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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Global human population statistics}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
[[Earth]] has a human population of 7.9 billion, with an overall [[population density]] of 50 people per km<sup>2</sup> (130 per sq. mile), excluding [[Antarctica]]. Nearly 60% of the world's population lives in [[Asia]], with more than 2.7 billion in the countries of [[China]] and [[India]] combined. The percentage share of India, China and rest of South Asia in world population have remained on similar levels for the last few thousands years of recorded history.<ref>{{cite web |title=China's Population 1.4 billion 2020 |website=[[ABC News]]|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/china-population-now-14-billion-birthrate-falls-68348982}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India Population 1.38 billion UN Data Estimate |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/india-population/#:~:text=The%20current%20population%20of%20India,of%20the%20total%20world%20population.}}</ref> The world's [[literacy]] rate has increased dramatically in the last 40 years, from 66.7% in 1979 to 86.3% today.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?end=2018&start=2018&view=bar|title=Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> Lower literacy levels are mostly attributable to [[poverty]]{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}. Lower literacy rates are mostly found in [[South Asia]] and [[Sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/262886/illiteracy-rates-by-world-regions/|title=Illiteracy rates by world region 2016|website=Statista|language=en|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> The world's largest ethnic group is [[Han Chinese]], with [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] being the world's most spoken language in terms of native speakers.
The world's population is predominantly urban and suburban,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ritchie |first=Hannah |last2=Roser |first2=Max |date=2018-06-13 |title=Urbanization |url=https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization |journal=Our World in Data}}</ref> and there has been significant migration toward cities and urban centres. The urban population jumped from 29% in 1950 to 55.3% in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?end=2018&start=2018&view=bar|title=Urban population (% of total population) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="cia world">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ CIA.gov World Factbook – World Statistics]</ref> Interpolating from the United Nations prediction that the world will be 51.3 percent urban by 2010, Ron Wimberley, Libby Morris and Gregory Fulkerson estimated 23 May 2007 would have been the first time the urban population outnumbered the rural population in history.<ref>[http://www.gizmag.com/go/7334/ World Population Becomes More Urban That Rural]</ref> [[China]] and [[India]] are the most populous countries,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html |title=Country Comparison :: Population |access-date=28 September 2011 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |year=2008 }}</ref> as the [[birth rate]] has consistently dropped in developed countries and until recently remained high in developing countries. [[Tokyo]] is the [[List of metropolitan areas by population|largest urban conglomeration]] in the world.<ref name="cia world"/><ref name=geohive>{{cite web | url=http://www.geohive.com/earth/cy_notagg.aspx | title=Cities: largest (without surrounding suburban areas) | publisher=Geohive | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205222859/http://www.geohive.com/earth/cy_notagg.aspx | archive-date=5 December 2016 }}</ref>
As of 2017, the [[total fertility rate]] of the world is estimated at 2.43<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?end=2017&start=2017&view=bar|title=Fertility rate, total (births per woman) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> children per woman, which is above the global average for the [[replacement fertility rate]] of approximately 2.33 (as of 2003),<ref name= variation>{{cite journal|title=The surprising global variation in replacement fertility|vauthors=Espenshade TJ, Guzman JC, Westoff CF |year=2003|journal=Population Research and Policy Review | volume=22 |page=575 |doi=10.1023/B:POPU.0000020882.29684.8e |issue=5/6|s2cid=10798893 }}, Introduction and Table 1, p. 580</ref> meaning the world's population is growing. However, world [[population growth]] is unevenly distributed, with the total fertility rate ranging from one of the world's lowest 0.83 in [[Singapore]], to the highest, 6.49 in [[Niger]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html|title=The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> The [[United Nations]] estimated an annual population increase of 1.14% for the year of 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html |title=Census.gov |publisher=Census.gov |date=7 January 2009 |access-date=1 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823141629/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html |archive-date=23 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The current world population growth is approximately 1.09%.<ref name="cia world"/> People under 18 years of age made up over a quarter of the world population (29.3%), and people age 65 and over made up less than one-tenth (7.9%) in 2011.<ref name="cia world" />
<!---There are approximately 3.38 billion females in the World. The number of males is about 3.41 billion. --->
The world population more than tripled during the 20th century from about 1.65 billion in 1900 to 5.97 billion in 1999.<ref name="esa">[http://esa.un.org/unpp World Population Prospects]: The 2008 Revision Population Database {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5EykhvsD5?url=http://esa.un.org/unpp |date=7 April 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm |title=The World at |publisher=Un.org |date=12 October 1999 |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html |title=Population Growth over Human History |publisher=Globalchange.umich.edu |access-date=1 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101452/http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html |archive-date=24 July 2011 }}</ref> It reached the 2 billion mark in 1927, the 3 billion mark in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, and 5 billion in 1987.<ref>[http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0883352.html World Population Milestones]</ref> The overall population of the world is approximately 7.8 billion as of December 2018. Currently, population growth is fastest among low wealth, [[least developed countries]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/factsheets/pid/3856 |title=United Nations Population Fund |publisher=UNFPA |date=13 May 1968 |access-date=6 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822015619/http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/factsheets/pid/3856 |archive-date=22 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The UN projects a world population of 9.15 billion in 2050, which is a 32.69% increase from 2010 (6.89 billion).<ref name="esa" />
== History ==
[[File:Illustration of contemporary and past human populations Our World in Data.png|thumb|Comparison of humans living today with all previous generations]]
Historical migration of human populations begins with the movement of ''[[Homo erectus]]'' out of Africa across [[Eurasia]] about a million years ago. ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' appear to have occupied all of Africa about 300,000 years ago, moved out of Africa 50,000 – 60,000 years ago, and had spread across [[Prehistory of Australia|Australia]], [[History of Asia|Asia]] and [[Paleolithic Europe|Europe]] by 30,000 years BC. [[Models of migration to the New World|Migration to the Americas]] took place 20,000 to 15,000 years ago, and by 2,000 years ago, most of the [[Pacific Islands]] were colonized.
Until c. 10,000 years ago, humans lived as [[hunter-gatherer]]s. They generally lived in small nomadic groups known as [[band societies]]. The advent of agriculture prompted the [[Neolithic Revolution]], when access to food surplus led to the formation of permanent [[human settlement]]s. About 6,000 years ago, the first proto-states developed in [[Mesopotamia]], [[Egypt]]'s [[Nile Valley]] and the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley]]. Early human settlements were dependent on proximity to [[water resources|water]] and, depending on the [[lifestyle (sociology)|lifestyle]], other [[natural resources]] used for [[subsistence economy|subsistence]]. But humans have a great capacity for altering their [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]] by means of technology.
Since 1800, the [[human population]] has increased from one billion<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/411162.stm | access-date = 5 February 2008 | work=BBC News | title=World's population reaches six billion | date=5 August 1999}}</ref> to over seven billion,<ref name=7billpop>{{cite web|title=UN population estimates.|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/p2k0data.asp|work=Population Division, United Nations|access-date=4 July 2013}}</ref> In 2004, some 2.5 billion out of 6.3 billion people (39.7%) lived in [[urban area]]s. In February 2008, the U.N. estimated that half the world's population would live in [[urban area]]s by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4561183.stm | work=BBC News | first=David | last=Whitehouse | title=Half of humanity set to go urban | date=19 May 2005}}</ref> Problems for humans living in [[city|cities]] include various forms of pollution and [[crime]],<ref><!-- {{cite web|url=http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/usrv98.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825142912/http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/usrv98.htm |archive-date=25 August 2009 }} -->[http://www.webcitation.org/6ILFPzOQQ?url=http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/usrv98.pdf] Urban, Suburban, and Rural Victimization, 1993–98] U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics,. Accessed 29 October 2006</ref> especially in inner city and suburban [[slum]]s. Both overall population numbers and the proportion residing in cities are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades.<ref name=UN-pop-all>{{cite web|title=World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision|url=http://esa.un.org/unup/CD-ROM/Urban-Rural-Population.htm|work=Population Division, United Nations|access-date=4 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709002731/http://esa.un.org/unup/CD-ROM/Urban-Rural-Population.htm|archive-date=9 July 2013}}</ref>
===World Population, AD 1–1998 (in thousands)===
Source: Maddison and others. (University of Groningen).<ref name="ggdc.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/other_books/appendix_B.pdf|title=Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820|author=Maddison|website=[[University of Groningen]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |1
! scope="col" |1000
! scope="col" |1500
! scope="col" |1600
! scope="col" |1700
! scope="col" |1820
! scope="col" |1870
! scope="col" |1913
! scope="col" |1950
! scope="col" |1973
! scope="col" |1998
|-
|Western Europe
|24 700
|25 413
|57 268
|73 778
|81 460
|132 888
|187 532
|261 007
|305 060
|358 390
|388 399
|-
|Eastern Europe<br />(excluding USSR countries)
|4 750
|6 500
|13 500
|16 950
|18 800
|36 415
|52 182
|79 604
|87 289
|110 490
|121 006
|-
|Former USSR
|3 900
|7 100
|16 950
|20 700
|26 550
|54 765
|88 672
|156 192
|180 050
|249 748
|290 866
|-
|'''Total Europe<br />(including USSR countries)'''
|'''33 350'''
|'''39 013'''
|'''87 718'''
|'''111 428'''
|'''126 810'''
|'''224 068'''
|'''328 386'''
|'''496 803'''
|'''572 399'''
|'''718 628'''
|'''800 271'''
|-
|United States<ref>{{cite web |url=http://populstat.info/Americas/usac.htm |title=Archived copy |website=populstat.info |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723080909/http://populstat.info/Americas/usac.htm |archive-date=23 July 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|680
|1 300
|2 000
|1 500
|1 000
|9 981
|40 241
|97 606
|152 271
|212 909
|279 040
|-
|Other Western Offshoots
|490
|660
|800
|800
|750
|1 249
|5 892
|13 795
|23 823
|39 036
|52 859
|-
|'''Total Western Offshoots'''
|'''1 170'''
|'''1 960'''
|'''2 800'''
|'''2 300'''
|'''1 750'''
|'''11 230'''
|'''46 133'''
|'''111 401'''
|'''176 094'''
|'''250 945'''
|'''323 420'''
|-
|Mexico
|2 200
|4 500
|7 500
|2 500
|4 500
|6 587
|9 219
|14 970
|28 485
|57 643
|98 553
|-
|Other Latin America
|3 400
|6 900
|10 000
|6 100
|7 550
|14 633
|30 754
|65 545
|137 352
|250 807
|409 070
|-
|'''Total Latin America'''
|'''5 600'''
|'''11 400'''
|'''17 500'''
|'''8 600'''
|'''12 050'''
|'''21 220'''
|'''39 973'''
|'''80 515'''
|'''165 837'''
|'''308 450'''
|'''507 623'''
|-
|'''Japan'''
|'''3 000'''
|'''7 500'''
|'''15 400'''
|'''18 500'''
|'''27 000'''
|'''31 000'''
|'''34 437'''
|'''51 672'''
|'''83 563'''
|'''108 660'''
|'''126 469'''
|-
|China
|59 600
|59 000
|103 000
|160 000
|138 000
|381 000
|358 000
|437 140
|546 815
|881 940
|1 242 700
|-
|India
|75 000
|77 000
|113 000
|145 000
|201 000
|209 000
|239 000
|319 000
|362 000
|549 000
|1 029 000
|-
|Other Asia
|36 600
|41 400
|55 400
|65 000
|71 800
|89 366
|119 619
|185 092
|392 481
|677 214
|1 172 243
|-
|'''Total Asia (excluding Japan)'''
|'''171 200'''
|'''175 400'''
|'''268 400'''
|'''360 000'''
|'''374 800'''
|'''679 366'''
|'''730 619'''
|'''925 932'''
|'''1 298 296'''
|'''2 139 154'''
|'''3 389 943'''
|-
|'''Africa'''
|'''16 500'''
|'''33 000'''
|'''46 000'''
|'''55 000'''
|'''61 000'''
|'''74 208'''
|'''90 466'''
|'''124 697'''
|'''228 342'''
|'''387 645'''
|'''759 954'''
|-
|'''World (thousands)'''
|'''230,820'''
|'''268,273'''
|'''437,818'''
|'''555,828'''
|'''603,410'''
|'''1,041,092'''
|'''1,270,014'''
|'''1,791,020'''
|'''2,524,531'''
|'''3,913,482'''
|'''5,907,680'''
|}
=== Shares of world population, AD 1–1998 (% of world total)===
Source: Maddison and others. (University of Groningen).<ref name="ggdc.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/other_books/appendix_B.pdf|title=Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820|author=Maddison|website=[[University of Groningen]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |1
! scope="col" |1000
! scope="col" |1500
! scope="col" |1600
! scope="col" |1700
! scope="col" |1820
! scope="col" |1870
! scope="col" |1913
! scope="col" |1950
! scope="col" |1973
! scope="col" |1998
|-
|Western Europe
|10.7
|9.5
|13.1
|13.3
|13.5
|12.8
|14.8
|14.6
|12.1
|9.2
|6.6
|-
|Eastern Europe<br />(excluding USSR countries)
|2.1
|2.4
|3.1
|3.0
|3.1
|3.5
|4.1
|4.4
|3.5
|2.8
|2.0
|-
|Former USSR
|1.7
|2.6
|3.9
|3.7
|4.4
|5.3
|7.0
|8.7
|7.1
|6.4
|4.9
|-
|'''Total Europe<br />(including USSR countries)'''
|'''14.5'''
|'''14.5'''
|'''20.1'''
|'''20.0'''
|'''21.0'''
|'''21.6'''
|'''25.9'''
|'''27.7'''
|'''22.7'''
|'''18.4'''
|'''13.5'''
|-
|United States
|0.3
|0.5
|0.5
|0.3
|0.2
|1.0
|3.2
|5.4
|6.0
|5.4
|4.6
|-
|Other Western Offshoots
|0.2
|0.2
|0.2
|0.1
|0.1
|0.1
|0.5
|0.8
|0.9
|1.0
|0.9
|-
|'''Total Western Offshoots '''
|'''0.5 '''
|'''0.7 '''
|'''0.6 '''
|'''0.4 '''
|'''0.3'''
|'''1.1 '''
|'''3.6 '''
|'''6.2 '''
|'''7.0 '''
|'''6.4 '''
|'''5.5'''
|-
|Mexico
|1.0
|1.7
|1.7
|0.4
|0.7
|0.6
|0.7
|0.8
|1.1
|1.5
|1.7
|-
|Other Latin America
|1.5
|2.6
|2.3
|1.1
|1.3
|1.4
|2.4
|3.7
|5.4
|6.4
|6.9
|-
|'''Total Latin America'''
|'''2.4 '''
|'''4.2 '''
|'''4.0 '''
|'''1.5 '''
|'''2.0 '''
|'''2.0 '''
|'''3.1 '''
|'''4.5 '''
|'''6.6'''
|''' 7.9'''
|'''8.6'''
|-
|'''Japan '''
|'''1.3 '''
|'''2.8 '''
|'''3.5 '''
|'''3.3 '''
|'''4.5 '''
|'''3.0 '''
|'''2.7 '''
|'''2.9 '''
|'''3.3 '''
|'''2.8 '''
|'''2.1'''
|-
|China
|25.8
|22.0
|23.5
|28.8
|22.9
|36.6
|28.2
|24.4
|21.7
|22.5
|21.0
|-
|India
|32.5
|28.0
|25.1
|24.3
|27.3
|20.1
|19.9
|17.0
|14.2
|14.8
|16.5
|-
|Other Asia
|15.9
|15.4
|12.7
|11.7
|11.9
|8.6
|9.4
|10.3
|15.5
|17.3
|19.8
|-
|'''Total Asia (excluding Japan) '''
|'''74.2'''
|''' 65.4'''
| '''61.3 '''
|'''64.8 '''
|'''62.1 '''
|'''65.3 '''
|'''57.5 '''
|'''51.7 '''
|'''51.4 '''
|'''54.7 '''
|'''57.4'''
|-
|'''Africa'''
|''' 7.1 '''
|'''12.3 '''
|'''10.5 '''
|'''9.9 '''
|'''10.1 '''
|'''7.1 '''
|'''7.1 '''
|'''7.0 '''
|'''9.0 '''
|'''9.9'''
|'''12.9'''
|-
|'''World '''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0'''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0'''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0'''
|}
== 2021 population distribution ==
{{Main|World population}}
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Population distribution (2021)
| other =
| label1 = Asia
| value1 = 59.5
| color1 = red
| label2 = Africa
| value2 = 17.4
| color2 = orange
| label3 = Europe
| value3 = 9.5
| color3 = green
| label4 = North America
| value4 = 7.5
| color4 = blue
| label5 = South America
| value5 = 5.6
| color5 = purple
| label6 = Oceania
| value6 = 0.6
| color6 = yellow
| label7 = Antarctica
| value7 = 0.0
| color7 = white
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Region (2021)!! Number !! Percentage<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents|title=Population: World|website=worldometers.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antarctica/|title=Explore All Countries-Antarctica|website=www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook|date=15 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| Asia || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">4,690,000,000</div> || 59.5%
|-
| Africa || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">1,370,000,000</div> || 17.4%
|-
| Europe || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">748,800,000</div> || 9.5%
|-
| North America || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">592,300,000</div> || 7.5%
|-
| South America || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">438,000,000</div> || 5.6%
|-
| Oceania || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">43,500,000</div> || 0.6%
|-
| Antarctica || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">0 (1,106 estimated non-permanent research personnel)</div> || 0.0%
|- style="background:#ccc;"
| '''Total''' ||<div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;"> ''' 7,882,600,000'''</div> || '''100.0%'''
|}
== 2019 population distribution ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Region (2019)!! Number !! Percentage<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents|title=Population: World|website=worldometers.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antarctica/|title=Explore All Countries-Antarctica|website=www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook|date=15 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| Asia || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">4,607,523,595</div> || 59.8%
|-
| Africa || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">1,313,074,183</div> || 16.7%
|-
| Europe || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">747,253,261</div> || 9.8%
|-
| North America || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">565,620,340</div> || 7.2%
|-
| South America || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">427,751,538</div> || 5.5%
|-
| Oceania || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">42,213,121</div> || 0.5%
|-
| Antarctica || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">0 (1,106 estimated non-permanent research personnel)</div> || 0.0%
|- style="background:#ccc;"
| '''Total''' ||<div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;"> ''' 7,792,204,108'''</div> || '''100.0%'''
|}
==Major cities across six continents==
The world has hundreds of major cities, mostly in coastal regions.
