Examine individual changes

'{{Short description|Admiration and fondness of Russia}} {{For|the 19th–early 20th century Ukrainian cultural faction in Galicia who espoused Ruthenian autonomy|Galician Russophilia}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} {{More citations needed|date=October 2020}} [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|thumb|[[Flag of Russia]]]] [[File:RedSquare SaintBasile (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|[[Saint Basil's Cathedral]] on the [[Red Square]], in Moscow]] '''Russophilia''' (literally love of [[Russia]] or [[Russians]]) is admiration and fondness of Russia (including the era of the [[Soviet Union]] and/or the [[Russian Empire]]), [[History of Russia|Russian history]] and [[Russian culture]]. The [[antonym]] and opposite of Russophilia is [[Anti-Russian sentiment|Russophobia]]. ==Russophilia in Europe== American author Robert Alexander wrote: "I love Russians for their dramatic, emotional nature. They're not afraid to love, not afraid to get hurt, not afraid to exaggerate or act impulsively."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rusoffagency.com/authors/alexander_r/kitchen_boy/kitchen_boy_reading_guide.htm|title=Book Group Guide – Rusoff Agency|website=Rusoffagency.com|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> In October 2004, the [[Gallup Poll|International Gallup Organization]] announced the results of its poll, according to which approximately 20% of the residents of [[Western Europe]] viewed Russia positively, with the most positive view coming from [[Iceland]], [[Germany]], [[Greece]], and [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. The percentage of respondents expressing a positive attitude towards Russia was 9% in [[Finland]], [[Turkey]], and [[Japan]], 38% in [[Lithuania]], 36% in [[Latvia]], and 34% in [[Estonia]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} Estonia and especially Latvia have a large number of ethnic Russians, which likely affected the result. ===Russophilia in Serbia=== {{More citations needed section|date=September 2018}} Russia is hugely popular in [[Serbia]], and [[Serbs]] have always traditionally seen Russia as a close ally due to shared [[Slavs|Slavic]] heritage, culture, and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox faith]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crms.org.rs/zasto-je-putin-toliko-popularan-u-srbiji/|title=Зашто је Путин толико популаран у Србији? – Центар за развој међународне сарадње|website=crms.org.rs|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> Serbia and Montenegro are predominately [[Eastern Orthodox]], the faith expressed by a vast majority of Russians. There was little Soviet influence in the Balkans, so Russians were always seen as friendly brotherly people.{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} According to European Council on Foreign Relations, 54% of Serbians see Russia as an ally. In comparison, 11% see European Union as an ally, and only 6% see United States in the same manner.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ecfr.eu/article/pandemic-trends-serbia-looks-east-ukraine-looks-west//|title=Pandemic trends: Serbia looks east, Ukraine looks west |website=ecfr.eu|date=5 August 2021 |access-date=9 November 2021}}</ref> In both Serbia and Montenegro, there are neighbourhoods, streets, buildings and statues named after something Russian.{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} In Serbia there is the Russian Centre of Science and Culture and a [[Hotel Moskva (Belgrade)|Hotel Moskva]]. <gallery> Image:Ruski centar za kulturu i nauku u Beogradu.JPG|[[Russian Center of Science and Culture (Belgrade)]] Image:Dmitry Medvedev in Serbia 20 October 2009-8.jpg|[[Dmitry Medvedev]] in [[National Assembly of Serbia]] Image:Ruska crkva, Belgrade.jpg|Russian Orthodox Church in [[Tašmajdan park]], Belgrade File:Vladimir Putin in Serbia March 2011-34.jpeg|[[Vladimir Putin]] at Belgrade's [[Red Star Stadium]] in March 2011 File:Vladimir Putin in Serbia March 2011-39.jpeg|Vladimir Putin in front of [[Cathedral of Saint Sava]] </gallery> ===Russophilia in Montenegro=== [[Montenegro]] is also an [[Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Slavic people|Slavic]] country. There is the [[Moscow bridge|Moscow Bridge]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.androidvodic.com/info_podgorica_turisticke-atrakcije_moskovski-most|title=Moscow