. He is regarded as the foremost exponent of the [[International Gothic]] style in Italian painting<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Pisanello.aspx#4 "Pisanello"] ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Web. 23 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Polidoro da Caravaggio]] (c. 1499 – 1543), painter. One of the most original and innovative artists of the mid-16th century<ref>National Gallery (Great Britain). [https://books.google.com/books?ei=g1POTcWNOIbXsgaYle2ZBw&ct=result&id=cZ7rAAAAMAAJ&dq= ''The National Gallery review.''] National Gallery Publications, 2002. p. 20. Web. 14 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Antonio del Pollaiolo]] (1429/1433–1498), painter, sculptor, goldsmith, and engraver, was a master of anatomical rendering and excelled in action subjects, notably [[mythologies]]
* [[Pontormo]] (1494–1557), painter. He is thought to have painted ''[[Vertumnus and Pomona (Pontormo)|Vertumnus and Pomona]]'' (1520–1521), which shows qualities characteristic of mannerism
* [[Il Pordenone]] (c. 1484 – 1539), painter chiefly known for his frescoes of religious subjects
* [[Francesco Primaticcio]] (1504–1570), painter, architect, sculptor, and leader of the first [[school of Fontainebleau]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/476288/Francesco-Primaticcio "Francesco Primaticcio"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 14 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Francesco Raibolini]] (c. 1450 – 1517), painter, goldsmith and medallist. His major surviving paintings are altarpieces, mostly images of the Virgin and saints
* [[Raphael]] (1483–1520), painter and architect, expressed the ideals of the [[High Renaissance]], known for his [[Madonna (art)|Madonnas]]
* [[Giulio Romano]] (c. 1499 – 1546), painter and architect. Well-known oils include ''The Stoning of St. Stephen'' (Church of Santo Stefano, [[Genoa]]) and ''Adoration of the Magi'' ([[The Louvre|Louvre]])
* [[Cosimo Rosselli]] (1439–1507), painter. Of his many works in Florence the most famous is ''The Miracle-working Chalice'' in Sant' Ambrogio, a work that includes many contemporary portraits<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Cosimo_Rosselli.aspx#1 "Cosimo Rosselli"] ''The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition''. Web. 27 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Andrea Schiavone]] (c. 1510/15–1563), painter and etcher. His most characteristic works were fairly small religious or mythological pictures for private patrons
* [[Sebastiano del Piombo]] (c. 1485 – 1547), painter of the Venetian School, known for his portraits, including his portrayal of [[Pope Clement VII]] (1526)
* [[Luca Signorelli]] (c. 1445 – 1523), painter, known for his nudes and for his novel compositional devices. His masterpiece is the fresco cycle in [[Orvieto Cathedral]]
* [[Il Sodoma]] (1477–1549), painter, a master of the human figure and leading pupil of Leonardo da Vinci
* [[Francesco Squarcione]] (c. 1395 – after 1468), painter who founded the Paduan school and is known for being the teacher of Andrea Mantegna and other noteworthy painters<ref>Britannica Educational Publishing. [https://books.google.com/books?id=L1thSSsLANkC&pg= ''One hundred most influential painters and sculptors of the Renaissance.''] The Rosen Publishing Group, 2009. p. 43. Web. 14 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Taddeo di Bartolo]] (c. 1362 – 1422), painter. He was the leading painter in [[Siena]] in the first two decades of the 15th century and also worked in and for other cities<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/taddeo-di-bartolo/ "Taddèo di Bartolo (o Taddeo Bartoli)"] ''Treccani, il portale del sapere''. Web. 7 May 2011. {{in lang|it}}</ref>
* [[Antonio Tempesta]] (1555–1630), painter and engraver from Florence who specialised in pastoral scenes
* [[Pellegrino Tibaldi]] (1527–1596), painter, sculptor, and architect who spread the style of Italian Mannerist painting in Spain during the late 16th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/594849/Pellegrino-Tibaldi "Pellegrino Tibaldi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 14 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Tintoretto]] (1518–1594), painter of the Venetian school. One of the most important artists of the late Renaissance. His works include ''[[St. George and the Dragon#Treatment by artists|St. George and the Dragon]]'' (1555)
* [[Titian]] (c. 1488/1490–1576), painter of the [[Venetian school (art)|Venetian school]], noted for his religious and mythological works, such as ''[[Bacchus and Ariadne]]'' (1520–1523), and his portraits
* [[Cosimo Tura]] (c. 1430 – 1495), painter who was the founder and the first significant figure of the 15th-century school of Ferrara<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/609470/Cosme-Tura "Cosmè Tura"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 27 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Paolo Uccello]] (1397–1475), painter. His three panels depicting ''[[The Battle of San Romano]]'' (1438), combine the decorative late Gothic style with the new heroic style of the early Renaissance
* [[Bartolomeo Veneto]] (''fl.'' 1502–1546), painter who worked in Northern Italy in an area bounded by Venice and Milan
* [[Domenico Veneziano]] (c. 1410 – 1461), painter. In [[Florence]] he created his most celebrated work, the ''[[:File:Domenico Veneziano 002.jpg|St. Lucy Altarpiece]]'' (c. 1445 – 1447)
* [[Paolo Veronese]] (1528–1588), painter of the Venetian school, famous for paintings such as ''[[The Wedding at Cana]]'' (1563) and ''[[The Feast in the House of Levi]]'' (1573)
* [[Alvise Vivarini]] (1442/1453–1503/1505), painter in the late Gothic style whose father, [[Antonio Vivarini|Antonio]], was the founder of the influential Vivarini family of Venetian artists
* [[Bartolomeo Vivarini]] (c. 1432 – c. 1499), painter and member of the influential Vivarini family of Venetian artists
* [[Jacopo Zabolino]] (active 1461–1494) painter of frescoes of a mainly religious theme
* [[Federico Zuccari]] (c. 1540/1541–1609), painter and architect. He was the author of ''L'idea de' Pittori, Scultori, ed Architetti'' (1607)
* [[Taddeo Zuccari]] (1529–1566), painter. One of the most popular members of the Roman mannerist school
=== Baroque and Rococo ===
* [[Francesco Albani]] (1578–1660), painter, known for paintings of mythological and poetic subjects
* [[Giacomo Alberelli]] (1600–1650), painter, pupil of [[Jacopo Palma the Younger]]
* [[Cristofano Allori]] (1577–1621), painter. He became one of the foremost Florentine artists of the early Baroque period, also winning renown as a courtier, poet, musician and lover<ref>"Cristofano Allori." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 7 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Jacopo Amigoni]] (1682–1752), painter and etcher. His oeuvre includes decorative frescoes for churches and palaces, history and mythological paintings and a few etchings
* [[Leonardo dell'Arca]] (active c. 1600), engraver. His work is held permanently at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O760390/design-for-a-dellarca-leonardo/|title=Design for a cartouche – dell'Arca, Leonardo – V&A Search the Collections|website=collections.vam.ac.uk}}</ref>
* [[Marcello Bacciarelli]] (1731–1818), painter working at the royal court in [[Warsaw]], who captured seminal moments in Polish history on canvas
* [[Sisto Badalocchio]] (1585 – c. 1647), painter and engraver. His most important work are the frescoes in the cupola and pendentives of St. [[John the Baptist]] (Reggio Emilia)<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/sisto-badalocchio/ "Badalòcchio (o Badalòcchi), Sisto"] ''Treccani, il portale del sapere''. Web. 25 April 2011. {{in lang|it}}</ref>
* [[Pompeo Batoni]] (1708–1787), painter
* [[Bernardo Bellotto]] (1720–1780), painter of [[vedute]] ("view paintings")
* [[Guido Cagnacci]] (1601–1663), painter. Particularly noteworthy are his altarpieces of the ''Virgin and Child with Three Carmelite Saints'' (c. 1631) and ''Christ with Saints Joseph and Eligius'' (1635)
* [[Canaletto]] (1697–1768), painter and etcher, noted particularly for his highly detailed paintings of cities, esp [[Venice]], which are marked by strong contrasts of light and shade
* [[Battistello Caracciolo]] (1578–1635), painter. Caravaggesque painter and the founder of Neapolitan Caravaggism<ref>"Giovanni Battista Caracciolo." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 8 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Caravaggio]] (1571–1610), painter of the [[baroque]] whose influential works, such as ''[[The Entombment of Christ (Caravaggio)|The Entombment of Christ]]'' (1602–1603), are marked by intense realism and revolutionary use of light
* [[Annibale Carracci]] (1560–1609), painter. Well known among his numerous works are ''[[The Beaneater]]'' (1580–1590), ''[[The Choice of Hercules (Carracci)|The Choice of Hercules]]'' (1596) and ''[[Domine quo vadis? (Annibale Carracci)|Domine quo vadis?]] '' (c. 1603)
* [[Ludovico Carracci]] (1555–1619), painter, draughtsman and etcher born in [[Bologna]]
* [[Rosalba Carriera]] (1675–1757), portrait painter and miniaturist, Rococo style, known for her work in pastels<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/97038/Rosalba-Carriera "Rosalba Carriera"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 27 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Crespi]] (1665–1747), painter of the Bolognese school, known for the imposing paintings of the ''[[Seven Sacraments (paintings)|Seven Sacraments]]'' (1712)
* [[Carlo Dolci]] (1616–1686), [[Florence|Florentine]] painter, known for his paintings of the heads and half-figures of Jesus and the Mater Dolorosa
* [[Domenichino]] (1581–1641), painter of the baroque eclectic school who is noted for his religious and mythological works, including several frescoes of [[Saint Cecilia]]
* [[Domenico Fetti]] (c. 1589 – 1623), painter whose best-known works are small representations of [[Parables of Jesus|biblical parables]]
* [[Giovanni Battista Gaulli]] (1639–1709), painter. He was a celebrated artist of the Roman High Baroque. ''[[:File:Rome-EgliseGesu-Fresque.jpg|Worship of the Holy Name of Jesus]]'' (1674–1679) is his most noted work
* [[Artemisia Gentileschi]] (1593–1653), painter. Among her works may be cited ''[[:File:Susanna and the Elders (1610), Artemisia Gentileschi.jpg|Susanna and the Elders]]'' (1610) and ''[[:File:GENTILESCHI Judith.jpg|Judith Slaying Holofernes]]'' (1614–1620)
* [[Orazio Gentileschi]] (1563–1639), painter. ''[[The Annunciation (Gentileschi)|The Annunciation]]'' (1623), painted in [[Genoa]] and now in the [[Galleria Sabauda]] of [[Turin]], is considered by several authorities his masterpiece
* [[Luca Giordano]] (1634–1705), painter, the most important Italian decorative artist of the second half of the 17th century
* [[Francesco Guardi]] (1712–1793), painter, a follower of Canaletto. His many charming landscapes are in the galleries of London, Paris, [[Venice]] and [[Boston]]
* [[Guercino]] (1591–1666), painter. Extremely skillful, prolific, and quick to finish his work, he was known for his frescoes, altarpieces, oils, and drawings
* [[Giovanni Lanfranco]] (1582–1647), painter, one of the foremost artists of the High Baroque. His masterpiece is the ''[[Assumption of the Virgin (Lanfranco)|Assumption of the Virgin]]'' in the dome of [[Sant'Andrea della Valle]] (1625–1627)
* [[Pietro Longhi]] (1702–1785), painter, known for his small pictures depicting the life of upper-middle-class Venetians of his day
* [[Alessandro Magnasco]] (1667–1749), painter, known for his scenes of disembodied, flame-like figures in stormy landscapes or cavernous interiors
* [[Bartolomeo Manfredi]] (1582–1622), painter, active mainly in Rome, where he was one of the most important of Caravaggio's followers
* [[Carlo Maratta]] (1625–1713), painter and engraver of the Roman school; one of the last great masters of Baroque classicism
* [[Pietro Novelli]] (1603–1647), painter. Probably the most distinguished Sicilian painter of the 17th century<ref>Held, Julius Samuel. [https://books.google.com/books?id=p89GAQAAIAAJ&q= ''Paintings of the European and American schools'']. Museo de Arte de Ponce, 1965. p. 126. Web. 9 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Paolo Panini]] (1691–1765), the foremost painter of Roman topography in the 18th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/441423/Giovanni-Paolo-Pannini "Giovanni Paolo Pannini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 23 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Battista Piazzetta]] (1682–1754), painter, illustrator and designer. His most popular work is the celebrated ''[[Fortune Teller (Piazzetta)|Fortune Teller]]'' (1740)
* [[Andrea Pozzo]] (1642–1709), painter, a leading exponent of the baroque style. His masterpiece is the nave ceiling of the Church of [[Sant'Ignazio]] in Rome
* [[Mattia Preti]] (1613–1699), painter, called ''Il Calabrese'' for his birthplace. His most substantial undertaking was the decoration of [[St. John's Co-Cathedral|St. John's]], [[Valletta]]
* [[Guido Reni]] (1575–1642), painter noted for the classical idealism of his renderings of mythological and religious subjects
* [[Sebastiano Ricci]] (1659–1734), painter. He is remembered for his decorative paintings, which mark the transition between the late Baroque and the development of the Rococo style
* [[Salvator Rosa]] (1615–1673), painter, etcher and poet, known for his spirited battle pieces painted in the style of [[Aniello Falcone|Falcone]], for his marines, and especially for his landscapes
* [[Francesco Solimena]] (1657–1747), painter. The leading artist of the Neapolitan Baroque during the first half of the 18th century<ref>Percy, Ann; Cazort, Mimi. [https://books.google.com/books?id=oJlBmGKWAUwC&pg= ''Italian master drawings at the Philadelphia Museum of Art''.] Penn State Press, 2004. p. 160. Web. 6 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Massimo Stanzione]] (c. 1586 – c. 1656), painter. His style has a distinctive refinement and grace that has earned him the nickname "the Neapolitan [[Guido Reni]]."<ref>"Cavaliere Massimo Stanzione." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 9 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Bernardo Strozzi]] (c. 1581 – 1644), painter
* [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo]] (1696–1770), painter. His frescoes in the [[Palazzo Labia]] and the doge's palace won him international fame
* [[Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo]] (1727–1804), painter and printmaker. His most noted early works are the chinoiserie decorations of the Villa Valmarana in [[Vicenza]] (1757)
=== The 1800s ===
* [[Giuseppe Abbati]] (1836–1868), painter of the macchiaioli group
* [[Andrea Appiani]] (1754–1817), fresco painter active in [[Milan]] and a court painter of [[Napoleon]]
* [[Giovanni Boldini]] (1842–1931), painter, one of the most renowned society portraitists of his day. He worked mainly in Paris, where he settled in 1872
* [[Constantino Brumidi]] (1805–1880), Italian-American painter, whose best-known works are his frescoes in the [[United States Capitol|Capitol]] building, Washington, D.C.
* [[Vincenzo Camuccini]] (1771–1844), painter. His many drawings reveal a fluid technique and lively artistic imagination
* [[Antonio Ciseri]] (1821–1891), painter of religious subjects
* [[Giuseppe De Nittis]] (1846–1884), painter, mainly of landscapes and scenes of city life
* [[Giacomo Di Chirico]] (1844–1883), Neapolitan painter
* [[Giovanni Fattori]] (1825–1908), painter; leading figure of the [[macchiaioli]] school
* [[Teresa Fioroni-Voigt]] (1799–1880), was a miniaturist
* [[Francesco Hayez]] (1791–1882), painter, the leading artist of [[Romanticism]] in mid-19th-century [[Milan]]. His masterpiece is ''[[The Kiss (Hayez painting)|The Kiss]]'' (1859)
* [[Cesare Maccari]] (1840–1919), painter and sculptor, most famous for his fresco at [[Palazzo Madama]] portraying ''[[:File:Maccari-Cicero.jpg|Cicero revealing Catilina's plot]]'' (1888)
* [[Romualdo Prati]] (1874–1930), painter, mostly known for portraits. He also worked in Brazil.
* [[Giovanni Segantini]] (1858–1899), painter known for his Alpine landscapes and allegorical pictures, which blended Symbolist content with the technique of Neo-Impressionism
=== The 1900s ===
* [[Pietro Annigoni]] (1910–1988), painter (and occasional sculptor), the only artist of his time to become internationally famous as a society and state [[portraitist]]<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Pietro_Annigoni.aspx#2 "Annigoni, Pietro"] ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Web. 21 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Giacomo Balla]] (1871–1958), painter, sculptor, stage designer, decorative artist and actor. He was one of the originators of [[Futurism]]
* [[Alziro Bergonzo]] (1906–1997), architect and painter
* [[Vincenzo Bianchini]] (1903–2000), painter, sculptor, writer, poet, doctor and philosopher
* [[Umberto Boccioni]] (1882–1916), painter, sculptor and theorist. His painting ''[[The City Rises]]'' (1910) is a dynamic composition of swirling human figures in a fragmented crowd scene
* [[Alberto Burri]] (1915–1995), painter and sculptor. He was one of the first artists to exploit the evocative force of waste materials, looking forward to [[Trash art#Trash art|Trash art]] in America and [[Arte Povera]] in Italy
* [[Aldo Carpi]] (1886–1973), rector of the [[Brera Academy]] and author of a collection of memoirs concerning his imprisonment in the infamous [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp]].
* [[Carlo Carrà]] (1881–1966), painter, known for his still lifes in the style of Metaphysical painting
* [[Bruno Caruso]] (1927–2018), painter, illustrator and political activist. He was a celebrated Italian [[Social Realist]] and member of the [[Italian neorealism]] movement.
* [[Nicoletta Ceccoli]] (born 1973), children's book illustrator
* [[Francesco Clemente]] (born 1952), painter and draftsman whose dramatic figural imagery was a major component in the revitalization of Italian art beginning in the 1980s
* [[Enzo Cucchi]] (born 1949), painter, draughtsman and sculptor. He was a key member of the Italian [[Transavantgarde]] movement
* [[Giorgio de Chirico]] (1888–1978), painter, founder of the ''[[Metaphysical art|scuola metafisica]]'' art movement
* [[Annalaura di Luggo]]
* [[Lazzaro Donati]] (1926–1977), painter. Born in Florence and attended the [[Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze|Academy of Fine Arts]]. He began to paint in 1953, and in 1955 held his first exhibition at the Indiano Gallery in Florence.
* [[Lucio Fontana]] (1899–1968), painter, sculptor and theorist, founder of [[Spatialism]], noted for gashed [[monochrome painting]]s
* [[Renato Guttuso]] (1911–1987), painter. He was a forceful personality and Italy's leading exponent of Social realism in the 20th century
* [[Piero Manzoni]] (1933–1963), artist. He is regarded as one of the forerunners of [[Arte Povera]] and [[Conceptual art]]
* [[Amedeo Modigliani]] (1884–1920), painter and sculptor whose portraits and nudes, characterized by asymmetrical compositions, are among the most important portraits of the 20th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387356/Amedeo-Modigliani "Amedeo Modigliani"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giorgio Morandi]] (1890–1964), painter and etcher. He is widely acknowledged as a major Italian painter of the 20th century
* [[Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo]] (1868–1907), painter. His most famous work is ''[[The Fourth Estate (painting)|The Fourth Estate]]'' (1901); a symbol of the 20th
* [[Giovanni Pelliccioli]] (born 1947), surrealist painter. In 1993 he created a new form in the world of the artistic painting – the "triangle"
* [[Luigi Russolo]] (1885–1947), painter. One of the five signers of the basic 1910 "Manifesto of Futurist Painting" before switching his attention to music
* [[Emilio Scanavino]] (1922–1986), painter and sculptor. One of the most important protagonists of the Spatialist movement in Italy<ref>Ruhrberg, Karl; Schneckenburger, Manfred; Fricke, Christiane; Honnef, Klaus. [https://books.google.com/books?ei=nsvLTYr3Io2Sswbs2qmoAw&ct=result&id=bD5CAQAAIAAJ&dq= ''Art of the 20th century'' (Volume I)]. Taschen, 1998. p. 708. Web. 12 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Gino Severini]] (1883–1966), painter who synthesized the styles of Futurism and Cubism
* [[Mario Sironi]] (1885–1961), painter, sculptor, illustrator and designer. He was the leading artist of the [[Novecento Italiano]] group in the 1920s, developing a muscular, monumental figurative style
* [[Antonio Diego Voci]] (1920–1985), painter. Born in Gasperina, Calabria, Italy. Artist of a Thousand Faces. [[Surrealism]] [[Cubism]] [[Fauvism]] [[Realism (art movement)|Realism]] Italian
* [[Sergio Zanni]] (born 1942), painter and sculptor
* [[Giulia Andreani]] (born 1985), painter. She works on archives and develops a history painting.
== Photographers ==
* [[Giuseppe Incorpora]] (1834–1914)
*[[Franco Rubartelli]] (born 1937)
== Printers ==
{{See also|Category:Italian printers}}
* [[Panfilo Castaldi]] (c. 1398 – c. 1490), physician and "master of the art of printing", to whom local tradition attributes the invention of [[moveable type]]
* [[Fortunato de Felice, 2nd Count Panzutti|Fortunato Bartolomeo de Felice, 2nd Conte di Panzutti]] (1723–1789), printer, publisher and scientist. Settled in [[Yverdon]] where he published a version of the ''Encyclopédie'' (1770–1780). Also known for his escapades across Europe with a married Countessa.
* [[Francesco Franceschi]] (c. 1530 – c. 1599), printer. Known for the high quality of his engravings, which were done using metal plates rather than wooden
* [[Gabriele Giolito de' Ferrari]] (c. 1508 – 1578), bookseller, printer and editor at [[Venice]]. He was one of the first major [[publisher]]s of literature in the vernacular [[Italian language]]
* [[Johannes Philippus de Lignamine]] (c. 1420–?), printer and publisher, known for his publication of ''[[Pseudo-Apuleius|Herbarium Apuleii Platonici]]'' (1481)
* [[Aldus Manutius]] (1449–1515), printer, noted for his fine editions of the classics. Inventor of the [[italic type]] (1501) and also the first to use the [[semicolon]]
* [[Aldus Manutius the Younger]] (1547–1597), printer, last member of the Italian family of Manutius to be active in the famous [[Aldine Press]]
* [[Giovanni Battista Pasquali]] (1702–1784), printer, a leading printer in 18th-century [[Venice]]
* [[Pietro Perna]] (1519–1582), printer, the leading printer of late [[Renaissance]] [[Basel]]
* [[Ottaviano Petrucci]] (1466–1539), printer. Inventor of movable [[metal type]] for printing mensural and polyphonic music
* [[Lawrence Torrentinus]] (1499–1563), typographer and printer for [[Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]]
== Printmakers ==
{{See also|Category:Italian printmakers}}
* [[Domenico Campagnola]] (c. 1500 – 1564), painter and printmaker and one of the first professional draftsmen
* [[Giulio Campagnola]] (c. 1482 – c. 1515), painter and engraver who anticipated by over two centuries the development of stipple engraving<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/91101/Giulio-Campagnola "Giulio Campagnola"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 1 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Agostino Carracci]] (1557–1602), painter and printmaker. He was the brother of the more famous [[Annibale Carracci|Annibale]] and cousin of [[Lodovico Carracci]]
* [[Giovanni Francesco Cassioni]] (17th century), engraver in wood
* [[Stefano della Bella]] (1610–1664), printmaker noted for his engravings of military events, in the manner of [[Jacques Callot]]
* [[Marcantonio Raimondi]] (c. 1480 – c. 1534), engraver, known for being the first important printmaker. He is therefore a key figure in the rise of the [[Old master print|reproductive print]]
* [[Mario Labacco]] (active 1551–67), engraver
* [[Francesco Rosselli]] (1445–before 1513), miniature painter, and an important engraver of maps and [[old master print]]s
* [[Ugo da Carpi]] (c. 1480–between 1520 and 1532), painter and printmaker, the first Italian practitioner of the art of the ''[[Chiaroscuro#Chiaroscuro woodcuts|chiaroscuro]] woodcut''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/96794/Ugo-da-Carpi "Ugo da Carpi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 24 February 2011.</ref>
== Saints ==
{{See also|Category:Italian saints}}
* [[Agatha of Sicily]] (''fl.'' 3rd century AD), legendary Christian saint, martyred under Roman Emperor [[Decius]]. She is invoked against outbreaks of fire and is the patron saint of bell makers
* [[Agnes of Rome]] (c. 291–c. 304), legendary Christian martyr, the [[patron saint]] of girls
* [[Robert Bellarmine]] (1542–1621), theologian, cardinal, [[Doctor of the Church]], and a principal influence in the [[Counter-Reformation]]
* [[Bernardine of Siena]] (1380–1444), preacher. He was a Franciscan of the Observant congregation and one of the most effective and most widely known [[preacher]]s of his day<ref>[https://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/bernardine_of_siena_saint.jsp "Bernardine of Siena, Saint"]{{dead link|date=July 2021}} 19 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Charles Borromeo]] (1538–1584), cardinal and archbishop. He was one of the leaders of the Counter-Reformation
* [[John Bosco]] (1815–1888), Catholic priest, pioneer in educating the poor and founder of the [[Salesian Order]]
* [[Catherine of Siena]] (1347–1380), Dominican tertiary, mystic, and patron saint of Italy who played a major role in returning the papacy from [[Avignon]] to Rome (1377)
* [[Saint Cecilia]] (2nd century AD), patron saint of musicians and Church music. Venerated in both East and West, she is one of the eight women commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass
* [[Francis of Paola]] (1416–1507), mendicant friar. The founder of the [[Minim (religious order)|Minims]], a religious order in the Catholic Church
* [[Hippolytus of Rome]] (170–235), Christian martyr who was also the first [[antipope]] (217/218–235)
* [[Januarius]] (?–c. 305), Bishop and martyr, sometimes called Gennaro, long popular because of the liquefaction of his blood on his feast day
* [[Lawrence of Brindisi]] (1559–1619), Capuchin friar. He was one of the leading polemicists of the Counter-Reformation in Germany
* [[Saint Longinus]] (1st century AD), Roman soldier who pierced [[Jesus]]'s side with a [[Holy Lance|spear]] as he hung on the cross
* [[Saint Lucy]] (283–304), Christian martyr. She is the patron saint of the city of [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] (Sicily)
*[[Giuseppe Moscati]] (1880–1927), doctor, scientific researcher, and university professor noted both for his pioneering work in biochemistry and for his piety
* [[Philip Neri]] (1515–1595), priest. The founder of the [[Oratory of Saint Philip Neri|Congregation of the Oratory]], a congregation of secular priests and clerics
* [[Pio of Pietrelcina]] (1887–1968), Capuchin priest. He is renowned among Roman Catholics as one of the Church's modern [[stigmatist]]s
* [[Rita of Cascia]] (1381–1457), Augustinian nun
* [[Saint Rosalia]] (1130–1166), hermitess, greatly venerated at [[Palermo]] and in the whole of Sicily of which she in patroness
* [[Roger of Cannae]] (1060–1129), Bishop
* [[Saint Valentine]] (3rd century AD), according to tradition, he is the patron saint of courtship, travelers, and young people
* [[Vitus]] (c. 290 – c. 303), Christian saint. He is counted as one of the [[Fourteen Holy Helpers]] of the [[Catholic Church]]
== Scientists ==
{{Main|List of Italian scientists}}
* [[Maria Gaetana Agnesi]] (1718–1799), linguist, mathematician and philosopher, considered to be the first woman in the Western world to have achieved a reputation in [[mathematics]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/9316/Maria-Gaetana-Agnesi "Maria Gaetana Agnesi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
*[[Roberto Assagioli]] (1888–1974), psychiatrist and psychologist. The founder of the healing system known as [[psychosynthesis]]
* [[Gjuro Baglivi]] (1668–1707), physician and scientist. He published the first clinical description of [[pulmonary edema]] and made classic observations on the histology and physiology of muscle
* [[Franco Basaglia]] (1924–1980), psychiatrist. He was the promoter of an important reform in the Italian [[mental health]] system, the "[[Basaglia Law|legge 180/78]]" (law number 180, year 1978)
* [[Agostino Bassi]] (1773–1856), entomologist. The first person to succeed in the experimental transmission of a [[contagious disease]]
* [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]] (1522–1605), naturalist, noted for his systematic and accurate observations of animals, plants and [[mineral]]s
* [[Giuseppina Aliverti]] (1894–1982), [[Geophysics|geophysicist]] remembered for developing the Aliverti-Lovera method of measuring the radioactivity of water
* [[Giovanni Battista Amici]] (1786–1863), astronomer and microscopist. The inventor of the catadioptric microscope<ref>Fiorentino, Waldimaro. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8BkfAQAAIAAJ&q= ''Italia patria di scienziati'']. Catinaccio, 2004. p. 34. Web. 20 February 2011. {{in lang|it}}</ref> (presented at the Arts and Industry Exhibition in Milan in 1812)
* [[Giovanni Arduino (geologist)|Giovanni Arduino]] (1714–1795), father of Italian [[geology]], who established bases for stratigraphic chronology by classifying the four main layers of the [[Crust (geology)|Earth's crust]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/33360/Giovanni-Arduino "Giovanni Arduino"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Silvano Arieti]] (1914–1981), psychiatrist and psychoanalyst long recognized as a leading authority on [[schizophrenia]]
* [[Gaspare Aselli]] (c. 1581 – 1625), physician who contributed to the knowledge of the circulation of [[body fluid]]s by discovering the [[lacteal]] vessels<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/38029/Gaspare-Aselli "Gaspare Aselli"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Roberto Assagioli]] (1888–1974), psychiatrist and psychologist. The founder of the healing system known as [[psychosynthesis]]
* [[Amedeo Avogadro]] (1776–1856), chemist and physicist. The founder of the molecular theory now known as [[Avogadro's law]].
* [[Fabio Badilini]] (born 1964), pioneer in noninvasive electrocardiography.
* [[Gjuro Baglivi]] (1668–1707), physician and scientist. He published the first clinical description of [[pulmonary edema]] and made classic observations on the histology and physiology of muscle
* [[Marcella Balconi]] (1919–1999) child neuropsychiatrist and member of the resistance during World War II. She pioneered the practice of [[psychoanalytic infant observation]] in Italy.
* [[Franco Basaglia]] (1924–1980), psychiatrist. He was the promoter of an important reform in the Italian [[mental health]] system, the "[[Basaglia Law|legge 180/78]]" (law number 180, year 1978)
* [[Agostino Bassi]] (1773–1856), entomologist. The first person to succeed in the experimental transmission of a [[contagious disease]]
* [[Laura Bassi]] (1711–1778), scientist who was the first woman to become a [[physics]] professor at a European university<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1756931/Laura-Bassi "Laura Bassi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 23 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Jacopo Berengario da Carpi]] (c. 1460 – c. 1530), physician and anatomist who was the first to describe the [[heart valve]]s<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/61603/Giacomo-Berengario-da-Carpi "Giacomo Berengario da Carpi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giulio Bizzozero]] (1846–1901), anatomist. He is known as the original discoverer of ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' (1893)
* [[Enrico Bombieri]] (born 1940), mathematician who was awarded the [[Fields Medal]] in 1974 for his work in [[number theory]]
* [[Claudio Bordignon]] (born 1950), biologist, performed the first procedure of [[gene therapy]] using [[Hematopoietic stem cell|stem cells]] as gene vectors (1992)
* [[Giovanni Alfonso Borelli]] (1608–1679), physiologist and physicist who was the first to explain muscular movement and other body functions according to the laws of statics and dynamics
* [[Virginia Angiola Borrino]] (1880–1965), physician who was the first woman to serve as head of a University Pediatric Ward in Italy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.donnemedico.org/wp-content/uploads/StoriaAIDM.pdf |title=Storia Dell’Associazione Italiana Donne Medico (AIDM) (1921 - 2001) |trans-title=History of the Italian Association of Medical Women (AIDM) (1921 - 2001)|last1=D'Ajutolo |first1=Luisa Longhena |last2=Nasi |first2=Bianca Teglio |date=2021 |website=donnemedico.org |publisher=Italian Association of Medical Women |access-date=July 7, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Angiola Borrino |first=Virginia |title=La mia vita |year=2017 |publisher=Hoepli |isbn=978-88-203-7934-6 |page=5}}</ref>
* [[Giacomo Bresadola]] (1847–1929), clergyman and a prolific and influential [[mycologist]]
* [[Francesco Brioschi]] (1824–1897), mathematician, known for his contributions to the theory of [[algebraic equation]]s and to the applications of [[mathematics]] to [[hydraulics]]
* [[Giuseppe Brotzu]] (1895–1976), physician, famous for having discovered the [[cephalosporin]] (1948)
* [[Tito Livio Burattini]] (1617–1681), mathematician, in his book ''Misura Universale'', published in 1675, first suggested the name [[meter]] as the name for a unit of length
* [[Nicola Cabibbo]] (1935–2010), physicist who reconciled these strange-particle decays with the universality of [[weak interaction]]s
* [[Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani]] (1725–1813), anatomist and physiologist. He is noted for his experimental studies on the function of the [[spinal cord]]
* [[Temistocle Calzecchi-Onesti]] (1853–1922), physicist, invented a tube filled with iron filings, called a "[[coherer]]" (1884)
* [[Tommaso Campailla]] (1668–1740), physician, philosopher and poet, inventor of "vapour stovens" that he used to fight [[syphilis]] [[rheumatism]]
* [[Giuseppe Campani]] (1635–1715), optician and astronomer who invented a lens-grinding lathe<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/91128/Giuseppe-Campani "Giuseppe Campani"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Stanislao Cannizzaro]] (1826–1910), chemist, in 1858 put an end to confusion over values to be attributed to [[atomic weights]], using [[Amedeo Avogadro|Avogadro]]'s hypothesis
* [[Federico Capasso]] (born 1949), physicist, one of the inventors of the [[quantum cascade laser]] (QCL) in 1994
* [[Mario Capecchi]] (born 1937), molecular geneticist, famous for having contribution to development of "[[knockout mice]]" (1989)
* [[Gerolamo Cardano]] (1501–1576), mathematician and physician; initiated the general theory of [[Cubic function|cubic]] and [[quartic equations]]. He emphasized the need for both negative and [[complex number]]s
* [[Antonio Cardarelli]] (1831–1926), physician remembered for describing [[Cardarelli's sign]]
* [[Antonio Carini]] (1872–1950), physician and bacteriologist who discovered ''[[Pneumocystis carinii]]'', which is responsible for recurrent [[pneumonia]] in patients with [[AIDS]]
* [[Francesco Carlini]] (1783–1862), astronomer. Worked in the field of [[celestial mechanics]], improved the theory of the motion of the [[Moon]]
* [[Giovanni Caselli]] (1815–1891), physicist, inventor of the [[pantelegraph]] (1861)
* [[Giovanni Domenico Cassini]] (1625–1712), mathematician, astronomer, engineer and astrologer who was the first to observe four of [[Saturn]]'s [[Natural satellite|moons]]
* [[Bonaventura Cavalieri]] (1598–1647), mathematician. He invented the method of indivisibles (1635) that foreshadowed [[integral calculus]]
* [[Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza]] (1922–2018), population geneticist, currently teaching since 1970 as [[emeritus]] professor at [[Stanford University]]. One of the most important [[geneticist]]s of the 20th century
* [[Tiberius Cavallo]] (1749–1809), physicist and natural philosopher who wrote on the early experiments with [[electricity]]. He was known contemporaneously as the inventor of [[Cavallo's multiplier]]
* [[Ugo Cerletti]] (1877–1963), neurologist, co-inventor with [[Lucio Bini]], of the method of [[electroconvulsive therapy]] in [[psychiatry]]
* [[Vincenzo Cerulli]] (1859–1927), astronomer. The author of the idea that the canali are just a special kind of [[optical illusion]]
* [[Andrea Cesalpino]] (1519–1603), physician, philosopher and botanist, produced the first scientific classification of plants and animals by genera and species
* [[Ernesto Cesàro]] (1859–1906), mathematician. In 1880 he developed methods of finding the sum of [[divergent series]]. Cesàro made important contributions to intrinsic geometry
* [[Giacinto Cestoni]] (1637–1718), naturalist, studied [[fleas]] and [[algae]], and showed that [[scabies]] is provoked by ''[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]'' (1689)
* [[Vincenzo Chiarugi]] (1759–1820), physician who introduced [[humanitarian]] reforms to the [[psychiatric hospital]] care of people with [[mental disorder]]s
* [[Agostino Codazzi]] (1793 - 1859), soldier, scientist, geographer, cartographer
* [[Realdo Colombo]] (c. 1516 – 1559), one of the first [[anatomist]]s in the Western world to describe [[pulmonary circulation]]
* [[Orso Mario Corbino]] (1876–1937), physicist and politician, discovered modulation calorimetry and [[Corbino effect]], a variant of the Hall effect
* [[Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti]] (1822–1876), anatomist, known for his discoveries on the anatomical structure of the ear
* [[Domenico Cotugno]] (1736–1822), physician. He discovered [[albuminuria]] (about a half century before [[Richard Bright (physician)|Richard Bright]]) and was also one of the first scientists to identify [[urea]] in human [[urine]]
* [[Alessandro Cruto]] (1847–1908), inventor who improved on [[Thomas Alva Edison]] incandescent light bulb with [[Incandescent light bulb#Filament|carbon filament]] (1881)
* [[Bruno de Finetti]] (1906–1985), probabilist, statistician and actuary, noted for the "operational subjective" conception of [[probability]]
* [[Annibale de Gasparis]] (1819–1892), astronomer, his first [[asteroid]] discovery was [[10 Hygiea]] in 1849. Between 1850 and 1865, he discovered eight more asteroids
* [[Ennio de Giorgi]] (1928–1996), mathematician. He brilliantly resolved the [[Hilbert's nineteenth problem|19th Hilbert problem]]. Today, this contribution is known as the De Giorgi-Nash Theorem
* [[Mondino de Liuzzi]] (c. 1270 – 1326), physician and anatomist whose ''Anathomia corporis humani'' (MS. 1316; first printed in 1478) was the first modern work on [[anatomy]]
* [[Francesco de Vico]] (1805–1848), astronomer. He discovered a number of [[comet]]s, including periodic comets [[54P/de Vico-Swift-NEAT]] and [[122P/de Vico]]
* [[Giambattista della Porta]] (c. 1535 – 1615), scholar and [[polymath]], known for his work ''[[Magia Naturalis]]'' (1558), which dealt with alchemy, magic, and natural philosophy
* [[Ulisse Dini]] (1845–1918), mathematician and politician whose most important work was on the theory of [[Implicit function theorem|functions of real variables]]
* [[Eustachio Divini]] (1610–1685), physician and astronomer; maker of clocks and lenses (1646), innovative compound microscope (1648)
* [[Giovanni Battista Donati]] (1826–1873), astronomer. He becomes one of the first to systematically adapt the new science of [[spectroscopy]] to [[astronomy]]
* [[Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio]] (1330–1388), doctor and clock-maker at Padua, son of Jacopo Dondi, builder of the [[Astrarium]]
* [[Jacopo Dondi dell'Orologio]] (1293–1359), doctor and clock-maker at Padua, father of Giovanni
* [[Angelo Dubini]] (1813–1902), physician who identified ''[[Hookworm|Ancylostoma duodenale]]'' (1838)
* [[Girolamo Segato]] (1792–1836), Egyptologist and anatomist, best known for his unique work in the [[petrifaction]] of human cadavers.
* [[Renato Dulbecco]] (1914–2012), virologist, known for his brilliant work with two viruses that can transform animal cells into a cancer-like state in the test tube
* [[Federigo Enriques]] (1871–1946), mathematician, known principally as the first to give a [[Enriques–Kodaira classification|classification of algebraic surfaces]] in [[birational geometry]]
*[[Paolo Enriques]] (1878–1932), zoologist of Padua University.
* [[Vittorio Erspamer]] (1909–1999), pharmacologist and chemist, famous for having discovered the [[serotonin]] (1935) and [[octopamine]] (1948)
* [[Bartolomeo Eustachi]] (1500 or 1514–1574), anatomist. He described many structures in the [[human body]], including the [[Eustachian tube]] of the ear
* [[Francesco Faà di Bruno]] (1825–1888), mathematician, known for the [[Faà di Bruno formula]] (1855, 1857)
* [[Hieronymus Fabricius]] (1537–1619), anatomist and surgeon, called the founder of modern [[embryology]]
* [[Gabriele Falloppio]] (1523–1562), anatomist and physician. His important discoveries include the [[fallopian tube]]s, leading from [[uterus]] to [[ovaries]]
* [[Enrico Fermi]] (1901–1954), physicist, constructed the world's first [[nuclear reactor]] (1942), initiated the [[atomic age]]; father of [[atom bomb]]
* [[Lodovico Ferrari]] (1522–1565), mathematician, famous for having discovered the solution of the general [[Quartic function|quartic equation]]
* [[Galileo Ferraris]] (1847–1897), physicist and electrical engineer, noted for the discovery of the [[rotating magnetic field]], basic working principle of the [[induction motor]]
* [[Amarro Fiamberti]] (10 September 1894 – 1970), psychiatrist who first performed a transorbital [[lobotomy]] (by accessing the [[frontal lobe]] of the [[brain]] through the orbits) in 1937
* [[Leonardo Fibonacci]] (c. 1170 – c. 1250), mathematician, eponym of the [[Fibonacci number]] sequence. He is considered to be the<!--The cited book uses a lower-case initial "t" in "the", and this is in quotation marks, so lower case should be used.--> most talented Western mathematician of the [[Middle Ages]].<ref>[[Howard Eves]]. ''An Introduction to the History of Mathematics''. Brooks Cole, 1990: {{ISBN|0-03-029558-0}} (6th ed.), p 261.</ref>
* [[Quirico Filopanti]] (1812–1894), mathematician and politician. In his book ''Miranda!'' (1858), he was the first to propose [[universal time]] and worldwide standard time zones 21 years before [[Sandford Fleming]]
*[[Giovanni Fontana (engineer)|Giovanni Fontana]] (1395 – 1455), physician and engineer
* [[Carlo Forlanini]] (1847–1918), physician, inventor of [[Pneumothorax|artificial pneumothorax]] (1882) for treatment of [[Tuberculosis|pulmonary tuberculosis]]
* [[Carlo Fornasini]] (1854–1931), [[micropalaeontologist]] who studied [[Foraminifera]]
* [[Girolamo Fracastoro]] (1478–1553), physician and scholar, the first to state the [[Germ theory of disease|germ theory]] of infection and is regarded as the founder of scientific [[epidemiology]]
* [[Guido Fubini]] (1879–1943), mathematician, eponym of [[Fubini's theorem]] in [[measure theory]]
* [[Galileo Galilei]] (1564–1642), physicist and [[astronomer]]. The founder of modern [[science]] who accurately described heliocentric [[solar system]]<ref>[http://www.mhest.com/galileo_biography.php "Galileo"] ''McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology''. Web. 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Luigi Galvani]] (1737–1798), physician and physicist, noted for his discovery of [[animal electricity]]
* [[Agostino Gemelli]] (1878–1959), physician, psychologist, and priest, founder of a university and eponym of the [[Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic]]
* [[Luca Ghini]] (1490–1556), physician and botanist, best known as the creator of the first recorded [[herbarium]] and founder of the world's first botanical garden<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/1702608/Educational_Voices_in_Botanic_Garden_Histories_From_Luca_Ghini_to_Lilian_Clarke] ''Educational Voices in Botanic Garden Histories: From Luca Ghini to Lilian Clarkemore'', Dawn Sanders, published in: "Gardens and Society." P. Baas & A. van der Staay (eds), ClusiusFoundation and National Herbarium of the Netherlands. Leiden, 2011.</ref>
* [[Riccardo Giacconi]] (1931–2018), astrophysicist, called the father of [[X-ray astronomy]]
* [[Clelia Giacobini]] (1931–2010), microbiologist, a pioneer of [[microbiology]] applied to [[conservation-restoration]]
* [[Corrado Gini]] (1884–1965), statistician, demographer and sociologist, developer of [[Gini coefficient]]
* [[Camillo Golgi]] (1843–1926), histologist noted for work on the structure of the [[nervous system]] and for his discovery of [[Golgi apparatus]] (1897)
* [[Luigi Guido Grandi]] (1671–1742), philosopher, mathematician and engineer, known for studying the [[Rose (mathematics)|rose curve]], a curve which has the shape of a petalled flower, and for [[Grandi's series]]
* [[Giovanni Battista Grassi]] (1854–1925), zoologist who discovered that [[mosquito]]es were responsible for transmitting [[malaria]] between humans
* [[Francesco Maria Grimaldi]] (1618–1663), physicist and mathematician, noted for his discoveries in the field of [[optics]], he was the first to describe the [[diffraction of light]]
* [[Nicola Guarino]] (born 1954), scientist, co-inventor with [[Chris Welty]], of the [[OntoClean]], the first methodology for formal ontological analysis
* [[Guido da Vigevano]] (c. 1280 – c. 1349), physician and inventor who became one of the first writers to include [[illustration]]s in a work on [[anatomy]]<ref>Schlager, Neil; Lauer, Josh. [https://books.google.com/books?id=To1FAAAAYAAJ&q= ''Science and Its Times: 700–1449'']. Gale Group, 2001. p. 186. Web. 12 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Battista Hodierna]] (1597–1660), astronomer. He was one of the first to create a catalog of celestial objects with a telescope
* [[Arturo Issel]] (1842–1922), geologist, palaeontologist, malacologist and archaeologist. He is noted for first defining the [[Tyrrhenian Stage]] (1914)
* [[Joseph-Louis Lagrange]] (1736–1813), Italian-French who made major contributions to mathematics and physics
* [[Giovanni Maria Lancisi]] (1654–1720), clinician and anatomist who is considered the first modern hygienist<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/329075/Giovanni-Maria-Lancisi "Giovanni Maria Lancisi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 12 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Rita Levi-Montalcini]] (1909–2012), neurologist, famous for having discovered the [[nerve growth factor]] (NGF)
* [[Aloysius Lilius]] (c. 1510 – 1576), astronomer and physician. The principal author of the [[Gregorian Calendar]] (1582)
* [[Salvador Luria]] (1912–1991), microbiologist. He shared a 1969 [[Nobel Prize]] for investigating the mechanism of viral [[infection]] in living cells
* [[Giovanni Antonio Magini]] (1555–1617), astronomer, astrologer, cartographer and mathematician, known for his reduced size edition of [[Ptolemy]]'s ''Geographiae'' (1596)
* [[Ettore Majorana]] (1906–1938), theoretical physicist. He is noted for the eponymous [[Majorana equation]]
* [[Marcello Malpighi]] (1628–1694), physician and biologist. He is regarded as the founder of microscopic anatomy and may be regarded as the first [[histologist]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360486/Marcello-Malpighi "Marcello Malpighi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Massimo Marchiori]] (?–?), computer scientist who made major contributions to the development of the [[World Wide Web]]. He was also the creator of [[HyperSearch]]
* [[Guglielmo Marconi]] (1874–1937), physicist, credited as the inventor of radio, often called the father of wireless communication and technology (1896)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiohof.org/pioneer/marconi.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-05-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505204928/http://www.radiohof.org/pioneer/marconi.html |archive-date= 5 May 2012 }} ''Radio Hall of Fame'', Pioneer, Gugliemo Marconi.</ref>
* [[Macedonio Melloni]] (1798–1854), physicist, demonstrated that [[radiant heat]] has similar physical properties to those of light
* [[Giuseppe Mercalli]] (1850–1914), volcanologist and seismologist, inventor of the [[Mercalli intensity scale]] (1902)
* [[Franco Modigliani]] (1918–2003), economist and educator who received the [[Nobel Prize]] for Economics in 1985 for his work on household [[saving]]s and the dynamics of [[financial market]]s
* [[Geminiano Montanari]] (1633–1687), astronomer. Today, it is better known for his discovery of the variability of the star [[Algol]] (c. 1667)
* [[Maria Montessori]] (1870–1952), physician and educator. The innovative educational method that bears her name (1907) is now spread in 22,000 schools in at least 110 countries worldwide<ref>{{cite web|url = https://amshq.org/About-Montessori/History-of-Montessori|website = American Montessori Society|title = History of Montessori}}</ref>
* [[Giovanni Battista Morgagni]] (1682–1771), anatomist, called the founder of [[Anatomical pathology|pathologic anatomy]]
* [[Angelo Mosso]] (1846–1910), physiologist who created the first crude [[neuroimaging]] technique
* [[Giulio Natta]] (1903–1979), chemist, famous for having discovered isotactic [[polypropylene]] (1954) and [[polymer]]s (1957)
* [[Adelchi Negri]] (1876–1912), pathologist and microbiologist who identified what later became known as [[Negri bodies]] (1903) in the brains of animals and humans infected with the [[rabies virus]]
* [[Leopoldo Nobili]] (1784–1835), physicist, designed the first precision instrument for measuring [[electric current]] (1825)
* [[Giuseppe Occhialini]] (1907–1993), physicist, contributed to the discovery of the [[pion]] or pi-[[meson]] decay in 1947, with [[César Lattes]] and [[Cecil Frank Powell]]
* [[Barnaba Oriani]] (1752–1832), astronomer. Great scholar of orbital theories
* [[Filippo Pacini]] (1812–1883), anatomist who isolated the ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]'' (1854) ; the bacteria that causes [[cholera]]
* [[Antonio Pacinotti]] (1841–1912), physicist, inventor of the [[dynamo]] (1858) and [[electric motor]] (1858)
* [[Luca Pacioli]] (1446/7–1517), mathematician and founder of accounting. He popularized the system of double bookkeeping for keeping financial records and is often known as the father of modern [[accounting]]
* [[Ferdinando Palasciano]] (1815–1891), physician and politician, considered one of the forerunners of the foundation of the [[Red Cross]]
* [[Luigi Palmieri]] (1807–1896), physicist and meteorologist, inventor of the [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] [[seismometer]]
* [[Pier Paolo Pandolfi]] (born 1963), geneticist, discovered the genes underlying [[acute promyelocytic leukaemia]] (APL)<ref>[http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2007/070510/full/nj7141-228a.html "Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Director, Cancer Genetics Programme, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University"] ''Nature Publishing Group: science journals, jobs, and information''. Web. 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Vilfredo Pareto]] (1848–1923), engineer, sociologist, economist, and philosopher, eponym of [[Pareto distribution]], [[Pareto efficiency]], [[Pareto index]] and [[Pareto principle]]
* [[Giorgio Parisi]] (born 1948), theoretical physicist, called the father of the modern field of [[chaos theory]]
* [[Emanuele Paternò]] (1847–1935), chemist, discoverer of the [[Paternò–Büchi reaction]] (1909)
* [[Giuseppe Peano]] (1858–1932), mathematician and a founder of [[Mathematical logic|symbolic logic]] whose interests centred on the [[foundations of mathematics]] and on the development of a formal logical language
* [[Gaetano Perusini]] (1879–1915), physician, remembered for his contribution to the description of [[Alzheimer's disease|Alzheimer]]'s
* [[Giuseppe Piazzi]] (1746–1826), mathematician and astronomer who discovered (1 January 1801) and named the first asteroid, or "minor planet", [[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]]
* [[Raffaele Piria]] (1814–1865), chemist. The first to successfully synthesize [[salicylic acid]] (1839);<ref>Schrör, Karsten. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gw6yR6qZe5wC&pg= ''Acetylsalicylic acid'']. Wiley-VCH, 2009. p. 6. Web. 3 March 2011.</ref> the active ingredient in [[aspirin]]
* [[Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana]] (1781–1864), astronomer and mathematician. The founder of the [[Observatory of Turin]]
* [[Edoardo Amaldi]] (1908–1989), cosmic-ray physicist, one of the founding fathers of European space research, led the founding of the [[CERN]], the [[ESRO]] and later the [[European Space Agency]] (ESA)<ref>[http://www.esa.int/About_Us/Welcome_to_ESA/ESA_history/Edoardo_Amaldi] ''ESA, History of Europe in space'', Edoardo Amaldi</ref>
* [[Giulio Racah]] (1909–1965), Italian-Israeli mathematician and physicist; Acting President of the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]
*[[Antonio Raimondi]] (1826 – 1890), geographer and scientist
* [[Bernardino Ramazzini]] (1633–1714), physician, considered a founder of [[industrial medicine|occupational medicine]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490551/Bernardino-Ramazzini "Bernardino Ramazzini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Francesco Redi]] (1626–1697), physician who demonstrated that the presence of [[maggot]]s in putrefying meat does not result from [[spontaneous generation]] but from eggs laid on the meat by flies
* [[Jacopo Riccati]] (1676–1754), mathematician, known in connection with his problem, called Riccati's equation, published in the ''Acla eruditorum'' (1724)<ref>Cajori, Florian. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mGJRjIC9fZgC&pg= ''A history of mathematics'']. AMS Bookstore, 1991. p. 225. Web. 12 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Matteo Ricci]] (1552–1610), missionary to China, mathematician, linguist and published the first Chinese edition of [[Euclid's Elements]]
* [[Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro]] (1853–1925), mathematician, inventor of [[tensor analysis]] collaborator with [[Tullio Levi-Civita]]
* [[Giovanni Battista Riccioli]] (1598–1671), astronomer, devised the system for the nomenclature of [[Moon|lunar]] features that is now the international standard
* [[Augusto Righi]] (1850–1920), physicist who played an important role in the development of [[electromagnetism]]
* [[Scipione Riva-Rocci]] (1863–1937), internist and pediatrician. The inventor of the first [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] [[sphygmomanometer]]
* [[Rogerius (physician)|Rogerius]] (before 1140–c. 1195), surgeon who wrote a work on medicine entitled ''Practica Chirurgiae'' ("The Practice of Surgery") around 1180
* [[Gian Domenico Romagnosi]] (1761–1835), philosopher, economist and jurist, famous for having discovered the same link between [[electricity]] and [[magnetism]]
* [[Bruno Rossi]] (1905–1993), experimental physicist. An authority on [[cosmic ray]]s<ref>[http://www.aas.org/head/rossi/rossi.obit.html "Bruno Rossi, 88, Pioneer in Cosmic Ray Research"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118162704/http://www.aas.org/head/rossi/rossi.obit.html |date=18 November 2014 }} ''American Astronomical Society (AAS)''. Web. 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Carlo Rubbia]] (born 1934), physicist who in 1984 shared with [[Simon van der Meer]] the [[Nobel Prize]] for Physics for the discovery of the massive, short-lived subatomic [[W particle]] and [[Z particle]]
* [[Paolo Ruffini]] (1765–1822), mathematician and physician who made studies of equations that anticipated the algebraic theory of [[Group (mathematics)|groups]]
* [[Nazareno Strampelli]] (1866–1942), geneticist and agronomist, whose innovative scientific work in wheat breeding 30 years earlier than [[Borlaug]] laid the foundations for the [[Green Revolution]]<ref>[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8770918], ''Cambridge, The Journal of Agricultural Science'', 2013. Nazareno Strampelli, the 'Prophet' of the green revolution.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri]] (1667–1733), philosopher and mathematician who did early work on [[non-Euclidean geometry]], although he didn't see it as such
* [[Sanctorius]] (1561–1636), physiologist and physician. He laid the foundation for the study of [[metabolism]]
* [[Henry Salvatori]] (1901-1997), geophysicist founder of [[Western Geophysical]] an international oil exploration company for the purpose of using reflection seismology to explore petroleum.
* [[Antonio Scarpa]] (1752–1832), anatomist, famous for the anatomical eponyms [[Femoral triangle|Scarpa triangle]] and [[Scarpa's ganglion|Scarpa ganglion]] of the ear
* [[Giovanni Schiaparelli]] (1835–1910), astronomer and science historian who first observed lines on the surface of [[Mars]], which he described as canals
* [[Angelo Secchi]] (1818–1878), astronomer. He is known especially for his work in [[spectroscopy]] and was a pioneer in classifying [[star]]s by their spectra
* [[Emilio Segrè]] (1905–1989), physicist, known for his discovery of the [[antiproton]]
* [[Francesco Selmi]] (1817–1881), chemist. One of the founders of [[colloid chemistry]]
* [[Enrico Sertoli]] (1842–1910), physiologist and histologist. The discoverer of the cells of the [[seminiferous tubules]] of the [[testis]] that bear his [[Sertoli cell|name]] (1865)
* [[Ascanio Sobrero]] (1812–1888), chemist, famous for having discovered the synthesis of [[nitroglycerine]] (1846)
* [[Lazzaro Spallanzani]] (1729–1799), biologist and physiologist, called the father of [[artificial insemination]] (done at Pavia in 1784)
* [[Francesco Stelluti]] (1577–1652), [[polymath]] who worked in the fields of mathematics, microscopy, literature and astronomy; in 1625 he published the first accounts of [[microscope|microscopic observation]]
* [[Gasparo Tagliacozzi]] (1546–1599), plastic surgeon. He is considered a pioneer in the field; called the father of [[plastic surgery]]
* [[Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia|Niccolòa Tartaglia]] (1499–1557), mathematician who originated the science of [[ballistics]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583744/Niccolo-Fontana-Tartaglia "Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Fabiola Terzi]] (born 1961), physician-scientist, known for her research on [[chronic kidney disease]]
* [[Vincenzo Tiberio]] (1869–1915), physician and researcher. He was one of many scientist to notice the antibacterial power of some types of mold before [[Alexander Fleming]]'s discovery of penicillin<ref>[http://ijphjournal.it/article/view/5688/5424] ''Public Health History Corner'', 2011. Vincenzo Tiberio: a misunderstood researcher.</ref>
* [[Laura Bassi]] (1711–1778), scientist who was the first woman to become a [[physics]] professor at a European university
* [[Giuseppe Toaldo]] (1719–1797), physicist, gave special attention to the study of [[atmospheric electricity]] and to the means of protecting buildings against [[lightning]]
* [[Evangelista Torricelli]] (1608–1647), physicist and mathematician, inventor of the [[barometer]] (1643)
* [[Trotula]] (11th–12th centuries), physician who wrote several influential works on women's medicine; whose texts on [[gynecology]] and [[obstetrics]] were widely used for several hundred years in Europe
* [[Pellegrino Turri]] (1765–1828), built the first [[typewriter]] proven to have worked in 1808. He also invented [[carbon paper]] (1806)
* [[Carlo Urbani]] (1956–2003), physician. The first person to discover [[severe acute respiratory syndrome]] (SARS) in 1998
* [[Antonio Vallisneri]] (1661–1730), physician and naturalist who made numerous experiments in entomology and human organology, and combated the doctrine of [[spontaneous generation]]
* [[Antonio Maria Valsalva]] (1666–1723), professor of anatomy at Bologna. He described several anatomical features of the ear in his book, ''De aure humana tractatus'' (1704)
* [[Costanzo Varolio]] (1543–1575), remembered for his studies on the anatomy of the [[brain]], and his description of the pons that bears his name
* [[Gabriele Veneziano]] (born 1942), theoretical physicist and a founder of [[string theory]]
* [[Giovanni Battista Venturi]] (1746–1822), physicist. He was the discoverer and [[eponym]] of [[Venturi effect]]
* [[Emilio Veratti]] (1872–1967), anatomist who described the [[sarcoplasmic reticulum]]
* [[Alessandro Volta]] (1745–1827), electricity pioneer, [[eponym]] of the [[volt]], inventor of the [[Battery (electricity)|electric battery]] (1800)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/632433/Conte-Alessandro-Volta "Conte Alessandro Volta"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Vito Volterra]] (1860–1940), mathematician and physicist who strongly influenced the modern development of [[calculus]]
* [[Giuseppe Zamboni]] (1776–1846), physicist who invented the [[Zamboni pile]] (1812); a model of dry battery
* [[Francesco Zantedeschi]] (1797–1873), physicist who published papers (1829, 1830) on the production of [[electric currents]] in closed circuits by the approach and withdrawal of a [[magnet]]
*[[Antonino Zichichi]] (born 1929), nuclear physicist
* [[Niccolò Zucchi]] (1586–1670), astronomer and physicist. May have been the first to observe belts on the planet Jupiter with a telescope (on 17 May 1630), also claimed to have explored the idea of a [[reflecting telescope]] in 1616, predating [[Galileo Galilei]] and [[Giovanni Francesco Sagredo]]'s discussions of the same idea a few years later.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LZZginzib4C&q=Niccol%C3%B2+Zucchi&pg=PA109|title=Stargazer: The Life and Times of the Telescope|first=Fred|last=Watson|date=22 August 2018|publisher=Allen & Unwin|isbn=9781741763928}}</ref>
* [[Giovanni Battista Zupi]] (c. 1590 – 1650), astronomer and mathematician. The first person to discover that the planet [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] had [[orbit]]al [[Planetary phase|phases]]
== Sculptors ==
{{See also|Category:Italian sculptors}}
* [[Agostino di Duccio]] (1418 – c. 1481), sculptor whose work is characterized by its linear decorativeness
* [[Giovanni Antonio Amadeo]] (c. 1447 – 1522), sculptor, architect and engineer; he took part in the sculpture of the great octagonal dome of [[Milan Cathedral]]
* [[Bartolomeo Ammanati]] (1511–1592), sculptor and architect; his works, the two members of the del Monte family and the Fountains of [[Juno (mythology)|Juno]] and [[Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]], are generally considered his masterpieces
* [[Benedetto Antelami]] (c. 1150 – c. 1230), sculptor and architect. He is credited with the sculptural decorations of [[Fidenza]] Cathedral and [[Ferrara Cathedral]]
* [[Andrea di Alessandro]] 16th century, sculptor; responsible for the bronze candelabra in the [[Santa Maria della Salute]] church.