{{As of|2005}}, the world had 62 metropolitan areas with a population of over 3,000,000 people each.<ref>{{cite web|website=Mongabay.com|url=http://www.mongabay.com/igapo/2005_world_city_populations/2005_city_population_01.html|title=2005 World City Populations}}</ref>
As of 2010, about 3 billion people live in or around urban areas.<ref name="cia world" />
The following table shows the populations of the top ten conglomerations.
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#ececec; text-align:center;"
!| Rank
!| City
!|Population
!| Country
!| Statistical concept<ref>{{cite web | title=World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision Population Database | url=http://esa.un.org/wup2009/wup/source/country.aspx | publisher=United Nations | access-date=11 September 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927055752/http://esa.un.org/wup2009/wup/source/country.aspx | archive-date=27 September 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
!| Area (km<sup>2</sup>){{efn|1=The area figures are taken from individual national censuses according to the criteria and statistical concepts noted in the World Urbanization Prospects.}}
!| Density (p/km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
|1||[[Greater Tokyo Area|Tokyo]]||align=right|30,000,000||{{JPN}}||Metropolitan area{{efn|1=As defined by the Statistics Bureau of Japan; refers to Kanto major metropolitan area (M.M.A.)}}||13,500||2,716
|-
|2||[[Shanghai]]||align=right|24,180,000||{{CHN}}||Urban agglomeration{{efn|1=The population of the city is composed of population in all City Districts meeting the criteria such as "contiguous built-up area", being the location of the local government, being a Street or Having a Resident Committee.}}||3,920||6,168
|-
|3||[[Mexico City]]|| style="text-align:right;"|22,460,000||{{MEX}}||Metropolitan area (zona metropolitana)||7,815||2,490
|-
|4||[[Delhi]]|| style="text-align:right;"|22,157,000||{{IND}}||Urban agglomeration{{efn|1=Based on a definition of urban agglomeration that is not restricted to state boundaries.}}||33,578||659
|-
|5||[[Lagos]]|| style="text-align:right;"|21,000,000||{{NGA}}||Metropolitan area||1,171||17,933
|-
|6||[[New York metropolitan area|New York]]|| style="text-align:right;"|20,153,634||{{USA}}||Metropolitan Statistics Area||21,483<ref name="US UA 2000">[https://censusreporter.org/profiles/31000US35620-new-york-newark-jersey-city-ny-nj-pa-metro-area/ Censusreporter.org]. Retrieved 26 June 2018.</ref>||938
|-
|7||[[Mumbai]]|| style="text-align:right;"|20,041,000||{{IND}}||Urban agglomeration||1,097{{efn|1=The Greater Mumbai urban agglomeration is defined by the municipal corporations of Greater Mumbai, Kalyan-Dombivali, Navi Mumbai, Thane and Ulhasnagar, plus the municipal councils of Ambarnath, Badlapur and Mira-Bhayandar. Not to be confused with the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, which includes some additional urban and rural units.}}||18,268
|-
|8||[[Kolkata]] ||align=right|15,552,000||{{IND}}||Urban agglomeration||1,026<ref name="DCO WB Kolkata">[http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/FrameTable4_17.htm Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal; Kolkata District]. Retrieved 3 July 2008.</ref>||15,158
|-
|9||[[Dhaka]] ||align=right|14,648,000||{{BGD}}||Metropolitan area (megacity)||1,600||9,155
|-
|10||[[Istanbul]]||align=right|13,160,467||{{TUR}}||Metropolitan Municipality||5,461||2,593
|}
== Population density ==
{{See also|List of countries and dependencies by population density}}
[[File:Population density of countries 2018 world map, people per sq km.svg|upright=1.25|thumb|Population density (people per km<sup>2</sup>) by country, 2018]]
The [[world's population]] is 7 billion<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html |title=U.S. & World Population Clocks |access-date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223002408/http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html |archive-date=23 February 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Earth]]'s total surface area (including land and water) is {{convert|510 |e6km2 |e6sqmi |0|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 January 2010 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ |title=Geography / People |publisher=CIA |work=The World Factbook }}</ref> Therefore, the worldwide human population density is 7 billion ÷ {{convert|510 |e6km2 |e6sqmi |0|abbr=unit}} = {{cvt|13.7 |/km2 |/sqmi |disp=preunit |people}}. If only the Earth's land area of {{convert|150 |e6km2 |e6sqmi |0|abbr=unit}} is taken into account, then human population density increases to {{cvt|46.7 |/km2 |/sqmi |disp=preunit |people}}. This calculation includes all continental and island land area, including [[Antarctica]]. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to {{cvt|50 |/km2 |/sqmi |disp=preunit |people}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population Density |author=Matt Rosenberg |date=22 July 2016 |url=http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/popdensity.htm |website=About.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201132604/http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/popdensity.htm |archive-date=1 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/population-density-overview-1435467 |title=Population Density Information and Statistics |author=Matt Rosenberg |date=2 January 2019 |website=ThoughtCo |access-date=30 April 2019}}</ref> Considering that over half of the Earth's land mass consists of areas inhospitable to human inhabitation, such as deserts and high mountains, and that population tends to cluster around seaports and fresh water sources, this number by itself does not give any meaningful measurement of human population density.
Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are [[city-states]], [[microstates]] or [[Dependent territory|dependencies]].<ref name=unpop>{{cite journal | url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1| version=2008 revision | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division | year=2009 | access-date= 12 March 2009}}</ref><ref>The Monaco government uses a smaller surface area figure resulting in a population density of 18,078 per km<sup>2</sup></ref> These territories share a relatively small area and a high [[urbanization]] level, with an economically specialized [[city]] population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and [[Human overpopulation|overpopulation]].
== Religion ==
{{Further|List of religious populations}}
[[File:Prevailing world religions map.png|thumb|upright=1.25|Major denominations and religions of the world]]
The table below lists religions classified by philosophy; however, religious philosophy is not always the determining factor in local practice. Please note that this table includes heterodox movements as adherents to their larger philosophical category, although this may be disputed by others within that category. For example, [[Caodaism|Cao Đài]] is listed because it claims to be a separate category from Buddhism, while [[Hòa Hảo]] is not, even though they are similar [[new religious movement]]s.
The population numbers below are computed by a combination of census reports, random surveys (in countries where religion data is not collected in census, for example United States or France), and self-reported attendance numbers, but results can vary widely depending on the way questions are phrased, the definitions of religion used and the bias of the agencies or organizations conducting the survey. Informal or unorganized religions are especially difficult to count. Some organizations may wildly inflate their numbers.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Global religious affiliation
|-
! Religious category !! colspan="2" | Number of followers <br /> (in millions) !! Cultural tradition !!class="unsortable"| Main regions covered
|-
| '''[[Christianity]]''' ||align=right|2,300–2,400 || <ref>[http://worldchristiandatabase.org/wcd/ World Christian Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304152957/http://worldchristiandatabase.org/wcd/ |date=4 March 2007 }} [[Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary]] Centre for the Study of Global Christianity</ref>|| [[Abrahamic religions]] || Predominant in the [[Western world]] (Western Europe, the Americas, Oceania), Eastern Europe, Russia, [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], the [[Philippines]], and [[East Timor]] in Southeast Asia. Minorities worldwide, see [[Christianity by country]].<ref name="Pew">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/number/all/|title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=2 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Islam]]''' ||align=right|1,600–1,800 || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.religionfacts.com/big_religion_chart.htm|title=The Big Religion Comparison Chart: Compare World Religions|publisher=ReligionFacts|access-date=2 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414025804/http://www.religionfacts.com/big_religion_chart.htm|archive-date=14 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Kettani, H. (2014). The World Muslim Population, History & Prospect. Singapore: Research Publishing Service</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pewforum.org/docs/?DocID=450 |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population |access-date=8 October 2009 |date=7 October 2009 }}</ref> || [[Abrahamic religions]] || West Asia, Northern Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, Western Africa, Maritime Southeast Asia with large population centers existing in Eastern Africa, [[Balkans|Balkan Peninsula]], Russia and China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pewresearch.org/assets/pewforum-muslim-project/weighted-map.htm|title=World distribution of muslim population|date=October 2009|access-date=26 December 2009|publisher=Pew Centre|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091228041834/http://pewresearch.org/assets/pewforum-muslim-project/weighted-map.htm|archive-date=28 December 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Hinduism]]'''|| align="right" | 1,110-1,200 ||<ref>Clarke, Peter B. (editor), The Religions of the World: Understanding the Living Faiths, Marshall Editions Limited: USA (1993); pg. 125</ref>||[[Indian religions]]||[[South Asia]], [[Bali]], [[Mauritius]], [[Fiji]], [[Guyana]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Suriname]], and among the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|overseas Indian]] communities.
|-
| '''[[Irreligion|No religion]]''' ||align=right| 1,100 || <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20000816004118/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents], [https://web.archive.org/web/19990422162501/http://www.adherents.com/ adherents.com]. {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mqurhEL9?url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |date=17 January 2010 }}</ref> || [[Secularism|Secularism, half of those are theistic (but do not fit in with the major religions)]] || Predominant in the [[Western world]], East Asia. Minorities worldwide, see [[list of countries by irreligion]].
|-
| '''[[Buddhism]]''' ||align=right| 400–600 || <ref name="ciawf">"[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ World]". ''[[CIA World Factbook]]'', 2010 [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/]</ref><ref>Fischer-Schreiber, Ingrid, et al. ''The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy & Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen''. Shambhala: Boston (English: pub. 1994; orig. German: 1986); pg. 50.</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=23 March 2008|title=Tây Tạng một cái nhìn toàn cục|language=vi|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/forum/story/2008/03/080323_tibet_analysis.shtml|publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> ||[[Indian Religions]]|| South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and some regions of Russia.
|-
| '''[[Folk religion]]s''' ||align=right| 600–3,000 || {{efn|name=varies}} || [[Folk religion]]s || Africa, Asia, Americas
|-
| '''[[Chinese folk religion]]s'''<br />(including [[Taoism]] and [[Confucianism]]) ||align=right| 400–1,000 || <ref>[http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=468&Itemid=206 Asia Sentinel – How Now Tao?]</ref>{{efn|name=varies|1=The number of people who consider themselves party to a "folk tradition" is impossible to determine.}} || [[Religion in China|Chinese Religions]] || East Asia, [[Vietnam]], [[Singapore]] and [[Malaysia]].
