Examine individual changes

'{{Short description|American business executive}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Use American English|date=August 2020}} {{Infobox person | name = Gwynne Shotwell | image = Gwynne Shotwell at 2018 Commercial Crew announcement.jpg | caption = Shotwell in August 2018 | birth_name = Gwynne Rowley | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1963|11|23}} | birth_place = [[Evanston, Illinois]], [[U.S.]] | nationality = American | education = | alma_mater = [[Northwestern University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]], [[Master of Science|MS]]) | known_for = [[SpaceX]], [[The Aerospace Corporation]], [[Microcosm Inc]] | title = [[President (corporate title)|President]] and [[chief operating officer]] of SpaceX }} '''Gwynne Shotwell''' ({{née}} '''Rowley'''; born November 23, 1963) is an American businesswoman and engineer. She is the president and [[chief operating officer]] of [[SpaceX]], an American space transportation company, where she is responsible for day-to-day operations and company growth.<ref name="bw20111201">{{cite news |title=Gwynne Shotwell: Executive Profile & Biography |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=39083380&privcapId=7702894&previousCapId=7702894&previousTitle=Space%20Exploration%20Technologies%20Corp |newspaper=Business Week |publisher=Bloomberg |location=New York |date=December 1, 2011 |access-date=December 1, 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/63bzdtgbl?url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=39083380&privcapId=7702894&previousCapId=7702894&previousTitle=Space%20Exploration%20Technologies%20Corp |url-status=live |archive-date=December 1, 2011 }}</ref> {{As of|2020||df=}}, Shotwell is listed as the 49th most powerful woman in the world by ''[[Forbes]]''.<ref name="Forbes14">{{cite news|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/#17f59d7d5e25|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=January 4, 2021|archive-date=December 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225093350/https://www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/#17f59d7d5e25|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, she was included on ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s [[Time 100|list of the 100 most influential people in the world]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Sullivan|first=Kathryn|date=22 September 2020|title=Gwynne Shotwell: The 100 Most Influential People of 2020|url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888439/gwynne-shotwell/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116071313/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888439/gwynne-shotwell/|archive-date=January 16, 2021|access-date=2020-09-23|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> ==Early life== Shotwell was born in [[Evanston, Illinois]], as the middle of three daughters to a brain surgeon and an artist, and was raised in [[Libertyville, Illinois]].<ref name="lat20130607"/> In 1982, she graduated from [[Libertyville High School]].<ref>{{Cite news|first=Vlastimil |last=Švancara |authorlink= |title= SpaceX Superstars: Gwynne Shotwell, President and COO |newspaper=elonx.net|date= September 27, 2017|url=https://www.elonx.net/spacex-superstars-gwynne-shotwell-president-and-coo/ |accessdate=}}</ref> In 1969, she watched a [[television]] broadcast of the [[Apollo 11]] mission with her family, but remembers finding it "boring" and was not interested in space at the time. Shotwell excelled in both academics and athletics in high school, where she was on the cheerleading and Varsity basketball teams while achieving at the top of her class.<ref name="lat20130607" /> Her interests changed during high school after her mother took her to a panel discussion at the [[Illinois Institute of Technology]] by the [[Society of Women Engineers]], where a [[mechanical engineer]] in particular inspired Shotwell to become an engineer.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Berger|first=Eric|title=Liftoff|publisher=[[William Morrow and Company]]|year=2021|isbn=978-0-06-297997-1|pages=99–100}}</ref> Following this, she decided to apply to [[Northwestern University]], where she received a [[Bachelor of Science]] in mechanical engineering, and later a [[Master of Science]] degree in [[applied mathematics]].<ref name="lat20130607">{{cite news|last=Hennigan|first=W. J.