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'{{Infobox military unit |unit_name= 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps |image=1 (GE-NL) Corps.svg |image_size=100px |caption= |dates= 1995–present |country=[[Germany]] <br/>[[The Netherlands]] |allegiance= {{flag|NATO}}<br/>{{flag|European Union}}<br/>{{flag|Germany}}<br/>{{flag|The Netherlands}} |branch= Army |type= |role= [[Air assault]]<br>[[Armoured warfare]]<br>[[Close-quarters combat]]<br>[[Cold-weather warfare]]<br>[[Combined arms]]<br>[[Forward observer]]<br>[[Maneuver warfare]]<br>[[Peacekeeping]]<br>[[Raid (military)| Raiding]]<br>[[Reconnaissance]]<br>[[Urban warfare]] |size= 30,000<ref>Cowell, Alan, After 50 Years, a German-Dutch Military Partnership, ''The New York Times'', Tuesday, September 12, 1995</ref> |command_structure= |garrison=[[Münster]], [[Germany]] ([[Headquarters|HQ]])<br/> [[Eibergen]], [[The Netherlands]] <br/> [[Garderen]], The Netherlands |garrison_label=Garrisons |nickname= |patron= |motto=Communitate valemus <br />''Together we are strong'' |colors= |colors_label= |march= |mascot= |equipment= |equipment_label= |battles= |anniversaries= |decorations= |battle_honours= <!-- Commanders --> |commander1=[[Lieutenant General]] [[Alfons Mais]] |commander1_label=Corps Commander |commander2=[[Major General]] Gerard Koot |commander2_label=Deputy Corps Commander |commander3=[[Brigadier General]] Rob Querido |commander3_label=Chief of Staff |notable_commanders= <!-- Insignia --> |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_label= |identification_symbol_2= |identification_symbol_2_label= }} '''1 (GE/NL) Corps''' is a multinational formation consisting of units from both the [[Royal Netherlands Army]] and [[German Army]]. The corps' headquarters also takes part in [[NATO Response Force]] readiness rotations. It is situated in [[Münster]] ([[Westphalia|Northrhine Westphalia]]), formerly the headquarters of the German Army's I. Corps out of which 1 German/Netherlands Corps evolved. The corps has ''national'' and multinational operational responsibilities, and its commanding officer is the only one in Europe to have OPCON in peacetime.<ref>pp.26-27, Thomas-Durell Young, Multinational Land Formations and NATO: Reforming practices and structures, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1997</ref> Due to its role as a NATO High Readiness Forces Headquarters, soldiers from other NATO member states, the [[Military of the United States|United States]], [[Norwegian Defence Force|Norway]], [[Spanish Armed Forces|Spain]], [[Military of Italy|Italy]], the [[British Armed Forces|United Kingdom]], [[French Armed Forces|France]], [[Greek Armed Forces|Greece]], [[Turkish Armed Forces|Turkey]], [[Czech Armed Forces|Czech Republic]] and [[Belgian Armed Forces|Belgium]] are also stationed in Münster. ==History== In 1991 the [[defence minister]]s of [[The Netherlands]] and [[Germany]] decided to establish a binational Headquarters to replace one German Corps Headquarters and one Dutch Corps Headquarters. In 1993 a treaty between the two countries was signed which resulted in two previously independent Headquarters being amalgamated to form 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps HQ or 1 (GE/NL) Corps consisting of one German and one Dutch division.<ref>p.61, Matláry, Janne Haaland, Østerud, Øyvind, ''Denationalisation of Defence'', Ashgate, 2007</ref> [[I Corps (Bundeswehr)|I German Corps]] had previously consisted of [[1st Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)|1st Panzer Division]], [[3rd Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)|3rd Panzer Division]], [[7th Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)|7th Panzer Division]], [[11th Panzergrenadier Division (Bundeswehr)|11th Panzergrenadier Division]], and [[27th Airborne Brigade (Bundeswehr)|27th Airborne Brigade]]. After the end of the Cold War, various corps troops, such as Air defense command 1, Pioneer command 1 and Medical command 1 were dissolved in September 1993. For the I Corps Headquarters itself the plans saw first of all that it should be amalgamated in [[Mönchengladbach]] with the [[Territorial Northern Command]]. However, new considerations to multinational units meant that the German I. Korps Headquarters was disbanded in August 1995, being merged into the 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps. The corps' readiness for action was achieved on August 30, 1995, and celebrated in the presence of the [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]] [[Wim Kok]] and the [[Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)|German Chancellor]] [[Helmut Kohl]]. The headquarters were chosen to be in Münster because Münster was already the location of the I German Corps' headquarters. On top of that it was chosen due to the particular significance for both countries as the place where the [[Peace of Westphalia]] was signed.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} In 1997, [[Germany]] and the [[Netherlands]] laid down the cooperation in several documents. In general, these state that Germany and the Netherlands provide the Corps framework on an equal basis; both countries share the responsibility for command & control capabilities. In 2002, the Corps met NATO Full Operational Capability criteria and was certified to act as a High Readiness Force Headquarters capable of rapid deployment as part of a NATO Combined Joint Task Force. Since 2002, the multinational Corps HQ has been based on a Memorandum of Understanding between 12 NATO nations. The original tasks of the corps lay in the defence of the territories of NATO member states as part of NATO's main defence force as well as taking part in peacekeeping missions, humanitarian missions and emergency aid during [[natural disaster]]s. [[Image:BW Barettabzeichen DNL.png|thumb|right|Beret badge of 1 (GE/NL) Corps]] Soon after its Final Operational Capability, the corps was given new tasks: it was designated "Forces Answerable to the Western European Union",<ref>pp.28, Thomas-Durell Young, Multinational Land Formations and NATO: Reforming practices and structures, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1997</ref> and since December 1999, the corps is a Land Component Command within NATO's command structure. At this time its subordinated divisions were the 1st German Panzer Division from Military District Command II in Hannover, and the Netherlands [[First Division 7 December|1st Division 7 December]], a mechanised infantry formation stationed in [[Apeldoorn]], principally its 41st Armoured Brigade, in 1990s 41st Light Brigade?) that had been stationed in [[Seedorf, Lower Saxony|Seedorf]], [[Lower Saxony]] as part of NATO deployments for several decades.<ref>pp.34-35, Fleck, Dieter & Addy, Stuart, ''The handbook of the law of visiting forces'', Oxford University Press (UK), 2001</ref> At the same time, the transition to a multinational unit began, which included considerable issues in organisational psychology between the two forces.<ref>Janssen, Charles J., Dr., ''Ein bischen "bi" schadet nie: The German-Dutch Army Corps'', Psychological & Social Service, 1 (GE/NL) Corps [http://www.ijoa.org/imta96/paper22.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205030603/http://www.ijoa.org/imta96/paper22.html |date=2008-12-05 }}</ref> After concluding exercise "Cannon Cloud" at the [[Baumholder]] [[training area]] in November 2002, the corps became a "High Readiness Forces (Land) Headquarters" (HRF(L) HQ) as part of NATO's Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF). The first deployment within this framework took place between February and August 2003 when the corps operated as [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]]'s headquarters in [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.1gnc.de/history/corpshistory/corpshistory.htm|title=History of the garrison Münster|access-date=2008-02-24 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080209033325/http://www.1gnc.de/history/corpshistory/corpshistory.htm |archive-date = 2008-02-09}}</ref> (HQ ISAF-3), following the command periodes of the United Kingdom (ISAF-1) and Turkey (ISAF-2) [[Image:MuensterDeutschNiederlaendischesKorps.