bridge in Podgorica|website=Androidvodic.com|access-date=17 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305121341/http://www.androidvodic.com/info_podgorica_turisticke-atrakcije_moskovski-most|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> in [[Podgorica]], and a statue of Russian singer and actor [[Vladimir Vysotsky]] next to the bridge. <gallery> File:Dva mosta panorama sm.jpg|[[Moscow bridge|Moscow Bridge]], [[Podgorica]] </gallery> ===Russophilia in Ukraine=== {{Main|Galician Russophilia}} [[File:2016-05-09. День Победы в Донецке 093.jpg|thumb|Pro-Russian separatists in [[Donetsk]], eastern Ukraine]] Following [[Modern history of Ukraine|Ukrainian independence]] in 1991 Ukrainians, mostly in the [[Eastern Ukraine|east]] and [[Southern Ukraine|south]] of the country, voted to a see a more Russophile attitude of the government, ranging from closer economic partnership to full national union.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.census.gov/population/international/files/sp/SP90.pdf|title=Ethnic Reidentification in Ukraine (page 17)|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|first=Stephen|last=Rapawy|year=1997|location=Washington, D.C.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019191328/http://www.census.gov/population/international/files/sp/SP90.pdf|archive-date=19 October 2012|access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref> Russia and Ukraine enjoyed especially close economic ties, while the Russophilic political party, the [[Party of Regions]], became the largest party in the [[Verkhovna Rada]] in [[2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2006]]. It would remain a dominant force in Ukrainian politics, until the 2014 [[2013–2014 Ukrainian revolution|Ukrainian Revolution]]. Following the [[Russo-Ukrainian War|2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine]], the overall attitude of Ukrainians towards Russia and Russians has become much more negative,<ref>[https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2017/10/18/how-ukraine-views-russia-and-the-west/ How Ukraine views Russia and the West], [[Brookings Institution]] (18 October 2017)</ref> with most Ukrainians favoring [[NATO]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-07-10|title=Pledging reforms by 2020, Ukraine seeks route into NATO|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-nato-idUSKBN19V12V|access-date=2021-10-03}}</ref> and [[European Union]]<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Simmons|first1=Katie|last2=Stokes|first2=Bruce|last3=Poushter|first3=Jacob|date=2015-06-10|title=3. Ukrainian Public Opinion: Dissatisfied with Current Conditions, Looking for an End to the Crisis|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2015/06/10/3-ukrainian-public-opinion-dissatisfied-with-current-conditions-looking-for-an-end-to-the-crisis/|access-date=2021-10-03|website=Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project|language=en-US}}</ref> membership. 41% of Ukrainians had a "good" attitude towards Russians (42% negatively),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kiis.com.ua/?lang=ukr&cat=reports&id=1015&page=1|title=Украинцы хуже относятся к РФ, чем россияне в Украине – опрос|language=uk|website=www.kiis.com.ua/|publisher=|date=|accessdate=2021-10-31}}</ref> while in general 54% of Russians had a positive attitude towards Ukraine, according to an October 2021 of the country's population. This has likely changed. As of 2021, there are such Russophile parties in Ukraine as the [[Opposition Platform — For Life]], the [[Opposition Bloc]], [[Our Land (Ukraine)|Our Land]], [[Nashi (political party)|Nashi]] and the [[Party of Shariy]]. ==Notable Russophiles== {{div col}} * {{flagdeco|France}} [[Jacques Chirac]], former president of France<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/jacques-chirac/jacques-chirac-son-tropisme-russe-et-son-ami-boris-eltsine_3633137.html|title=Jacques Chirac, son tropisme russe et son ami Boris Eltsine|work=francetvinfo|date=26 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lecourrierderussie.com/2019/09/jacques-chirac-le-plus-russe-des-presidents-francais/|title=Jacques Chirac, le plus russe des présidents français|work=Le Courrier de Russie|date=26 September 2019}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Italy}} [[Matteo