|date=June 7, 2013|title=How I Made It: SpaceX exec Gwynne Shotwell|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-himi-spacex-20130609,0,2428179.story|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802032142/https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2013-jun-07-la-fi-himi-spacex-20130609-story.html|archive-date=2019-08-02}}</ref><ref name="liftoff100-102">{{Cite book|last=Berger|first=Eric|title=Liftoff|publisher=[[William Morrow and Company]]|year=2021|isbn=978-0-06-297997-1|pages=100–102}}</ref> ==Career== At the beginning of her career, Shotwell had an interview with [[IBM]] on the day of the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]], which disturbed her and she did not get a job offer. Instead, Shotwell took a job in the [[automotive industry]] at [[Chrysler Corporation]]'s [[management training]] program, which she initially enjoyed<ref name="liftoff100-102"/> but later grew tired of<ref name=lat20130607/> and left to return to Northwestern for her graduate degree.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Strube|first1=Frank|title=It all Started with a Suit: The Story Behind Shotwell's Rise to SpaceX - Via Satellite -|url=http://www.satellitetoday.com/publications/2014/04/21/it-all-started-with-a-suit-the-story-behind-shotwells-rise-to-spacex/|access-date=April 20, 2017|work=Via Satellite|date=April 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302103209/https://www.satellitetoday.com/business/2014/04/21/it-all-started-with-a-suit-the-story-behind-shotwells-rise-to-spacex/ |archive-date=2020-03-02 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1988, Shotwell began work at the [[El Segundo, California|El Segundo]] research center of [[The Aerospace Corporation]], and did technical work on military space [[research and development]] contracts. An early project she worked on was [[STS-39]].<ref name="liftoff100-102"/> During a ten-year tenure, she worked in [[thermal analysis]].<ref name=lat20130607/> Shotwell worked in both space systems engineering and project management positions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Gwynne Shotwell|url=https://www.sspi.org:443/cpages/hof-shotwell|access-date=2021-06-17|website=SSPI|language=en|archive-date=June 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630022133/https://www.sspi.org/cpages/hof-shotwell|url-status=live}}</ref> She left The Aerospace Corporation in 1998 to become director of the space systems division at Microcosm Inc.<ref name=lat20130607/> There, she served on the executive committee and was responsible for [[business development]]. Shotwell left Microcosm in 2002 to join [[SpaceX]], a private, commercial, space exploration company founded by [[Elon Musk]] in the same year.<ref>{{Citation|title=Gwynne Shotwell {{!}} Closing Plenary {{!}} SkollWF 2018|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBoHAChEcfY|language=en|access-date=April 18, 2018|archive-date=November 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119140812/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBoHAChEcfY|url-status=live}}</ref> She convinced Musk that SpaceX should hire a dedicated employee to work on business development full-time during a visit to the company, but had not planned to join the company herself. Shotwell took the job two weeks later.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Berger |first=Eric |title=Liftoff |publisher=[[William Morrow and Company]]|year=2021|isbn=978-0-06-297997-1|pages=95–97}}</ref> Shotwell was promoted to company president following her role in the successful negotiation of the first [[Commercial Resupply Services]] contract with [[NASA]] in December 2008, which was enabled by SpaceX's first successful launch of the [[Falcon 1]] on its fourth attempt earlier in the year.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Berger|first=Eric|title=Liftoff|publisher=[[William Morrow and Company]]|year=2021|isbn=978-0-06-297997-1|pages=217–222}}</ref> She was responsible for leading the effort on building the Falcon Vehicle manifest to over 50 launches, generating $5 billion in revenue. This included a commercial connection to the [[International Space Station]] for resupplying services, where they were able to deliver cargo and supplies to the astronauts.<ref name=":0" /> Shotwell is currently the President and COO of SpaceX, responsible for day-to-day operations and managing all customer and strategic relations to support company growth.<ref name="SpaceX AsiaSat8 press release">{{Citation|title=SpaceX AsiaSat8 Launch Press Kit|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/falcon9/011/presskit.pdf|pages=15|date=August 2014|access-date=June 5, 2020|archive-date=December 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210125207/https://spaceflightnow.com/falcon9/011/presskit.