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of 1(GE/NL)Corps in Münster]] Following this, the "Land Component Command" was further developed. From the beginning of 2004, the corps was subordinate to [[NATO]] [[Allied Joint Force Command Naples]] and became "NATO Response Force-Headquarters" (NRF) in November 2004. During the first half of 2005 it was on stand-by as the fourth headquarters NRF-4. Since the transfer of the first [[Military of Belgium|Belgian]] officer in 2005 and ten [[French Armed Forces]] officers in 2006 to Münster, twelve nations are represented at 1 German/Netherlands Corps. From January to July 2005, the Corps assumed the standby role as the NATO Response Force Land Component Command to demonstrate the NATO Initial Operational Capability. During the months of May and June 2005, 1(GE/NL) Corps practiced this capability by conducting exercise IRON SWORD, a challenging Deployment Field Training Exercise to practice multinational operations in an expeditionary environment. In deploying more than 6,000 soldiers and 2,500 vehicles by land, air and sea from Central Europe to Norway, the Corps clearly illustrated the progress made during the NATO Response Force standby period and made a real contribution towards the continual development of the NATO Response Force Full Operational Capability. The Corps was also the on-call High Readiness Force for NATO contingency operations in 2008. In 2009, the Corps deployed to Afghanistan providing the core staff of the International Security Assistance Force ([[ISAF]]) and the ISAF Joint Command. The Corps also provided national troop contributions, most notably a 40-man contingent to Regional Command South. From mid 2013 until January 2014, some 200 multi-national Staff Officers and soldiers deployed to Kabul, Afghanistan, to contribute to the ISAF HQ, ISAF Joint Command and other units. In 2015, the 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps HQ was on stand-by for the NRF for the third time. Following the decisions taken in Cardiff, Wales, additionally the Corps was tasked to develop and test the Initial Very High Readiness Task Force concept, which resulted in deployment of units from Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, The Netherlands and Norway to the Zagan training Area in Poland to conduct exercise Noble Jump. Due to the security situation at that moment, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, SACEUR General Philip Breedlove, four Ministers of Defence as well as some 200 journalists visited the exercise. Currently, apart from its Staff Support Battalion and Command Information Systems Battalion, the Corps does not have assigned units any longer. Following a (NATO) Force Generation Process, the Corps will get multinational units assigned to create a tailor-made organisation capable of meeting the given tasks. Since mid 2017 until mid 2018, the Corps is on stand-by as NATO Joint Task Force HQ (Land) together with its sister-HQ French Rapid Reaction Corps in Lille. Following that, in 2019 the Muenster HQ will be on stand-by again for the NATO Response Force. ===Commanders=== {|| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#dadada" | '''Nr.''' ! style="background:#dadada" | '''Name''' ! style="background:#dadada" | '''Country''' ! style="background:#dadada" | '''Start of appointment''' ! style="background:#dadada" | '''End of appointment''' |- |10 |Lt Gen [[Alfons Mais]] |[[Germany]] | style="text-align:center;"|9 May 2019 | style="text-align:center;"|--- |- |9 |Lt Gen [[Michiel van der Laan]] |[[Netherlands]] | style="text-align:center;"|7 April 2016 | style="text-align:center;"|9 May 2019 |- |8 |Lt Gen [[Volker Halbauer]] |Germany | style="text-align:center;"|25 September 2013 | style="text-align:center;"|7 April 2016 |- |7 |Lt Gen [[Ton van Loon]] |Netherlands | style="text-align:center;"|13 April 2010 | style="text-align:center;"|25 September 2013 |- |6 |Lt Gen [[Volker Wieker]] |Germany | style="text-align:center;"|1 July 2008 | style="text-align:center;"|13 April 2010 |- |5 |Lt Gen [[Tony van Diepenbrugge]] |Netherlands | style="text-align:center;"|1 July 2005 | style="text-align:center;"|1 July 2008 |- |4 |Lt Gen [[Norbert van Heyst]] |Germany | style="text-align:center;"|4 July 2002 | style="text-align:center;"|1 July 2005 |- |3 |Lt Gen [[Marcel Urlings]] |Netherlands | style="text-align:center;"|22 March 2000 | style="text-align:center;"|4 July 2002 |- |2 |Lt Gen [[Karsten Oltmanns]] |Germany | style="text-align:center;"|27 November 1997 | style="text-align:center;"|22 March 2000 |- |1 |Lt Gen [[Ruurd Reitsma]] |Netherlands | style="text-align:center;"|30 August 1995 | style="text-align:center;"|27 November 1997 |} ==Current structure == In an emergency the corps must be able to deploy and lead a military mission inside and outside NATO territory within twenty to thirty days and in case of being on stand-by for NRF (NATO Response Force, 2019) or VJTF (Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, mid-2017 – mid-2018) first elements will be deployed within 2 days. The Commander (COM), as noted above, is the German Lieutenant General Andreas Marlow; the Chief of Staff (COS) is the Dutch Brigadier General Rob Querido. The Deputy Commander (DCOM) is Dutch Major General Gerard Koot. The Corps contains 4 entities led by Brigadier Generals, namely the Support Division, the Operations+Training Division, the Knowledge+Policy+Plans Division and the Communication+Engagement Division. The following units are permanently part of HQ 1(GE/NL) Corps: * Staff Support Battalion (Münster) * Communication and Information Systems (CIS) Battalion (Eibergen and Garderen) Both these units are fully binational, manned with German and Dutch soldiers. ==See also== *[[Franco-German Brigade]] == Notes == {{reflist}} ==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120818140654/http://www.1gnc.org/ Official website] * [http://www.facebook.com/1gnc.org/ Official Facebook-Account] {{Coord|51|57|59.40|N|7|36|56.15|E|type:landmark_region:DE-NW_source:dewiki|display=title}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:I. German-Netherlands Corps}} [[Category:Army corps of the Bundeswehr]] [[Category:Army units and formations of the Netherlands]] [[Category:Multinational army units and formations]] [[Category:Germany–Netherlands military relations]] [[Category:Military units and formations established in 1995]]'
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext)
'{{Infobox military unit | unit_name = 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps | image = 1 (GE-NL) Corps.svg | image_size = 100px | caption = | dates = 1995–present | country = [[Germany]] <br/>[[The Netherlands]] | allegiance = {{flag|NATO}}<br/>{{flag|European Union}}<br/>{{flag|Germany}}<br/>{{flag|The Netherlands}} | branch = Army | type = | role = [[Air assault]]<br>[[Armoured warfare]]<br>[[Close-quarters combat]]<br>[[Cold-weather warfare]]<br>[[Combined arms]]<br>[[Forward observer]]<br>[[Maneuver warfare]]<br>[[Peacekeeping]]<br>[[Raid (military)| Raiding]]<br>[[Reconnaissance]]<br>[[Urban warfare]] | size = 30,000<ref>Cowell, Alan, After 50 Years, a German-Dutch Military Partnership, ''The New York Times'', Tuesday, September 12, 1995</ref> | command_structure = | garrison = [[Münster]], [[Germany]] ([[Headquarters|HQ]])<br/> [[Eibergen]], [[The Netherlands]] <br/> [[Garderen]], The Netherlands | garrison_label = Garrisons | nickname = | patron = | motto = Communitate valemus <br />''Together we are strong'' | colors = | colors_label = | march = | mascot = | equipment = | equipment_label = | battles = | anniversaries = | decorations = | battle_honours = <!-- Commanders --> | commander1 = [[Lieutenant General]] [[Andreas Marlow]] | commander1_label = Corps Commander | commander2 = [[Major General]] Gerard Koot | commander2_label = Deputy Corps Commander | commander3 = [[Brigadier General]] Stefan Geilen | commander3_label = Chief of Staff | notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia --> | identification_symbol = | identification_symbol_label = | identification_symbol_2 = | identification_symbol_2_label = }} '''1 (GE/NL) Corps''' is a multinational formation consisting of units from both the [[Royal Netherlands Army]] and [[German Army]]. The corps' headquarters also takes part in [[NATO Response Force]] readiness rotations. It is situated in [[Münster]] ([[Westphalia|Northrhine Westphalia]]), formerly the headquarters of the German Army's I. Corps out of which 1 German/Netherlands Corps evolved. The corps has ''national'' and multinational operational responsibilities, and its commanding officer is the only one in Europe to have OPCON in peacetime.