* [[Arnolfo di Cambio]] (c. 1240 – 1300/1310), sculptor and architect; his sculptures have a strong sense of volume that shows the influence on him of antique Roman models
* [[Bartolommeo Bandinelli]] (1493–1560), sculptor and painter; his most famous and conspicuous sculpture is ''[[Hercules and Cacus]]'' (1527–34), a pendant to Michelangelo's David
* [[Renato Barisani]] (1918–2011), sculptor and painter
* [[Lorenzo Bartolini]] (1777–1850), sculptor; his most imposing creation is the Nicola Demidoff monument in Florence
* [[Benedetto da Maiano]] (1442–1497), sculptor and architect; whose work is characterized by its decorative elegance and realistic detail<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/60476/Benedetto-da-Maiano "Benedetto da Maiano"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]] (1598–1680), sculptor and architect during the [[Baroque]] period; works include ''[[Apollo and Daphne (Bernini)|Apollo and Daphne]]'' (1622–25) and ''[[Ecstasy of Saint Theresa]]'' (1647–1652)
* [[Umberto Boccioni]] (1882–1916), painter and sculptor. The leading theorist of [[Futurism|futurist art]]; his sculpture, ''[[Unique Forms of Continuity in Space]]'' (1913) is generally considered his masterpiece
* [[Antonio Canova]] (1757–1822), sculptor. Leading exponent of the [[Neoclassicism|neoclassical]] school; works include ''[[Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss]]'' (1787–93, 1800–03)
* [[Benvenuto Cellini (opera)|Benvenuto Cellini]] (1500–1571), goldsmith, medallist, sculptor and writer. He was one of the foremost Italian Mannerist artists of the 16th century<ref>"Benvenuto Cellini." [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/public/ ''Grove Art'']. Oxford University Press. Web. 3 May 2011.</ref>
* [[Vincenzo Danti]] (1530–1576), sculptor, architect, and writer, born in [[Perugia]] and active mainly in [[Florence]]
* [[Andrea della Robbia]] (1435–1525), sculptor; known for ''[[:File:A-della-Robbia-La-Verna.jpg|Crucifixion]]'' and the ''[[:File:LaVerna SantaMaria1.jpg|Assumption of the Virgin]]'' at [[La Verna]]
* [[Desiderio da Settignano]] (c. 1430 – 1464), sculptor; his delicate, sensitive, original technique was best expressed in portrait busts of women and children
* [[Donatello]] (c. 1386 – 1466), sculptor, pioneer of the [[Renaissance]] style of natural, lifelike figures, such as the bronze statue ''[[David (Donatello)|David]]'' (c. 1440)
* [[Giovanni Battista Foggini]] (1652–1725), sculptor and architect; the foremost [[Florence|Florentine]] sculptor of the late Baroque period
* [[Domenico Gagini]] (1420–1492), sculptor. Although he worked at times in [[Florence]] and Rome, he is known for his activity in northern Italy
* [[Silvio Gazzaniga]] (1921–2016), sculptor. His major works includes [[FIFA World Cup Trophy#FIFA World Cup Trophy|FIFA World Cup Trophy]], [[UEFA Europa League]] trophy and [[UEFA Supercup]] trophy
* [[Vincenzo Gemito]] (1852–1929), Italian sculptor, [[draughtsmen]]
* [[Lorenzo Ghiberti]] (1378–1455), sculptor, goldsmith and designer active in [[Florence]]
* [[Giambologna]] (1529–1608), sculptor in the [[Mannerism|mannerist]] style; works include [[Fountain of Neptune, Bologna|Fountain of Neptune]] (1563–67) and ''[[The Rape of the Sabine Women]]'' (1574–80)
* [[Jacopo della Quercia]] (c. 1374 – 1438), sculptor; he is especially noted for his imposing allegorical figures for the Gaia Fountain in Siena
* [[Cesare Lapini]] (1848 – after 1890), sculptor; noted for both small marbles and larger work
* [[Francesco Laurana]] (c. 1430 – 1502), sculptor; known for his portrait busts of women, characterized by serene, detached dignity and aristocratic elegance<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/332359/Francesco-Laurana "Francesco Laurana"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Leone Leoni]] (1509–1590), sculptor and medalist; his most important works were kneeling bronze figures of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] and [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]], with their families, for the sanctuary in the [[Escorial]]<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Leone_Leoni.aspx "Leoni, Leone"] ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Tullio Lombardo]] (1460–1532), sculptor; he is noted for the mausoleum of Doge [[Pietro Mocenigo]] in Santi Giovanni e Paolo and for other tombs, including that of [[Dante]] at [[Ravenna]]
* [[Stefano Maderno]] (c. 1576 – 1636), sculptor. He was one of the leading sculptors in Rome during the papacy of [[Paul V]] (1605–1621)<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Stefano_Maderno.aspx#2 "Maderno, Stefano"] ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists''. Web. 24 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Giacomo Manzù]] (1908–1991), sculptor; known for his relief sculptures, which give contemporary dimensions to Christian themes
* [[Marino Marini (sculptor)|Marino Marini]] (1901–1980), sculptor; known for his many vigorous sculptures of horses and horsemen (e.g., ''Horse and Rider'', 1952–53)
* [[Arturo Martini]] (1889–1947), sculptor who was active between the World Wars. He is known for figurative sculptures executed in a wide variety of styles and materials
* [[Michelangelo]] (1475–1564), sculptor and painter; one of the most famous artists in [[History of sculpture|history]]; creations include ''[[Pietà (Michelangelo)|Pietà]]'' (1499) and ''[[David (Michelangelo)|David]]'' (1504)
* [[Mino da Fiesole]] (c. 1429 – 1484), sculptor; he is noted for his portrait busts
* [[Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli]] (c. 1506 – 1563), sculptor of the Michelangelesque school, and seems to have acted as assistant to Michelangelo
* [[Nanni di Banco]] (c. 1384 – 1421), sculptor; the classically influenced ''[[Four Crowned Martyrs]]'' (c. 1415) is considered his masterpiece
* [[Niccolò dell'Arca]] (c. 1435/1440–1494), sculptor. The Ragusa, Bari, and Apulia variants of his name suggest that he might have come from southern Italy
* [[Andrea Pisano]] (1290–1348), sculptor; his most important work, the first bronze doors of the [[Florence Baptistery|Baptistery in Florence]], was begun in 1330
* [[Giovanni Pisano]] (c. 1250 – c. 1315), sculptor, painter and architect; his most famous work is the ''[[Pulpit of St. Andrew]]'' (1301)
* [[Nicola Pisano]] (1220/1225–1284), sometimes considered to be the founder of modern [[sculpture]]
* [[Arnaldo Pomodoro]] (born 1926), sculptor; one of the most famous contemporary artists
* [[Luca della Robbia]] (1399/1400–1482), sculptor, the most famous member of a family of artists. Two of his famous works are ''The Nativity'' (c. 1460) and ''Madonna and Child'' (c. 1475)
* [[Bernardo Rossellino]] (1409–1464), sculptor and architect. He was among the most distinguished Florentine marble sculptors in the second half of the 15th century
* [[Giuseppe Sanmartino]] (1720–1793), sculptor; his masterpiece in this genre is the four ''Virtues of Charles of Bourbon'' (1763–4)
* [[Andrea Sansovino]] (c. 1467 – 1529), sculptor; his statues and reliefs for church decoration, such as the ''Virgin and Child with St. Anne'' (1512) at San Agostino, were greatly admired
* [[Pietro Torrigiano]] (1472–1528), sculptor; his gilt bronze masterpiece, the tomb of King [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] and his [[Elizabeth of York|queen]], is preserved in [[Westminster Abbey]]
* [[Vecchietta]] (1410–1480), painter, sculptor, goldsmith, architect and military engineer. One of the most influential artists of the early Renaissance
* [[Alessandro Vittoria]] (1525–1608), sculptor. He was celebrated for his portrait busts and decorative work, much of which was created for the restoration of the [[Doge's Palace, Venice|Doge's Palace]]
* [[Vittorio Santoro]] (born 1962), Italian/Swiss artist working in sculptures, installations, audio works, works on paper, real-time activities and artist books.
== Sport people ==
{{See also|Category:Italian sportspeople}}
* [[Giacomo Agostini]] (born 1942), motorcycle racer
* [[Fabian Aichner]] (born 1990), professional wrestler
* [[Mario Andretti]] (born 1940), four-time [[IndyCar]] and [[F1]] world champion; one of only two drivers to win races in F1, IndyCar, [[World Sportscar Championship]] and [[NASCAR]]; His record includes 109 career wins on major circuits.
* [[Alberto Ascari]] (1918–1955), automobile racing driver; world champion driver in 1952 and 1953
* [[Roberto Baggio]] (born 1967), footballer, Italy's all time [[FIFA World Cup]] top scorer, former winner of [[Ballon d’Or]] and [[FIFA World Player of the Year]] (1993)
* [[Stefano Baldini]] (born 1971), retired runner
* [[Jacques Balmat]] (1762–1834), mountaineer, called ''Le Mont Blanc'', often regarded as the "Father of Alpinism"; Together with [[Michel-Gabriel Paccard]], he completed the first ever ascent of [[Mont Blanc]] (1786)
* [[Marco Belinelli]] (born 1986), NBA player for the [[San Antonio Spurs]]
* [[Mario Balotelli]] (born 1990), footballer; 2010 [[European Golden Boy]] and [[Euro 2012]] co-leading scorer
* [[Franco Baresi]] (born 1960), former footballer
* [[Andrea Bargnani]] (born 1985), basketball player with the [[New York Knicks]] of the [[National Basketball Association]]
* [[Gino Bartali]] (1914–2000), cyclist, won the [[Giro d'Italia]] twice (in 1936 and 1937) and the [[Tour de France]] in 1938
* [[Stefania Belmondo]] (born 1969), 10-time Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing
* [[Nino Benvenuti]] (born 1938), former boxer
* [[Giuseppe Bergomi]] (born 1963), former professional footballer
* [[Anton Bernard]] (born 1989), professional ice hockey
* [[Lorenzo Bernardi]] (born 1968), volleyball player; Elected by the [[FIVB]] "Volleyball Player of the Century" in 2001
* [[Matteo Berrettini]] (born 1996), tennis player
* [[Paolo Bettini]] (born 1974), road racing cyclist
* [[Nino Bibbia]] (1922–2013), one of [[skeleton]]'s great, Italy's first Winter Olympic gold medalist. In his illustrious career, he earned 231 golds, 97 silvers, and 84 bronzes; The World's most prestigious race is named after him
* [[Pierluigi Bini]], rock climber
* [[Leonardo Bonucci]] (born 1987), football player
* [[Gianluigi Buffon]] (born 1978), footballer; goalkeeper.
* [[Tony Cairoli]] (born 1985), eight-time Grand Prix [[motocross]] world champion; record of 144 races wins and 72 Grand Prix wins make him the second most successful in motocross history
* [[Roberto Cammarelle]] (born 1980), former boxer
* [[Fabio Cannavaro]] (born 1973), footballer; centre back; won the [[FIFA World Player of the Year]] award in 2006.
* [[Primo Carnera]] (1906–1967), heavyweight boxing champion of the world
* [[Jury Chechi]] (born 1969), gymnast, nicknamed "The Lord of the Rings"; first athlete in the sport to win five consecutive world championships gold medals in the same event
* [[Pierluigi Collina]] (born 1960), football referee
* [[Deborah Compagnoni]] (born 1970), alpine skier; won three gold medals at the [[1992 Winter Olympics|1992]], [[1994 Winter Olympics|1994]] and [[1998 Winter Olympics]]
* [[Fausto Coppi]] (1919–1960), cyclist; successes earned him the title ''Il Campionissimo'', or ''champion of champions''
* [[Umberto De Morpurgo]] (1896–1961), tennis player, highest world ranking # 8, Olympic bronze (singles)
* [[Alessandro Del Piero]] (born 1974), footballer
* [[Frankie Dettori]] (born 1970)
* [[Klaus Dibiasi]] (born 1947), diver, the only Olympic diver to have won three successive gold medals and the only one to win medals at four Summer Olympics
* [[Alessio Di Chirico]] (born 1989), mixed martial arts fighter
* [[Giuseppe Farina]] (1906–1966), racing driver; first [[Formula One]] World Champion
* [[Enzo Ferrari]] (1898–1988), race car driver and entrepreneur, founder of the [[Scuderia Ferrari]] [[Grand Prix motor racing]] team
* [[Domenico Fioravanti]] (born 1977), retired swimmer
* [[Roland Fischnaller (snowboarder)|Roland Fischnaller]] (born 1980), snowboarder
* [[Giancarlo Fisichella]] (born 1973), former Formula One driver
* [[Fabio Fognini]] (born 1987), professional tennis player
* [[Danilo Gallinari]] (born 1988), No.6 pick in the [[2008 NBA Draft]], NBA player for [[Oklahoma City Thunder]]
* [[Maurice Garin]] (1871–1957), first giant of Italian cycling, known for winning the inaugural [[Tour de France]] in 1903
* [[Andrea Giani]] (born 1970), coach and retired volleyball player
* [[Camila Giorgi]] (born 1991), tennis player
* [[Antonio Giovinazzi]] (born 1993), racing driver currently competing for [[Alfa Romeo Racing]] in Formula One
* [[Paul Hildgartner]] (born 1952), luger
* [[Josefa Idem]] (born 1964), one of sprint canoeing's legends, winner of 38 international medals among [[Olympic Games]], World and European Championships; Her eight [[Olympic appearances]] is a female record
* [[Christof Innerhofer]] (born 1984), alpine skier, won the men's [[Super Giant Slalom skiing|Super-G]] at the world Alpine championships in [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen]], Germany
* [[Duilio Loi]] (1929–2008), boxer
* [[Paolo Maldini]] (born 1968), footballer; centre back.
* [[Edoardo Mangiarotti]] (1919–2012), won more Olympic titles and World championships than any other fencer in history
* [[Giuseppe Meazza]] (1910–1979), footballer
* [[Dino Meneghin]] (born 1950), basketball player
* [[Pietro Mennea]] (1952–2013), sprinter and politician; was the 1980 Moscow Olympic 200 meter champion, and also held the 200 m world record for 17 years
* [[Reinhold Messner]] (born 1944), mountaineer and explorer
* [[Stefano Modena]] (born 1963), racing driver from Italy, [[FIA European Formula Three Cup]] champion in 1986 and [[International Formula 3000]] champion in 1987; participated in 81 [[Formula One]] Grands Prix during the years 1987–1992
* [[Francesco Molinari]] (born 1982), professional golfer
* [[Eugenio Monti]] (1928–2003), bobsledder, most successful athlete in the history of bobsled with 9 World championship gold medals and 6 Olympic medals, and first ever to receive the [[Pierre de Coubertin medal]]
* [[Uberto De Morpurgo]] (1896–1961), Austrian-born Italian tennis player
* [[Carlton Myers]] (born 1971), basketball player
* [[Nedo Nadi]] (1894–1940), fencer; only one to win a gold medal in each of the three weapons at a single Olympic Games
* [[Alessandro Nesta]] (born 1976), footballer; defender
* [[Vincenzo Nibali]] (born 1984), professional road bicycle racer
* [[Tazio Nuvolari]] (1892–1953), motorcycle and racecar driver
* [[Patrizio Oliva]] (born 1959), former boxer
* [[Marco Pantani]] (1970–2004), cyclist, won both the [[Tour de France]], cycling's premier road race, and the [[Giro d'Italia]] in 1998
* [[Dominik Paris]] (born 1989), alpine skier
* [[Sergio Parisse]] (born 1983), rugby union player
* [[Umberto Pelizzari]] (born 1965), free diver
* [[Felix Peselj]] (born 1990), World Cup Nordic combined skier
* [[Giorgio Petrosyan]] (born 1985), kickboxer
* [[Andrea Pirlo]] (born 1979), footballer
* [[Gianmarco Pozzecco]] (born 1972), basketball player, an all-around offensive talent; won, for seven years, the ranking for the top assist men in the Italian League
* [[Gaetano Poziello]] (born 1975), footballer
* [[Gianni Rivera]] (born 1943), former footballer
* [[Costantino Rocca]] (born 1956), most successful male golfer that Italy has produced
* [[Antonio Rossi]] (born 1968), sprint canoer who has competed since the early 1990s
* [[Paolo Rossi]] (born 1956), footballer; is listed among Pelé's 125 all-time greatest footballers
* [[Valentino Rossi]] (born 1979), motorcycle racer; one of the most successful motorcycle racers of all time
* [[Clemente Russo]] (born 1982), boxer
* [[Alessio Sakara]] (born 1981), mixed martial arts fighter
* [[Alex Schwazer]] (born 1984), race walker
* [[Sara Simeoni]] (born 1953), high jumper; won a gold medal at the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] and twice set a world record in the women's high jump
* [[Jannik Sinner]] (born 2001), tennis player
* [[Limbergo Taccola]] (1928–2003), footballer
* [[Francesco Tagliani]] (1914–?), fotballer
* [[Marco Tardelli]] (born 1954), former football player and manager
* [[Gustavo Thoeni]] (born 1951), skier; His record of four overall World Cup titles in five years are exceeded only by [[Marc Girardelli]]'s five
* [[Alberto Tomba]] (born 1966), alpine skier, known as ''Tomba la Bomba''; Earned 3 Olympic gold medals and 9 World Cup trophies winning 50 events
* [[Francesco Totti]] (born 1976), footballer
* [[Alex Treves]] (born 1929), Italian-born American Olympic fencer
* [[Jarno Trulli]] (born 1974), former Formula One driver
* [[Ondina Valla]] (1916–2006), athlete; first Italian woman to win an [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] gold medal
* [[Marvin Vettori]] (born 1993), mixed martial arts fighter
* [[Valentina Vezzali]] (born 1974), female fencer; One of only four athletes in the history of the [[Summer Olympic Games]] to have won five medals in the same individual event
* [[Christian Vieri]] (born 1973), footballer; one of the finest strikers in Europe
* [[Dorothea Wierer]] (born 1990), professional biathlete
* [[Alex Zanardi]] (born 1966), racing driver; won two [[Champ Car|CART]] championship titles in North America during the late 1990s
* [[Dino Zoff]] (born 1942), football goalkeeper
* [[Armin Zöggeler]] (born 1974), luger; nicknamed ''Il Cannibale''; first Olympian ever, summer or winter, to win six consecutive medals in the same individual event; also holds a record of 10 World Cup titles and 57 victories
* [[Gianfranco Zola]] (born 1966), footballer; voted Chelsea's best player in the centenary celebrations of 2005
== Writers and philosophers ==
{{see also|List of Italian journalists|List of Italian philosophers|List of Italian writers}}
=== Ancient and Late Antique ===
{{main|Latin literature}}
{{See also|Category:Latin-language writers|Category:Philosophers of Roman Italy}}
* [[Lucius Accius]] (170 BC–c. 86 BC), Roman poet. Author of more than 40 tragedies with subjects taken from [[Greek mythology]]
* [[Livius Andronicus]] (c. 284 BC–c. 204 BC), founder of Roman epic poetry and drama<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/344903/Lucius-Livius-Andronicus "Lucius Livius Andronicus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Arator]] (480/490–?), Christian poet, his best known work, ''De Actibus Apostolorum'', is a verse history of the [[Apostles]]
* [[Boethius]] (470/475–524), Roman scholar, Christian philosopher, and statesman, author of the celebrated ''[[Consolation of Philosophy|De consolatione philosophiae]]''
* [[Cassiodorus]] (490 – c. 585), historian, statesman, and monk who helped to save the [[Culture of ancient Rome|culture of Rome]] at a time of impending barbarism<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/98234/Cassiodorus "Cassiodorus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Catullus]] (c. 84 BC–c. 54 BC), Roman poet whose expressions of love and hatred are generally considered the finest lyric poetry of [[ancient Rome]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100206/Gaius-Valerius-Catullus "Gaius Valerius Catullus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Ennius]] (239 BC–169 BC), epic poet, dramatist, and satirist, the most influential of the early Latin poets, rightly called the founder of Roman literature<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/188565/Quintus-Ennius "Quintus Ennius"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Julius Firmicus Maternus]] (?–?), Christian Latin writer and astrologer
* [[Gaius Valerius Flaccus]] (?–c. 90), Roman poet. He wrote an eight-book epic, the ''Argonautica'', on Jason's fabled quest for the [[Golden Fleece]]
* [[Venantius Fortunatus]] (c. 540 – c. 600), poet and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Poitiers|bishop of Poitiers]], whose Latin poems and hymns combine echoes of [[classical Latin]] poets with [[Medieval literature|medieval tone]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/214309/Venantius-Fortunatus "Venantius Fortunatus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Sextus Julius Frontinus]] (c. 40–103), Roman administrator and writer. His most famous work ''[[De aquaeductu]]'', in two books written after he was appointed curator of the Roman water-supply (97)
* [[Aulus Gellius]] (c. 125–after 180), Latin author and grammarian remembered for his miscellany ''Attic Nights'', in which many fragments of lost works are preserved
* [[Horace]] (65 BC–8 BC), Roman poet, outstanding Latin lyric poet and satirist under the emperor [[Augustus]]
* [[Juvenal]] (55/60–127), most powerful of all Roman satiric poets<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/308974/Juvenal "Juvenal"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Livy]] (59/64 BC–AD 17), one of the great Roman historians<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/344974/Livy "Livy"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Lucretius]] (c. 99 BC–c. 55 BC), Roman poet and philosopher known for his single, long poem, ''[[De rerum natura]]''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/350683/Lucretius "Lucretius"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Gnaeus Naevius]] (c. 270 BC–c. 200 BC), second of a triad of early Latin epic poets and dramatists, between Livius Andronicus and Ennius<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/401487/Gnaeus-Naevius "Gnaeus Naevius"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Cornelius Nepos]] (c. 100 BC–c. 25 BC), Roman biographer. His only extant work is a collection of biographies, mostly from a lost larger work, ''De Viris Illustribus'' (on illustrious men)
* [[Ovid]] (43 BC–17 AD), Roman poet noted especially for his ''[[Ars amatoria]]'' and ''[[Metamorphoses]]''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/436057/Ovid "Ovid"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Persius]] (34–62), Roman satirist, author of six satires, which show the influence of Horace and of [[Stoicism]] and which were imitated by [[John Donne]] and translated by [[John Dryden]] (1692)<ref>Drabble, Margaret. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pcIUAQAAIAAJ&q= ''The Oxford companion to English literature'']. Oxford University, 2006. p. 781. Web. 17 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Petronius]] (d. 66 AD), reputed author of the ''[[Satyricon]]'', a literary portrait of Roman society of the 1st century AD<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/454501/Gaius-Petronius-Arbiter "Gaius Petronius Arbiter"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Plautus]] (c. 254 BC–184 BC), Roman comic dramatist, whose works, loosely adapted from Greek plays, established a truly Roman drama in the [[Latin language]]
* [[Pliny the Elder]] (23–79), Roman savant and author of the celebrated ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/464822/Pliny-the-Elder "Pliny the Elder"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pliny the Younger]] (61/62–c. 113),<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/464843/Pliny-the-Younger "Pliny the Younger"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref> Roman author and administrator
* [[Sextus Propertius]] (55/43 BC–16 BC), elegiac poet of [[ancient Rome]]
* [[Gaius Musonius Rufus]] (1st century AD), Roman Stoic philosopher, known as the teacher of [[Epictetus]]
* [[Sallust]] (86 BC–35/34 BC), Roman historian and one of the great Latin literary stylists<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/519466/Sallust "Sallust"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Silius Italicus]] (c. 26–102), Roman poet and politician. He was the author of the longest surviving Latin poem, ''[[Punica (poem)|Punica]]'', an epic in 17 books on the [[Second Punic War]] (218–202 BC)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/544446/Silius-Italicus "Silius Italicus"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 17 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Statius]] (c. 45–c. 96), one of the principal Roman epic and lyric poets of the Silver Age of [[Latin literature]] (18–133)
* [[Suetonius]] (69–after 122), Roman biographer and antiquarian whose writings include ''De viris illustribus'' and ''[[The Twelve Caesars|De vita Caesarum]]''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/571641/Suetonius "Suetonius"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] (c. 345–402), Roman statesman, [[orator]] and writer who was a leading opponent of [[Christianity]]
* [[Tibullus]] (c. 55 BC–c. 19 BC), Roman poet
* [[Marcus Terentius Varro]] (116 BC–27 BC), scholar and satirist, known for his ''Saturae Menippeae''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/623569/Marcus-Terentius-Varro "Marcus Terentius Varro"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Marcus Velleius Paterculus]] (c. 19 BC–c. AD 31), Roman historian. Author of a short history of Rome which he wrote to commemorate the consulship of his friend Marcus Vinicius (AD 30)
* [[Virgil]] (70 BC–19 BC), Roman poet, known for his national epic, the ''[[Aeneid]]''
=== The Middle Ages ===
{{main|Italian literature}}
{{See also|Category:Italian writers|Category:Italian philosophers}}
* [[Albertanus of Brescia]] (c. 1195 – c. 1251), Latin prose writer; known work is ''Liber consolationis et consilii'' ("The book of consolation and council")
* [[Dante Alighieri]] (1265–1321), poet; known for the epic poem ''[[The Divine Comedy]]''
* [[Cecco Angiolieri]] (c. 1260 – c. 1312), poet who is considered by some the first master of Italian comic verse<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/24651/Cecco-Angiolieri "Cecco Angiolieri"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Anselm of Canterbury]] (1033–1109), founder of [[Scholasticism]]; he was one of the most important Christian thinkers of the 11th century
* [[Thomas Aquinas]] (c. 1225 – 1274), philosopher and theologian in the scholastic tradition; his most influential work is the ''[[Summa Theologica]]'' (1265–1274) which consists of three parts<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/31211/Saint-Thomas-Aquinas "Saint Thomas Aquinas"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Bonaventure]] (1221–1274), leading medieval theologian, philosopher, minister general of the [[Franciscan order]] and [[Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano|cardinal bishop of Albano]]. He wrote several works on the spiritual life
* [[Boncompagno da Signa]] (c. 1165/1175–1240), philosopher, grammarian and historian
* [[Guido Cavalcanti]] (c. 1255 – 1300), poet, a major figure among the Florentine poets
* [[Gioacchino da Fiore]] (1130–1202), theologian, mystic and esotericist. His thoughts inspired many philosophical movements as the [[Joachimites]] and the [[Florians]]
* [[Dino Compagni]] (c. 1255 – 1324), historical writer and political figure
* [[Pietro d'Abano]] (1257–1315), physician, philosopher, and astrologer
* [[Bonvesin da la Riva]] (c. 1240 – c. 1313), poet and writer
* [[Francis of Assisi]] (1181/1182–1226), founder of the [[Franciscan]] orders of the Friars Minor
* [[Giacomo da Lentini]] (''fl.'' 13th century), poet. He is traditionally credited with the invention of the [[sonnet]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/232894/Giacomo-da-Lentini "Giacomo Da Lentini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Guido delle Colonne]] (c. 1215 – c. 1290), jurist, poet, and Latin prose writer; author of a prose narrative of the [[Trojan War]] entitled ''[[Historia destructionis Troiae]]'' (completed about 1287)
* [[Guido Guinizelli]] (c. 1230 – 1276), considered a precursor of Dante and the originator of the so-called ''[[dolce stil novo]]'', or sweet new style<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404702698.html "Guido Guinizzelli"] ''Encyclopedia of World Biography''. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Guittone d'Arezzo]] (c. 1235 – 1294), poet and the founder of the Tuscan School
* [[Jacobus de Voragine]] (1228/30–1298), [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa|archbishop of Genoa]], chronicler, and author of the ''[[Golden Legend]];'' one of the most popular religious works of the [[Middle Ages]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/299131/Jacobus-de-Voragine "Jacobus De Voragine"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Jacopone da Todi]] (c. 1230 – 1306), [[Franciscan]] poet; he wrote many ardent, mystical poems and is probably the author of the [[Latin]] poem ''[[Stabat Mater Dolorosa]]''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/299148/Jacopone-da-Todi "Jacopone Da Todi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Lanfranc]] (c. 1005 – 1089), philosopher and theologian
* [[Brunetto Latini]] (c. 1220 – 1294), philosopher, scholar and statesman; wrote, in [[French language|French]], ''Li livres dou tresor'', the first [[vernacular]] [[encyclopedia]]
* [[Peter Lombard]] (c. 1100 – 1160), theologian; his philosophical work, the ''[[Four Books of Sentences]]'', was the standard [[theological]] text of the Middle Ages<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Peter_Lombard.aspx "Peter Lombard"] ''Encyclopedia of World Biography''. Web. 4 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Marsilius of Padua]] (1270–1342), political philosopher, whose work ''[[Defensor pacis]]'' ("Defender of the Peace"), one of the most revolutionary of medieval documents
* [[Matthew of Aquasparta]] (1240–1302), Franciscan and scholastic philosopher
* [[Michael of Cesena]] (c. 1270 – 1342), Franciscan, general of that Order, and theologian
* [[Thomas of Celano]] (c. 1200 – c. 1255), Friar Minor and poet; author of three [[Hagiography|hagiographies]] about Saint Francis of Assisi
* [[Giovanni Villani]] (c. 1275 – 1348), chronicler whose European attitude to history foreshadowed [[Humanism]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/629121/Giovanni-Villani "Giovanni Villani"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 4 March 2011.</ref>
=== Humanism and the Renaissance ===
* [[Pietro Aretino]] (1492–1556), writer and satirist; known for his literary attacks on his wealthy and powerful contemporaries and for six volumes of letters
* [[Ludovico Ariosto]] (1474–1533), poet remembered for his epic poem ''[[Orlando furioso]]'' (1516)
* [[Pietro Bembo]] (1470–1547), cardinal who wrote one of the earliest [[Italian grammar]]s and assisted in establishing the Italian literary language<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/60259/Pietro-Bembo "Pietro Bembo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Francesco Berni]] (1497/98–1535), poet; important for the distinctive style of his Italian [[Burlesque (literary)|burlesque]], which was called bernesco and imitated by many poets<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62525/Francesco-Berni "Francesco Berni"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] (1313–1375), poet and scholar, author of ''[[De mulieribus claris]]'', the ''[[Decameron]]'' and poems in the vernacular
* [[Matteo Maria Boiardo]] (1440/41–1494), poet whose ''[[Orlando innamorato]]'', the first poem to combine elements of both Arthurian and Carolingian traditions of romance<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/71737/Matteo-Maria-Boiardo-Conte-di-Scandiano "Matteo Maria Boiardo, count di Scandiano"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giovanni Botero]] (c. 1544 – 1617), philosopher and diplomat, known for his work ''[[The Reason of State]]'' (1589)
* [[Luigi Da Porto]] (1485–1530), writer and storiographer, better known as the author of the novel ''Novella novamente ritrovata'' with the story of [[Romeo and Juliet]], later adapted by [[William Shakespeare]] for his famous drama
* [[Leonardo Bruni]] (c. 1370 – 1444), a leading historian of his time. He wrote ''History of the Florentine People'' (1414–15); is generally considered the first modern work of history
* [[Giordano Bruno]] (1548–1600), philosopher; his major metaphysical works, ''De la causa, principio, et Uno'' (1584) and ''De l'infinito universo et Mondi'' (1584), were published in France
* [[Giulio Camillo]] (c. 1480 – 1544), philosopher; known for his ''theatre'', described in his posthumously published work ''L’Idea del Theatro''
* [[Baldassare Castiglione]] (1478–1529), courtier, diplomat and writer, known for his dialogue ''[[The Book of the Courtier]]'' ; one of the great books of its time<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Baldassare_Conte_Castiglione.aspx "Castiglione, Baldassare"] ''Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World''. Web. 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Francesco Colonna (writer)|Francesco Colonna]] (1433–1527), author of [[Hypnerotomachia Poliphili]].
* [[Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)|Cesare Cremonini]] (1550–1631), Aristotelian philosopher at Padua University
* [[Mario Equicola]] (c. 1470 – 1525), writer; author of ''Libro de natura de amore'' (1525) and ''Istituzioni del comporre in ogni sorta di rima della lingua volgare'' (1541)
* [[Marsilio Ficino]] (1433–1499), philosopher; his chief work was ''Theologia Platonica de immortalitate animae'' (1482), in which he combined Christian theology and Neoplatonic elements
* [[Francesco Filelfo]] (1398–1481), writer; author of pieces in prose, published under the title ''Convivia Mediolanensia'', and a great many [[Latin]] translations from the [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Veronica Franco]] (1546–1591), poet and high-ranking courtesan; famous in her day for her intellectual and artistic accomplishments
* [[Giovanni Battista Guarini]] (1538–1612), poet who, with Torquato Tasso, is credited with establishing the form of a new [[literary genre]], the [[pastoral]] drama<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/247948/Battista-Guarini "Battista Guarini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 13 April 2011.</ref>
* [[Francesco Guicciardini]] (1483–1540), historian; author of the most important contemporary ''History of Italy'' (1537/1540); the masterwork of Italian historical literature of the [[Renaissance]]
* [[Cristoforo Landino]] (1424–1498), writer; he wrote three works framed as philosophical dialogues: ''De anima'' (1453), ''De vera nobilitate'' (1469), and the ''Disputationes Camaldulenses'' (c. 1474)
* [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] (1469–1527), political philosopher and writer; known for his ''[[The Prince]]'' (written in 1513 and published in 1532); one of the world's most famous essays on [[political science]]
* [[Giannozzo Manetti]] (1396–1459), politician and diplomat; significant scholar of the early Italian Renaissance
* [[Girolamo Mei]] (1519–1594), writer; his treatise ''De modis musicis antiquorum'' (a study of ancient Greek music) greatly influenced the ideas of the [[Florentine Camerata]]
* [[Guidobaldo del Monte]] (1545–1607), mathematician, philosopher and astronomer; known for his work ''Mechanicorum Liber'' (1577)
* [[Gianfrancesco Straparola]] (1480–1557), writer, whose collection of 75 stories ''Le piacevoli notti'' contains the first known versions of many popular fairy tales. Along with [[Giambattista Basile|Basile]], he set the standards for the literary form of [[fairy tale]]
* [[Agostino Nifo]] (c. 1473 – 1538 or 1545), philosopher and commentator; his principal works are: ''De intellectu et daemonibus'' (1492) and ''De immortalitate animi'' (1518/1524)
* [[Marius Nizolius]] (1498–1576), philosopher and scholar; his major work was the ''Thesaurus Ciceronianus'', published in 1535
* [[Franciscus Patricius]] (1529–1597), philosopher and scientist. His two great works: ''Discussionum peripateticorum libri XV'' (1571) and ''Nova de universis philosophia'' (1591)
* [[Petrarch]] (1304–1374), scholar and poet; his ''[[Il Canzoniere]]'' had enormous influence on the poets of the 15th and 16th centuries
* [[Alessandro Piccolomini]] (1508–1579), philosopher; his works include ''Il Dialogo della bella creanza delle donne, o Raffaella'' (1539) and the comedies ''Amor costante'' (1536) and ''Alessandro'' (1544)
* [[Giovanni Pico della Mirandola]] (1463–1494), scholar and [[Platonist]] philosopher; his ''[[Oration on the Dignity of Man]]'' (1486) is better known than any other philosophical text of the 15th century
* [[Bartolomeo Platina]] (1421–1481), writer and gastronomist. Author of ''Lives of the Popes'' (1479); the first systematic handbook of papal history and ''On honourable pleasure and health'' (1465); the world's first printed cookbook
* [[Poliziano]] (1454–1494), poet and philologist; among his works: ''Stanze per la giostra'' (incomplete) and ''Orfeo'' (1475)
* [[Pietro Pomponazzi]] (1462–1525), philosopher; his principal work is ''On the Immortality of the Soul'' (1516)
* [[Simone Porzio]] (1496–1554), philosopher. His principal works are: ''An homo bonus, vel malus volens fiat'' (1551) and ''De mente humana'' (1551)
* [[Francesco Pucci]] (1543–1597), philosopher; author of ''Forma d'una repubblica cattolica'' (1581)
* [[Luigi Pulci]] (1432–1484), poet; he ridiculed the heroic poems of his time in his mock epic ''[[Morgante]]'' (1478, 1483)
* [[Ottavio Rinuccini]] (1562–1621), poet, courtier and opera librettist
* [[Coluccio Salutati]] (1331–1406), philosopher, man of letters and a skilled writer; Coluccio drew heavily upon the [[Classics|classical tradition]]
* [[Jacopo Sannazaro]] (1456–1530), poet; author of ''Arcadia'' (1501–1504), first pastoral romance<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/522609/Jacopo-Sannazzaro "Jacopo Sannazzaro"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Julius Caesar Scaliger]] (1484–1558), scholar; author of ''De causis linguae Latinae'' (1540) and ''[[Poetics (Julius Caesar Scaliger)|Poetics]]'' (1561)<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Julius_Caesar_Scaliger.aspx "Scaliger, Julius Caesar"] ''The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature''. Web. 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Sperone Speroni]] (1500–1588), philosopher and scholar; he was one of the central members of [[Padua]]'s literary academy, [[Accademia degli Infiammati]], and wrote on both moral and literary matters
* [[Torquato Tasso]] (1544–1595), poet, one of the foremost writers of the Renaissance, celebrated for his heroic epic poem ''[[Jerusalem Delivered]]'' (1581)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/584002/Torquato-Tasso "Torquato Tasso"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Bernardino Telesio]] (1509–1588), philosopher; his chief work was ''De rerum natura iuxta propria principia'' (1565), marked the period of transition from Aristotelianism to modern thought
* [[Gian Giorgio Trissino]] (1478–1550), literary theorist, philologist, dramatist, and poet, an important innovator in Italian drama<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/605899/Gian-Giorgio-Trissino "Gian Giorgio Trissino"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Lorenzo Valla]] (1407–1457), rhetorician, and educator who attacked medieval traditions and anticipated views of the Protestant reformers
* [[Lucilio Vanini]] (1585–1619), philosopher; author of ''Amphitheatrum Aeternae Providentiae Divino-Magicum'' (1615) and ''De Admirandis Naturae Reginae Deaeque Mortalium Arcanis'' (1616)
* [[Benedetto Varchi]] (1502/1503–1565), poet and historian; known for his work ''Storia fiorentina'' (16 vol.), published only in 1721
* [[Giorgio Vasari]] (1511–1574), writer, architect and painter, known for his entertaining [[biographies]] of artists, ''Le Vite de' più eccellenti architetti, pittori, et scultori italiani'' (1550)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/623661/Giorgio-Vasari "Giorgio Vasari"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Nicoletto Vernia]] (1442–1499), [[Averroist]] philosopher, at the [[University of Padua]]
* [[Giovanni della Casa]] (1503–1556), poet, writer and diplomat. His [[Il Galateo]] (1558), the most celebrated etiquette book in European history, set the foundation for modern etiquette, polite behavior and manners literature<ref>{{cite book|last=D'Urso|first=Valentina|title=Le Buone Maniere|year=1997|publisher=Il Mulino|location=Bologna|pages=119}}</ref>
=== The Baroque period and the Enlightenment ===
* [[Claudio Achillini]] (1574–1640), poet and jurist; one of the better known Marinisti
* [[Vittorio Alfieri]] (1749–1803), tragic poet; from 1775 to 1787, wrote 19 verse [[tragedie]]s; his works include ''Filippo'' (1775), ''Oreste'' (1786) and ''Mirra'' (1786)
* [[Francesco Algarotti]] (1712–1764), philosopher and art critic; author of a number of stimulating essays on the subjects of [[architecture]] (1753), the [[opera]] (1755), and [[painting]] (1762)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/14876/Francesco-Algarotti "Francesco Algarotti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Maria Gaetana Agnesi]] (1718–1799), philosopher and mathematician; first woman to write a mathematics handbook and first woman as mathematics professor in a university<ref>[http://womenshistory.about.com/od/sciencemath1/a/maria_agnesi.html WOMEN'S HISTORY CATEGORIES]{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, About Education</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti]] (1719–1789), literary critic; author of ''Italian Library'' (1757)
* [[Giambattista Basile]] (c. 1575 – 1632), poet; his collection of 50 short stories [[Pentamerone]] (1634–6), provided the content later borrowed by [[Charles Perrault]] and [[Brothers Grimm]]. With [[Straparola]], he is one of the two fathers of fairy tale tradition
* [[Cesare Beccaria]] (1738–1794), philosopher, criminologist and jurist; works include his treatise ''[[Dei delitti e delle pene]]'' (1763–4)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/57861/Cesare-Beccaria "Cesare Beccaria"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Saverio Bettinelli]] (1718–1808), writer; author of ''Lettere dieci di Virgilio agli Arcadi'' (1758)
* [[Tommaso Campanella]] (1568–1639), [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] philosopher and writer; remembered for his socialistic work ''[[The City of the Sun]]'' (1602)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/91122/Tommaso-Campanella "Tommaso Campanella"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Lorenzo Maria Casaregi]] (1670–1737), jurist and advocate
* [[Melchiorre Cesarotti]] (1730–1808), poet and translator; author of ''Essay on the Philosophy of Taste'' (1785) and ''Essay on the Philosophy of Languages'' (1785)
* [[Elena Cornaro Piscopia]] (1646–1684), philosopher, first woman to graduate from a university with a doctorate
* [[Lorenzo Da Ponte]] (1749–1838), poet and librettist; his most important librettos were for Mozart: ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'' (1786), ''[[Don Giovanni]]'' (1787), and ''[[Così fan tutte]]'' (1790)
* [[Carlo Denina]] (1731–1813), historian; author of ''Delle rivoluzioni d'Italia'' (1769–70) and ''Delle revoluzioni della Germania'' (1804)
* [[Gaetano Filangieri]] (1752–1788), economist and state adviser; he is known for his work, ''The Science of Legislation'' (vols. 1–7; 1780–85)
* [[Ferdinando Galiani]] (1728–1787), economist; he published two treatises, ''[[Della Moneta]]'' (1750) and ''Dialogues sur le commerce des blés'' (1770)
* [[Antonio Genovesi]] (1712–1769), writer and political; author of ''Disciplinarum Metaphysicarum Elementa'' (1743–52) and ''Logica'' (1745)
* [[Pietro Giannone]] (1676–1748), historian and jurist; his most important work was his ''Il Triregno, ossia del regno del cielo, della terra, e del papa'' ; published only in 1895
* [[Carlo Goldoni]] (1707–1793), playwright; wrote more than 260 dramatic works of all sorts, including [[opera]]
* [[Gasparo Gozzi]] (1713–1786), poet, critic and journalist. His principal writings are: ''Lettere famigliari'' (1755), ''Il Mondo morale'' (1760) and ''Osservatore Veneto periodico'' (1761)
* [[Giovanni Battista Guarini]] (1538–1612), poet and theoretician of literature; his best-known work is ''[[Il pastor fido]]'' (1590), a pastoral tragicomedy
* [[Scipione Maffei]] (1675–1755), writer and art critic; his most important works: ''Conclusioni di amore'' (1702), ''La scienza cavalleresca'' (1710) and ''De fabula equestris ordinis Constantiniani'' (1712)
* [[Giambattista Marino]] (1569–1625), poet. Founder of the school of [[Marinism]] (later ''Secentismo''); among his principal works is ''L'Adone'' (1623), a long narrative poem
* [[Metastasio]] (1698–1782), poet and librettist; considered the most important writer of [[opera seria]] libretti. His melodrama ''Attilio Regolo'' (1750) is generally considered his masterpiece
* [[Ludovico Antonio Muratori]] (1672–1750), historian; author of ''Antiquitates Italicae Medii Aevi'' (6 vols; 1738–42) and ''Annali d'Italia'' (12 vols; 1744–49)
* [[Ferrante Pallavicino]] (1615–1644) satirist and novelist; his most important works: ''Baccinata ouero battarella per le api barberine'' (1642) and ''La Retorica delle puttane'' (1643)
* [[Giuseppe Parini]] (1729–1799), prose writer and poet; author of ''Dialogo sopra la nobiltà'' (1757) and ''Il giorno'' (4 books, 1763–1801)
* [[Cesare Ripa]] (c. 1560 – c. 1622), aesthetician and writer; author of the ''Iconologia overo Descrittione Dell’imagini Universali cavate dall’Antichità et da altri luoghi'' (1593), an influential [[emblem book]]
* [[Paolo Vergani]] (1753–1820), economist of the Papal States
* [[Alessandro Verri]] (1741–1816), novelist and reformer; author of ''Le avventure di Saffo poetessa di Mitilene'' (1782), ''Notti romane al sepolcro degli Scipioni'' (1792–1804) and ''La vita di Erostrato'' (1815)
* [[Pietro Verri]] (1728–1797), political economist and writer; his chief works are: ''Riflessioni sulle leggi vincolanti'' (1769) and ''Meditazioni sull' economia politica'' (1771)
* [[Giambattista Vico]] (1668–1744), philosopher and historian; his major theories were developed in his ''Scienza nuova'' (1725)
=== The 1800s ===
* [[Giuseppe Gioacchino Belli]] (1791–1863), poet; he described the vast panorama of Roman society in colorful dialect
* [[Giovanni Berchet]] (1783–1851), patriot and poet; he wrote stirring patriotic ballads of a romantic type and rhymed romances, such as ''Giulia'' and ''Matilde''
* [[Luigi Capuana]] (1839–1915), critic and novelist; among his best works are the short stories in ''Paesane'' (1894) and the novel ''Il marchese di Roccaverdina'' (1901)
* [[Giosuè Carducci]] (1835–1907), poet, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1906, and one of the most influential literary figures of his age<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/95672/Giosue-Carducci "Giosuè Carducci"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Carlo Collodi]] (1826–1890), author and journalist, best known as the creator of the canonical piece of children's literature and world's most translated non-religious book ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio]]''<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/125888/C-Collodi "C. Collodi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]] (1863–1938), poet, military hero and political leader; author of ''Il piacere'' (1889), ''L'innocente'' (1892), ''Giovanni Episcopo'' (1892) and ''Il trionfo della morte'' (1894)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/151126/Gabriele-DAnnunzio "Gabriele D’Annunzio"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Edmondo De Amicis]] (1846–1908), novelist and short-story writer; his most important work is the sentimental [[Children's literature|children's story]] ''[[Heart (novel)|Heart]]'' (1886)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/153293/Edmondo-De-Amicis "Edmondo De Amicis"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Federico De Roberto]] (1861–1927), writer; known for his novel ''I Vicerè'' (1894)
* [[Francesco de Sanctis (critic)|Francesco de Sanctis]] (1817–1883), historian and literary critic; important works are his ''Saggi critici'' (1866) and his ''[[Storia della letteratura italiana (De Sanctis)|Storia della letteratura italiana]]'' (1870–71)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/154016/Francesco-De-Sanctis "Francesco De Sanctis"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Antonio Fogazzaro]] (1842–1911), novelist and poet; his famous ''Piccolo mondo antico'' (1896), it is considered one of the great Italian novels of the 19th century
* [[Ugo Foscolo]] (1778–1827), poet and patriot; his popular novel ''The Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis'' (1802) bitterly denounced [[Napoleon]]'s cession of Venetia to Austria<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/214481/Ugo-Foscolo "Ugo Foscolo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Vincenzo Gioberti]] (1801–1852), philosopher and political writer; his most celebrated work is ''Del primato morale e civile degli italiani'' (1843)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/233999/Vincenzo-Gioberti "Vincenzo Gioberti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Giusti]] (1809–1850), satirical poet; known for his poem, ''Sant’Ambrogio'' (c. 1846)
* [[Raimondo Guarini]] (1765–1852), archaeologist, epigrapher, poet; authored the first Oscan/Latin dictionary
* [[Francesco Guicciardini (politician)|Francesco Guicciardini]] (1851–1915), member of the Italian cabinet
* [[Giacomo Leopardi]] (1798–1837), poet and philosopher; author of ''Canti'' (1816–37), expressing a deeply pessimistic view of humanity and human nature
* [[Alessandro Manzoni]] (1785–1873), poet and novelist; he is famous for the novel ''[[The Betrothed (Manzoni novel)|The Betrothed]]'', generally ranked among the masterpieces of [[world literature]]
* [[Ippolito Nievo]] (1831–1861), writer and patriot; known for his novel ''Confessioni di un Italiano'', also known as ''Confessioni d'un ottuagenario'' which was published posthumously in 1867
* [[Giovanni Pascoli]] (1855–1912), poet; his works include ''Carmina'' (in [[Latin]], 1914), the more mystical ''Myricae'' (1891) and the patriotic ''Odi e inni'' (1906)
* [[Silvio Pellico]] (1789–1854), dramatic poet; his principal works are ''Francesca da Rimini'' (1818) and ''Le mie prigioni'' (1832)
* [[Antonio Rosmini-Serbati]] (1797–1855), religious philosopher; he is known for his work, ''Nuovo saggio sull’origine delle idee'', published in 1830
* [[Emilio Salgari]] (1862–1911), adventure novelist for the young; creator of popular heroic figure [[Sandokan]]
* [[Niccolò Tommaseo]] (1802–1874), poet and critic; editor of a ''Dizionario della Lingua Italiana'' in eight volumes (1861–74), of a dictionary of synonyms (1830) and other works
* [[Achille Torelli]] (1841–1922), playwright
* [[Giovanni Verga]] (1840–1922), novelist; his works include ''[[Cavalleria rusticana]]'' (1880), ''[[I Malavoglia]]'' (1881), ''Novelle rusticane'' (1883), and ''Mastro-Don Gesualdo'' (1889)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626007/Giovanni-Verga "Giovanni Verga"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
=== The 1900s ===
* [[Nicola Abbagnano]] (1901–1990), author of such books as ''La struttura dell'esistenza'' (1939). He was the first and most important Italian [[existentialist]]
* [[Corrado Alvaro]] (1895–1956), novelist and journalist; author of ''Gente in Aspromonte'', considered by most critics to be his masterpiece
* [[Giulio Angioni]] (1939–2017), novelist and anthropologist
* [[Giorgio Bassani]] (1916–2000), novelist; his most acclaimed work, ''[[The Garden of the Finzi-Continis]]'', published in 1962
* [[Carmelo Bene]] (1937–2002), actor, poet, theater director, film director and screenwriter author of [[One Hamlet Less]], [[Salomè (1972 film)|Salomè]].
* [[Vitaliano Brancati]] (1907–1954), writer; in 1950 won the [[Bagutta Prize]]
* [[Gesualdo Bufalino]] (1920–1996), writer; his novel, ''Le menzogne della notte'' (1988) won the [[Strega Prize]]
* [[Dino Buzzati]] (1906–1972), writer, novelist and painter; his most famous work is a novel, ''[[The Tartar Steppe]]'', published in 1940
* [[Italo Calvino]] (1923–1985), novelist; his trilogy of historical fantasies ''[[The Cloven Viscount]]'' (1952), ''[[The Baron in the Trees]]'' (1957), and ''[[The Nonexistent Knight]]'' (1959) brought him international acclaim
* [[Andrea Camilleri]] (1925–2019), writer; the creator of the popular Inspector [[Salvo Montalbano]]
* [[Dino Campana]] (1885–1932), poet, author of Canti Orfici.
* [[Carlo Cassola]] (1917–1987), neorealist novelist; known for his novel, ''[[Bébo's Girl]]'', published in 1960
* [[Benedetto Croce]] (1866–1952), historian, humanist, and foremost Italian philosopher of the first half of the 20th century<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143635/Benedetto-Croce "Benedetto Croce"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Erri De Luca]] (born 1950), poet and writer; author of ''Aceto, arcobaleno'' (1992), ''Tre cavalli'' (2000) and ''Montedidio'' (2002)
* [[Grazia Deledda]] (1871–1936), novelist. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1926; her best-known works are ''Elias Portolu'' (1903), ''Cenere'' (1904), and ''La madre'' (1920)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/156461/Grazia-Deledda "Grazia Deledda"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Umberto Eco]] (1932–2016), novelist; internationally known for his novel ''[[The Name of the Rose]]'' (1980)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/178209/Umberto-Eco "Umberto Eco"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Julius Evola]] (1898–1974), philosopher and social thinker; one of the leading exponents of the Hermetic tradition
* [[Oriana Fallaci]] (1929–2006), author, and political interviewer; important works are her ''[[The Rage and the Pride]]'' (2001) and ''[[The Force of Reason]]'' (2004)
* [[Beppe Fenoglio]] (1922–1963), novelist; he is known for his novel ''Il partigiano Johnny'', which was published posthumously (and incomplete) in 1968
* [[Dario Fo]] (1926–2016), satirist, playwright, theater director, actor, and composer. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1997<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/211769/Dario-Fo "Dario Fo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Carlo Emilio Gadda]] (1893–1973), novelist; known novel is ''[[That Awful Mess on Via Merulana]]'' (1957)
* [[Francesco Gaeta (poet)|Francesco Gaeta]] (1879–1927)
* [[Natalia Ginzburg]] (1916–1991), novelist; known for her novels ''La strada che va in città'' (1942), ''È stato così'' (1947) and ''Le voci della sera'' (1961)
* [[Giovannino Guareschi]] (1908–1968), journalist and novelist, known as author of ''The Little World of [[Don Camillo]]'' (tr. 1950) and its sequels
* [[Tommaso Landolfi]] (1908–1979), author and translator; most known and translated work is ''Racconto d'autunno'' (1947)
* [[Carlo Levi]] (1902–1975), writer, painter, and political journalist; known for his book, ''[[Christ Stopped at Eboli]]'', published in 1945<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/337894/Carlo-Levi "Carlo Levi"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Primo Levi]] (1919–1987), writer and chemist; his first memoir, ''[[If This Is a Man]]'' has been described as one of the most important works of the 20th century<ref>[http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/sr204/writers.htm Paul O'Brien] ''Socialist Review'' 204 (January 1997). Web. 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Claudio Magris]] (born 1939), writer; author of ''Illazioni su una sciabola'' (1984), ''Danubio'' (1986), ''Stadelmann'' (1988), ''Un altro mare'' (1991) and ''Microcosmi'' (1997)
* [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]] (1876–1944), writer and novelist. The ideological founder of [[Futurism]]; among his works are ''Le Roi Bombance'' (1905) and ''[[Futurist Manifesto]]'' (1909)
* [[Fulvio Melia]] (born 1956), writer and astrophysicist; author of ''Electrodynamics'' (2001), ''The Edge of Infinity. Supermassive Black Holes in the Universe'' (2003), and ''High-Energy Astrophysics'' (2009)
* [[Eugenio Montale]] (1896–1981), poet whose works, which greatly influenced 20th-century Italian literature, include ''Le Occasioni'' (1939) and ''Satura'' (1962). He won the 1975 Nobel Prize for literature
* [[Indro Montanelli]] (1909–2001), journalist and historian, known for his new approach to writing history in books such as ''History of Rome'' (1957) and ''History of the Greeks'' (1959)
* [[Elsa Morante]] (1912–1985), novelist and poet; her most acclaimed work, ''[[History (novel)|History]]'', published in 1974
* [[Alberto Moravia]] (1907–1990), novelist; author of ''[[Gli indifferenti]]'' (1929) and of the anti-fascist novel, ''[[The Conformist]]'' (1951)
* [[Aldo Palazzeschi]] (1885–1974), novelist and poet; known for his novel ''Il codice di Perelà'' published in 1911
* [[Cesare Pavese]] (1908–1950), poet, novelist and translator; his major works include ''Il Compagno'' (1947), ''Tra Donne Sole'' (1948) and ''[[The Moon and the Bonfires]]'' (1949)
* [[Luigi Pirandello]] (1867–1936), writer and dramatist, winner of the 1934 Nobel Prize for Literature; known for a series of novels and the modernist play, ''[[Six Characters in Search of an Author]]''
* [[Vasco Pratolini]] (1913–1991), writer and novelist; his most important literary works are the novels ''Family Diary'' (1947), ''Chronicle of Poor Lovers'' (1947) and ''Metello'' (1955)
* [[Salvatore Quasimodo]] (1901–1968), poet; his works include ''La terra impareggiabile'' (1958) and ''Dare e avere'' (1966). He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1959<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/486541/Salvatore-Quasimodo "Salvatore Quasimodo"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Mario Rigoni Stern]] (1921–2008), his major works include ''Il sergente nella neve'' (1953), ''Storia di Tönle'' (1978) and ''Le stagioni di Giacomo'' (1995)
* [[Gianni Rodari]] (1920–1980), writer and journalist; he won the [[Hans Christian Andersen Award]] in 1970
* [[Rafael Sabatini]] (1875–1950), Italian-British writer of novels of romance and adventure. He remains best known for ''[[The Sea Hawk]]'' (1915), ''[[Scaramouche (novel)|Scaramouche]]'' (1921) and ''[[Captain Blood (novel)|Captain Blood]]'' (1922)
* [[Leonardo Sciascia]] (1921–1989), writer; author of ''[[The Day of the Owl]]'' (1961) and ''[[To Each His Own (novel)|To Each His Own]]'' (1966)
* [[Filippo Scòzzari]] (born 1946), novelist and comic writer
* [[Ignazio Silone]] (1900–1978), novelist and journalist; known for his novel ''Fontamara'' (1930); was translated into 14 languages<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/544651/Ignazio-Silone "Ignazio Silone"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Italo Svevo]] (1861–1928), novelist; his best-known work, which has been called Italy's first modernist novel, is ''[[Zeno's Conscience]]'' (1923){{citation needed|date=February 2014}}
* [[Antonio Tabucchi]] (1943–2012), writer; author of ''Notturno Indiano'' (1984) and ''Sostiene Pereira'' (1994)
* [[Susanna Tamaro]] (born 1957), novelist. Known for the [[bestseller]] ''Va' dove ti porta il cuore'' (1994)
* [[Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa]] (1896–1957), novelist; internationally renowned for his work, ''[[The Leopard]]'', published posthumously in 1958<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/598836/Giuseppe-Tomasi-di-Lampedusa "Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Pier Vittorio Tondelli]] (1955–1991), writer; author of ''[[Altri Libertini]]'' (1980) and ''[[Dinner Party (play)|Dinner Party]]'' (1994)
* [[Federigo Tozzi]] (1883–1920), writer; known for his novel ''Con gli occhi chiusi'' published in 1919
* [[Giuseppe Ungaretti]] (1888–1970), poet, founder of the Hermetic movement that brought about a reorientation in modern Italian poetry<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/614429/Giuseppe-Ungaretti "Giuseppe Ungaretti"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Elio Vittorini]] (1908–1966), novelist; his works, among them ''The Twilight of the Elephant'' (1947) and ''The Red Carnation'' (1948), make a serious attempt to assess the [[Fascist]] experience<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/631368/Elio-Vittorini "Elio Vittorini"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
== Other notables ==
* [[Filippo Grandi]] (born 1957), diplomat
* [[Franco Archibugi]] (born 1926), economist and planner
* [[Mike Bongiorno]] (1924–2009), famous American-born Italian game show host
* [[Dario Nardella]] (born 1974), politician
* [[Palizzolo Gravina]], baron of Ramione, 19th century heraldic writer
* [[Lucia Guerrini]] (1921–1990), classical scholar and archaeologist
* [[Barbara Labate]] (born 1970s), entrepreneur, co-founder of the successful shopping site Risparmio Super
* [[Marcel Bich]] (1914–1994), entrepreneur, co-founder of the worldwide famous company [[Société Bic|Bic]]. He created what would become the most popular and best selling pen in the World, [[Bic Cristal]]
* [[Giovanni Agnelli]] (1866–1945), entrepreneur. Founder of the [[Fiat]] (''Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino'') automobile company
* [[Francesco Antonio Broccu]] (1797–1882), artisan. Generally regarded as the inventor of [[Revolver]] (1833)<ref>[http://edicola.unionesarda.it/Articolo.aspx?Data=20101203&Categ=0&Voce=1&IdArticolo=2528176 "La pistola di Colt? La inventò prima Broccu"] ''[[L'Unione Sarda]]''. Web. 5 March 2011. {{in lang|it}}</ref>
* [[Alessandro Cagliostro]] (1743–1795), charlatan, magician, and adventurer who enjoyed enormous success in Parisian high society in the years preceding the [[French Revolution]]
* [[Ambrogio Calepino]] (c. 1440 – 1510), one of the earliest Italian lexicographers, from whose name came the once-common Italian word ''calepino'' and English word ''calepin'', for "[[dictionary]]"
* [[Antonio Benedetto Carpano]] (1764–1815), distiller. Inventor of [[vermouth]] and [[aperitif]] (1786)
* [[Giacomo Casanova]] (1725–1798), adventurer and author, chiefly remembered as the prince of Italian adventurers and as the man who made the name Casanova synonymous with "[[libertine]]"
* [[Bartolomeo Cristofori]] (1655–1731), harpsichord maker generally credited with the invention of the [[piano]] (c. 1700)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143328/Bartolomeo-di-Francesco-Cristofori "Bartolomeo Cristofori"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</ref>
* [[Francesco Datini]] (1335–1410), merchant whose business and private papers, preserved in [[Prato]], constitute one of the most important archives of the [[economic history]] of the [[Middle Ages]]
* [[Lorenzo de Tonti]] (c. 1602 – c. 1684), banker. The inventor of the system of annuities, now known as the [[tontine]] (1653)
* [[Giuseppe Donati]] (1835–1925), musician. Inventor of the classical [[ocarina]]
* [[Giovanni Falcone]] (1939–1992), magistrate who was specialised in prosecuting ''[[Cosa Nostra]]'' criminals. His life story is quite similar to that of his closest friend [[Paolo Borsellino]]
* [[Rosina Ferrario]] (1888–1957), first Italian woman to receive a pilot's licence in January 1913
* [[Andrea Fogli]], product designer and interior designer
*[[Domingo Ghirardelli|Domenico Ghirardelli]] (1817 – 1894), chocolatier who was the founder of the Ghirardelli Chocolate Company in San Francisco, California.