|-
| '''[[Shinto]]''' ||align=right| 27–65 || <ref>[http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/chapter_11.pdf Japanese government] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325031920/http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/chapter_11.pdf |date=25 March 2009 }}</ref> || [[Religion in Japan|Japanese Religions]] || Japan
|-
| '''[[Sikhism]]''' ||align=right| 24–30 || <ref>Indian Registrar General & Census Commissioner. "[http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx Religious Composition]". ''[[Census of India]]'', 2001</ref><ref name="ciawf"/> || Indian religions || Indian subcontinent, Australasia, Northern America, Southeast Asia, the United Kingdom and Western Europe.
|-
| '''[[Judaism]]''' ||align=right| 14–18 || <ref name="ciawf"/> || [[Abrahamic religions]] || [[Israel]] and the worldwide [[Jewish diaspora]] (mostly North America, South America, Europe, Ethiopia, and Asia).
|-
| '''[[Jainism]]''' ||align=right| 8–12 || {{efn|1=Figures for the population of Jains differ from just over six million to twelve million due to difficulties of Jain identity, with Jains in some areas counted as a Hindu sect. Many Jains do not return Jainism as their religion on census forms for various reasons such as certain Jain castes considering themselves both Hindu and Jain. Following a major advertising campaign urging Jains to register as such, the 1981 Census of India returned 3.19 million Jains. This was estimated at the time to still be half the true number. The 2001 Census of India had 8.4 million Jains.}} || Indian religions || India, and East Africa.
|-
| '''[[Baháʼí Faith]]''' ||align=right| 7.3–7.9 || <ref name="ARDAWorld2010">{{cite web |title=QuickLists: World Religions (2010) |work=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]] |year=2010 |url=https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_125.asp |access-date=22 October 2020 |quote=Baha'is (sic) 7,305,110}}</ref> || [[Abrahamic religions]]{{efn|1=Historically, the Baháʼí Faith arose in 19th century Persia, in the context of [[Shia Islam]], and thus may be classed on this basis as a divergent strand of Islam, placing it in the Abrahamic tradition. However, the Baháʼí Faith considers itself an independent religious tradition, which draws from Islam but also other traditions. The Baháʼí Faith may also be classed as a [[new religious movement]], due to its comparatively recent origin, or may be considered sufficiently old and established for such classification to not be applicable.}} || Noted for being dispersed worldwide<ref name="britannica_stats">{{cite book |chapter=Worldwide Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-2002 |title = Encyclopædia Britannica |author= Encyclopædia Britannica | publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica |year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-85229-555-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first = Denis | last = MacEoin |chapter = Baha'i Faith |editor=Hinnells, John R. |title=The New Penguin Handbook of Living Religions: Second Edition|publisher=[[Penguin books|Penguin]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-14-051480-3}}</ref> but the top ten populations (amounting to about 65%<!--- ARDA 2010: 4.726 million of 7.305 million total ---> of the world's Baháʼí Faith adherents) are (in order of size of community) India, United States, [[Kenya]], [[Vietnam]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DR of the Congo]], [[Philippines]], [[Iran]], [[Zambia]], South Africa, [[Bolivia]]<ref name="ARDA2010">{{cite web |title=QuickLists: Most Baha'i (sic) Nations (2010) |work=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]] |year=2010 |url=https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp |access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Caodaism|Cao Đài]]''' ||align=right| 1–3 || <ref>Sergei Blagov. "[http://lecaodaisme.free.fr/caodainet/English/Htm/Caodai_inVN_SB.htm Caodaism in Vietnam : Religion vs Restrictions and Persecution] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009035436/http://lecaodaisme.free.fr/caodainet/English/Htm/Caodai_inVN_SB.htm|date=2011-10-09}}". IARF World Congress, Vancouver, Canada, 31 July 1999.</ref>||[[Religion in Vietnam|Vietnamese Religions]] || [[Vietnam]].
|-
| '''[[Cheondoism]]''' ||align=right| 3 || <ref>Self-reported figures from 1999; North Korea only (South Korean followers are minimal according to self-reported figures). In ''The A to Z of New Religious Movements'' by George D. Chryssides. {{ISBN|978-0-8108-5588-5}}</ref> || [[Religion in Korea|Korean religions]] || [[North Korea]] and [[South Korea]]
|-
| '''[[Tenrikyo]]''' ||align=right| 2 || <ref name="shukyo"/> || [[Religion in Japan|Japanese religions]] || Japan, [[Brazil]].
|-
| '''[[Wicca]]''' ||align=right| 1 ||<ref>Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa (Detroit: Thompson Gale, 2004) p. 82</ref> || [[New religious movement]]s || United States, Australia, Europe, Canada.
|-
| '''[[Church of World Messianity]]''' ||align=right| 1 || <ref>Clarke, Peter B. (editor), ''The Religions of the World: Understanding the Living Faiths'', Marshall Editions Limited: USA (1993); pg. 208. "Sekai Kyuseikyo has about one million members, a growing number of them in the west and the third world, especially Brazil and Thailand. "</ref> || [[Religion in Japan|Japanese Religions]] || Japan, Brazil
|-
| '''[[Seicho-no-Ie]]''' ||align=right| 0.8 || <ref name="shukyo">Self-reported figures printed in [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology|Japanese Ministry of Education]]'s 宗教年間 ''Shuukyou Nenkan'', 2003</ref> || [[Religion in Japan|Japanese religions]] || Japan, Brazil.
|-
| '''[[Rastafari movement]]''' ||align=right| 0.7 || <ref>Leonard E. Barrett. ''The Rastafarians: Sounds of Cultural Dissonance''. Beacon Press, 1988. p. viii.</ref> || [[New religious movement]]s, [[Abrahamic religions]] || [[Jamaica]], Caribbean, Africa.
|-
| '''[[Unitarian Universalism]]''' ||align=right| 0.63 || <ref>[http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm American Religious Identification Survey] {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5xz5wR2qx?url=http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm |date=16 April 2011 }}</ref> || [[New religious movement]]s || United States, Canada, Europe.
|}
Since the late 19th century, the demographics of religion have changed a great deal. Some [[Western civilization|countries with a historically large Christian population]] have experienced a significant decline in the numbers of professed active Christians: see [[demographics of atheism]]. Symptoms of the decline in active participation in Christian religious life include declining recruitment for the [[priest]]hood and [[monastery|monastic life]], as well as diminishing [[Church attendance|attendance at church]]. On the other hand, since the 19th century, large areas of [[sub-Saharan Africa]] have been converted to Christianity, and this area of the world has the highest population growth rate. In the realm of [[Western civilization]], there has been an increase in the number of people who identify themselves as [[secular humanism|secular humanists]]. Despite the decline, [[Christianity]] remains the dominant religion in the [[Western World|Western world]], where 70% of the population is Christian.<ref name="Global Christianity">{{cite web|author=Analysis |url=http://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-exec.aspx |title=Global Christianity |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=19 December 2011 |access-date=17 August 2012}}</ref> In many countries, such as the People's Republic of China, communist governments have discouraged religion, making it difficult to count the actual number of believers. However, after the collapse of communism in numerous countries of Eastern Europe and the former [[Soviet Union]], religious life has been experiencing resurgence there, in the form of traditional [[Eastern Christianity]].<ref name="Pew Research Center1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2018/10/29/eastern-and-western-europeans-differ-on-importance-of-religion-views-of-minorities-and-key-social-issues/|title=Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues|work=Pew Research Center|date=October 29, 2018}}</ref> While, Islam however has gained considerably in the Soviet Unions former republics in [[Central Asia]].
Following is some available data based on the work of the ''[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]'':<ref>The results have been studied and found "highly correlated with other sources of data", but "consistently gave a higher estimate for percent Christian in comparison to other cross-national data sets." {{cite journal | last1 = Hsu | first1 = Becky | last2 = Reynolds | first2 = Amy | last3 = Hackett | first3 = Conrad | last4 = Gibbon | first4 = James | title = Estimating the Religious Composition of All Nations | journal = Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion | volume = 47 | issue = 4 | pages = 678–693 | date = 9 July 2008 | url = http://www.princeton.edu/~bhsu/Hsu2008.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100326175049/http://www.princeton.edu/~bhsu/Hsu2008.pdf |archive-date = 26 March 2010|url-status=dead | doi= 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2008.00435.x }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Trends in annual growth of adherence
!1970–1985<ref name="whoare">{{cite news | last = International Community | first = Baháʼí | author-link = Baháʼí International Community | title = How many Baháʼís are there? | magazine = The Baháʼís | page = 14 | year = 1992 | url = http://www.bahai.com/thebahais/pg14.htm }}</ref>
!1990–2000<ref name="worldchristianencyclopedia">{{cite book | url = http://www.bible.ca/global-religion-statistics-world-christian-encyclopedia.htm | first = David A. |last = Barrett | year = 2001 | title = World Christian Encyclopedia | page = 4 | isbn = 978-0-19-507963-0| archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5xz7V0tX7?url=http://www.bible.ca/global-religion-statistics-world-christian-encyclopedia.htm | archive-date = 16 April 2011| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Global adherents of the World's 19 distinct major religions| year = 2001 |publisher = William Carey Library | first = David |last = Barrett |author2=Johnson, Todd | access-date = 12 October 2006 | url =http://www.gordonconwell.edu/ockenga/globalchristianity/gd/wct-1-2.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080228224811/http://www.gordonconwell.edu/ockenga/globalchristianity/gd/wct-1-2.pdf |archive-date = 28 February 2008}}</ref>
!2000–2005<ref>{{cite news | title = The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions | work = [[Foreign Policy]] | publisher = [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] | date = May 2007 | url = https://foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 }}</ref>
|-
|2.74%: Islam
|2.13%: Islam
|1.84%: Islam
|-
|3.65%: Baháʼí Faith
|2.28%: Baháʼí Faith
|1.70%: Baháʼí Faith
|-
|2.34%: Hinduism
|1.69%: Hinduism
|1.57%: Hinduism
|-
|1.64%: Christianity
|1.36%: Christianity
|1.32%: Christianity
|-
|1.09%: Judaism
|1.87%: Judaism
|1.62%: Judaism
|-
|1.67%: Buddhism
|1.09%: Buddhism
|
|-
|
|2.65%: Zoroastrianism
|
|-
|
|The annual growth in the world<br /> population over the same period<br /> is 1.41%.
|
|}
Studies conducted by the [[Pew Research Center]] have found that, generally, poorer nations had a larger proportion of citizens who found religion to be very important than richer nations, with the exceptions of the United States<ref name="Pew2002">{{cite web
|title=Among Wealthy Nations U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion
|access-date=12 October 2006 |author=Pew Research Center
|publisher=Pew Research Center
|url=http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167
|date=19 December 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008020254/http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167
|archive-date=8 October 2006 |url-status=live
}}</ref> and Kuwait.<ref>{{cite web | title = Income and Religiosity | access-date = 14 September 2009 | author = Pew Research Center | url = http://benmuse.typepad.com/ben_muse/2008/01/wealth-and-reli.html | date = 1 January 2008}}</ref>
==Marriage==
The average age of marriage varies greatly from country to country and has varied through time. Women tend to marry earlier than men and currently varies from 17.6 for women in [[Niger]], to 32.4 for women in [[Denmark]] while men range from 22.6 in [[Mozambique]] to 35.1 in [[Sweden]].<ref name="UNECE">United Nations Economic Commission for Europe [http://w3.unece.org/pxweb/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=052_GEFHAge1stMarige_r&ti=Mean+Age+at+First+Marriage+by+Sex%2C+Country+and+Year&path=../DATABASE/Stat/30-GE/02-Families_households/&lang=1 "Mean age at first marriage by sex"]. Accessed 21 May 2011.</ref>
== Age structure ==
{{Main|Population pyramid|List of countries by median age}}
According to the 2021 [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]], around 25% of the world's population is below 15 years of age.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ Age structure of the world] – 2021 [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]</ref>
* 0–14 years: 25.2% (male 1,010,373,278/female 946,624,579)<ref name="cia world" />
* 15–64 years: 65.1% (male 2,562,946,384/female 2,498,562,457)<ref name="cia world" />
* 65 years and over: 9.7% (male 337,244,947/female 415,884,753) (2021 est.)<ref name="cia world" />
* Median Age – 31 years (male: 30.3 years, female: 31.8 years, 2021 est.)
According to a report by the [[Global Social Change Research Project]], worldwide, the percent of the population age 0–14 declined from 34% in 1950 to 27% in 2010. The elderly population (60+) increased during the same period from 8% to 11%.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shackman|first1=Gene|last2=Wang|first2=Xun|last3=Liu|first3=Yalin|title=Brief Review of World Demographic Trends Trends in Age Distributions|url=http://gsociology.icaap.org/report/demsumAging.html|website=The Global Social Change Research Project|access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|+<center>'''Median age by continent, 2018'''<ref name="visualcapitalist.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-the-median-age-of-every-continent/|title=Mapped: The Median Age of the Population on Every Continent|website=Visual Capitalist|author=Jeff Desjardins|date=15 February 2019}}</ref></center>
|-
! Region !! Median age
|-
|Asia|| 31 yo
|-
|Africa|| 18 yo
|-
|Europe|| 42 yo
|-
|North America|| 35 yo
|-
|South America|| 31 yo
|-
|Oceania|| 33 yo
|}
{|class="wikitable"
|+<center>'''Select age groups by continent, 2018'''<ref name="visualcapitalist.com"/></center>
|-
! Region !!Under 15 years<br />(proportion of population) !!Over 65 years<br />(proportion of population)
|-
|Asia|| 24%||8%
|-
|Africa|| 41%||3%
|-
|Europe|| 16%||18%
|-
|Latin America-Caribbean||26%||8%
|-
|North America|| 19%||15%
|-
|Oceania|| 23%||12%
|-
|World|| 26%||9%
|}
[[File:2017 world map, median age by country.svg|thumb|center|upright=2.30|[[Median age]] by country as of 2017. A youth bulge is evident for [[Demographics of Africa|Africa]], and to a lesser extent for West Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of the Americas.]]