Salvini]], Italian politician and leader of Lega Nord<ref name="Pro-russia">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/britain/farrights-hopes-of-powerful-eu-alliance-dashed-by-farage-38186498.html|title=Far-right's hopes of powerful EU alliance dashed by Farage|work=Independent.ie|date=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/italys-new--and-old--prime-minister-runs-a-whole-new-government-now/2019/09/29/71c50dbe-e14e-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html|title=How Italy's new — and old — prime minister ditched the right wing|quote= In 2018, Conte was prime minister in a government composed of Matteo Salvini's populist, pro-Russian, anti-European Union, anti-immigrant League party and Luigi Di Maio's big-spending Five Star Movement.|newspaper=Washington Post|date=30 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://euobserver.com/eu-election/143864|title= Salvini invokes God and Russia on Poland trip|work=EUobserver|date=10 January 2019}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Montenegro}} [[Duško Vujošević]], Montenegrin basketball coach<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kosarka.hotsport.rs/2016/01/15/rusofil-vujosevic-kacket-menjam-ali-ostajem-isti/|title=RUSOFIL VUJOŠEVIĆ: Kačket menjam, ali ostajem isti! - Košarka, Vesti, The Best Of|first=Stefan|last=Smuđa|date=15 January 2016|access-date=7 September 2019}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Montenegro}} [[Miodrag Božović]], Montenegrin football coach<ref>{{cite web|title=Ja sam rusofil! Rusija je moja druga zemlja!|website=Kurir.rs|url=http://www.kurir.rs/sport/fudbal/misa-grof-prosetao-majicu-sa-likom-putina-ja-sam-rusofil-rusija-je-moja-druga-zemlja-clanak-2052723}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Sumire Uesaka]], Japanese voice actress and singer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yab.yomiuri.co.jp/adv/sophia/english/sophian/sophi_14.html|title=Sophians Talk -Japan and the World (Sumire Uesaka) : SOPHIA ONLINE : YOMIURI ONLINE|website=yab.yomiuri.co.jp|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref> * {{Flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Farage]], British politician, former leader of [[UK Independence Party|UKIP]] (2006-2009 and 2010-2016) and former leader of the [[Reform UK|Brexit Party]] (2019-2021)<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title= Nigel Farage says Ukraine invasion is result of EU and NATO provoking Putin |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/nigel-farage-ukraine-russia-eu-b2022400.html |work=The Independent |access-date= 24 February 2022 }}</ref> * {{Flagdeco|United Kingdom}}[[George Galloway]], British politician, leader of [[Workers Party of Britain]] and former [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/anti-independence-party-led-by-putins-court-clown-george-galloway-collapses-3591189|title=Anti-independence party led by Vladimir 'Putin's court clown' George Galloway collapses|work=The Scotsman|date=1 March 2022}}</ref> * {{Flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Benjamin Rich]], British travel vlogger and [[YouTube]]r<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBco1ICSbHA|title=Talking Russia w/ Bald and Bankrupt|website=NFKRZ w/ Bald and Bankrupt|access-date=9 March 2021}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|East Germany}} [[Egon Krenz]], former [[General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany|General Secretary]] of the [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany|Socialist Unity Party]] of [[East Germany]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Berlin Wall anniversary: The 'worst night of my life' |work=BBC News|date=9 October 2019|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49971599}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Libya|1977}} [[Muammar Gaddafi]], Libyan politician and leader of Libya until 2011<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2016/09/01/russia-and-libya-a-brief-history-of-an-on-again-off-again-friendship/|title=Russia and Libya: A brief history of an on-again-off-again friendship|first=Federica Saini|last=Fasanotti|date=1 September 2016}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Syria}} [[Bashar al-Assad]], Syrian politician and current [[President of Syria]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/10/07/putins-russia-is-wedded-to-bashar-al-assad-syria-moscow/|title=Why