* [[Jose Greco]] (1918–2000), dancer and choreographer. Popularized Spanish dance in the 1950s and '60s sometimes earning him the title "the world's greatest non-Spanish Spanish dancer".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19720316&id=9qU1AAAAIBAJ&pg=1434,6875239|title=Joe Torchia, The Palm Beach Post – Mar 16, 1972}}{{dead link|date=September 2021}}</ref> The Spanish government knighted him in 1962<ref>[http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/713910/Jose-Greco] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', 2014, José Greco.</ref>
* [[Johann Maria Farina]] (1685–1766), perfume designer and maker. Inventor of [[Eau de Cologne]] (1709)
* [[Sonia Gandhi]] (born 1946), Italian-born Indian politician and the president of the [[Indian National Congress]], widow of former Prime minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
* [[Ugolino della Gherardesca]] (c. 1220 – 1289), nobleman, whose death by starvation with his sons and grandsons is described by Dante in the ''[[Inferno (Dante)|Inferno]]'' (Canto XXXIII)
* [[John of Montecorvino]] (1246–1328), Franciscan and founder of the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] mission in China
* [[Lisa del Giocondo]] (1479–1542 or c. 1551), her name was given to ''[[Mona Lisa]]'', her [[portrait painting|portrait]] commissioned by her husband and painted by [[Leonardo da Vinci]] during the [[Italian Renaissance]]
* [[Vito Ippolito]] (born 1954), economist, President de la Federation Mondiale de Motocicismo
* [[Giovanni Paolo Lancelotti]] (1522–1590), jurist
* [[Enrico Mattei]] (1906–1962), public administrator
* [[Philip Mazzei]] (1730–1816), physician, merchant and author, ardent supporter of the [[American Revolution]], and correspondent of [[Thomas Jefferson]]
* [[Francesco Morosini]] (1619–1694), [[doge]] of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] (1688–94), of a family distinguished in Venice for five centuries
* [[Edgardo Mortara]] (1851–1940), priest, central figure in a controversy that arose when at the age of 6 he was forcibly taken from his Jewish parents because a domestic servant had baptized him
* [[Matteo Ricci]] (1552–1610), Italian Jesuit priest and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China Mission
* [[Cola di Rienzo]] (c. 1313 – 1354), popular leader who tried to restore the greatness of [[ancient Rome]]
* [[Sacco and Vanzetti]] case (1888–1927, 1891–1927), controversial murder trial in [[Massachusetts]], United States, extending over seven years, 1920–27, and resulting in the execution of the defendants
* [[Massimo Salvadori]] (1908–1992), historian
* [[Girolamo Savonarola]] (1452–1498), Christian preacher, reformer, and martyr, renowned for his clash with tyrannical rulers and a corrupt clergy
* [[Michela Schiff Giorgini]] (1923–1978), Egyptologist
* [[Maria Signorelli]] (1908–1992), puppet master and puppet collector from Rome
* [[Father Simpliciano of the Nativity]] (1827–1898), founder of the Congregation of the Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Hearts in [[Santa Balbina]]
* [[Emilia Telese]] (born 1973), audio and visual performing artist
* [[Augusto Odone]] (1933–2013, 1939–2000, 1978–2008), noted for the creation of [[Lorenzo's oil]] as a treatment to [[Adrenoleukodystrophy]] after his son, Lorenzo, was diagnosed with the rare and deadly disease.
* [[Luisa Marelli Valazza]] (born 1950), three-star Michelin chef
* [[Simonetta Vespucci]] (c. 1453 – 26 April 1476), nicknamed ''la bella Simonetta'', Italian Renaissance noblewoman from Genoa
* [[Antonio Zabelli]] (1742–1796), engraver
* [[Paola Zancani Montuoro]] (1901–1987), classical archaeologist
== See also ==
{{Portal|Biography|Italy|Lists}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[List of Italian Americans]]
* [[List of people by nationality]]
* [[List of Sardinians]]
* [[List of Sicilians]]
{{div col end}}
{{clear}}
== References ==
{{commons category|Italians}}
{{Italy topics}}
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Italians}}
[[Category:Lists of Italian people|*]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1820,4 +1820,5 @@
* [[John of Montecorvino]] (1246–1328), Franciscan and founder of the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] mission in China
* [[Lisa del Giocondo]] (1479–1542 or c. 1551), her name was given to ''[[Mona Lisa]]'', her [[portrait painting|portrait]] commissioned by her husband and painted by [[Leonardo da Vinci]] during the [[Italian Renaissance]]
+* [[Vito Ippolito]] (born 1954), economist, President de la Federation Mondiale de Motocicismo
* [[Giovanni Paolo Lancelotti]] (1522–1590), jurist
* [[Enrico Mattei]] (1906–1962), public administrator
' |
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0 => '* [[Vito Ippolito]] (born 1954), economist, President de la Federation Mondiale de Motocicismo'
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207 => 'https://books.google.com/books?ei=g1POTcWNOIbXsgaYle2ZBw&ct=result&id=cZ7rAAAAMAAJ&dq=',
208 => 'https://books.google.com/books?ei=nsvLTYr3Io2Sswbs2qmoAw&ct=result&id=bD5CAQAAIAAJ&dq=',
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216 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ8mdTjxungC&pg=',
217 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=To1FAAAAYAAJ&q=',
218 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=d7NBoT2pv5QC&q=Corsican+%22first+democratic+constitution%22%5D,&pg=PA86',
219 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=gw6yR6qZe5wC&pg=',
220 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=mGJRjIC9fZgC&pg=',
221 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=oJlBmGKWAUwC&pg=',
222 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=p89GAQAAIAAJ&q=',
223 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=pcIUAQAAIAAJ&q=',
224 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8YAAAAIAAJ&q=',
225 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=ySD9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=Corsican+%22first+democratic+constitution%22&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=jasgU4DjMMbYkQeoyoDoCA&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Corsican%20%22first%20democratic%20constitution%22&f=false',
226 => 'https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O760390/design-for-a-dellarca-leonardo/',
227 => 'https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19720316&id=9qU1AAAAIBAJ&pg=1434,6875239',
228 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100608141555/http://www.marconisociety.org/fellows/bios/federico_faggin.html',
229 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110719232722/http://www.rpo.co.uk/rpo_conductor.php?cid=11',
230 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120505204928/http://www.radiohof.org/pioneer/marconi.html',
231 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20141118162704/http://www.aas.org/head/rossi/rossi.obit.html',
232 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083106/http://www.pubs-newcomen.com/tfiles/(/75bp317-001s.pdf',
233 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180519120454/http://www.macchinedileonardo.com/index.php',
234 => 'https://www.academia.edu/1702608/Educational_Voices_in_Botanic_Garden_Histories_From_Luca_Ghini_to_Lilian_Clarke',
235 => 'https://www.donnemedico.org/wp-content/uploads/StoriaAIDM.pdf',
236 => 'https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/c-programma101.html',
237 => 'https://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/giunta_pisano.jsp',
238 => 'https://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/bernardine_of_siena_saint.jsp'
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<table class="box-Tone plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Tone" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>tone or style may not reflect the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic tone</a> used on Wikipedia</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> See Wikipedia's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">guide to writing better articles</a> for suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045330069">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italians</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/100px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/150px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/200px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_actresses" title="List of Italian actresses">Actresses</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_architects" title="List of Italian architects">Architects</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_billionaires" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italian billionaires">Billionaires</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_chefs" title="List of Italian chefs">Chefs and cooks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_comedians" title="List of Italian comedians">Comedians</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_composers" title="List of Italian composers">Composers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_designers" title="List of Italian designers">Designers</a></li>
<li class="mw-empty-elt"></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_explorers" title="List of Italian explorers">Explorers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_film_directors_from_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of film directors from Italy">Filmmakers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventors" title="List of Italian inventors">Inventors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_journalists" title="List of Italian journalists">Journalists</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_male_actors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italian male actors">Male actors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_painters" title="List of Italian painters">Painters</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian-language_poets" title="List of Italian-language poets">Poets</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italians#Politicians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italians">Politicians</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_scientists" title="List of Italian scientists">Scientists</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italians#Sportspeople" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italians">Sportspeople</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_writers" title="List of Italian writers">Writers</a></li></ul></td>
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<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italians">List of Italians</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Lists_of_Italians" title="Template:Lists of Italians"><abbr title="View this template" style=";text-decoration:inherit;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Lists_of_Italians" title="Template talk:Lists of Italians"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";text-decoration:inherit;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Lists_of_Italians&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";text-decoration:inherit;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p><p>This is a <b>list of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italians</a></b>, who are identified with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a> through residential, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">legal</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">historical</a>, or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">cultural means</a>, grouped by their area of notability.
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks">This is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">dynamic list</a> and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit">adding missing items</a> with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>.</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1044870489">@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .tocright{display:none}.mw-parser-output .tocright{width:100%!important}}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tocright{float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-none{clear:none}}</style><div class="tocright"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Acting"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Acting</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Actors"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Actors</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Actresses"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Actresses</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Architects"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Architects</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Ancient_Rome"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ancient Rome</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Middle_Ages"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Middle Ages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Humanism_and_the_Renaissance"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Humanism and the Renaissance</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Baroque"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Baroque</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Neoclassicism"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Neoclassicism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#The_1900s"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">The 1900s</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Chefs_and_gastronomists"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Chefs and gastronomists</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Craftsmen"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Craftsmen</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Engineers"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Engineers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Explorers"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Explorers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Fictional_characters"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Fictional characters</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Filmmakers"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Filmmakers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Illustrators"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Illustrators</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Military_and_political_figures"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Military and political figures</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Etruscan_civilization"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Etruscan civilization</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Ancient_Rome_2"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ancient Rome</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Roman_Catholic_Church"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Roman Catholic Church</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Renaissance"><span class="tocnumber">10.4</span> <span class="toctext">Renaissance</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Early_Modern_period_to_Unification"><span class="tocnumber">10.5</span> <span class="toctext">Early Modern period to Unification</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#1861_to_the_rise_of_Fascism"><span class="tocnumber">10.6</span> <span class="toctext">1861 to the rise of Fascism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Italian_Republic"><span class="tocnumber">10.7</span> <span class="toctext">Italian Republic</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Musicians"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Musicians</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Composers"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Composers</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#Middle_Ages_2"><span class="tocnumber">11.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Middle Ages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#Renaissance_2"><span class="tocnumber">11.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Renaissance</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Baroque_2"><span class="tocnumber">11.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Baroque</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Classical_period"><span class="tocnumber">11.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Classical period</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#Romantic"><span class="tocnumber">11.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Romantic</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#The_1900s_2"><span class="tocnumber">11.1.6</span> <span class="toctext">The 1900s</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Conductors"><span class="tocnumber">11.2</span> <span class="toctext">Conductors</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Singers"><span class="tocnumber">11.3</span> <span class="toctext">Singers</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Castrati_singers"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Castrati singers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Sopranos"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sopranos</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#Mezzo-sopranos"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Mezzo-sopranos</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="#Contraltos"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Contraltos</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#Tenors"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Tenors</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41"><a href="#Baritones"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Baritones</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-42"><a href="#Basses"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Basses</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Painters"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Painters</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Ancient_Rome_3"><span class="tocnumber">12.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ancient Rome</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Middle_Ages_3"><span class="tocnumber">12.2</span> <span class="toctext">Middle Ages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="#Renaissance_and_Mannerism"><span class="tocnumber">12.3</span> <span class="toctext">Renaissance and Mannerism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="#Baroque_and_Rococo"><span class="tocnumber">12.4</span> <span class="toctext">Baroque and Rococo</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="#The_1800s"><span class="tocnumber">12.5</span> <span class="toctext">The 1800s</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="#The_1900s_3"><span class="tocnumber">12.6</span> <span class="toctext">The 1900s</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><a href="#Photographers"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Photographers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="#Printers"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Printers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="#Printmakers"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Printmakers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53"><a href="#Saints"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Saints</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-54"><a href="#Scientists"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">Scientists</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55"><a href="#Sculptors"><span class="tocnumber">18</span> <span class="toctext">Sculptors</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-56"><a href="#Sport_people"><span class="tocnumber">19</span> <span class="toctext">Sport people</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="#Writers_and_philosophers"><span class="tocnumber">20</span> <span class="toctext">Writers and philosophers</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-58"><a href="#Ancient_and_Late_Antique"><span class="tocnumber">20.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ancient and Late Antique</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-59"><a href="#The_Middle_Ages"><span class="tocnumber">20.2</span> <span class="toctext">The Middle Ages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-60"><a href="#Humanism_and_the_Renaissance_2"><span class="tocnumber">20.3</span> <span class="toctext">Humanism and the Renaissance</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-61"><a href="#The_Baroque_period_and_the_Enlightenment"><span class="tocnumber">20.4</span> <span class="toctext">The Baroque period and the Enlightenment</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-62"><a href="#The_1800s_2"><span class="tocnumber">20.5</span> <span class="toctext">The 1800s</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-63"><a href="#The_1900s_4"><span class="tocnumber">20.6</span> <span class="toctext">The 1900s</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-64"><a href="#Other_notables"><span class="tocnumber">21</span> <span class="toctext">Other notables</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-65"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">22</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-66"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">23</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Acting">Acting</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Acting">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Actors">Actors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Actors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_actors" title="List of Italian actors">List of Italian actors</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberto_Benigni" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a> (born 1952), actor, comedian, screenwriter, director, known outside of Italy for directing and acting in the 1997 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tragicomedy" title="Tragicomedy">tragicomedy</a> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Life_is_Beautiful" class="mw-redirect" title="Life is Beautiful">Life is Beautiful</a></i>, for which he won the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/71st_Academy_Awards" title="71st Academy Awards">1999 Oscar</a> for Best Actor</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rossano_Brazzi" title="Rossano Brazzi">Rossano Brazzi</a> (1916–1994), actor. was propelled to international fame with his role in the English-language film <i>Three Coins in the Fountain</i> (1954), followed by the leading male role in David Lean's <i>Summertime</i> (1955), opposite Katharine Hepburn.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nino_Castelnuovo" title="Nino Castelnuovo">Nino Castelnuovo</a> (born 1936), actor. He is most famous for playing opposite Catherine Deneuve in the 1964 film Les Parapluies de Cherbourg <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Umbrellas_of_Cherbourg" title="The Umbrellas of Cherbourg">The Umbrellas of Cherbourg</a> and in Italy, for his lead performance in the popular 1967 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a> TV mini-series <a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Promessi_Sposi" class="mw-redirect" title="I Promessi Sposi">I Promessi Sposi</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tino_Caspanello" title="Tino Caspanello">Tino Caspanello</a> (born 1983), actor, playwright, director, and set designer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gino_Cervi" title="Gino Cervi">Gino Cervi</a> (1901–1974), actor and manager, known outside of Italy for his film portrayal of a small-town Communist mayor in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Camillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Camillo">Don Camillo</a> films</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eduardo_De_Filippo" title="Eduardo De Filippo">Eduardo De Filippo</a> (1900–1984), playwright and actor. In his scores of plays he combined pathos and farce</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (born 1943), playwright and actor</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manuel_De_Peppe" title="Manuel De Peppe">Manuel De Peppe</a> (born 1970) actor, singer, arranger, music producer, composer, pianist, arranger</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vittorio_Gassman" title="Vittorio Gassman">Vittorio Gassman</a> (1922–2000), film and theatre actor and director</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elio_Germano" title="Elio Germano">Elio Germano</a> (born 1980), actor who won the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Best_Actor_Award_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Actor Award (Cannes Film Festival)">Best Actor Award</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> in 2010</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giancarlo_Giannini" title="Giancarlo Giannini">Giancarlo Giannini</a> (born 1942), actor and dubber, known for his powerful leads in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lina_Wertm%C3%BCller" title="Lina Wertmüller">Lina Wertmüller</a> films, controversial tragicomedies that deal with sex and politics</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Terence_Hill" title="Terence Hill">Terence Hill</a> (born 1939), actor, who became famous for playing in Italian western movies (also called <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Westerns</a>) together with his friend and partner <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bud_Spencer" title="Bud Spencer">Bud Spencer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nino_Manfredi" title="Nino Manfredi">Nino Manfredi</a> (1921–2004), actor, one of the most prominent in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">commedia all'italiana</a></i> genre</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> (1924–1996), actor who became the preeminent leading man in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian cinema">Italian cinema</a> during the 1960s. He acted in more than 100 movies</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amedeo_Nazzari" title="Amedeo Nazzari">Amedeo Nazzari</a> (1907–1979), actor. He had a long and distinguished movie career, spanning four decades and including over 100 films</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberto_Sordi" title="Alberto Sordi">Alberto Sordi</a> (1920–2003), actor. Depicted the vices, virtues, and foibles of post-World War II Italy in a long career of mostly comic films and was regarded as a national icon</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ugo_Tognazzi" title="Ugo Tognazzi">Ugo Tognazzi</a> (1922–1990), film and theatre actor</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tot%C3%B2" title="Totò">Totò</a> (1898–1967) (Antonio de Curtis), actor. Likened by international film critics to the American film comic <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massimo_Troisi" title="Massimo Troisi">Massimo Troisi</a> (1953–1994), actor and director. Internationally, known for co-starring in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Il_Postino" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Postino">Il Postino</a></i> (1994)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino" title="Rudolph Valentino">Rudolph Valentino</a> (1895–1926), actor, who was idolized as the "Great Lover" of the 1920s</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Verdone" title="Carlo Verdone">Carlo Verdone</a> (born 1950), actor, screenwriter and film director, specialized in comedies</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gian_Maria_Volont%C3%A9" title="Gian Maria Volonté">Gian Maria Volonté</a> (1933–1994), actor. Known outside of Italy for his roles in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Fistful_of_Dollars" title="A Fistful of Dollars">A Fistful of Dollars</a></i> (1964) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/For_a_Few_Dollars_More" title="For a Few Dollars More">For a Few Dollars More</a></i> (1965)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stefano_Accorsi" title="Stefano Accorsi">Stefano Accorsi</a> (born 1971), actor, known for <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack_Frusciante_%C3%A8_uscito_dal_gruppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Frusciante è uscito dal gruppo">Jack Frusciante è uscito dal gruppo</a></i> (1995)</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Actresses">Actresses</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Actresses">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_actresses" title="List of Italian actresses">List of Italian actresses</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clara_Calamai" title="Clara Calamai">Clara Calamai</a> (1909–1998), actress. She is most remembered as the actress playing Carlo's mother, female lead in Luchino Visconti's <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ossessione" title="Ossessione">Ossessione</a></i> (1943)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudia_Cardinale" title="Claudia Cardinale">Claudia Cardinale</a> (born 1938), actress. Her films include <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/8%C2%BD" title="8½">8½</a></i> (1963) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_the_West" title="Once Upon a Time in the West">Once Upon a Time in the West</a></i> (1968)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eleonora_Duse" title="Eleonora Duse">Eleonora Duse</a> (1858–1924), the most fluent and expressive actress of her day, she was especially noted for her roles in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a>'s plays<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virna_Lisi" title="Virna Lisi">Virna Lisi</a> (1936–2014), one of the most famous Italian actresses. She has won <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Best_Actress_Award_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Actress Award (Cannes Film Festival)">Cannes</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="César Award">César</a> awards.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gina_Lollobrigida" title="Gina Lollobrigida">Gina Lollobrigida</a> (born 1927), actress. One of the first European <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sex_symbol" title="Sex symbol">sex symbols</a> to emerge from the rubble of World War II</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> (born 1934), actress. One of Italy's great 20th-century sex symbols</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anna_Magnani" title="Anna Magnani">Anna Magnani</a> (1908–1973), actress. In the United States, she was nominated twice for an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> for best actress, winning the Oscar in 1955 for her role in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Rose_Tattoo_(film)" title="The Rose Tattoo (film)">The Rose Tattoo</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silvana_Mangano" title="Silvana Mangano">Silvana Mangano</a> (1930–1989), actress, known for the critically acclaimed 1949 film, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bitter_Rice" title="Bitter Rice">Bitter Rice</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mariangela_Melato" title="Mariangela Melato">Mariangela Melato</a> (1941–2013), actress known for her work in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lina_Wertm%C3%BCller" title="Lina Wertmüller">Lina Wertmüller</a> movies</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandra_Milo" title="Sandra Milo">Sandra Milo</a> (born 1933), actress. Some of her more prestigious credits include <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Rossellini</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/General_della_Rovere" class="mw-redirect" title="General della Rovere">General della Rovere</a></i> (1959) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fellini" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellini">Fellini</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/8%C2%BD" title="8½">8½</a></i> (1963) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juliet_of_the_Spirits" title="Juliet of the Spirits">Juliet of the Spirits</a></i> (1965)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alida_Valli" title="Alida Valli">Alida Valli</a> (1921–2006), actress, had roles in more than 100 films. Internationally known for her turn as Anna Schmidt in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Third_Man" title="The Third Man">The Third Man</a></i> (1949)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monica_Vitti" title="Monica Vitti">Monica Vitti</a> (born 1931), actress. Awards: three <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nastro_d%27Argento" title="Nastro d'Argento">Nastro d'Argento</a> Awards, nine <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_di_Donatello" title="David di Donatello">David di Donatello</a> Awards, and four Italian Golden Grails</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monica_Bellucci" title="Monica Bellucci">Monica Bellucci</a> (born 30 September 1964), actress and fashion model</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asia_Argento" title="Asia Argento">Asia Argento</a> (born 20 September 1975), actress, singer, model, and director</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ornella_Muti" title="Ornella Muti">Ornella Muti</a> (born 9 March 1955), actress, she made her English-speaking film debut as Princess Aura in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flash_Gordon" title="Flash Gordon">Flash Gordon</a> in 1980. American movies she appeared in include <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oscar_(1991_film)" title="Oscar (1991 film)">Oscar</a></i> (1991) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Crime" title="Once Upon a Crime">Once Upon a Crime</a></i> (1992).</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Golino" title="Valeria Golino">Valeria Golino</a> (born 22 October 1966), film and television actress. Known to English language audiences for the 1988 film <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rain_Man" title="Rain Man">Rain Man</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hot_Shots!" title="Hot Shots!">Hot Shots!</a> films. She has won the David di Donatello, Silver Ribbon, and Coppa Volpi awards.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chiara_Caselli" title="Chiara Caselli">Chiara Caselli</a> (born 22 December 1967), actress</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Architects">Architects</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Architects">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_architects" title="List of Italian architects">List of Italian architects</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ancient_Rome">Ancient Rome</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancient Rome">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_architects" title="Category:Ancient Roman architects">Category:Ancient Roman architects</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cocceius_Auctus" title="Cocceius Auctus">Cocceius Auctus</a> (1st century BC and 1st century AD), Roman architect during the age of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> (27 BC – 14 AD)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyginus_Gromaticus" title="Hyginus Gromaticus">Hyginus Gromaticus</a> (1st and 2nd centuries AD), Roman surveyor under the reign of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> (98–117 AD)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucius_Vitruvius_Cordo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Vitruvius Cordo">Lucius Vitruvius Cordo</a>, Roman architect; known for his work <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arco_dei_Gavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Arco dei Gavi">Arco dei Gavi</a></i> (built in the 1st century AD)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rabirius_(architect)" title="Rabirius (architect)">Rabirius</a> (1st and 2nd centuries AD), Roman architect active during the reign of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a> (81–96 AD)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a> (late 1st century BC and early 1st century AD), Roman writer, architect and engineer noted for his book <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/De_architectura" title="De architectura">De architectura</a></i> (25 BC); one of the most influential works on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">architecture in history</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Middle Ages">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_architects" title="Category:Italian architects">Category:Italian architects</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guglielmo_Agnelli" title="Guglielmo Agnelli">Guglielmo Agnelli</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1238</span>–1313), sculptor and architect. He built the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Campanile" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanile">campanile</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Badia_a_Settimo" title="Badia a Settimo">Badia a Settimo</a>, near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Baseggio" title="Pietro Baseggio">Pietro Baseggio</a> (14th century), architect and sculptor. In 1361, he was named superintendent of construction for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doge%27s_Palace,_Venice" class="mw-redirect" title="Doge's Palace, Venice">Doge's palace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolomeo_Bon" title="Bartolomeo Bon">Bartolomeo Bon</a> (died after 1464), sculptor and architect. Among his works may be cited the famous <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ca%27_d%27Oro" title="Ca' d'Oro">Ca' d'Oro</a> (1424–1430) and the marble door of the church of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frari" class="mw-redirect" title="Frari">Frari</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bertolino_Bragerio" title="Bertolino Bragerio">Bertolino Bragerio</a> (active c. 1288), builder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cathedral_of_Cremona" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Cremona">cathedral of Cremona</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Celega" title="Jacopo Celega">Jacopo Celega</a> (d. before 30 March 1386), architect. Around 1330 he took over construction of the church of Frari</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diotisalvi" title="Diotisalvi">Diotisalvi</a> (12th century), architect. He is well known to be the original architect of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baptistry_of_Pisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptistry of Pisa">Baptistry of Pisa</a> (1152)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maginardo" title="Maginardo">Maginardo</a> (<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">fl.</a></i> 1006–1032), architect active in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diocese_of_Arezzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Arezzo">Diocese of Arezzo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_Maitani" title="Lorenzo Maitani">Lorenzo Maitani</a> (c. 1275 – 1330), architect and sculptor primarily responsible for the construction and decoration of the facade of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orvieto_Cathedral" title="Orvieto Cathedral">Orvieto Cathedral</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Humanism_and_the_Renaissance">Humanism and the Renaissance</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Humanism and the Renaissance">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti" title="Leon Battista Alberti">Leon Battista Alberti</a> (1404–1472), artist, architect and theoretician. In 1452, wrote <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/De_Re_Aedificatoria" class="mw-redirect" title="De Re Aedificatoria">De Re Aedificatoria</a></i>; was the first architectural treatise of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galeazzo_Alessi" title="Galeazzo Alessi">Galeazzo Alessi</a> (1512–1572), architect. His main works are the church <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_Assunta_di_Carignano" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria Assunta di Carignano">Santa Maria Assunta di Carignano</a> (1552), the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Marino_Palace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Palace (page does not exist)">Marino Palace</a> (started in 1557) and the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Parodi_Palace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parodi Palace (page does not exist)">Parodi Palace</a> (1567)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iacomo_Andrea" title="Iacomo Andrea">Iacomo Andrea</a> (died 1500)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_da_Sangallo_the_Elder" title="Antonio da Sangallo the Elder">Antonio da Sangallo the Elder</a> (c. 1453 – 1534), architect. He executed, under the influence of Bramante, the magnificent Church of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madonna_di_San_Biagio" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna di San Biagio">Madonna di San Biagio</a> (1518–consecrated 1529)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_da_Sangallo_the_Younger" title="Antonio da Sangallo the Younger">Antonio da Sangallo the Younger</a> (1484–1546), architect. He designed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Farnese" title="Palazzo Farnese">Palazzo Farnese</a> in Rome (1534–46); a fortresslike Florentine-style palace</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donato_Bramante" title="Donato Bramante">Donato Bramante</a> (1444–1514), architect. Under the patronage of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Julius_II" title="Pope Julius II">Pope Julius II</a>, he drew up the new <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> (begun 1506)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi" title="Filippo Brunelleschi">Filippo Brunelleschi</a> (1377–1446), architect. His major work is the dome of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence_Cathedral" title="Florence Cathedral">Florence Cathedral</a> (1420–36)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernardo_Buontalenti" title="Bernardo Buontalenti">Bernardo Buontalenti</a> (c. 1531 – 1608), architect, engineer, designer, painter and inventor. He was one of the great <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymaths</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_della_Porta" title="Giacomo della Porta">Giacomo della Porta</a> (c. 1533 – 1602), architect whose work represents the development in style from late <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a> to early <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Falconetto" title="Giovanni Maria Falconetto">Giovanni Maria Falconetto</a> (1468–1535), architect and painter. Examples of his work include the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walls_of_Padua#16th_century" title="Walls of Padua">Porta San Giovanni</a> (1528) and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walls_of_Padua#16th_century" title="Walls of Padua">Porta Savonarola</a> (1530), two gates to the city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filarete" title="Filarete">Filarete</a> (c. 1400 – c. 1469), architect, sculptor and writer. He wrote an important treatise, <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Libro_architettonico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libro architettonico (page does not exist)">Libro architettonico</a></i> (1464), defending the principles of ancient architecture</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Fontana" title="Domenico Fontana">Domenico Fontana</a> (1543–1607), architect who worked on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> and other famous buildings of Rome and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Barozzi_da_Vignola" title="Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola">Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola</a> (1507–1573), architect. His finest productions are the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_Farnese" title="Villa Farnese">Villa Farnese</a>, near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>, for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cardinal_Alessandro_Farnese" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Alessandro Farnese">Cardinal Alessandro Farnese</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_Giulia" title="Villa Giulia">Villa Giulia</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Julius_III" title="Pope Julius III">Pope Julius III</a> in Rome</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_di_Giorgio" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco di Giorgio">Francesco di Giorgio</a> (1439–1502), architect and theoretician. His <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Trattato_di_architettura,_ingegneria_e_arte_militare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trattato di architettura, ingegneria e arte militare (page does not exist)">Trattato di architettura, ingegneria e arte militare</a></i> (1482) is one of the most important documents of Renaissance architectural</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuliano_da_Maiano" title="Giuliano da Maiano">Giuliano da Maiano</a> (c. 1432 – 1490), architect; made an important contribution to spreading the Renaissance style to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuliano_da_Sangallo" title="Giuliano da Sangallo">Giuliano da Sangallo</a> (c. 1443 – 1516), sculptor, architect and military engineer; designed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_delle_Carceri" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria delle Carceri">Santa Maria delle Carceri</a> (1485) at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a> and palaces in Florence</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luciano_Laurana" title="Luciano Laurana">Luciano Laurana</a> (c. 1420 – 1479), principal designer of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Ducale,_Urbino" class="mw-redirect" title="Palazzo Ducale, Urbino">Palazzo Ducale</a> at Urbino and one of the main figures in 15th-century Italian architecture<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pirro_Ligorio" title="Pirro Ligorio">Pirro Ligorio</a> (c. 1510 – 1583), architect, painter, antiquarian and garden designer, known for his designs for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Casina_Pio_IV" title="Casina Pio IV">Casina of Pio IV</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a> and his gardens for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_d%27Este" title="Villa d'Este">Villa d'Este</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tivoli,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tivoli, Italy">Tivoli</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelozzo" title="Michelozzo">Michelozzo</a> (1396–1472), architect and sculptor; designed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Medici_Riccardi" title="Palazzo Medici Riccardi">Palazzo Medici Riccardi</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, which set the standard for Renaissance palace architecture in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> for the next century<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Palladio" title="Andrea Palladio">Andrea Palladio</a> (1508–1580), architect and theoretician. His treatise <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_quattro_libri_dell%E2%80%99architettura" class="mw-redirect" title="I quattro libri dell’architettura">I quattro libri dell’architettura</a></i> (1570) made him the most influential person in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">history of Western architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baldassare_Peruzzi" title="Baldassare Peruzzi">Baldassare Peruzzi</a> (1481–1536), architect and painter. His outstanding architectural works are the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_Farnesina" title="Villa Farnesina">Villa Farnesina</a> (1506–1510) and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Massimo_alle_Colonne" title="Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne">Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne</a> (1535) in Rome</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michele_Sanmicheli" title="Michele Sanmicheli">Michele Sanmicheli</a> (1484–1559), architect, especially noted for his original treatment of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortifications</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Sansovino" title="Jacopo Sansovino">Jacopo Sansovino</a> (1486–1570), sculptor and architect. His <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Library_of_St._Mark%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of St. Mark's">Library of St. Mark's</a> (begun 1537) is one of the major architectural works of the 16th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Scamozzi" title="Vincenzo Scamozzi">Vincenzo Scamozzi</a> (1552–1616), architect and theoretician, author of one of the most comprehensive <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> treatises, the six-volume <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=L%E2%80%99Idea_dell%E2%80%99Architettura_Universale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L’Idea dell’Architettura Universale (page does not exist)">L’Idea dell’Architettura Universale</a></i> (1615)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sebastiano_Serlio" title="Sebastiano Serlio">Sebastiano Serlio</a> (1475–1554), architect and theoretician. He is remembered primarily for his treatise <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tutte_l%27opere_d%27architettura_et_prospetiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutte l'opere d'architettura et prospetiva">Tutte l'opere d'architettura et prospetiva</a></i> (eight books, 1537–75)</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Baroque">Baroque</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Baroque">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Borromini" title="Francesco Borromini">Francesco Borromini</a> (1599–1667), architect. His buildings include the churches of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Carlo_alle_Quattro_Fontane" title="San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane">San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane</a> (1638–1641) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sant%27Ivo_alla_Sapienza" title="Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza">Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza</a> (1642–1660)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cosimo_Fanzago" title="Cosimo Fanzago">Cosimo Fanzago</a> (1591–1678), architect and sculptor. He became the most important exponent of Baroque architecture in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Fontana" title="Carlo Fontana">Carlo Fontana</a> (1634/1638–1714), architect. His accomplished academic style influenced important architects, such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Gibbs" title="James Gibbs">James Gibbs</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johann_Bernhard_Fischer_von_Erlach" title="Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach">Fischer von Erlach</a> and the German baroque architects</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosario_Gagliardi" title="Rosario Gagliardi">Rosario Gagliardi</a> (1698–1762), architect. He was one of the leading architects working in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sicilian_Baroque" title="Sicilian Baroque">Sicilian Baroque</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guarino_Guarini" title="Guarino Guarini">Guarino Guarini</a> (1624–1683), architect. He was one of the first to analyze with perceptivity the structure of medieval architecture, in his treatise <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Architettura_Civile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Architettura Civile (page does not exist)">Architettura Civile</a></i> (published posthumously in 1737)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filippo_Juvarra" title="Filippo Juvarra">Filippo Juvarra</a> (1678–1736), architect, draughtsman and designer. He was arguably the most gifted architect of his time in Italy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baldassarre_Longhena" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldassarre Longhena">Baldassarre Longhena</a> (1598–1682), architect. His masterpiece was the Church of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Salute" title="Santa Maria della Salute">Santa Maria della Salute</a> (1631–1687) at the entrance to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Venice)" title="Grand Canal (Venice)">Grand Canal</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Carlo Maderno</a> (1556–1629), architect. His works reflect the transition from early to high baroque. From 1603, directed the construction of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_da_Cortona" title="Pietro da Cortona">Pietro da Cortona</a> (1596–1669), architect, painter and decorator. His architectural accomplishment include the Church of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santi_Luca_e_Martina" title="Santi Luca e Martina">Santi Luca e Martina</a> in Rome (1634)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Rainaldi" title="Carlo Rainaldi">Carlo Rainaldi</a> (1611–1691), architect. His masterpiece was the Church of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Campitelli" title="Santa Maria in Campitelli">Santa Maria in Campitelli</a> (1663–67)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> (1700–1771), architect who defined the high baroque style in Russia under the reigns of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anna_of_Russia" title="Anna of Russia">Anna</a> (1730–1740) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Petrovna" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Petrovna">Elizabeth Petrovna</a> (1741–1762)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicola_Salvi" title="Nicola Salvi">Nicola Salvi</a> (1697–1751), architect whose late Roman Baroque masterpiece is the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trevi_Fountain" title="Trevi Fountain">Trevi Fountain</a> in Rome</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Vaccarini" title="Giovanni Battista Vaccarini">Giovanni Battista Vaccarini</a> (1702–1768), architect, worked in the Sicilian Baroque style</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Vanvitelli" title="Luigi Vanvitelli">Luigi Vanvitelli</a> (1700–1773), architect. His masterpiece was the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palace_of_Caserta" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Caserta">Palace of Caserta</a> (1752–74)</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Neoclassicism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicola_Bettoli" title="Nicola Bettoli">Nicola Bettoli</a> (1780–1854), architect, known as the designer of the Neoclassicist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teatro_Regio_(Parma)" title="Teatro Regio (Parma)">Teatro Regio</a> of that city, for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Duches Marie Louise</a> (1821)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Cagnola" title="Luigi Cagnola">Luigi Cagnola</a> (1762–1833), architect, whose work influenced later generations of Italian architects</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Canina" title="Luigi Canina">Luigi Canina</a> (1795–1856), archaeologist and architect. He was important as a protagonist of archaeologically correct Neoclassicism in Rome</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Corazzi" title="Antonio Corazzi">Antonio Corazzi</a> (1792–1877), architect. He designed a number of imposing public buildings in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, the capital of Poland</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Galilei" title="Alessandro Galilei">Alessandro Galilei</a> (1691–1737), architect. He designed the façades of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basilica_of_St._John_Lateran" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of St. John Lateran">Basilica of St. John Lateran</a> (1733–35) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Giovanni_dei_Fiorentini" title="San Giovanni dei Fiorentini">San Giovanni dei Fiorentini</a> (1734)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Leoni" title="Giacomo Leoni">Giacomo Leoni</a> (1686–1746), architect, he spent most of his life in England. It is arguable that he was more influenced by than influencing British architecture</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Venanzio_Marvuglia" title="Giuseppe Venanzio Marvuglia">Giuseppe Venanzio Marvuglia</a> (1729–1814), architect. His most extraordinary building is La Favorita (<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pavilion" title="Pavilion">Casina</a> Cinese</i> 1799–1802)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Piranesi" title="Giovanni Battista Piranesi">Giovanni Battista Piranesi</a> (1720–1778), engraver and architect, known for his grandiose architectural constructions</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Quarenghi" title="Giacomo Quarenghi">Giacomo Quarenghi</a> (1744–1817), architect and painter, known as the builder of numerous works in Russia during and immediately after the reign of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catherine_II_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine II the Great">Catherine II the Great</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Rossi_(architect)" title="Carlo Rossi (architect)">Carlo Rossi</a> (1775–1849), architect, who worked the major portion of his life in Russia</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Sabatini" title="Francesco Sabatini">Francesco Sabatini</a> (1722–1797), architect, who worked in Spain</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faustino_Trebbi" title="Faustino Trebbi">Faustino Trebbi</a> (1761–1836), architect and ornamental painter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Valadier" title="Giuseppe Valadier">Giuseppe Valadier</a> (1762–1839), architect, urban planner, designer and writer. He was one of the most important exponents of international Neoclassicism in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">central Italy</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_1900s">The 1900s</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The 1900s">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Albini" title="Franco Albini">Franco Albini</a> (1905–1977), architect, urban planner and designer. His work was various and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eclecticism" title="Eclecticism">eclectic</a>, and reflected the independence of Italian designs from the tyrannies of Modernist orthodoxy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Aymonino" title="Carlo Aymonino">Carlo Aymonino</a> (1926–2010), architect. He received award Honorary Fellow from the American Institute of Architect in 2000. Between his works, we find: Palazzo di Giustizia (1977) and the IMA project (<i>Progetto IMA</i>, 1982) in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Colosso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colosso (page does not exist)">Colosso</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (1982–1984)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ernesto_Basile" title="Ernesto Basile">Ernesto Basile</a> (1857–1932), architect, teacher and designer. An exponent of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernism</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Bellini" title="Mario Bellini">Mario Bellini</a> (born 1935), architect and designer. He won eight times <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compasso_d%27Oro" title="Compasso d'Oro">Compasso d'Oro</a> and the Gold Medal of Civic Merit of the city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stefano_Boeri" title="Stefano Boeri">Stefano Boeri</a> (born 1956), architect and editor, founder of the research group "Multiplicity", former aditor-in-chief of the magazines "Abitare" and "Domus". Boeri has recently been appointed to the 2015 Milan Expo urban consultancy in charge of developing the guidelines for the urban transformations to be implemented within the frame of the international event.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Achille_Castiglioni" title="Achille Castiglioni">Achille Castiglioni</a> (1918–2002), architect and designer. He won the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compasso_d%27Oro" title="Compasso d'Oro">Compasso d'Oro</a>, Italy's top prize for industrial design, nine times</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giancarlo_De_Carlo" title="Giancarlo De Carlo">Giancarlo De Carlo</a> (1919–2005), architect, member of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_International_d%27Architecture_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne">CIAM</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Team_10" title="Team 10">Team 10</a>. Known for his works at the Free <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Urbino" title="University of Urbino">University of Urbino</a> (1973–9 and later)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ignazio_Gardella" title="Ignazio Gardella">Ignazio Gardella</a> (1905–1999), architect, designer, race car driver and aircraft. He received numeros awards, including: the National Award for Architecture <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Olivetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivetti">Olivetti</a> (1955), the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Gold_Medal_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_to_the_Merit_of_the_School_of_Culture_and_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gold Medal of the President of the Republic to the Merit of the School of Culture and Art (page does not exist)">Gold Medal of the President of the Republic to the Merit of the School of Culture and Art</a> (1977), the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golden_Lion" title="Golden Lion">Golden Lion</a> Lifetime Achievement at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venice_Biennale" title="Venice Biennale">Venice Biennale</a> (1966), the titles of honorary member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/RIBA" class="mw-redirect" title="RIBA">RIBA</a> (Royal Institute of British Architects)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vittorio_Gregotti" title="Vittorio Gregotti">Vittorio Gregotti</a> (1927–2020), architect, designer and writer.. Between his work, we find: Cultural Center Bélem, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> (1998) and Sede Pirelli Sede Pirelli RE <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bicocca_(district_of_Milan)" title="Bicocca (district of Milan)">Bicocca</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> (1985)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adalberto_Libera" title="Adalberto Libera">Adalberto Libera</a> (1903–1963), architect. One of the most representative architects of the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Italian_Modern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian Modern (page does not exist)">Italian Modern</a> movement</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Mendini" title="Alessandro Mendini">Alessandro Mendini</a> (1931–2019), designer and architect. His work is represented in museums and private collections all over the world. He won the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compasso_d%27Oro" title="Compasso d'Oro">Compasso d'Oro</a> (1979 and 1982)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Michelucci" title="Giovanni Michelucci">Giovanni Michelucci</a> (1891–1990), architect, urban planner and engraver. A key figure in the progress and advancement of contemporary Italian architecture during the 20th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Mollino" title="Carlo Mollino">Carlo Mollino</a> (1905–1973), architect, designer, race car driver and aircraft. Rinnovation of most famous work are: the Chamber of Commerce building and the new Royal Theatre in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Moretti" title="Luigi Moretti">Luigi Moretti</a> (1907–1973), architect. One of the most important Italian architects of the 20th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Muzio" title="Giovanni Muzio">Giovanni Muzio</a> (1893–1982), architect. He was the most influential member of the group of Italian architects associated with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Novecento_Italiano" title="Novecento Italiano">Novecento Italiano</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcello_Piacentini" title="Marcello Piacentini">Marcello Piacentini</a> (1881–1960), architect and urban theorist most closely associated with Italy's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">fascist</a> government</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano">Renzo Piano</a> (born 1937), architect, known for his design (with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Rogers" title="Richard Rogers">Richard Rogers</a>) for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Georges Pompidou">Centre Georges Pompidou</a> (1971–1977) in Paris awarded by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pritzker_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritzker Prize">Pritzker Prize</a> especially for the technology</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gi%C3%B2_Ponti" class="mw-redirect" title="Giò Ponti">Giò Ponti</a> (1891–1979), architect and designer associated with the development of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modern architecture</a> and modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a> in Italy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Portoghesi" title="Paolo Portoghesi">Paolo Portoghesi</a> (born 1931), architect and architectural historian. He became known as the creator of the original and significant <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Casa_Baldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casa Baldi (page does not exist)">Casa Baldi</a> (1959) on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Via_Flaminia" title="Via Flaminia">Via Flaminia</a>, north of Rome</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldo_Rossi" title="Aldo Rossi">Aldo Rossi</a> (1931–1997), architect and theoretician. His book <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Architecture_of_the_City" title="The Architecture of the City">The Architecture of the City</a></i> (1966) is a classic of modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Architectural_theory" title="Architectural theory">architectural theory</a>. He was awarded the 1990 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pritzker_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritzker Prize">Pritzker Prize</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Samon%C3%A0" title="Giuseppe Samonà">Giuseppe Samonà</a> (1898–1983), architect and urban planner. One of the most important Italian architects of the 20th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Sant%27Elia" title="Antonio Sant'Elia">Antonio Sant'Elia</a> (1888–1916), architect. Associated with the movement known as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a>; known for his visionary drawings of the city of the future</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Scarpa" title="Carlo Scarpa">Carlo Scarpa</a> (1906–1978), architect. Among his works may be cited the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ca%27_Foscari" title="Ca' Foscari">Palazzo Foscari</a> (1935–1956) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Castelvecchio_Museum" title="Castelvecchio Museum">Castelvecchio Museum</a> (1956–1964)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ettore_Sottsass" title="Ettore Sottsass">Ettore Sottsass</a> (1917–2007), architect and designer. He is internationally known as one of the initiators of the renewal of design and architecture<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manfredo_Tafuri" title="Manfredo Tafuri">Manfredo Tafuri</a> (1935–1994), architect, art historian and theorist. Known for his critical essays for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oppositions" title="Oppositions">Oppositions</a> magazine (1970), published under the guidance of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Eisenman" title="Peter Eisenman">Peter Eisenman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Terragni" title="Giuseppe Terragni">Giuseppe Terragni</a> (1904–1943), architect. He was primarily associated with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rationalism_(architecture)" title="Rationalism (architecture)">Rationalism</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gruppo_7" title="Gruppo 7">Gruppo 7</a>. His <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Casa_del_Fascio_(Como)" title="Casa del Fascio (Como)">Casa del Fascio</a> (1932–6) is regarded as his finest work</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Chefs_and_gastronomists">Chefs and gastronomists</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Chefs and gastronomists">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_chefs" title="List of Italian chefs">List of Italian chefs</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martino_da_Como" title="Martino da Como">Martino da Como</a> (c. 1430–late 15th century), "Prince of cooks", considered the western world's first celebrity chef. His book <i>Libro de Arte Coquinaria</i> (1465) was a benchmark for Italian cuisine and laid the ground for European gastronomic tradition</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pellegrino_Artusi" title="Pellegrino Artusi">Pellegrino Artusi</a> (1820–1911) writer and gastronomist, credited with establishing a truly national <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian cuisine</a>. His <i>La scienza in cucina e l'arte di mangiare bene</i> (1891) was the first gastronomic treatise comprising all regions of united Italy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Petrini" title="Carlo Petrini">Carlo Petrini</a> (born 1949), politician, writer and gastronomist. Taking part in a campaign against the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> chain and a busy daily routine, he founded the worldwide influential <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Slow_Food" title="Slow Food">Slow Food</a> movement in 1986.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Craftsmen">Craftsmen</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Craftsmen">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cesare_Antonio_Accius" title="Cesare Antonio Accius">Cesare Antonio Accius</a> (fl.1609), engraver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pagolo_Arsago" title="Pagolo Arsago">Pagolo Arsago</a> (died 1563), goldsmith</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sebastiano_Bianchi" title="Sebastiano Bianchi">Sebastiano Bianchi</a> (fl.1580), engraver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_della_Via" title="Alessandro della Via">Alessandro della Via</a> (fl.1730), engraver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baldassare_Gabbugiani" title="Baldassare Gabbugiani">Baldassare Gabbugiani</a> (fl.1755), engraver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolommeo_Tutiani" title="Bartolommeo Tutiani">Bartolommeo Tutiani</a> (fl. 1515), engraver</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Engineers">Engineers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Engineers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_engineers" title="Category:Italian engineers">Category:Italian engineers</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a> (288–212 BC), mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Developed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archimedes_principle" class="mw-redirect" title="Archimedes principle">Archimedes principle</a> and invented the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archimedes_screw" class="mw-redirect" title="Archimedes screw">Archimedes screw</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_Bernardi" title="Enrico Bernardi">Enrico Bernardi</a> (1841–1919), engineer and one of Italian automobile pioneers. Inventor of the "Pia Engine", the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">petrol engine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Branca" title="Giovanni Branca">Giovanni Branca</a> (1571–1645), engineer and architect who provided the first known description of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbine</a> (1629)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matteo_Campani-Alimenis" title="Matteo Campani-Alimenis">Matteo Campani-Alimenis</a> (1620–1678), engineer, mechanician and natural philosopher. Inventor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Magic_lantern" title="Magic lantern">Magic lantern</a> (1678)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secondo_Campini" title="Secondo Campini">Secondo Campini</a> (1904–1980), engineer, one of the pioneers of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jet_engine" title="Jet engine">jet engine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Capra" title="Alessandro Capra">Alessandro Capra</a> (born 1620, date of death unknown), engineer and mathematician. Inventor of the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Speedometer" title="Speedometer">speedometer</a> for coaches (1678)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Caproni" title="Giovanni Battista Caproni">Giovanni Battista Caproni</a> (1886–1957), aeronautical engineer, civil engineer, electrical engineer, and aircraft designer who founded an aircraft-manufacturing company bearing his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caproni" title="Caproni">name</a> (1908)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgio_Carta_(engineer)" title="Giorgio Carta (engineer)">Giorgio Carta</a>, bioengineer, professor of chemical engineering</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Castoldi" title="Mario Castoldi">Mario Castoldi</a> (1888–1968), aeronautical engineer who designed the renown <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macchi_MC.200" class="mw-redirect" title="Macchi MC.200">Macchi MC.200</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macchi_MC.202" class="mw-redirect" title="Macchi MC.202">Macchi MC.202</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macchi_MC.205" class="mw-redirect" title="Macchi MC.205">Macchi MC.205</a> World War II Italian fighter airplanes</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernard_Castro" title="Bernard Castro">Bernard Castro</a> (1904–1991), industrial engineer. Inventor of the modern convertible <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Couch" title="Couch">couch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ettore_Bugatti" title="Ettore Bugatti">Ettore Bugatti</a> (1881–1947), automobile engineer, entrepreneur, designer and inventor, founded the legendary automaker company <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bugatti" title="Bugatti">Bugatti</a> (1909)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonardo_Chiariglione" title="Leonardo Chiariglione">Leonardo Chiariglione</a> (born 1943), electrical engineer, inventor and co-founder of the Moving Pictures Experts Group (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a>). He led a team that set the universal standards for digital audio and video, such as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mpeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpeg">mpeg</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mp3" class="mw-redirect" title="Mp3">mp3</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldo_Costa" title="Aldo Costa">Aldo Costa</a> (born 1961), engineer and the Engineering Director. He is considered one of the most successful <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> designers.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Negrelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Luigi Negrelli">Luigi Negrelli</a> (1799–1858), civil and hydraulic engineer; designed several bridges and railways in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> and well beyond, known for planning and designing the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Artini" title="Maria Artini">Maria Artini</a> (1894–1951), first female university graduate in electrical engineering in Italy (1918)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corradino_D%27Ascanio" title="Corradino D'Ascanio">Corradino D'Ascanio</a> (1891–1981), aeronautical engineer. Inventor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Motor_scooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor scooter">motor scooter</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vespa" title="Vespa">Vespa</a> in 1946)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Emanueli" title="Luigi Emanueli">Luigi Emanueli</a> (1883–1959), engineer. Inventor of oil-filled cable (1924)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_Allievi" title="Lorenzo Allievi">Lorenzo Allievi</a> (1856–1941), hydraulic engineer, best known for his studies on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Water_hammer" title="Water hammer">water hammer</a> problem</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federico_Faggin" title="Federico Faggin">Federico Faggin</a> (born 1941), physicist, engineer, credited with developing the Self Aligned MOS Silicon Gate Technology, co-invented and designed the world's first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Intel_4004" title="Intel 4004">Intel 4004</a> (1970–1971)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_Forlanini" title="Enrico Forlanini">Enrico Forlanini</a> (1848–1930), engineer and aeronautical pioneer. Inventor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a> (1877) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">hydrofoil</a> (1900)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Lana_de_Terzi" title="Francesco Lana de Terzi">Francesco Lana de Terzi</a> (1631–1687), Jesuit, mathematician, and naturalist. Called the father of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aeronautics" title="Aeronautics">aeronautics</a> for his pioneering efforts</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> (1452–1519), artist, engineer, and scientist. Perhaps no one in history achieved so much in so many different fields<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Luppis" title="Giovanni Luppis">Giovanni Luppis</a> (1813–1875), engineer and officer, co-inventor with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Whitehead" title="Robert Whitehead">Robert Whitehead</a>, of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedo</a> (1860)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgina_Mad%C3%ACa" title="Giorgina Madìa">Giorgina Madìa</a> (1904–1942), physicist and electrical engineer, specializing in electrical communications, and a member of the Italian resistance during World War II</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Felice_Matteucci" title="Felice Matteucci">Felice Matteucci</a> (1808–1887), hydraulic engineer, co-inventor with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugenio_Barsanti" title="Eugenio Barsanti">Eugenio Barsanti</a>, of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engine</a> (1854)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a> (1808–1889), chemical and mechanical engineer. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Invention_of_the_telephone" title="Invention of the telephone">Inventor of the telephone</a> (1871)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riccardo_Morandi" title="Riccardo Morandi">Riccardo Morandi</a> (1902–1989), engineer. He designed the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ponte_Vespucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ponte Vespucci (page does not exist)">Ponte Vespucci</a> in Florence, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/General_Rafael_Urdaneta_Bridge" title="General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge">General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge</a> in Venezuela, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ponte_Morandi" title="Ponte Morandi">Ponte Morandi</a> in Genoa, and the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Salone_dell%27Automobile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salone dell'Automobile (page does not exist)">Salone dell'Automobile</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi" title="Pier Luigi Nervi">Pier Luigi Nervi</a> (1891–1979) engineer, specialized in civil. He collaborated with international architects, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a> e <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Louis Kahn</a>. His most famous work: <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Aula_delle_Udienze_Pontificie_in_Vaticano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aula delle Udienze Pontificie in Vaticano (page does not exist)">Aula delle Udienze Pontificie in Vaticano</a>, known as <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Aula_Nervi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aula Nervi (page does not exist)">Aula Nervi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Camillo_Olivetti" title="Camillo Olivetti">Camillo Olivetti</a> (1868–1943), electrical engineer, founder of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Olivetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivetti">Olivetti</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pier_Giorgio_Perotto" title="Pier Giorgio Perotto">Pier Giorgio Perotto</a> (1930–2002), electrical engineer and inventor, working for Olivetti he designed and built one of the world"s first electronic <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Programmable_calculator" title="Programmable calculator">programmable calculators</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Programma_101" title="Programma 101">Programma 101</a>, launched at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1964_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1964 New York World's Fair">1964 New York World's Fair</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Piatti" title="Giovanni Battista Piatti">Giovanni Battista Piatti</a> (1812–1867), civil engineer. Inventor of the pneumatic rock-drilling machine</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ignazio_Porro" title="Ignazio Porro">Ignazio Porro</a> (1801–1875), engineer and optician, invented <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Porro_prism" title="Porro prism">Porro prism</a> binocular (1875)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adele_Racheli" title="Adele Racheli">Adele Racheli</a> (born 1894), engineer, co-founder of Milan patent protection office (1925).</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agostino_Ramelli" title="Agostino Ramelli">Agostino Ramelli</a> (1531–1600), engineer, invented the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hydraulic_motor" title="Hydraulic motor">hydraulic motor</a> (1588)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raffaele_Rossetti" title="Raffaele Rossetti">Raffaele Rossetti</a> (1881–1951), engineer and military naval officer, creator of the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_torpedo" title="Human torpedo">human torpedo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germain_Sommeiller" title="Germain Sommeiller">Germain Sommeiller</a> (1815–1871), civil engineer. He directed the construction of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus_Rail_Tunnel" title="Fréjus Rail Tunnel">Fréjus Rail Tunnel</a> between France and Italy; introduced the first industrial <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pneumatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumatic">pneumatic</a> drill for tunnel digging</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emma_Strada" title="Emma Strada">Emma Strada</a> (1884–1970), first woman to obtain a civil engineering degree from the Polytechnic of Turin</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juanelo_Turriano" title="Juanelo Turriano">Juanelo Turriano</a> (c. 1500 – 1585), clockmaker, engineer and mathematician. He built the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artificio_de_Juanelo" title="Artificio de Juanelo">Artificio de Juanelo</a></i></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Explorers">Explorers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Explorers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_explorers" title="List of Italian explorers">List of Italian explorers</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Noli" title="António de Noli">António de Noli</a> (1415/1419–c. 1497), explorer for Portugal. Was the first European to arrive in some of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> islands in 1460</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Belzoni" title="Giovanni Battista Belzoni">Giovanni Battista Belzoni</a> (1778–1823), explorer, engineer, and amateur archaeologist, often regarded as one of the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Egyptologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptologist">Egyptologists</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">John Cabot</a> (Giovanni Caboto) (c. 1450 – c. 1499), explorer for England. In the summer of 1497, he crossed the Atlantic and was the first European to arrive in the <i>mainland</i> of North America</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sebastian_Cabot_(explorer)" title="Sebastian Cabot (explorer)">Sebastian Cabot</a> (Sebastiano Caboto) (c. 1476 – 1557), cartographer and explorer for England and Spain, he explored the Río de la Plata, the Paraná River and was the person European to arrive in the lower section of the Paraguay River.