== Population growth rate ==
{{Main|Population growth}}
[[File:World population growth rate 1950–2050.svg|thumb|left|upright=1.60|Growth rate of world population (1950–2010) <br />The sharp decline in world population growth in the early 1960s caused primarily by the [[Great Chinese Famine]]]]
Globally, the [[Population growth rate|growth rate]] of the [[World population|human population]] has been declining since peaking in 1962 and 1963 at 2.20% per annum. In 2009, the estimated annual growth rate was 1.1%.<ref name="census1">[https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php U.S. Census Bureau, January 2010] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701122431/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php |date=1 July 2009 }}</ref> The [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.915%, 0.812%, and 1.092% respectively<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ World Factbook]</ref> The last one hundred years have seen a rapid increase in population due to [[History of medicine#Modern medicine|medical advances]] and massive increase in agricultural productivity<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4994590.stm |title=The end of India's green revolution? |work=BBC News |date=29 May 2006 |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> made possible by the [[Green Revolution]].<ref>[http://www.foodfirst.org/media/opeds/2000/4-greenrev.html Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714215036/http://www.foodfirst.org/media/opeds/2000/4-greenrev.html |date=14 July 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0724/p01s01-wogi.html | title=Rising food prices curb aid to global poor| journal=The Christian Science Monitor| date=24 July 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_1011078.shtml |title=Irish business news |work=Finfacts |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref>
[[File:1 world map 2010-2015 population increase rate by country.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.25|2010–2015 net population increase rate, per 1000 people]]
The actual annual growth in the number of humans fell from its peak of 88.0 million in 1989, to a low of 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. Since then, annual growth has declined. In 2009, the human population increased by 74.6 million, which is projected to fall steadily to about 41 million per annum in 2050, at which time the population will have increased to about 9.2 billion.<ref name="census1"/> Each region of the globe has seen great reductions in growth rate in recent decades, though growth rates remain above 2% in some countries of the [[Middle East]] and [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], and also in [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], and [[Latin America]].<ref>[https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php U.S. Census Bureau, June 2009] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701122431/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php |date=1 July 2009 }}</ref>
Some countries experienced [[Population decline|negative population growth]], especially in [[Eastern Europe]] mainly due to low [[fertility rate]]s, high death rates and [[emigration]]. In [[Southern Africa]], growth is slowing due to the high number of [[HIV]]-related deaths. Some [[Western Europe]] countries might also encounter negative population growth.<ref>[http://esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp?panel=2 UN population projections] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5tpNJ6FqS?url=http://esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp?panel=2 |date=28 October 2010 }}</ref> [[Japan]]'s population began decreasing in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jan/02/japan-population |title=Japan sees biggest population fall |work=The Guardian |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref>
Population in the world increased from 1990 to 2008 with 1,423 billion and 27% growth. Measured by persons, the increase was highest in [[India]] (290 million) and China (192 million). Population growth was highest in [[Qatar]] (174%) and [[United Arab Emirates]] (140%).<ref name=IEApop2011>[http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion] Population 1971–2008 IEA ([http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf |date=6 January 2012 }} pages 83–85)</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Rank
!Country
!Population (thousands)<br />1990
!Population (thousands)<br />2010
!Growth (%)<br />1990–2010
|-
|
| {{noflag}} World
| 5,306,425
| 6,895,889
| 30.0%
|-
| 1
| {{flag|China}}
| 1,145,195
| 1,341,335
| 17.1%
|-
| 2
| {{flag|India}}
| 873,785
| 1,224,614
| 40.2%
|-
| 3
| {{flag|United States}}
| 253,339
| 310,384
| 22.5%
|-
| 4
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| 184,346
| 239,871
| 30.1%
|-
| 5
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| 149,650
| 194,946
| 30.3%
|-
| 6
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| 111,845
| 173,593
| 55.2%
|-
| 7
| {{flag|Nigeria}}
| 97,552
| 158,423
| 62.4%
|-
| 8
| {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| 105,256
| 148,692
| 41.3%
|-
| 9
| {{flag|Russia}}
| 148,244
| 142,958
| −3.6%
|-
| 10
| {{flag|Japan}}
| 126,536
| 122,251
| −3.5%
|}
==Birth count==
Data required on total number of births per year, and distribution by country.
==Birth rate==
{{main|List of sovereign states and dependent territories by birth rate}}
[[File:Countries by Birth Rate in 2017.svg|thumb|center|upright=3.0|{{center|Countries by birth rate in 2017}}]]
As of 2009, the average birth rate (unclear whether this is the weighted average rate per country [with each country getting a weight of 1], or the unweighted average of the entire world population) for the whole world is 19.95 per year per 1000 total population, a 0.48% decline from 2003's world birth rate of 20.43 per 1000 total population.
<div>
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:left"
|+ World historical and predicted crude birth rates (1950–2050) <br /><small>UN, medium variant, 2008 rev.</small><ref>[http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=world+population&d=PopDiv&f=variableID%3A53%3BcrID%3A900 UNdata: Crude birth rate (per 1,000 population)]</ref>
|-
!Years!!CBR!!Years!!CBR
|-
|1950–1955||align=center|37.2||2000–2005||align=center|21.2
|-
||1955–1960||align=center|35.3||2005–2010||align=center|20.3
|-
||1960–1965||align=center|34.9||2010–2015||align=center|19.4
|-
||1965–1970||align=center|33.4||2015–2020||align=center|18.2
|-
||1970–1975||align=center|30.8||2020–2025||align=center|16.9
|-
||1975–1980||align=center|28.4||2025–2030||align=center|15.8
|-
||1980–1985||align=center|27.9||2030–2035||align=center|15.0
|-
||1985–1990||align=center|27.3||2035–2040||align=center|14.5
|-
||1990–1995||align=center|24.7||2040–2045||align=center|14.0
|-
||1995–2000||align=center|22.5||2045–2050||align=center|13.4
|}
</div>
According to the [[The World Factbook|CIA – The World Factbook]], the country with the highest birth rate currently is Niger at 51.26 births per 1000 people. The country with the lowest birth rate is Japan at 7.64 births per 1000 people. Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of China, is at 7.42 births per 1000 people. As compared to the 1950s, birth rate was at 36 births per 1000 in the 1950s,<ref>[http://www.uneca.org/eca_programmes/food_security_and_sustainability/programme_overview/population/fertility/crude_world.htm Uneca.org: Crude Birth Rates – The World and its Major Regions, 1950–2050] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816073652/http://www.uneca.org/eca_programmes/food_security_and_sustainability/programme_overview/population/fertility/crude_world.htm |date=16 August 2011 }}</ref> birth rate has declined by 16 births per 1000 people. In July 2011, the U.S. National Institutes of Health announced that the adolescent birth rate continues to decline.<ref>[http://www.nih.gov/news/health/jul2011/nichd-07.htm Federal report shows drop in adolescent birth rate, July 7, 2011 News Release – National Institutes of Health (NIH)]</ref>
Birth rates vary even within the same geographic areas. In Europe, as of July 2011, Ireland's birth rate is 16.5 percent, which is 3.5 percent higher than the next-ranked country, the UK. France has a birth rate of 12.8 per cent while Sweden is at 12.3 percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thejournal.ie/ireland-has-one-of-highest-birth-and-lowest-death-rates-in-eu-189080-Jul2011/ |title=Ireland has one of highest birth and lowest death rates in EU |work=Thejournal.ie |date=29 July 2011 |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> In July 2011, the UK's Office for National Statistics (ONS) announced a 2.4% increase in live births in the UK in 2010 alone.<ref name="guardian1">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/jul/13/more-midwives-birth-rate-40-year-high |title=Call for more midwives as birth rate reaches 40-year high |work=The Guardian |date=13 July 2011 |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> This is the highest birth rate in the UK in 40 years.<ref name="guardian1"/> By contrast, the birth rate in Germany is only 8.3 per 1,000, which is so low that both the UK and France, which have significantly smaller populations, produced more births in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/health/2011/0809/1224302081071.html |title=Germany faces up to its kinder surprise |work=The Irish Times |date=9 June 2018 |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> Birth rates also vary within the same geographic area, based on different demographic groups. For example, in April 2011, the U.S. CDC announced that the birth rate for women over the age of 40 in the U.S. rose between 2007 and 2009, while it fell among every other age group during the same time span.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/04/01/cdc.births.decline/index.html |title=CDC records rise in birth rate for women over 40 |work=CNN.com |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> In August 2011, Taiwan's government announced that its birth rate declined in the previous year, despite the fact that it implemented a host of approaches to encourage its citizens to have babies.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14525525 |title=Taiwanese birth rate plummets despite measures |work=BBC News |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref>
Birth rates ranging from 10 to 20 births per 1000 are considered low, while rates from 40 to 50 births per 1000 are considered high. There are problems associated with both an extremely high birth rate and an extremely low birth rate. High birth rates can cause stress on the government welfare and family programs to support a youthful population. Additional problems faced by a country with a high birth rate include educating a growing number of children, creating jobs for these children when they enter the workforce, and dealing with the environmental effects that a large population can produce. Low birth rates can put stress on the government to provide adequate senior welfare systems and also the stress on families to support the elders themselves. There will be less children or working age population to support the constantly growing aging population.
The ten countries with the highest and lowest crude birth rate, according to the 2018 [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] estimates, are:<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/345.html CIA World Factbook – Birth Rate]</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;"
! Rank<br />(2018)!! Country !! Highest [[birth rate]]s <br /> (annual births/1000 persons)
|-
| 1 || {{flag|Angola}} || 43.70
|-
| 2 || {{flag|Niger}} || 43.60
|-
| 3 || {{flag|Mali}} || 43.20
|-
| 4 || {{flag|Chad}} || 43.00
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Uganda}} || 42.40
|-
| 6 || {{flag|Zambia}} || 41.10
|-
| 7 || {{flag|Burundi}} || 40.90
|-
| 8 || {{flag|Malawi}} || 40.70
|-
| 9 || {{flag|Somalia}} || 39.30
|-
| 10 || {{flag|Liberia}} || 37.90
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;"
! Rank<br />(2018)!! Country !! Lowest birth rates <br /> (annual births/1000 persons){{efn|This list includes only independent countries, not regions.}}
|-
| 1 || {{flag|Monaco}} || 6.50
|-
| 2 || {{flag|Andorra}} || 7.30
|-
| 3 || {{flag|Japan}} || 7.50
|-
| 4 || {{flag|Portugal}} || 8.20
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Taiwan}} || 8.20
|-
| 6 || {{flag|Greece}} || 8.30
|-
| 7 || {{flag|South Korea}} || 8.30
|-
| 8 || {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 8.50
|-
| 9 || {{flag|Italy}} || 8.50
|-
| 10 || {{flag|Germany}} || 8.60
|}
{{col-end}}
== Death rate ==
The ten countries with the highest and lowest crude death rate, according to the 2018 [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] estimates, are:<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/346rank.html CIA World Factbook – Death Rate]</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;"
! Rank<br />(2018)!! Country !! Highest [[death rate]]s <br /> (annual deaths/1000 persons)
|-
| 1 || {{flag|South Sudan}} || 19.30
|-
| 2 || {{flag|Lesotho}} || 15.10
|-
| 3 || {{flag|Lithuania}} || 14.80
|-
| 4 || {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 14.50
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Latvia}} || 14.50
|-
| 6 || {{flag|Ukraine}} || 14.30
|-
| 7 || {{flag|Serbia}} || 13.60
|-
| 8 || {{flag|Russia}} || 13.40
|-
| 9 || {{flag|Afghanistan}} || 13.20
|-
| 10 || {{flag|Belarus}} || 13.20
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;"
! Rank<br />(2018)!! Country !! Lowest death rates <br /> (annual deaths/1000 persons){{efn|This list includes only independent countries, not regions.}}
|-
| 1 || {{flag|Qatar}} || 1.60
|-
| 2 || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 1.70
|-
| 3 || {{flag|Kuwait}} || 2.30
|-
| 4 || {{flag|Bahrain}} || 2.80
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Oman}} || 3.30
|-
| 6 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 3.30
|-
| 7 || {{flag|Jordan}} || 3.40
|-
| 8 || {{flag|Singapore}} || 3.50
|-
| 9 || {{flag|Brunei}} || 3.70
|-
| 10 || {{flag|Libya}} || 3.70
|}
{{col-end}}
<div>
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:left"
|+ World historical and predicted crude death rates (1950–2050) <br /><small>UN, medium variant, 2008 rev.</small><ref>[http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=PopDiv&f=variableID%3A65 UNdata: Crude death rate (per 1,000 population)]</ref>
|-
!Years!!CDR!!Years!!CDR
|-
|1950–1955||align=center|19.5||2000–2005||align=center|8.6
|-
||1955–1960||align=center|17.3||2005–2010||align=center|8.5
|-
||1960–1965||align=center|15.5||2010–2015||align=center|8.3
|-
||1965–1970||align=center|13.2||2015–2020||align=center|8.3
|-
||1970–1975||align=center|11.4||2020–2025||align=center|8.3
|-
||1975–1980||align=center|10.7||2025–2030||align=center|8.5
|-
||1980–1985||align=center|10.3||2030–2035||align=center|8.8
|-
||1985–1990||align=center|9.7||2035–2040||align=center|9.2
|-
||1990–1995||align=center|9.4||2040–2045||align=center|9.6
|-
||1995–2000||align=center|8.9||2045–2050||align=center|10
|}
</div>
See [[list of countries by death rate]] for worldwide statistics.
According to the [[World Health Organization]], the 10 leading [[causes of death]] in 2002 were:
<!-- ref: http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2004/annex/topic/en/annex_2_en.pdf -->
# 12.6% [[Ischemic heart disease]]
# 9.7% [[Cerebrovascular disease]]
# 6.8% [[Lower respiratory infection]]s
# 4.9% [[HIV/AIDS]]
# 4.8% [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
# 3.2% [[Diarrhoeal disease]]s
# 2.7% [[Tuberculosis]]
# 2.2% [[Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers]]
# 2.2% [[Malaria]]
# 2.1% [[Road traffic accidents]]
Causes of death vary greatly between first and third world countries.