<ref>pp.26-27, Thomas-Durell Young, Multinational Land Formations and NATO: Reforming practices and structures, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1997</ref> Due to its role as a NATO High Readiness Forces Headquarters, soldiers from other NATO member states, the [[Military of the United States|United States]], [[Norwegian Defence Force|Norway]], [[Spanish Armed Forces|Spain]], [[Military of Italy|Italy]], the [[British Armed Forces|United Kingdom]], [[French Armed Forces|France]], [[Greek Armed Forces|Greece]], [[Turkish Armed Forces|Turkey]], [[Czech Armed Forces|Czech Republic]] and [[Belgian Armed Forces|Belgium]] are also stationed in Münster. ==History== In 1991 the [[defence minister]]s of [[The Netherlands]] and [[Germany]] decided to establish a binational Headquarters to replace one German Corps Headquarters and one Dutch Corps Headquarters. In 1993 a treaty between the two countries was signed which resulted in two previously independent Headquarters being amalgamated to form 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps HQ or 1 (GE/NL) Corps consisting of one German and one Dutch division.<ref>p.61, Matláry, Janne Haaland, Østerud, Øyvind, ''Denationalisation of Defence'', Ashgate, 2007</ref> [[I Corps (Bundeswehr)|I German Corps]] had previously consisted of [[1st Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)|1st Panzer Division]], [[3rd Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)|3rd Panzer Division]], [[7th Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)|7th Panzer Division]], [[11th Panzergrenadier Division (Bundeswehr)|11th Panzergrenadier Division]], and [[27th Airborne Brigade (Bundeswehr)|27th Airborne Brigade]]. After the end of the Cold War, various corps troops, such as Air defense command 1, Pioneer command 1 and Medical command 1 were dissolved in September 1993. For the I Corps Headquarters itself the plans saw first of all that it should be amalgamated in [[Mönchengladbach]] with the [[Territorial Northern Command]]. However, new considerations to multinational units meant that the German I. Korps Headquarters was disbanded in August 1995, being merged into the 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps. The corps' readiness for action was achieved on August 30, 1995, and celebrated in the presence of the [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]] [[Wim Kok]] and the [[Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)|German Chancellor]] [[Helmut Kohl]]. The headquarters were chosen to be in Münster because Münster was already the location of the I German Corps' headquarters. On top of that it was chosen due to the particular significance for both countries as the place where the [[Peace of Westphalia]] was signed.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} In 1997, [[Germany]] and the [[Netherlands]] laid down the cooperation in several documents. In general, these state that Germany and the Netherlands provide the Corps framework on an equal basis; both countries share the responsibility for command & control capabilities. In 2002, the Corps met NATO Full Operational Capability criteria and was certified to act as a High Readiness Force Headquarters capable of rapid deployment as part of a NATO Combined Joint Task Force. Since 2002, the multinational Corps HQ has been based on a Memorandum of Understanding between 12 NATO nations. The original tasks of the corps lay in the defence of the territories of NATO member states as part of NATO's main defence force as well as taking part in peacekeeping missions, humanitarian missions and emergency aid during [[natural disaster]]s. [[Image:BW Barettabzeichen DNL.png|thumb|right|Beret badge of 1 (GE/NL) Corps]] Soon after its Final Operational Capability, the corps was given new tasks: it was designated "Forces Answerable to the Western European Union",<ref>pp.28, Thomas-Durell Young, Multinational Land Formations and NATO: Reforming practices and structures, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1997</ref> and since December 1999, the corps is a Land Component Command within NATO's command structure. At this time its subordinated divisions were the 1st German Panzer Division from Military District Command II in Hannover, and the Netherlands [[First Division 7 December|1st Division 7 December]], a mechanised infantry formation stationed in [[Apeldoorn]], principally its 41st Armoured Brigade, in 1990s 41st Light Brigade?) that had been stationed in [[Seedorf, Lower Saxony|Seedorf]], [[Lower Saxony]] as part of NATO deployments for several decades.<ref>pp.34-35, Fleck, Dieter & Addy, Stuart, ''The handbook of the law of visiting forces'', Oxford University Press (UK), 2001</ref> At the same time, the transition to a multinational unit began, which included considerable issues in organisational psychology between the two forces.<ref>Janssen, Charles J., Dr., ''Ein bischen "bi" schadet nie: The German-Dutch Army Corps'', Psychological & Social Service, 1 (GE/NL) Corps [http://www.ijoa.org/imta96/paper22.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205030603/http://www.ijoa.org/imta96/paper22.html |date=2008-12-05 }}</ref> After concluding exercise "Cannon Cloud" at the [[Baumholder]] [[training area]] in November 2002, the corps became a "High Readiness Forces (Land) Headquarters" (HRF(L) HQ) as part of NATO's Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF). The first deployment within this framework took place between February and August 2003 when the corps operated as [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]]'s headquarters in [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.1gnc.de/history/corpshistory/corpshistory.htm|title=History of the garrison Münster|access-date=2008-02-24 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080209033325/http://www.1gnc.de/history/corpshistory/corpshistory.htm |archive-date = 2008-02-09}}</ref> (HQ ISAF-3), following the command periodes of the United Kingdom (ISAF-1) and Turkey (ISAF-2) [[Image:MuensterDeutschNiederlaendischesKorps.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of 1(GE/NL)Corps in Münster]] Following this, the "Land Component Command" was further developed. From the beginning of 2004, the corps was subordinate to [[NATO]] [[Allied Joint Force Command Naples]] and became "NATO Response Force-Headquarters" (NRF) in November 2004. During the first half of 2005 it was on stand-by as the fourth headquarters NRF-4. Since the transfer of the first [[Military of Belgium|Belgian]] officer in 2005 and ten [[French Armed Forces]] officers in 2006 to Münster, twelve nations are represented at 1 German/Netherlands Corps. From January to July 2005, the Corps assumed the standby role as the NATO Response Force Land Component Command to demonstrate the NATO Initial Operational Capability. During the months of May and June 2005, 1(GE/NL) Corps practiced this capability by conducting exercise IRON SWORD, a challenging Deployment Field Training Exercise to practice multinational operations in an expeditionary environment. In deploying more than 6,000 soldiers and 2,500 vehicles by land, air and sea from Central Europe to Norway, the Corps clearly illustrated the progress made during the NATO Response Force standby period and made a real contribution towards the continual development of the NATO Response Force Full Operational Capability. The Corps was also the on-call High Readiness Force for NATO contingency operations in 2008. In 2009, the Corps deployed to Afghanistan providing the core staff of the International Security Assistance Force ([[ISAF]]) and the ISAF Joint Command. The Corps also provided national troop contributions, most notably a 40-man contingent to Regional Command South. From mid 2013 until January 2014, some 200 multi-national Staff Officers and soldiers deployed to Kabul, Afghanistan, to contribute to the ISAF HQ, ISAF Joint Command and other units. In 2015, the 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps HQ was on stand-by for the NRF for the third time. Following the decisions taken in Cardiff, Wales, additionally the Corps was tasked to develop and test the Initial Very High