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> (Cristoforo Colombo) (1451–1506), explorer for Spain. Born in Genua. In Italian language "Cristoforo Colombo". Sailed in 1492 and was the first European to arrive in the "New World" of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henri_de_Tonti" title="Henri de Tonti">Henri de Tonti</a> (1649/1650–1704), explorer for France. Founded the first European settlement in the lower <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River Valley</a> in 1686<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_da_Pian_del_Carpine" title="Giovanni da Pian del Carpine">Giovanni da Pian del Carpine</a> (c. 1180 – 1252), Franciscan friar, first noteworthy European traveller in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_da_Verrazzano" title="Giovanni da Verrazzano">Giovanni da Verrazzano</a> (1485–1528), explorer for France. First European to sight <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Narragansett_Bay" title="Narragansett Bay">Narragansett bays</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Malaspina" class="mw-redirect" title="Alessandro Malaspina">Alessandro Malaspina</a> (1754–1810), nobleman who spent most of his life as a Spanish naval officer and explorer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umberto_Nobile" title="Umberto Nobile">Umberto Nobile</a> (1885–1978), engineer and Arctic explorer. The first man to fly over the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Pigafetta" title="Antonio Pigafetta">Antonio Pigafetta</a> (c. 1491 – c. 1534), navigator and writer who accompanied <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Magellan</a> in the first expedition of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation">circumnavigation of the world</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> (c. 1254 – 1324), explorer and merchant, famous for his travels in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">central Asia</a> and China</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierre_Savorgnan_de_Brazza" title="Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza">Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza</a> (1852–1905), explorer for France. Famous for having added an area three times the size of France to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French empire</a> in Africa</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci_(explorer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerigo Vespucci (explorer)">Amerigo Vespucci</a> (1454–1512), explorer. Was the first European to arrive at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amazon_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon river">Amazon river</a> in South America. The name for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> is derived from his given name</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romolo_Gessi" title="Romolo Gessi">Romolo Gessi</a> (1831–1881) explorer and soldier. He led numerous expeditions for the British in Africa, especially <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nile_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile River">Nile River</a>, freeing 30,000 slaves from bondage</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Fictional_characters">Fictional characters</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fictional characters">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Fictional_Italian_people" title="Category:Fictional Italian people">Category:Fictional Italian people</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brighella" title="Brighella">Brighella</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Camillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Camillo">Don Camillo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ray_Barone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Barone">Ray Barone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juliet_Capulet" class="mw-redirect" title="Juliet Capulet">Juliet Capulet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Columbina" title="Columbina">Columbina</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corleone_family" title="Corleone family">Corleone family</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carmine_Falcone" title="Carmine Falcone">Carmine Falcone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvatore_Maroni" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvatore Maroni">Salvatore Maroni</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucius_Vorenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Vorenus">Lucius Vorenus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Titus_Pullo" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Pullo">Titus Pullo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ezio_Auditore_da_Firenze" title="Ezio Auditore da Firenze">Ezio Auditore da Firenze</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Il_Dottore" title="Il Dottore">Il Dottore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ugo_Fantozzi" title="Ugo Fantozzi">Ugo Fantozzi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victor_Frankenstein" title="Victor Frankenstein">Victor Frankenstein</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Falcone_(DC_Comics)" title="Mario Falcone (DC Comics)">Mario Falcone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianduja_(commedia_dell%27arte)" title="Gianduja (commedia dell'arte)">Gianduja</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Soprano" title="Tony Soprano">Tony Soprano</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi" title="Luigi">Luigi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario" title="Mario">Mario</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romeo_Montague" class="mw-redirect" title="Romeo Montague">Romeo Montague</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvo_Montalbano" title="Salvo Montalbano">Salvo Montalbano</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pantalone" title="Pantalone">Pantalone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pedrolino" title="Pedrolino">Pedrolino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pinocchio" title="Pinocchio">Pinocchio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pulcinella" title="Pulcinella">Pulcinella</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scaramouche" title="Scaramouche">Scaramouche</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trivelino" title="Trivelino">Trivelino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Verdeschi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Verdeschi">Tony Verdeschi</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Filmmakers">Filmmakers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Filmmakers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_film_directors_from_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of film directors from Italy">List of film directors from Italy</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filoteo_Alberini" title="Filoteo Alberini">Filoteo Alberini</a> (1865–1937), film director, one of the pioneers of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Film" title="Film">cinema</a>; devised the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wide_screen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wide screen">wide screen</a> movies (1914)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianni_Amelio" title="Gianni Amelio">Gianni Amelio</a> (born 1945), film director. He achieved international fame with <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Stolen_Children" title="The Stolen Children">The Stolen Children</a></i> (winner of the Grand Jury Prize at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1992 Cannes Film Festival">1992 Cannes Film Festival</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1912–2007), film director. His most successful motion pictures internationally were <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/L%27avventura" class="mw-redirect" title="L'avventura">L'avventura</a></i> (1960) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blow-up" class="mw-redirect" title="Blow-up">Blow-up</a></i> (1966)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dario_Argento" title="Dario Argento">Dario Argento</a> (born 1940), film director, producer and screenwriter. Films include <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Bird_with_the_Crystal_Plumage" title="The Bird with the Crystal Plumage">The Bird with the Crystal Plumage</a></i> (1970), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep_Red" title="Deep Red">Deep Red</a></i> (1975) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suspiria" title="Suspiria">Suspiria</a></i> (1977)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pupi_Avati" title="Pupi Avati">Pupi Avati</a> (born 1938), film director, producer and screenwriter. Some of his most successful films were <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impiegati" class="mw-redirect" title="Impiegati">Impiegati</a></i> (1985), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christmas_Present_(film)" title="Christmas Present (film)">Christmas Present</a></i> (1986) and <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Minute_(Avati)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Last Minute (Avati) (page does not exist)">The Last Minute</a></i> (1987)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marco_Bellocchio" title="Marco Bellocchio">Marco Bellocchio</a> (born 1939), film director, screenwriter and actor. Known for his debut film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fists_in_the_Pocket" title="Fists in the Pocket">Fists in the Pocket</a></i> (1965)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberto_Benigni" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a> (born 1952), film director and actor. One of the most popular comics of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian cinema">Italian cinema</a>; in 1997 he wrote, directed and starred in the international hit <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Life_is_Beautiful" class="mw-redirect" title="Life is Beautiful">Life is Beautiful</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1940–2018), film director and screenwriter. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Last_Tango_in_Paris" title="Last Tango in Paris">Last Tango in Paris</a></i> (1972) brought him international fame</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Blasetti" title="Alessandro Blasetti">Alessandro Blasetti</a> (1900 – 1987), film director and screenwriter was one of the leading figures in Italian cinema during the Fascist era. He is sometimes known as the "father of Italian cinema" because of his role in reviving the struggling industry in the late 1920s. Blasetti influenced Italian neorealism with the film <i>Quattro passi fra le nuvole</i>.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Comencini" title="Luigi Comencini">Luigi Comencini</a> (1916–2007), film director. Leading figure in Italian cinema; known for his film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bread,_Love_and_Dreams" title="Bread, Love and Dreams">Bread, Love and Dreams</a></i> (1953)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_De_Santis" title="Giuseppe De Santis">Giuseppe De Santis</a> (1917–1997), film director; known for his direction of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bitter_Rice" title="Bitter Rice">Bitter Rice</a></i> (1949), considered the first successful Neorealist film</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vittorio_De_Seta" title="Vittorio De Seta">Vittorio De Seta</a> (1923–2011), film director. He made nine such short documentaries over the decade and in 1960 made his feature film directorial debut with the acclaimed <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Banditi_a_Orgosolo" title="Banditi a Orgosolo">Banditi a Orgosolo</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> (1901–1974), film director and actor. His <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shoeshine_(film)" title="Shoeshine (film)">Shoeshine</a></i> (1946), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Bicycle_Thief" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bicycle Thief">The Bicycle Thief</a></i> (1948), and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umberto_D." title="Umberto D.">Umberto D.</a></i> (1952) are classics of postwar Italian neorealism<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ruggero_Deodato" title="Ruggero Deodato">Ruggero Deodato</a> (born 1939), film director, actor and screenwriter. Creator of one of the most infamous splatter films of all time, 1979's neo-realist Amazonian nightmare <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cannibal_Holocaust" title="Cannibal Holocaust">Cannibal Holocaust</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1920–1993), film director. Won <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Oscars</a> for <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Strada" title="La Strada">La Strada</a></i> (1954), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Le_Notti_di_Cabiria" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Notti di Cabiria">Le Notti di Cabiria</a></i> (1957), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/8_1/2" class="mw-redirect" title="8 1/2">8 1/2</a></i> (1963) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amarcord" title="Amarcord">Amarcord</a></i> (1973); one of the 20th century's most influential movie <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">directors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marco_Ferreri" title="Marco Ferreri">Marco Ferreri</a> (1928–1997), film director. known film is <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Grande_Bouffe" title="La Grande Bouffe">La Grande Bouffe</a></i> (1973).</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucio_Fulci" title="Lucio Fulci">Lucio Fulci</a> (1927–1996), film director, screenwriter and actor, known for his directorial work on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">gore</a> films, including <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zombi_2" title="Zombi 2">Zombi 2</a></i> (1979) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Beyond_(film)" title="The Beyond (film)">The Beyond</a></i> (1981).</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matteo_Garrone" title="Matteo Garrone">Matteo Garrone</a> (born 1968), film director; known for his film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gomorrah_(film)" title="Gomorrah (film)">Gomorrah</a></i> (2008)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Germi" title="Pietro Germi">Pietro Germi</a> (1914–1974), film director and actor. The film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Divorce_Italian_Style" title="Divorce Italian Style">Divorce Italian Style</a></i> (1961) was a huge worldwide box-office hit which earned him an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Oscar</a> for best screenplay</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberto_Lattuada" title="Alberto Lattuada">Alberto Lattuada</a> (1914–2005), film director. Was a major figure in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian cinema">Italian cinema</a> of the period after World War II. Known for co-directing with Fellini on his first film, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Variety_Lights" title="Variety Lights">Variety Lights</a></i> (1950)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a> (1929–1989), film director. He is mostly associated with the "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a>" genre, especially the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dollar_trilogy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollar trilogy">dollar trilogy</a>; one of the most influential <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">directors</a> of his generation</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Monicelli" title="Mario Monicelli">Mario Monicelli</a> (1915–2010), film director. One of the masters of the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commedia_all%27Italiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Commedia all'Italiana">Commedia all'Italiana</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nanni_Moretti" title="Nanni Moretti">Nanni Moretti</a> (born 1953), film director. He is known for his films <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caro_diario" title="Caro diario">Caro diario</a></i> (1993) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Son%27s_Room" title="The Son's Room">The Son's Room</a></i> (2001)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ermanno_Olmi" title="Ermanno Olmi">Ermanno Olmi</a> (1931–2018), film director; known for his internationally successful <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Tree_of_Wooden_Clogs" title="The Tree of Wooden Clogs">The Tree of Wooden Clogs</a></i> (1978)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferzan_%C3%96zpetek" title="Ferzan Özpetek">Ferzan Özpetek</a> (born 1959), film director and screenwriter. Film include <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Ignorant_Fairies" title="The Ignorant Fairies">The Ignorant Fairies</a></i> (2001) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Facing_Windows" title="Facing Windows">Facing Windows</a></i> (2003)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a> (1922–1975), film director and writer. His films include <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mamma_Roma" title="Mamma Roma">Mamma Roma</a></i> (1962), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_St._Matthew_(film)" title="The Gospel According to St. Matthew (film)">The Gospel According to St. Matthew</a></i> (1964), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(1967_film)" title="Oedipus Rex (1967 film)">Oedipus Rex</a></i> (1967) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teorema_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teorema (film)">Teorema</a></i> (1968)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Pastrone" title="Giovanni Pastrone">Giovanni Pastrone</a> (1883–1959), film director and producer. He conceived a colossal film designed to revolutionize movie-making, a goal he realized with <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabiria" title="Cabiria">Cabiria</a></i> (1914)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elio_Petri" title="Elio Petri">Elio Petri</a> (1929–1982), film director and screenwriter. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Investigation_of_a_Citizen_Above_Suspicion" title="Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion">Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion</a></i> (1970), is generally considered his masterpiece</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gillo_Pontecorvo" title="Gillo Pontecorvo">Gillo Pontecorvo</a> (1919–2006), film director; known for authoring <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Battle_of_Algiers" title="The Battle of Algiers">The Battle of Algiers</a></i> (1966)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Rosi" title="Francesco Rosi">Francesco Rosi</a> (1922–2015), film director; known for his masterpiece <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvatore_Giuliano_(film)" title="Salvatore Giuliano (film)">Salvatore Giuliano</a></i> (1962)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a> (1906–1977), film director. His films <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rome,_Open_City" title="Rome, Open City">Rome, Open City</a></i> (1945) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pais%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Paisà">Paisà</a></i> (1946) focussed international attention on the Italian Neorealist movement in films<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gabriele_Salvatores" title="Gabriele Salvatores">Gabriele Salvatores</a> (born 1950), film director and screenwriter; known for his film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mediterraneo" title="Mediterraneo">Mediterraneo</a></i> (1991)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (born 1942), film director known for directing films such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goodfellas" title="Goodfellas">Goodfellas</a> (1990) and various other gangster films.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michele_Soavi" title="Michele Soavi">Michele Soavi</a> (born 1957), film director; known for his film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cemetery_Man" title="Cemetery Man">Cemetery Man</a></i> (1994)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silvio_Soldini" title="Silvio Soldini">Silvio Soldini</a> (born 1958), film director, known films we find <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bread_and_Tulips" title="Bread and Tulips">Bread and Tulips</a></i> (1999) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agata_e_la_tempesta" class="mw-redirect" title="Agata e la tempesta">Agata e la tempesta</a></i> (2004)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino" title="Paolo Sorrentino">Paolo Sorrentino</a> (born 1970), film director and screenwriter. He is known for his film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Consequences_of_Love" title="The Consequences of Love">The Consequences of Love</a></i> (2004)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_and_Vittorio_Taviani" title="Paolo and Vittorio Taviani">Paolo and Vittorio Taviani</a> (born 1931, 1929–2018), have directed together several successful movies. Among those are: <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Padre_Padrone" title="Padre Padrone">Padre Padrone</a></i> (1977), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Night_of_the_Shooting_Stars" title="The Night of the Shooting Stars">The Night of the Shooting Stars</a></i> (1982) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kaos_(film)" title="Kaos (film)">Kaos</a></i> (1984)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Tornatore" title="Giuseppe Tornatore">Giuseppe Tornatore</a> (born 1956), film director, known for his masterpiece <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cinema_Paradiso" title="Cinema Paradiso">Cinema Paradiso</a></i> (1988)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> (1906–1976), film and theatre director; called the father of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">neorealism</a> for his early films <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ossessione" title="Ossessione">Ossessione</a></i> (1943) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_terra_trema" class="mw-redirect" title="La terra trema">La terra trema</a></i> (1948)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lina_Wertm%C3%BCller" title="Lina Wertmüller">Lina Wertmüller</a> (born 1928), film director. She achieved international fame with <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Seduction_of_Mimi" title="The Seduction of Mimi">The Seduction of Mimi</a></i> (1972), a satire on sexual hypocrisy, and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Love_and_Anarchy" title="Love and Anarchy">Love and Anarchy</a></i> (1973)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> (1923–2019), film director. Among his major films are three <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> adaptations: <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Taming_of_the_Shrew_(1967_film)" title="The Taming of the Shrew (1967 film)">The Taming of the Shrew</a></i> (1967), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet_(1968_film)" title="Romeo and Juliet (1968 film)">Romeo and Juliet</a></i> (1968) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hamlet_(1990_film)" title="Hamlet (1990 film)">Hamlet</a></i> (1990)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valerio_Zurlini" title="Valerio Zurlini">Valerio Zurlini</a> (1926–1982), film director, stage director and screenwriter. He is well known for his internationally successful <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Estate_Violenta" title="Estate Violenta">Estate Violenta</a></i> (1959)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Illustrators">Illustrators</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Illustrators">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_illustrators" title="Category:Italian illustrators">Category:Italian illustrators</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonetto_Cappiello" title="Leonetto Cappiello">Leonetto Cappiello</a> (1875–1942), poster art designer. He has been called the father of modern advertising<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adolfo_de_Carolis" title="Adolfo de Carolis">Adolfo de Carolis</a> (1874–1928), painter, illustrator and wood-engraver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Onofrio_Catacchio" title="Onofrio Catacchio">Onofrio Catacchio</a> (born 1964), cartoonist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Max_Crivello" title="Max Crivello">Max Crivello</a> (born 1958), illustrator and cartoonist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gabriele_Dell%27Otto" title="Gabriele Dell'Otto">Gabriele Dell'Otto</a> (born 1973), illustrator and author whose works have been published around the world</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Donatelli" title="Franco Donatelli">Franco Donatelli</a> (1924–1995), comic artist and illustrator</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virginio_Livraghi" title="Virginio Livraghi">Virginio Livraghi</a>, comic strip illustrator</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_Mazzanti" title="Enrico Mazzanti">Enrico Mazzanti</a> (1850–1910), engineer and cartoonist, who illustrated the first edition of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Pinocchio" title="The Adventures of Pinocchio">Pinocchio</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolomeo_Pinelli" title="Bartolomeo Pinelli">Bartolomeo Pinelli</a> (1781–1835), illustrator and engraver. He illustrated in his figures the costumes of the Italian peoples, the great epic poems and numerous other subjects</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Zacch%C3%A8" title="Maria Zacchè">Maria Zacchè</a> (born 1933), illustrator</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Military_and_political_figures">Military and political figures</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Military and political figures">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Etruscan_civilization">Etruscan civilization</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Etruscan civilization">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Etruscan_kings" title="Category:Etruscan kings">Category:Etruscan kings</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezentius" title="Mezentius">Mezentius</a>, legendary Etruscan king who reigned at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caere" title="Caere">Caere</a> and fought against <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lars_Porsena" title="Lars Porsena">Lars Porsena</a> (6th century BC), legendary Etruscan king, alleged to have besieged Rome in a vain attempt to reinstate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus" title="Lucius Tarquinius Superbus">Lucius Tarquinius Superbus</a> on the throne</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lars_Tolumnius" title="Lars Tolumnius">Lars Tolumnius</a> (died 428 BC), the most famous king of the wealthy Etruscan city-state of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Veii" title="Veii">Veii</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ancient_Rome_2">Ancient Rome</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ancient Rome">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Roman_Emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman Emperors">List of Roman Emperors</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Roman_dictators" title="List of Roman dictators">List of Roman dictators</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Roman_generals" title="List of Roman generals">List of Roman generals</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Roman_consuls" title="List of Roman consuls">List of Roman consuls</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scipio_Aemilianus" title="Scipio Aemilianus">Scipio Aemilianus</a> (185 BC–129 BC), Roman general famed both for his exploits during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_Punic_War" title="Third Punic War">Third Punic War</a> (149–146 BC) and for his subjugation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Numantine_War" title="Numantine War">Spain</a> (134–133 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a> (31 August 12–24 January 41 AD) was Roman emperor from 37 to 41 AD. Was widely considered to be one of Rome's most cruelest and sadistic emperors ever to rule</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Aemilius_Lepidus_(triumvir)" title="Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)">Marcus Aemilius Lepidus</a> (c. 89 or 88 BC–late 13 or early 12 BC), Roman statesman, one of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Triumvirate" title="Second Triumvirate">triumvirs</a> who ruled Rome after 43 BC</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucius_Aemilius_Paullus_Macedonicus" title="Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus">Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus</a> (c. 229 BC–160 BC), Roman general whose victory over the Macedonians at Pydna ended the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_Macedonian_War" title="Third Macedonian War">Third Macedonian War</a> (171–168 BC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scipio_Africanus" title="Scipio Africanus">Scipio Africanus</a> (235 BC–183 BC), Roman general, known for defeating <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a> in the final <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Zama" title="Battle of Zama">battle of Zama</a>. One of the great military minds of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History" title="History">all times</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> (15 December 37–9 June 68 AD) The last emperor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Julio-Claudian Dynasty">Julio-Claudian Dynasty</a> and is believed to be responsible for the burning of Rome</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a> (83 BC–30 BC), Roman politician and general</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romulus_and_Remus" title="Romulus and Remus">Romulus and Remus</a> (c. mid to late 8th century BC), Romulus was the first king of the Roman Kingdom</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Atilius_Regulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Atilius Regulus">Marcus Atilius Regulus</a> (<i>fl.</i> 3rd century BC), Roman general and statesman</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> (63 BC–AD 14), first and among the most important of the Roman Emperors. One of the great administrative geniuses of history<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a> (121–180), Roman emperor, has symbolized for many generations in the West the Golden Age of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Brutus" title="Lucius Junius Brutus">Lucius Junius Brutus</a> (545 BC–509 BC), Roman consul, traditional founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Junius_Brutus" title="Marcus Junius Brutus">Marcus Junius Brutus</a> (85 BC–42 BC), Roman politician, leader of the conspirators who assassinated Julius Caesar (44 BC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> (100 BC–44 BC), Roman statesman and general, famous for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">conquest of Gaul</a>. A figure of genius and audacity equaled by few in history<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Furius_Camillus" title="Marcus Furius Camillus">Marcus Furius Camillus</a> (c. 446 BC–365 BC), Roman soldier and statesman</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catiline" title="Catiline">Catiline</a> (108 BC–62 BC), Roman politician</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> (16 November 42 BC–16 March 37 AD), second Roman emperor, succeeding Augustus</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cato_the_Elder" title="Cato the Elder">Cato the Elder</a> (234 BC–149 BC), Roman statesman, orator and the first Latin prose writer of importance<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cato_the_Younger" title="Cato the Younger">Cato the Younger</a> (95 BC–46 BC), Roman politician and statesman in the late <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> (106 BC–43 BC), Roman statesman, scholar, writer and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orator" title="Orator">orator</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cincinnatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnatus">Cincinnatus</a> (519 BC–438 BC), Roman politician</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Appius_Claudius_Caecus" title="Appius Claudius Caecus">Appius Claudius Caecus</a> (<i>fl.</i> 3rd century BC), outstanding statesman, legal expert, and author of early Rome<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Claudius_Marcellus" title="Marcus Claudius Marcellus">Marcus Claudius Marcellus</a> (c. 268 BC–208 BC), Roman general who captured <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(214%E2%80%93212_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Syracuse (214–212 BC)">Syracuse</a> during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a> (218–201)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Publius_Clodius_Pulcher" title="Publius Clodius Pulcher">Publius Clodius Pulcher</a> (c. 93 BC–52 BC), disruptive politician, head of a band of political thugs, and bitter enemy of Cicero in late republican Rome</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucius_Cornelius_Scipio_Barbatus" title="Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus">Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus</a> (?–c. 280 BC), consul in 298 BC. He defeated the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Volaterrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Volaterrae">Volaterrae</a> and afterwards fought against the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucius_Cornelius_Sulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Cornelius Sulla">Lucius Cornelius Sulla</a> (c. 138 BC–78 BC), Roman general and statesman</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manius_Curius_Dentatus" title="Manius Curius Dentatus">Manius Curius Dentatus</a> (?–270 BC), Roman general. As consul led the Romans to victory over the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samnite_Wars" title="Samnite Wars">Samnites</a> and defeated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Epirus" title="Pyrrhus of Epirus">Pyrrhus of Epirus</a> near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Beneventum_(275_BC)" title="Battle of Beneventum (275 BC)">Beneventum</a> (275 BC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaius_Duilius" title="Gaius Duilius">Gaius Duilius</a> (<i>fl.</i> 3rd century BC), Roman commander who won a major naval victory over the Carthaginians during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First Punic War</a> (264–241 BC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> (15 BC–AD 19), Roman general who avenged the defeat sustained by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Publius_Quinctilius_Varus" title="Publius Quinctilius Varus">Varus</a> (AD 9), defeating <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arminius" title="Arminius">Arminius</a> at Idistaviso on the Weser (AD 16)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaius_Gracchus" title="Gaius Gracchus">Gaius Gracchus</a> (154 BC–121 BC), Roman politician</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Licinius_Crassus" title="Marcus Licinius Crassus">Marcus Licinius Crassus</a> (c. 115 BC–53 BC), Roman general and politician</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucullus" title="Lucullus">Lucullus</a> (c. 117 BC–57/56 BC), Roman general who fought <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mithradates_VI_Eupator" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithradates VI Eupator">Mithradates VI Eupator</a> of Pontus from 74 to 66 BC<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaius_Maecenas" title="Gaius Maecenas">Gaius Maecenas</a> (70 BC–8 BC), Roman diplomat, counsellor to the Roman emperor Augustus</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaius_Marius" title="Gaius Marius">Gaius Marius</a> (157 BC–86 BC), Roman general and politician</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Maximus_Verrucosus" title="Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus">Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus</a> (c. 280 BC–203 BC), Roman politician and general, famous for having invented the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> (method of combat in 217 BC)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucius_Aemilius_Paullus_Macedonicus" title="Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus">Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus</a> (c. 229 BC–160 BC), Roman general whose victory over the Macedonians at Pydna ended the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_Macedonian_War" title="Third Macedonian War">Third Macedonian War</a> (171–168 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> (16 BC–AD 36), Roman politician, famous primarily as a crucial character in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> account of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> (86–161), Roman emperor, mild-mannered and capable, he was the fourth of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Five_Good_Emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Good Emperors">five good emperors</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> (106 BC–48 BC), Roman military and political leader of the late <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus" title="Lucius Tarquinius Superbus">Lucius Tarquinius Superbus</a> (535 BC-509 BC), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">King of Rome</a> famed for his resistance against the people trying to found the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> (53–117), Emperor who presided over the greatest expansion in Roman history. He was born in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italica" title="Italica">Italica</a>, a colony of <i>Italian</i> settlers in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>, and his family was from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Titus_Quinctius_Flamininus" title="Titus Quinctius Flamininus">Titus Quinctius Flamininus</a> (c. 229 BC–174 BC), Roman general and statesman who established the Roman hegemony over Greece<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quintus_Sertorius" title="Quintus Sertorius">Quintus Sertorius</a> (c. 126 BC–73 BC), one of the most able Roman generals, who displayed a particular genius for leading armies of irregulars<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa</a> (63 BC–12 BC), Roman statesman and general; he was long honored by the Roman military as the inventor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harpax" title="Harpax">Harpax</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaius_Ofonius_Tigellinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Ofonius Tigellinus">Gaius Ofonius Tigellinus</a> (c. 10–69), prefect of the Roman Imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, from 62 until 68, during the reign of Emperor Nero.</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Roman_Catholic_Church">Roman Catholic Church</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Roman Catholic Church">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Cardinals_(Catholic_Church)" title="Category:Cardinals (Catholic Church)">Category:Cardinals (Catholic Church)</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_bishops" title="Category:Roman Catholic bishops">Category:Roman Catholic bishops</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_popes" title="Category:Italian popes">Category:Italian popes</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Adrian_I" title="Pope Adrian I">Pope Adrian I</a> (c. 700–795), pope from 772 to 795; his pontificate was unequalled in length by that of any successor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a> until a thousand years later</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Pope Agapetus I</a> (?–536), of noble birth, he was an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archdeacon" title="Archdeacon">archdeacon</a> at the time of his election (13 May 535)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Pope Alexander III</a> (c. 1100/1105–1181), Pope from 1159 to 1181. He is remembered for the long-standing dispute with the Holy Roman Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a> (337 or 340–397), bishop of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>; one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christianity_in_the_4th_century" title="Christianity in the 4th century">4th century</a>; he was also the teacher of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Augustine">Saint Augustine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a> (?–604), Benedictine monk and the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>. He is considered the "Apostle to the English" and a founder of the English Church</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Benedict of Nursia">Benedict of Nursia</a> (c. 480 – c. 547), father of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christian_monasticism#Early_Christianity" title="Christian monasticism">Western monasticism</a>; the rule that he established became the norm for monastic living throughout Europe<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Benedict_V" title="Pope Benedict V">Pope Benedict V</a> (?–966), pope, or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antipope" title="Antipope">antipope</a>, from 22 May 964, to 23 June 964, when he was deposed</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a> (c. 1235 – 1303), issued in 1302, the famous bull <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unam_sanctam" title="Unam sanctam">Unam sanctam</a></i> (pushing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Papal_supremacy" title="Papal supremacy">papal supremacy</a> to its historical extreme)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Pope Celestine I</a> (?–432), pope from 422 to 432</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Pope Celestine V</a> (1215–1296), pope from 5 July to 13 December 1294, the first pontiff to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Papal_resignation" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal resignation">abdicate</a>. He founded the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Celestines" title="Celestines">Celestine order</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a> (c. 1007 – 1072), cardinal and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a>. He was an original leader and a forceful figure in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregorian_Reform" title="Gregorian Reform">Gregorian Reform</a> movement</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a> (c. 540–604), founder" of the medieval papacy, which exercised both secular and spiritual power;<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> he is considered one of the great <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Church_Fathers#Latin_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Latin Fathers</a> of the Church</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Pope Gregory II</a> (669–731), greatly encouraged the Christianizing of Germany by SS; the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donation_of_Sutri" title="Donation of Sutri">Donation of Sutri</a> (728) is considered the constitutive act of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Pope Gregory VII</a> (c. 1015/1028–1085), one of the great reforming popes; known for the part he played in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Gualbert" title="John Gualbert">John Gualbert</a> (985 or 995–1073), Roman Catholic saint. The founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vallumbrosan_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallumbrosan Order">Vallumbrosan Order</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Honorius_I" title="Pope Honorius I">Pope Honorius I</a> (?–638), pope from 625 to 638 whose posthumous condemnation as a heretic subsequently caused extensive controversy on the question of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">papal infallibility</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Honorius_III" title="Pope Honorius III">Pope Honorius III</a> (?–1227), often considered one of the great administrators in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Papal_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal history">papal history</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> (1160–1216), during his reign, the papacy was at the height of its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Universal_power" title="Universal power">powers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_John_II" title="Pope John II">Pope John II</a> (?–535), pope from 533 to 535. He was the first pontiff to change his original name, which he considered <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan">pagan</a>, assuming the name of the martyred <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_John_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John I">Saint John I</a> (523–526)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_John_VIII" title="Pope John VIII">Pope John VIII</a> (?–?), often considered one of the ablest pontiffs of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_popes#9th_century" title="List of popes">9th century</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_John_XIX" title="Pope John XIX">Pope John XIX</a> (?–1032), pope from 1024 to 1032</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Pope Leo I</a> (c. 400–461), pope from 440 to 461, master exponent of papal supremacy<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Pope Leo III</a> (750–816), known for crowning <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> as the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Liberius" title="Pope Liberius">Pope Liberius</a> (?–366), pope from 352 to 366</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matilda_of_Tuscany" title="Matilda of Tuscany">Matilda of Tuscany</a> (1046–1115), noblewoman. She was a strong supporter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Papacy">papacy</a> during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a> (c. 800–867), pope from 858 to 867, master theorist of papal power, considered to have been the most forceful of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Early_medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Early medieval">early medieval</a> pontiffs<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paulinus_of_Nola" title="Paulinus of Nola">Paulinus of Nola</a> (353–431), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nola" title="Nola">Nola</a> and one of the most important Christian Latin poets of his time. He is also the inventor of church <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bell_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell (instrument)">bells</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romuald" title="Romuald">Romuald</a> (c. 950–1025/1027), Christian ascetic who founded the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldolese</a> Benedictines (Hermits)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Pope Sergius I</a> (?–701), pope from 687 to 701, one of the most important <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_popes#7th_century" title="List of popes">7th-century pontiffs</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Stephen_II" title="Pope Stephen II">Pope Stephen II</a> (715–757), pope from 752 to 757. He severed ties with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and thus became the first temporal sovereign of the newly founded Papal States<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Pope Sylvester I</a> (?–335), one of the most illustrious popes of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_popes#4th_century" title="List of popes">his age</a>; after his death, became a major figure of legend</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Pope Symmachus</a> (?–514), pope from 498 to 514</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rainerius_Saccho" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainerius Saccho">Rainerius Saccho</a>, 13th century Inquisitor</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Renaissance">Renaissance</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Renaissance">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_of_Medici" title="House of Medici">House of Medici</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_de%27_Medici,_Duke_of_Florence" title="Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence">Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence</a> (1510–1537), the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duke_of_Florence" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Florence">duke of Florence</a> (1532–37)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a> (1519–1589), Queen of France</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cosimo_de%27_Medici" title="Cosimo de' Medici">Cosimo de' Medici</a> (1389–1464), founder of the Medici political dynasty</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cosimo_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a> (1519–1574), second duke of Florence (1537–74) and first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">grand duke of Tuscany</a> (1569–74)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferdinando_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a> (1549–1609), grand duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a> (1541–1587), second grand duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 to 1587</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_di_Bicci_de%27_Medici" title="Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici">Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici</a> (1360–1429), restored the family fortune and made the Medici family the wealthiest in Europe</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_de%27_Medici" title="Lorenzo de' Medici">Lorenzo de' Medici</a> (1449–1492), leader of Florence during the Golden Age of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>; patron of arts and letters, the most brilliant of the Medici</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a> (1575–1642), Queen and Regent of France who was a harsh opponent of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> in France</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvestro_de%27_Medici" title="Salvestro de' Medici">Salvestro de' Medici</a> (1331–1388), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gonfaloniere_of_Justice" title="Gonfaloniere of Justice">Gonfaloniere</a> and Provost of the city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a> (Giulio de' Medici) (1478–1534), pope from 1523 to 1534; it was Pope Clement who excommunicated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII of England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a> (Giovanni de' Medici) (1475–1521), a Cardinal-Deacon from the age of 13</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Leo_XI" title="Pope Leo XI">Pope Leo XI</a> (Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici) (1535–1605), pope from 1–27 April 1605<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup></li></ul>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_condottieri" title="List of condottieri">List of condottieri</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cesare_Borgia" title="Cesare Borgia">Cesare Borgia</a> (1475/1476–1507), Spanish-Italian <i>condottiero</i>, nobleman, politician, and cardinal. Powerful lord, and a leading figure in the politics of his era</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolomeo_Colleoni" title="Bartolomeo Colleoni">Bartolomeo Colleoni</a> (1400–1475), <i>condottiere</i>, at various times in Venetian and Milanese service and from 1454 general in chief of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> for life</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Doria" title="Andrea Doria">Andrea Doria</a> (1466–1560), <i>condottiere</i>, and admiral who was the foremost naval leader of his time<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Erasmo_of_Narni" title="Erasmo of Narni">Erasmo of Narni</a> (1370–1443, known as Gattamelata), who served Florence, Venice and the pope before becoming dictator of Padua</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> (1194–1250), King of Sicily and promoter of Sicilian culture and political power; expanded domain into much of Italy<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federico_da_Montefeltro" title="Federico da Montefeltro">Federico da Montefeltro</a> (1422–1482), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duke_of_Urbino" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Urbino">lord of Urbino</a> from 1444 (as Duke from 1474) until his death. He is widely regarded as one of the most successful <i>condottieri</i> of his time</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_dalle_Bande_Nere" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni dalle Bande Nere">Giovanni dalle Bande Nere</a> (1498–1526), the most noted soldier of all the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_of_Medici" title="House of Medici">Medici</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sigismondo_Pandolfo_Malatesta" title="Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta">Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta</a> (1417–1468), <i>condottiero</i> and nobleman. He was widely considered by his contemporaries as one of the most daring military leaders in Italy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Piccinino" title="Niccolò Piccinino">Niccolò Piccinino</a> (1386–1444), soldier of fortune who played an important role in the 15th-century wars of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Visconti_of_Milan" title="Visconti of Milan">Visconti of Milan</a> against <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Florence</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_I_Sforza" title="Francesco I Sforza">Francesco I Sforza</a> (1401–1466), <i>condottiere</i> who played a crucial role in 15th-century Italian politics</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muzio_Sforza" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzio Sforza">Muzio Sforza</a> (1369–1424), soldier of fortune who played an important role in the wars of his period and whose son Francesco became duke of Milan</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gian_Giacomo_Trivulzio" title="Gian Giacomo Trivulzio">Gian Giacomo Trivulzio</a> (1440/1441–1518), aristocrat and <i>condottiero</i> who served as a military captain under <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galeazzo_Maria_Sforza" title="Galeazzo Maria Sforza">Galeazzo</a>, later became the grand <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marshal_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal of France">Marshal of France</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_Modern_period_to_Unification">Early Modern period to Unification</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Early Modern period to Unification">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Italy_(1559%E2%80%931814)" title="History of Italy (1559–1814)">History of Italy (1559–1814)</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy</a> (1562–1630), skilled soldier and shrewd politician. He was nicknamed <i>Testa d'feu</i> ("Head of Fire") for his rashness and military attitudes</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelangelo_Alessandro_Colli-Marchi" title="Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi">Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi</a> (1738–1808), general in the service of the Austrian army</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Achille_Fontanelli" title="Achille Fontanelli">Achille Fontanelli</a> (1755–1838), Minister of War and general of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy">Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franziska_Scanagatta" title="Franziska Scanagatta">Franziska Scanagatta</a> (1776–1864), military officer who served the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torquato_Conti" title="Torquato Conti">Torquato Conti</a> (1591–1636), military commander who served as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Generalfeldmarschall" title="Generalfeldmarschall">General-Field Marshal</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugene_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene of Savoy">Eugene of Savoy</a> (1663–1736), general in the service of the Austrian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holy_Roman_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Roman emperor">Holy Roman emperor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma</a> (1545–1592), revitalized Spanish rule in the southern provinces of the Netherlands (modern Belgium and Luxembourg)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pasquale_Paoli" title="Pasquale Paoli">Pasquale Paoli</a> (1725–1807), statesman and general, hailed as the father of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>. He wrote and promulgated the modern world's first democratic constitution in 1755<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Micca" title="Pietro Micca">Pietro Micca</a> (1677–1706), the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mining_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining (military)">miner</a> who at the sacrifice of his own life saved the citadel of Turin (1706) from French troops</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raimondo_Montecuccoli" title="Raimondo Montecuccoli">Raimondo Montecuccoli</a> (1609–1680), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Field_marshal" title="Field marshal">field marshal</a> and military reformer. In the service of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a>, he took part in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> (1769–1821), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corsicans" title="Corsicans">Corsican</a> military and political leader, founder and leader of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Republic_(Napoleonic)" title="Italian Republic (Napoleonic)">Italian Republic</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Kingdom</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ottavio_Piccolomini" title="Ottavio Piccolomini">Ottavio Piccolomini</a> (1599–1656), general and diplomat in the service of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola,_1st_Marquis_of_the_Balbases" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases">Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases</a> (1569–1630), general and master of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege warfare">siege warfare</a> in the service of Spain</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II_of_Sardinia" title="Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia">Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia</a> (1666–1732), King of Sicily (1713–1720) and of Sardinia (1720–1730), established the foundation for the future Italian national state</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="1861_to_the_rise_of_Fascism">1861 to the rise of Fascism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 1861 to the rise of Fascism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_military_personnel_of_World_War_I" title="Category:Italian military personnel of World War I">Category:Italian military personnel of World War I</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_military_personnel_of_World_War_II" title="Category:Italian military personnel of World War II">Category:Italian military personnel of World War II</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_fascists" title="Category:Italian fascists">Category:Italian fascists</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Pietro Badoglio</a> (1871–1956), general and statesman during the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italo_Balbo" title="Italo Balbo">Italo Balbo</a> (1896–1940), airman and fascist leader who played a decisive role in developing Benito Mussolini's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air force</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oreste_Baratieri" title="Oreste Baratieri">Oreste Baratieri</a> (1841–1901), general and governor of Italian Eritrea</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cesare_Battisti_(politician)" title="Cesare Battisti (politician)">Cesare Battisti</a> (1875–1916), politician</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_conte_di_Cavour" class="mw-redirect" title="Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour">Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour</a> (1810–1861), politician, leading figure in the movement toward <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_unification" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Francesco Crispi</a> (1819–1901), statesman who, after being exiled from Naples and Sardinia-Piedmont for revolutionary activities, eventually became premier of a united Italy<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvo_D%27Acquisto" title="Salvo D'Acquisto">Salvo D'Acquisto</a> (1920–1943), member of the Italian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carabinieri" title="Carabinieri">Carabinieri</a>, awarded the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gold_Medal_of_Military_Valor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Medal of Military Valor">Gold Medal of Military Valor</a> in memory of his heroism</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Armando_Diaz" title="Armando Diaz">Armando Diaz</a> (1861–1928), general and a Marshal of Italy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulio_Douhet" title="Giulio Douhet">Giulio Douhet</a> (1869–1930), military, the first to envision the true potential of airpower and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Area_bombardment" title="Area bombardment">strategic bombardment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> (1807–1882), patriot and soldier of the Risorgimento; contributed to the achievement of Italian unification under the royal <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maurizio_Giglio" title="Maurizio Giglio">Maurizio Giglio</a> (1920–1944), soldier, policeman and secret agent, recipient of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gold_Medal_of_Military_Valor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Medal of Military Valor">Gold Medal of Military Valor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giovanni Giolitti</a> (1842–1928), statesman and five times prime minister under whose leadership Italy prospered</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a> (1891–1937), intellectual and politician, a founder of the Italian Communist Party whose ideas greatly influenced Italian communism<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Matteotti" title="Giacomo Matteotti">Giacomo Matteotti</a> (1885–1924), socialist politician. He strongly denounced the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">National Fascist Party</a>. Two weeks after his speech, he was kidnapped and murdered by fascists</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Giuseppe Mazzini</a> (1805–1872), propagandist and revolutionary; a champion of the movement for Italian unity known as the Risorgimento</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> (1883–1945), prime minister (1922–43) and the first of 20th-century Europe's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">fascist</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictators</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Rosselli" title="Carlo Rosselli">Carlo Rosselli</a> (1899–1937), political leader, journalist, and historian. He was committed to the anti-fascist struggle in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Italy</a> and in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piero_Torrigiani" title="Piero Torrigiani">Piero Torrigiani</a> (1846–1920), mayor of Florence</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_Toti" title="Enrico Toti">Enrico Toti</a> (1882–1916), deportist, patriot and hero of World War I</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II of Italy</a> (1820–1878), King of Sardinia–Piedmont who became the first king of a united Italy<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">Victor Emmanuel III of Italy</a> (1869–1947), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/King_of_Italy#Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861–1946),_House_of_Savoy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a> whose reign brought the end of the Italian monarchy<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Italian_Republic">Italian Republic</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Italian Republic">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Italian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Italian Republic">List of Presidents of the Italian Republic</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Italy">List of Prime Ministers of Italy</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Lists_of_Italian_politicians_by_party" title="Template:Lists of Italian politicians by party">Template:Lists of Italian politicians by party</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a> (1919–2013), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democratic</a> politician who was several times prime minister of Italy in the period from 1972 to 1992<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_Berlinguer" title="Enrico Berlinguer">Enrico Berlinguer</a> (1922–1984), secretary-general of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> from March 1972 until his death</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> (born 1936), media tycoon who served three times as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Italy">prime minister of Italy</a> (1994; 2001–06; 2008–11)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umberto_Bossi" title="Umberto Bossi">Umberto Bossi</a> (born 1941), politician who was leader (born 1991) of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a> party<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Bettino Craxi</a> (1934–2000), politician who became his nation's first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party#Bettino_Craxi" title="Italian Socialist Party">Socialist</a> prime minister (1983–87)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a> (1881–1954), statesman and politician, considered to be one of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Founding_fathers_of_the_European_Union" title="Founding fathers of the European Union">Founding fathers of the European Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_De_Nicola" title="Enrico De Nicola">Enrico De Nicola</a> (1877–1959), politician, the first provisional Head of State of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_constitutional_referendum,_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian constitutional referendum, 1946">newborn republic</a> of Italy from 1946 to 1948</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Di_Pietro" title="Antonio Di Pietro">Antonio Di Pietro</a> (born 1950), jurist and politician who uncovered a wide-ranging government <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">corruption</a> scandal</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Einaudi" title="Luigi Einaudi">Luigi Einaudi</a> (1874–1961), economist and statesman, the first president (1948–55) of the Republic of Italy<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nilde_Iotti" title="Nilde Iotti">Nilde Iotti</a> (1920–1999), politician</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a> (1916–1978), leader of the Christian Democratic Party, who served five times as premier of Italy. In 1978 he was kidnapped and subsequently murdered by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Red_Brigades" title="Red Brigades">left-wing terrorists</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a> (born 1939), politician who was twice prime minister of Italy (1996–98; 2006–08) and who served as president of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> (1999–2004)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Antonio Segni</a> (1891–1972), statesman, twice premier (1955–57, 1959–60), and fourth president (1962–64) of Italy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Sturzo" title="Luigi Sturzo">Luigi Sturzo</a> (1871–1959), priest, public official, and political organizer who founded a party that was a forerunner of the Italian Christian Democrat movement<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Palmiro Togliatti</a> (1893–1964), politician who led the Italian Communist Party for nearly 40 years and made it the largest in Europe<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli">Altiero Spinelli</a> (1907–1986), statesman, author of the so-called "<a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Spinelli_Plan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spinelli Plan (page does not exist)">Spinelli Plan</a>", co-author of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ventotene_Manifesto" title="Ventotene Manifesto">Ventotene Manifesto</a>, founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crocodile_Club" title="Crocodile Club">Crocodile Club</a>, co-founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Union_of_European_Federalists" title="Union of European Federalists">Union of European Federalists</a>, hailed as one of the Fathers of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Musicians">Musicians</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Musicians">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Composers">Composers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Composers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_composers" title="List of Italian composers">List of Italian composers</a></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Middle_Ages_2">Middle Ages</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Middle Ages">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Johannes Ciconia</a> (c. 1370–1412), composer and theorist. His open melodic style, clarity of texture, and "modern" sense of harmonic direction make him an attractive and accessible composer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gherardello_da_Firenze" title="Gherardello da Firenze">Gherardello da Firenze</a> (c. 1320/1325–1362/1363), composer. He was known for his liturgical compositions but only two mass movements have survived</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guido_of_Arezzo" title="Guido of Arezzo">Guido of Arezzo</a> (c. 990–1050), music theorist whose principles served as a foundation for modern Western <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">musical notation</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_da_Bologna" title="Jacopo da Bologna">Jacopo da Bologna</a> (<i>fl.</i> 1340–1360), court composer during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a> and one of the earliest composers of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polyphonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphonic">polyphonic</a> secular songs</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Landini" title="Francesco Landini">Francesco Landini</a> (c. 1325/1335–1397), composer, organist and poet. Celebrated in his own day as a master of the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Music_of_the_Trecento" title="Music of the Trecento">Italian ars nova</a></i> style, among his works are madrigals, cacce, and ballate</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marchetto_da_Padova" title="Marchetto da Padova">Marchetto da Padova</a> (<i>fl.</i> 1305–1319), music theorist and composer. He lived at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cesena" title="Cesena">Cesena</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a> at some time and was in the service of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rainier_I_of_Monaco,_Lord_of_Cagnes" title="Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes">Rainier</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prince_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Monaco">Prince of Monaco</a></li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Renaissance_2">Renaissance</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Renaissance">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Animuccia" title="Giovanni Animuccia">Giovanni Animuccia</a> (c. 1500 – 1571), composer who contributed to the development of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adriano_Banchieri" title="Adriano Banchieri">Adriano Banchieri</a> (1568–1634), one of the principal composers of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madrigal_comedy" title="Madrigal comedy">madrigal comedies</a> and choral pieces<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulio_Caccini" title="Giulio Caccini">Giulio Caccini</a> (1551–1618), composer and singer; <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Le_nuove_musiche" title="Le nuove musiche">Le nuove musiche</a></i> (1602), a collection of songs with basso continuo, was of landmark importance in establishing the new monodic style</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Canova_da_Milano" title="Francesco Canova da Milano">Francesco Canova da Milano</a> (1497–1543), lutenist and composer. Known as <i>Il divino</i> ("the divine"), he was the finest composer of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lute_song" title="Lute song">lute music</a> before <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Dowland" title="John Dowland">John Dowland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emilio_de%27_Cavalieri" title="Emilio de' Cavalieri">Emilio de' Cavalieri</a> (1550–1602), composer. One of the earliest to compose dramatic music<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Gabrieli" title="Andrea Gabrieli">Andrea Gabrieli</a> (1532/33–1585), composer and organist, known for his madrigals and his large-scale choral and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Instrumental_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrumental music">instrumental music</a> for public ceremonies<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Gabrieli" title="Giovanni Gabrieli">Giovanni Gabrieli</a> (c. 1554/1557–1612), composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Gesualdo" title="Carlo Gesualdo">Carlo Gesualdo</a> (1566–1613), composer and lutist. He is famous for his intensely expressive <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madrigal_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrigal (music)">madrigals</a>, which use a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chromaticism" title="Chromaticism">chromatic</a> language not heard of until the 19th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina</a> (1525/1526–1594), composer associated with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_School" title="Roman School">Roman School</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luzzasco_Luzzaschi" title="Luzzasco Luzzaschi">Luzzasco Luzzaschi</a> (c. 1545 – 1607), composer, organist, and teacher of the late <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luca_Marenzio" title="Luca Marenzio">Luca Marenzio</a> (1553–1599), composer whose madrigals are considered to be among the finest examples of Italian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madrigal_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrigal (music)">madrigals</a> of the late 16th century<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudio_Merulo" title="Claudio Merulo">Claudio Merulo</a> (1533–1604), composer. He was organist of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a> Cathedral (1556–7) and of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Basilica" title="St Mark's Basilica">St Mark's Basilica</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> (1557–84), where he was also an organ consultant, publisher and teacher</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudio_Monteverdi" title="Claudio Monteverdi">Claudio Monteverdi</a> (1567–1643), composer, violinist and singer considered a crucial figure in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_music" title="History of music">history of music</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Peri" title="Jacopo Peri">Jacopo Peri</a> (1561–1633), composer and singer; often called the inventor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gioseffo_Zarlino" title="Gioseffo Zarlino">Gioseffo Zarlino</a> (1517–1590), composer and writer on music, the most celebrated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Music_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Music theorist">music theorist</a> of the mid-16th century<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Baroque_2">Baroque</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Baroque">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tomaso_Albinoni" title="Tomaso Albinoni">Tomaso Albinoni</a> (1671–1751), composer remembered chiefly for his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Instrumental" title="Instrumental">instrumental</a> music</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregorio_Allegri" title="Gregorio Allegri">Gregorio Allegri</a> (1582–1652), composer of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Church_music" title="Church music">church music</a>. The famous <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miserere_(Allegri)" title="Miserere (Allegri)">Miserere</a></i>, performed yearly on Wednesday and Friday of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Passion_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion Week">Passion Week</a>, in the papal chapel, is his composition</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesca_Caccini" title="Francesca Caccini">Francesca Caccini</a> (1587–1641), composer and singer, daughter of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulio_Caccini" title="Giulio Caccini">Giulio Caccini</a>. She was the first woman to compose <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> and probably the most prolific woman composer of her time</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Caldara" title="Antonio Caldara">Antonio Caldara</a> (1670/71–1736), composer. He composed many <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">operas</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorios</a>, other sacred and secular <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vocal_music" title="Vocal music">vocal music</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chamber_music" title="Chamber music">chamber</a> works. His canons were especially popular</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Carissimi" title="Giacomo Carissimi">Giacomo Carissimi</a> (1605–1674), composer and one of the most celebrated masters of the early <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a>, or, more accurately, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_School" title="Roman School">Roman School</a> of music</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Cavalli" title="Francesco Cavalli">Francesco Cavalli</a> (1602–1676), the most important Italian composer of opera in the mid-17th century<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Cesti" title="Antonio Cesti">Antonio Cesti</a> (1623–1669), composer who, with Francesco Cavalli, was one of the leading Italian composers of the 17th century<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arcangelo_Corelli" title="Arcangelo Corelli">Arcangelo Corelli</a> (1653–1713), violinist, composer, conductor and teacher. Founder of the Italian school of violin</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Girolamo_Frescobaldi" title="Girolamo Frescobaldi">Girolamo Frescobaldi</a> (1583–1643), musician and one of the most important composers of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboard</a> instrumental music in the late <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance</a> and early <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque music</a> periods</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Geminiani" title="Francesco Geminiani">Francesco Geminiani</a> (1687–1762), composer, violinist, teacher, writer on musical <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Performance" title="Performance">performance</a>, and a leading figure in early 18th-century music<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonardo_Leo" title="Leonardo Leo">Leonardo Leo</a> (1694–1744), composer who was noted for his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comic_opera" title="Comic opera">comic operas</a> and who was instrumental in forming the Neapolitan style of opera composition</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Locatelli" title="Pietro Locatelli">Pietro Locatelli</a> (1695–1764), composer and violinist. His influential <i>L′arte del violino</i> (1733) contains 12 solo violin concertos and 24 caprices for solo violin</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Lully" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Baptiste Lully">Jean Baptiste Lully</a> (1632–1687), Italian-French composer. He was court composer to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>, founding the national <a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_opera" title="French opera">French opera</a> and producing court ballets for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>'s plays</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Pergolesi" title="Giovanni Battista Pergolesi">Giovanni Battista Pergolesi</a> (1710–1736), composer whose <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Intermezzo" title="Intermezzo">intermezzo</a> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_serva_padrona" title="La serva padrona">La serva padrona</a></i> (1733) was one of the most celebrated stage works of the 18th century<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicola_Porpora" title="Nicola Porpora">Nicola Porpora</a> (1686–1768), composer. Leading Italian teacher of singing of the 18th century<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Scarlatti" title="Alessandro Scarlatti">Alessandro Scarlatti</a> (1660–1725), composer of operas and religious works. He is considered the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Scarlatti" title="Domenico Scarlatti">Domenico Scarlatti</a> (1685–1757), composer noted particularly for his 555 keyboard <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sonata" title="Sonata">sonatas</a>, which substantially expanded the technical and musical possibilities of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbara_Strozzi" title="Barbara Strozzi">Barbara Strozzi</a> (1619–1677), virtuoso singer and composer of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vocal_music" title="Vocal music">vocal music</a>, one of only a few women in the 17th century to publish their own compositions</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Tartini" title="Giuseppe Tartini">Giuseppe Tartini</a> (1692–1770), violinist, composer, and theorist who helped establish the modern style of violin bowing and formulated principles of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ornament_(music)" title="Ornament (music)">musical ornamentation</a> and harmony<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Torelli" title="Giuseppe Torelli">Giuseppe Torelli</a> (1658–1709), composer and violinist, noted for his essential role in the development of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solo_concerto" title="Solo concerto">solo concerto</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concerto_grosso" title="Concerto grosso">concerto grosso</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sonata_da_camera" title="Sonata da camera">sonata da camera</a> forms</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi">Antonio Vivaldi</a> (1678–1741), composer, Italian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">baroque</a>, known for violin music and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concerto_grosso" title="Concerto grosso">concerto grosso</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Zipoli" title="Domenico Zipoli">Domenico Zipoli</a> (1688–1726), organist and composer. In 1716 he published his collection <i>Sonate d'intavolatura per organo e cimbalo</i></li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Classical_period">Classical period</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Classical period">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Boccherini" title="Luigi Boccherini">Luigi Boccherini</a> (1743–1805), composer and cellist. His vast <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chamber_music" title="Chamber music">chamber music</a> output includes some 125 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/String_quintet" title="String quintet">string quintets</a>, some 90 string quartets, and many <a href="/enwiki/wiki/String_trio" title="String trio">string trios</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferdinando_Carulli" title="Ferdinando Carulli">Ferdinando Carulli</a> (1770–1841), guitarist, composer and teacher. Known for his concertos, sonatas, studies, variations and transcriptions (over 300 opus numbers)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Cimarosa" title="Domenico Cimarosa">Domenico Cimarosa</a> (1749–1801), composer; a leading representative of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">opera buffa</a>. Among his numerous works, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Il_matrimonio_segreto" title="Il matrimonio segreto">Il matrimonio segreto</a></i> (1792) is universally renowned</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baldassare_Galuppi" title="Baldassare Galuppi">Baldassare Galuppi</a> (1706–1784), composer whose <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comic_opera" title="Comic opera">comic operas</a> won him the title father of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">opera buffa</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauro_Giuliani" title="Mauro Giuliani">Mauro Giuliani</a> (1781–1829), the most important guitarist and composer of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a> music of his time</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Jommelli" title="Niccolò Jommelli">Niccolò Jommelli</a> (1714–1774), composer of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Religious_music" title="Religious music">religious music</a> and operas, an innovator in his use of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Martini" title="Giovanni Battista Martini">Giovanni Battista Martini</a> (1706–1784), composer, music theorist, and music historian who was internationally renowned as a teacher<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Paisiello" title="Giovanni Paisiello">Giovanni Paisiello</a> (1740–1816), one of the most successful and influential opera composers of his time. He composed more than 80 operas, including a very popular <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barber_of_Seville" class="mw-redirect" title="Barber of Seville">Barber of Seville</a></i> (1782)<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Piccinni" title="Niccolò Piccinni">Niccolò Piccinni</a> (1728–1800), composer of more than 100 operas. His most famous opera was <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_buona_figliuola" title="La buona figliuola">La buona figliuola</a></i> (1760), which established him as one of the leading composers of his day</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Antonio Salieri</a> (1750–1825), composer whose operas were acclaimed throughout Europe in the late 18th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Sammartini" title="Giovanni Battista Sammartini">Giovanni Battista Sammartini</a> (1700/1701–1775), composer who was an important formative influence on the pre-Classical symphony</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Viotti" title="Giovanni Battista Viotti">Giovanni Battista Viotti</a> (1755–1824), violinist and composer, principal founder of the 19th-century school of violin playing</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Romantic">Romantic</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Romantic">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Vincenzo Bellini</a> (1801–1835), opera composer. His most celebrated works are the operas <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_sonnambula" title="La sonnambula">La sonnambula</a></i> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norma_(opera)" title="Norma (opera)">Norma</a></i> (both 1831)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arrigo_Boito" title="Arrigo Boito">Arrigo Boito</a> (1842–1918), composer and poet. He is remembered for his opera <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mefistofele" title="Mefistofele">Mefistofele</a></i> (1868)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alfredo_Catalani" title="Alfredo Catalani">Alfredo Catalani</a> (1854–1893), composer of the popular opera <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Wally" title="La Wally">La Wally</a></i> (1892). His operas were among the most important in the period preceding the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Verismo" title="Verismo">verismo</a> school</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Luigi Cherubini</a> (1760–1842), composer, who lived in Paris after 1788. Of his nearly 40 operas, the most popular were <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lodo%C3%AFska" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodoïska">Lodoïska</a></i> (1791), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/M%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_(Cherubini)" title="Médée (Cherubini)">Médée</a></i> (1797), and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Les_deux_journ%C3%A9es" title="Les deux journées">Les deux journées</a></i> (1800)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muzio_Clementi" title="Muzio Clementi">Muzio Clementi</a> (1752–1832), composer, pianist, organist and teacher who is acknowledged as the first to write specifically for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Gaetano Donizetti</a> (1797–1848), opera composer. Among his major works are <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucia_di_Lammermoor" title="Lucia di Lammermoor">Lucia di Lammermoor</a></i> (1835), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_fille_du_r%C3%A9giment" title="La fille du régiment">La fille du régiment</a></i> (1840), and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_favorite" title="La favorite">La favorite</a></i> (1840)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ruggero_Leoncavallo" title="Ruggero Leoncavallo">Ruggero Leoncavallo</a> (1857–1919), opera composer whose fame rests on the opera <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pagliacci" title="Pagliacci">Pagliacci</a></i> (1892)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Mascagni" title="Pietro Mascagni">Pietro Mascagni</a> (1863–1945), operatic composer, one of the principal exponents of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Verismo" title="Verismo">verismo</a>. Mascagni came up with his masterpiece <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana" title="Cavalleria rusticana">Cavalleria rusticana</a></i> in 1890 to tremendous success</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saverio_Mercadante" title="Saverio Mercadante">Saverio Mercadante</a> (1795–1870), composer, teacher and orchestrator. He is considered to have been an important reformer of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_opera" title="Italian opera">Italian opera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Niccolò Paganini</a> (1782–1840), composer and principal violin <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtuoso" title="Virtuoso">virtuoso</a> of the 19th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amilcare_Ponchielli" title="Amilcare Ponchielli">Amilcare Ponchielli</a> (1834–1886), composer, known for his opera <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Gioconda_(opera)" title="La Gioconda (opera)">La Gioconda</a></i> (1876)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Gioachino Rossini</a> (1792–1868), composer nicknamed "The Italian Mozart". Operas include: <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Barber_of_Seville" title="The Barber of Seville">The Barber of Seville</a></i> (1816), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Cenerentola" title="La Cenerentola">La Cenerentola</a></i> (1817), and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Semiramide" title="Semiramide">Semiramide</a></i> (1823)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaspare_Spontini" title="Gaspare Spontini">Gaspare Spontini</a> (1774–1851), composer and conductor. His most acclaimed work was <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Vestale" class="mw-redirect" title="La Vestale">La Vestale</a></i> (1807)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a> (1813–1901), leading Italian composer of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> in the 19th century, noted for operas such as <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rigoletto" title="Rigoletto">Rigoletto</a></i> (1851), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_traviata" title="La traviata">La traviata</a></i> (1853), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aida" title="Aida">Aida</a></i> (1871) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Otello" title="Otello">Otello</a></i> (1887) among others</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="The_1900s_2">The 1900s</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: The 1900s">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pippo_Barzizza" title="Pippo Barzizza">Pippo Barzizza</a> (1902-1994), composer, arranger, conductor and music director</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Luciano Berio</a> (1925–2003), musician, whose success as theorist, conductor, composer, and teacher placed him among the leading representatives of the musical <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Ferruccio Busoni</a> (1866–1924), pianist and composer who attained fame as a pianist of brilliance and intellectual power</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Castelnuovo-Tedesco" title="Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco">Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco</a> (1895–1968), composer in the Neoromantic style. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> were influential in his compositions</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vito_Carnevali" title="Vito Carnevali">Vito Carnevali</a> (1888 – c. 1960) composer of choral music for the Roman Catholic Church<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Cilea" title="Francesco Cilea">Francesco Cilea</a> (1866–1950), composer whose operas are distinguished by their melodic charm.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup> known for <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adriana_Lecouvreur" title="Adriana Lecouvreur">Adriana Lecouvreur</a></i> (1902)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Dallapiccola" title="Luigi Dallapiccola">Luigi Dallapiccola</a> (1904–1975), composer known for his lyrical <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">twelve-tone</a> compositions</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_Ferrero" title="Lorenzo Ferrero">Lorenzo Ferrero</a> (born 1951), composer. Among his major works are the operas <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvatore_Giuliano_(opera)" title="Salvatore Giuliano (opera)">Salvatore Giuliano</a></i> (1986), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Conquista_(opera)" title="La Conquista (opera)">La Conquista</a></i> (2005), and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Risorgimento!_(opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Risorgimento! (opera)">Risorgimento!</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umberto_Giordano" title="Umberto Giordano">Umberto Giordano</a> (1867–1948), opera composer in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Verismo" title="Verismo">verismo</a>, or "realist", style, known for his opera <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Ch%C3%A9nier" title="Andrea Chénier">Andrea Chénier</a></i> (1896)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piero_Piccioni" title="Piero Piccioni">Piero Piccioni</a> (1921 – 2004), lawyer, pianist, organist, conductor, composer, he was also the prolific author of more than 300 film soundtracks.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Mascagni" title="Pietro Mascagni">Pietro Mascagni</a> (1863–1945), opera composer, famous for <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana" title="Cavalleria rusticana">Cavalleria rusticana</a></i>, one of the classic <i>verismo</i> operas</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (1928–2020), composer and conductor. He is considered one of the most prolific and influential film composers of his era</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Nono_(composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luigi Nono (composer)">Luigi Nono</a> (1924–1990), leading Italian composer of electronic, aleatory, and serial music</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goffredo_Petrassi" title="Goffredo Petrassi">Goffredo Petrassi</a> (1904–2003), composer of modern classical music, conductor, and teacher</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a> (1858–1924), composer of operas. His finest operas, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème">La bohème</a></i> (1896), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tosca" title="Tosca">Tosca</a></i> (1900), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madama_Butterfly" title="Madama Butterfly">Madama Butterfly</a></i> (1904), and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turandot" title="Turandot">Turandot</a></i> (produced posthumously in 1926)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ottorino_Respighi" title="Ottorino Respighi">Ottorino Respighi</a> (1879–1936), composer, known for colourful tone poems <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Fountains_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fountains of Rome">The Fountains of Rome</a></i> (1916) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Pines_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pines of Rome">The Pines of Rome</a></i> (1924)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nino_Rota" title="Nino Rota">Nino Rota</a> (1911–1979), composer of film scores, notably for the films of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Serry_Sr." title="John Serry Sr.">John Serry Sr.</a> (1915–2003), Italian-American composer of music for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free-bass_system" title="Free-bass system">Free-bass system</a> Accordion including <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Rhapsody" title="American Rhapsody">American Rhapsody</a></i> (1955) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concerto_for_Free_Bass_Accordion" title="Concerto for Free Bass Accordion">Concerto for Free Bass Accordion</a></i> (1964)</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Conductors">Conductors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Conductors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_conductors_(music)" title="Category:Italian conductors (music)">Category:Italian conductors (music)</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudio_Abbado" title="Claudio Abbado">Claudio Abbado</a> (1933–2014), conductor. Principal conductor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a> (1979–88); director of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna State Opera</a> (1986–91), and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berlin_Philharmonic" title="Berlin Philharmonic">Berlin Philharmonic</a> (1989–2001)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Ferruccio Busoni</a> (1866–1924), pianist and composer who attained fame as a pianist of brilliance and intellectual power</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riccardo_Chailly" title="Riccardo Chailly">Riccardo Chailly</a> (born 1953), conductor known for his devotion to contemporary music, and for his attempts to modernize approaches to the traditional symphonic repertory</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victor_de_Sabata" title="Victor de Sabata">Victor de Sabata</a> (1892–1967), conductor and composer. He is widely recognized as one of the most distinguished operatic conductors of the 20th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piero_Gamba" title="Piero Gamba">Piero Gamba</a> (born 1936), also known as Pierino Gamba, orchestral conductor and pianist. Gamba came to attention as a child prodigy.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniele_Gatti" title="Daniele Gatti">Daniele Gatti</a> (born 1961), conductor. He is considered the foremost conductor of his generation"<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Ferrara" title="Franco Ferrara">Franco Ferrara</a> (1911-1985), conductor and teacher ofvarious prominent conductors, including Roberto Abbado, Riccardo Chailly, Andrew Davis and Riccardo Muti</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianandrea_Gavazzeni" title="Gianandrea Gavazzeni">Gianandrea Gavazzeni</a> (1909 – 1996), conductor of opera</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Giulini" title="Carlo Maria Giulini">Carlo Maria Giulini</a> (1914–2005), conductor esteemed for his skills in directing both grand opera and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Symphony_orchestras" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony orchestras">symphony orchestras</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fabio_Luisi" title="Fabio Luisi">Fabio Luisi</a> (born 1959), conductor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vienna_Symphony" title="Vienna Symphony">Vienna Symphony</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Staatskapelle_Dresden" title="Staatskapelle Dresden">Staatskapelle Dresden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianandrea_Noseda" title="Gianandrea Noseda">Gianandrea Noseda</a> (born 1964), conductor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Symphony_Orchestra" title="National Symphony Orchestra">National Symphony Orchestra</a> of Washington D.C.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riccardo_Muti" title="Riccardo Muti">Riccardo Muti</a> (born 1941), conductor of both opera and the symphonic repertory. He became one of the most respected and charismatic conductors of his generation<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudio_Scimone" title="Claudio Scimone">Claudio Scimone</a> (1934–2018), conductor. He founded <a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Solisti_Veneti" title="I Solisti Veneti">I Solisti Veneti</a> in 1959, specializing in 18th-century and 20th-century Italian music</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tullio_Serafin" title="Tullio Serafin">Tullio Serafin</a> (1878–1968), conductor. An outstanding conductor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_opera" title="Italian opera">Italian opera</a>, he did much to foster the revival of interest in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donizetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Donizetti">Donizetti</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Sinopoli" title="Giuseppe Sinopoli">Giuseppe Sinopoli</a> (1946–2001), performed with an intensity and daring that made him one of Europe's most controversial orchestra leaders</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a> (1867–1957), conductor, considered one of the great virtuoso conductors of the first half of the 20th century<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Singers">Singers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Singers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_singers" title="Category:Italian singers">Category:Italian singers</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_songwriters" title="Category:Italian songwriters">Category:Italian songwriters</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_rappers" title="Category:Italian rappers">Category:Italian rappers</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Achille_Lauro_(rapper)" title="Achille Lauro (rapper)">Achille Lauro</a> (born 1990) – rapper/singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alexia_(Italian_singer)" title="Alexia (Italian singer)">Alexia</a> (born 1967) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandra_Amoroso" title="Alessandra Amoroso">Alessandra Amoroso</a> (born 1986) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Annalisa" title="Annalisa">Annalisa</a> (born 1985) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arisa" title="Arisa">Arisa</a> (born 1982) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bianca_Atzei" title="Bianca Atzei">Bianca Atzei</a> (born 1987) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Serena_Autieri" title="Serena Autieri">Serena Autieri</a> (born 1976) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malika_Ayane" title="Malika Ayane">Malika Ayane</a> (born 1984) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baby_K_(artist)" title="Baby K (artist)">Baby K</a> (born 1983) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Backy" class="extiw" title="fr:Don Backy">Don Backy</a> (born 1939) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bassi_Maestro" title="Bassi Maestro">Bassi Maestro</a> (born 1973) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudio_Baglioni" title="Claudio Baglioni">Claudio Baglioni</a> (born 1951) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Battiato" title="Franco Battiato">Franco Battiato</a> (1945–2021) – singer/songwriter, composer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucio_Battisti" title="Lucio Battisti">Lucio Battisti</a> (1943 – 1998) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fred_Bongusto" title="Fred Bongusto">Fred Bongusto</a> (1935 – 2019) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandra_Belloni" title="Alessandra Belloni">Alessandra Belloni</a> (born 1954) – singer, drummer, dancer, teacher</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Primo_Brown" title="Primo Brown">Primo Brown</a> (1976–2016) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edoardo_Bennato" title="Edoardo Bennato">Edoardo Bennato</a> (born 1946) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugenio_Bennato" title="Eugenio Bennato">Eugenio Bennato</a> (born 1948) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Loredana_Bert%C3%A8" title="Loredana Bertè">Loredana Bertè</a> (born 1950) – performer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orietta_Berti" title="Orietta Berti">Orietta Berti</a> (born 1943) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carla_Bissi" class="mw-redirect" title="Carla Bissi">Carla Bissi</a> (Alice) (1954) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angelo_Branduardi" title="Angelo Branduardi">Angelo Branduardi</a> (born 1950) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michele_Bravi" title="Michele Bravi">Michele Bravi</a> (born 1994) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fred_Buscaglione" title="Fred Buscaglione">Fred Buscaglione</a> (1921–1960) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clementino" title="Clementino">Clementino</a> (born 1982) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coez" title="Coez">Coez</a> (born 1983) – singer/rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Caccese" title="Andrea Caccese">Andrea Caccese</a> (born 1988) − singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renato_Carosone" title="Renato Carosone">Renato Carosone</a> (1920–2001) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caterina_Caselli" title="Caterina Caselli">Caterina Caselli</a> (born 1946) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raffaella_Carr%C3%A0" title="Raffaella Carrà">Raffaella Carrà</a> (1943–2021) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albano_Carrisi" title="Albano Carrisi">Albano Carrisi</a> (born 1943) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marco_Carta" title="Marco Carta">Marco Carta</a> (born 1985) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adriano_Celentano" title="Adriano Celentano">Adriano Celentano</a> (born 1938) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gigliola_Cinquetti" title="Gigliola Cinquetti">Gigliola Cinquetti</a> (born 1947) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chiara_(Italian_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiara (Italian singer)">Chiara</a> (born 1986) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riccardo_Cocciante" title="Riccardo Cocciante">Riccardo Cocciante</a> (born 1946) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lodovica_Comello" title="Lodovica Comello">Lodovica Comello</a> (born 1990) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Conte" title="Paolo Conte">Paolo Conte</a> (born 1937) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toto_Cutugno" title="Toto Cutugno">Toto Cutugno</a> (born 1946) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorella_Cuccarini" title="Lorella Cuccarini">Lorella Cuccarini</a> (born 1965) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucio_Dalla" title="Lucio Dalla">Lucio Dalla</a> (1943–2012) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pino_Daniele" title="Pino Daniele">Pino Daniele</a> (1955–2015) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gigi_D%27Alessio" title="Gigi D'Alessio">Gigi D'Alessio</a> (born 1967) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dargen_D%27Amico" title="Dargen D'Amico">Dargen D'Amico</a> (born 1980) – rapper/singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cristina_D%27Avena" title="Cristina D'Avena">Cristina D'Avena</a> (born 1964) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fabrizio_De_Andr%C3%A9" title="Fabrizio De André">Fabrizio De André</a> (1940–1999) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_De_Gregori" title="Francesco De Gregori">Francesco De Gregori</a> (born 1951) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberto_Demo" title="Roberto Demo">Roberto Demo</a> (born 1965) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manuel_De_Peppe" title="Manuel De Peppe">Manuel De Peppe</a> (born 1970) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teresa_De_Sio" title="Teresa De Sio">Teresa De Sio</a> (born 1955) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicola_Di_Bari" title="Nicola Di Bari">Nicola Di Bari</a> (born 1940) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peppino_di_Capri" title="Peppino di Capri">Peppino di Capri</a> (born 1939) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldo_Don%C3%A0" class="extiw" title="it:Aldo Donà">Aldo Donà</a> (1920-2011) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pino_Donaggio" title="Pino Donaggio">Pino Donaggio</a> (born 1941) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldo_Donati_(singer)" title="Aldo Donati (singer)">Aldo Donati</a> (1947-2014)- singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johnny_Dorelli" title="Johnny Dorelli">Johnny Dorelli</a> (born 1937) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Egreen" title="Egreen">Egreen</a> (born 1984) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elisa_(Italian_singer)" title="Elisa (Italian singer)">Elisa</a> (born 1977) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/El_Presidente_(musician)" title="El Presidente (musician)">El Presidente</a> (born 1972) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruno_Filippini" title="Bruno Filippini">Bruno Filippini</a> (born 1945) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosario_Fiorello" title="Rosario Fiorello">Rosario Fiorello</a> (born 1960) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enzo_Jannacci" title="Enzo Jannacci">Enzo Jannacci</a> (1935 – 2013) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emis_Killa" title="Emis Killa">Emis Killa</a> (born 1989) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/En%3Fgma" class="mw-redirect" title="En?gma">En?gma</a> (born 1988) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ensi_(rapper)" title="Ensi (rapper)">Ensi</a> (born 1985) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fabri_Fibra" title="Fabri Fibra">Fabri Fibra</a> (born 1976) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fedez" title="Fedez">Fedez</a> (born 1989) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fred_De_Palma" title="Fred De Palma">Fred De Palma</a> (born 1989) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sergio_Endrigo" title="Sergio Endrigo">Sergio Endrigo</a> (1933-2005) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gabriella_Ferri" title="Gabriella Ferri">Gabriella Ferri</a> (1942 – 2004) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giusy_Ferreri" title="Giusy Ferreri">Giusy Ferreri</a> (born 1979) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiziano_Ferro" title="Tiziano Ferro">Tiziano Ferro</a> (born 1980) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugenio_Finardi" title="Eugenio Finardi">Eugenio Finardi</a> (born 1952) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riccardo_Fogli" title="Riccardo Fogli">Riccardo Fogli</a> (born 1947) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimmy_Fontana" title="Jimmy Fontana">Jimmy Fontana</a> (1934 – 2013) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivano_Fossati" title="Ivano Fossati">Ivano Fossati</a> (born 1951) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gemitaiz" title="Gemitaiz">Gemitaiz</a> (born 1988) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gu%C3%A9_Pequeno" title="Gué Pequeno">Gué Pequeno</a> (born 1980) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgio_Gaber" title="Giorgio Gaber">Giorgio Gaber</a> (1939–2003) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Gabbani" title="Francesco Gabbani">Francesco Gabbani</a> (born 1982) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rino_Gaetano" title="Rino Gaetano">Rino Gaetano</a> (1950–1981) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgia" title="Giorgia">Giorgia</a> (born 1971) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wilma_Goich" title="Wilma Goich">Wilma Goich</a>(born 1945) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irene_Grandi" title="Irene Grandi">Irene Grandi</a> (born 1969) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Guccini" title="Francesco Guccini">Francesco Guccini</a> (born 1940) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/J-Ax" title="J-Ax">J-Ax</a> (born 1972) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jovanotti" title="Jovanotti">Jovanotti</a> (born 1966) – singer/songwriter and rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rudy_La_Scala" title="Rudy La Scala">Rudy La Scala</a> (born 1954) – singer/songwriter and record producer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruno_Lauzi" title="Bruno Lauzi">Bruno Lauzi</a> (1937–2006) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fausto_Leali" title="Fausto Leali">Fausto Leali</a> (born 1944) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luciano_Ligabue" title="Luciano Ligabue">Luciano Ligabue</a> (born 1960) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MadMan" class="mw-redirect" title="MadMan">MadMan</a> (born 1988) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahmood" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmood">Mahmood</a> (born 1992) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marracash" title="Marracash">Marracash</a> (born 1979) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cristiano_Malgioglio" title="Cristiano Malgioglio">Cristiano Malgioglio</a> (born 1945) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pablo_Manavello" title="Pablo Manavello">Pablo Manavello</a> (1950-2016) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fiorella_Mannoia" title="Fiorella Mannoia">Fiorella Mannoia</a> (born 1954) – performer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emma_Marrone" title="Emma Marrone">Emma Marrone</a> (born 1984) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mia_Martini" title="Mia Martini">Mia Martini</a> (1947–1995) – singer/performer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marco_Masini" title="Marco Masini">Marco Masini</a> (born 1964) – singer-songwriter, pianist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Meneguzzi" title="Paolo Meneguzzi">Paolo Meneguzzi</a> (born 1976) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marco_Mengoni" title="Marco Mengoni">Marco Mengoni</a> (born 1988) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesca_Michielin" title="Francesca Michielin">Francesca Michielin</a> (born 1995) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milva" title="Milva">Milva</a> (1939–2021) – performer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mina_(Italian_singer)" title="Mina (Italian singer)">Mina</a> (born 1940) – performer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moreno_(singer)" title="Moreno (singer)">Moreno</a> (born 1989) – rapper/singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Modugno" title="Domenico Modugno">Domenico Modugno</a> (1928–1994) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yves_Montand" title="Yves Montand">Yves Montand</a> (1921– 1991) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianni_Morandi" title="Gianni Morandi">Gianni Morandi</a> (born 1944) – performer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fabrizio_Moro" title="Fabrizio Moro">Fabrizio Moro</a> (born 1975) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Mussida" title="Franco Mussida">Franco Mussida</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Premiata_Forneria_Marconi" title="Premiata Forneria Marconi">Premiata Forneria Marconi</a>) (1947) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianna_Nannini" title="Gianna Nannini">Gianna Nannini</a> (born 1954) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neffa" title="Neffa">Neffa</a> (born 1967) – rapper/singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nesli" title="Nesli">Nesli</a> (born 1980) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Noemi_(singer)" title="Noemi (singer)">Noemi</a> (born 1982) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nitro_(rapper)" title="Nitro (rapper)">Nitro</a> (born 1993) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gino_Paoli" title="Gino Paoli">Gino Paoli</a> (born 1934) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laura_Pausini" title="Laura Pausini">Laura Pausini</a> (born 1974) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rita_Pavone" title="Rita Pavone">Rita Pavone</a> (born 1946) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emilio_Pericoli" title="Emilio Pericoli">Emilio Pericoli</a> (1928 – 2013) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nilla_Pizzi" title="Nilla Pizzi">Nilla Pizzi</a> (1919–2011) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Povia" title="Povia">Povia</a> (born 1972) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patty_Pravo" title="Patty Pravo">Patty Pravo</a> (born 1948) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberto_Rabagliati" title="Alberto Rabagliati">Alberto Rabagliati</a> (1906–1974) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rancore" title="Rancore">Rancore</a> (born 1989) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rocco_Hunt" title="Rocco Hunt">Rocco Hunt</a> (born 1994) – rapper/singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberto_Rabagliati" title="Alberto Rabagliati">Alberto Rabagliati</a> (1906–1974) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massimo_Ranieri" title="Massimo Ranieri">Massimo Ranieri</a> (born 1951) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eros_Ramazzotti" title="Eros Ramazzotti">Eros Ramazzotti</a> (born 1963) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mino_Reitano" title="Mino Reitano">Mino Reitano</a> (1944–2009) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Renis" title="Tony Renis">Tony Renis</a> (born 1938) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donatella_Rettore" title="Donatella Rettore">Donatella Rettore</a> (born 1953) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stefano_Righi" title="Stefano Righi">Stefano Righi</a> (born 1969) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vasco_Rossi" title="Vasco Rossi">Vasco Rossi</a> (born 1952) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fabio_Rovazzi" title="Fabio Rovazzi">Fabio Rovazzi</a> (born 1994) – rapper/singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_Ruggeri" title="Enrico Ruggeri">Enrico Ruggeri</a> (born 1957) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonella_Ruggiero" title="Antonella Ruggiero">Antonella Ruggiero</a> (born 1952) – performer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuni_Russo" title="Giuni Russo">Giuni Russo</a> (1951–2004) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salmo_(rapper)" title="Salmo (rapper)">Salmo</a> (born 1984) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shade_(rapper)" title="Shade (rapper)">Shade</a> (born 1987) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valerio_Scanu" title="Valerio Scanu">Valerio Scanu</a> (born 1990) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_Solo" title="Bobby Solo">Bobby Solo</a> (born 1945) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demetrio_Stratos" title="Demetrio Stratos">Demetrio Stratos</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Area" title="Area">Area</a>) (1945–1973) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldo_Tagliapietra" title="Aldo Tagliapietra">Aldo Tagliapietra</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Le_Orme" title="Le Orme">Le Orme</a>) (1945) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Tenco" title="Luigi Tenco">Luigi Tenco</a> (1938–1967) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Little_Tony_(singer)" title="Little Tony (singer)">Little Tony</a> (1941–2013) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vacca_(rapper)" title="Vacca (rapper)">Vacca</a> (born 1979) – rapper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ornella_Vanoni" title="Ornella Vanoni">Ornella Vanoni</a> (born 1934) – performer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberto_Vecchioni" title="Roberto Vecchioni">Roberto Vecchioni</a> (born 1943) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonello_Venditti" title="Antonello Venditti">Antonello Venditti</a> (born 1949) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edoardo_Vianello" title="Edoardo Vianello">Edoardo Vianello</a> (born 1938) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudio_Villa" title="Claudio Villa">Claudio Villa</a> (1926–1987) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yordano" title="Yordano">Yordano</a> (born 1951) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iva_Zanicchi" title="Iva Zanicchi">Iva Zanicchi</a>(born 1940) – singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renato_Zero" title="Renato Zero">Renato Zero</a> (born 1950) – singer/songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zucchero" class="mw-redirect" title="Zucchero">Zucchero</a> (born 1955) – singer/songwriter</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Castrati_singers">Castrati singers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Castrati singers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Castrato" title="Castrato">Castrato</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Bernacchi" title="Antonio Bernacchi">Antonio Bernacchi</a> (1685–1756), contralto castrato, sang in operas throughout Italy and also abroad, notably at Munich and for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Handel" class="mw-redirect" title="Handel">Handel</a> in London</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caffarelli_(castrato)" title="Caffarelli (castrato)">Caffarelli</a> (1710–1783), contralto castrato. A pupil of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicola_Porpora" title="Nicola Porpora">Nicola Porpora</a>; he sang for Handel in London, England, in 1738, creating the title roles in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faramondo" title="Faramondo">Faramondo</a></i> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Serse" title="Serse">Serse</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Carestini" title="Giovanni Carestini">Giovanni Carestini</a> (c. 1704 – c. 1760), contralto castrato, one of the foremost of his time. Début Rome 1721</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Girolamo_Crescentini" title="Girolamo Crescentini">Girolamo Crescentini</a> (1762–1846), mezzo-soprano castrato. His repertory being chiefly operas by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Antonio_Zingarelli" title="Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli">Zingarelli</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Cimarosa" title="Domenico Cimarosa">Cimarosa</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Gazzaniga" title="Giuseppe Gazzaniga">Gazzaniga</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Farinelli" title="Farinelli">Farinelli</a> (1705–1782), both soprano and contralto</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacinto_Fontana" title="Giacinto Fontana">Giacinto Fontana</a>, called "Farfallino" (1692–1739), soprano castrato. He was active primarily in Rome, specialized in performing female roles (women were not permitted to appear onstage in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Grimaldi" title="Nicolò Grimaldi">Nicolò Grimaldi</a> (1673–1732), mezzo-soprano castrato known for his association with the composer George Frideric Handel, in two of whose early operas he sang</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Grossi" title="Giovanni Francesco Grossi">Giovanni Francesco Grossi</a> (1653–1697), soprano castrato. He sang Siface in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Cavalli" title="Francesco Cavalli">Cavalli</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scipione_affricano" title="Scipione affricano">Scipione affricano</a></i> (1671) and was thereafter always known by that name</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaetano_Guadagni" title="Gaetano Guadagni">Gaetano Guadagni</a> (1728–1792), contralto castrato, known for singing the role of Orpheus at the premiere of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christoph_Willibald_Gluck" title="Christoph Willibald Gluck">Gluck</a>'s opera <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orfeo_ed_Euridice" title="Orfeo ed Euridice">Orfeo ed Euridice</a></i> in 1762</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Millico" title="Giuseppe Millico">Giuseppe Millico</a>, called "Il Moscovita" (1737–1802), soprano castrato, known for his association with the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck, he performed in all the latter's reform operas.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Moreschi" title="Alessandro Moreschi">Alessandro Moreschi</a> (1858–1922), soprano castrato, known as the angel of Rome "because of vocal purity<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaspare_Pacchierotti" title="Gaspare Pacchierotti">Gaspare Pacchierotti</a> (1740–1821), soprano castrato, one of the most famous singers of his time</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Senesino" title="Senesino">Senesino</a> (1686–1758), contralto castrato, renowned for his power and his skill in both <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coloratura" title="Coloratura">coloratura</a> and expressive singing</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Velluti_(castrato)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Velluti (castrato)">Giovanni Velluti</a> (1780–1861), soprano. The last of the leading castrate singers</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Sopranos">Sopranos</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sopranos">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_sopranos" title="Category:Italian sopranos">Category:Italian sopranos</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gemma_Bellincioni" title="Gemma Bellincioni">Gemma Bellincioni</a> (1864–1950), opera singer, soprano</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Caniglia" title="Maria Caniglia">Maria Caniglia</a> (1905–1979), soprano; one of the leading Italian dramatic sopranos of the 1930s and 1940s</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mariella_Devia" title="Mariella Devia">Mariella Devia</a> (born 1948), after beginning her forty-five-year-long career as a lyric coloratura soprano, in recent years she has enjoyed success with some of the most dramatic roles in the bel canto repertoire.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mirella_Freni" title="Mirella Freni">Mirella Freni</a> (1935–2020), soprano; one of the dominant figures on the opera scene; she has since performed at many venues, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amelita_Galli-Curci" title="Amelita Galli-Curci">Amelita Galli-Curci</a> (1882–1963), coloratura soprano</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulia_Grisi" title="Giulia Grisi">Giulia Grisi</a> (1811–1869), operatic soprano whose brilliant dramatic voice established her as an operatic prima donna for more than 30 years<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudia_Muzio" title="Claudia Muzio">Claudia Muzio</a> (1889–1936), operatic soprano, whose international career was among the most successful of the early 20th century. She brought drama and pathos to all her roles</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuditta_Pasta" title="Giuditta Pasta">Giuditta Pasta</a> (1797–1865), soprano. She was famed for her roles in the operas of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossini">Rossini</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donizetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Donizetti">Donizetti</a>; acclaimed for her vocal range and expressiveness</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adelina_Patti" title="Adelina Patti">Adelina Patti</a> (1843–1919), soprano; one of the great coloratura singers of the 19th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amelia_Pinto" title="Amelia Pinto">Amelia Pinto</a> (1876–1946), remembered for Wagner and Puccini performances</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renata_Scotto" title="Renata Scotto">Renata Scotto</a> (born 1934), soprano and opera director; considered one of the preeminent singers of her generation, specializing in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bel_canto" title="Bel canto">bel canto</a> repertoire</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renata_Tebaldi" title="Renata Tebaldi">Renata Tebaldi</a> (1922–2004), lyric soprano; one of the most acclaimed members of the Metropolitan Opera company from 1955 to 1973, and retired from singing in 1976</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luisa_Tetrazzini" title="Luisa Tetrazzini">Luisa Tetrazzini</a> (1871–1940), coloratura soprano; one of the finest of her time</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Mezzo-sopranos">Mezzo-sopranos</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Mezzo-sopranos">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_mezzo-sopranos" title="Category:Italian mezzo-sopranos">Category:Italian mezzo-sopranos</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cecilia_Bartoli" title="Cecilia Bartoli">Cecilia Bartoli</a> (born 1966), operatic mezzo-soprano who achieved global stardom with her outstanding vocal skills</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faustina_Bordoni" title="Faustina Bordoni">Faustina Bordoni</a> (1697–1781), mezzo-soprano; known for her beauty and acting as well as her vocal range and breath control</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fiorenza_Cossotto" title="Fiorenza Cossotto">Fiorenza Cossotto</a> (born 1935), mezzo-soprano; she is considered by many to be one of the great mezzo-sopranos of the 20th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Armida_Parsi-Pettinella" title="Armida Parsi-Pettinella">Armida Parsi-Pettinella</a> (1868–1949), successful at the Scala, especially as Dalila</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulietta_Simionato" title="Giulietta Simionato">Giulietta Simionato</a> (1910–2010), mezzo-soprano who excelled at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bel_canto" title="Bel canto">bel canto</a> and lighter operas by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossini">Rossini</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ebe_Stignani" title="Ebe Stignani">Ebe Stignani</a> (1903/1904–1974), mezzo-soprano; member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">Scala</a> ensemble and was regarded as its leading exponent of dramatic contralto and mezzo roles</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucia_Valentini_Terrani" title="Lucia Valentini Terrani">Lucia Valentini Terrani</a> (1946–1998), mezzo-soprano, she was particularly associated with Rossini roles</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Contraltos">Contraltos</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Contraltos">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_contraltos" title="Category:Italian contraltos">Category:Italian contraltos</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marietta_Alboni" title="Marietta Alboni">Marietta Alboni</a> (1823–1894), operatic contralto known for her classic Italian bel canto</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clorinda_Corradi" title="Clorinda Corradi">Clorinda Corradi</a> (1804–1877), opera singer; one of the most famous <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">contraltos</a> in history</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppina_Grassini" title="Giuseppina Grassini">Giuseppina Grassini</a> (1773–1850), noted Italian contralto and a singing teacher</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Tenors">Tenors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Tenors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_tenors" title="Category:Italian tenors">Category:Italian tenors</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Bergonzi_(tenor)" title="Carlo Bergonzi (tenor)">Carlo Bergonzi</a> (1924–2014), operatic tenor; from 1956 to 1983, his beautiful voice was a fixture in the 19th-century Italian and French repertoire at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Bocelli" title="Andrea Bocelli">Andrea Bocelli</a> (born 1958), opera tenor noted for his unique blend of opera and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a> (1873–1921), operatic tenor</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Corelli" title="Franco Corelli">Franco Corelli</a> (1921–2003), tenor; powerful voice and passionate singing style; had a major international opera career between 1951 and 1976</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fernando_De_Lucia" title="Fernando De Lucia">Fernando De Lucia</a> (1860/1861–1925), opera tenor and singing teacher who enjoyed an international career</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Del_Monaco" title="Mario Del Monaco">Mario Del Monaco</a> (1915–1982), operatic tenor</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Di_Stefano" title="Giuseppe Di Stefano">Giuseppe Di Stefano</a> (1921–2008), lyric tenor who was hailed as one of the finest operatic tenors of his generation<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Filianoti" title="Giuseppe Filianoti">Giuseppe Filianoti</a> (born 1974), operatic tenor noted for his beautiful voice and impressive stage presence.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beniamino_Gigli" title="Beniamino Gigli">Beniamino Gigli</a> (1890–1957), operatic tenor. The most famous tenor of his generation; was a leading in French and Italian operas from 1920 to 1932</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Lauri-Volpi" title="Giacomo Lauri-Volpi">Giacomo Lauri-Volpi</a> (1892–1979), lyric-dramatic tenor; he performed throughout Europe and the Americas in a top-class career that spanned 40 years</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Martinelli" title="Giovanni Martinelli">Giovanni Martinelli</a> (1885–1969), operatic tenor; his repertoire of about 50 roles included the leading tenor roles in nearly all the principal Italian operas<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a> (1935–2007), lyric tenor</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aureliano_Pertile" title="Aureliano Pertile">Aureliano Pertile</a> (1885–1952), lyric-dramatic tenor; one of the most important of the entire 20th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianni_Raimondi" title="Gianni Raimondi">Gianni Raimondi</a> (1923–2008), lyric tenor, particularly associated with the Italian repertory</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Rubini" title="Giovanni Battista Rubini">Giovanni Battista Rubini</a> (1794–1854), tenor; known for playing heroic roles</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tito_Schipa" title="Tito Schipa">Tito Schipa</a> (1888–1965), operatic tenor; considered one of the finest <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tenore_di_grazia" title="Tenore di grazia">tenore di grazia</a> in operatic history</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Tamagno" title="Francesco Tamagno">Francesco Tamagno</a> (1850–1905), tenor; became famous for his performances in the title roles of Verdi's <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Otello" title="Otello">Otello</a></i> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Carlos" title="Don Carlos">Don Carlos</a></i></li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Baritones">Baritones</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Baritones">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_baritones" title="Category:Italian baritones">Category:Italian baritones</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pasquale_Amato" title="Pasquale Amato">Pasquale Amato</a> (1878–1942), operatic baritone; from 1908 to 1921 he sang leading baritone roles at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ettore_Bastianini" title="Ettore Bastianini">Ettore Bastianini</a> (1922–1967), operatic baritone; was particularly associated with the operas of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Verdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdi">Verdi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mattia_Battistini" title="Mattia Battistini">Mattia Battistini</a> (1856–1928), operatic baritone; a great master of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bel_canto" title="Bel canto">bel canto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renato_Bruson" title="Renato Bruson">Renato Bruson</a> (born 1934), operatic baritone; one of the most important <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baritone#Verdi_baritone" title="Baritone">Verdi baritones</a> of the late 20th and early 21st century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piero_Cappuccilli" title="Piero Cappuccilli">Piero Cappuccilli</a> (1926–2005), operatic baritone; enjoyed a 35-year career during which he was widely regarded as the leading Italian baritone of his generation<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Cotogni" title="Antonio Cotogni">Antonio Cotogni</a> (1831–1918), operatic baritone</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_De_Luca" title="Giuseppe De Luca">Giuseppe De Luca</a> (1876–1950), operatic baritone</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tito_Gobbi" title="Tito Gobbi">Tito Gobbi</a> (1913–1984), operatic baritone; he sang in most of the great opera houses and was acclaimed for his acting ability</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rolando_Panerai" title="Rolando Panerai">Rolando Panerai</a> (1924–2019), baritone; début Florence (1946) with <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucia_di_Lammermoor" title="Lucia di Lammermoor">Lucia di Lammermoor</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgio_Ronconi" title="Giorgio Ronconi">Giorgio Ronconi</a> (1810–1890), operatic baritone; one of the most popular artists on the lyric stage until his retirement in 1866</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Titta_Ruffo" title="Titta Ruffo">Titta Ruffo</a> (1877–1953), operatic baritone</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Taddei" title="Giuseppe Taddei">Giuseppe Taddei</a> (1916–2010), baritone; he has performed more than 100 operatic roles over six decades</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Basses">Basses</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Basses">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvatore_Baccaloni" title="Salvatore Baccaloni">Salvatore Baccaloni</a> (1900–1969), operatic bass; known for his large repertory, he sang nearly 170 roles in five languages</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sesto_Bruscantini" title="Sesto Bruscantini">Sesto Bruscantini</a> (1919–2003), operatic bass-baritone, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buffo" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffo">buffo</a> singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enzo_Dara" title="Enzo Dara">Enzo Dara</a> (1938–2017), bass buffo; one of the foremost performers of his generation</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nazzareno_De_Angelis" title="Nazzareno De Angelis">Nazzareno De Angelis</a> (1881–1962), operatic bass, particularly associated with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Verdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdi">Verdi</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossini">Rossini</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wagner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner">Wagner</a> roles</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferruccio_Furlanetto" title="Ferruccio Furlanetto">Ferruccio Furlanetto</a> (born 1949), bass; known as a brilliant interpreter in the Italian repertoire and as a Mozart-singer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Lablache" title="Luigi Lablache">Luigi Lablache</a> (1794–1858), operatic bass admired for his musicianship and acting</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tancredi_Pasero" title="Tancredi Pasero">Tancredi Pasero</a> (1893–1983), bass; particularly associated with the Italian repertory</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ezio_Pinza" title="Ezio Pinza">Ezio Pinza</a> (1892–1957), operatic performer who was the leading basso at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City (1926–1948)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cesare_Siepi" title="Cesare Siepi">Cesare Siepi</a> (1923–2010), bass singer who won over audiences worldwide in signature roles such as Don Giovanni and Figaro in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro" title="The Marriage of Figaro">The Marriage of Figaro</a></i></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Painters">Painters</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Painters">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_painters" title="List of Italian painters">List of Italian painters</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ancient_Rome_3">Ancient Rome</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Ancient Rome">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_painters" title="Category:Ancient Roman painters">Category:Ancient Roman painters</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Amulius_(painter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amulius (painter) (page does not exist)">Amulius</a> (1st century AD), Roman painter. One of the principal painters of the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domus_Aurea" title="Domus Aurea">Domus Aurea</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Furius_Dionysius_Philocalus_(chronograph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Furius Dionysius Philocalus (chronograph) (page does not exist)">Furius Dionysius Philocalus</a> (4th century AD), Roman chronograph and painter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pacuvius" title="Pacuvius">Pacuvius</a> (220–130 BC), Roman writer and painter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Studius_(painter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Studius (painter)">Studius</a> (1st century BC and 1st century AD), Roman painter of the Augustan period</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Middle_Ages_3">Middle Ages</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Middle Ages">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_painters" title="Category:Italian painters">Category:Italian painters</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Altichiero" title="Altichiero">Altichiero</a> (c. 1330 – c. 1390), painter who was the effective founder of the Veronese school and perhaps the most significant northern Italian artist of the 14th century<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bonaventura_Berlinghieri" title="Bonaventura Berlinghieri">Bonaventura Berlinghieri</a> (<i>fl.</i> 1235–1244), painter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic period</a>. His most celebrated work is <i>St. Francis of Assisi</i> (1235); one of the earliest icons of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Saint</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Cavallini" title="Pietro Cavallini">Pietro Cavallini</a> (c. 1250 – c. 1330), painter and mosaicist. His surviving works are frescoes in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Cecilia_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Cecilia in Trastevere">Santa Cecilia in Trastevere</a> and in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_Donna_Regina_Vecchia" title="Santa Maria Donna Regina Vecchia">Santa Maria Donna Regina Vecchia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue">Cimabue</a> (before 1251–1302), painter and mosaicist. Among his works may be cited the <i>Sta. Trinità Madonna</i> (c. 1290) and the <i>Madonna Enthroned with St. Francis</i> (c. 1290 – 95)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coppo_di_Marcovaldo" title="Coppo di Marcovaldo">Coppo di Marcovaldo</a> (<i>fl.</i> 1260–1276), painter, one of the earliest about whom there is a body of documented knowledge. His one signed work is the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madonna_del_Bordone" title="Madonna del Bordone">Madonna del Bordone</a></i> (1261)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernardo_Daddi" title="Bernardo Daddi">Bernardo Daddi</a> (c. 1280 – 1348), painter, the outstanding painter in Florence in the period after the death of Giotto (who was possibly his teacher)<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duccio" title="Duccio">Duccio</a> (<i>fl.</i> 1278–1319), painter. Founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sienese_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Sienese school">Sienese school</a>. His most celebrated work is a large altar called the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maest%C3%A0_(Duccio)" title="Maestà (Duccio)">Maestà</a></i> (1308–1311) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siena_Cathedral" title="Siena Cathedral">Siena cathedral</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taddeo_Gaddi" title="Taddeo Gaddi">Taddeo Gaddi</a> (c. 1300 – 1366), painter and architect, known for the fresco series <i>Life of the Virgin</i> (completed in 1338)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giottino" title="Giottino">Giottino</a> (<i>fl.</i> 1324–1369), painter of the school of Giotto. He has been credited with frescoes in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basilica_of_Santa_Croce,_Florence" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence">Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence</a>, and in the Lower <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Francesco_d%27Assisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi">Church of St. Francis</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giotto_di_Bondone" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto di Bondone">Giotto di Bondone</a> (1266/7–1337), painter, the first of the great Italian masters.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></sup> His work includes cycles of frescoes in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arena_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="Arena Chapel">Arena Chapel</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Church_of_Santa_Croce" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Santa Croce">Church of Santa Croce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guido_of_Siena" title="Guido of Siena">Guido of Siena</a> (13th century), painter. One of the innovators in Italian art after the dominance of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine style</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti" title="Ambrogio Lorenzetti">Ambrogio Lorenzetti</a> (c. 1290 – 1348), painter of the Sienese school. Known for the cycle of frescoes (1337–39) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Pubblico" title="Palazzo Pubblico">Palazzo Pubblico</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Lorenzetti" title="Pietro Lorenzetti">Pietro Lorenzetti</a> (c. 1280 – 1348), painter of the Sienese school. His <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nativity_of_the_Virgin_(Pietro_Lorenzetti)" title="Nativity of the Virgin (Pietro Lorenzetti)">Nativity of the Virgin</a></i> (c. 1335 – 1342), is notable for his handling of perspective</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simone_Martini" title="Simone Martini">Simone Martini</a> (c. 1284 – 1344), painter, important exponent of Gothic art. Among his works may be cited the <i>Maestà</i> fresco (1315) and <i>Annunciation and two Saints</i> (1333)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lippo_Memmi" title="Lippo Memmi">Lippo Memmi</a> (c. 1291 – 1356), painter from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>. One of the artists who worked at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orvieto_Cathedral" title="Orvieto Cathedral">Orvieto Cathedral</a>, for which he finished the <i>Madonna dei Raccomandati</i> (c. 1320)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orcagna" title="Orcagna">Orcagna</a> (c. 1308 – 1368), painter, sculptor and architect. He was one of the leading artists of his day<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Veneziano" title="Paolo Veneziano">Paolo Veneziano</a> (<i>fl.</i> 1333–1358), painter and possibly illuminator. He was by far the most prolific and influential Venetian painter of the early 14th century<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giunta_Pisano" title="Giunta Pisano">Giunta Pisano</a> (<i>fl.</i> 1236–1255),<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></sup> painter. Three large <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">Crucifixions</a> are ascribed to the same master, whose signature can be traced on them</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piero_da_Rimini" title="Piero da Rimini">Piero da Rimini</a>, early 14th century, painter.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Torriti" title="Jacopo Torriti">Jacopo Torriti</a> (<i>fl.</i> 1270–1300), painter and mosaicist. His work is now known only from two highly prominent signed apse <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a> in the basilicas of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._John_Lateran" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John Lateran">St. John Lateran</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maggiore" title="Santa Maria Maggiore">Santa Maria Maggiore</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Renaissance_and_Mannerism">Renaissance and Mannerism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Renaissance and Mannerism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mariotto_Albertinelli" title="Mariotto Albertinelli">Mariotto Albertinelli</a> (1474–1515), painter, known for <i>The Visitation</i> (1503) and <i>The Annunciation</i> (1510)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Allori" title="Alessandro Allori">Alessandro Allori</a> (1535–1607), painter. His varied output included altarpieces, portraits, and tapestry designs. The <i>Pearl Fishing</i> (1570–1572) is generally considered his masterpiece</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_del_Castagno" title="Andrea del Castagno">Andrea del Castagno</a> (c. 1421 – 1457), painter in the early Florentine Renaissance. Known for a series of monumental frescoes depicting the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_del_Sarto" title="Andrea del Sarto">Andrea del Sarto</a> (1486–1530), painter. His most striking among other well-known works is the series of frescoes on the life of St. John the Baptist in the Chiostro dello Scalzo (c. 1515 – 1526)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_del_Verrocchio" title="Andrea del Verrocchio">Andrea del Verrocchio</a> (c. 1435 – 1488), sculptor and painter. Among his principal paintings are <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Baptism_of_Christ_(Verrocchio)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Baptism of Christ (Verrocchio)">Baptism of Christ</a></i> (1472–1475) and several versions of the Madonna and Child</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sofonisba_Anguissola" title="Sofonisba Anguissola">Sofonisba Anguissola</a> (c. 1535 – 1625), painter, mainly of portraits, the first woman artist to win international renown<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonello_da_Messina" title="Antonello da Messina">Antonello da Messina</a> (c. 1430 – 1479), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicilian</a> painter. Major works were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">altarpieces</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">portraits</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_da_Correggio" title="Antonio da Correggio">Antonio da Correggio</a> (1489–1534), painter, known for the frescoes in the domes of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Giovanni_Evangelista,_Parma" title="San Giovanni Evangelista, Parma">San Giovanni Evangelista</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cathedral_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Parma">Cathedral of Parma</a>, where he worked from 1520 to 1530</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Arcimboldo" title="Giuseppe Arcimboldo">Giuseppe Arcimboldo</a> (1527–1593), painter, famous for his allegorical or symbolical compositions in which he arranged objects such as fruits and vegetables into the form of the human face</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alesso_Baldovinetti" title="Alesso Baldovinetti">Alesso Baldovinetti</a> (1425–1499), painter. He contributed importantly to the fledgling art of landscape painting<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_de%27_Barbari" title="Jacopo de' Barbari">Jacopo de' Barbari</a> (c. 1440–before 1516), painter and printmaker. His few surviving paintings (about twelve) include the first known example of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">trompe-l'œil</a></i> since antiquity</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federico_Barocci" title="Federico Barocci">Federico Barocci</a> (c. 1526 – 1612), leading painter of the central Italian school in the last decades of the 16th century and an important precursor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baroque_painting" title="Baroque painting">Baroque style</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Bassano" title="Jacopo Bassano">Jacopo Bassano</a> (c. 1510 – 1592), painter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venetian_school_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian school (art)">Venetian school</a>, known for his religious paintings, lush landscapes, and scenes of everyday life</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_di_Pace_Beccafumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Domenico di Pace Beccafumi">Domenico di Pace Beccafumi</a> (1486–1551), painter, sculptor, draughtsman, printmaker and illuminator. He was one of the protagonists of Tuscan Mannerism<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gentile_Bellini" title="Gentile Bellini">Gentile Bellini</a> (c. 1429 – 1507), painter, member of the founding family of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venetian_school_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian school (art)">Venetian school</a> of Renaissance painting, known for his portraiture and his scenes of Venice</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Bellini" title="Giovanni Bellini">Giovanni Bellini</a> (c. 1430 – 1516), painter. Among his works may be cited <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Francis_in_Ecstasy_(Bellini)" title="St. Francis in Ecstasy (Bellini)">St. Francis in Ecstasy</a></i> (c. 1480) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portrait_of_Doge_Leonardo_Loredan" title="Portrait of Doge Leonardo Loredan">Portrait of Doge Leonardo Loredan</a></i> (1501)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Bellini" title="Jacopo Bellini">Jacopo Bellini</a> (c. 1400 – c. 1470), painter who introduced the principles of Florentine early <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance art</a> into Venice<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ambrogio_Bergognone" title="Ambrogio Bergognone">Ambrogio Bergognone</a> (c. 1470 – 1523/1524), painter. His most important works are the frescoes in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Certosa_di_Pavia" title="Certosa di Pavia">Certosa di Pavia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boccaccio_Boccaccino" title="Boccaccio Boccaccino">Boccaccio Boccaccino</a> (c. 1467 – c. 1525), painter. His most impressive work is the fresco cycle of the <i>Life of the Virgin</i> along the nave in the cathedral at Cremona</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Boltraffio" title="Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio">Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio</a> (1466/1467–1516), painter. He was a pupil of Leonardo da Vinci, whose style he adhered to faithfully</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paris_Bordone" title="Paris Bordone">Paris Bordone</a> (1500–1571), painter of religious, mythological, and anecdotal subjects, known for his striking sexualized paintings of women</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli" title="Sandro Botticelli">Sandro Botticelli</a> (c. 1445 – 1510), painter of the Florentine school. The <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Primavera_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Primavera (painting)">Primavera</a></i> (c. 1482) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Birth_of_Venus_(Botticelli)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Birth of Venus (Botticelli)">The Birth of Venus</a></i> (c. 1486) rank now among the most familiar masterpieces of Florentine art</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Botticini" title="Francesco Botticini">Francesco Botticini</a> (1446–1498), painter profoundly influenced by Castagno; worked under and was formed by Cosimo Rosselli and Verrocchio</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bramantino" title="Bramantino">Bramantino</a> (c. 1456 – c. 1530), painter and architect, a follower of Bramante, from whom he takes his nickname</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bronzino" title="Bronzino">Bronzino</a> (1503–1572), painter. He is noted chiefly for his stylized portraits. Of his religious works, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deposition_of_Christ_(Bronzino)" title="Deposition of Christ (Bronzino)">Deposition of Christ</a></i> (1540–1545) is the most famous</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luca_Cambiasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Luca Cambiasi">Luca Cambiasi</a> (1527–1585), painter and draughtsman. He was the outstanding Genoese painter of the 16th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vittore_Carpaccio" title="Vittore Carpaccio">Vittore Carpaccio</a> (c. 1460 – 1525/1526), painter active in Venice, known for the cycle depicting the life of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Ursula" title="Saint Ursula">Saint Ursula</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> series</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cennino_Cennini" title="Cennino Cennini">Cennino Cennini</a> (c. 1370 – c. 1440), painter, known for writing <i>Il libro dell'arte</i> (1437), source on the methods, techniques, and attitudes of medieval artists<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cigoli" title="Cigoli">Cigoli</a> (1559–1613), painter, draughtsman, architect and scenographer. He was one of the most influential artists in 17th-century Florence<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cima_da_Conegliano" title="Cima da Conegliano">Cima da Conegliano</a> (c. 1459 – c. 1517), painter of the Venetian school whose style was marked by its use of landscape and by airy, luminous colour</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Antonio_Colantonio" title="Niccolò Antonio Colantonio">Niccolò Antonio Colantonio</a> (<i>fl.</i> 1440–1470), painter, based in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, where he painted religious paintings in a style marked by Flemish influence</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_del_Cossa" title="Francesco del Cossa">Francesco del Cossa</a> (c. 1430 – c. 1477), painter of the Ferrarese school, best known works are the frescoes in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Schifanoia" title="Palazzo Schifanoia">Palazzo Schifanoia</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a> (probably commissioned in 1469)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_Costa" title="Lorenzo Costa">Lorenzo Costa</a> (1460–1535), painter of the Ferrarese and Bolognese schools, known for his painting the <i>Madonna and Child with the Bentivoglio family</i> (1483)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Crivelli" title="Carlo Crivelli">Carlo Crivelli</a> (c. 1435 – c. 1495), painter. All his works were of religious subjects, done in an elaborate, old-fashioned style reminiscent of the linearism of Andrea Mantegna</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniele_da_Volterra" title="Daniele da Volterra">Daniele da Volterra</a> (c. 1509 – 1566), painter and sculptor, noted for his finely drawn, highly idealized figures done in the style of Michelangelo</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ercole_de%27_Roberti" title="Ercole de' Roberti">Ercole de' Roberti</a> (c. 1451 – 1496), painter. His dynamic figurative compositions are marked by an exceptional intensity of feeling</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_de%27_Rossi_(Il_Salviati)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco de' Rossi (Il Salviati)">Francesco de' Rossi</a> (1510–1563), painter and designer, one of the leading Mannerist fresco painters of the Florentine-Roman school<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_dell%27Abbate" title="Niccolò dell'Abbate">Niccolò dell'Abbate</a> (1509 or 1512–1571), painter and decorator. He is credited with introducing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">landscape painting</a> in France</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dosso_Dossi" title="Dosso Dossi">Dosso Dossi</a> (c. 1490 – 1542), painter and leader of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/School_of_Ferrara_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Ferrara (painting)">Ferrarese school</a> in the 16th century<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaudenzio_Ferrari" title="Gaudenzio Ferrari">Gaudenzio Ferrari</a> (c. 1471 – 1546), painter and sculptor, one of the leading representatives of the Lombard school</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosso_Fiorentino" title="Rosso Fiorentino">Rosso Fiorentino</a> (1494–1540), painter. His masterpiece is generally considered to be the <i>Deposition</i> or <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">Descent from the Cross</a></i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">altarpiece</a> in the Pinacoteca Comunale di <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Volterra" title="Volterra">Volterra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lavinia_Fontana" title="Lavinia Fontana">Lavinia Fontana</a> (1552–1614), painter. She was one of the first women painters in European history to have enjoyed professional success<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prospero_Fontana" title="Prospero Fontana">Prospero Fontana</a> (1512–1597), painter, father of Lavinia Fontana. One of the leading painters in Bologna</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Foppa" title="Vincenzo Foppa">Vincenzo Foppa</a> (c. 1430 – c. 1515), painter, leading figure in 15th-century Lombard art<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fra_Angelico" title="Fra Angelico">Fra Angelico</a> (c. 1395 – 1455), painter. His best-known works are frescoes at the monastery of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Marco,_Florence" title="San Marco, Florence">San Marco, Florence</a>, and in the chapel of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V" title="Pope Nicholas V">Pope Nicholas V</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fra_Bartolomeo" title="Fra Bartolomeo">Fra Bartolomeo</a> (1472–1517), painter, a leading figure of the High Renaissance. Noted for his austere religious works</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franciabigio" title="Franciabigio">Franciabigio</a> (1482–1525), painter, known for his portraits and religious paintings</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agnolo_Gaddi" title="Agnolo Gaddi">Agnolo Gaddi</a> (c. 1350 – 1396), painter. He was an influential and prolific artist who was the last major Florentine painter stylistically descended from Giotto<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fede_Galizia" title="Fede Galizia">Fede Galizia</a> (1578–1630), painter, one of the earliest <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">still life</a> painters in Italy, who was also known for miniature portraits, landscapes, and religious subjects</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gentile_da_Fabriano" title="Gentile da Fabriano">Gentile da Fabriano</a> (c. 1370 – 1427), painter, one of the outstanding exponents of the elegant <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">international Gothic</a> style<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Ghirlandaio" title="Domenico Ghirlandaio">Domenico Ghirlandaio</a> (1449–1494), painter. His most famous achievement is his fresco cycle of the life of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Mary</a> and St. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> for the choir of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_Novella" title="Santa Maria Novella">Santa Maria Novella</a> (1485–1490)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ridolfo_Ghirlandaio" title="Ridolfo Ghirlandaio">Ridolfo Ghirlandaio</a> (1483–1561), painter. He was the son of Domenico Ghirlandaio, and was trained in his father's workshop</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgione" title="Giorgione">Giorgione</a> (c. 1477/8–1510), painter of the Venetian school. His <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Tempest_(Giorgione)" title="The Tempest (Giorgione)">The Tempest</a></i> (c. 1508), a milestone in Renaissance landscape painting</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_da_Udine" title="Giovanni da Udine">Giovanni da Udine</a> (1487–1564), painter and architect. A pupil of Raphael and one of his assistants in painting the frescoes of the Vatican</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_di_Paolo" title="Giovanni di Paolo">Giovanni di Paolo</a> (c. 1403 – 1482), painter. One of the most attractive and idiosyncratic painters of the Sienese School</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stefano_di_Giovanni" title="Stefano di Giovanni">Stefano di Giovanni</a> (c. 1400 – 1450), painter of the Sienese school, is noted for the gentle piety of his art</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benozzo_Gozzoli" title="Benozzo Gozzoli">Benozzo Gozzoli</a> (c. 1421 – 1497), painter. He is famous for his numerous frescos, such as <i>The Journey of the Magi to Bethlehem</i> (1459–1461) in the Medici Palace, Florence</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> (1452–1519), painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer and scientist. The supreme example of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Genius" title="Genius">genius</a>. Author of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mona_Lisa" title="Mona Lisa">Mona Lisa</a></i> (c. 1503 – 1506)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filippino_Lippi" title="Filippino Lippi">Filippino Lippi</a> (c. 1457 – 1504), painter. His most popular painting is the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apparition_of_the_Virgin_to_St_Bernard_(Filippino_Lippi)" title="Apparition of the Virgin to St Bernard (Filippino Lippi)">Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard</a></i> altarpiece (1480)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filippo_Lippi" title="Filippo Lippi">Filippo Lippi</a> (c. 1406 – 1469), painter. His finest fresco cycle is in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prato_cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Prato cathedral">Prato cathedral</a> and depicts the lives of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Stephen" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Stephen">St. Stephen</a> and St. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gian_Paolo_Lomazzo" title="Gian Paolo Lomazzo">Gian Paolo Lomazzo</a> (1538–1592), painter. His first work, <i>Trattato dell'arte della pittura, scoltura et architettura</i> (1584) is in part a guide to contemporary concepts of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decorum" title="Decorum">decorum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_di_Credi" title="Lorenzo di Credi">Lorenzo di Credi</a> (1459–1537), painter and sculptor. Examples of his art are the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Lorenzo_di_Credi_001.jpg" title="File:Lorenzo di Credi 001.jpg">Madonna with Child and Two Saints</a></i> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Lorenco_di_Credi-Adoration.jpg" title="File:Lorenco di Credi-Adoration.jpg">Adoration</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_Monaco" title="Lorenzo Monaco">Lorenzo Monaco</a> (c. 1370 – c. 1425), painter, one of the leading artists in Florence at the beginning of the 15th century<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_Lotto" title="Lorenzo Lotto">Lorenzo Lotto</a> (c. 1480 – 1556), painter known for his perceptive portraits and mystical paintings of religious subjects</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernardino_Luini" title="Bernardino Luini">Bernardino Luini</a> (c. 1480/1482–1532), painter, known for his mythological and religious frescoes</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Mantegna" title="Andrea Mantegna">Andrea Mantegna</a> (c. 1431 – 1506), painter. His most important works were nine tempera pictures of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Triumph_of_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Triumph of Caesar">Triumph of Caesar</a></i> (c. 1486) and his decoration of the ceiling of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Camera_degli_Sposi" title="Camera degli Sposi">Camera degli Sposi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Masaccio" title="Masaccio">Masaccio</a> (1401–1428), painter. His most famous works are the frescoes in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brancacci_Chapel" title="Brancacci Chapel">Brancacci Chapel</a> and in the church of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Carmine,_Florence" title="Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence">Santa Maria del Carmine</a>, in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Masolino_da_Panicale" title="Masolino da Panicale">Masolino da Panicale</a> (c. 1383 – c. 1447), painter of the Florentine school. He collaborated with Masaccio, in a cycle of frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel in Santa Maria del Carmine, in Florence</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melozzo_da_Forl%C3%AC" title="Melozzo da Forlì">Melozzo da Forlì</a> (c. 1438 – 1494), painter of the Umbrian school. One of the great fresco artists of the 15th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> (1475–1564), sculptor, painter, architect and poet who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Western art">Western art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></sup> Author of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam" title="The Creation of Adam">The Creation of Adam</a></i> (c. 1511)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moretto_da_Brescia" title="Moretto da Brescia">Moretto da Brescia</a> (c. 1498 – 1554), painter. Together with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romanino" title="Romanino">Romanino</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Girolamo_Savoldo" title="Girolamo Savoldo">Girolamo Savoldo</a>, he was one of the most distinguished painters of Brescia of the 16th century<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Moroni" title="Giovanni Battista Moroni">Giovanni Battista Moroni</a> (c. 1520/1524–1578), painter. He was known for his sober and dignified portraits</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palma_Giovane" class="mw-redirect" title="Palma Giovane">Palma Giovane</a> (1548/1550–1628), painter. The leading Venetian painter and draftsman of the late 16th and early 17th centuries</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palma_Vecchio" title="Palma Vecchio">Palma Vecchio</a> (c. 1480 – 1528), painter of the High Renaissance, noted for the craftsmanship of his religious and mythological works</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parmigianino" title="Parmigianino">Parmigianino</a> (1503–1540), painter, one of the first artists to develop the elegant and sophisticated version of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mannerist_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannerist style">Mannerist style</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Perino_del_Vaga" title="Perino del Vaga">Perino del Vaga</a> (1501–1547), painter. A pupil and assistant of Raphael Sanzio in Rome, he carried out decorations in the Logge of the Vatican from Raphael's designs</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Pesellino" title="Francesco Pesellino">Francesco Pesellino</a> (1422–1457), painter of the Florentine school who excelled in the execution of small-scale paintings</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca" title="Piero della Francesca">Piero della Francesca</a> (c. 1415 – 1492), painter and mathematician. His most famous cycle, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_History_of_the_True_Cross" title="The History of the True Cross">The History of the True Cross</a></i> (1452–1466), depicts scenes from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golden_Legend" title="Golden Legend">Golden Legend</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piero_di_Cosimo" title="Piero di Cosimo">Piero di Cosimo</a> (1462–1521), painter noted for his eccentric character and his fanciful mythological paintings<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Perugino" title="Pietro Perugino">Pietro Perugino</a> (1446–1524), painter. One of his most famous masterpieces is <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Perugino_Keys.jpg" title="File:Perugino Keys.jpg">The Delivery of the Keys</a></i> (1481–1482), in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pinturicchio" title="Pinturicchio">Pinturicchio</a> (1454–1513), painter, known for his highly decorative frescoes. His most elaborate project was the decoration of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cathedral_of_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Siena">Cathedral of Siena</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pisanello" title="Pisanello">Pisanello</a> (c. 1395 – 1455), medalist and painter. He is regarded as the foremost exponent of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">International Gothic</a> style in Italian painting<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polidoro_da_Caravaggio" title="Polidoro da Caravaggio">Polidoro da Caravaggio</a> (c. 1499 – 1543), painter. One of the most original and innovative artists of the mid-16th century<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_del_Pollaiolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio del Pollaiolo">Antonio del Pollaiolo</a> (1429/1433–1498), painter, sculptor, goldsmith, and engraver, was a master of anatomical rendering and excelled in action subjects, notably <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mythologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythologies">mythologies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pontormo" title="Pontormo">Pontormo</a> (1494–1557), painter. He is thought to have painted <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vertumnus_and_Pomona_(Pontormo)" title="Vertumnus and Pomona (Pontormo)">Vertumnus and Pomona</a></i> (1520–1521), which shows qualities characteristic of mannerism</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Il_Pordenone" title="Il Pordenone">Il Pordenone</a> (c. 1484 – 1539), painter chiefly known for his frescoes of religious subjects</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Primaticcio" title="Francesco Primaticcio">Francesco Primaticcio</a> (1504–1570), painter, architect, sculptor, and leader of the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/School_of_Fontainebleau" title="School of Fontainebleau">school of Fontainebleau</a><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Raibolini" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Raibolini">Francesco Raibolini</a> (c. 1450 – 1517), painter, goldsmith and medallist. His major surviving paintings are altarpieces, mostly images of the Virgin and saints</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> (1483–1520), painter and architect, expressed the ideals of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a>, known for his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madonna_(art)" title="Madonna (art)">Madonnas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulio_Romano" title="Giulio Romano">Giulio Romano</a> (c. 1499 – 1546), painter and architect. Well-known oils include <i>The Stoning of St. Stephen</i> (Church of Santo Stefano, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>) and <i>Adoration of the Magi</i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="The Louvre">Louvre</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cosimo_Rosselli" title="Cosimo Rosselli">Cosimo Rosselli</a> (1439–1507), painter. Of his many works in Florence the most famous is <i>The Miracle-working Chalice</i> in Sant' Ambrogio, a work that includes many contemporary portraits<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Schiavone" title="Andrea Schiavone">Andrea Schiavone</a> (c. 1510/15–1563), painter and etcher. His most characteristic works were fairly small religious or mythological pictures for private patrons</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sebastiano_del_Piombo" title="Sebastiano del Piombo">Sebastiano del Piombo</a> (c. 1485 – 1547), painter of the Venetian School, known for his portraits, including his portrayal of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a> (1526)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luca_Signorelli" title="Luca Signorelli">Luca Signorelli</a> (c. 1445 – 1523), painter, known for his nudes and for his novel compositional devices. His masterpiece is the fresco cycle in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orvieto_Cathedral" title="Orvieto Cathedral">Orvieto Cathedral</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Il_Sodoma" title="Il Sodoma">Il Sodoma</a> (1477–1549), painter, a master of the human figure and leading pupil of Leonardo da Vinci</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Squarcione" title="Francesco Squarcione">Francesco Squarcione</a> (c. 1395 – after 1468), painter who founded the Paduan school and is known for being the teacher of Andrea Mantegna and other noteworthy painters<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taddeo_di_Bartolo" title="Taddeo di Bartolo">Taddeo di Bartolo</a> (c. 1362 – 1422), painter. He was the leading painter in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a> in the first two decades of the 15th century and also worked in and for other cities<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Tempesta" title="Antonio Tempesta">Antonio Tempesta</a> (1555–1630), painter and engraver from Florence who specialised in pastoral scenes</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pellegrino_Tibaldi" title="Pellegrino Tibaldi">Pellegrino Tibaldi</a> (1527–1596), painter, sculptor, and architect who spread the style of Italian Mannerist painting in Spain during the late 16th century<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tintoretto" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a> (1518–1594), painter of the Venetian school. One of the most important artists of the late Renaissance. His works include <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._George_and_the_Dragon#Treatment_by_artists" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George and the Dragon">St. George and the Dragon</a></i> (1555)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a> (c. 1488/1490–1576), painter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venetian_school_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian school (art)">Venetian school</a>, noted for his religious and mythological works, such as <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bacchus_and_Ariadne" title="Bacchus and Ariadne">Bacchus and Ariadne</a></i> (1520–1523), and his portraits</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cosimo_Tura" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo Tura">Cosimo Tura</a> (c. 1430 – 1495), painter who was the founder and the first significant figure of the 15th-century school of Ferrara<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Uccello" title="Paolo Uccello">Paolo Uccello</a> (1397–1475), painter. His three panels depicting <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Battle_of_San_Romano" title="The Battle of San Romano">The Battle of San Romano</a></i> (1438), combine the decorative late Gothic style with the new heroic style of the early Renaissance</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolomeo_Veneto" title="Bartolomeo Veneto">Bartolomeo Veneto</a> (<i>fl.</i> 1502–1546), painter who worked in Northern Italy in an area bounded by Venice and Milan</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Veneziano" title="Domenico Veneziano">Domenico Veneziano</a> (c. 1410 – 1461), painter. In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> he created his most celebrated work, the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Domenico_Veneziano_002.jpg" title="File:Domenico Veneziano 002.jpg">St. Lucy Altarpiece</a></i> (c. 1445 – 1447)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Veronese" title="Paolo Veronese">Paolo Veronese</a> (1528–1588), painter of the Venetian school, famous for paintings such as <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Wedding_at_Cana" title="The Wedding at Cana">The Wedding at Cana</a></i> (1563) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Feast_in_the_House_of_Levi" title="The Feast in the House of Levi">The Feast in the House of Levi</a></i> (1573)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alvise_Vivarini" title="Alvise Vivarini">Alvise Vivarini</a> (1442/1453–1503/1505), painter in the late Gothic style whose father, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Vivarini" title="Antonio Vivarini">Antonio</a>, was the founder of the influential Vivarini family of Venetian artists</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolomeo_Vivarini" title="Bartolomeo Vivarini">Bartolomeo Vivarini</a> (c. 1432 – c. 1499), painter and member of the influential Vivarini family of Venetian artists</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Zabolino" title="Jacopo Zabolino">Jacopo Zabolino</a> (active 1461–1494) painter of frescoes of a mainly religious theme</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federico_Zuccari" title="Federico Zuccari">Federico Zuccari</a> (c. 1540/1541–1609), painter and architect. He was the author of <i>L'idea de' Pittori, Scultori, ed Architetti</i> (1607)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taddeo_Zuccari" title="Taddeo Zuccari">Taddeo Zuccari</a> (1529–1566), painter. One of the most popular members of the Roman mannerist school</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Baroque_and_Rococo">Baroque and Rococo</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Baroque and Rococo">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Albani" title="Francesco Albani">Francesco Albani</a> (1578–1660), painter, known for paintings of mythological and poetic subjects</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Alberelli" title="Giacomo Alberelli">Giacomo Alberelli</a> (1600–1650), painter, pupil of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Palma_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacopo Palma the Younger">Jacopo Palma the Younger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cristofano_Allori" title="Cristofano Allori">Cristofano Allori</a> (1577–1621), painter. He became one of the foremost Florentine artists of the early Baroque period, also winning renown as a courtier, poet, musician and lover<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Amigoni" title="Jacopo Amigoni">Jacopo Amigoni</a> (1682–1752), painter and etcher. His oeuvre includes decorative frescoes for churches and palaces, history and mythological paintings and a few etchings</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonardo_dell%27Arca" title="Leonardo dell'Arca">Leonardo dell'Arca</a> (active c. 1600), engraver. His work is held permanently at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcello_Bacciarelli" title="Marcello Bacciarelli">Marcello Bacciarelli</a> (1731–1818), painter working at the royal court in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, who captured seminal moments in Polish history on canvas</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sisto_Badalocchio" title="Sisto Badalocchio">Sisto Badalocchio</a> (1585 – c. 1647), painter and engraver. His most important work are the frescoes in the cupola and pendentives of St. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> (Reggio Emilia)<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompeo_Batoni" title="Pompeo Batoni">Pompeo Batoni</a> (1708–1787), painter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernardo_Bellotto" title="Bernardo Bellotto">Bernardo Bellotto</a> (1720–1780), painter of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vedute" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedute">vedute</a> ("view paintings")</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guido_Cagnacci" title="Guido Cagnacci">Guido Cagnacci</a> (1601–1663), painter. Particularly noteworthy are his altarpieces of the <i>Virgin and Child with Three Carmelite Saints</i> (c. 1631) and <i>Christ with Saints Joseph and Eligius</i> (1635)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canaletto" title="Canaletto">Canaletto</a> (1697–1768), painter and etcher, noted particularly for his highly detailed paintings of cities, esp <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, which are marked by strong contrasts of light and shade</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battistello_Caracciolo" title="Battistello Caracciolo">Battistello Caracciolo</a> (1578–1635), painter. Caravaggesque painter and the founder of Neapolitan Caravaggism<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a> (1571–1610), painter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">baroque</a> whose influential works, such as <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Entombment_of_Christ_(Caravaggio)" title="The Entombment of Christ (Caravaggio)">The Entombment of Christ</a></i> (1602–1603), are marked by intense realism and revolutionary use of light</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Annibale_Carracci" title="Annibale Carracci">Annibale Carracci</a> (1560–1609), painter. Well known among his numerous works are <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Beaneater" title="The Beaneater">The Beaneater</a></i> (1580–1590), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Choice_of_Hercules_(Carracci)" title="The Choice of Hercules (Carracci)">The Choice of Hercules</a></i> (1596) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domine_quo_vadis%3F_(Annibale_Carracci)" class="mw-redirect" title="Domine quo vadis? (Annibale Carracci)">Domine quo vadis?</a> </i> (c. 1603)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ludovico_Carracci" title="Ludovico Carracci">Ludovico Carracci</a> (1555–1619), painter, draughtsman and etcher born in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosalba_Carriera" title="Rosalba Carriera">Rosalba Carriera</a> (1675–1757), portrait painter and miniaturist, Rococo style, known for her work in pastels<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Crespi" title="Giuseppe Crespi">Giuseppe Crespi</a> (1665–1747), painter of the Bolognese school, known for the imposing paintings of the <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sacraments_(paintings)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seven Sacraments (paintings) (page does not exist)">Seven Sacraments</a></i> (1712)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Dolci" title="Carlo Dolci">Carlo Dolci</a> (1616–1686), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florentine</a> painter, known for his paintings of the heads and half-figures of Jesus and the Mater Dolorosa</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenichino" title="Domenichino">Domenichino</a> (1581–1641), painter of the baroque eclectic school who is noted for his religious and mythological works, including several frescoes of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Saint Cecilia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Fetti" title="Domenico Fetti">Domenico Fetti</a> (c. 1589 – 1623), painter whose best-known works are small representations of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">biblical parables</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli" title="Giovanni Battista Gaulli">Giovanni Battista Gaulli</a> (1639–1709), painter. He was a celebrated artist of the Roman High Baroque. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Rome-EgliseGesu-Fresque.jpg" title="File:Rome-EgliseGesu-Fresque.jpg">Worship of the Holy Name of Jesus</a></i> (1674–1679) is his most noted work</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artemisia_Gentileschi" title="Artemisia Gentileschi">Artemisia Gentileschi</a> (1593–1653), painter. Among her works may be cited <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Susanna_and_the_Elders_(1610),_Artemisia_Gentileschi.jpg" title="File:Susanna and the Elders (1610), Artemisia Gentileschi.jpg">Susanna and the Elders</a></i> (1610) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:GENTILESCHI_Judith.jpg" title="File:GENTILESCHI Judith.jpg">Judith Slaying Holofernes</a></i> (1614–1620)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orazio_Gentileschi" title="Orazio Gentileschi">Orazio Gentileschi</a> (1563–1639), painter. <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=The_Annunciation_(Gentileschi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Annunciation (Gentileschi) (page does not exist)">The Annunciation</a></i> (1623), painted in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> and now in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galleria_Sabauda" title="Galleria Sabauda">Galleria Sabauda</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, is considered by several authorities his masterpiece</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luca_Giordano" title="Luca Giordano">Luca Giordano</a> (1634–1705), painter, the most important Italian decorative artist of the second half of the 17th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Guardi" title="Francesco Guardi">Francesco Guardi</a> (1712–1793), painter, a follower of Canaletto. His many charming landscapes are in the galleries of London, Paris, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guercino" title="Guercino">Guercino</a> (1591–1666), painter. Extremely skillful, prolific, and quick to finish his work, he was known for his frescoes, altarpieces, oils, and drawings</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Lanfranco" title="Giovanni Lanfranco">Giovanni Lanfranco</a> (1582–1647), painter, one of the foremost artists of the High Baroque. His masterpiece is the <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Assumption_of_the_Virgin_(Lanfranco)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assumption of the Virgin (Lanfranco) (page does not exist)">Assumption of the Virgin</a></i> in the dome of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_della_Valle" title="Sant'Andrea della Valle">Sant'Andrea della Valle</a> (1625–1627)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Longhi" title="Pietro Longhi">Pietro Longhi</a> (1702–1785), painter, known for his small pictures depicting the life of upper-middle-class Venetians of his day</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Magnasco" title="Alessandro Magnasco">Alessandro Magnasco</a> (1667–1749), painter, known for his scenes of disembodied, flame-like figures in stormy landscapes or cavernous interiors</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolomeo_Manfredi" title="Bartolomeo Manfredi">Bartolomeo Manfredi</a> (1582–1622), painter, active mainly in Rome, where he was one of the most important of Caravaggio's followers</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Maratta" title="Carlo Maratta">Carlo Maratta</a> (1625–1713), painter and engraver of the Roman school; one of the last great masters of Baroque classicism</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Novelli" title="Pietro Novelli">Pietro Novelli</a> (1603–1647), painter. Probably the most distinguished Sicilian painter of the 17th century<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Paolo_Panini" title="Giovanni Paolo Panini">Giovanni Paolo Panini</a> (1691–1765), the foremost painter of Roman topography in the 18th century<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Piazzetta" title="Giovanni Battista Piazzetta">Giovanni Battista Piazzetta</a> (1682–1754), painter, illustrator and designer. His most popular work is the celebrated <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Fortune_Teller_(Piazzetta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fortune Teller (Piazzetta) (page does not exist)">Fortune Teller</a></i> (1740)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Pozzo" title="Andrea Pozzo">Andrea Pozzo</a> (1642–1709), painter, a leading exponent of the baroque style. His masterpiece is the nave ceiling of the Church of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sant%27Ignazio" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Ignazio">Sant'Ignazio</a> in Rome</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mattia_Preti" title="Mattia Preti">Mattia Preti</a> (1613–1699), painter, called <i>Il Calabrese</i> for his birthplace. His most substantial undertaking was the decoration of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._John%27s_Co-Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Co-Cathedral">St. John's</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guido_Reni" title="Guido Reni">Guido Reni</a> (1575–1642), painter noted for the classical idealism of his renderings of mythological and religious subjects</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sebastiano_Ricci" title="Sebastiano Ricci">Sebastiano Ricci</a> (1659–1734), painter. He is remembered for his decorative paintings, which mark the transition between the late Baroque and the development of the Rococo style</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvator_Rosa" title="Salvator Rosa">Salvator Rosa</a> (1615–1673), painter, etcher and poet, known for his spirited battle pieces painted in the style of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aniello_Falcone" title="Aniello Falcone">Falcone</a>, for his marines, and especially for his landscapes</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Solimena" title="Francesco Solimena">Francesco Solimena</a> (1657–1747), painter. The leading artist of the Neapolitan Baroque during the first half of the 18th century<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massimo_Stanzione" title="Massimo Stanzione">Massimo Stanzione</a> (c. 1586 – c. 1656), painter. His style has a distinctive refinement and grace that has earned him the nickname "the Neapolitan <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guido_Reni" title="Guido Reni">Guido Reni</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernardo_Strozzi" title="Bernardo Strozzi">Bernardo Strozzi</a> (c. 1581 – 1644), painter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo" title="Giovanni Battista Tiepolo">Giovanni Battista Tiepolo</a> (1696–1770), painter. His frescoes in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Labia" title="Palazzo Labia">Palazzo Labia</a> and the doge's palace won him international fame</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Tiepolo" title="Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo">Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo</a> (1727–1804), painter and printmaker. His most noted early works are the chinoiserie decorations of the Villa Valmarana in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a> (1757)</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_1800s">The 1800s</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: The 1800s">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Abbati" title="Giuseppe Abbati">Giuseppe Abbati</a> (1836–1868), painter of the macchiaioli group</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Appiani" title="Andrea Appiani">Andrea Appiani</a> (1754–1817), fresco painter active in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and a court painter of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Boldini" title="Giovanni Boldini">Giovanni Boldini</a> (1842–1931), painter, one of the most renowned society portraitists of his day. He worked mainly in Paris, where he settled in 1872</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constantino_Brumidi" title="Constantino Brumidi">Constantino Brumidi</a> (1805–1880), Italian-American painter, whose best-known works are his frescoes in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol</a> building, Washington, D.C.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Camuccini" title="Vincenzo Camuccini">Vincenzo Camuccini</a> (1771–1844), painter. His many drawings reveal a fluid technique and lively artistic imagination</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Ciseri" title="Antonio Ciseri">Antonio Ciseri</a> (1821–1891), painter of religious subjects</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_De_Nittis" title="Giuseppe De Nittis">Giuseppe De Nittis</a> (1846–1884), painter, mainly of landscapes and scenes of city life</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Di_Chirico" title="Giacomo Di Chirico">Giacomo Di Chirico</a> (1844–1883), Neapolitan painter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Fattori" title="Giovanni Fattori">Giovanni Fattori</a> (1825–1908), painter; leading figure of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macchiaioli" title="Macchiaioli">macchiaioli</a> school</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teresa_Fioroni-Voigt" title="Teresa Fioroni-Voigt">Teresa Fioroni-Voigt</a> (1799–1880), was a miniaturist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Hayez" title="Francesco Hayez">Francesco Hayez</a> (1791–1882), painter, the leading artist of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> in mid-19th-century <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. His masterpiece is <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Kiss_(Hayez_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kiss (Hayez painting)">The Kiss</a></i> (1859)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cesare_Maccari" title="Cesare Maccari">Cesare Maccari</a> (1840–1919), painter and sculptor, most famous for his fresco at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Madama" title="Palazzo Madama">Palazzo Madama</a> portraying <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Maccari-Cicero.jpg" title="File:Maccari-Cicero.jpg">Cicero revealing Catilina's plot</a></i> (1888)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romualdo_Prati" title="Romualdo Prati">Romualdo Prati</a> (1874–1930), painter, mostly known for portraits. He also worked in Brazil.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Segantini" title="Giovanni Segantini">Giovanni Segantini</a> (1858–1899), painter known for his Alpine landscapes and allegorical pictures, which blended Symbolist content with the technique of Neo-Impressionism</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_1900s_3">The 1900s</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: The 1900s">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Annigoni" title="Pietro Annigoni">Pietro Annigoni</a> (1910–1988), painter (and occasional sculptor), the only artist of his time to become internationally famous as a society and state <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portraitist" class="mw-redirect" title="Portraitist">portraitist</a><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Balla" title="Giacomo Balla">Giacomo Balla</a> (1871–1958), painter, sculptor, stage designer, decorative artist and actor. He was one of the originators of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alziro_Bergonzo" title="Alziro Bergonzo">Alziro Bergonzo</a> (1906–1997), architect and painter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Bianchini" title="Vincenzo Bianchini">Vincenzo Bianchini</a> (1903–2000), painter, sculptor, writer, poet, doctor and philosopher</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Umberto Boccioni</a> (1882–1916), painter, sculptor and theorist. His painting <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_City_Rises" title="The City Rises">The City Rises</a></i> (1910) is a dynamic composition of swirling human figures in a fragmented crowd scene</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberto_Burri" title="Alberto Burri">Alberto Burri</a> (1915–1995), painter and sculptor. He was one of the first artists to exploit the evocative force of waste materials, looking forward to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trash_art#Trash_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Trash art">Trash art</a> in America and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a> in Italy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldo_Carpi" title="Aldo Carpi">Aldo Carpi</a> (1886–1973), rector of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brera_Academy" title="Brera Academy">Brera Academy</a> and author of a collection of memoirs concerning his imprisonment in the infamous <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauthausen-Gusen_concentration_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp">Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Carr%C3%A0" title="Carlo Carrà">Carlo Carrà</a> (1881–1966), painter, known for his still lifes in the style of Metaphysical painting</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruno_Caruso" title="Bruno Caruso">Bruno Caruso</a> (1927–2018), painter, illustrator and political activist. He was a celebrated Italian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_Realist" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Realist">Social Realist</a> and member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealism</a> movement.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicoletta_Ceccoli" title="Nicoletta Ceccoli">Nicoletta Ceccoli</a> (born 1973), children's book illustrator</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Clemente" title="Francesco Clemente">Francesco Clemente</a> (born 1952), painter and draftsman whose dramatic figural imagery was a major component in the revitalization of Italian art beginning in the 1980s</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enzo_Cucchi" title="Enzo Cucchi">Enzo Cucchi</a> (born 1949), painter, draughtsman and sculptor. He was a key member of the Italian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transavantgarde" title="Transavantgarde">Transavantgarde</a> movement</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Giorgio de Chirico</a> (1888–1978), painter, founder of the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metaphysical_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaphysical art">scuola metafisica</a></i> art movement</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Annalaura_di_Luggo" title="Annalaura di Luggo">Annalaura di Luggo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lazzaro_Donati" title="Lazzaro Donati">Lazzaro Donati</a> (1926–1977), painter. Born in Florence and attended the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Accademia_di_Belle_Arti_di_Firenze" title="Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze">Academy of Fine Arts</a>. He began to paint in 1953, and in 1955 held his first exhibition at the Indiano Gallery in Florence.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucio_Fontana" title="Lucio Fontana">Lucio Fontana</a> (1899–1968), painter, sculptor and theorist, founder of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a>, noted for gashed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monochrome_painting" title="Monochrome painting">monochrome paintings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renato_Guttuso" title="Renato Guttuso">Renato Guttuso</a> (1911–1987), painter. He was a forceful personality and Italy's leading exponent of Social realism in the 20th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piero_Manzoni" title="Piero Manzoni">Piero Manzoni</a> (1933–1963), artist. He is regarded as one of the forerunners of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Amedeo Modigliani</a> (1884–1920), painter and sculptor whose portraits and nudes, characterized by asymmetrical compositions, are among the most important portraits of the 20th century<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgio_Morandi" title="Giorgio Morandi">Giorgio Morandi</a> (1890–1964), painter and etcher. He is widely acknowledged as a major Italian painter of the 20th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Pellizza_da_Volpedo" title="Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo">Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo</a> (1868–1907), painter. His most famous work is <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Fourth_Estate_(painting)" title="The Fourth Estate (painting)">The Fourth Estate</a></i> (1901); a symbol of the 20th</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Pelliccioli" title="Giovanni Pelliccioli">Giovanni Pelliccioli</a> (born 1947), surrealist painter. In 1993 he created a new form in the world of the artistic painting – the "triangle"</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Luigi Russolo</a> (1885–1947), painter. One of the five signers of the basic 1910 "Manifesto of Futurist Painting" before switching his attention to music</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emilio_Scanavino" title="Emilio Scanavino">Emilio Scanavino</a> (1922–1986), painter and sculptor. One of the most important protagonists of the Spatialist movement in Italy<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gino_Severini" title="Gino Severini">Gino Severini</a> (1883–1966), painter who synthesized the styles of Futurism and Cubism</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Sironi" title="Mario Sironi">Mario Sironi</a> (1885–1961), painter, sculptor, illustrator and designer. He was the leading artist of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Novecento_Italiano" title="Novecento Italiano">Novecento Italiano</a> group in the 1920s, developing a muscular, monumental figurative style</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Diego_Voci" title="Antonio Diego Voci">Antonio Diego Voci</a> (1920–1985), painter. Born in Gasperina, Calabria, Italy. Artist of a Thousand Faces. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a> Italian</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sergio_Zanni" title="Sergio Zanni">Sergio Zanni</a> (born 1942), painter and sculptor</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulia_Andreani" title="Giulia Andreani">Giulia Andreani</a> (born 1985), painter. She works on archives and develops a history painting.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Photographers">Photographers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Photographers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Incorpora" title="Giuseppe Incorpora">Giuseppe Incorpora</a> (1834–1914)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Rubartelli" title="Franco Rubartelli">Franco Rubartelli</a> (born 1937)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Printers">Printers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Printers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_printers" title="Category:Italian printers">Category:Italian printers</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Panfilo_Castaldi" title="Panfilo Castaldi">Panfilo Castaldi</a> (c. 1398 – c. 1490), physician and "master of the art of printing", to whom local tradition attributes the invention of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moveable_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Moveable type">moveable type</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fortunato_de_Felice,_2nd_Count_Panzutti" title="Fortunato de Felice, 2nd Count Panzutti">Fortunato Bartolomeo de Felice, 2nd Conte di Panzutti</a> (1723–1789), printer, publisher and scientist. Settled in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yverdon" class="mw-redirect" title="Yverdon">Yverdon</a> where he published a version of the <i>Encyclopédie</i> (1770–1780). Also known for his escapades across Europe with a married Countessa.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Franceschi" title="Francesco Franceschi">Francesco Franceschi</a> (c. 1530 – c. 1599), printer. Known for the high quality of his engravings, which were done using metal plates rather than wooden</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gabriele_Giolito_de%27_Ferrari" title="Gabriele Giolito de' Ferrari">Gabriele Giolito de' Ferrari</a> (c. 1508 – 1578), bookseller, printer and editor at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>. He was one of the first major <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Publisher" class="mw-redirect" title="Publisher">publishers</a> of literature in the vernacular <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian language</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johannes_Philippus_de_Lignamine" title="Johannes Philippus de Lignamine">Johannes Philippus de Lignamine</a> (c. 1420–?), printer and publisher, known for his publication of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pseudo-Apuleius" title="Pseudo-Apuleius">Herbarium Apuleii Platonici</a></i> (1481)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldus_Manutius" title="Aldus Manutius">Aldus Manutius</a> (1449–1515), printer, noted for his fine editions of the classics. Inventor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic type</a> (1501) and also the first to use the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldus_Manutius_the_Younger" title="Aldus Manutius the Younger">Aldus Manutius the Younger</a> (1547–1597), printer, last member of the Italian family of Manutius to be active in the famous <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldine_Press" title="Aldine Press">Aldine Press</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Pasquali" title="Giovanni Battista Pasquali">Giovanni Battista Pasquali</a> (1702–1784), printer, a leading printer in 18th-century <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Perna" title="Pietro Perna">Pietro Perna</a> (1519–1582), printer, the leading printer of late <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ottaviano_Petrucci" title="Ottaviano Petrucci">Ottaviano Petrucci</a> (1466–1539), printer. Inventor of movable <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metal_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal type">metal type</a> for printing mensural and polyphonic music</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lawrence_Torrentinus" title="Lawrence Torrentinus">Lawrence Torrentinus</a> (1499–1563), typographer and printer for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cosimo_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Printmakers">Printmakers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Printmakers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_printmakers" title="Category:Italian printmakers">Category:Italian printmakers</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Campagnola" title="Domenico Campagnola">Domenico Campagnola</a> (c. 1500 – 1564), painter and printmaker and one of the first professional draftsmen</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulio_Campagnola" title="Giulio Campagnola">Giulio Campagnola</a> (c. 1482 – c. 1515), painter and engraver who anticipated by over two centuries the development of stipple engraving<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agostino_Carracci" title="Agostino Carracci">Agostino Carracci</a> (1557–1602), painter and printmaker. He was the brother of the more famous <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Annibale_Carracci" title="Annibale Carracci">Annibale</a> and cousin of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lodovico_Carracci" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodovico Carracci">Lodovico Carracci</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Cassioni" title="Giovanni Francesco Cassioni">Giovanni Francesco Cassioni</a> (17th century), engraver in wood</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stefano_della_Bella" title="Stefano della Bella">Stefano della Bella</a> (1610–1664), printmaker noted for his engravings of military events, in the manner of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacques_Callot" title="Jacques Callot">Jacques Callot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcantonio_Raimondi" title="Marcantonio Raimondi">Marcantonio Raimondi</a> (c. 1480 – c. 1534), engraver, known for being the first important printmaker. He is therefore a key figure in the rise of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_master_print" title="Old master print">reproductive print</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Labacco" title="Mario Labacco">Mario Labacco</a> (active 1551–67), engraver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Rosselli" title="Francesco Rosselli">Francesco Rosselli</a> (1445–before 1513), miniature painter, and an important engraver of maps and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_master_print" title="Old master print">old master prints</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ugo_da_Carpi" title="Ugo da Carpi">Ugo da Carpi</a> (c. 1480–between 1520 and 1532), painter and printmaker, the first Italian practitioner of the art of the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chiaroscuro#Chiaroscuro_woodcuts" title="Chiaroscuro">chiaroscuro</a> woodcut</i><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Saints">Saints</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Saints">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_saints" title="Category:Italian saints">Category:Italian saints</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a> (<i>fl.</i> 3rd century AD), legendary Christian saint, martyred under Roman Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a>. She is invoked against outbreaks of fire and is the patron saint of bell makers</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a> (c. 291–c. 304), legendary Christian martyr, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of girls</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a> (1542–1621), theologian, cardinal, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a>, and a principal influence in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernardine_of_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernardine of Siena">Bernardine of Siena</a> (1380–1444), preacher. He was a Franciscan of the Observant congregation and one of the most effective and most widely known <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Preacher" title="Preacher">preachers</a> of his day<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Borromeo" title="Charles Borromeo">Charles Borromeo</a> (1538–1584), cardinal and archbishop. He was one of the leaders of the Counter-Reformation</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Bosco" title="John Bosco">John Bosco</a> (1815–1888), Catholic priest, pioneer in educating the poor and founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salesian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Salesian Order">Salesian Order</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a> (1347–1380), Dominican tertiary, mystic, and patron saint of Italy who played a major role in returning the papacy from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> to Rome (1377)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Saint Cecilia</a> (2nd century AD), patron saint of musicians and Church music. Venerated in both East and West, she is one of the eight women commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francis_of_Paola" title="Francis of Paola">Francis of Paola</a> (1416–1507), mendicant friar. The founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minim_(religious_order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minim (religious order)">Minims</a>, a religious order in the Catholic Church</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a> (170–235), Christian martyr who was also the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antipope" title="Antipope">antipope</a> (217/218–235)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Januarius" title="Januarius">Januarius</a> (?–c. 305), Bishop and martyr, sometimes called Gennaro, long popular because of the liquefaction of his blood on his feast day</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a> (1559–1619), Capuchin friar. He was one of the leading polemicists of the Counter-Reformation in Germany</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Longinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Longinus">Saint Longinus</a> (1st century AD), Roman soldier who pierced <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>'s side with a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">spear</a> as he hung on the cross</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Saint Lucy</a> (283–304), Christian martyr. She is the patron saint of the city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> (Sicily)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Moscati" title="Giuseppe Moscati">Giuseppe Moscati</a> (1880–1927), doctor, scientific researcher, and university professor noted both for his pioneering work in biochemistry and for his piety</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philip_Neri" title="Philip Neri">Philip Neri</a> (1515–1595), priest. The founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Congregation of the Oratory</a>, a congregation of secular priests and clerics</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pio_of_Pietrelcina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pio of Pietrelcina">Pio of Pietrelcina</a> (1887–1968), Capuchin priest. He is renowned among Roman Catholics as one of the Church's modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stigmatist" class="mw-redirect" title="Stigmatist">stigmatists</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rita_of_Cascia" title="Rita of Cascia">Rita of Cascia</a> (1381–1457), Augustinian nun</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Saint Rosalia</a> (1130–1166), hermitess, greatly venerated at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> and in the whole of Sicily of which she in patroness</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roger_of_Cannae" title="Roger of Cannae">Roger of Cannae</a> (1060–1129), Bishop</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Saint Valentine</a> (3rd century AD), according to tradition, he is the patron saint of courtship, travelers, and young people</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vitus" title="Vitus">Vitus</a> (c. 290 – c. 303), Christian saint. He is counted as one of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Scientists">Scientists</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Scientists">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_scientists" title="List of Italian scientists">List of Italian scientists</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Gaetana_Agnesi" title="Maria Gaetana Agnesi">Maria Gaetana Agnesi</a> (1718–1799), linguist, mathematician and philosopher, considered to be the first woman in the Western world to have achieved a reputation in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberto_Assagioli" title="Roberto Assagioli">Roberto Assagioli</a> (1888–1974), psychiatrist and psychologist. The founder of the healing system known as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychosynthesis" title="Psychosynthesis">psychosynthesis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gjuro_Baglivi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjuro Baglivi">Gjuro Baglivi</a> (1668–1707), physician and scientist. He published the first clinical description of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pulmonary_edema" title="Pulmonary edema">pulmonary edema</a> and made classic observations on the histology and physiology of muscle</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Basaglia" title="Franco Basaglia">Franco Basaglia</a> (1924–1980), psychiatrist. He was the promoter of an important reform in the Italian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> system, the "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basaglia_Law" title="Basaglia Law">legge 180/78</a>" (law number 180, year 1978)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agostino_Bassi" title="Agostino Bassi">Agostino Bassi</a> (1773–1856), entomologist. The first person to succeed in the experimental transmission of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Contagious_disease" title="Contagious disease">contagious disease</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ulisse_Aldrovandi" title="Ulisse Aldrovandi">Ulisse Aldrovandi</a> (1522–1605), naturalist, noted for his systematic and accurate observations of animals, plants and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppina_Aliverti" title="Giuseppina Aliverti">Giuseppina Aliverti</a> (1894–1982), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geophysics" title="Geophysics">geophysicist</a> remembered for developing the Aliverti-Lovera method of measuring the radioactivity of water</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Amici" title="Giovanni Battista Amici">Giovanni Battista Amici</a> (1786–1863), astronomer and microscopist. The inventor of the catadioptric microscope<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></sup> (presented at the Arts and Industry Exhibition in Milan in 1812)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Arduino_(geologist)" title="Giovanni Arduino (geologist)">Giovanni Arduino</a> (1714–1795), father of Italian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>, who established bases for stratigraphic chronology by classifying the four main layers of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crust_(geology)" title="Crust (geology)">Earth's crust</a><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silvano_Arieti" title="Silvano Arieti">Silvano Arieti</a> (1914–1981), psychiatrist and psychoanalyst long recognized as a leading authority on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaspare_Aselli" title="Gaspare Aselli">Gaspare Aselli</a> (c. 1581 – 1625), physician who contributed to the knowledge of the circulation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Body_fluid" title="Body fluid">body fluids</a> by discovering the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lacteal" title="Lacteal">lacteal</a> vessels<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberto_Assagioli" title="Roberto Assagioli">Roberto Assagioli</a> (1888–1974), psychiatrist and psychologist. The founder of the healing system known as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychosynthesis" title="Psychosynthesis">psychosynthesis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amedeo_Avogadro" title="Amedeo Avogadro">Amedeo Avogadro</a> (1776–1856), chemist and physicist. The founder of the molecular theory now known as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Avogadro%27s_law" title="Avogadro's law">Avogadro's law</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fabio_Badilini" title="Fabio Badilini">Fabio Badilini</a> (born 1964), pioneer in noninvasive electrocardiography.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gjuro_Baglivi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjuro Baglivi">Gjuro Baglivi</a> (1668–1707), physician and scientist. He published the first clinical description of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pulmonary_edema" title="Pulmonary edema">pulmonary edema</a> and made classic observations on the histology and physiology of muscle</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcella_Balconi" title="Marcella Balconi">Marcella Balconi</a> (1919–1999) child neuropsychiatrist and member of the resistance during World War II. She pioneered the practice of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychoanalytic_infant_observation" title="Psychoanalytic infant observation">psychoanalytic infant observation</a> in Italy.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Basaglia" title="Franco Basaglia">Franco Basaglia</a> (1924–1980), psychiatrist. He was the promoter of an important reform in the Italian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> system, the "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basaglia_Law" title="Basaglia Law">legge 180/78</a>" (law number 180, year 1978)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agostino_Bassi" title="Agostino Bassi">Agostino Bassi</a> (1773–1856), entomologist. The first person to succeed in the experimental transmission of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Contagious_disease" title="Contagious disease">contagious disease</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laura_Bassi" title="Laura Bassi">Laura Bassi</a> (1711–1778), scientist who was the first woman to become a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> professor at a European university<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Berengario_da_Carpi" title="Jacopo Berengario da Carpi">Jacopo Berengario da Carpi</a> (c. 1460 – c. 1530), physician and anatomist who was the first to describe the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heart_valve" title="Heart valve">heart valves</a><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulio_Bizzozero" title="Giulio Bizzozero">Giulio Bizzozero</a> (1846–1901), anatomist. He is known as the original discoverer of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori" title="Helicobacter pylori">Helicobacter pylori</a></i> (1893)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_Bombieri" title="Enrico Bombieri">Enrico Bombieri</a> (born 1940), mathematician who was awarded the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> in 1974 for his work in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Number_theory" title="Number theory">number theory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudio_Bordignon" title="Claudio Bordignon">Claudio Bordignon</a> (born 1950), biologist, performed the first procedure of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gene_therapy" title="Gene therapy">gene therapy</a> using <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell" title="Hematopoietic stem cell">stem cells</a> as gene vectors (1992)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Alfonso_Borelli" title="Giovanni Alfonso Borelli">Giovanni Alfonso Borelli</a> (1608–1679), physiologist and physicist who was the first to explain muscular movement and other body functions according to the laws of statics and dynamics</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virginia_Angiola_Borrino" title="Virginia Angiola Borrino">Virginia Angiola Borrino</a> (1880–1965), physician who was the first woman to serve as head of a University Pediatric Ward in Italy<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Bresadola" title="Giacomo Bresadola">Giacomo Bresadola</a> (1847–1929), clergyman and a prolific and influential <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mycologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycologist">mycologist</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Brioschi" title="Francesco Brioschi">Francesco Brioschi</a> (1824–1897), mathematician, known for his contributions to the theory of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algebraic_equation" title="Algebraic equation">algebraic equations</a> and to the applications of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">hydraulics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Brotzu" title="Giuseppe Brotzu">Giuseppe Brotzu</a> (1895–1976), physician, famous for having discovered the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cephalosporin" title="Cephalosporin">cephalosporin</a> (1948)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tito_Livio_Burattini" title="Tito Livio Burattini">Tito Livio Burattini</a> (1617–1681), mathematician, in his book <i>Misura Universale</i>, published in 1675, first suggested the name <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter">meter</a> as the name for a unit of length</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicola_Cabibbo" title="Nicola Cabibbo">Nicola Cabibbo</a> (1935–2010), physicist who reconciled these strange-particle decays with the universality of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weak_interaction" title="Weak interaction">weak interactions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leopoldo_Marco_Antonio_Caldani" title="Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani">Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani</a> (1725–1813), anatomist and physiologist. He is noted for his experimental studies on the function of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temistocle_Calzecchi-Onesti" title="Temistocle Calzecchi-Onesti">Temistocle Calzecchi-Onesti</a> (1853–1922), physicist, invented a tube filled with iron filings, called a "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coherer" title="Coherer">coherer</a>" (1884)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tommaso_Campailla" title="Tommaso Campailla">Tommaso Campailla</a> (1668–1740), physician, philosopher and poet, inventor of "vapour stovens" that he used to fight <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rheumatism" title="Rheumatism">rheumatism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Campani" title="Giuseppe Campani">Giuseppe Campani</a> (1635–1715), optician and astronomer who invented a lens-grinding lathe<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stanislao_Cannizzaro" title="Stanislao Cannizzaro">Stanislao Cannizzaro</a> (1826–1910), chemist, in 1858 put an end to confusion over values to be attributed to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atomic_weights" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic weights">atomic weights</a>, using <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amedeo_Avogadro" title="Amedeo Avogadro">Avogadro</a>'s hypothesis</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federico_Capasso" title="Federico Capasso">Federico Capasso</a> (born 1949), physicist, one of the inventors of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quantum_cascade_laser" title="Quantum cascade laser">quantum cascade laser</a> (QCL) in 1994</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a> (born 1937), molecular geneticist, famous for having contribution to development of "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Knockout_mice" class="mw-redirect" title="Knockout mice">knockout mice</a>" (1989)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerolamo_Cardano" title="Gerolamo Cardano">Gerolamo Cardano</a> (1501–1576), mathematician and physician; initiated the general theory of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cubic_function" title="Cubic function">cubic</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quartic_equations" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartic equations">quartic equations</a>. He emphasized the need for both negative and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Complex_number" title="Complex number">complex numbers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Cardarelli" title="Antonio Cardarelli">Antonio Cardarelli</a> (1831–1926), physician remembered for describing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cardarelli%27s_sign" title="Cardarelli's sign">Cardarelli's sign</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Carini" title="Antonio Carini">Antonio Carini</a> (1872–1950), physician and bacteriologist who discovered <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pneumocystis_carinii" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumocystis carinii">Pneumocystis carinii</a></i>, which is responsible for recurrent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> in patients with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Carlini" title="Francesco Carlini">Francesco Carlini</a> (1783–1862), astronomer. Worked in the field of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Celestial_mechanics" title="Celestial mechanics">celestial mechanics</a>, improved the theory of the motion of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Caselli" title="Giovanni Caselli">Giovanni Caselli</a> (1815–1891), physicist, inventor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pantelegraph" title="Pantelegraph">pantelegraph</a> (1861)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Cassini" title="Giovanni Domenico Cassini">Giovanni Domenico Cassini</a> (1625–1712), mathematician, astronomer, engineer and astrologer who was the first to observe four of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">moons</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bonaventura_Cavalieri" title="Bonaventura Cavalieri">Bonaventura Cavalieri</a> (1598–1647), mathematician. He invented the method of indivisibles (1635) that foreshadowed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Integral_calculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Integral calculus">integral calculus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Luca_Cavalli-Sforza" title="Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza">Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza</a> (1922–2018), population geneticist, currently teaching since 1970 as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">emeritus</a> professor at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. One of the most important <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geneticist" title="Geneticist">geneticists</a> of the 20th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiberius_Cavallo" title="Tiberius Cavallo">Tiberius Cavallo</a> (1749–1809), physicist and natural philosopher who wrote on the early experiments with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a>. He was known contemporaneously as the inventor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cavallo%27s_multiplier" title="Cavallo's multiplier">Cavallo's multiplier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ugo_Cerletti" title="Ugo Cerletti">Ugo Cerletti</a> (1877–1963), neurologist, co-inventor with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucio_Bini" title="Lucio Bini">Lucio Bini</a>, of the method of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy" title="Electroconvulsive therapy">electroconvulsive therapy</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">psychiatry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Cerulli" title="Vincenzo Cerulli">Vincenzo Cerulli</a> (1859–1927), astronomer. The author of the idea that the canali are just a special kind of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Optical_illusion" title="Optical illusion">optical illusion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Cesalpino" title="Andrea Cesalpino">Andrea Cesalpino</a> (1519–1603), physician, philosopher and botanist, produced the first scientific classification of plants and animals by genera and species</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ernesto_Ces%C3%A0ro" title="Ernesto Cesàro">Ernesto Cesàro</a> (1859–1906), mathematician. In 1880 he developed methods of finding the sum of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Divergent_series" title="Divergent series">divergent series</a>. Cesàro made important contributions to intrinsic geometry</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacinto_Cestoni" title="Giacinto Cestoni">Giacinto Cestoni</a> (1637–1718), naturalist, studied <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fleas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleas">fleas</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>, and showed that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scabies" title="Scabies">scabies</a> is provoked by <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sarcoptes_scabiei" title="Sarcoptes scabiei">Sarcoptes scabiei</a></i> (1689)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Chiarugi" title="Vincenzo Chiarugi">Vincenzo Chiarugi</a> (1759–1820), physician who introduced <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humanitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitarian">humanitarian</a> reforms to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">psychiatric hospital</a> care of people with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorders</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agostino_Codazzi" title="Agostino Codazzi">Agostino Codazzi</a> (1793 - 1859), soldier, scientist, geographer, cartographer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Realdo_Colombo" title="Realdo Colombo">Realdo Colombo</a> (c. 1516 – 1559), one of the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anatomist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomist">anatomists</a> in the Western world to describe <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pulmonary_circulation" title="Pulmonary circulation">pulmonary circulation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orso_Mario_Corbino" title="Orso Mario Corbino">Orso Mario Corbino</a> (1876–1937), physicist and politician, discovered modulation calorimetry and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corbino_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Corbino effect">Corbino effect</a>, a variant of the Hall effect</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alfonso_Giacomo_Gaspare_Corti" title="Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti">Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti</a> (1822–1876), anatomist, known for his discoveries on the anatomical structure of the ear</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Cotugno" title="Domenico Cotugno">Domenico Cotugno</a> (1736–1822), physician. He discovered <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albuminuria" title="Albuminuria">albuminuria</a> (about a half century before <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Bright_(physician)" title="Richard Bright (physician)">Richard Bright</a>) and was also one of the first scientists to identify <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urea</a> in human <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Cruto" title="Alessandro Cruto">Alessandro Cruto</a> (1847–1908), inventor who improved on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Alva_Edison" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Alva Edison">Thomas Alva Edison</a> incandescent light bulb with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb#Filament" title="Incandescent light bulb">carbon filament</a> (1881)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruno_de_Finetti" title="Bruno de Finetti">Bruno de Finetti</a> (1906–1985), probabilist, statistician and actuary, noted for the "operational subjective" conception of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Probability" title="Probability">probability</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Annibale_de_Gasparis" title="Annibale de Gasparis">Annibale de Gasparis</a> (1819–1892), astronomer, his first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> discovery was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/10_Hygiea" title="10 Hygiea">10 Hygiea</a> in 1849. Between 1850 and 1865, he discovered eight more asteroids</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ennio_de_Giorgi" title="Ennio de Giorgi">Ennio de Giorgi</a> (1928–1996), mathematician. He brilliantly resolved the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hilbert%27s_nineteenth_problem" title="Hilbert's nineteenth problem">19th Hilbert problem</a>. Today, this contribution is known as the De Giorgi-Nash Theorem</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mondino_de_Liuzzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondino de Liuzzi">Mondino de Liuzzi</a> (c. 1270 – 1326), physician and anatomist whose <i>Anathomia corporis humani</i> (MS. 1316; first printed in 1478) was the first modern work on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_de_Vico" title="Francesco de Vico">Francesco de Vico</a> (1805–1848), astronomer. He discovered a number of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a>, including periodic comets <a href="/enwiki/wiki/54P/de_Vico-Swift-NEAT" class="mw-redirect" title="54P/de Vico-Swift-NEAT">54P/de Vico-Swift-NEAT</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/122P/de_Vico" title="122P/de Vico">122P/de Vico</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giambattista_della_Porta" title="Giambattista della Porta">Giambattista della Porta</a> (c. 1535 – 1615), scholar and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a>, known for his work <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Magia_Naturalis" title="Magia Naturalis">Magia Naturalis</a></i> (1558), which dealt with alchemy, magic, and natural philosophy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ulisse_Dini" title="Ulisse Dini">Ulisse Dini</a> (1845–1918), mathematician and politician whose most important work was on the theory of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Implicit_function_theorem" title="Implicit function theorem">functions of real variables</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eustachio_Divini" title="Eustachio Divini">Eustachio Divini</a> (1610–1685), physician and astronomer; maker of clocks and lenses (1646), innovative compound microscope (1648)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Donati" title="Giovanni Battista Donati">Giovanni Battista Donati</a> (1826–1873), astronomer. He becomes one of the first to systematically adapt the new science of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopy</a> to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Dondi_dell%27Orologio" title="Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio">Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio</a> (1330–1388), doctor and clock-maker at Padua, son of Jacopo Dondi, builder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Astrarium" title="Astrarium">Astrarium</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Dondi_dell%27Orologio" title="Jacopo Dondi dell'Orologio">Jacopo Dondi dell'Orologio</a> (1293–1359), doctor and clock-maker at Padua, father of Giovanni</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angelo_Dubini" title="Angelo Dubini">Angelo Dubini</a> (1813–1902), physician who identified <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hookworm" title="Hookworm">Ancylostoma duodenale</a></i> (1838)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Girolamo_Segato" title="Girolamo Segato">Girolamo Segato</a> (1792–1836), Egyptologist and anatomist, best known for his unique work in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Petrifaction" title="Petrifaction">petrifaction</a> of human cadavers.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a> (1914–2012), virologist, known for his brilliant work with two viruses that can transform animal cells into a cancer-like state in the test tube</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federigo_Enriques" title="Federigo Enriques">Federigo Enriques</a> (1871–1946), mathematician, known principally as the first to give a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enriques%E2%80%93Kodaira_classification" title="Enriques–Kodaira classification">classification of algebraic surfaces</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birational_geometry" title="Birational geometry">birational geometry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Enriques" title="Paolo Enriques">Paolo Enriques</a> (1878–1932), zoologist of Padua University.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vittorio_Erspamer" title="Vittorio Erspamer">Vittorio Erspamer</a> (1909–1999), pharmacologist and chemist, famous for having discovered the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a> (1935) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Octopamine" title="Octopamine">octopamine</a> (1948)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolomeo_Eustachi" title="Bartolomeo Eustachi">Bartolomeo Eustachi</a> (1500 or 1514–1574), anatomist. He described many structures in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">human body</a>, including the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eustachian_tube" title="Eustachian tube">Eustachian tube</a> of the ear</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Fa%C3%A0_di_Bruno" title="Francesco Faà di Bruno">Francesco Faà di Bruno</a> (1825–1888), mathematician, known for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fa%C3%A0_di_Bruno_formula" class="mw-redirect" title="Faà di Bruno formula">Faà di Bruno formula</a> (1855, 1857)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hieronymus_Fabricius" title="Hieronymus Fabricius">Hieronymus Fabricius</a> (1537–1619), anatomist and surgeon, called the founder of modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">embryology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gabriele_Falloppio" title="Gabriele Falloppio">Gabriele Falloppio</a> (1523–1562), anatomist and physician. His important discoveries include the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fallopian_tube" title="Fallopian tube">fallopian tubes</a>, leading from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a> to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ovaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovaries">ovaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> (1901–1954), physicist, constructed the world's first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactor</a> (1942), initiated the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atomic_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic age">atomic age</a>; father of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atom_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom bomb">atom bomb</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lodovico_Ferrari" title="Lodovico Ferrari">Lodovico Ferrari</a> (1522–1565), mathematician, famous for having discovered the solution of the general <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quartic_function" title="Quartic function">quartic equation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galileo_Ferraris" title="Galileo Ferraris">Galileo Ferraris</a> (1847–1897), physicist and electrical engineer, noted for the discovery of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rotating_magnetic_field" title="Rotating magnetic field">rotating magnetic field</a>, basic working principle of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Induction_motor" title="Induction motor">induction motor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amarro_Fiamberti" title="Amarro Fiamberti">Amarro Fiamberti</a> (10 September 1894 – 1970), psychiatrist who first performed a transorbital <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lobotomy" title="Lobotomy">lobotomy</a> (by accessing the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frontal_lobe" title="Frontal lobe">frontal lobe</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> through the orbits) in 1937</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonardo_Fibonacci" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardo Fibonacci">Leonardo Fibonacci</a> (c. 1170 – c. 1250), mathematician, eponym of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fibonacci_number" title="Fibonacci number">Fibonacci number</a> sequence. He is considered to be the most talented Western mathematician of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quirico_Filopanti" title="Quirico Filopanti">Quirico Filopanti</a> (1812–1894), mathematician and politician. In his book <i>Miranda!