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> She oversaw the first landing of an orbital rocket's first stage on land and on an ocean platform, the first relaunch and landing of a used orbital rocket, the first controlled flyback and recovery of a payload fairing, and the first re-flight of a commercial cargo spacecraft.<ref name=":0" /> SpaceX has a multibillion-dollar contract with NASA to deliver astronauts and science instruments to the International Space Station. On May 30, 2020, SpaceX became the first private company to launch two astronauts to Earth orbit.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Wattles|first=Jackie|date=May 30, 2020|title=SpaceX and NASA launch Crew Dragon in Florida: Live updates|url=https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/spacex-launch-today-may-30/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829112802/https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/spacex-launch-today-may-30/index.html|archive-date=August 29, 2020|access-date=May 31, 2020|website=[[CNN]]|language=en}}</ref> On February 6, 2019, [[Polaris Industries]] announced that Shotwell would join their board of directors on March 1, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gwynne Shotwell Appointed to Polaris Industries Inc. Board of Directors|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190206005692/en/Gwynne-Shotwell-Appointed-Polaris-Industries-Board-Directors|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107232750/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190206005692/en/Gwynne-Shotwell-Appointed-Polaris-Industries-Board-Directors|archive-date=November 7, 2020|access-date=February 9, 2019|website=[[Business Wire]]|date=February 6, 2019|publisher=Polaris Industries}}</ref> Shotwell has served on the California Space Authority Board of Directors and its executive committee after she was elected in 2004. She has served as an officer on the AIAA Space Systems Technical Committee and participates in a variety of [[Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics|STEM]] related programs. She led a committee that raised over $350,000 in scholarships for the Frank J. Redd Student Competition over 6 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WITI - Gwynne Shotwell|url=https://www.witi.com/halloffame/309321/Gwynne-Shotwell-President-SpaceX/|access-date=2021-06-17|website=www.witi.com|archive-date=November 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114112810/https://www.witi.com/halloffame/309321/Gwynne-Shotwell-President-SpaceX/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Public outreach== Shotwell gave a TEDx Talk at TEDxChapmanU in June 2013 on the importance of [[science, technology, engineering, and mathematics]].<ref name=TEDxChampanUGwynneShotwell>{{cite web|title=Engineering America: Gwynne Shotwell at TEDxChapmanU|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THQPNDNulVc|website=Youtube|publisher=TEDx Talks|access-date=January 20, 2015|archive-date=March 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325174415/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THQPNDNulVc|url-status=live}}</ref> She speaks regularly to business audiences<!-- at 07:35 in the source video --> and gave a talk for the "Captains of Industry" series at the Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security in June 2014 on private entrepreneurial accomplishments in advancing spaceflight technology.<ref name=AtlanticCouncil20140604>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYocHwhfFDc |title=Discussion with Gwynne Shotwell, President and COO, SpaceX |publisher=Atlantic Council |first=Gwynne |last=Shotwell |time=22:35–26:20 |date=June 4, 2014 |access-date=June 9, 2014 |quote=''This [reusable launch vehicle technology], all this innovation is being done by SpaceX alone, no one is paying us to do it. The government is very interested in the data we are collecting on this test series. ... This is the kind of thing that entrepreneurial investment and new entrants/innovators can do for an industry: fund their own improvements, both in the quality of their programs and the quality of their hardware, and the speed and cadence of their operations.''}}</ref> At the 2018 [[TED (conference)|TED conference]], Shotwell was interviewed by [[Chris Anderson (entrepreneur)|Chris Anderson]] about the future plans of SpaceX.<ref>{{Citation|last=TED|title=SpaceX's plan to fly you across the globe in 30 minutes {{!