According to [[Jean Ziegler]] (the [[United Nations]] Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food for 2000 to March 2008), mortality due to [[malnutrition]] accounted for 58% of the total mortality in 2006: "In the world, approximately 62 millions people, all causes of death combined, die each year. In 2006, more than 36 millions died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in [[micronutrients]]".<ref name=Ziegler>[[Jean Ziegler]], ''[[L'Empire de la honte]]'', Fayard, 2007 {{ISBN|978-2-253-12115-2}}, p.130.</ref>
Of the roughly 150,000 people who died each day across the globe, about two-thirds—100,000 per day—died of age-related causes in 2001, according to an article which counts all deaths "due to causes that kill hardly anyone under the age of 40" as age-related.<ref name="doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011">{{cite journal | last = Aubrey D.N.J | first = de Grey | author-link = Aubrey de Grey | title = Life Span Extension Research and Public Debate: Societal Considerations | journal = Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology | volume = 1 | issue = 1, Article 5 | year = 2007 | url = http://www.sens.org/files/pdf/ENHANCE-PP.pdf | doi = 10.2202/1941-6008.1011 | access-date = 7 August 2011 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.395.745 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161013163622/http://www.sens.org/files/pdf/ENHANCE-PP.pdf | archive-date = 13 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>{{better source needed|| reference uses an extremely broad definition of "age-related" deaths, including even traffic accidents due to poor eyesight|date=June 2018}} In industrialized nations, the proportion was even higher according to that article, reaching 90%.<ref name="doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011"/>
== Total fertility rate ==
{{See also|List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate}}
There is an inverse correlation between [[income and fertility]], wherein [[Developed country|developed countries]] usually have a much lower [[fertility rate]]. Various [[fertility factor (demography)|fertility factors]] may be involved, such as education and urbanization. [[Mortality rate]]s are low, [[birth control]] is understood and easily accessible, and costs are often deemed very high because of education, clothing, feeding, and social amenities. With wealth, contraception becomes affordable. However, in countries like Iran where contraception was made artificially affordable before the economy accelerated, birth rate also rapidly declined. Further, longer periods of time spent getting higher education often mean women have children later in life.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gallagher|first=James|date=15 July 2020|title='Jaw-dropping' world fertility rate crash expected|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-53409521|access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref> Female labor participation rate also has substantial negative impact on fertility. However, this effect is neutralized among Nordic or liberalist countries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://homepage3.nifty.com/sociology/motion.html |title=Graph Charts of TFR and FLR using Google Motion Chart using World Bank's World Development Index. |access-date=2 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827110525/http://homepage3.nifty.com/sociology/motion.html |archive-date=27 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{elucidate|date=November 2012}}
In [[undeveloped countries]] on the other hand, families desire children for their labour and as caregivers for their parents in old age. Fertility rates are also higher due to the lack of access to [[contraceptives]], generally lower levels of [[female education]], and lower rates of female employment in industry.
;[[Total fertility rate]]s by region, 2010–2015:
Total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman.
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" |Total Fertility Rate (2010–2015)<ref>{{cite conference |conference=Expert Group Meeting on Changing Population Age Structures and Sustainable Development New York, 13–14 October 2016 |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/events/pdf/expert/25/2016-EGM_Nicole%20Mun%20Sam%20Lai.pdf |title=Global Population Age Structures and Sustainable Development |author=Nicole Mun Sim Lai |date=14 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
|World
|2.5
|-
|Africa
|4.7
|-
|Sub-Saharan Africa
|5.1
|-
|Western Africa
|5.5
|-
|Middle Africa
|5.8
|-
|Eastern Africa
|4.9
|-
|Northern Africa
|3.3
|-
|Southern Africa
|2.5
|-
|Oceania
|2.4
|-
|Asia
|2.2
|-
|Europe
|1.6
|-
|Latin America-Caribbean
|2.2
|-
|North America
|1.9
|}
==Health==
[[File:Expectancy of life CIA2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.25|[[Life expectancy]] (as of 2016) varies greatly from country to country. It is lowest in certain countries in [[Africa]] and higher in [[Japan]], [[Australia]] and [[Spain]].<ref name="WHO2016">{{cite web |title=World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs Annex B: tables of health statistics by country, WHO region and globally |publisher=World Health Organization |url=https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2016/EN_WHS2016_AnnexB.pdf |page=110 |date=2016 |access-date=3 August 2018}}</ref>
{| style="width:100%;"
|-
| valign=top |
{{legend|#0000CD|>80}}
{{legend|#4169E1|77.5–80}}
{{legend|#00BFFF|75–77.5}}
{{legend|#3CB371|72.5–75}}
{{legend|#32CD32|70–72.5}}
| valign=top |
{{legend|#ADFF2F|67.5–70}}
{{legend|#FFFF00|65–67.5}}
{{legend|#FFD700|60–65}}
{{legend|#FF8C00|55–60}}
{{legend|#FF4500|50–55}}
|}]]
The average number of hospital beds per 1,000 population is 2.94. It is highest in Switzerland (18.3) and lowest in Mexico (1.1)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_hos_bed-health-hospital-beds |title=Countries Compared by Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people. International Statistics at |publisher=Nationmaster.com |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref>
96% of the urban population has access to improved drinking water, while only 78% of rural inhabitants have improved drinking water. A total average of 87% of urban and rural have access to improved drinking water.
4% of the urban population does not have access to improved drinking water, leaving 22% of rural people without improved drinking water with a total world population of 13% not having access to drinking water.
76% of the urban population has access to sanitation facilities, while only 45% of the rural population has access. A total world average of 39% do not have access to sanitation facilities.
As of 2009, there are an estimated 33.3 million people living with HIV/AIDS, which is approximately 0.8% of the world population, and there have been an estimated 1.8 million deaths attributed to HIV/AIDS.
As of 2010, 925 million people are undernourished.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/en/ |title=SOFI | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2021 |publisher=FAO |doi=10.4060/CB4474EN |isbn=978-92-5-134325-8 |s2cid=241785130 |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref>
Life Expectancy at Birth:
* total population: 71.4 years
* male: 69.1 years
* female: 73.8 years (2015 est.)<ref name="WHO2016"/>
Infant Mortality
* total: 41.61 deaths/1,000 live births
* male: 43.52 deaths/1,000 live births
* female: 39.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
{| class="wikitable"
|+World historical and predicted total life expectancy at birth (1950–2050) <br /><small>UN, 2017 rev.</small><ref>{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|website=esa.un.org|access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref>
!Years
!LEB
!Years
!LEB
|-
|1950–1955
|47.9
|2000–2005
|67.2
|-
|1955–1960
|49.3
|2005–2010
|69.1
|-
|1960–1965
|51.2
|2010–2015
|70.8
|-
|1965–1970
|55.5
|2015–2020
|72.0
|-
|1970–1975
|58.1
|2020–2025
|73.0
|-
|1975–1980
|60.3
|2025–2030
|73.8
|-
|1980–1985
|62.1
|2030–2035
|74.7
|-
|1985–1990
|63.7
|2035–2040
|75.5
|-
|1990–1995
|64.6
|2040–2045
|76.2
|-
|1995–2000
|65.7
|2045–2050
|77.0
|}
== Sex ratio ==
[[File:Sex ratio total population.PNG|thumb|right|upright=1.25|Map indicating the human sex ratio by country.
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; background:none;"
|-
|valign="top"|
{{Legend|#E66771|Countries with more '''females''' than males.}}
{{Legend|#7CFC00|Countries with '''similar''' number of males and females.}}
{{Legend|#318CE7|Countries with more '''males''' than females.}}
{{Legend|Grey|No data}}
|}]]
The value for the entire [[world population]] is 1.02 males/female,<ref name="CIA Fact Book">{{cite web|title=CIA Fact Book |date=15 November 2021 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ |publisher=The Central Intelligence Agency of the United States }}</ref> with 1.07 at birth, 1.06 for those under 15, 1.02 for those between 15 and 64, and 0.78 for those over 65.
The [[Northern Mariana Islands]] have the highest female ratio with 0.77 males per female. [[Qatar]] has the highest male ratio, with 2.87 males/female. For the group aged below 15, [[Sierra Leone]] has the highest female ratio with 0.96 males/female, and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and China are tied for the highest male ratio with 1.13 males/female (according to the 2006 [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]).
The "[[First World]]" [[G7]] members all have a gender ratio in the range of 0.95–0.98 for the total population, of 1.05–1.07 at birth, of 1.05–1.06 for the group below 15, of 1.00–1.04 for the group aged 15–64, and of 0.70–0.75 for those over 65.
Countries on the [[Arabian Peninsula]] tend to have a "natural" ratio of about 1.05 at birth but a very high ratio of males for those over 65 ([[Saudi Arabia]] 1.13, [[United Arab Emirates]] 2.73, [[Qatar]] 2.84), indicating either an above-average mortality rate for females or a below-average mortality for males, or, more likely in this case, a large population of aging male [[foreign worker|guest workers]]. Conversely, countries of [[Eastern Europe]] (the [[Baltic states]], [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]], [[Russia]]) tend to have a "normal" ratio at birth but a very low ratio of males among those over 65 (Russia 0.46, Latvia 0.48, Ukraine 0.52); similarly, [[Armenia]] has a far above average male ratio at birth (1.17), and a below-average male ratio above 65 (0.67). This effect may be caused by [[human migration|emigration]] and higher male mortality as result of higher post-Soviet era deaths; it may also be related to the enormous (by western standards) rate of alcoholism in the former Soviet states. Another possible contributory factor is an aging population, with a higher than normal proportion of relatively elderly people: we recall that due to higher differential mortality rates the ratio of males to females reduces for each year of age.
==Unemployment rate==
8.7% (2010 est.)
8.2% (2009 est.)
note: 30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%–12% unemployment (2007 est.)
== Languages ==
[[File:Primary Human Languages Improved Version.png|thumb|right|upright=1.25|Primary language families of the world (and in some cases geographic groups of families). For greater detail, see ''[[:Distribution of languages in the world|Distribution of languages in the world]]''.]]
{{Main|Language family}}
Worldwide, [[English language|English]] is used widely as a [[lingua franca]] and can be seen to be the dominant language at this time. The world's largest language by native speakers is [[Mandarin Chinese]] which is a [[first language]] of around 960 million people, or 12.44% of the population, predominantly in [[Greater China]]. [[Spanish language|Spanish]] is spoken by around 330 to 400 million people, predominantly in the [[Americas]] and [[Spain]]. Hindustani is spoken by about 370 to 420 million speakers, mostly in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. [[Arabic language|Arabic]] is spoken by around 280 million people. [[Bengali language|Bengali]] is spoken by around 250 million people worldwide, predominantly in [[Bangladesh]] and India. [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] is spoken by about 230 million speakers in [[Portugal]], [[Brazil]], [[East Timor]], and [[Southern Africa]].
There are numerous other languages, grouped into nine major families:
# [[Indo-European languages]] 46% ([[Europe]], [[Western Asia]], [[South Asia]], [[North Asia]], [[North America]], [[South America]], and [[Oceania]])
# [[Sino-Tibetan languages]] 21% ([[East Asia]], [[Mainland Southeast Asia]], and [[South Asia]])
# [[Niger–Congo languages]] 6.4% ([[Sub-Saharan Africa]])
# [[Afro-Asiatic languages]] 6.0% ([[North Africa]] to [[Horn of Africa]], and [[Western Asia]])
# [[Austronesian languages]] 5.9% ([[Oceania]], [[Madagascar]], and [[Maritime Southeast Asia]])
# [[Dravidian languages]] 3.7% ([[South Asia]])
# [[Altaic languages]] (controversial combination of Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic families) 2.3% ([[Central Asia]], [[North Asia]] ([[Siberia]]), and [[Anatolia]]){{efn|1=Since the Mongolic and Tungusic language families have only a relatively small number of speakers, the majority of the Altaic percentage represents speakers of Turkic languages.}}
# [[Austroasiatic languages]] 1.7% ([[Mainland Southeast Asia]])
# [[Tai–Kadai languages]] 1.3% ([[Southeast Asia]])
There are also hundreds of [[List of sign languages|non-verbal sign languages]].