</i> (1858), he was the first to propose <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Universal_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal time">universal time</a> and worldwide standard time zones 21 years before <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandford_Fleming" title="Sandford Fleming">Sandford Fleming</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Fontana_(engineer)" title="Giovanni Fontana (engineer)">Giovanni Fontana</a> (1395 – 1455), physician and engineer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Forlanini" title="Carlo Forlanini">Carlo Forlanini</a> (1847–1918), physician, inventor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pneumothorax" title="Pneumothorax">artificial pneumothorax</a> (1882) for treatment of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">pulmonary tuberculosis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Fornasini" title="Carlo Fornasini">Carlo Fornasini</a> (1854–1931), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Micropalaeontologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Micropalaeontologist">micropalaeontologist</a> who studied <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">Foraminifera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Girolamo_Fracastoro" title="Girolamo Fracastoro">Girolamo Fracastoro</a> (1478–1553), physician and scholar, the first to state the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease" title="Germ theory of disease">germ theory</a> of infection and is regarded as the founder of scientific <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">epidemiology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guido_Fubini" title="Guido Fubini">Guido Fubini</a> (1879–1943), mathematician, eponym of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fubini%27s_theorem" title="Fubini's theorem">Fubini's theorem</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Measure_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Measure theory">measure theory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> (1564–1642), physicist and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a>. The founder of modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> who accurately described heliocentric <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solar_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar system">solar system</a><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Luigi Galvani</a> (1737–1798), physician and physicist, noted for his discovery of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Animal_electricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal electricity">animal electricity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agostino_Gemelli" title="Agostino Gemelli">Agostino Gemelli</a> (1878–1959), physician, psychologist, and priest, founder of a university and eponym of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agostino_Gemelli_University_Polyclinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic">Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luca_Ghini" title="Luca Ghini">Luca Ghini</a> (1490–1556), physician and botanist, best known as the creator of the first recorded <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">herbarium</a> and founder of the world's first botanical garden<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a> (1931–2018), astrophysicist, called the father of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/X-ray_astronomy" title="X-ray astronomy">X-ray astronomy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clelia_Giacobini" title="Clelia Giacobini">Clelia Giacobini</a> (1931–2010), microbiologist, a pioneer of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microbiology" title="Microbiology">microbiology</a> applied to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conservation-restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation-restoration">conservation-restoration</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corrado_Gini" title="Corrado Gini">Corrado Gini</a> (1884–1965), statistician, demographer and sociologist, developer of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini coefficient</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> (1843–1926), histologist noted for work on the structure of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a> and for his discovery of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golgi_apparatus" title="Golgi apparatus">Golgi apparatus</a> (1897)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Guido_Grandi" title="Luigi Guido Grandi">Luigi Guido Grandi</a> (1671–1742), philosopher, mathematician and engineer, known for studying the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rose_(mathematics)" title="Rose (mathematics)">rose curve</a>, a curve which has the shape of a petalled flower, and for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grandi%27s_series" title="Grandi's series">Grandi's series</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Grassi" title="Giovanni Battista Grassi">Giovanni Battista Grassi</a> (1854–1925), zoologist who discovered that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mosquito" title="Mosquito">mosquitoes</a> were responsible for transmitting <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> between humans</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Maria_Grimaldi" title="Francesco Maria Grimaldi">Francesco Maria Grimaldi</a> (1618–1663), physicist and mathematician, noted for his discoveries in the field of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">optics</a>, he was the first to describe the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diffraction_of_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Diffraction of light">diffraction of light</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicola_Guarino" title="Nicola Guarino">Nicola Guarino</a> (born 1954), scientist, co-inventor with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Welty" title="Chris Welty">Chris Welty</a>, of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OntoClean" title="OntoClean">OntoClean</a>, the first methodology for formal ontological analysis</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guido_da_Vigevano" title="Guido da Vigevano">Guido da Vigevano</a> (c. 1280 – c. 1349), physician and inventor who became one of the first writers to include <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">illustrations</a> in a work on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Hodierna" title="Giovanni Battista Hodierna">Giovanni Battista Hodierna</a> (1597–1660), astronomer. He was one of the first to create a catalog of celestial objects with a telescope</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arturo_Issel" title="Arturo Issel">Arturo Issel</a> (1842–1922), geologist, palaeontologist, malacologist and archaeologist. He is noted for first defining the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrrhenian Stage">Tyrrhenian Stage</a> (1914)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Lagrange" title="Joseph-Louis Lagrange">Joseph-Louis Lagrange</a> (1736–1813), Italian-French who made major contributions to mathematics and physics</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Lancisi" title="Giovanni Maria Lancisi">Giovanni Maria Lancisi</a> (1654–1720), clinician and anatomist who is considered the first modern hygienist<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a> (1909–2012), neurologist, famous for having discovered the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">nerve growth factor</a> (NGF)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aloysius_Lilius" title="Aloysius Lilius">Aloysius Lilius</a> (c. 1510 – 1576), astronomer and physician. The principal author of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregorian_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian Calendar">Gregorian Calendar</a> (1582)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a> (1912–1991), microbiologist. He shared a 1969 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> for investigating the mechanism of viral <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infection</a> in living cells</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Magini" title="Giovanni Antonio Magini">Giovanni Antonio Magini</a> (1555–1617), astronomer, astrologer, cartographer and mathematician, known for his reduced size edition of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>'s <i>Geographiae</i> (1596)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ettore_Majorana" title="Ettore Majorana">Ettore Majorana</a> (1906–1938), theoretical physicist. He is noted for the eponymous <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Majorana_equation" title="Majorana equation">Majorana equation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcello_Malpighi" title="Marcello Malpighi">Marcello Malpighi</a> (1628–1694), physician and biologist. He is regarded as the founder of microscopic anatomy and may be regarded as the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Histologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Histologist">histologist</a><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massimo_Marchiori" title="Massimo Marchiori">Massimo Marchiori</a> (?–?), computer scientist who made major contributions to the development of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. He was also the creator of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/HyperSearch" class="mw-redirect" title="HyperSearch">HyperSearch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> (1874–1937), physicist, credited as the inventor of radio, often called the father of wireless communication and technology (1896)<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macedonio_Melloni" title="Macedonio Melloni">Macedonio Melloni</a> (1798–1854), physicist, demonstrated that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radiant_heat" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant heat">radiant heat</a> has similar physical properties to those of light</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Mercalli" title="Giuseppe Mercalli">Giuseppe Mercalli</a> (1850–1914), volcanologist and seismologist, inventor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity scale</a> (1902)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a> (1918–2003), economist and educator who received the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> for Economics in 1985 for his work on household <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saving" title="Saving">savings</a> and the dynamics of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">financial markets</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geminiano_Montanari" title="Geminiano Montanari">Geminiano Montanari</a> (1633–1687), astronomer. Today, it is better known for his discovery of the variability of the star <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algol" title="Algol">Algol</a> (c. 1667)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Montessori" title="Maria Montessori">Maria Montessori</a> (1870–1952), physician and educator. The innovative educational method that bears her name (1907) is now spread in 22,000 schools in at least 110 countries worldwide<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Morgagni" title="Giovanni Battista Morgagni">Giovanni Battista Morgagni</a> (1682–1771), anatomist, called the founder of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anatomical_pathology" title="Anatomical pathology">pathologic anatomy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angelo_Mosso" title="Angelo Mosso">Angelo Mosso</a> (1846–1910), physiologist who created the first crude <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neuroimaging" title="Neuroimaging">neuroimaging</a> technique</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a> (1903–1979), chemist, famous for having discovered isotactic <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a> (1954) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymers</a> (1957)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adelchi_Negri" title="Adelchi Negri">Adelchi Negri</a> (1876–1912), pathologist and microbiologist who identified what later became known as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Negri_bodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Negri bodies">Negri bodies</a> (1903) in the brains of animals and humans infected with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rabies_virus" title="Rabies virus">rabies virus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leopoldo_Nobili" title="Leopoldo Nobili">Leopoldo Nobili</a> (1784–1835), physicist, designed the first precision instrument for measuring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electric_current" title="Electric current">electric current</a> (1825)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Occhialini" title="Giuseppe Occhialini">Giuseppe Occhialini</a> (1907–1993), physicist, contributed to the discovery of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">pion</a> or pi-<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">meson</a> decay in 1947, with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Lattes" title="César Lattes">César Lattes</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Cecil Frank Powell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barnaba_Oriani" title="Barnaba Oriani">Barnaba Oriani</a> (1752–1832), astronomer. Great scholar of orbital theories</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filippo_Pacini" title="Filippo Pacini">Filippo Pacini</a> (1812–1883), anatomist who isolated the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae" title="Vibrio cholerae">Vibrio cholerae</a></i> (1854) ; the bacteria that causes <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Pacinotti" title="Antonio Pacinotti">Antonio Pacinotti</a> (1841–1912), physicist, inventor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dynamo" title="Dynamo">dynamo</a> (1858) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">electric motor</a> (1858)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luca_Pacioli" title="Luca Pacioli">Luca Pacioli</a> (1446/7–1517), mathematician and founder of accounting. He popularized the system of double bookkeeping for keeping financial records and is often known as the father of modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Accounting" title="Accounting">accounting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferdinando_Palasciano" title="Ferdinando Palasciano">Ferdinando Palasciano</a> (1815–1891), physician and politician, considered one of the forerunners of the foundation of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Cross">Red Cross</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Palmieri" title="Luigi Palmieri">Luigi Palmieri</a> (1807–1896), physicist and meteorologist, inventor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seismometer" title="Seismometer">seismometer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pandolfi" title="Pier Paolo Pandolfi">Pier Paolo Pandolfi</a> (born 1963), geneticist, discovered the genes underlying <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Acute_promyelocytic_leukaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute promyelocytic leukaemia">acute promyelocytic leukaemia</a> (APL)<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Vilfredo Pareto</a> (1848–1923), engineer, sociologist, economist, and philosopher, eponym of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pareto_distribution" title="Pareto distribution">Pareto distribution</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pareto_efficiency" title="Pareto efficiency">Pareto efficiency</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pareto_index" title="Pareto index">Pareto index</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pareto_principle" title="Pareto principle">Pareto principle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a> (born 1948), theoretical physicist, called the father of the modern field of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chaos_theory" title="Chaos theory">chaos theory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emanuele_Patern%C3%B2" title="Emanuele Paternò">Emanuele Paternò</a> (1847–1935), chemist, discoverer of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patern%C3%B2%E2%80%93B%C3%BCchi_reaction" title="Paternò–Büchi reaction">Paternò–Büchi reaction</a> (1909)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Peano" title="Giuseppe Peano">Giuseppe Peano</a> (1858–1932), mathematician and a founder of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mathematical_logic" title="Mathematical logic">symbolic logic</a> whose interests centred on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foundations_of_mathematics" title="Foundations of mathematics">foundations of mathematics</a> and on the development of a formal logical language</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaetano_Perusini" title="Gaetano Perusini">Gaetano Perusini</a> (1879–1915), physician, remembered for his contribution to the description of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer</a>'s</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Piazzi" title="Giuseppe Piazzi">Giuseppe Piazzi</a> (1746–1826), mathematician and astronomer who discovered (1 January 1801) and named the first asteroid, or "minor planet", <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raffaele_Piria" title="Raffaele Piria">Raffaele Piria</a> (1814–1865), chemist. The first to successfully synthesize <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">salicylic acid</a> (1839);<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></sup> the active ingredient in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Amedeo_Plana" title="Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana">Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana</a> (1781–1864), astronomer and mathematician. The founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Observatory_of_Turin" title="Observatory of Turin">Observatory of Turin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edoardo_Amaldi" title="Edoardo Amaldi">Edoardo Amaldi</a> (1908–1989), cosmic-ray physicist, one of the founding fathers of European space research, led the founding of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ESRO" class="mw-redirect" title="ESRO">ESRO</a> and later the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA)<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulio_Racah" title="Giulio Racah">Giulio Racah</a> (1909–1965), Italian-Israeli mathematician and physicist; Acting President of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Raimondi" title="Antonio Raimondi">Antonio Raimondi</a> (1826 – 1890), geographer and scientist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernardino_Ramazzini" title="Bernardino Ramazzini">Bernardino Ramazzini</a> (1633–1714), physician, considered a founder of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Industrial_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial medicine">occupational medicine</a><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Redi" title="Francesco Redi">Francesco Redi</a> (1626–1697), physician who demonstrated that the presence of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maggot" title="Maggot">maggots</a> in putrefying meat does not result from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spontaneous_generation" title="Spontaneous generation">spontaneous generation</a> but from eggs laid on the meat by flies</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Riccati" title="Jacopo Riccati">Jacopo Riccati</a> (1676–1754), mathematician, known in connection with his problem, called Riccati's equation, published in the <i>Acla eruditorum</i> (1724)<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci">Matteo Ricci</a> (1552–1610), missionary to China, mathematician, linguist and published the first Chinese edition of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements" title="Euclid's Elements">Euclid's Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregorio_Ricci-Curbastro" title="Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro">Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro</a> (1853–1925), mathematician, inventor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tensor_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensor analysis">tensor analysis</a> collaborator with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tullio_Levi-Civita" title="Tullio Levi-Civita">Tullio Levi-Civita</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Riccioli" title="Giovanni Battista Riccioli">Giovanni Battista Riccioli</a> (1598–1671), astronomer, devised the system for the nomenclature of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">lunar</a> features that is now the international standard</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augusto_Righi" title="Augusto Righi">Augusto Righi</a> (1850–1920), physicist who played an important role in the development of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">electromagnetism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scipione_Riva-Rocci" title="Scipione Riva-Rocci">Scipione Riva-Rocci</a> (1863–1937), internist and pediatrician. The inventor of the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sphygmomanometer" title="Sphygmomanometer">sphygmomanometer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rogerius_(physician)" title="Rogerius (physician)">Rogerius</a> (before 1140–c. 1195), surgeon who wrote a work on medicine entitled <i>Practica Chirurgiae</i> ("The Practice of Surgery") around 1180</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gian_Domenico_Romagnosi" title="Gian Domenico Romagnosi">Gian Domenico Romagnosi</a> (1761–1835), philosopher, economist and jurist, famous for having discovered the same link between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">magnetism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a> (1905–1993), experimental physicist. An authority on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">cosmic rays</a><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a> (born 1934), physicist who in 1984 shared with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Simon van der Meer</a> the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> for Physics for the discovery of the massive, short-lived subatomic <a href="/enwiki/wiki/W_particle" class="mw-redirect" title="W particle">W particle</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Z_particle" class="mw-redirect" title="Z particle">Z particle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Ruffini" title="Paolo Ruffini">Paolo Ruffini</a> (1765–1822), mathematician and physician who made studies of equations that anticipated the algebraic theory of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Group_(mathematics)" title="Group (mathematics)">groups</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nazareno_Strampelli" title="Nazareno Strampelli">Nazareno Strampelli</a> (1866–1942), geneticist and agronomist, whose innovative scientific work in wheat breeding 30 years earlier than <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borlaug" class="mw-redirect" title="Borlaug">Borlaug</a> laid the foundations for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Girolamo_Saccheri" title="Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri">Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri</a> (1667–1733), philosopher and mathematician who did early work on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Non-Euclidean_geometry" title="Non-Euclidean geometry">non-Euclidean geometry</a>, although he didn't see it as such</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sanctorius" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctorius">Sanctorius</a> (1561–1636), physiologist and physician. He laid the foundation for the study of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Salvatori" title="Henry Salvatori">Henry Salvatori</a> (1901-1997), geophysicist founder of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_Geophysical" title="Western Geophysical">Western Geophysical</a> an international oil exploration company for the purpose of using reflection seismology to explore petroleum.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Scarpa" title="Antonio Scarpa">Antonio Scarpa</a> (1752–1832), anatomist, famous for the anatomical eponyms <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Femoral_triangle" title="Femoral triangle">Scarpa triangle</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scarpa%27s_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarpa's ganglion">Scarpa ganglion</a> of the ear</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Schiaparelli" title="Giovanni Schiaparelli">Giovanni Schiaparelli</a> (1835–1910), astronomer and science historian who first observed lines on the surface of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, which he described as canals</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angelo_Secchi" title="Angelo Secchi">Angelo Secchi</a> (1818–1878), astronomer. He is known especially for his work in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopy</a> and was a pioneer in classifying <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Star" title="Star">stars</a> by their spectra</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> (1905–1989), physicist, known for his discovery of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antiproton" title="Antiproton">antiproton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Selmi" title="Francesco Selmi">Francesco Selmi</a> (1817–1881), chemist. One of the founders of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colloid_chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloid chemistry">colloid chemistry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_Sertoli" title="Enrico Sertoli">Enrico Sertoli</a> (1842–1910), physiologist and histologist. The discoverer of the cells of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seminiferous_tubules" class="mw-redirect" title="Seminiferous tubules">seminiferous tubules</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Testis" class="mw-redirect" title="Testis">testis</a> that bear his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sertoli_cell" title="Sertoli cell">name</a> (1865)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ascanio_Sobrero" title="Ascanio Sobrero">Ascanio Sobrero</a> (1812–1888), chemist, famous for having discovered the synthesis of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nitroglycerine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitroglycerine">nitroglycerine</a> (1846)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a> (1729–1799), biologist and physiologist, called the father of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artificial_insemination" title="Artificial insemination">artificial insemination</a> (done at Pavia in 1784)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Stelluti" title="Francesco Stelluti">Francesco Stelluti</a> (1577–1652), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> who worked in the fields of mathematics, microscopy, literature and astronomy; in 1625 he published the first accounts of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">microscopic observation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gasparo_Tagliacozzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gasparo Tagliacozzi">Gasparo Tagliacozzi</a> (1546–1599), plastic surgeon. He is considered a pioneer in the field; called the father of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">plastic surgery</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Fontana_Tartaglia" title="Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia">Niccolòa Tartaglia</a> (1499–1557), mathematician who originated the science of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">ballistics</a><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fabiola_Terzi" title="Fabiola Terzi">Fabiola Terzi</a> (born 1961), physician-scientist, known for her research on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease" title="Chronic kidney disease">chronic kidney disease</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Tiberio" title="Vincenzo Tiberio">Vincenzo Tiberio</a> (1869–1915), physician and researcher. He was one of many scientist to notice the antibacterial power of some types of mold before <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a>'s discovery of penicillin<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laura_Bassi" title="Laura Bassi">Laura Bassi</a> (1711–1778), scientist who was the first woman to become a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> professor at a European university</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Toaldo" title="Giuseppe Toaldo">Giuseppe Toaldo</a> (1719–1797), physicist, gave special attention to the study of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atmospheric_electricity" title="Atmospheric electricity">atmospheric electricity</a> and to the means of protecting buildings against <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli">Evangelista Torricelli</a> (1608–1647), physicist and mathematician, inventor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometer</a> (1643)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trotula" title="Trotula">Trotula</a> (11th–12th centuries), physician who wrote several influential works on women's medicine; whose texts on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gynecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynecology">gynecology</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">obstetrics</a> were widely used for several hundred years in Europe</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pellegrino_Turri" title="Pellegrino Turri">Pellegrino Turri</a> (1765–1828), built the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a> proven to have worked in 1808. He also invented <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carbon_paper" title="Carbon paper">carbon paper</a> (1806)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Urbani" title="Carlo Urbani">Carlo Urbani</a> (1956–2003), physician. The first person to discover <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">severe acute respiratory syndrome</a> (SARS) in 1998</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Vallisneri" title="Antonio Vallisneri">Antonio Vallisneri</a> (1661–1730), physician and naturalist who made numerous experiments in entomology and human organology, and combated the doctrine of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spontaneous_generation" title="Spontaneous generation">spontaneous generation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Maria_Valsalva" title="Antonio Maria Valsalva">Antonio Maria Valsalva</a> (1666–1723), professor of anatomy at Bologna. He described several anatomical features of the ear in his book, <i>De aure humana tractatus</i> (1704)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Costanzo_Varolio" title="Costanzo Varolio">Costanzo Varolio</a> (1543–1575), remembered for his studies on the anatomy of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a>, and his description of the pons that bears his name</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gabriele_Veneziano" title="Gabriele Veneziano">Gabriele Veneziano</a> (born 1942), theoretical physicist and a founder of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/String_theory" title="String theory">string theory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Venturi" title="Giovanni Battista Venturi">Giovanni Battista Venturi</a> (1746–1822), physicist. He was the discoverer and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">eponym</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venturi_effect" title="Venturi effect">Venturi effect</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emilio_Veratti" title="Emilio Veratti">Emilio Veratti</a> (1872–1967), anatomist who described the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sarcoplasmic_reticulum" title="Sarcoplasmic reticulum">sarcoplasmic reticulum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a> (1745–1827), electricity pioneer, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">eponym</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a>, inventor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">electric battery</a> (1800)<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vito_Volterra" title="Vito Volterra">Vito Volterra</a> (1860–1940), mathematician and physicist who strongly influenced the modern development of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calculus" title="Calculus">calculus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Zamboni" title="Giuseppe Zamboni">Giuseppe Zamboni</a> (1776–1846), physicist who invented the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zamboni_pile" title="Zamboni pile">Zamboni pile</a> (1812); a model of dry battery</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Zantedeschi" title="Francesco Zantedeschi">Francesco Zantedeschi</a> (1797–1873), physicist who published papers (1829, 1830) on the production of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electric_currents" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric currents">electric currents</a> in closed circuits by the approach and withdrawal of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonino_Zichichi" title="Antonino Zichichi">Antonino Zichichi</a> (born 1929), nuclear physicist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Zucchi" title="Niccolò Zucchi">Niccolò Zucchi</a> (1586–1670), astronomer and physicist. May have been the first to observe belts on the planet Jupiter with a telescope (on 17 May 1630), also claimed to have explored the idea of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reflecting_telescope" title="Reflecting telescope">reflecting telescope</a> in 1616, predating <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Sagredo" title="Giovanni Francesco Sagredo">Giovanni Francesco Sagredo</a>'s discussions of the same idea a few years later.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Zupi" title="Giovanni Battista Zupi">Giovanni Battista Zupi</a> (c. 1590 – 1650), astronomer and mathematician. The first person to discover that the planet <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> had <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbital</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Planetary_phase" title="Planetary phase">phases</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sculptors">Sculptors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Sculptors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_sculptors" title="Category:Italian sculptors">Category:Italian sculptors</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agostino_di_Duccio" title="Agostino di Duccio">Agostino di Duccio</a> (1418 – c. 1481), sculptor whose work is characterized by its linear decorativeness</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Amadeo" title="Giovanni Antonio Amadeo">Giovanni Antonio Amadeo</a> (c. 1447 – 1522), sculptor, architect and engineer; he took part in the sculpture of the great octagonal dome of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milan_Cathedral" title="Milan Cathedral">Milan Cathedral</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolomeo_Ammanati" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartolomeo Ammanati">Bartolomeo Ammanati</a> (1511–1592), sculptor and architect; his works, the two members of the del Monte family and the Fountains of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juno_(mythology)" title="Juno (mythology)">Juno</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neptune_(mythology)" title="Neptune (mythology)">Neptune</a>, are generally considered his masterpieces</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benedetto_Antelami" title="Benedetto Antelami">Benedetto Antelami</a> (c. 1150 – c. 1230), sculptor and architect. He is credited with the sculptural decorations of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fidenza" title="Fidenza">Fidenza</a> Cathedral and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferrara_Cathedral" title="Ferrara Cathedral">Ferrara Cathedral</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_di_Alessandro" title="Andrea di Alessandro">Andrea di Alessandro</a> 16th century, sculptor; responsible for the bronze candelabra in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Salute" title="Santa Maria della Salute">Santa Maria della Salute</a> church.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arnolfo_di_Cambio" title="Arnolfo di Cambio">Arnolfo di Cambio</a> (c. 1240 – 1300/1310), sculptor and architect; his sculptures have a strong sense of volume that shows the influence on him of antique Roman models</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolommeo_Bandinelli" title="Bartolommeo Bandinelli">Bartolommeo Bandinelli</a> (1493–1560), sculptor and painter; his most famous and conspicuous sculpture is <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hercules_and_Cacus" title="Hercules and Cacus">Hercules and Cacus</a></i> (1527–34), a pendant to Michelangelo's David</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renato_Barisani" title="Renato Barisani">Renato Barisani</a> (1918–2011), sculptor and painter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_Bartolini" title="Lorenzo Bartolini">Lorenzo Bartolini</a> (1777–1850), sculptor; his most imposing creation is the Nicola Demidoff monument in Florence</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benedetto_da_Maiano" title="Benedetto da Maiano">Benedetto da Maiano</a> (1442–1497), sculptor and architect; whose work is characterized by its decorative elegance and realistic detail<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a> (1598–1680), sculptor and architect during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> period; works include <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apollo_and_Daphne_(Bernini)" title="Apollo and Daphne (Bernini)">Apollo and Daphne</a></i> (1622–25) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ecstasy_of_Saint_Theresa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecstasy of Saint Theresa">Ecstasy of Saint Theresa</a></i> (1647–1652)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Umberto Boccioni</a> (1882–1916), painter and sculptor. The leading theorist of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">futurist art</a>; his sculpture, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unique_Forms_of_Continuity_in_Space" title="Unique Forms of Continuity in Space">Unique Forms of Continuity in Space</a></i> (1913) is generally considered his masterpiece</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Canova" title="Antonio Canova">Antonio Canova</a> (1757–1822), sculptor. Leading exponent of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassical</a> school; works include <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psyche_Revived_by_Cupid%27s_Kiss" title="Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss">Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss</a></i> (1787–93, 1800–03)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benvenuto_Cellini_(opera)" title="Benvenuto Cellini (opera)">Benvenuto Cellini</a> (1500–1571), goldsmith, medallist, sculptor and writer. He was one of the foremost Italian Mannerist artists of the 16th century<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Danti" title="Vincenzo Danti">Vincenzo Danti</a> (1530–1576), sculptor, architect, and writer, born in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a> and active mainly in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_della_Robbia" title="Andrea della Robbia">Andrea della Robbia</a> (1435–1525), sculptor; known for <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:A-della-Robbia-La-Verna.jpg" title="File:A-della-Robbia-La-Verna.jpg">Crucifixion</a></i> and the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:LaVerna_SantaMaria1.jpg" title="File:LaVerna SantaMaria1.jpg">Assumption of the Virgin</a></i> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Verna" title="La Verna">La Verna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Desiderio_da_Settignano" title="Desiderio da Settignano">Desiderio da Settignano</a> (c. 1430 – 1464), sculptor; his delicate, sensitive, original technique was best expressed in portrait busts of women and children</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donatello" title="Donatello">Donatello</a> (c. 1386 – 1466), sculptor, pioneer of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> style of natural, lifelike figures, such as the bronze statue <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_(Donatello)" title="David (Donatello)">David</a></i> (c. 1440)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Foggini" title="Giovanni Battista Foggini">Giovanni Battista Foggini</a> (1652–1725), sculptor and architect; the foremost <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florentine</a> sculptor of the late Baroque period</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Gagini" title="Domenico Gagini">Domenico Gagini</a> (1420–1492), sculptor. Although he worked at times in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> and Rome, he is known for his activity in northern Italy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silvio_Gazzaniga" title="Silvio Gazzaniga">Silvio Gazzaniga</a> (1921–2016), sculptor. His major works includes <a href="/enwiki/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_Trophy#FIFA_World_Cup_Trophy" title="FIFA World Cup Trophy">FIFA World Cup Trophy</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League" title="UEFA Europa League">UEFA Europa League</a> trophy and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UEFA_Supercup" class="mw-redirect" title="UEFA Supercup">UEFA Supercup</a> trophy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Gemito" title="Vincenzo Gemito">Vincenzo Gemito</a> (1852–1929), Italian sculptor, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Draughtsmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Draughtsmen">draughtsmen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_Ghiberti" title="Lorenzo Ghiberti">Lorenzo Ghiberti</a> (1378–1455), sculptor, goldsmith and designer active in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giambologna" title="Giambologna">Giambologna</a> (1529–1608), sculptor in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">mannerist</a> style; works include <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fountain_of_Neptune,_Bologna" title="Fountain of Neptune, Bologna">Fountain of Neptune</a> (1563–67) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Sabine_Women" title="The Rape of the Sabine Women">The Rape of the Sabine Women</a></i> (1574–80)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_della_Quercia" title="Jacopo della Quercia">Jacopo della Quercia</a> (c. 1374 – 1438), sculptor; he is especially noted for his imposing allegorical figures for the Gaia Fountain in Siena</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cesare_Lapini" title="Cesare Lapini">Cesare Lapini</a> (1848 – after 1890), sculptor; noted for both small marbles and larger work</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Laurana" title="Francesco Laurana">Francesco Laurana</a> (c. 1430 – 1502), sculptor; known for his portrait busts of women, characterized by serene, detached dignity and aristocratic elegance<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leone_Leoni" title="Leone Leoni">Leone Leoni</a> (1509–1590), sculptor and medalist; his most important works were kneeling bronze figures of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a>, with their families, for the sanctuary in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Escorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Escorial">Escorial</a><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tullio_Lombardo" title="Tullio Lombardo">Tullio Lombardo</a> (1460–1532), sculptor; he is noted for the mausoleum of Doge <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Mocenigo" title="Pietro Mocenigo">Pietro Mocenigo</a> in Santi Giovanni e Paolo and for other tombs, including that of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stefano_Maderno" title="Stefano Maderno">Stefano Maderno</a> (c. 1576 – 1636), sculptor. He was one of the leading sculptors in Rome during the papacy of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul V">Paul V</a> (1605–1621)<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Manz%C3%B9" title="Giacomo Manzù">Giacomo Manzù</a> (1908–1991), sculptor; known for his relief sculptures, which give contemporary dimensions to Christian themes</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marino_Marini_(sculptor)" title="Marino Marini (sculptor)">Marino Marini</a> (1901–1980), sculptor; known for his many vigorous sculptures of horses and horsemen (e.g., <i>Horse and Rider</i>, 1952–53)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arturo_Martini" title="Arturo Martini">Arturo Martini</a> (1889–1947), sculptor who was active between the World Wars. He is known for figurative sculptures executed in a wide variety of styles and materials</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> (1475–1564), sculptor and painter; one of the most famous artists in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_sculpture" class="mw-redirect" title="History of sculpture">history</a>; creations include <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i> (1499) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_(Michelangelo)" title="David (Michelangelo)">David</a></i> (1504)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mino_da_Fiesole" title="Mino da Fiesole">Mino da Fiesole</a> (c. 1429 – 1484), sculptor; he is noted for his portrait busts</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Angelo_Montorsoli" title="Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli">Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli</a> (c. 1506 – 1563), sculptor of the Michelangelesque school, and seems to have acted as assistant to Michelangelo</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nanni_di_Banco" title="Nanni di Banco">Nanni di Banco</a> (c. 1384 – 1421), sculptor; the classically influenced <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></i> (c. 1415) is considered his masterpiece</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_dell%27Arca" title="Niccolò dell'Arca">Niccolò dell'Arca</a> (c. 1435/1440–1494), sculptor. The Ragusa, Bari, and Apulia variants of his name suggest that he might have come from southern Italy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Pisano" title="Andrea Pisano">Andrea Pisano</a> (1290–1348), sculptor; his most important work, the first bronze doors of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence_Baptistery" title="Florence Baptistery">Baptistery in Florence</a>, was begun in 1330</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Pisano" title="Giovanni Pisano">Giovanni Pisano</a> (c. 1250 – c. 1315), sculptor, painter and architect; his most famous work is the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pulpit_of_St._Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulpit of St. Andrew">Pulpit of St. Andrew</a></i> (1301)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicola_Pisano" title="Nicola Pisano">Nicola Pisano</a> (1220/1225–1284), sometimes considered to be the founder of modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arnaldo_Pomodoro" title="Arnaldo Pomodoro">Arnaldo Pomodoro</a> (born 1926), sculptor; one of the most famous contemporary artists</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luca_della_Robbia" title="Luca della Robbia">Luca della Robbia</a> (1399/1400–1482), sculptor, the most famous member of a family of artists. Two of his famous works are <i>The Nativity</i> (c. 1460) and <i>Madonna and Child</i> (c. 1475)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernardo_Rossellino" title="Bernardo Rossellino">Bernardo Rossellino</a> (1409–1464), sculptor and architect. He was among the most distinguished Florentine marble sculptors in the second half of the 15th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Sanmartino" title="Giuseppe Sanmartino">Giuseppe Sanmartino</a> (1720–1793), sculptor; his masterpiece in this genre is the four <i>Virtues of Charles of Bourbon</i> (1763–4)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Sansovino" title="Andrea Sansovino">Andrea Sansovino</a> (c. 1467 – 1529), sculptor; his statues and reliefs for church decoration, such as the <i>Virgin and Child with St. Anne</i> (1512) at San Agostino, were greatly admired</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Torrigiano" title="Pietro Torrigiano">Pietro Torrigiano</a> (1472–1528), sculptor; his gilt bronze masterpiece, the tomb of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> and his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">queen</a>, is preserved in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vecchietta" title="Vecchietta">Vecchietta</a> (1410–1480), painter, sculptor, goldsmith, architect and military engineer. One of the most influential artists of the early Renaissance</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Vittoria" title="Alessandro Vittoria">Alessandro Vittoria</a> (1525–1608), sculptor. He was celebrated for his portrait busts and decorative work, much of which was created for the restoration of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doge%27s_Palace,_Venice" class="mw-redirect" title="Doge's Palace, Venice">Doge's Palace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vittorio_Santoro" title="Vittorio Santoro">Vittorio Santoro</a> (born 1962), Italian/Swiss artist working in sculptures, installations, audio works, works on paper, real-time activities and artist books.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sport_people">Sport people</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Sport people">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_sportspeople" title="Category:Italian sportspeople">Category:Italian sportspeople</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Agostini" title="Giacomo Agostini">Giacomo Agostini</a> (born 1942), motorcycle racer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fabian_Aichner" title="Fabian Aichner">Fabian Aichner</a> (born 1990), professional wrestler</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a> (born 1940), four-time <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IndyCar" title="IndyCar">IndyCar</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/F1" class="mw-redirect" title="F1">F1</a> world champion; one of only two drivers to win races in F1, IndyCar, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Sportscar_Championship" title="World Sportscar Championship">World Sportscar Championship</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a>; His record includes 109 career wins on major circuits.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberto_Ascari" title="Alberto Ascari">Alberto Ascari</a> (1918–1955), automobile racing driver; world champion driver in 1952 and 1953</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberto_Baggio" title="Roberto Baggio">Roberto Baggio</a> (born 1967), footballer, Italy's all time <a href="/enwiki/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> top scorer, former winner of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ballon_d%E2%80%99Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballon d’Or">Ballon d’Or</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/FIFA_World_Player_of_the_Year" title="FIFA World Player of the Year">FIFA World Player of the Year</a> (1993)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stefano_Baldini" title="Stefano Baldini">Stefano Baldini</a> (born 1971), retired runner</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacques_Balmat" title="Jacques Balmat">Jacques Balmat</a> (1762–1834), mountaineer, called <i>Le Mont Blanc</i>, often regarded as the "Father of Alpinism"; Together with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michel-Gabriel_Paccard" title="Michel-Gabriel Paccard">Michel-Gabriel Paccard</a>, he completed the first ever ascent of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a> (1786)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marco_Belinelli" title="Marco Belinelli">Marco Belinelli</a> (born 1986), NBA player for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Antonio_Spurs" title="San Antonio Spurs">San Antonio Spurs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Balotelli" title="Mario Balotelli">Mario Balotelli</a> (born 1990), footballer; 2010 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Golden_Boy" class="mw-redirect" title="European Golden Boy">European Golden Boy</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Euro_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro 2012">Euro 2012</a> co-leading scorer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Baresi" title="Franco Baresi">Franco Baresi</a> (born 1960), former footballer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Bargnani" title="Andrea Bargnani">Andrea Bargnani</a> (born 1985), basketball player with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Knicks" title="New York Knicks">New York Knicks</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gino_Bartali" title="Gino Bartali">Gino Bartali</a> (1914–2000), cyclist, won the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giro_d%27Italia" title="Giro d'Italia">Giro d'Italia</a> twice (in 1936 and 1937) and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> in 1938</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stefania_Belmondo" title="Stefania Belmondo">Stefania Belmondo</a> (born 1969), 10-time Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nino_Benvenuti" title="Nino Benvenuti">Nino Benvenuti</a> (born 1938), former boxer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Bergomi" title="Giuseppe Bergomi">Giuseppe Bergomi</a> (born 1963), former professional footballer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anton_Bernard" title="Anton Bernard">Anton Bernard</a> (born 1989), professional ice hockey</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_Bernardi" title="Lorenzo Bernardi">Lorenzo Bernardi</a> (born 1968), volleyball player; Elected by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/FIVB" class="mw-redirect" title="FIVB">FIVB</a> "Volleyball Player of the Century" in 2001</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matteo_Berrettini" title="Matteo Berrettini">Matteo Berrettini</a> (born 1996), tennis player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Bettini" title="Paolo Bettini">Paolo Bettini</a> (born 1974), road racing cyclist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nino_Bibbia" title="Nino Bibbia">Nino Bibbia</a> (1922–2013), one of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Skeleton" title="Skeleton">skeleton</a>'s great, Italy's first Winter Olympic gold medalist. In his illustrious career, he earned 231 golds, 97 silvers, and 84 bronzes; The World's most prestigious race is named after him</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierluigi_Bini" title="Pierluigi Bini">Pierluigi Bini</a>, rock climber</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonardo_Bonucci" title="Leonardo Bonucci">Leonardo Bonucci</a> (born 1987), football player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianluigi_Buffon" title="Gianluigi Buffon">Gianluigi Buffon</a> (born 1978), footballer; goalkeeper.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Cairoli" title="Tony Cairoli">Tony Cairoli</a> (born 1985), eight-time Grand Prix <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Motocross" title="Motocross">motocross</a> world champion; record of 144 races wins and 72 Grand Prix wins make him the second most successful in motocross history</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberto_Cammarelle" title="Roberto Cammarelle">Roberto Cammarelle</a> (born 1980), former boxer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fabio_Cannavaro" title="Fabio Cannavaro">Fabio Cannavaro</a> (born 1973), footballer; centre back; won the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/FIFA_World_Player_of_the_Year" title="FIFA World Player of the Year">FIFA World Player of the Year</a> award in 2006.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Primo_Carnera" title="Primo Carnera">Primo Carnera</a> (1906–1967), heavyweight boxing champion of the world</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jury_Chechi" title="Jury Chechi">Jury Chechi</a> (born 1969), gymnast, nicknamed "The Lord of the Rings"; first athlete in the sport to win five consecutive world championships gold medals in the same event</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierluigi_Collina" title="Pierluigi Collina">Pierluigi Collina</a> (born 1960), football referee</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deborah_Compagnoni" title="Deborah Compagnoni">Deborah Compagnoni</a> (born 1970), alpine skier; won three gold medals at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics" title="1992 Winter Olympics">1992</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics" title="1994 Winter Olympics">1994</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Winter Olympics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fausto_Coppi" title="Fausto Coppi">Fausto Coppi</a> (1919–1960), cyclist; successes earned him the title <i>Il Campionissimo</i>, or <i>champion of champions</i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umberto_De_Morpurgo" class="mw-redirect" title="Umberto De Morpurgo">Umberto De Morpurgo</a> (1896–1961), tennis player, highest world ranking # 8, Olympic bronze (singles)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Del_Piero" title="Alessandro Del Piero">Alessandro Del Piero</a> (born 1974), footballer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frankie_Dettori" title="Frankie Dettori">Frankie Dettori</a> (born 1970)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Klaus_Dibiasi" title="Klaus Dibiasi">Klaus Dibiasi</a> (born 1947), diver, the only Olympic diver to have won three successive gold medals and the only one to win medals at four Summer Olympics</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessio_Di_Chirico" title="Alessio Di Chirico">Alessio Di Chirico</a> (born 1989), mixed martial arts fighter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Farina" title="Giuseppe Farina">Giuseppe Farina</a> (1906–1966), racing driver; first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> World Champion</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari" title="Enzo Ferrari">Enzo Ferrari</a> (1898–1988), race car driver and entrepreneur, founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Prix_motor_racing" title="Grand Prix motor racing">Grand Prix motor racing</a> team</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Fioravanti" title="Domenico Fioravanti">Domenico Fioravanti</a> (born 1977), retired swimmer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roland_Fischnaller_(snowboarder)" title="Roland Fischnaller (snowboarder)">Roland Fischnaller</a> (born 1980), snowboarder</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giancarlo_Fisichella" title="Giancarlo Fisichella">Giancarlo Fisichella</a> (born 1973), former Formula One driver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fabio_Fognini" title="Fabio Fognini">Fabio Fognini</a> (born 1987), professional tennis player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Danilo_Gallinari" title="Danilo Gallinari">Danilo Gallinari</a> (born 1988), No.6 pick in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2008_NBA_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 NBA Draft">2008 NBA Draft</a>, NBA player for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Thunder" title="Oklahoma City Thunder">Oklahoma City Thunder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maurice_Garin" title="Maurice Garin">Maurice Garin</a> (1871–1957), first giant of Italian cycling, known for winning the inaugural <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> in 1903</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Giani" title="Andrea Giani">Andrea Giani</a> (born 1970), coach and retired volleyball player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Camila_Giorgi" title="Camila Giorgi">Camila Giorgi</a> (born 1991), tennis player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Giovinazzi" title="Antonio Giovinazzi">Antonio Giovinazzi</a> (born 1993), racing driver currently competing for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_Racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfa Romeo Racing">Alfa Romeo Racing</a> in Formula One</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Hildgartner" title="Paul Hildgartner">Paul Hildgartner</a> (born 1952), luger</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josefa_Idem" title="Josefa Idem">Josefa Idem</a> (born 1964), one of sprint canoeing's legends, winner of 38 international medals among <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>, World and European Championships; Her eight <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Olympic_appearances&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olympic appearances (page does not exist)">Olympic appearances</a> is a female record</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christof_Innerhofer" title="Christof Innerhofer">Christof Innerhofer</a> (born 1984), alpine skier, won the men's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Super_Giant_Slalom_skiing" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Giant Slalom skiing">Super-G</a> at the world Alpine championships in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchen" title="Garmisch-Partenkirchen">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a>, Germany</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duilio_Loi" title="Duilio Loi">Duilio Loi</a> (1929–2008), boxer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Maldini" title="Paolo Maldini">Paolo Maldini</a> (born 1968), footballer; centre back.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edoardo_Mangiarotti" title="Edoardo Mangiarotti">Edoardo Mangiarotti</a> (1919–2012), won more Olympic titles and World championships than any other fencer in history</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Meazza" title="Giuseppe Meazza">Giuseppe Meazza</a> (1910–1979), footballer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dino_Meneghin" title="Dino Meneghin">Dino Meneghin</a> (born 1950), basketball player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Mennea" title="Pietro Mennea">Pietro Mennea</a> (1952–2013), sprinter and politician; was the 1980 Moscow Olympic 200 meter champion, and also held the 200 m world record for 17 years</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Reinhold Messner</a> (born 1944), mountaineer and explorer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stefano_Modena" title="Stefano Modena">Stefano Modena</a> (born 1963), racing driver from Italy, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/FIA_European_Formula_Three_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="FIA European Formula Three Cup">FIA European Formula Three Cup</a> champion in 1986 and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Formula_3000" title="International Formula 3000">International Formula 3000</a> champion in 1987; participated in 81 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> Grands Prix during the years 1987–1992</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Molinari" title="Francesco Molinari">Francesco Molinari</a> (born 1982), professional golfer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugenio_Monti" title="Eugenio Monti">Eugenio Monti</a> (1928–2003), bobsledder, most successful athlete in the history of bobsled with 9 World championship gold medals and 6 Olympic medals, and first ever to receive the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin_medal" title="Pierre de Coubertin medal">Pierre de Coubertin medal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uberto_De_Morpurgo" title="Uberto De Morpurgo">Uberto De Morpurgo</a> (1896–1961), Austrian-born Italian tennis player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlton_Myers" title="Carlton Myers">Carlton Myers</a> (born 1971), basketball player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nedo_Nadi" title="Nedo Nadi">Nedo Nadi</a> (1894–1940), fencer; only one to win a gold medal in each of the three weapons at a single Olympic Games</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Nesta" title="Alessandro Nesta">Alessandro Nesta</a> (born 1976), footballer; defender</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Nibali" title="Vincenzo Nibali">Vincenzo Nibali</a> (born 1984), professional road bicycle racer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tazio_Nuvolari" title="Tazio Nuvolari">Tazio Nuvolari</a> (1892–1953), motorcycle and racecar driver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patrizio_Oliva" title="Patrizio Oliva">Patrizio Oliva</a> (born 1959), former boxer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marco_Pantani" title="Marco Pantani">Marco Pantani</a> (1970–2004), cyclist, won both the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a>, cycling's premier road race, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giro_d%27Italia" title="Giro d'Italia">Giro d'Italia</a> in 1998</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dominik_Paris" title="Dominik Paris">Dominik Paris</a> (born 1989), alpine skier</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sergio_Parisse" title="Sergio Parisse">Sergio Parisse</a> (born 1983), rugby union player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umberto_Pelizzari" title="Umberto Pelizzari">Umberto Pelizzari</a> (born 1965), free diver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Felix_Peselj" title="Felix Peselj">Felix Peselj</a> (born 1990), World Cup Nordic combined skier</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgio_Petrosyan" title="Giorgio Petrosyan">Giorgio Petrosyan</a> (born 1985), kickboxer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Pirlo" title="Andrea Pirlo">Andrea Pirlo</a> (born 1979), footballer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianmarco_Pozzecco" title="Gianmarco Pozzecco">Gianmarco Pozzecco</a> (born 1972), basketball player, an all-around offensive talent; won, for seven years, the ranking for the top assist men in the Italian League</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaetano_Poziello" title="Gaetano Poziello">Gaetano Poziello</a> (born 1975), footballer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianni_Rivera" title="Gianni Rivera">Gianni Rivera</a> (born 1943), former footballer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Costantino_Rocca" title="Costantino Rocca">Costantino Rocca</a> (born 1956), most successful male golfer that Italy has produced</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Rossi" title="Antonio Rossi">Antonio Rossi</a> (born 1968), sprint canoer who has competed since the early 1990s</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Rossi" title="Paolo Rossi">Paolo Rossi</a> (born 1956), footballer; is listed among Pelé's 125 all-time greatest footballers</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valentino_Rossi" title="Valentino Rossi">Valentino Rossi</a> (born 1979), motorcycle racer; one of the most successful motorcycle racers of all time</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clemente_Russo" title="Clemente Russo">Clemente Russo</a> (born 1982), boxer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessio_Sakara" title="Alessio Sakara">Alessio Sakara</a> (born 1981), mixed martial arts fighter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alex_Schwazer" title="Alex Schwazer">Alex Schwazer</a> (born 1984), race walker</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sara_Simeoni" title="Sara Simeoni">Sara Simeoni</a> (born 1953), high jumper; won a gold medal at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Summer Olympics</a> and twice set a world record in the women's high jump</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jannik_Sinner" title="Jannik Sinner">Jannik Sinner</a> (born 2001), tennis player</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Limbergo_Taccola" title="Limbergo Taccola">Limbergo Taccola</a> (1928–2003), footballer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Tagliani" title="Francesco Tagliani">Francesco Tagliani</a> (1914–?), fotballer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marco_Tardelli" title="Marco Tardelli">Marco Tardelli</a> (born 1954), former football player and manager</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gustavo_Thoeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavo Thoeni">Gustavo Thoeni</a> (born 1951), skier; His record of four overall World Cup titles in five years are exceeded only by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marc_Girardelli" title="Marc Girardelli">Marc Girardelli</a>'s five</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberto_Tomba" title="Alberto Tomba">Alberto Tomba</a> (born 1966), alpine skier, known as <i>Tomba la Bomba</i>; Earned 3 Olympic gold medals and 9 World Cup trophies winning 50 events</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Totti" title="Francesco Totti">Francesco Totti</a> (born 1976), footballer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alex_Treves" title="Alex Treves">Alex Treves</a> (born 1929), Italian-born American Olympic fencer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jarno_Trulli" title="Jarno Trulli">Jarno Trulli</a> (born 1974), former Formula One driver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ondina_Valla" title="Ondina Valla">Ondina Valla</a> (1916–2006), athlete; first Italian woman to win an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> gold medal</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marvin_Vettori" title="Marvin Vettori">Marvin Vettori</a> (born 1993), mixed martial arts fighter</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valentina_Vezzali" title="Valentina Vezzali">Valentina Vezzali</a> (born 1974), female fencer; One of only four athletes in the history of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympic Games</a> to have won five medals in the same individual event</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christian_Vieri" title="Christian Vieri">Christian Vieri</a> (born 1973), footballer; one of the finest strikers in Europe</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dorothea_Wierer" title="Dorothea Wierer">Dorothea Wierer</a> (born 1990), professional biathlete</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alex_Zanardi" title="Alex Zanardi">Alex Zanardi</a> (born 1966), racing driver; won two <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Champ_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="Champ Car">CART</a> championship titles in North America during the late 1990s</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dino_Zoff" title="Dino Zoff">Dino Zoff</a> (born 1942), football goalkeeper</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Armin_Z%C3%B6ggeler" title="Armin Zöggeler">Armin Zöggeler</a> (born 1974), luger; nicknamed <i>Il Cannibale</i>; first Olympian ever, summer or winter, to win six consecutive medals in the same individual event; also holds a record of 10 World Cup titles and 57 victories</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianfranco_Zola" title="Gianfranco Zola">Gianfranco Zola</a> (born 1966), footballer; voted Chelsea's best player in the centenary celebrations of 2005</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Writers_and_philosophers">Writers and philosophers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Writers and philosophers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_journalists" title="List of Italian journalists">List of Italian journalists</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_philosophers" title="List of Italian philosophers">List of Italian philosophers</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_writers" title="List of Italian writers">List of Italian writers</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ancient_and_Late_Antique">Ancient and Late Antique</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Ancient and Late Antique">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latin_literature" title="Latin literature">Latin literature</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Latin-language_writers" title="Category:Latin-language writers">Category:Latin-language writers</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_Roman_Italy" title="Category:Philosophers of Roman Italy">Category:Philosophers of Roman Italy</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucius_Accius" title="Lucius Accius">Lucius Accius</a> (170 BC–c. 86 BC), Roman poet. Author of more than 40 tragedies with subjects taken from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Livius_Andronicus" title="Livius Andronicus">Livius Andronicus</a> (c. 284 BC–c. 204 BC), founder of Roman epic poetry and drama<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arator" title="Arator">Arator</a> (480/490–?), Christian poet, his best known work, <i>De Actibus Apostolorum</i>, is a verse history of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostles">Apostles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a> (470/475–524), Roman scholar, Christian philosopher, and statesman, author of the celebrated <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Consolation_of_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolation of Philosophy">De consolatione philosophiae</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cassiodorus" title="Cassiodorus">Cassiodorus</a> (490 – c. 585), historian, statesman, and monk who helped to save the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Culture_of_ancient_Rome" title="Culture of ancient Rome">culture of Rome</a> at a time of impending barbarism<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catullus" title="Catullus">Catullus</a> (c. 84 BC–c. 54 BC), Roman poet whose expressions of love and hatred are generally considered the finest lyric poetry of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a><sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ennius" title="Ennius">Ennius</a> (239 BC–169 BC), epic poet, dramatist, and satirist, the most influential of the early Latin poets, rightly called the founder of Roman literature<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Firmicus_Maternus" title="Julius Firmicus Maternus">Julius Firmicus Maternus</a> (?–?), Christian Latin writer and astrologer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaius_Valerius_Flaccus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Valerius Flaccus">Gaius Valerius Flaccus</a> (?–c. 90), Roman poet. He wrote an eight-book epic, the <i>Argonautica</i>, on Jason's fabled quest for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golden_Fleece" title="Golden Fleece">Golden Fleece</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venantius_Fortunatus" title="Venantius Fortunatus">Venantius Fortunatus</a> (c. 540 – c. 600), poet and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Poitiers" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Poitiers">bishop of Poitiers</a>, whose Latin poems and hymns combine echoes of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">classical Latin</a> poets with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medieval_literature" title="Medieval literature">medieval tone</a><sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Frontinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sextus Julius Frontinus">Sextus Julius Frontinus</a> (c. 40–103), Roman administrator and writer. His most famous work <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/De_aquaeductu" title="De aquaeductu">De aquaeductu</a></i>, in two books written after he was appointed curator of the Roman water-supply (97)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aulus_Gellius" title="Aulus Gellius">Aulus Gellius</a> (c. 125–after 180), Latin author and grammarian remembered for his miscellany <i>Attic Nights</i>, in which many fragments of lost works are preserved</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a> (65 BC–8 BC), Roman poet, outstanding Latin lyric poet and satirist under the emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juvenal" title="Juvenal">Juvenal</a> (55/60–127), most powerful of all Roman satiric poets<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a> (59/64 BC–AD 17), one of the great Roman historians<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucretius" title="Lucretius">Lucretius</a> (c. 99 BC–c. 55 BC), Roman poet and philosopher known for his single, long poem, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/De_rerum_natura" title="De rerum natura">De rerum natura</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gnaeus_Naevius" title="Gnaeus Naevius">Gnaeus Naevius</a> (c. 270 BC–c. 200 BC), second of a triad of early Latin epic poets and dramatists, between Livius Andronicus and Ennius<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cornelius_Nepos" title="Cornelius Nepos">Cornelius Nepos</a> (c. 100 BC–c. 25 BC), Roman biographer. His only extant work is a collection of biographies, mostly from a lost larger work, <i>De Viris Illustribus</i> (on illustrious men)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> (43 BC–17 AD), Roman poet noted especially for his <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ars_amatoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ars amatoria">Ars amatoria</a></i> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Persius" title="Persius">Persius</a> (34–62), Roman satirist, author of six satires, which show the influence of Horace and of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a> and which were imitated by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Donne" title="John Donne">John Donne</a> and translated by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a> (1692)<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Petronius" title="Petronius">Petronius</a> (d. 66 AD), reputed author of the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Satyricon" title="Satyricon">Satyricon</a></i>, a literary portrait of Roman society of the 1st century AD<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plautus" title="Plautus">Plautus</a> (c. 254 BC–184 BC), Roman comic dramatist, whose works, loosely adapted from Greek plays, established a truly Roman drama in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin language</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> (23–79), Roman savant and author of the celebrated <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pliny_the_Younger" title="Pliny the Younger">Pliny the Younger</a> (61/62–c. 113),<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a></sup> Roman author and administrator</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sextus_Propertius" class="mw-redirect" title="Sextus Propertius">Sextus Propertius</a> (55/43 BC–16 BC), elegiac poet of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaius_Musonius_Rufus" title="Gaius Musonius Rufus">Gaius Musonius Rufus</a> (1st century AD), Roman Stoic philosopher, known as the teacher of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epictetus" title="Epictetus">Epictetus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sallust" title="Sallust">Sallust</a> (86 BC–35/34 BC), Roman historian and one of the great Latin literary stylists<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silius_Italicus" title="Silius Italicus">Silius Italicus</a> (c. 26–102), Roman poet and politician. He was the author of the longest surviving Latin poem, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Punica_(poem)" title="Punica (poem)">Punica</a></i>, an epic in 17 books on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a> (218–202 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a> (c. 45–c. 96), one of the principal Roman epic and lyric poets of the Silver Age of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latin_literature" title="Latin literature">Latin literature</a> (18–133)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a> (69–after 122), Roman biographer and antiquarian whose writings include <i>De viris illustribus</i> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Twelve_Caesars" title="The Twelve Caesars">De vita Caesarum</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus" title="Quintus Aurelius Symmachus">Quintus Aurelius Symmachus</a> (c. 345–402), Roman statesman, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orator" title="Orator">orator</a> and writer who was a leading opponent of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tibullus" title="Tibullus">Tibullus</a> (c. 55 BC–c. 19 BC), Roman poet</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Terentius_Varro" title="Marcus Terentius Varro">Marcus Terentius Varro</a> (116 BC–27 BC), scholar and satirist, known for his <i>Saturae Menippeae</i><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Velleius_Paterculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Velleius Paterculus">Marcus Velleius Paterculus</a> (c. 19 BC–c. AD 31), Roman historian. Author of a short history of Rome which he wrote to commemorate the consulship of his friend Marcus Vinicius (AD 30)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> (70 BC–19 BC), Roman poet, known for his national epic, the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Middle_Ages">The Middle Ages</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: The Middle Ages">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Italian literature</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_writers" title="Category:Italian writers">Category:Italian writers</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_philosophers" title="Category:Italian philosophers">Category:Italian philosophers</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albertanus_of_Brescia" title="Albertanus of Brescia">Albertanus of Brescia</a> (c. 1195 – c. 1251), Latin prose writer; known work is <i>Liber consolationis et consilii</i> ("The book of consolation and council")</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> (1265–1321), poet; known for the epic poem <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Divine_Comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Divine Comedy">The Divine Comedy</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cecco_Angiolieri" title="Cecco Angiolieri">Cecco Angiolieri</a> (c. 1260 – c. 1312), poet who is considered by some the first master of Italian comic verse<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a> (1033–1109), founder of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a>; he was one of the most important Christian thinkers of the 11th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> (c. 1225 – 1274), philosopher and theologian in the scholastic tradition; his most influential work is the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Summa_Theologica" title="Summa Theologica">Summa Theologica</a></i> (1265–1274) which consists of three parts<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a> (1221–1274), leading medieval theologian, philosopher, minister general of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franciscan_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan order">Franciscan order</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Albano" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano">cardinal bishop of Albano</a>. He wrote several works on the spiritual life</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boncompagno_da_Signa" title="Boncompagno da Signa">Boncompagno da Signa</a> (c. 1165/1175–1240), philosopher, grammarian and historian</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guido_Cavalcanti" title="Guido Cavalcanti">Guido Cavalcanti</a> (c. 1255 – 1300), poet, a major figure among the Florentine poets</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gioacchino_da_Fiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Gioacchino da Fiore">Gioacchino da Fiore</a> (1130–1202), theologian, mystic and esotericist. His thoughts inspired many philosophical movements as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joachimites" title="Joachimites">Joachimites</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florians" title="Florians">Florians</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dino_Compagni" title="Dino Compagni">Dino Compagni</a> (c. 1255 – 1324), historical writer and political figure</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_d%27Abano" title="Pietro d'Abano">Pietro d'Abano</a> (1257–1315), physician, philosopher, and astrologer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bonvesin_da_la_Riva" title="Bonvesin da la Riva">Bonvesin da la Riva</a> (c. 1240 – c. 1313), poet and writer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a> (1181/1182–1226), founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> orders of the Friars Minor</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_da_Lentini" title="Giacomo da Lentini">Giacomo da Lentini</a> (<i>fl.