Examine individual changes

'{{Short description|Scottish-born chemist}} {{Multiple issues| {{Orphan|date=February 2022}} {{Third-party|date=February 2022}} }} {{Infobox scientist | honorific_prefix = | name = Paul Francis McMillan | image = McMillan-portrait-1977.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|6|3|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]] | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|2022|2|22|1956|6|3}}}} | death_place = [[London]], U.K. | nationality = [[British nationality|British]], [[French nationality|French]] | workplaces = [[University College London]],<br>[[Arizona State University]] | fields = {{Unbulleted list |Spectroscopy |Materials | Extreme Conditions}} | occupation = [[Academic]] and [[scientist]] | thesis_title = A structural study of aluminosilicate glasses by Raman spectroscopy | thesis_url = http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8105487 | thesis_year = 1981 | doctoral_advisor = [[Alexandra Navrotsky]], John Holloway | doctoral_students = Emanuel Soignard, Ashkan Salamat, Raul Quesada Cabrera, Rachael Hazael | website = {{URL| www.ucl.ac.uk/chemistry/people/paul-mcmillan}} }} '''Paul Francis McMillan''' (born 3 June, 1956) is a Scottish chemist who is the Sir William Ramsay Chair of Chemistry at [[University College London]].<ref name="personal-website">{{cite web |title=Personal Webpage of Prof Paul McMillan |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/chemistry/people/paul-mcmillan |access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> His research considers the study of matter under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, with a focus on phase transitions, amorphisation, and the study of glassy states. He has also investigated the survival of bacteria and larger organisms ([[tardigrades]]) under extreme compression, studies of amyloid fibrils,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meersman |first1=F |last2=McMillan |first2=PF |title=High hydrostatic pressure: a probing tool and a necessary parameter in biophysical chemistry |journal=Chem. Comm. |date=2014 |volume=50 |issue=7 |pages=766–775 |doi=10.1039/c3cc45844j |pmid=24286104}}</ref> the synthesis and characterisation of [[Carbon nitride|carbonitride]] nanocrystals and the study of water motion in confined environments. He has made extensive use of [[Raman spectroscopy]] together with [[X-ray diffraction]] and [[neutron scattering]] techniques. ==Early life and education== McMillan was born in [[Edinburgh]] and brought up in [[Loanhead]], a small mining and farming village at the base of the [[Pentland Hills]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=James|first=Frank A. J. L.|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gEIrDwAAQBAJ|title=‘The Common Purposes of Life’: Science and Society at the Royal Institution of Great Britain|date=2017-07-05|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-96317-6|pages=387|language=en}}</ref> He attended Lasswade High School where he graduated with the Marshall Memorial medal.<ref name=":0"/> He then studied for a bachelor's degree in chemistry at the [[University of Edinburgh]].<ref name=":0"/> After graduating, McMillan moved to [[Arizona State University]], where he researched geochemistry with John Holloway and [[Alexandra Navrotsky]].<ref name=":0"/> His doctoral research was in using vibrational spectroscopy to investigate the structures of silicate glasses.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McMillan |first1=Paul F |title=A structural study of aluminosilicate glasses by Raman spectroscopy |date=1981 |publisher=U of Arizona |url=https://search.lib.asu.edu/permalink/01ASU_INST/pio0a/alma991029102099703841}}</ref> ==Research and career== McMillan worked as a postdoctoral fellow at [[Arizona State University]], where he installed one of the first micro-beam [[Raman spectroscopy]] instruments in the US. He used Raman spectroscopy to study high pressure minerals and materials. He was hired to a teaching position at Arizona State University in 1983, and promoted to Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry in 1993.<ref name=":0"/> He was appointed Director of the Center for Solid State Science in 1997 and was named Presidential Professor of the Sciences.<ref name=":0"/> In 2000 he was awarded the Brunauer Cement Award of American Ceramic Society.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brunauer Cements Award |url=https://ceramics.