Readiness Task Force concept, which resulted in deployment of units from Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, The Netherlands and Norway to the Zagan training Area in Poland to conduct exercise Noble Jump. Due to the security situation at that moment, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, SACEUR General Philip Breedlove, four Ministers of Defence as well as some 200 journalists visited the exercise. Currently, apart from its Staff Support Battalion and Command Information Systems Battalion, the Corps does not have assigned units any longer. Following a (NATO) Force Generation Process, the Corps will get multinational units assigned to create a tailor-made organisation capable of meeting the given tasks. The Corps served as Land Component Command for the NATO Response Force in 2005, 2008, 2015, 2019 and will be on stand-by again in 2023. ===Commanders=== {|| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#dadada" | '''Nr.''' ! style="background:#dadada" | '''Name''' ! style="background:#dadada" | '''Country''' ! style="background:#dadada" | '''Start of appointment''' ! style="background:#dadada" | '''End of appointment''' |- |11 |Lt Gen Andreas Marlow |Germany |6 February 2020 | --- |- |10 |Lt Gen [[Alfons Mais]] |[[Germany]] | style="text-align:center;" |9 May 2019 | style="text-align:center;" |6 February 2020 |- |9 |Lt Gen [[Michiel van der Laan]] |[[Netherlands]] | style="text-align:center;"|7 April 2016 | style="text-align:center;"|9 May 2019 |- |8 |Lt Gen [[Volker Halbauer]] |Germany | style="text-align:center;"|25 September 2013 | style="text-align:center;"|7 April 2016 |- |7 |Lt Gen [[Ton van Loon]] |Netherlands | style="text-align:center;"|13 April 2010 | style="text-align:center;"|25 September 2013 |- |6 |Lt Gen [[Volker Wieker]] |Germany | style="text-align:center;"|1 July 2008 | style="text-align:center;"|13 April 2010 |- |5 |Lt Gen [[Tony van Diepenbrugge]] |Netherlands | style="text-align:center;"|1 July 2005 | style="text-align:center;"|1 July 2008 |- |4 |Lt Gen [[Norbert van Heyst]] |Germany | style="text-align:center;"|4 July 2002 | style="text-align:center;"|1 July 2005 |- |3 |Lt Gen [[Marcel Urlings]] |Netherlands | style="text-align:center;"|22 March 2000 | style="text-align:center;"|4 July 2002 |- |2 |Lt Gen [[Karsten Oltmanns]] |Germany | style="text-align:center;"|27 November 1997 | style="text-align:center;"|22 March 2000 |- |1 |Lt Gen [[Ruurd Reitsma]] |Netherlands | style="text-align:center;"|30 August 1995 | style="text-align:center;"|27 November 1997 |} ==Current structure == In an emergency the corps must be able to deploy and lead a military mission inside and outside NATO territory within twenty to thirty days and in case of being on stand-by for NRF (NATO Response Force, 2019) or VJTF (Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, mid-2017 – mid-2018) first elements will be deployed within 2 days. The Commander (COM), as noted above, is the German Lieutenant General Andreas Marlow; the Chief of Staff (COS) is the German Brigadier General Stefan Geilen. The Deputy Commander (DCOM) is Dutch Major General Gerard Koot. The following units are permanently part of HQ 1(GE/NL) Corps: * Staff Support Battalion (Münster) * Communication and Information Systems (CIS) Battalion (Eibergen and Garderen) Both these units are fully binational, manned with German and Dutch soldiers. ==See also== *[[Franco-German Brigade]] == Notes == {{reflist}} ==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120818140654/http://www.1gnc.org/ Official website] * [http://www.facebook.com/1gnc.org/ Official Facebook-Account] {{Coord|51|57|59.40|N|7|36|56.15|E|type:landmark_region:DE-NW_source:dewiki|display=title}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:I. German-Netherlands Corps}} [[Category:Army corps of the Bundeswehr]] [[Category:Army units and formations of the Netherlands]] [[Category:Multinational army units and formations]] [[Category:Germany–Netherlands military relations]] [[Category:Military units and formations established in 1995]]'
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff)
'@@ -1,43 +1,41 @@ {{Infobox military unit -|unit_name= 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps -|image=1 (GE-NL) Corps.svg -|image_size=100px -|caption= -|dates= 1995–present -|country=[[Germany]] <br/>[[The Netherlands]] -|allegiance= {{flag|NATO}}<br/>{{flag|European Union}}<br/>{{flag|Germany}}<br/>{{flag|The Netherlands}} -|branch= Army -|type= -|role= [[Air assault]]<br>[[Armoured warfare]]<br>[[Close-quarters combat]]<br>[[Cold-weather warfare]]<br>[[Combined arms]]<br>[[Forward observer]]<br>[[Maneuver warfare]]<br>[[Peacekeeping]]<br>[[Raid (military)| Raiding]]<br>[[Reconnaissance]]<br>[[Urban warfare]] -|size= 30,000<ref>Cowell, Alan, After 50 Years, a German-Dutch Military Partnership, ''The New York Times'', Tuesday, September 12, 1995</ref> -|command_structure= -|garrison=[[Münster]], [[Germany]] ([[Headquarters|HQ]])<br/> [[Eibergen]], [[The Netherlands]] <br/> [[Garderen]], The Netherlands -|garrison_label=Garrisons -|nickname= -|patron= -|motto=Communitate valemus <br />''Together we are strong'' -|colors= -|colors_label= -|march= -|mascot= -|equipment= -|equipment_label= -|battles= -|anniversaries= -|decorations= -|battle_honours= -<!-- Commanders --> -|commander1=[[Lieutenant General]] [[Alfons Mais]] -|commander1_label=Corps Commander -|commander2=[[Major General]] Gerard Koot -|commander2_label=Deputy Corps Commander -|commander3=[[Brigadier General]] Rob Querido -|commander3_label=Chief of Staff -|notable_commanders= -<!-- Insignia --> -|identification_symbol= -|identification_symbol_label= -|identification_symbol_2= -|identification_symbol_2_label= +| unit_name = 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps +| image = 1 (GE-NL) Corps.svg +| image_size = 100px +| caption = +| dates = 1995–present +| country = [[Germany]] <br/>[[The Netherlands]] +| allegiance = {{flag|NATO}}<br/>{{flag|European Union}}<br/>{{flag|Germany}}<br/>{{flag|The Netherlands}} +| branch = Army +| type = +| role = [[Air assault]]<br>[[Armoured warfare]]<br>[[Close-quarters combat]]<br>[[Cold-weather warfare]]<br>[[Combined arms]]<br>[[Forward observer]]<br>[[Maneuver warfare]]<br>[[Peacekeeping]]<br>[[Raid (military)| Raiding]]<br>[[Reconnaissance]]<br>[[Urban warfare]] +| size = 30,000<ref>Cowell, Alan, After 50 Years, a German-Dutch Military Partnership, ''The New York Times'', Tuesday, September 12, 1995</ref> +| command_structure = +| garrison = [[Münster]], [[Germany]] ([[Headquarters|HQ]])<br/> [[Eibergen]], [[The Netherlands]] <br/> [[Garderen]], The Netherlands +| garrison_label = Garrisons +| nickname = +| patron = +| motto = Communitate valemus <br />''Together we are strong'' +| colors = +| colors_label = +| march = +| mascot = +| equipment = +| equipment_label = +| battles = +| anniversaries = +| decorations = +| battle_honours = <!-- Commanders --> +| commander1 = [[Lieutenant General]] [[Andreas Marlow]] +| commander1_label = Corps Commander +| commander2 = [[Major General]] Gerard Koot +| commander2_label = Deputy Corps Commander +| commander3 = [[Brigadier General]] Stefan Geilen +| commander3_label = Chief of Staff +| notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia --> +| identification_symbol = +| identification_symbol_label = +| identification_symbol_2 = +| identification_symbol_2_label = }} '''1 (GE/NL) Corps''' is a multinational formation consisting of units from both the [[Royal Netherlands Army]] and [[German Army]]. The corps' headquarters also takes part in [[NATO Response Force]] readiness rotations. It is situated in [[Münster]] ([[Westphalia|Northrhine Westphalia]]), formerly the headquarters of the German Army's I. Corps out of which 1 German/Netherlands Corps evolved. The corps has ''national'' and multinational operational responsibilities, and its commanding officer is the only one in Europe to have OPCON in peacetime.