==Education==
[[File:World map of countries by literacy rate.svg|300px|thumb|World map of countries shaded according to the literacy rate for all people aged 15 and over, as of 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uis.unesco.org/DataCentre/Excel/LITEA/Metadata%20on%20literacy%20-%20M%C3%A9tadonn%C3%A9es%20sur%20l%E2%80%99alphab%C3%A9tisme.xlsx|title=Literacy Statistics Metadata Information Table|publisher=[[UNESCO Institute for Statistics]]|date=September 2015|access-date=19 November 2015}}</ref>]]
Total population: 83.7% over the age of 15 [[List of countries by literacy rate|can read and write]], 88.3% male and 79.2% female{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
note: over two-thirds of the world's 793 million illiterate adults are found in only eight countries (Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan); of all the illiterate adults in the world, two-thirds are women; extremely low literacy rates are concentrated in three regions, the Arab states, South and West Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, where around one-third of the men and half of all women are illiterate (2005–09 est.){{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
As of 2008, the school life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) for a man or woman is 11 years.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
==See also==
{{col div|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Demographics of Africa]]
* [[Demographics of Antarctica]]
* [[Demographics of Asia]]
* [[Demographics of Europe]]
* [[North America#Demographics|Demographics of North America]]
** [[List of Caribbean countries by population]]
* [[Demographics of Oceania]]
* [[Demographics of South America]]
* [[World population]]
{{colend}}
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
{{reflist|group=fn|refs=
}}
==References==
{{reference style|date=September 2016}}
{{reflist}}
{{Demographics by continent}}
{{Lists of countries by population statistics}}
{{Population}}
[[Category:Demographics]]
[[Category:World]]
[[Category:Earth]]
[[Category:Global culture]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Global human population statistics}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
l=https://www.webcitation.org/5EykhvsD5?url=http://esa.un.org/unpp |date=7 April 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm |title=The World at |publisher=Un.org |date=12 October 1999 |access-date=1 August 2010}}< BlACK PEOPLE RuLE
THEY CANA TAKE OVER THE WORLD
YES
NO
MAYBE
|Former USSR
|3 900
|7 100
|16 950
|20 700
|26 550
|39 036
|52 859
|-
|'''Total Western Offshoots'''
|'''1 170'''
|'''1 960'''
|'''2 800'''
|'''2 300'''
|'''1 750'''
|'''11 230'''
|'''46 133'''
|'''111 401'''
|'''176 094'''
|'''250 945'''
|'''323 420'''
|-
|Mexico
|2 200
|4 500
|7 500
|2 500
|4 500
|6 587
|9 219
|14 970
|28 485
kpk
pk
pklkl;klk
lkl;k'lk
kl;'k
|6 900
|10 000
|6 100
|7 550
|14 633
|30 754
|65 545
|137 352
|250 807
|409 070
|-
|'''Total Latin America'''
|'''5 600'''
|'''11 400'''
|'''17 500'''
|'''8 600'''
|'''12 050'''
|'''21 220'''
|'''39 973'''
|'''80 515'''
|'''165 837'''
|'''308 450'''
|'''507 623'''
|-
|'''Japan'''
|'''3 000'''
|'''7 500'''
|'''15 400'''
|'''18 500'''
|'''27 000'''
|'''31 000'''
|'''34 437'''
|'''51 672'''
|'''83 563'''
|'''108 660'''
|'''126 469'''
|-
|China
|59 600
|59 000
|103 000
|160 000
|138 000
|381 000
|358 000
|437 140
|546 815
|881 940
|1 242 700
|-
|India
|75 000
|77 000
|113 000
|145 000
|201 000
|209 000
|239 000
|319 000
|362 000
|549 000
|1 029 000
|-
|Other Asia
|36 600
|41 400
|55 400
|65 000
|71 800
|89 366
|119 619
|185 092
|392 481
|677 214
|1 172 243
|-
|'''Total Asia (excluding Japan)'''
|'''171 200'''
|'''175 400'''
|'''268 400'''
|'''360 000'''
|'''374 800'''
|'''679 366'''
|'''730 619'''
|'''925 932'''
|'''1 298 296'''
|'''2 139 154'''
|'''3 389 943'''
|-
|'''Africa'''
|'''16 500'''
|'''33 000'''
|'''46 000'''
|'''55 000'''
|'''61 000'''
|'''74 208'''
|'''90 466'''
|'''124 697'''
|'''228 342'''
|'''387 645'''
|'''759 954'''
|-
|'''World (thousands)'''
|'''230,820'''
|'''268,273'''
|'''437,818'''
|'''555,828'''
|'''603,410'''
|'''1,041,092'''
|'''1,270,014'''
|'''1,791,020'''
|'''2,524,531'''
|'''3,913,482'''
|'''5,907,680'''
|}
=== Shares of world population, AD 1–1998 (% of world total)===
Source: Maddison and others. (University of Groningen).<ref name="ggdc.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/other_books/appendix_B.pdf|title=Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820|author=Maddison|website=[[University of Groningen]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |1
! scope="col" |1000
! scope="col" |1500
! scope="col" |1600
! scope="col" |1700
! scope="col" |1820
! scope="col" |1870
! scope="col" |1913
! scope="col" |1950
! scope="col" |1973
! scope="col" |1998
|-
|Western Europe
|10.7
|9.5
|13.1
|13.3
|13.5
|12.8
|14.8
|14.6
|12.1
|9.2
|6.6
|-
|Eastern Europe<br />(excluding USSR countries)
|2.1
|2.4
|3.1
|3.0
|3.1
|3.5
|4.1
|4.4
|3.5
|2.8
|2.0
|-
|Former USSR
|1.7
|2.6
|3.9
|3.7
|4.4
|5.3
|7.0
|8.7
|7.1
|6.4
|4.9
|-
|'''Total Europe<br />(including USSR countries)'''
|'''14.5'''
|'''14.5'''
|'''20.1'''
|'''20.0'''
|'''21.0'''
|'''21.6'''
|'''25.9'''
|'''27.7'''
|'''22.7'''
|'''18.4'''
|'''13.5'''
|-
|United States
|0.3
|0.5
|0.5
|0.3
|0.2
|1.0
|3.2
|5.4
|6.0
|5.4
|4.6
|-
|Other Western Offshoots
|0.2
|0.2
|0.2
|0.1
|0.1
|0.1
|0.5
|0.8
|0.9
|1.0
|0.9
|-
|'''Total Western Offshoots '''
|'''0.5 '''
|'''0.7 '''
|'''0.6 '''
|'''0.4 '''
|'''0.3'''
|'''1.1 '''
|'''3.6 '''
|'''6.2 '''
|'''7.0 '''
|'''6.4 '''
|'''5.5'''
|-
|Mexico
|1.0
|1.7
|1.7
|0.4
|0.7
|0.6
|0.7
|0.8
|1.1
|1.5
|1.7
|-
|Other Latin America
|1.5
|2.6
|2.3
|1.1
|1.3
|1.4
|2.4
|3.7
|5.4
|6.4
|6.9
|-
|'''Total Latin America'''
|'''2.4 '''
|'''4.2 '''
|'''4.0 '''
|'''1.5 '''
|'''2.0 '''
|'''2.0 '''
|'''3.1 '''
|'''4.5 '''
|'''6.6'''
|''' 7.9'''
|'''8.6'''
|-
|'''Japan '''
|'''1.3 '''
|'''2.8 '''
|'''3.5 '''
|'''3.3 '''
|'''4.5 '''
|'''3.0 '''
|'''2.7 '''
|'''2.9 '''
|'''3.3 '''
|'''2.8 '''
|'''2.1'''
|-
|China
|25.8
|22.0
|23.5
|28.8
|22.9
|36.6
|28.2
|24.4
|21.7
|22.5
|21.0
|-
|India
|32.5
|28.0
|25.1
|24.3
|27.3
|20.1
|19.9
|17.0
|14.2
|14.8
|16.5
|-
|Other Asia
|15.9
|15.4
|12.7
|11.7
|11.9
|8.6
|9.4
|10.3
|15.5
|17.3
|19.8
|-
|'''Total Asia (excluding Japan) '''
|'''74.2'''
|''' 65.4'''
| '''61.3 '''
|'''64.8 '''
|'''62.1 '''
|'''65.3 '''
|'''57.5 '''
|'''51.7 '''
|'''51.4 '''
|'''54.7 '''
|'''57.4'''
|-
|'''Africa'''
|''' 7.1 '''
|'''12.3 '''
|'''10.5 '''
|'''9.9 '''
|'''10.1 '''
|'''7.1 '''
|'''7.1 '''
|'''7.0 '''
|'''9.0 '''
|'''9.9'''
|'''12.9'''
|-
|'''World '''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0'''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0'''
|'''100.0 '''
|'''100.0'''
|}
== 2021 population distribution ==
{{Main|World population}}
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Population distribution (2021)
| other =
| label1 = Asia
| value1 = 59.5
| color1 = red
| label2 = Africa
| value2 = 17.4
| color2 = orange
| label3 = Europe
| value3 = 9.5
| color3 = green
| label4 = North America
| value4 = 7.5
| color4 = blue
| label5 = South America
| value5 = 5.6
| color5 = purple
| label6 = Oceania
| value6 = 0.6
| color6 = yellow
| label7 = Antarctica
| value7 = 0.0
| color7 = white
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Region (2021)!! Number !! Percentage<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents|title=Population: World|website=worldometers.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antarctica/|title=Explore All Countries-Antarctica|website=www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook|date=15 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| Asia || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">4,690,000,000</div> || 59.5%
|-
| Africa || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">1,370,000,000</div> || 17.4%
|-
| Europe || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">748,800,000</div> || 9.5%
|-
| North America || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">592,300,000</div> || 7.5%
|-
| South America || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">438,000,000</div> || 5.6%
|-
| Oceania || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">43,500,000</div> || 0.6%
|-
| Antarctica || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">0 (1,106 estimated non-permanent research personnel)</div> || 0.0%
|- style="background:#ccc;"
| '''Total''' ||<div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;"> ''' 7,882,600,000'''</div> || '''100.0%'''
|}
== 2019 population distribution ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Region (2019)!! Number !! Percentage<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents|title=Population: World|website=worldometers.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antarctica/|title=Explore All Countries-Antarctica|website=www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook|date=15 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| Asia || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">4,607,523,595</div> || 59.8%
|-
| Africa || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">1,313,074,183</div> || 16.7%
|-
| Europe || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">747,253,261</div> || 9.8%
|-
| North America || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">565,620,340</div> || 7.2%
|-
| South America || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">427,751,538</div> || 5.5%
|-
| Oceania || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">42,213,121</div> || 0.5%
|-
| Antarctica || <div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">0 (1,106 estimated non-permanent research personnel)</div> || 0.0%
|- style="background:#ccc;"
| '''Total''' ||<div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;"> ''' 7,792,204,108'''</div> || '''100.0%'''
|}
==Major cities across six continents==
The world has hundreds of major cities, mostly in coastal regions.
{{As of|2005}}, the world had 62 metropolitan areas with a population of over 3,000,000 people each.<ref>{{cite web|website=Mongabay.com|url=http://www.mongabay.com/igapo/2005_world_city_populations/2005_city_population_01.html|title=2005 World City Populations}}</ref>
As of 2010, about 3 billion people live in or around urban areas.<ref name="cia world" />
The following table shows the populations of the top ten conglomerations.
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#ececec; text-align:center;"
!| Rank
!| City
!|Population
!| Country
!| Statistical concept<ref>{{cite web | title=World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision Population Database | url=http://esa.un.org/wup2009/wup/source/country.aspx | publisher=United Nations | access-date=11 September 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927055752/http://esa.un.org/wup2009/wup/source/country.aspx | archive-date=27 September 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
!| Area (km<sup>2</sup>){{efn|1=The area figures are taken from individual national censuses according to the criteria and statistical concepts noted in the World Urbanization Prospects.}}
!| Density (p/km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
|1||[[Greater Tokyo Area|Tokyo]]||align=right|30,000,000||{{JPN}}||Metropolitan area{{efn|1=As defined by the Statistics Bureau of Japan; refers to Kanto major metropolitan area (M.M.A.)}}||13,500||2,716
|-
|2||[[Shanghai]]||align=right|24,180,000||{{CHN}}||Urban agglomeration{{efn|1=The population of the city is composed of population in all City Districts meeting the criteria such as "contiguous built-up area", being the location of the local government, being a Street or Having a Resident Committee.}}||3,920||6,168
|-
|3||[[Mexico City]]|| style="text-align:right;"|22,460,000||{{MEX}}||Metropolitan area (zona metropolitana)||7,815||2,490
|-
|4||[[Delhi]]|| style="text-align:right;"|22,157,000||{{IND}}||Urban agglomeration{{efn|1=Based on a definition of urban agglomeration that is not restricted to state boundaries.}}||33,578||659
|-
|5||[[Lagos]]|| style="text-align:right;"|21,000,000||{{NGA}}||Metropolitan area||1,171||17,933
|-
|6||[[New York metropolitan area|New York]]|| style="text-align:right;"|20,153,634||{{USA}}||Metropolitan Statistics Area||21,483<ref name="US UA 2000">[https://censusreporter.org/profiles/31000US35620-new-york-newark-jersey-city-ny-nj-pa-metro-area/ Censusreporter.org]. Retrieved 26 June 2018.</ref>||938
|-
|7||[[Mumbai]]|| style="text-align:right;"|20,041,000||{{IND}}||Urban agglomeration||1,097{{efn|1=The Greater Mumbai urban agglomeration is defined by the municipal corporations of Greater Mumbai, Kalyan-Dombivali, Navi Mumbai, Thane and Ulhasnagar, plus the municipal councils of Ambarnath, Badlapur and Mira-Bhayandar. Not to be confused with the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, which includes some additional urban and rural units.}}||18,268
|-
|8||[[Kolkata]] ||align=right|15,552,000||{{IND}}||Urban agglomeration||1,026<ref name="DCO WB Kolkata">[http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/FrameTable4_17.htm Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal; Kolkata District]. Retrieved 3 July 2008.</ref>||15,158
|-
|9||[[Dhaka]] ||align=right|14,648,000||{{BGD}}||Metropolitan area (megacity)||1,600||9,155
|-
|10||[[Istanbul]]||align=right|13,160,467||{{TUR}}||Metropolitan Municipality||5,461||2,593
|}
== Population density ==
{{See also|List of countries and dependencies by population density}}
[[File:Population density of countries 2018 world map, people per sq km.svg|upright=1.25|thumb|Population density (people per km<sup>2</sup>) by country, 2018]]
The [[world's population]] is 7 billion<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html |title=U.S. & World Population Clocks |access-date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223002408/http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html |archive-date=23 February 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Earth]]'s total surface area (including land and water) is {{convert|510 |e6km2 |e6sqmi |0|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 January 2010 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ |title=Geography / People |publisher=CIA |work=The World Factbook }}</ref> Therefore, the worldwide human population density is 7 billion ÷ {{convert|510 |e6km2 |e6sqmi |0|abbr=unit}} = {{cvt|13.7 |/km2 |/sqmi |disp=preunit |people}}. If only the Earth's land area of {{convert|150 |e6km2 |e6sqmi |0|abbr=unit}} is taken into account, then human population density increases to {{cvt|46.7 |/km2 |/sqmi |disp=preunit |people}}. This calculation includes all continental and island land area, including [[Antarctica]]. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to {{cvt|50 |/km2 |/sqmi |disp=preunit |people}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population Density |author=Matt Rosenberg |date=22 July 2016 |url=http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/popdensity.htm |website=About.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201132604/http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/popdensity.htm |archive-date=1 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/population-density-overview-1435467 |title=Population Density Information and Statistics |author=Matt Rosenberg |date=2 January 2019 |website=ThoughtCo |access-date=30 April 2019}}</ref> Considering that over half of the Earth's land mass consists of areas inhospitable to human inhabitation, such as deserts and high mountains, and that population tends to cluster around seaports and fresh water sources, this number by itself does not give any meaningful measurement of human population density.
Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are [[city-states]], [[microstates]] or [[Dependent territory|dependencies]].<ref name=unpop>{{cite journal | url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1| version=2008 revision | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division | year=2009 | access-date= 12 March 2009}}</ref><ref>The Monaco government uses a smaller surface area figure resulting in a population density of 18,078 per km<sup>2</sup></ref> These territories share a relatively small area and a high [[urbanization]] level, with an economically specialized [[city]] population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and [[Human overpopulation|overpopulation]].
== Religion ==
{{Further|List of religious populations}}
[[File:Prevailing world religions map.png|thumb|upright=1.25|Major denominations and religions of the world]]
The table below lists religions classified by philosophy; however, religious philosophy is not always the determining factor in local practice. Please note that this table includes heterodox movements as adherents to their larger philosophical category, although this may be disputed by others within that category. For example, [[Caodaism|Cao Đài]] is listed because it claims to be a separate category from Buddhism, while [[Hòa Hảo]] is not, even though they are similar [[new religious movement]]s.