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Brunauer-Recipient-List-2019-1.pdf |website=American Ceramic Society |publisher= |access-date=3 Feb 2022}}</ref> In 2000, McMillan returned to the [[United Kingdom]], where he was made Professor of Solid State Chemistry at [[University College London]], an appointment jointly held with the [[Royal Institution]].<ref name=":0"/> McMillan has also held visiting positions at the Universités of Nantes and Rennes, the [[Ecole Normale Supérieure]] and [[Claude Bernard University Lyon 1|Université Claude Bernard]].{{cn|date=February 2022}} McMillan's research involved the exploration of solid state chemistry under extreme high pressure and high temperature conditions using [[diamond anvil cell]]s.<ref name=Katru>{{Cite book|last=Katrusiak|first=Andrzej|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SAvSBwAAQBAJ|title=High-Pressure Crystallography|last2=McMillan|first2=Paul|date=2004-03-31|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4020-2102-2|language=en}}</ref> New compounds and materials are prepared and studied at up to a million atmospheres and thousands of degrees centigrade using spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UCL|date=2020-09-30|title=Materials for the Future|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/chemistry/research/materials-future|access-date=2022-02-01|website=Chemistry|language=en}}</ref> He studied the properties and structure of liquids, amorphous solids and biological molecules at high pressure.<ref name=Katru/> McMillan has contributed across numerous fields and has published work relating to solid state inorganic/materials chemistry, high pressure-high temperature research,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McMillan |first1=Paul F. |title=New materials from high-pressure experiments |journal=Nature Materials |date=September 2002 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–25 |doi=10.1038/nmat716 |pmid=12618843 |bibcode=2002NatMa...1...19M |s2cid=43121729 |url=https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat716}}</ref> amorphous solids and liquids,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Angell |first1=CA |last2=Ngai |first2=KL |last3=McKenna |first3=GB |last4=McMillan |first4=PF |last5=Martin |first5=SW |title=Relaxation in glassforming liquids and amorphous solids |journal=J. Appl. Phys. |date=2000 |volume=88 |issue=6 |page=3113-3157 |doi=10.1063/1.1286035 |bibcode=2000JAP....88.3113A |url=https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1286035}}</ref> vibrational spectroscopy,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yu |first1=P |last2=Kirkpatrick |first2=RJ |last3=Poe |first3=B |last4=McMillan |first4=PF |last5=Cong |first5=X |title=Structure of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H): Near-, Mid-, and Far-Infrared Spectroscopy |journal=J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. |date=1999 |volume=83 |issue=3 |page=742 |doi=10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01826.x |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01826.x}}</ref> synchrotron X-ray and neutron scattering, mineral physics, graphitic carbonitrides,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jorge |first1=BA |title=H-2 and O-2 Evolution from Water Half-Splitting Reactions by Graphitic Carbon Nitride Materials |journal=J. Phys. Chem. C |date=2013 |volume=117 |issue=14 |page=7178 |doi=10.1021/jp4009338 |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp4009338}}</ref> battery materials and the response of bacteria to high pressures.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Foglia |first1=F |last2=Hazael |first2=R |last3=De Meersman |first3=F |last4=Wilding |first4=MC |last5=Sakai |first5=VG |last6=Rogers |first6=S |last7=Bove |first7=LE |last8=Koza |first8=MM |last9=Moulin |first9=M |last10=Haertlein |first10=M |last11=Forsyth |first11=VT |last12=McMillan |first12=PF |title=In Vivo Water Dynamics in Shewanella oneidensis Bacteria at High Pressure |journal=Scientific Reports |year=2019 |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=8716 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-44704-3 |pmid=31213614|pmc=6581952 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9.8716F }}</ref> == Selected publications == * {{Cite Q|Q56552594}} * {{Cite Q|Q73082944}} * {{Cite Q|Q57567948}} == References == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McMillan, Paul F.}} [[Category:British chemists]] [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:People from Edinburgh]] [[Category:20th-century British chemists]] [[Category:21st-century British chemists]] [[Category:Alumni of University College London]] [[Category:Arizona State University alumni]]'