}} Gwynne Shotwell|date=May 14, 2018|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dar8P3r7GYA|access-date=May 16, 2018|archive-date=May 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517154049/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dar8P3r7GYA|url-status=live}}</ref> At the [[Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing]] on September 28, 2018, Shotwell's talk was titled "Launching Our Future" and she discussed her vision and advancements for aerospace technology, as well as why diversity and the inclusion of women are necessary to advance as a society.<ref>{{Citation|last=GHC|title=Gwynne Shotwell — Launching Our Future {{!}} Gwynne Shotwell|date=December 17, 2018|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1mp1j0ef8c|access-date=March 24, 2019|archive-date=May 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521102639/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1mp1j0ef8c|url-status=live}}</ref> == Personal life == Shotwell is married to Robert Shotwell, an engineer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. She has two children from her first marriage to Leon Gurevich.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Švancara|first1=Vlastimil|date=27 September 2019|title=Gwynne Shotwell, President and COO|url=https://www.elonx.net/spacex-superstars-gwynne-shotwell-president-and-coo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228043215/https://www.elonx.net/spacex-superstars-gwynne-shotwell-president-and-coo/|archive-date=February 28, 2021|access-date=December 11, 2020|website=ElonX}}</ref> == Honors and awards == * 2012: [[Women in Technology International]] Hall of Fame<ref name=AtlanticCouncil20140604/> * 2017: [[Satellite Executive of the Year]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Holmes|first1=Mark|last2=Hill|first2=Jeffrey|title=2017 Satellite Executive of the Year: Gwynne Shotwell, President and COO, SpaceX|url=http://interactive.satellitetoday.com/via/march-2018/2017-satellite-executive-of-the-year-gwynne-shotwell-president-and-coo-spacex|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502160401/http://interactive.satellitetoday.com/via/march-2018/2017-satellite-executive-of-the-year-gwynne-shotwell-president-and-coo-spacex/|archive-date=May 2, 2021|access-date=March 29, 2018}}</ref> * 2018: [[Forbes]]' America's Top 50 Women In Tech<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gwynne-shotwell/?list=top-tech-women-america |title=Gwynne Shotwell |work=[[Forbes]] |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605010741/https://www.forbes.com/profile/gwynne-shotwell/?list=top-tech-women-america |url-status=live }}</ref> * 2020: Times' 100 most influential people<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Gwynne Shotwell: The 100 Most Influential People of 2020|url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888439/gwynne-shotwell/|access-date=2020-09-23|magazine=Time|archive-date=January 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116071313/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888439/gwynne-shotwell/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2020: Satellite Executive of the Year<ref>{{cite web|url=http://interactive.satellitetoday.com/via/may-2021/a-conversation-with-gwynne-shotwell-2020-satellite-executive-of-the-year/|title=A Conversation With Gwynne Shotwell, 2020 Satellite Executive of the Year|access-date=1 May 2021|archive-date=May 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501100844/http://interactive.satellitetoday.com/via/may-2021/a-conversation-with-gwynne-shotwell-2020-satellite-executive-of-the-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2020: Elected a member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]] in 2020 for bringing affordable, commercially competitive space transportation to NASA and the US National Security Space Launch. == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cT7_iySwP8?t=9000 |title=Gwynne Shotwell comments at Commercial Space Transportation Conference |publisher=Commercial Spaceflight |first=Gwynne |last=Shotwell |time=2:43:15–3:10:05 |date=February 3, 2016 |access-date=February 4, 2016 |quote=(after 2:53:00, and a review of video of several failed attempts to land a booster rocket on a drone ship, and then a successful return of an orbital first stage to a landing pad) It's awesome. You know, I don't think you get that kind of thrill in banking. It's extraordinary.}} {{SpaceX}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shotwell, Gwynne}} [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American aerospace businesspeople]] [[Category:American aerospace engineers]] [[Category:American mechanical engineers]] [[Category:American women business executives]] [[Category:American women engineers]] [[Category:American chief operating officers]] [[Category:Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni]] [[Category:SpaceX people]] [[Category:Time 100]]'