The population numbers below are computed by a combination of census reports, random surveys (in countries where religion data is not collected in census, for example United States or France), and self-reported attendance numbers, but results can vary widely depending on the way questions are phrased, the definitions of religion used and the bias of the agencies or organizations conducting the survey. Informal or unorganized religions are especially difficult to count. Some organizations may wildly inflate their numbers.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Global religious affiliation
|-
! Religious category !! colspan="2" | Number of followers <br /> (in millions) !! Cultural tradition !!class="unsortable"| Main regions covered
|-
| '''[[Christianity]]''' ||align=right|2,300–2,400 || <ref>[http://worldchristiandatabase.org/wcd/ World Christian Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304152957/http://worldchristiandatabase.org/wcd/ |date=4 March 2007 }} [[Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary]] Centre for the Study of Global Christianity</ref>|| [[Abrahamic religions]] || Predominant in the [[Western world]] (Western Europe, the Americas, Oceania), Eastern Europe, Russia, [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], the [[Philippines]], and [[East Timor]] in Southeast Asia. Minorities worldwide, see [[Christianity by country]].<ref name="Pew">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/number/all/|title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=2 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Islam]]''' ||align=right|1,600–1,800 || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.religionfacts.com/big_religion_chart.htm|title=The Big Religion Comparison Chart: Compare World Religions|publisher=ReligionFacts|access-date=2 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414025804/http://www.religionfacts.com/big_religion_chart.htm|archive-date=14 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Kettani, H. (2014). The World Muslim Population, History & Prospect. Singapore: Research Publishing Service</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pewforum.org/docs/?DocID=450 |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population |access-date=8 October 2009 |date=7 October 2009 }}</ref> || [[Abrahamic religions]] || West Asia, Northern Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, Western Africa, Maritime Southeast Asia with large population centers existing in Eastern Africa, [[Balkans|Balkan Peninsula]], Russia and China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pewresearch.org/assets/pewforum-muslim-project/weighted-map.htm|title=World distribution of muslim population|date=October 2009|access-date=26 December 2009|publisher=Pew Centre|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091228041834/http://pewresearch.org/assets/pewforum-muslim-project/weighted-map.htm|archive-date=28 December 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Hinduism]]'''|| align="right" | 1,110-1,200 ||<ref>Clarke, Peter B. (editor), The Religions of the World: Understanding the Living Faiths, Marshall Editions Limited: USA (1993); pg. 125</ref>||[[Indian religions]]||[[South Asia]], [[Bali]], [[Mauritius]], [[Fiji]], [[Guyana]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Suriname]], and among the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|overseas Indian]] communities.
|-
| '''[[Irreligion|No religion]]''' ||align=right| 1,100 || <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20000816004118/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents], [https://web.archive.org/web/19990422162501/http://www.adherents.com/ adherents.com]. {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mqurhEL9?url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |date=17 January 2010 }}</ref> || [[Secularism|Secularism, half of those are theistic (but do not fit in with the major religions)]] || Predominant in the [[Western world]], East Asia. Minorities worldwide, see [[list of countries by irreligion]].
|-
| '''[[Buddhism]]''' ||align=right| 400–600 || <ref name="ciawf">"[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ World]". ''[[CIA World Factbook]]'', 2010 [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/]</ref><ref>Fischer-Schreiber, Ingrid, et al. ''The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy & Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen''. Shambhala: Boston (English: pub. 1994; orig. German: 1986); pg. 50.</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=23 March 2008|title=Tây Tạng một cái nhìn toàn cục|language=vi|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/forum/story/2008/03/080323_tibet_analysis.shtml|publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> ||[[Indian Religions]]|| South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and some regions of Russia.
|-
| '''[[Folk religion]]s''' ||align=right| 600–3,000 || {{efn|name=varies}} || [[Folk religion]]s || Africa, Asia, Americas
|-
| '''[[Chinese folk religion]]s'''<br />(including [[Taoism]] and [[Confucianism]]) ||align=right| 400–1,000 || <ref>[http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=468&Itemid=206 Asia Sentinel – How Now Tao?]</ref>{{efn|name=varies|1=The number of people who consider themselves party to a "folk tradition" is impossible to determine.}} || [[Religion in China|Chinese Religions]] || East Asia, [[Vietnam]], [[Singapore]] and [[Malaysia]].
|-
| '''[[Shinto]]''' ||align=right| 27–65 || <ref>[http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/chapter_11.pdf Japanese government] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325031920/http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/chapter_11.pdf |date=25 March 2009 }}</ref> || [[Religion in Japan|Japanese Religions]] || Japan
|-
| '''[[Sikhism]]''' ||align=right| 24–30 || <ref>Indian Registrar General & Census Commissioner. "[http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx Religious Composition]". ''[[Census of India]]'', 2001</ref><ref name="ciawf"/> || Indian religions || Indian subcontinent, Australasia, Northern America, Southeast Asia, the United Kingdom and Western Europe.
|-
| '''[[Judaism]]''' ||align=right| 14–18 || <ref name="ciawf"/> || [[Abrahamic religions]] || [[Israel]] and the worldwide [[Jewish diaspora]] (mostly North America, South America, Europe, Ethiopia, and Asia).
|-
| '''[[Jainism]]''' ||align=right| 8–12 || {{efn|1=Figures for the population of Jains differ from just over six million to twelve million due to difficulties of Jain identity, with Jains in some areas counted as a Hindu sect. Many Jains do not return Jainism as their religion on census forms for various reasons such as certain Jain castes considering themselves both Hindu and Jain. Following a major advertising campaign urging Jains to register as such, the 1981 Census of India returned 3.19 million Jains. This was estimated at the time to still be half the true number. The 2001 Census of India had 8.4 million Jains.}} || Indian religions || India, and East Africa.
|-
| '''[[Baháʼí Faith]]''' ||align=right| 7.3–7.9 || <ref name="ARDAWorld2010">{{cite web |title=QuickLists: World Religions (2010) |work=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]] |year=2010 |url=https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_125.asp |access-date=22 October 2020 |quote=Baha'is (sic) 7,305,110}}</ref> || [[Abrahamic religions]]{{efn|1=Historically, the Baháʼí Faith arose in 19th century Persia, in the context of [[Shia Islam]], and thus may be classed on this basis as a divergent strand of Islam, placing it in the Abrahamic tradition. However, the Baháʼí Faith considers itself an independent religious tradition, which draws from Islam but also other traditions. The Baháʼí Faith may also be classed as a [[new religious movement]], due to its comparatively recent origin, or may be considered sufficiently old and established for such classification to not be applicable.}} || Noted for being dispersed worldwide<ref name="britannica_stats">{{cite book |chapter=Worldwide Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-2002 |title = Encyclopædia Britannica |author= Encyclopædia Britannica | publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica |year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-85229-555-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first = Denis | last = MacEoin |chapter = Baha'i Faith |editor=Hinnells, John R. |title=The New Penguin Handbook of Living Religions: Second Edition|publisher=[[Penguin books|Penguin]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-14-051480-3}}</ref> but the top ten populations (amounting to about 65%<!--- ARDA 2010: 4.726 million of 7.305 million total ---> of the world's Baháʼí Faith adherents) are (in order of size of community) India, United States, [[Kenya]], [[Vietnam]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DR of the Congo]], [[Philippines]], [[Iran]], [[Zambia]], South Africa, [[Bolivia]]<ref name="ARDA2010">{{cite web |title=QuickLists: Most Baha'i (sic) Nations (2010) |work=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]] |year=2010 |url=https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp |access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Caodaism|Cao Đài]]''' ||align=right| 1–3 || <ref>Sergei Blagov. "[http://lecaodaisme.free.fr/caodainet/English/Htm/Caodai_inVN_SB.htm Caodaism in Vietnam : Religion vs Restrictions and Persecution] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009035436/http://lecaodaisme.free.fr/caodainet/English/Htm/Caodai_inVN_SB.htm|date=2011-10-09}}". IARF World Congress, Vancouver, Canada, 31 July 1999.</ref>||[[Religion in Vietnam|Vietnamese Religions]] || [[Vietnam]].
|-
| '''[[Cheondoism]]''' ||align=right| 3 || <ref>Self-reported figures from 1999; North Korea only (South Korean followers are minimal according to self-reported figures). In ''The A to Z of New Religious Movements'' by George D. Chryssides. {{ISBN|978-0-8108-5588-5}}</ref> || [[Religion in Korea|Korean religions]] || [[North Korea]] and [[South Korea]]
|-
| '''[[Tenrikyo]]''' ||align=right| 2 || <ref name="shukyo"/> || [[Religion in Japan|Japanese religions]] || Japan, [[Brazil]].
|-
| '''[[Wicca]]''' ||align=right| 1 ||<ref>Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa (Detroit: Thompson Gale, 2004) p. 82</ref> || [[New religious movement]]s || United States, Australia, Europe, Canada.
|-
| '''[[Church of World Messianity]]''' ||align=right| 1 || <ref>Clarke, Peter B. (editor), ''The Religions of the World: Understanding the Living Faiths'', Marshall Editions Limited: USA (1993); pg. 208. "Sekai Kyuseikyo has about one million members, a growing number of them in the west and the third world, especially Brazil and Thailand. "</ref> || [[Religion in Japan|Japanese Religions]] || Japan, Brazil
|-
| '''[[Seicho-no-Ie]]''' ||align=right| 0.8 || <ref name="shukyo">Self-reported figures printed in [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology|Japanese Ministry of Education]]'s 宗教年間 ''Shuukyou Nenkan'', 2003</ref> || [[Religion in Japan|Japanese religions]] || Japan, Brazil.
|-
| '''[[Rastafari movement]]''' ||align=right| 0.7 || <ref>Leonard E. Barrett. ''The Rastafarians: Sounds of Cultural Dissonance''. Beacon Press, 1988. p. viii.</ref> || [[New religious movement]]s, [[Abrahamic religions]] || [[Jamaica]], Caribbean, Africa.
|-
| '''[[Unitarian Universalism]]''' ||align=right| 0.63 || <ref>[http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm American Religious Identification Survey] {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5xz5wR2qx?url=http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm |date=16 April 2011 }}</ref> || [[New religious movement]]s || United States, Canada, Europe.
|}
Since the late 19th century, the demographics of religion have changed a great deal. Some [[Western civilization|countries with a historically large Christian population]] have experienced a significant decline in the numbers of professed active Christians: see [[demographics of atheism]]. Symptoms of the decline in active participation in Christian religious life include declining recruitment for the [[priest]]hood and [[monastery|monastic life]], as well as diminishing [[Church attendance|attendance at church]]. On the other hand, since the 19th century, large areas of [[sub-Saharan Africa]] have been converted to Christianity, and this area of the world has the highest population growth rate. In the realm of [[Western civilization]], there has been an increase in the number of people who identify themselves as [[secular humanism|secular humanists]]. Despite the decline, [[Christianity]] remains the dominant religion in the [[Western World|Western world]], where 70% of the population is Christian.<ref name="Global Christianity">{{cite web|author=Analysis |url=http://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-exec.aspx |title=Global Christianity |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=19 December 2011 |access-date=17 August 2012}}</ref> In many countries, such as the People's Republic of China, communist governments have discouraged religion, making it difficult to count the actual number of believers. However, after the collapse of communism in numerous countries of Eastern Europe and the former [[Soviet Union]], religious life has been experiencing resurgence there, in the form of traditional [[Eastern Christianity]].<ref name="Pew Research Center1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2018/10/29/eastern-and-western-europeans-differ-on-importance-of-religion-views-of-minorities-and-key-social-issues/|title=Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues|work=Pew Research Center|date=October 29, 2018}}</ref> While, Islam however has gained considerably in the Soviet Unions former republics in [[Central Asia]].
Following is some available data based on the work of the ''[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]'':<ref>The results have been studied and found "highly correlated with other sources of data", but "consistently gave a higher estimate for percent Christian in comparison to other cross-national data sets." {{cite journal | last1 = Hsu | first1 = Becky | last2 = Reynolds | first2 = Amy | last3 = Hackett | first3 = Conrad | last4 = Gibbon | first4 = James | title = Estimating the Religious Composition of All Nations | journal = Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion | volume = 47 | issue = 4 | pages = 678–693 | date = 9 July 2008 | url = http://www.princeton.edu/~bhsu/Hsu2008.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100326175049/http://www.princeton.edu/~bhsu/Hsu2008.pdf |archive-date = 26 March 2010|url-status=dead | doi= 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2008.00435.x }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Trends in annual growth of adherence
!1970–1985<ref name="whoare">{{cite news | last = International Community | first = Baháʼí | author-link = Baháʼí International Community | title = How many Baháʼís are there? | magazine = The Baháʼís | page = 14 | year = 1992 | url = http://www.bahai.com/thebahais/pg14.htm }}</ref>
!1990–2000<ref name="worldchristianencyclopedia">{{cite book | url = http://www.bible.ca/global-religion-statistics-world-christian-encyclopedia.htm | first = David A. |last = Barrett | year = 2001 | title = World Christian Encyclopedia | page = 4 | isbn = 978-0-19-507963-0| archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5xz7V0tX7?url=http://www.bible.ca/global-religion-statistics-world-christian-encyclopedia.htm | archive-date = 16 April 2011| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Global adherents of the World's 19 distinct major religions| year = 2001 |publisher = William Carey Library | first = David |last = Barrett |author2=Johnson, Todd | access-date = 12 October 2006 | url =http://www.gordonconwell.edu/ockenga/globalchristianity/gd/wct-1-2.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080228224811/http://www.gordonconwell.edu/ockenga/globalchristianity/gd/wct-1-2.pdf |archive-date = 28 February 2008}}</ref>
!2000–2005<ref>{{cite news | title = The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions | work = [[Foreign Policy]] | publisher = [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] | date = May 2007 | url = https://foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 }}</ref>
|-
|2.74%: Islam
|2.13%: Islam
|1.84%: Islam
|-
|3.65%: Baháʼí Faith
|2.28%: Baháʼí Faith
|1.70%: Baháʼí Faith
|-
|2.34%: Hinduism
|1.69%: Hinduism
|1.57%: Hinduism
|-
|1.64%: Christianity
|1.36%: Christianity
|1.32%: Christianity
|-
|1.09%: Judaism
|1.87%: Judaism
|1.62%: Judaism
|-
|1.67%: Buddhism
|1.09%: Buddhism
|
|-
|
|2.65%: Zoroastrianism
|
|-
|
|The annual growth in the world<br /> population over the same period<br /> is 1.41%.
|
|}
Studies conducted by the [[Pew Research Center]] have found that, generally, poorer nations had a larger proportion of citizens who found religion to be very important than richer nations, with the exceptions of the United States<ref name="Pew2002">{{cite web
|title=Among Wealthy Nations U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion
|access-date=12 October 2006 |author=Pew Research Center
|publisher=Pew Research Center
|url=http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167
|date=19 December 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008020254/http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167
|archive-date=8 October 2006 |url-status=live
}}</ref> and Kuwait.<ref>{{cite web | title = Income and Religiosity | access-date = 14 September 2009 | author = Pew Research Center | url = http://benmuse.typepad.com/ben_muse/2008/01/wealth-and-reli.html | date = 1 January 2008}}</ref>
==Marriage==
The average age of marriage varies greatly from country to country and has varied through time. Women tend to marry earlier than men and currently varies from 17.6 for women in [[Niger]], to 32.4 for women in [[Denmark]] while men range from 22.6 in [[Mozambique]] to 35.1 in [[Sweden]].<ref name="UNECE">United Nations Economic Commission for Europe [http://w3.unece.org/pxweb/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=052_GEFHAge1stMarige_r&ti=Mean+Age+at+First+Marriage+by+Sex%2C+Country+and+Year&path=../DATABASE/Stat/30-GE/02-Families_households/&lang=1 "Mean age at first marriage by sex"]. Accessed 21 May 2011.</ref>
== Age structure ==
{{Main|Population pyramid|List of countries by median age}}
According to the 2021 [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]], around 25% of the world's population is below 15 years of age.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ Age structure of the world] – 2021 [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]</ref>
* 0–14 years: 25.2% (male 1,010,373,278/female 946,624,579)<ref name="cia world" />
* 15–64 years: 65.1% (male 2,562,946,384/female 2,498,562,457)<ref name="cia world" />
* 65 years and over: 9.7% (male 337,244,947/female 415,884,753) (2021 est.)<ref name="cia world" />
* Median Age – 31 years (male: 30.3 years, female: 31.8 years, 2021 est.)