<ref>pp.26-27, Thomas-Durell Young, Multinational Land Formations and NATO: Reforming practices and structures, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1997</ref> @@ -72,5 +70,5 @@ In 2015, the 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps HQ was on stand-by for the NRF for the third time. Following the decisions taken in Cardiff, Wales, additionally the Corps was tasked to develop and test the Initial Very High Readiness Task Force concept, which resulted in deployment of units from Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, The Netherlands and Norway to the Zagan training Area in Poland to conduct exercise Noble Jump. Due to the security situation at that moment, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, SACEUR General Philip Breedlove, four Ministers of Defence as well as some 200 journalists visited the exercise. -Currently, apart from its Staff Support Battalion and Command Information Systems Battalion, the Corps does not have assigned units any longer. Following a (NATO) Force Generation Process, the Corps will get multinational units assigned to create a tailor-made organisation capable of meeting the given tasks. Since mid 2017 until mid 2018, the Corps is on stand-by as NATO Joint Task Force HQ (Land) together with its sister-HQ French Rapid Reaction Corps in Lille. Following that, in 2019 the Muenster HQ will be on stand-by again for the NATO Response Force. +Currently, apart from its Staff Support Battalion and Command Information Systems Battalion, the Corps does not have assigned units any longer. Following a (NATO) Force Generation Process, the Corps will get multinational units assigned to create a tailor-made organisation capable of meeting the given tasks. The Corps served as Land Component Command for the NATO Response Force in 2005, 2008, 2015, 2019 and will be on stand-by again in 2023. ===Commanders=== @@ -81,10 +79,16 @@ ! style="background:#dadada" | '''Start of appointment''' ! style="background:#dadada" | '''End of appointment''' +|- +|11 +|Lt Gen Andreas Marlow +|Germany +|6 February 2020 +| --- |- |10 |Lt Gen [[Alfons Mais]] |[[Germany]] -| style="text-align:center;"|9 May 2019 -| style="text-align:center;"|--- +| style="text-align:center;" |9 May 2019 +| style="text-align:center;" |6 February 2020 |- |9 @@ -146,5 +150,5 @@ In an emergency the corps must be able to deploy and lead a military mission inside and outside NATO territory within twenty to thirty days and in case of being on stand-by for NRF (NATO Response Force, 2019) or VJTF (Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, mid-2017 – mid-2018) first elements will be deployed within 2 days. -The Commander (COM), as noted above, is the German Lieutenant General Andreas Marlow; the Chief of Staff (COS) is the Dutch Brigadier General Rob Querido. The Deputy Commander (DCOM) is Dutch Major General Gerard Koot. The Corps contains 4 entities led by Brigadier Generals, namely the Support Division, the Operations+Training Division, the Knowledge+Policy+Plans Division and the Communication+Engagement Division. +The Commander (COM), as noted above, is the German Lieutenant General Andreas Marlow; the Chief of Staff (COS) is the German Brigadier General Stefan Geilen. The Deputy Commander (DCOM) is Dutch Major General Gerard Koot. The following units are permanently part of HQ 1(GE/NL) Corps: '
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[ 0 => '| unit_name = 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps', 1 => '| image = 1 (GE-NL) Corps.svg', 2 => '| image_size = 100px', 3 => '| caption = ', 4 => '| dates = 1995–present', 5 => '| country = [[Germany]] <br/>[[The Netherlands]]', 6 => '| allegiance = {{flag|NATO}}<br/>{{flag|European Union}}<br/>{{flag|Germany}}<br/>{{flag|The Netherlands}}', 7 => '| branch = Army', 8 => '| type = ', 9 => '| role = [[Air assault]]<br>[[Armoured warfare]]<br>[[Close-quarters combat]]<br>[[Cold-weather warfare]]<br>[[Combined arms]]<br>[[Forward observer]]<br>[[Maneuver warfare]]<br>[[Peacekeeping]]<br>[[Raid (military)| Raiding]]<br>[[Reconnaissance]]<br>[[Urban warfare]]', 10 => '| size = 30,000<ref>Cowell, Alan, After 50 Years, a German-Dutch Military Partnership, ''The New York Times'', Tuesday, September 12, 1995</ref>', 11 => '| command_structure = ', 12 => '| garrison = [[Münster]], [[Germany]] ([[Headquarters|HQ]])<br/> [[Eibergen]], [[The Netherlands]] <br/> [[Garderen]], The Netherlands', 13 => '| garrison_label = Garrisons', 14 => '| nickname = ', 15 => '| patron = ', 16 => '| motto = Communitate valemus <br />''Together we are strong''', 17 => '| colors = ', 18 => '| colors_label = ', 19 => '| march = ', 20 => '| mascot = ', 21 => '| equipment = ', 22 => '| equipment_label = ', 23 => '| battles = ', 24 => '| anniversaries = ', 25 => '| decorations = ', 26 => '| battle_honours = <!-- Commanders -->', 27 => '| commander1 = [[Lieutenant General]] [[Andreas Marlow]]', 28 => '| commander1_label = Corps Commander', 29 => '| commander2 = [[Major General]] Gerard Koot', 30 => '| commander2_label = Deputy Corps Commander', 31 => '| commander3 = [[Brigadier General]] Stefan Geilen', 32 => '| commander3_label = Chief of Staff', 33 => '| notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia -->', 34 => '| identification_symbol = ', 35 => '| identification_symbol_label = ', 36 => '| identification_symbol_2 = ', 37 => '| identification_symbol_2_label = ', 38 => 'Currently, apart from its Staff Support Battalion and Command Information Systems Battalion, the Corps does not have assigned units any longer. Following a (NATO) Force Generation Process, the Corps will get multinational units assigned to create a tailor-made organisation capable of meeting the given tasks. The Corps served as Land Component Command for the NATO Response Force in 2005, 2008, 2015, 2019 and will be on stand-by again in 2023.', 39 => '|-', 40 => '|11', 41 => '|Lt Gen Andreas Marlow', 42 => '|Germany', 43 => '|6 February 2020', 44 => '| ---', 45 => '| style="text-align:center;" |9 May 2019', 46 => '| style="text-align:center;" |6 February 2020', 47 => 'The Commander (COM), as noted above, is the German Lieutenant General Andreas Marlow; the Chief of Staff (COS) is the German Brigadier General Stefan Geilen. The Deputy Commander (DCOM) is Dutch Major General Gerard Koot. ' ]
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[ 0 => '|unit_name= 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps', 1 => '|image=1 (GE-NL) Corps.svg', 2 => '|image_size=100px', 3 => '|caption= ', 4 => '|dates= 1995–present', 5 => '|country=[[Germany]] <br/>[[The Netherlands]]', 6 => '|allegiance= {{flag|NATO}}<br/>{{flag|European Union}}<br/>{{flag|Germany}}<br/>{{flag|The Netherlands}}', 7 => '|branch= Army', 8 => '|type= ', 9 => '|role= [[Air assault]]<br>[[Armoured warfare]]<br>[[Close-quarters combat]]<br>[[Cold-weather warfare]]<br>[[Combined arms]]<br>[[Forward observer]]<br>[[Maneuver warfare]]<br>[[Peacekeeping]]<br>[[Raid (military)| Raiding]]<br>[[Reconnaissance]]<br>[[Urban warfare]]', 10 => '|size= 30,000<ref>Cowell, Alan, After 50 Years, a German-Dutch Military Partnership, ''The New York Times'', Tuesday, September 12, 1995</ref>', 11 => '|command_structure=', 12 => '|garrison=[[Münster]], [[Germany]] ([[Headquarters|HQ]])<br/> [[Eibergen]], [[The Netherlands]] <br/> [[Garderen]], The Netherlands', 13 => '|garrison_label=Garrisons', 14 => '|nickname=', 15 => '|patron=', 16 => '|motto=Communitate valemus <br />''Together we are strong''', 17 => '|colors=', 18 => '|colors_label=', 19 => '|march=', 20 => '|mascot=', 21 => '|equipment=', 22 => '|equipment_label=', 23 => '|battles=', 24 => '|anniversaries=', 25 => '|decorations=', 26 => '|battle_honours=', 27 => '<!-- Commanders -->', 28 => '|commander1=[[Lieutenant General]] [[Alfons Mais]]', 29 => '|commander1_label=Corps Commander ', 30 => '|commander2=[[Major General]] Gerard Koot', 31 => '|commander2_label=Deputy Corps Commander', 32 => '|commander3=[[Brigadier General]] Rob Querido', 33 => '|commander3_label=Chief of Staff', 34 => '|notable_commanders=', 35 => '<!-- Insignia -->', 36 => '|identification_symbol=', 37 => '|identification_symbol_label=', 38 => '|identification_symbol_2=', 39 => '|identification_symbol_2_label=', 40 => 'Currently, apart from its Staff Support Battalion and Command Information Systems Battalion, the Corps does not have assigned units any longer. Following a (NATO) Force Generation Process, the Corps will get multinational units assigned to create a tailor-made organisation capable of meeting the given tasks. Since mid 2017 until mid 2018, the Corps is on stand-by as NATO Joint Task Force HQ (Land) together with its sister-HQ French Rapid Reaction Corps in Lille. Following that, in 2019 the Muenster HQ will be on stand-by again for the NATO Response Force.', 41 => '| style="text-align:center;"|9 May 2019', 42 => '| style="text-align:center;"|---', 43 => 'The Commander (COM), as noted above, is the German Lieutenant General Andreas Marlow; the Chief of Staff (COS) is the Dutch Brigadier General Rob Querido. The Deputy Commander (DCOM) is Dutch Major General Gerard Koot. The Corps contains 4 entities led by Brigadier Generals, namely the Support Division, the Operations+Training Division, the Knowledge+Policy+Plans Division and the Communication+Engagement Division.' ]