Putin Is So Committed to Keeping Assad in Power|first=Colum|last=Lynch}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Greece}} [[Kyriakos Velopoulos]], Greek politician and president of [[Greek Solution]], a [[nationalist]] and Russophile party<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hellasjournal.com/2016/11/erchete-to-neo-rosiko-komma-me-to-onoma-elliniki-lisi-anaferi-to-germaniko-stern/|title=Έρχεται το νέο "ρωσικό κόμμα" με το όνομα "Ελληνική Λύση", αναφέρει το γερμανικό Stern|date=4 November 2016}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|German Empire}} [[Fritz Schmenkel]] – German Communist who deserted to Soviet troops in November 1941 and became a partisan, killed on 22 February 1944 * {{flagdeco|Trinidad and Tobago}} [[Imran N. Hosein]], a proclaimed Muslim scholar. {{div col end}} ==Pro-Russian political parties==<!-- Please respect alphabetical order --> {{div col}} *[[Alba Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/salmonds-alba-party-asks-west-124606174.html|title=Salmond's Alba party asks West to think about 'Russia's security interests' in Ukrainian crisis|website=Yahoo News|access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref> *[[Alliance of Independent Social Democrats]] *[[Party of Regions]] *[[Alliance of Patriots of Georgia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://georgiatoday.ge/news/4985/Pro-Russian-Alliance-of-Patriots-Demand-More-Seats-in-Parliament|title=Pro-Russian Alliance of Patriots Demand More Seats in Parliament|website=Georgia Today on the Web|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> *[[Alternative for Germany]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://intersectionproject.eu/article/russia-europe/whither-alternative-germany|title=Whither the Alternative for Germany?|date=12 October 2017|website=Intersectionproject.eu|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> *[[Bulgarian Socialist Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/26/borisovs-pro-eu-party-beats-socialists-in-bulgarias-snap-election|title=Borisov's pro-EU party beats Socialists in Bulgaria's snap election|first=Agence France-Presse in|last=Sofia|date=26 March 2017|website=the Guardian|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> *[[Attack (political party)|Attack]], Bulgaria *[[Cambodian People's Party]] *[[Communist Party of Cuba]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.plenglish.com/index.php?o=rn&id=55507&SEO=diaz-canel-and-putin-praise-60-years-of-cuba-russia-relations}}</ref> *[[Five Star Movement]]<ref name="ECFR">{{cite web |url=https://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_putins_friends_in_europe7153|title=Putin's friends in Europe |language=en |publisher=European Council on Foreign Relations|date=19 October 2016|access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> *[[Lega Nord|Lega]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilpost.it/2017/03/07/lega-nord-accordo-cooperazione-russia-unita-putin/|title=L'accordo tra la Lega Nord e il partito di Putin|newspaper=[[il Post]]|date=7 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/ecco-laccordo-lega-nord-e-russia-unita-1419611.html|title=Ecco l'accordo tra Lega Nord e Russia Unita|author1=Matteo Carnieletto|author2=Elena Barlozzari|newspaper=[[il Giornale]]|date=13 July 2017}}</ref> *[[FRELIMO]]<ref>[[Insurgency in Cabo Delgado]]</ref> *[[CasaPound|CasaPound Italy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/politica/13280561/casapound-simone-di-stefano-siamo-fascisti-stimiamo-putin-trump-razzismo-immigrazione-euro-.html|title=CasaPound, l'orgoglio di Di Stefano: "Siamo fascisti, ammiro Putin"|newspaper=[[Libero (newspaper)|Libero]]|date=16 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vice.com/it/article/mgqqw8/manifestazione-roma-salvini-fascioleghisti-febbraio-2015-888|title=Ho passato un pomeriggio con la Lega Nord e CasaPound a Roma|author=Leonardo Bianchi|magazine=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|date=2 March 2015}}</ref> *[[National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy]] *[[New Force (Italy)|New Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lettera43.it/forza-nuova-roberto-fiore-e-i-rapporti-con-putin/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105200054/https://www.lettera43.it/forza-nuova-roberto-fiore-e-i-rapporti-con-putin/ |archive-date=5 November 2019 |title=Forza nuova, Roberto Fiore e i rapporti con Putin - Lettera43}}</ref> *[[Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/czech-parties-edge-towards-coalition-deal-after-months-of-stalemate-10435088|title=Czech centre-left party approves joining coalition, new government close|website=Channelnewsasia.com|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> *[[Communist Party of Slovakia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kss.sk/rusko-komunisti-svet|title=Rusko – komunisti - svet|access-date=7 September 2019}}</ref> *[[Communist Party of China]] *[[Estonian Centre Party]] *[[Estonian United Left Party]] *[[Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania – Christian Families Alliance]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Stirring the pot|url=https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21645522-leader-ethnic-polish-party-tries-broaden-his-appeal-reaching-out-ethnic|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=14 April 2017|date=3 March 2015}}</ref> *[[Freedom Party of Austria]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-austria-farright-russia-idUSKBN1481MJ|title=Austrian far right signs deal with Putin's party, touts Trump ties|date=19 December 2016|work=Reuters|access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref> *[[Hezbollah]] *[[Fidesz]]<ref name=":2">{{cite news|last1=Janjevic |first1=Darko |title=Vladimir Putin and Viktor Orban's special relationship |url=https://www.dw.com/en/vladimir-putin-and-viktor-orbans-special-relationship/a-45512712 |access-date=12 October 2019 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |date=13 March 2019}}</ref> *[[Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/526205/naka-preverovala-kotlebu-kvoli-peniazom-z-ruska/|title=NAKA preverovala Kotlebu kvôli peniazom z Ruska|website=Aktuality.sk|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> *[[Labour Party (Lithuania)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunjournal.com/new-pro-russia-party-stumbles-lithuanian-elections/|title=New pro-Russia party stumbles in Lithuanian elections – Lewiston Sun Journal|date=25 October 2004|website=Sunjournal.com|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> *[[Lao People's Revolutionary Party]] *[[Latvian Russian Union]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1= Schulze |first1=Jennie L. |title=Strategic Frames: Europe, Russia, and Minority Inclusion in Estonia and Latvia |publisher= [[University of Pittsburgh Press]] |location= [[Pittsburgh]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-82296-511-4 |quote=In 2014, the party changed its name to the Latvian Russian Union, and adopted a pro-Russia stance by signing a cooperation agreement with the pro-Russia regional party Russian Unity in Crimea in order to “strengthen the unity of the Russian World.”}}</ref> *[[Moderation and Development Party]] (Iran) *[[Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)]] *[[Movement Republic]] *[[MPLA]] (Angola) *[[National Rally (France)|National Rally]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/03/its-putins-world/513848/|title=It's Putin's World|last=Foer|first=Franklin|work=The Atlantic|access-date=9 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Nur Otan]] *[[Parti Communautaire National-Européen]] *[[Patriotic Party (Turkey)|Turkish Patriotic Party]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/dfrlab/letsleavenato-trends-in-turkey-9982acc29fa3|title=#LetsLeaveNATO trends in Turkey|last=@DFRLab|date=23 November 2017|website=Medium|language=en|access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref> *[[Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova|Party of Socialists (Moldova)]]<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30265985 Moldova election: Pro-EU parties edge pro-Russian rivals] [[BBC News]] 1 December 2014</ref> *[[Power Belongs to the People]] *[[Prosperous Justice Party]] *[[Renewal (Transnistria)]] *[[People's Front for Democracy and Justice]] (Eritrea) *[[People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan]] *[[Polish Communist Party (2002)|Polish Communist Party]] *[[Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://regnum.ru/news/polit/1429291.html|title=Прогрессивная социалистическая партия Украины присоединилась