</i> 13th century), poet. He is traditionally credited with the invention of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sonnet" title="Sonnet">sonnet</a><sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guido_delle_Colonne" title="Guido delle Colonne">Guido delle Colonne</a> (c. 1215 – c. 1290), jurist, poet, and Latin prose writer; author of a prose narrative of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a> entitled <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historia_destructionis_Troiae" title="Historia destructionis Troiae">Historia destructionis Troiae</a></i> (completed about 1287)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guido_Guinizelli" title="Guido Guinizelli">Guido Guinizelli</a> (c. 1230 – 1276), considered a precursor of Dante and the originator of the so-called <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dolce_stil_novo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolce stil novo">dolce stil novo</a></i>, or sweet new style<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guittone_d%27Arezzo" title="Guittone d'Arezzo">Guittone d'Arezzo</a> (c. 1235 – 1294), poet and the founder of the Tuscan School</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacobus_de_Voragine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobus de Voragine">Jacobus de Voragine</a> (1228/30–1298), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Genoa" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa">archbishop of Genoa</a>, chronicler, and author of the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golden_Legend" title="Golden Legend">Golden Legend</a>;</i> one of the most popular religious works of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopone_da_Todi" title="Jacopone da Todi">Jacopone da Todi</a> (c. 1230 – 1306), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> poet; he wrote many ardent, mystical poems and is probably the author of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> poem <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stabat_Mater_Dolorosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabat Mater Dolorosa">Stabat Mater Dolorosa</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lanfranc" title="Lanfranc">Lanfranc</a> (c. 1005 – 1089), philosopher and theologian</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brunetto_Latini" title="Brunetto Latini">Brunetto Latini</a> (c. 1220 – 1294), philosopher, scholar and statesman; wrote, in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <i>Li livres dou tresor</i>, the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">encyclopedia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Peter Lombard</a> (c. 1100 – 1160), theologian; his philosophical work, the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Four_Books_of_Sentences" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Books of Sentences">Four Books of Sentences</a></i>, was the standard <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theological" class="mw-redirect" title="Theological">theological</a> text of the Middle Ages<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marsilius_of_Padua" title="Marsilius of Padua">Marsilius of Padua</a> (1270–1342), political philosopher, whose work <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Defensor_pacis" title="Defensor pacis">Defensor pacis</a></i> ("Defender of the Peace"), one of the most revolutionary of medieval documents</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matthew_of_Aquasparta" title="Matthew of Aquasparta">Matthew of Aquasparta</a> (1240–1302), Franciscan and scholastic philosopher</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_of_Cesena" title="Michael of Cesena">Michael of Cesena</a> (c. 1270 – 1342), Franciscan, general of that Order, and theologian</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_of_Celano" title="Thomas of Celano">Thomas of Celano</a> (c. 1200 – c. 1255), Friar Minor and poet; author of three <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiographies</a> about Saint Francis of Assisi</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Villani" title="Giovanni Villani">Giovanni Villani</a> (c. 1275 – 1348), chronicler whose European attitude to history foreshadowed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a><sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Humanism_and_the_Renaissance_2">Humanism and the Renaissance</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Humanism and the Renaissance">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Aretino" title="Pietro Aretino">Pietro Aretino</a> (1492–1556), writer and satirist; known for his literary attacks on his wealthy and powerful contemporaries and for six volumes of letters</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ludovico_Ariosto" title="Ludovico Ariosto">Ludovico Ariosto</a> (1474–1533), poet remembered for his epic poem <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orlando_furioso" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando furioso">Orlando furioso</a></i> (1516)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Bembo" title="Pietro Bembo">Pietro Bembo</a> (1470–1547), cardinal who wrote one of the earliest <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_grammar" title="Italian grammar">Italian grammars</a> and assisted in establishing the Italian literary language<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Berni" title="Francesco Berni">Francesco Berni</a> (1497/98–1535), poet; important for the distinctive style of his Italian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burlesque_(literary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burlesque (literary)">burlesque</a>, which was called bernesco and imitated by many poets<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Giovanni Boccaccio</a> (1313–1375), poet and scholar, author of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/De_mulieribus_claris" class="mw-redirect" title="De mulieribus claris">De mulieribus claris</a></i>, the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decameron" class="mw-redirect" title="Decameron">Decameron</a></i> and poems in the vernacular</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matteo_Maria_Boiardo" title="Matteo Maria Boiardo">Matteo Maria Boiardo</a> (1440/41–1494), poet whose <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orlando_innamorato" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando innamorato">Orlando innamorato</a></i>, the first poem to combine elements of both Arthurian and Carolingian traditions of romance<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Botero" title="Giovanni Botero">Giovanni Botero</a> (c. 1544 – 1617), philosopher and diplomat, known for his work <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Reason_of_State" title="The Reason of State">The Reason of State</a></i> (1589)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Da_Porto" title="Luigi Da Porto">Luigi Da Porto</a> (1485–1530), writer and storiographer, better known as the author of the novel <i>Novella novamente ritrovata</i> with the story of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a>, later adapted by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> for his famous drama</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Leonardo Bruni</a> (c. 1370 – 1444), a leading historian of his time. He wrote <i>History of the Florentine People</i> (1414–15); is generally considered the first modern work of history</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a> (1548–1600), philosopher; his major metaphysical works, <i>De la causa, principio, et Uno</i> (1584) and <i>De l'infinito universo et Mondi</i> (1584), were published in France</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulio_Camillo" title="Giulio Camillo">Giulio Camillo</a> (c. 1480 – 1544), philosopher; known for his <i>theatre</i>, described in his posthumously published work <i>L’Idea del Theatro</i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baldassare_Castiglione" title="Baldassare Castiglione">Baldassare Castiglione</a> (1478–1529), courtier, diplomat and writer, known for his dialogue <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Book_of_the_Courtier" title="The Book of the Courtier">The Book of the Courtier</a></i> ; one of the great books of its time<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Colonna_(writer)" title="Francesco Colonna (writer)">Francesco Colonna</a> (1433–1527), author of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypnerotomachia_Poliphili" title="Hypnerotomachia Poliphili">Hypnerotomachia Poliphili</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)" title="Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)">Cesare Cremonini</a> (1550–1631), Aristotelian philosopher at Padua University</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Equicola" title="Mario Equicola">Mario Equicola</a> (c. 1470 – 1525), writer; author of <i>Libro de natura de amore</i> (1525) and <i>Istituzioni del comporre in ogni sorta di rima della lingua volgare</i> (1541)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino" title="Marsilio Ficino">Marsilio Ficino</a> (1433–1499), philosopher; his chief work was <i>Theologia Platonica de immortalitate animae</i> (1482), in which he combined Christian theology and Neoplatonic elements</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Filelfo" title="Francesco Filelfo">Francesco Filelfo</a> (1398–1481), writer; author of pieces in prose, published under the title <i>Convivia Mediolanensia</i>, and a great many <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> translations from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Veronica_Franco" title="Veronica Franco">Veronica Franco</a> (1546–1591), poet and high-ranking courtesan; famous in her day for her intellectual and artistic accomplishments</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Guarini" title="Giovanni Battista Guarini">Giovanni Battista Guarini</a> (1538–1612), poet who, with Torquato Tasso, is credited with establishing the form of a new <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Literary_genre" title="Literary genre">literary genre</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">pastoral</a> drama<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini" title="Francesco Guicciardini">Francesco Guicciardini</a> (1483–1540), historian; author of the most important contemporary <i>History of Italy</i> (1537/1540); the masterwork of Italian historical literature of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cristoforo_Landino" title="Cristoforo Landino">Cristoforo Landino</a> (1424–1498), writer; he wrote three works framed as philosophical dialogues: <i>De anima</i> (1453), <i>De vera nobilitate</i> (1469), and the <i>Disputationes Camaldulenses</i> (c. 1474)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Niccolò Machiavelli</a> (1469–1527), political philosopher and writer; known for his <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Prince" title="The Prince">The Prince</a></i> (written in 1513 and published in 1532); one of the world's most famous essays on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giannozzo_Manetti" title="Giannozzo Manetti">Giannozzo Manetti</a> (1396–1459), politician and diplomat; significant scholar of the early Italian Renaissance</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Girolamo_Mei" title="Girolamo Mei">Girolamo Mei</a> (1519–1594), writer; his treatise <i>De modis musicis antiquorum</i> (a study of ancient Greek music) greatly influenced the ideas of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florentine_Camerata" title="Florentine Camerata">Florentine Camerata</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guidobaldo_del_Monte" title="Guidobaldo del Monte">Guidobaldo del Monte</a> (1545–1607), mathematician, philosopher and astronomer; known for his work <i>Mechanicorum Liber</i> (1577)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianfrancesco_Straparola" class="mw-redirect" title="Gianfrancesco Straparola">Gianfrancesco Straparola</a> (1480–1557), writer, whose collection of 75 stories <i>Le piacevoli notti</i> contains the first known versions of many popular fairy tales. Along with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giambattista_Basile" title="Giambattista Basile">Basile</a>, he set the standards for the literary form of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agostino_Nifo" title="Agostino Nifo">Agostino Nifo</a> (c. 1473 – 1538 or 1545), philosopher and commentator; his principal works are: <i>De intellectu et daemonibus</i> (1492) and <i>De immortalitate animi</i> (1518/1524)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marius_Nizolius" title="Marius Nizolius">Marius Nizolius</a> (1498–1576), philosopher and scholar; his major work was the <i>Thesaurus Ciceronianus</i>, published in 1535</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franciscus_Patricius" title="Franciscus Patricius">Franciscus Patricius</a> (1529–1597), philosopher and scientist. His two great works: <i>Discussionum peripateticorum libri XV</i> (1571) and <i>Nova de universis philosophia</i> (1591)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a> (1304–1374), scholar and poet; his <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Il_Canzoniere" title="Il Canzoniere">Il Canzoniere</a></i> had enormous influence on the poets of the 15th and 16th centuries</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Piccolomini" title="Alessandro Piccolomini">Alessandro Piccolomini</a> (1508–1579), philosopher; his works include <i>Il Dialogo della bella creanza delle donne, o Raffaella</i> (1539) and the comedies <i>Amor costante</i> (1536) and <i>Alessandro</i> (1544)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola</a> (1463–1494), scholar and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Platonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Platonist">Platonist</a> philosopher; his <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oration_on_the_Dignity_of_Man" title="Oration on the Dignity of Man">Oration on the Dignity of Man</a></i> (1486) is better known than any other philosophical text of the 15th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolomeo_Platina" title="Bartolomeo Platina">Bartolomeo Platina</a> (1421–1481), writer and gastronomist. Author of <i>Lives of the Popes</i> (1479); the first systematic handbook of papal history and <i>On honourable pleasure and health</i> (1465); the world's first printed cookbook</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poliziano" title="Poliziano">Poliziano</a> (1454–1494), poet and philologist; among his works: <i>Stanze per la giostra</i> (incomplete) and <i>Orfeo</i> (1475)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Pomponazzi" title="Pietro Pomponazzi">Pietro Pomponazzi</a> (1462–1525), philosopher; his principal work is <i>On the Immortality of the Soul</i> (1516)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simone_Porzio" title="Simone Porzio">Simone Porzio</a> (1496–1554), philosopher. His principal works are: <i>An homo bonus, vel malus volens fiat</i> (1551) and <i>De mente humana</i> (1551)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Pucci" title="Francesco Pucci">Francesco Pucci</a> (1543–1597), philosopher; author of <i>Forma d'una repubblica cattolica</i> (1581)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Pulci" title="Luigi Pulci">Luigi Pulci</a> (1432–1484), poet; he ridiculed the heroic poems of his time in his mock epic <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morgante" title="Morgante">Morgante</a></i> (1478, 1483)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ottavio_Rinuccini" title="Ottavio Rinuccini">Ottavio Rinuccini</a> (1562–1621), poet, courtier and opera librettist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coluccio_Salutati" title="Coluccio Salutati">Coluccio Salutati</a> (1331–1406), philosopher, man of letters and a skilled writer; Coluccio drew heavily upon the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classical tradition</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacopo_Sannazaro" title="Jacopo Sannazaro">Jacopo Sannazaro</a> (1456–1530), poet; author of <i>Arcadia</i> (1501–1504), first pastoral romance<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar_Scaliger" title="Julius Caesar Scaliger">Julius Caesar Scaliger</a> (1484–1558), scholar; author of <i>De causis linguae Latinae</i> (1540) and <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Poetics_(Julius_Caesar_Scaliger)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poetics (Julius Caesar Scaliger) (page does not exist)">Poetics</a></i> (1561)<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sperone_Speroni" title="Sperone Speroni">Sperone Speroni</a> (1500–1588), philosopher and scholar; he was one of the central members of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>'s literary academy, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Accademia_degli_Infiammati" title="Accademia degli Infiammati">Accademia degli Infiammati</a>, and wrote on both moral and literary matters</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torquato_Tasso" title="Torquato Tasso">Torquato Tasso</a> (1544–1595), poet, one of the foremost writers of the Renaissance, celebrated for his heroic epic poem <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerusalem_Delivered" title="Jerusalem Delivered">Jerusalem Delivered</a></i> (1581)<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernardino_Telesio" title="Bernardino Telesio">Bernardino Telesio</a> (1509–1588), philosopher; his chief work was <i>De rerum natura iuxta propria principia</i> (1565), marked the period of transition from Aristotelianism to modern thought</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gian_Giorgio_Trissino" title="Gian Giorgio Trissino">Gian Giorgio Trissino</a> (1478–1550), literary theorist, philologist, dramatist, and poet, an important innovator in Italian drama<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_Valla" title="Lorenzo Valla">Lorenzo Valla</a> (1407–1457), rhetorician, and educator who attacked medieval traditions and anticipated views of the Protestant reformers</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucilio_Vanini" title="Lucilio Vanini">Lucilio Vanini</a> (1585–1619), philosopher; author of <i>Amphitheatrum Aeternae Providentiae Divino-Magicum</i> (1615) and <i>De Admirandis Naturae Reginae Deaeque Mortalium Arcanis</i> (1616)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benedetto_Varchi" title="Benedetto Varchi">Benedetto Varchi</a> (1502/1503–1565), poet and historian; known for his work <i>Storia fiorentina</i> (16 vol.), published only in 1721</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a> (1511–1574), writer, architect and painter, known for his entertaining <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biographies" class="mw-redirect" title="Biographies">biographies</a> of artists, <i>Le Vite de' più eccellenti architetti, pittori, et scultori italiani</i> (1550)<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicoletto_Vernia" title="Nicoletto Vernia">Nicoletto Vernia</a> (1442–1499), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Averroist" class="mw-redirect" title="Averroist">Averroist</a> philosopher, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">University of Padua</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_della_Casa" title="Giovanni della Casa">Giovanni della Casa</a> (1503–1556), poet, writer and diplomat. His <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Il_Galateo" title="Il Galateo">Il Galateo</a> (1558), the most celebrated etiquette book in European history, set the foundation for modern etiquette, polite behavior and manners literature<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Baroque_period_and_the_Enlightenment">The Baroque period and the Enlightenment</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: The Baroque period and the Enlightenment">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudio_Achillini" title="Claudio Achillini">Claudio Achillini</a> (1574–1640), poet and jurist; one of the better known Marinisti</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Vittorio Alfieri</a> (1749–1803), tragic poet; from 1775 to 1787, wrote 19 verse <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tragedie" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragedie">tragedies</a>; his works include <i>Filippo</i> (1775), <i>Oreste</i> (1786) and <i>Mirra</i> (1786)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Algarotti" title="Francesco Algarotti">Francesco Algarotti</a> (1712–1764), philosopher and art critic; author of a number of stimulating essays on the subjects of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> (1753), the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> (1755), and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> (1762)<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Gaetana_Agnesi" title="Maria Gaetana Agnesi">Maria Gaetana Agnesi</a> (1718–1799), philosopher and mathematician; first woman to write a mathematics handbook and first woman as mathematics professor in a university<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Marc%27Antonio_Baretti" title="Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti">Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti</a> (1719–1789), literary critic; author of <i>Italian Library</i> (1757)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giambattista_Basile" title="Giambattista Basile">Giambattista Basile</a> (c. 1575 – 1632), poet; his collection of 50 short stories <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pentamerone" title="Pentamerone">Pentamerone</a> (1634–6), provided the content later borrowed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Perrault" title="Charles Perrault">Charles Perrault</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a>. With <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Straparola" class="mw-redirect" title="Straparola">Straparola</a>, he is one of the two fathers of fairy tale tradition</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Cesare Beccaria</a> (1738–1794), philosopher, criminologist and jurist; works include his treatise <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dei_delitti_e_delle_pene" class="mw-redirect" title="Dei delitti e delle pene">Dei delitti e delle pene</a></i> (1763–4)<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saverio_Bettinelli" title="Saverio Bettinelli">Saverio Bettinelli</a> (1718–1808), writer; author of <i>Lettere dieci di Virgilio agli Arcadi</i> (1758)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a> (1568–1639), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> philosopher and writer; remembered for his socialistic work <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_City_of_the_Sun" title="The City of the Sun">The City of the Sun</a></i> (1602)<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Lorenzo_Maria_Casaregi" title="Giuseppe Lorenzo Maria Casaregi">Giuseppe Lorenzo Maria Casaregi</a> (1670–1737), jurist and advocate</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melchiorre_Cesarotti" title="Melchiorre Cesarotti">Melchiorre Cesarotti</a> (1730–1808), poet and translator; author of <i>Essay on the Philosophy of Taste</i> (1785) and <i>Essay on the Philosophy of Languages</i> (1785)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elena_Cornaro_Piscopia" title="Elena Cornaro Piscopia">Elena Cornaro Piscopia</a> (1646–1684), philosopher, first woman to graduate from a university with a doctorate</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_Da_Ponte" title="Lorenzo Da Ponte">Lorenzo Da Ponte</a> (1749–1838), poet and librettist; his most important librettos were for Mozart: <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro" title="The Marriage of Figaro">The Marriage of Figaro</a></i> (1786), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i> (1787), and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cos%C3%AC_fan_tutte" title="Così fan tutte">Così fan tutte</a></i> (1790)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Denina" title="Carlo Denina">Carlo Denina</a> (1731–1813), historian; author of <i>Delle rivoluzioni d'Italia</i> (1769–70) and <i>Delle revoluzioni della Germania</i> (1804)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaetano_Filangieri" title="Gaetano Filangieri">Gaetano Filangieri</a> (1752–1788), economist and state adviser; he is known for his work, <i>The Science of Legislation</i> (vols. 1–7; 1780–85)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferdinando_Galiani" title="Ferdinando Galiani">Ferdinando Galiani</a> (1728–1787), economist; he published two treatises, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Della_Moneta" title="Della Moneta">Della Moneta</a></i> (1750) and <i>Dialogues sur le commerce des blés</i> (1770)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Genovesi" title="Antonio Genovesi">Antonio Genovesi</a> (1712–1769), writer and political; author of <i>Disciplinarum Metaphysicarum Elementa</i> (1743–52) and <i>Logica</i> (1745)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Giannone" title="Pietro Giannone">Pietro Giannone</a> (1676–1748), historian and jurist; his most important work was his <i>Il Triregno, ossia del regno del cielo, della terra, e del papa</i> ; published only in 1895</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Goldoni" title="Carlo Goldoni">Carlo Goldoni</a> (1707–1793), playwright; wrote more than 260 dramatic works of all sorts, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gasparo_Gozzi" title="Gasparo Gozzi">Gasparo Gozzi</a> (1713–1786), poet, critic and journalist. His principal writings are: <i>Lettere famigliari</i> (1755), <i>Il Mondo morale</i> (1760) and <i>Osservatore Veneto periodico</i> (1761)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Guarini" title="Giovanni Battista Guarini">Giovanni Battista Guarini</a> (1538–1612), poet and theoretician of literature; his best-known work is <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Il_pastor_fido" title="Il pastor fido">Il pastor fido</a></i> (1590), a pastoral tragicomedy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scipione_Maffei" class="mw-redirect" title="Scipione Maffei">Scipione Maffei</a> (1675–1755), writer and art critic; his most important works: <i>Conclusioni di amore</i> (1702), <i>La scienza cavalleresca</i> (1710) and <i>De fabula equestris ordinis Constantiniani</i> (1712)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giambattista_Marino" title="Giambattista Marino">Giambattista Marino</a> (1569–1625), poet. Founder of the school of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marinism" title="Marinism">Marinism</a> (later <i>Secentismo</i>); among his principal works is <i>L'Adone</i> (1623), a long narrative poem</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metastasio" class="mw-redirect" title="Metastasio">Metastasio</a> (1698–1782), poet and librettist; considered the most important writer of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opera_seria" title="Opera seria">opera seria</a> libretti. His melodrama <i>Attilio Regolo</i> (1750) is generally considered his masterpiece</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ludovico_Antonio_Muratori" title="Ludovico Antonio Muratori">Ludovico Antonio Muratori</a> (1672–1750), historian; author of <i>Antiquitates Italicae Medii Aevi</i> (6 vols; 1738–42) and <i>Annali d'Italia</i> (12 vols; 1744–49)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferrante_Pallavicino" title="Ferrante Pallavicino">Ferrante Pallavicino</a> (1615–1644) satirist and novelist; his most important works: <i>Baccinata ouero battarella per le api barberine</i> (1642) and <i>La Retorica delle puttane</i> (1643)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Parini" title="Giuseppe Parini">Giuseppe Parini</a> (1729–1799), prose writer and poet; author of <i>Dialogo sopra la nobiltà</i> (1757) and <i>Il giorno</i> (4 books, 1763–1801)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cesare_Ripa" title="Cesare Ripa">Cesare Ripa</a> (c. 1560 – c. 1622), aesthetician and writer; author of the <i>Iconologia overo Descrittione Dell’imagini Universali cavate dall’Antichità et da altri luoghi</i> (1593), an influential <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emblem_book" title="Emblem book">emblem book</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Vergani" title="Paolo Vergani">Paolo Vergani</a> (1753–1820), economist of the Papal States</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Verri" title="Alessandro Verri">Alessandro Verri</a> (1741–1816), novelist and reformer; author of <i>Le avventure di Saffo poetessa di Mitilene</i> (1782), <i>Notti romane al sepolcro degli Scipioni</i> (1792–1804) and <i>La vita di Erostrato</i> (1815)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pietro_Verri" title="Pietro Verri">Pietro Verri</a> (1728–1797), political economist and writer; his chief works are: <i>Riflessioni sulle leggi vincolanti</i> (1769) and <i>Meditazioni sull' economia politica</i> (1771)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Giambattista Vico</a> (1668–1744), philosopher and historian; his major theories were developed in his <i>Scienza nuova</i> (1725)</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_1800s_2">The 1800s</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: The 1800s">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Gioacchino_Belli" class="mw-redirect" title="Giuseppe Gioacchino Belli">Giuseppe Gioacchino Belli</a> (1791–1863), poet; he described the vast panorama of Roman society in colorful dialect</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Berchet" title="Giovanni Berchet">Giovanni Berchet</a> (1783–1851), patriot and poet; he wrote stirring patriotic ballads of a romantic type and rhymed romances, such as <i>Giulia</i> and <i>Matilde</i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Capuana" title="Luigi Capuana">Luigi Capuana</a> (1839–1915), critic and novelist; among his best works are the short stories in <i>Paesane</i> (1894) and the novel <i>Il marchese di Roccaverdina</i> (1901)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a> (1835–1907), poet, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1906, and one of the most influential literary figures of his age<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Collodi" title="Carlo Collodi">Carlo Collodi</a> (1826–1890), author and journalist, best known as the creator of the canonical piece of children's literature and world's most translated non-religious book <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Pinocchio" title="The Adventures of Pinocchio">The Adventures of Pinocchio</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">Gabriele D'Annunzio</a> (1863–1938), poet, military hero and political leader; author of <i>Il piacere</i> (1889), <i>L'innocente</i> (1892), <i>Giovanni Episcopo</i> (1892) and <i>Il trionfo della morte</i> (1894)<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edmondo_De_Amicis" title="Edmondo De Amicis">Edmondo De Amicis</a> (1846–1908), novelist and short-story writer; his most important work is the sentimental <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's story</a> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heart_(novel)" title="Heart (novel)">Heart</a></i> (1886)<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federico_De_Roberto" title="Federico De Roberto">Federico De Roberto</a> (1861–1927), writer; known for his novel <i>I Vicerè</i> (1894)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_de_Sanctis_(critic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco de Sanctis (critic)">Francesco de Sanctis</a> (1817–1883), historian and literary critic; important works are his <i>Saggi critici</i> (1866) and his <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Storia_della_letteratura_italiana_(De_Sanctis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Storia della letteratura italiana (De Sanctis)">Storia della letteratura italiana</a></i> (1870–71)<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Fogazzaro" title="Antonio Fogazzaro">Antonio Fogazzaro</a> (1842–1911), novelist and poet; his famous <i>Piccolo mondo antico</i> (1896), it is considered one of the great Italian novels of the 19th century</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Ugo Foscolo</a> (1778–1827), poet and patriot; his popular novel <i>The Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis</i> (1802) bitterly denounced <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s cession of Venetia to Austria<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vincenzo_Gioberti" title="Vincenzo Gioberti">Vincenzo Gioberti</a> (1801–1852), philosopher and political writer; his most celebrated work is <i>Del primato morale e civile degli italiani</i> (1843)<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Giusti" title="Giuseppe Giusti">Giuseppe Giusti</a> (1809–1850), satirical poet; known for his poem, <i>Sant’Ambrogio</i> (c. 1846)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raimondo_Guarini" title="Raimondo Guarini">Raimondo Guarini</a> (1765–1852), archaeologist, epigrapher, poet; authored the first Oscan/Latin dictionary</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini_(politician)" title="Francesco Guicciardini (politician)">Francesco Guicciardini</a> (1851–1915), member of the Italian cabinet</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Giacomo Leopardi</a> (1798–1837), poet and philosopher; author of <i>Canti</i> (1816–37), expressing a deeply pessimistic view of humanity and human nature</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Alessandro Manzoni</a> (1785–1873), poet and novelist; he is famous for the novel <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Betrothed_(Manzoni_novel)" title="The Betrothed (Manzoni novel)">The Betrothed</a></i>, generally ranked among the masterpieces of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_literature" title="World literature">world literature</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ippolito_Nievo" title="Ippolito Nievo">Ippolito Nievo</a> (1831–1861), writer and patriot; known for his novel <i>Confessioni di un Italiano</i>, also known as <i>Confessioni d'un ottuagenario</i> which was published posthumously in 1867</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Pascoli" title="Giovanni Pascoli">Giovanni Pascoli</a> (1855–1912), poet; his works include <i>Carmina</i> (in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, 1914), the more mystical <i>Myricae</i> (1891) and the patriotic <i>Odi e inni</i> (1906)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silvio_Pellico" title="Silvio Pellico">Silvio Pellico</a> (1789–1854), dramatic poet; his principal works are <i>Francesca da Rimini</i> (1818) and <i>Le mie prigioni</i> (1832)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini-Serbati" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Rosmini-Serbati">Antonio Rosmini-Serbati</a> (1797–1855), religious philosopher; he is known for his work, <i>Nuovo saggio sull’origine delle idee</i>, published in 1830</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emilio_Salgari" title="Emilio Salgari">Emilio Salgari</a> (1862–1911), adventure novelist for the young; creator of popular heroic figure <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandokan" title="Sandokan">Sandokan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Tommaseo" title="Niccolò Tommaseo">Niccolò Tommaseo</a> (1802–1874), poet and critic; editor of a <i>Dizionario della Lingua Italiana</i> in eight volumes (1861–74), of a dictionary of synonyms (1830) and other works</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Achille_Torelli" title="Achille Torelli">Achille Torelli</a> (1841–1922), playwright</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Verga" title="Giovanni Verga">Giovanni Verga</a> (1840–1922), novelist; his works include <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana" title="Cavalleria rusticana">Cavalleria rusticana</a></i> (1880), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Malavoglia" title="I Malavoglia">I Malavoglia</a></i> (1881), <i>Novelle rusticane</i> (1883), and <i>Mastro-Don Gesualdo</i> (1889)<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_1900s_4">The 1900s</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: The 1900s">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicola_Abbagnano" title="Nicola Abbagnano">Nicola Abbagnano</a> (1901–1990), author of such books as <i>La struttura dell'esistenza</i> (1939). He was the first and most important Italian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Existentialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Existentialist">existentialist</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corrado_Alvaro" title="Corrado Alvaro">Corrado Alvaro</a> (1895–1956), novelist and journalist; author of <i>Gente in Aspromonte</i>, considered by most critics to be his masterpiece</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giulio_Angioni" title="Giulio Angioni">Giulio Angioni</a> (1939–2017), novelist and anthropologist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgio_Bassani" title="Giorgio Bassani">Giorgio Bassani</a> (1916–2000), novelist; his most acclaimed work, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Garden_of_the_Finzi-Continis" title="The Garden of the Finzi-Continis">The Garden of the Finzi-Continis</a></i>, published in 1962</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carmelo_Bene" title="Carmelo Bene">Carmelo Bene</a> (1937–2002), actor, poet, theater director, film director and screenwriter author of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/One_Hamlet_Less" title="One Hamlet Less">One Hamlet Less</a>, <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Salom%C3%A8_(1972_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salomè (1972 film) (page does not exist)">Salomè</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vitaliano_Brancati" title="Vitaliano Brancati">Vitaliano Brancati</a> (1907–1954), writer; in 1950 won the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bagutta_Prize" title="Bagutta Prize">Bagutta Prize</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gesualdo_Bufalino" title="Gesualdo Bufalino">Gesualdo Bufalino</a> (1920–1996), writer; his novel, <i>Le menzogne della notte</i> (1988) won the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Strega_Prize" title="Strega Prize">Strega Prize</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dino_Buzzati" title="Dino Buzzati">Dino Buzzati</a> (1906–1972), writer, novelist and painter; his most famous work is a novel, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Tartar_Steppe" title="The Tartar Steppe">The Tartar Steppe</a></i>, published in 1940</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italo_Calvino" title="Italo Calvino">Italo Calvino</a> (1923–1985), novelist; his trilogy of historical fantasies <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Cloven_Viscount" title="The Cloven Viscount">The Cloven Viscount</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Baron_in_the_Trees" title="The Baron in the Trees">The Baron in the Trees</a></i> (1957), and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Nonexistent_Knight" title="The Nonexistent Knight">The Nonexistent Knight</a></i> (1959) brought him international acclaim</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Camilleri" title="Andrea Camilleri">Andrea Camilleri</a> (1925–2019), writer; the creator of the popular Inspector <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvo_Montalbano" title="Salvo Montalbano">Salvo Montalbano</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dino_Campana" title="Dino Campana">Dino Campana</a> (1885–1932), poet, author of Canti Orfici.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Cassola" title="Carlo Cassola">Carlo Cassola</a> (1917–1987), neorealist novelist; known for his novel, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/B%C3%A9bo%27s_Girl" title="Bébo's Girl">Bébo's Girl</a></i>, published in 1960</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Benedetto Croce</a> (1866–1952), historian, humanist, and foremost Italian philosopher of the first half of the 20th century<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Erri_De_Luca" title="Erri De Luca">Erri De Luca</a> (born 1950), poet and writer; author of <i>Aceto, arcobaleno</i> (1992), <i>Tre cavalli</i> (2000) and <i>Montedidio</i> (2002)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a> (1871–1936), novelist. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1926; her best-known works are <i>Elias Portolu</i> (1903), <i>Cenere</i> (1904), and <i>La madre</i> (1920)<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a> (1932–2016), novelist; internationally known for his novel <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Name_of_the_Rose" title="The Name of the Rose">The Name of the Rose</a></i> (1980)<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Julius Evola</a> (1898–1974), philosopher and social thinker; one of the leading exponents of the Hermetic tradition</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oriana_Fallaci" title="Oriana Fallaci">Oriana Fallaci</a> (1929–2006), author, and political interviewer; important works are her <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Rage_and_the_Pride" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rage and the Pride">The Rage and the Pride</a></i> (2001) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Force_of_Reason" class="mw-redirect" title="The Force of Reason">The Force of Reason</a></i> (2004)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beppe_Fenoglio" title="Beppe Fenoglio">Beppe Fenoglio</a> (1922–1963), novelist; he is known for his novel <i>Il partigiano Johnny</i>, which was published posthumously (and incomplete) in 1968</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a> (1926–2016), satirist, playwright, theater director, actor, and composer. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1997<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Emilio_Gadda" title="Carlo Emilio Gadda">Carlo Emilio Gadda</a> (1893–1973), novelist; known novel is <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/That_Awful_Mess_on_Via_Merulana" title="That Awful Mess on Via Merulana">That Awful Mess on Via Merulana</a></i> (1957)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Gaeta_(poet)" title="Francesco Gaeta (poet)">Francesco Gaeta</a> (1879–1927)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalia_Ginzburg" title="Natalia Ginzburg">Natalia Ginzburg</a> (1916–1991), novelist; known for her novels <i>La strada che va in città</i> (1942), <i>È stato così</i> (1947) and <i>Le voci della sera</i> (1961)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovannino_Guareschi" title="Giovannino Guareschi">Giovannino Guareschi</a> (1908–1968), journalist and novelist, known as author of <i>The Little World of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Camillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Camillo">Don Camillo</a></i> (tr. 1950) and its sequels</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tommaso_Landolfi" title="Tommaso Landolfi">Tommaso Landolfi</a> (1908–1979), author and translator; most known and translated work is <i>Racconto d'autunno</i> (1947)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Levi" title="Carlo Levi">Carlo Levi</a> (1902–1975), writer, painter, and political journalist; known for his book, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christ_Stopped_at_Eboli" title="Christ Stopped at Eboli">Christ Stopped at Eboli</a></i>, published in 1945<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Primo_Levi" title="Primo Levi">Primo Levi</a> (1919–1987), writer and chemist; his first memoir, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/If_This_Is_a_Man" title="If This Is a Man">If This Is a Man</a></i> has been described as one of the most important works of the 20th century<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudio_Magris" title="Claudio Magris">Claudio Magris</a> (born 1939), writer; author of <i>Illazioni su una sciabola</i> (1984), <i>Danubio</i> (1986), <i>Stadelmann</i> (1988), <i>Un altro mare</i> (1991) and <i>Microcosmi</i> (1997)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Filippo Tommaso Marinetti</a> (1876–1944), writer and novelist. The ideological founder of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a>; among his works are <i>Le Roi Bombance</i> (1905) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Futurist_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Futurist Manifesto">Futurist Manifesto</a></i> (1909)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fulvio_Melia" title="Fulvio Melia">Fulvio Melia</a> (born 1956), writer and astrophysicist; author of <i>Electrodynamics</i> (2001), <i>The Edge of Infinity. Supermassive Black Holes in the Universe</i> (2003), and <i>High-Energy Astrophysics</i> (2009)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a> (1896–1981), poet whose works, which greatly influenced 20th-century Italian literature, include <i>Le Occasioni</i> (1939) and <i>Satura</i> (1962). He won the 1975 Nobel Prize for literature</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indro_Montanelli" title="Indro Montanelli">Indro Montanelli</a> (1909–2001), journalist and historian, known for his new approach to writing history in books such as <i>History of Rome</i> (1957) and <i>History of the Greeks</i> (1959)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elsa_Morante" title="Elsa Morante">Elsa Morante</a> (1912–1985), novelist and poet; her most acclaimed work, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_(novel)" title="History (novel)">History</a></i>, published in 1974</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberto_Moravia" title="Alberto Moravia">Alberto Moravia</a> (1907–1990), novelist; author of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gli_indifferenti" title="Gli indifferenti">Gli indifferenti</a></i> (1929) and of the anti-fascist novel, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Conformist" title="The Conformist">The Conformist</a></i> (1951)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldo_Palazzeschi" title="Aldo Palazzeschi">Aldo Palazzeschi</a> (1885–1974), novelist and poet; known for his novel <i>Il codice di Perelà</i> published in 1911</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cesare_Pavese" title="Cesare Pavese">Cesare Pavese</a> (1908–1950), poet, novelist and translator; his major works include <i>Il Compagno</i> (1947), <i>Tra Donne Sole</i> (1948) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Moon_and_the_Bonfires" title="The Moon and the Bonfires">The Moon and the Bonfires</a></i> (1949)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a> (1867–1936), writer and dramatist, winner of the 1934 Nobel Prize for Literature; known for a series of novels and the modernist play, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Six_Characters_in_Search_of_an_Author" title="Six Characters in Search of an Author">Six Characters in Search of an Author</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vasco_Pratolini" title="Vasco Pratolini">Vasco Pratolini</a> (1913–1991), writer and novelist; his most important literary works are the novels <i>Family Diary</i> (1947), <i>Chronicle of Poor Lovers</i> (1947) and <i>Metello</i> (1955)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a> (1901–1968), poet; his works include <i>La terra impareggiabile</i> (1958) and <i>Dare e avere</i> (1966). He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1959<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Rigoni_Stern" title="Mario Rigoni Stern">Mario Rigoni Stern</a> (1921–2008), his major works include <i>Il sergente nella neve</i> (1953), <i>Storia di Tönle</i> (1978) and <i>Le stagioni di Giacomo</i> (1995)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gianni_Rodari" title="Gianni Rodari">Gianni Rodari</a> (1920–1980), writer and journalist; he won the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen_Award" title="Hans Christian Andersen Award">Hans Christian Andersen Award</a> in 1970</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rafael_Sabatini" title="Rafael Sabatini">Rafael Sabatini</a> (1875–1950), Italian-British writer of novels of romance and adventure. He remains best known for <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Sea_Hawk" title="The Sea Hawk">The Sea Hawk</a></i> (1915), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scaramouche_(novel)" title="Scaramouche (novel)">Scaramouche</a></i> (1921) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Captain_Blood_(novel)" title="Captain Blood (novel)">Captain Blood</a></i> (1922)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonardo_Sciascia" title="Leonardo Sciascia">Leonardo Sciascia</a> (1921–1989), writer; author of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Owl" title="The Day of the Owl">The Day of the Owl</a></i> (1961) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/To_Each_His_Own_(novel)" title="To Each His Own (novel)">To Each His Own</a></i> (1966)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filippo_Sc%C3%B2zzari" title="Filippo Scòzzari">Filippo Scòzzari</a> (born 1946), novelist and comic writer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ignazio_Silone" title="Ignazio Silone">Ignazio Silone</a> (1900–1978), novelist and journalist; known for his novel <i>Fontamara</i> (1930); was translated into 14 languages<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italo_Svevo" title="Italo Svevo">Italo Svevo</a> (1861–1928), novelist; his best-known work, which has been called Italy's first modernist novel, is <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zeno%27s_Conscience" title="Zeno's Conscience">Zeno's Conscience</a></i> (1923)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Tabucchi" title="Antonio Tabucchi">Antonio Tabucchi</a> (1943–2012), writer; author of <i>Notturno Indiano</i> (1984) and <i>Sostiene Pereira</i> (1994)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Susanna_Tamaro" title="Susanna Tamaro">Susanna Tamaro</a> (born 1957), novelist. Known for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bestseller" title="Bestseller">bestseller</a> <i>Va' dove ti porta il cuore</i> (1994)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Tomasi_di_Lampedusa" title="Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa">Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa</a> (1896–1957), novelist; internationally renowned for his work, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Leopard" title="The Leopard">The Leopard</a></i>, published posthumously in 1958<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pier_Vittorio_Tondelli" title="Pier Vittorio Tondelli">Pier Vittorio Tondelli</a> (1955–1991), writer; author of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Altri_Libertini" title="Altri Libertini">Altri Libertini</a></i> (1980) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dinner_Party_(play)" title="Dinner Party (play)">Dinner Party</a></i> (1994)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federigo_Tozzi" title="Federigo Tozzi">Federigo Tozzi</a> (1883–1920), writer; known for his novel <i>Con gli occhi chiusi</i> published in 1919</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Ungaretti" title="Giuseppe Ungaretti">Giuseppe Ungaretti</a> (1888–1970), poet, founder of the Hermetic movement that brought about a reorientation in modern Italian poetry<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elio_Vittorini" title="Elio Vittorini">Elio Vittorini</a> (1908–1966), novelist; his works, among them <i>The Twilight of the Elephant</i> (1947) and <i>The Red Carnation</i> (1948), make a serious attempt to assess the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">Fascist</a> experience<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_notables">Other notables</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Other notables">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filippo_Grandi" title="Filippo Grandi">Filippo Grandi</a> (born 1957), diplomat</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco_Archibugi" title="Franco Archibugi">Franco Archibugi</a> (born 1926), economist and planner</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Bongiorno" title="Mike Bongiorno">Mike Bongiorno</a> (1924–2009), famous American-born Italian game show host</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dario_Nardella" title="Dario Nardella">Dario Nardella</a> (born 1974), politician</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palizzolo_Gravina" title="Palizzolo Gravina">Palizzolo Gravina</a>, baron of Ramione, 19th century heraldic writer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucia_Guerrini" title="Lucia Guerrini">Lucia Guerrini</a> (1921–1990), classical scholar and archaeologist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbara_Labate" title="Barbara Labate">Barbara Labate</a> (born 1970s), entrepreneur, co-founder of the successful shopping site Risparmio Super</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcel_Bich" title="Marcel Bich">Marcel Bich</a> (1914–1994), entrepreneur, co-founder of the worldwide famous company <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Bic" title="Société Bic">Bic</a>. He created what would become the most popular and best selling pen in the World, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bic_Cristal" title="Bic Cristal">Bic Cristal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Agnelli" title="Giovanni Agnelli">Giovanni Agnelli</a> (1866–1945), entrepreneur. Founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> (<i>Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino</i>) automobile company</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Antonio_Broccu" title="Francesco Antonio Broccu">Francesco Antonio Broccu</a> (1797–1882), artisan. Generally regarded as the inventor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">Revolver</a> (1833)<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alessandro_Cagliostro" title="Alessandro Cagliostro">Alessandro Cagliostro</a> (1743–1795), charlatan, magician, and adventurer who enjoyed enormous success in Parisian high society in the years preceding the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ambrogio_Calepino" title="Ambrogio Calepino">Ambrogio Calepino</a> (c. 1440 – 1510), one of the earliest Italian lexicographers, from whose name came the once-common Italian word <i>calepino</i> and English word <i>calepin</i>, for "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a>"</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Benedetto_Carpano" title="Antonio Benedetto Carpano">Antonio Benedetto Carpano</a> (1764–1815), distiller. Inventor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">vermouth</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aperitif" class="mw-redirect" title="Aperitif">aperitif</a> (1786)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giacomo_Casanova" title="Giacomo Casanova">Giacomo Casanova</a> (1725–1798), adventurer and author, chiefly remembered as the prince of Italian adventurers and as the man who made the name Casanova synonymous with "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Libertine" title="Libertine">libertine</a>"</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolomeo_Cristofori" title="Bartolomeo Cristofori">Bartolomeo Cristofori</a> (1655–1731), harpsichord maker generally credited with the invention of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> (c. 1700)<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Datini" title="Francesco Datini">Francesco Datini</a> (1335–1410), merchant whose business and private papers, preserved in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a>, constitute one of the most important archives of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economic_history" title="Economic history">economic history</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_de_Tonti" title="Lorenzo de Tonti">Lorenzo de Tonti</a> (c. 1602 – c. 1684), banker. The inventor of the system of annuities, now known as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tontine" title="Tontine">tontine</a> (1653)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Donati" title="Giuseppe Donati">Giuseppe Donati</a> (1835–1925), musician. Inventor of the classical <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ocarina" title="Ocarina">ocarina</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Falcone" title="Giovanni Falcone">Giovanni Falcone</a> (1939–1992), magistrate who was specialised in prosecuting <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cosa_Nostra" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosa Nostra">Cosa Nostra</a></i> criminals. His life story is quite similar to that of his closest friend <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paolo_Borsellino" title="Paolo Borsellino">Paolo Borsellino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosina_Ferrario" title="Rosina Ferrario">Rosina Ferrario</a> (1888–1957), first Italian woman to receive a pilot's licence in January 1913</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Fogli" title="Andrea Fogli">Andrea Fogli</a>, product designer and interior designer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domingo_Ghirardelli" title="Domingo Ghirardelli">Domenico Ghirardelli</a> (1817 – 1894), chocolatier who was the founder of the Ghirardelli Chocolate Company in San Francisco, California.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jose_Greco" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Greco">Jose Greco</a> (1918–2000), dancer and choreographer. Popularized Spanish dance in the 1950s and '60s sometimes earning him the title "the world's greatest non-Spanish Spanish dancer".<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a></sup> The Spanish government knighted him in 1962<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johann_Maria_Farina" title="Johann Maria Farina">Johann Maria Farina</a> (1685–1766), perfume designer and maker. Inventor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne" title="Eau de Cologne">Eau de Cologne</a> (1709)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a> (born 1946), Italian-born Indian politician and the president of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>, widow of former Prime minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ugolino_della_Gherardesca" title="Ugolino della Gherardesca">Ugolino della Gherardesca</a> (c. 1220 – 1289), nobleman, whose death by starvation with his sons and grandsons is described by Dante in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a></i> (Canto XXXIII)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_of_Montecorvino" title="John of Montecorvino">John of Montecorvino</a> (1246–1328), Franciscan and founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> mission in China</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lisa_del_Giocondo" title="Lisa del Giocondo">Lisa del Giocondo</a> (1479–1542 or c. 1551), her name was given to <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mona_Lisa" title="Mona Lisa">Mona Lisa</a></i>, her <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portrait_painting" title="Portrait painting">portrait</a> commissioned by her husband and painted by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Vito_Ippolito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vito Ippolito (page does not exist)">Vito Ippolito</a> (born 1954), economist, President de la Federation Mondiale de Motocicismo</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Paolo_Lancelotti" title="Giovanni Paolo Lancelotti">Giovanni Paolo Lancelotti</a> (1522–1590), jurist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_Mattei" title="Enrico Mattei">Enrico Mattei</a> (1906–1962), public administrator</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philip_Mazzei" title="Philip Mazzei">Philip Mazzei</a> (1730–1816), physician, merchant and author, ardent supporter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, and correspondent of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francesco_Morosini" title="Francesco Morosini">Francesco Morosini</a> (1619–1694), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doge" title="Doge">doge</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a> (1688–94), of a family distinguished in Venice for five centuries</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edgardo_Mortara" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgardo Mortara">Edgardo Mortara</a> (1851–1940), priest, central figure in a controversy that arose when at the age of 6 he was forcibly taken from his Jewish parents because a domestic servant had baptized him</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci">Matteo Ricci</a> (1552–1610), Italian Jesuit priest and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China Mission</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cola_di_Rienzo" title="Cola di Rienzo">Cola di Rienzo</a> (c. 1313 – 1354), popular leader who tried to restore the greatness of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco and Vanzetti</a> case (1888–1927, 1891–1927), controversial murder trial in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, United States, extending over seven years, 1920–27, and resulting in the execution of the defendants</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massimo_Salvadori" title="Massimo Salvadori">Massimo Salvadori</a> (1908–1992), historian</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola" title="Girolamo Savonarola">Girolamo Savonarola</a> (1452–1498), Christian preacher, reformer, and martyr, renowned for his clash with tyrannical rulers and a corrupt clergy</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michela_Schiff_Giorgini" title="Michela Schiff Giorgini">Michela Schiff Giorgini</a> (1923–1978), Egyptologist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Signorelli" title="Maria Signorelli">Maria Signorelli</a> (1908–1992), puppet master and puppet collector from Rome</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Father_Simpliciano_of_the_Nativity" title="Father Simpliciano of the Nativity">Father Simpliciano of the Nativity</a> (1827–1898), founder of the Congregation of the Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Hearts in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Balbina" title="Santa Balbina">Santa Balbina</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emilia_Telese" title="Emilia Telese">Emilia Telese</a> (born 1973), audio and visual performing artist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augusto_Odone" class="mw-redirect" title="Augusto Odone">Augusto Odone</a> (1933–2013, 1939–2000, 1978–2008), noted for the creation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo%27s_oil" title="Lorenzo's oil">Lorenzo's oil</a> as a treatment to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adrenoleukodystrophy" title="Adrenoleukodystrophy">Adrenoleukodystrophy</a> after his son, Lorenzo, was diagnosed with the rare and deadly disease.</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luisa_Marelli_Valazza" title="Luisa Marelli Valazza">Luisa Marelli Valazza</a> (born 1950), three-star Michelin chef</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simonetta_Vespucci" title="Simonetta Vespucci">Simonetta Vespucci</a> (c. 1453 – 26 April 1476), nicknamed <i>la bella Simonetta</i>, Italian Renaissance noblewoman from Genoa</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Zabelli" title="Antonio Zabelli">Antonio Zabelli</a> (1742–1796), engraver</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paola_Zancani_Montuoro" title="Paola Zancani Montuoro">Paola Zancani Montuoro</a> (1901–1987), classical archaeologist</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li><span><img alt="flag" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></span></li>
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_Americans" title="List of Italian Americans">List of Italian Americans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_by_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people by nationality">List of people by nationality</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Sardinians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sardinians">List of Sardinians</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Sicilians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sicilians">List of Sicilians</a></li></ul>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_from_Italy&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Italians" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Italians">Italians</a></span>.</td></tr>
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<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italy_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Italy_topics" title="Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Italy_topics" title="Template talk:Italy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Italy_topics&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italy_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Index_of_Italy-related_articles" title="Index of Italy-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_history" title="Timeline of Italian history">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" title="Prehistoric Italy">Prehistory</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Italy" title="List of ancient peoples of Italy">Ancient peoples of Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pre-Nuragic_Sardinia" title="Pre-Nuragic Sardinia">Pre-Nuragic Sardinia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_ancient_Corsican_and_Sardinian_tribes" title="List of ancient Corsican and Sardinian tribes">Nuragic peoples</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan civilization</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic civilization</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Phoenician/Carthaginian colonies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Kingdom</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>
<ul><li>Italy under <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Odoacer#King_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Byzantium</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">the Holy Roman Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">the Sardinian Judicates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arabs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Normans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></li>
<li>the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a></li>
<li>the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">maritime republics</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Italy_(1559%E2%80%931814)" title="History of Italy (1559–1814)">Early Modern period</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_unification" title="Italian unification">Unification</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Revolutions_of_1820" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutions of 1820">Revolutions of 1820</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Revolutions_of_1830#In_Italy" title="Revolutions of 1830">Revolutions of 1830</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Italian_states" title="Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states">Revolutions of 1848</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sicilian_revolution_of_1848" title="Sicilian revolution of 1848">Sicilian revolution of 1848</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First War of Independence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crimean_War#Piedmontese_Involvement" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second War of Independence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third War of Independence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Monarchy and the World Wars</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Colonial Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">World War I</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)" title="Fascist Italy (1922–1943)">Fascist Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">World War II</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Resistance</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Social Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="History of the Italian Republic">Republic</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Economic Boom</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maxi_Trial" title="Maxi Trial">Maxi Trial</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mani_pulite" title="Mani pulite">Mani pulite</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_migrant_crisis#Italy" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" title="History of Italian citizenship">Citizenship</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Flags</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" title="List of historic states of Italy">Historic states</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Military</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" title="Music history of Italy">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">Railways</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_geographical_region" title="Italian geographical region">Geographical region</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" title="Italian Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwest_Italy" title="Northwest Italy">Northwest</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeast_Italy" title="Northeast Italy">Northeast</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">Central</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Italy" title="South Italy">South</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Insular_Italy" title="Insular Italy">Insular</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Climate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geology_of_Italy" title="Geology of Italy">Geology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy" title="Fauna of Italy">Fauna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flora_of_Italy" title="Flora of Italy">Flora</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of Italy">Mountains</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alpine_foothills" title="Alpine foothills">Prealps</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Volcanology_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanology of Italy">Volcanology</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Italy" title="List of volcanoes in Italy">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Italy" title="List of beaches in Italy">Beaches</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_canals_in_Italy" title="List of canals in Italy">Canals</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Italy" title="List of caves in Italy">Caves</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Italy" title="List of earthquakes in Italy">Earthquakes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Italy" title="List of islands of Italy">Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Italy" title="List of lakes of Italy">Lakes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Italy" title="List of national parks of Italy">National parks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Italy" title="List of rivers of Italy">Rivers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Italy" title="List of valleys of Italy">Valleys</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Law enforcement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Military</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Parliament</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">List</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">List</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Italy" title="List of municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_renamed_municipalities_in_Italy" title="List of renamed municipalities in Italy">Renamed municipalities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fusion_of_Italian_municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusion of Italian municipalities">Fused municipalities</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economic history</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">Regions by GDP</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive industry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Banking_in_Italy" title="Banking in Italy">Banking</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">Companies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_government_debt" title="Italian government debt">Government debt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Borsa Italiana">Stock exchange</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Telecommunications</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Italy" title="List of trade unions in Italy">Trade unions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transportation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_welfare_state" title="Italian welfare state">Welfare</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italian_society" title="Category:Italian society">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corruption_in_Italy" title="Corruption in Italy">Corruption</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crime_in_Italy" title="Crime in Italy">Crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Organized_crime_in_Italy" title="Organized crime in Italy">Organized crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Italy" title="Demographics of Italy">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Emigration and diaspora</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gambling_in_Italy" title="Gambling in Italy">Gambling</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Health_in_Italy" title="Health in Italy">Health</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Italy" title="LGBT rights in Italy">LGBT rights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_public_administration" title="Italian public administration">Public administration</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Religion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_class_in_Italy" title="Social class in Italy">Social class</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Terrorism_in_Italy" title="Terrorism in Italy">Terrorism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Women_in_Italy" title="Women in Italy">Women</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seicento" title="Seicento">Seicento</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Italian_culture_(1700s)" title="History of Italian culture (1700s)">Settecento</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_Neoclassical_and_19th-century_art" title="Italian Neoclassical and 19th-century art">Ottocento</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy" title="Architecture of Italy">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nobility_of_Italy" title="Nobility of Italy">Aristocracy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">Art</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Italy" title="List of castles in Italy">Castles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_cultural_icons_of_Italy" title="List of cultural icons of Italy">Cultural icons</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Italy" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Italy">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_design" title="Italian design">Design</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy">Folklore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italophilia" title="Italophilia">Italophilia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Italian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Regional</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Literature</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Media_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Italy">Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_monuments_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monuments of Italy">Monuments</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Mythology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_symbols_of_Italy" title="National symbols of Italy">National symbols</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">Anthem</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cockade_of_Italy" title="Cockade of Italy">Cockade</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_colours_of_Italy" title="National colours of Italy">Colours</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emblem_of_Italy" title="Emblem of Italy">Emblem</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flags_of_regions_of_Italy" title="Flags of regions of Italy">Regions</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Altare_della_Patria" class="mw-redirect" title="Altare della Patria">Monument</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italia_turrita" title="Italia turrita">Personification</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Strawberry_Tree_(national_symbol_of_Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strawberry Tree (national symbol of Italy)">Tree</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a>
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">People</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_philosophy" title="Italian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">Public holidays</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sculpture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sculpture of Italy">Sculpture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sport_in_Italy" title="Sport in Italy">Sport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Traditions_of_Italy" title="Traditions of Italy">Traditions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Italy.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/16px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/24px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li>
<li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Italy" title="Category:Italy">Category</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pubs-newcomen.com/tfiles/(/75bp317-001s.pdf">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083106/http://www.pubs-newcomen.com/tfiles/(/75bp317-001s.pdf">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Transactions of the Newcomen Society</i>, 2005, Luigi Negrelli, Engineer, 1799–1858: Planner of The Suez Canal.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=378406">"2008/107/1 Computer, Programma 101, and documents (3), plastic / metal / paper / electronic components, hardware architect Pier Giorgio Perotto, designed by Mario Bellini, made by Olivetti, Italy, 1965-1971"</a>. <i>www.powerhousemuseum.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.powerhousemuseum.com&rft.atitle=2008%2F107%2F1+Computer%2C+Programma+101%2C+and+documents+%283%29%2C+plastic+%2F+metal+%2F+paper+%2F+electronic+components%2C+hardware+architect+Pier+Giorgio+Perotto%2C+designed+by+Mario+Bellini%2C+made+by+Olivetti%2C+Italy%2C+1965-1971&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.powerhousemuseum.com%2Fcollection%2Fdatabase%2F%3Firn%3D378406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+from+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/c-programma101.html">"Olivetti Programma 101 Electronic Calculator"</a>. <i>The Old Calculator Web Museum</i>. <q>It appears that the Mathatronics Mathatron calculator preceeded [<i>sic</i>] the Programma 101 to market.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Old+Calculator+Web+Museum&rft.atitle=Olivetti+Programma+101+Electronic+Calculator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oldcalculatormuseum.com%2Fc-programma101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+from+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=2537">"Henri de Tonti"</a> <i>The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture</i>. Web. 2 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/234098/Giovanni-da-Pian-del-Carpini">"Giovanni Da Pian Del Carpini"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/154030/Vittorio-De-Sica">"Vittorio De Sica"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/446137/Giovanni-Pastrone">"Giovanni Pastrone"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/510161/Roberto-Rossellini">"Roberto Rossellini"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rennert, Jack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BB4RAQAAMAAJ&q="><i>Posters of the Belle Epoque: The Wine Spectator Collection.</i></a> Wine Spectator Press, 1999. p. 156. Web. 24 April 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/529059/Scipio-Africanus-the-Younger">"Scipio Africanus the Younger"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/529046/Scipio-Africanus-the-Elder">"Scipio Africanus the Elder"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/43047/Augustus">"Augustus"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/364331/Marcus-Aurelius">"Marcus Aurelius"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/88114/Julius-Caesar">"Julius Caesar"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/99975/Marcus-Porcius-Cato">"Marcus Porcius Cato"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/120520/Appius-Claudius-Caecus">"Appius Claudius Caecus"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/364120/Marcus-Claudius-Marcellus">"Marcus Claudius Marcellus"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/350697/Lucius-Licinius-Lucullus">"Lucius Licinius Lucullus"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/447198/Lucius-Aemilius-Paullus-Macedonicus">"Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/28784/Antoninus-Pius">"Antoninus Pius</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/209437/Titus-Quinctius-Flamininus">"Titus Quinctius Flamininus"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holmes, Richard; Strachan, Hew; Bellamy, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8YAAAAIAAJ&q="><i>The Oxford companion to military history</i></a>. Oxford University Press, 2001. p. 820. Web. 17 April 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/8741/Saint-Agapetus-I">"Saint Agapetus I"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/60548/Saint-Benedict-of-Nursia">"Saint Benedict of Nursia"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/101351/Saint-Celestine-V">"Saint Celestine V"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/245549/Saint-Gregory-I">"Saint Gregory I</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/271104/Honorius-I">"Honorius I"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/271115/Honorius-III">"Honorius III"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/304730/John-II">"John II"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/336187/Saint-Leo-I">"Saint Leo I"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/414085/Saint-Nicholas-I">"Saint Nicholas I"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/535547/Saint-Sergius-I">"Saint Sergius I"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/565425/Stephen-II-or-III">"Stephen II (or III)"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 2 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/13886/Alessandro">"Alessandro"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/139151/Cosimo-I">"Cosimo I"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/336283/Leo-XI">"Leo XI"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/169439/Andrea-Doria">"Andrea Doria"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hearder, Harry; Morris, Jonathan (2002). <i>Italy: A Short History</i>. Page 68 says he was Italian (not German or Norman).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ySD9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=Corsican+%22first+democratic+constitution%22&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=jasgU4DjMMbYkQeoyoDoCA&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Corsican%20%22first%20democratic%20constitution%22&f=false">[4]</a>, <i>Transported by Song: Corsican Voices from Oral Tradition to World Stage</i> by Caroline Bithell.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHastrup1992" class="citation book cs1">Hastrup, Kirsten (22 August 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d7NBoT2pv5QC&q=Corsican+%22first+democratic+constitution%22%5D%2C&pg=PA86"><i>Other Histories</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415061230" title="Special:BookSources/9780415061230"><bdi>9780415061230</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Other+Histories&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1992-08-22&rft.isbn=9780415061230&rft.aulast=Hastrup&rft.aufirst=Kirsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd7NBoT2pv5QC%26q%3DCorsican%2B%2522first%2Bdemocratic%2Bconstitution%2522%255D%252C%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+from+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/49907/Italo-Balbo">"Italo Balbo"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143262/Francesco-Crispi">"Francesco Crispi"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/240991/Antonio-Gramsci">"Antonio Gramsci"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/399484/Benito-Mussolini">"Benito Mussolini"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/627567/Victor-Emmanuel-II">"Victor Emmanuel II"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/627580/Victor-Emmanuel-III">"Victor Emmanuel III"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/23943/Giulio-Andreotti">"Giulio Andreotti"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62274/Silvio-Berlusconi">"Silvio Berlusconi"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/74823/Umberto-Bossi">"Umberto Bossi"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/142035/Bettino-Craxi">"Bettino Craxi"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/181310/Luigi-Einaudi">"Luigi Einaudi"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/392584/Aldo-Moro">"Aldo Moro"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/477886/Romano-Prodi">"Romano Prodi"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/570213/Luigi-Sturzo">"Luigi Sturzo"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/598061/Palmiro-Togliatti">"Palmiro Togliatti"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://europa.eu/about-eu/eu-history/founding-fathers/pdf/altiero_spinelli_en.pdf">[5]</a> "European Commission, The Founding Fathers of EU", Altiero Spinelli: an unrelenting federalist.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edicola.unionesarda.it/Articolo.aspx?Data=20101203&Categ=0&Voce=1&IdArticolo=2528176">"La pistola di Colt? La inventò prima Broccu"</a> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/L%27Unione_Sarda" title="L'Unione Sarda">L'Unione Sarda</a></i>. Web. 5 March 2011. <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143328/Bartolomeo-di-Francesco-Cristofori">"Bartolomeo Cristofori"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2011. Web 5 March 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19720316&id=9qU1AAAAIBAJ&pg=1434,6875239">"Joe Torchia, The Palm Beach Post – Mar 16, 1972"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joe+Torchia%2C+The+Palm+Beach+Post+%E2%80%93+Mar+16%2C+1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1964%26dat%3D19720316%26id%3D9qU1AAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1434%2C6875239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+from+Italy" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since September 2021">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/713910/Jose-Greco">[10]</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>, 2014, José Greco.</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1633153094 |