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'<div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604326">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">1 (German/Netherlands) Corps</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:1_(GE-NL)_Corps.svg" class="image"><img alt="1 (GE-NL) Corps.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/1_%28GE-NL%29_Corps.svg/100px-1_%28GE-NL%29_Corps.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" 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class="infobox-data">Army</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_assault" title="Air assault">Air assault</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armoured warfare</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Close-quarters_combat" title="Close-quarters combat">Close-quarters combat</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cold-weather_warfare" title="Cold-weather warfare">Cold-weather warfare</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">Combined arms</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forward_observer" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward observer">Forward observer</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maneuver_warfare" title="Maneuver warfare">Maneuver warfare</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raid_(military)" title="Raid (military)"> Raiding</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">Reconnaissance</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban warfare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">30,000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrisons</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">HQ</a>)<br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eibergen" title="Eibergen">Eibergen</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Netherlands">The Netherlands</a> <br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garderen" title="Garderen">Garderen</a>, The Netherlands</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Communitate valemus <br /><i>Together we are strong</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Corps Commander</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Marlow&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andreas Marlow (page does not exist)">Andreas Marlow</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Deputy Corps Commander</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> Gerard Koot</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Chief of Staff</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">Brigadier General</a> Stefan Geilen</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p><b>1 (GE/NL) Corps</b> is a multinational formation consisting of units from both the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Army" title="Royal Netherlands Army">Royal Netherlands Army</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/German_Army" title="German Army">German Army</a>. The corps' headquarters also takes part in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NATO_Response_Force" title="NATO Response Force">NATO Response Force</a> readiness rotations. It is situated in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Northrhine Westphalia</a>), formerly the headquarters of the German Army's I. Corps out of which 1 German/Netherlands Corps evolved. The corps has <i>national</i> and multinational operational responsibilities, and its commanding officer is the only one in Europe to have OPCON in peacetime.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Due to its role as a NATO High Readiness Forces Headquarters, soldiers from other NATO member states, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the United States">United States</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norwegian_Defence_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Defence Force">Norway</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spain</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Italy">Italy</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">France</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greek_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Armed Forces">Greece</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkey</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Czech_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Armed Forces">Czech Republic</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Belgium</a> are also stationed in Münster. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Commanders"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Commanders</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Current_structure"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Current structure</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=I._German/Dutch_Corps&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>In 1991 the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Defence_minister" title="Defence minister">defence ministers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Netherlands">The Netherlands</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> decided to establish a binational Headquarters to replace one German Corps Headquarters and one Dutch Corps Headquarters. In 1993 a treaty between the two countries was signed which resulted in two previously independent Headquarters being amalgamated to form 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps HQ or 1 (GE/NL) Corps consisting of one German and one Dutch division.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> </p><p><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=I_Corps_(Bundeswehr)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="I Corps (Bundeswehr) (page does not exist)">I German Corps</a> had previously consisted of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1st_Panzer_Division_(Bundeswehr)" title="1st Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)">1st Panzer Division</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/3rd_Panzer_Division_(Bundeswehr)" title="3rd Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)">3rd Panzer Division</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/7th_Panzer_Division_(Bundeswehr)" title="7th Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)">7th Panzer Division</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/11th_Panzergrenadier_Division_(Bundeswehr)" title="11th Panzergrenadier Division (Bundeswehr)">11th Panzergrenadier Division</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=27th_Airborne_Brigade_(Bundeswehr)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="27th Airborne Brigade (Bundeswehr) (page does not exist)">27th Airborne Brigade</a>. After the end of the Cold War, various corps troops, such as Air defense command 1, Pioneer command 1 and Medical command 1 were dissolved in September 1993. For the I Corps Headquarters itself the plans saw first of all that it should be amalgamated in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a> with the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Territorial_Northern_Command&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Territorial Northern Command (page does not exist)">Territorial Northern Command</a>. However, new considerations to multinational units meant that the German I. Korps Headquarters was disbanded in August 1995, being merged into the 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps. </p><p>The corps' readiness for action was achieved on August 30, 1995, and celebrated in the presence of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Dutch Prime Minister</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wim_Kok" title="Wim