к|website=Regnum.ru|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> *[[Prosperous Armenia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav051007b.shtml|title=Archived copy|access-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610134636/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav051007b.shtml|archive-date=10 June 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Sandinista National Liberation Front]] *[[Serbian Progressive Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a450780/SNS-suppported-gathering-planned-for-Putin-visit-to-Serbia.html|title=SNS-suppported gathering planned for Putin visit to Serbia|website=rs.n1info.com|access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> *[[Serbian Radical Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/ultranationalism-and-russia-colour-serbia-s-election-1.2616413?mode=amp|title=Ultranationalism and Russia colour Serbia's election|website=Irishtimes.com|access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> *[[SMER-SD]] *[[Alliance for the Union of Romanians]] *[[Slovak National Party]] *[[Hungarian Workers' Party]] *[[Republican Party of Labour and Justice]] *[[Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tango-noir.com/2018/06/26/belarus-tries-to-follow-in-moscows-steps-and-team-up-with-the-european-far-right/|title=Belarus tries to follow in Moscow's steps and team up with the European far right|date=26 June 2018}}</ref> *[[Social Democratic Party "Harmony"]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45774578|title=Pro-Russia party wins Latvia election|date=8 October 2018|access-date=17 October 2018|website=Bbc.com}}</ref> *[[Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan]] *[[Confederation Liberty and Independence]] *[[Greek Solution]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/240921/article/ekathimerini/news/after-defeat-greek-pm-calls-for-snap-elections|title=After defeat, Greek PM calls for snap elections &#124; Kathimerini|website=www.ekathimerini.com}}</ref> *[[Golden Dawn (Greece)]]<ref name="counterextremism.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.counterextremism.com/threat/national-democratic-party-germany|title=National Democratic Party of Germany|website=Counter Extremism Project}}</ref> *[[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Syrian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party]] *[[Tatmadaw]] *[[United Socialist Party of Venezuela]] *[[United Ossetia]] *[[Communist Party of Vietnam]] *[[Workers Party of Britain]] *[[Workers' Party of Korea]] (until [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|1991]]) (Again in the 21st Century) *[[ZANU–PF]] {{div col end}} '''Historic''' {{div col}} *[[Action for Independence]] *[[Caps (party)|Caps]] *[[Hetmans' Party]] *[[Russian Party]] (Greece) *[[National Congress (Sudan)]] *[[Bulgarian Communist Party]] *[[Romanian Communist Party]] (Until 1965) *[[Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party]] *[[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia]] *[[Polish United Workers' Party]] *[[Mongolian People's Party]] *[[Socialist Unity Party of Germany]] *[[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan]] *[[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] *[[People's Revolutionary Party of Benin]] *[[Congolese Party of Labour]] (Until 1991) *[[Workers' Party of Ethiopia]] *[[Indonesian National Party]] (Until 1965) *[[New Jewel Movement]] *[[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]] (Until 1948) *[[Party of Labour of Albania]] (Until 1961) *[[Burma Socialist Programme Party]] *[[Communist Party of Turkey (historical)]] *[[Communist Party USA]] (until [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|1991]]){{div col end}} ==See also== {{div col}} * [[All-Russian nation]] * [[Eurasian Economic Union]] * [[Eurasianism]] * [[Euroscepticism]] * [[Nostalgia for the Soviet Union]] * [[Putinism]] * [[Russian avos']] * [[Russian nationalism]] * [[Russification]] * [[Slavophilia]] * [[Union State]] {{div col end}} ==References== {{reflist}} *Orest Subtelny. Ukraine. A history. [[University of Toronto Press]]. 1994. {{ISBN|0-8020-0591-8}}. ==External links== {{commons category-inline|Russophiles}} {{Cultural appreciation}} {{Russian nationalism}} [[Category:Russophilia| ]] [[Category:Russian culture]] [[Category:Foreign relations of Russia]] [[Category:Admiration of foreign cultures]]'