Kok">Wim Kok</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(Federal_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)">German Chancellor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a>. The headquarters were chosen to be in Münster because Münster was already the location of the I German Corps' headquarters. On top of that it was chosen due to the particular significance for both countries as the place where the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> was signed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>In 1997, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> laid down the cooperation in several documents. In general, these state that Germany and the Netherlands provide the Corps framework on an equal basis; both countries share the responsibility for command &amp; control capabilities. In 2002, the Corps met NATO Full Operational Capability criteria and was certified to act as a High Readiness Force Headquarters capable of rapid deployment as part of a NATO Combined Joint Task Force. Since 2002, the multinational Corps HQ has been based on a Memorandum of Understanding between 12 NATO nations. </p><p>The original tasks of the corps lay in the defence of the territories of NATO member states as part of NATO's main defence force as well as taking part in peacekeeping missions, humanitarian missions and emergency aid during <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">natural disasters</a>. </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BW_Barettabzeichen_DNL.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BW_Barettabzeichen_DNL.png/220px-BW_Barettabzeichen_DNL.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BW_Barettabzeichen_DNL.png/330px-BW_Barettabzeichen_DNL.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/BW_Barettabzeichen_DNL.png/440px-BW_Barettabzeichen_DNL.png 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="890" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BW_Barettabzeichen_DNL.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Beret badge of 1 (GE/NL) Corps</div></div></div> <p>Soon after its Final Operational Capability, the corps was given new tasks: it was designated "Forces Answerable to the Western European Union",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> and since December 1999, the corps is a Land Component Command within NATO's command structure. At this time its subordinated divisions were the 1st German Panzer Division from Military District Command II in Hannover, and the Netherlands <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Division_7_December" title="First Division 7 December">1st Division 7 December</a>, a mechanised infantry formation stationed in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apeldoorn" title="Apeldoorn">Apeldoorn</a>, principally its 41st Armoured Brigade, in 1990s 41st Light Brigade?) that had been stationed in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seedorf,_Lower_Saxony" title="Seedorf, Lower Saxony">Seedorf</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> as part of NATO deployments for several decades.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, the transition to a multinational unit began, which included considerable issues in organisational psychology between the two forces.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> After concluding exercise "Cannon Cloud" at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baumholder" title="Baumholder">Baumholder</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Training_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Training area">training area</a> in November 2002, the corps became a "High Readiness Forces (Land) Headquarters" (HRF(L) HQ) as part of NATO's Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF). The first deployment within this framework took place between February and August 2003 when the corps operated as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a>'s headquarters in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> (HQ ISAF-3), following the command periodes of the United Kingdom (ISAF-1) and Turkey (ISAF-2) </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:MuensterDeutschNiederlaendischesKorps.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MuensterDeutschNiederlaendischesKorps.jpg/220px-MuensterDeutschNiederlaendischesKorps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MuensterDeutschNiederlaendischesKorps.jpg/330px-MuensterDeutschNiederlaendischesKorps.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MuensterDeutschNiederlaendischesKorps.jpg/440px-MuensterDeutschNiederlaendischesKorps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2559" data-file-height="1329" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:MuensterDeutschNiederlaendischesKorps.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Headquarters of 1(GE/NL)Corps in Münster</div></div></div> <p>Following this, the "Land Component Command" was further developed. From the beginning of 2004, the corps was subordinate to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples" title="Allied Joint Force Command Naples">Allied Joint Force Command Naples</a> and became "NATO Response Force-Headquarters" (NRF) in November 2004. During the first half of 2005 it was on stand-by as the fourth headquarters NRF-4. </p><p>Since the transfer of the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Belgium">Belgian</a> officer in 2005 and ten <a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">French Armed Forces</a> officers in 2006 to Münster, twelve nations are represented at 1 German/Netherlands Corps. </p><p>From January to July 2005, the Corps assumed the standby role as the NATO Response Force Land Component Command to demonstrate the NATO Initial Operational Capability. During the months of May and June 2005, 1(GE/NL) Corps practiced this capability by conducting exercise IRON SWORD, a challenging Deployment Field Training Exercise to practice multinational operations in an expeditionary environment. In deploying more than 6,000 soldiers and 2,500 vehicles by land, air and sea from Central Europe to Norway, the Corps clearly illustrated the progress made during the NATO Response Force standby period and made a real contribution towards the continual development of the NATO Response Force Full Operational Capability. </p><p>The Corps was also the on-call High Readiness Force for NATO contingency operations in 2008. In 2009, the Corps deployed to Afghanistan providing the core staff of the International Security Assistance Force (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISAF" class="mw-redirect" title="ISAF">ISAF</a>) and the ISAF Joint Command. The Corps also provided national troop contributions, most notably a 40-man contingent to Regional Command South. </p><p>From mid 2013 until January 2014, some 200 multi-national Staff Officers and soldiers deployed to Kabul, Afghanistan, to contribute to the ISAF HQ, ISAF Joint Command and other units. </p><p>In 2015, the 1 (German/Netherlands) Corps HQ was on stand-by for the NRF for the third time. Following the decisions taken in Cardiff, Wales, additionally the Corps was tasked to develop and test the Initial Very High Readiness Task Force concept, which resulted in deployment of units from Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, The Netherlands and Norway to the Zagan training Area in Poland to conduct exercise Noble Jump. Due to the security situation at that moment, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, SACEUR General Philip Breedlove, four Ministers of Defence as well as some 200 journalists visited the exercise. </p><p>Currently, apart from its Staff Support Battalion and Command Information Systems Battalion, the Corps does not have assigned units any longer. Following a (NATO) Force Generation Process, the Corps will get multinational units assigned to create a tailor-made organisation capable of meeting the given tasks. The Corps served as Land Component Command for the NATO Response Force in 2005, 2008, 2015, 2019 and will be on stand-by again in 2023. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Commanders">Commanders</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=I._German/Dutch_Corps&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Commanders">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#dadada"><b>Nr.</b> </th> <th style="background:#dadada"><b>Name</b> </th> <th style="background:#dadada"><b>Country</b> </th> <th style="background:#dadada"><b>Start of appointment</b> </th> <th style="background:#dadada"><b>End of appointment</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>Lt Gen Andreas Marlow </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>6 February 2020 </td> <td>--- </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>Lt Gen <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Alfons_Mais&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfons Mais (page does not exist)">Alfons Mais</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 May 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 February 2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>Lt Gen <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Michiel_van_der_Laan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michiel van der Laan (page does not exist)">Michiel van der Laan</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 April 2016 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>Lt Gen <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Volker_Halbauer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Volker Halbauer (page does not exist)">Volker Halbauer</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25 September 2013 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 April 2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>Lt Gen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ton_van_Loon" title="Ton van Loon">Ton van Loon</a> </td> <td>Netherlands </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 April 2010 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25 September 2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Lt Gen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Volker_Wieker" title="Volker Wieker">Volker Wieker</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 July 2008 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 April 2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Lt Gen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_van_Diepenbrugge" title="Tony van Diepenbrugge">Tony van Diepenbrugge</a> </td> <td>Netherlands </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 July 2005 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 July 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Lt Gen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norbert_van_Heyst" title="Norbert van Heyst">Norbert van Heyst</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 July 2002 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 July 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Lt Gen <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Urlings&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Urlings (page does not exist)">Marcel Urlings</a> </td> <td>Netherlands </td> <td style="text-align:center;">22 March 2000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 July 2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Lt Gen <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Karsten_Oltmanns&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karsten Oltmanns (page does not exist)">Karsten Oltmanns</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27 November 1997 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">22 March 2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Lt Gen <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ruurd_Reitsma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruurd Reitsma (page does not exist)">Ruurd Reitsma</a> </td> <td>Netherlands </td> <td style="text-align:center;">30 August 1995 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27 November 1997 </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Current_structure">Current structure</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=I._German/Dutch_Corps&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Current structure">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>In an emergency the corps must be able to deploy and lead a military mission inside and outside NATO territory within twenty to thirty days and in case of being on stand-by for NRF (NATO Response Force, 2019) or VJTF (Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, mid-2017 – mid-2018) first elements will be deployed within 2 days. </p><p>The Commander (COM), as noted above, is the German Lieutenant General Andreas Marlow; the Chief of Staff (COS) is the German Brigadier General Stefan Geilen. The Deputy Commander (DCOM) is Dutch Major General Gerard Koot. </p><p>The following units are permanently part of HQ 1(GE/NL) Corps: </p> <ul><li>Staff Support Battalion (Münster)</li> <li>Communication and Information Systems (CIS) Battalion (Eibergen and Garderen)</li></ul> <p>Both these units are fully binational, manned with German and Dutch soldiers. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=I._German/Dutch_Corps&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco-German_Brigade" title="Franco-German Brigade">Franco-German Brigade</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=I._German/Dutch_Corps&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cowell, Alan, After 50 Years, a German-Dutch Military Partnership, <i>The New York Times</i>, Tuesday, September 12, 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">pp.26-27, Thomas-Durell Young, Multinational Land Formations and NATO: Reforming practices and structures, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p.61, Matláry, Janne Haaland, Østerud, Øyvind, <i>Denationalisation of Defence</i>, Ashgate, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">pp.28, Thomas-Durell Young, Multinational Land Formations and NATO: Reforming practices and structures, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">pp.34-35, Fleck, Dieter &amp; Addy, Stuart, <i>The handbook of the law of visiting forces</i>, Oxford University Press (UK), 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janssen, Charles J., Dr., <i>Ein bischen "bi" schadet nie: The German-Dutch Army Corps</i>, Psychological &amp; Social Service, 1 (GE/NL) Corps <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ijoa.org/imta96/paper22.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205030603/http://www.ijoa.org/imta96/paper22.html">Archived</a> 2008-12-05 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209033325/http://www.1gnc.de/history/corpshistory/corpshistory.htm">"History of the garrison Münster"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1gnc.de/history/corpshistory/corpshistory.htm">the original</a> on 2008-02-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+garrison+M%C3%BCnster&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1gnc.de%2Fhistory%2Fcorpshistory%2Fcorpshistory.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI.+German%2FDutch+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=I._German/Dutch_Corps&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120818140654/http://www.1gnc.org/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/1gnc.org/">Official Facebook-Account</a></li></ul> <p><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r994658806">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=I._German/Dutch_Corps&amp;params=51_57_59.40_N_7_36_56.15_E_type:landmark_region:DE-NW_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°57′59.40″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°36′56.15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.9665000°N 7.6155972°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">51.9665000; 7.6155972</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4503229-4">Integrated Authority File (Germany)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000106680586">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143074096">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n96111662/">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n96111662">United States</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>'
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
false
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp)
1641993570
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