According to a report by the [[Global Social Change Research Project]], worldwide, the percent of the population age 0–14 declined from 34% in 1950 to 27% in 2010. The elderly population (60+) increased during the same period from 8% to 11%.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shackman|first1=Gene|last2=Wang|first2=Xun|last3=Liu|first3=Yalin|title=Brief Review of World Demographic Trends Trends in Age Distributions|url=http://gsociology.icaap.org/report/demsumAging.html|website=The Global Social Change Research Project|access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|+<center>'''Median age by continent, 2018'''<ref name="visualcapitalist.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-the-median-age-of-every-continent/|title=Mapped: The Median Age of the Population on Every Continent|website=Visual Capitalist|author=Jeff Desjardins|date=15 February 2019}}</ref></center>
|-
! Region !! Median age
|-
|Asia|| 31 yo
|-
|Africa|| 18 yo
|-
|Europe|| 42 yo
|-
|North America|| 35 yo
|-
|South America|| 31 yo
|-
|Oceania|| 33 yo
|}
{|class="wikitable"
|+<center>'''Select age groups by continent, 2018'''<ref name="visualcapitalist.com"/></center>
|-
! Region !!Under 15 years<br />(proportion of population) !!Over 65 years<br />(proportion of population)
|-
|Asia|| 24%||8%
|-
|Africa|| 41%||3%
|-
|Europe|| 16%||18%
|-
|Latin America-Caribbean||26%||8%
|-
|North America|| 19%||15%
|-
|Oceania|| 23%||12%
|-
|World|| 26%||9%
|}
[[File:2017 world map, median age by country.svg|thumb|center|upright=2.30|[[Median age]] by country as of 2017. A youth bulge is evident for [[Demographics of Africa|Africa]], and to a lesser extent for West Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of the Americas.]]
== Population growth rate ==
{{Main|Population growth}}
[[File:World population growth rate 1950–2050.svg|thumb|left|upright=1.60|Growth rate of world population (1950–2010) <br />The sharp decline in world population growth in the early 1960s caused primarily by the [[Great Chinese Famine]]]]
Globally, the [[Population growth rate|growth rate]] of the [[World population|human population]] has been declining since peaking in 1962 and 1963 at 2.20% per annum. In 2009, the estimated annual growth rate was 1.1%.<ref name="census1">[https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php U.S. Census Bureau, January 2010] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701122431/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php |date=1 July 2009 }}</ref> The [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.915%, 0.812%, and 1.092% respectively<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ World Factbook]</ref> The last one hundred years have seen a rapid increase in population due to [[History of medicine#Modern medicine|medical advances]] and massive increase in agricultural productivity<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4994590.stm |title=The end of India's green revolution? |work=BBC News |date=29 May 2006 |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> made possible by the [[Green Revolution]].<ref>[http://www.foodfirst.org/media/opeds/2000/4-greenrev.html Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714215036/http://www.foodfirst.org/media/opeds/2000/4-greenrev.html |date=14 July 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0724/p01s01-wogi.html | title=Rising food prices curb aid to global poor| journal=The Christian Science Monitor| date=24 July 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_1011078.shtml |title=Irish business news |work=Finfacts |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref>
[[File:1 world map 2010-2015 population increase rate by country.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.25|2010–2015 net population increase rate, per 1000 people]]
The actual annual growth in the number of humans fell from its peak of 88.0 million in 1989, to a low of 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. Since then, annual growth has declined. In 2009, the human population increased by 74.6 million, which is projected to fall steadily to about 41 million per annum in 2050, at which time the population will have increased to about 9.2 billion.<ref name="census1"/> Each region of the globe has seen great reductions in growth rate in recent decades, though growth rates remain above 2% in some countries of the [[Middle East]] and [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], and also in [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], and [[Latin America]].<ref>[https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php U.S. Census Bureau, June 2009] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701122431/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php |date=1 July 2009 }}</ref>
Some countries experienced [[Population decline|negative population growth]], especially in [[Eastern Europe]] mainly due to low [[fertility rate]]s, high death rates and [[emigration]]. In [[Southern Africa]], growth is slowing due to the high number of [[HIV]]-related deaths. Some [[Western Europe]] countries might also encounter negative population growth.<ref>[http://esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp?panel=2 UN population projections] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5tpNJ6FqS?url=http://esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp?panel=2 |date=28 October 2010 }}</ref> [[Japan]]'s population began decreasing in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jan/02/japan-population |title=Japan sees biggest population fall |work=The Guardian |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref>
Population in the world increased from 1990 to 2008 with 1,423 billion and 27% growth. Measured by persons, the increase was highest in [[India]] (290 million) and China (192 million). Population growth was highest in [[Qatar]] (174%) and [[United Arab Emirates]] (140%).<ref name=IEApop2011>[http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion] Population 1971–2008 IEA ([http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf |date=6 January 2012 }} pages 83–85)</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Rank
!Country
!Population (thousands)<br />1990
!Population (thousands)<br />2010
!Growth (%)<br />1990–2010
|-
|
| {{noflag}} World
| 5,306,425
| 6,895,889
| 30.0%
|-
| 1
| {{flag|China}}
| 1,145,195
| 1,341,335
| 17.1%
|-
| 2
| {{flag|India}}
| 873,785
| 1,224,614
| 40.2%
|-
| 3
| {{flag|United States}}
| 253,339
| 310,384
| 22.5%
|-
| 4
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| 184,346
| 239,871
| 30.1%
|-
| 5
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| 149,650
| 194,946
| 30.3%
|-
| 6
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| 111,845
| 173,593
| 55.2%
|-
| 7
| {{flag|Nigeria}}
| 97,552
| 158,423
| 62.4%
|-
| 8
| {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| 105,256
| 148,692
| 41.3%
|-
| 9
| {{flag|Russia}}
| 148,244
| 142,958
| −3.6%
|-
| 10
| {{flag|Japan}}
| 126,536
| 122,251
| −3.5%
|}
==Birth count==
Data required on total number of births per year, and distribution by country.
==Birth rate==
{{main|List of sovereign states and dependent territories by birth rate}}
[[File:Countries by Birth Rate in 2017.svg|thumb|center|upright=3.0|{{center|Countries by birth rate in 2017}}]]
As of 2009, the average birth rate (unclear whether this is the weighted average rate per country [with each country getting a weight of 1], or the unweighted average of the entire world population) for the whole world is 19.95 per year per 1000 total population, a 0.48% decline from 2003's world birth rate of 20.43 per 1000 total population.
<div>
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:left"
|+ World historical and predicted crude birth rates (1950–2050) <br /><small>UN, medium variant, 2008 rev.</small><ref>[http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=world+population&d=PopDiv&f=variableID%3A53%3BcrID%3A900 UNdata: Crude birth rate (per 1,000 population)]</ref>
|-
!Years!!CBR!!Years!!CBR
|-
|1950–1955||align=center|37.2||2000–2005||align=center|21.2
|-
||1955–1960||align=center|35.3||2005–2010||align=center|20.3
|-
||1960–1965||align=center|34.9||2010–2015||align=center|19.4
|-
||1965–1970||align=center|33.4||2015–2020||align=center|18.2
|-
||1970–1975||align=center|30.8||2020–2025||align=center|16.9
|-
||1975–1980||align=center|28.4||2025–2030||align=center|15.8
|-
||1980–1985||align=center|27.9||2030–2035||align=center|15.0
|-
||1985–1990||align=center|27.3||2035–2040||align=center|14.5
|-
||1990–1995||align=center|24.7||2040–2045||align=center|14.0
|-
||1995–2000||align=center|22.5||2045–2050||align=center|13.4
|}
</div>
According to the [[The World Factbook|CIA – The World Factbook]], the country with the highest birth rate currently is Niger at 51.26 births per 1000 people. The country with the lowest birth rate is Japan at 7.64 births per 1000 people. Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of China, is at 7.42 births per 1000 people. As compared to the 1950s, birth rate was at 36 births per 1000 in the 1950s,<ref>[http://www.uneca.org/eca_programmes/food_security_and_sustainability/programme_overview/population/fertility/crude_world.htm Uneca.org: Crude Birth Rates – The World and its Major Regions, 1950–2050] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816073652/http://www.uneca.org/eca_programmes/food_security_and_sustainability/programme_overview/population/fertility/crude_world.htm |date=16 August 2011 }}</ref> birth rate has declined by 16 births per 1000 people. In July 2011, the U.S. National Institutes of Health announced that the adolescent birth rate continues to decline.<ref>[http://www.nih.gov/news/health/jul2011/nichd-07.htm Federal report shows drop in adolescent birth rate, July 7, 2011 News Release – National Institutes of Health (NIH)]</ref>
Birth rates vary even within the same geographic areas. In Europe, as of July 2011, Ireland's birth rate is 16.5 percent, which is 3.5 percent higher than the next-ranked country, the UK. France has a birth rate of 12.8 per cent while Sweden is at 12.3 percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thejournal.ie/ireland-has-one-of-highest-birth-and-lowest-death-rates-in-eu-189080-Jul2011/ |title=Ireland has one of highest birth and lowest death rates in EU |work=Thejournal.ie |date=29 July 2011 |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> In July 2011, the UK's Office for National Statistics (ONS) announced a 2.4% increase in live births in the UK in 2010 alone.<ref name="guardian1">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/jul/13/more-midwives-birth-rate-40-year-high |title=Call for more midwives as birth rate reaches 40-year high |work=The Guardian |date=13 July 2011 |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> This is the highest birth rate in the UK in 40 years.<ref name="guardian1"/> By contrast, the birth rate in Germany is only 8.3 per 1,000, which is so low that both the UK and France, which have significantly smaller populations, produced more births in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/health/2011/0809/1224302081071.html |title=Germany faces up to its kinder surprise |work=The Irish Times |date=9 June 2018 |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> Birth rates also vary within the same geographic area, based on different demographic groups. For example, in April 2011, the U.S. CDC announced that the birth rate for women over the age of 40 in the U.S. rose between 2007 and 2009, while it fell among every other age group during the same time span.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/04/01/cdc.births.decline/index.html |title=CDC records rise in birth rate for women over 40 |work=CNN.com |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> In August 2011, Taiwan's government announced that its birth rate declined in the previous year, despite the fact that it implemented a host of approaches to encourage its citizens to have babies.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14525525 |title=Taiwanese birth rate plummets despite measures |work=BBC News |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref>
Birth rates ranging from 10 to 20 births per 1000 are considered low, while rates from 40 to 50 births per 1000 are considered high. There are problems associated with both an extremely high birth rate and an extremely low birth rate. High birth rates can cause stress on the government welfare and family programs to support a youthful population. Additional problems faced by a country with a high birth rate include educating a growing number of children, creating jobs for these children when they enter the workforce, and dealing with the environmental effects that a large population can produce. Low birth rates can put stress on the government to provide adequate senior welfare systems and also the stress on families to support the elders themselves. There will be less children or working age population to support the constantly growing aging population.
The ten countries with the highest and lowest crude birth rate, according to the 2018 [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] estimates, are:<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/345.html CIA World Factbook – Birth Rate]</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;"
! Rank<br />(2018)!! Country !! Highest [[birth rate]]s <br /> (annual births/1000 persons)
|-
| 1 || {{flag|Angola}} || 43.70
|-
| 2 || {{flag|Niger}} || 43.60
|-
| 3 || {{flag|Mali}} || 43.20
|-
| 4 || {{flag|Chad}} || 43.00
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Uganda}} || 42.40
|-
| 6 || {{flag|Zambia}} || 41.10
|-
| 7 || {{flag|Burundi}} || 40.90
|-
| 8 || {{flag|Malawi}} || 40.70
|-
| 9 || {{flag|Somalia}} || 39.30
|-
| 10 || {{flag|Liberia}} || 37.90
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;"
! Rank<br />(2018)!! Country !! Lowest birth rates <br /> (annual births/1000 persons){{efn|This list includes only independent countries, not regions.}}
|-
| 1 || {{flag|Monaco}} || 6.50
|-
| 2 || {{flag|Andorra}} || 7.30
|-
| 3 || {{flag|Japan}} || 7.50
|-
| 4 || {{flag|Portugal}} || 8.20
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Taiwan}} || 8.20
|-
| 6 || {{flag|Greece}} || 8.30
|-
| 7 || {{flag|South Korea}} || 8.30
|-
| 8 || {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 8.50
|-
| 9 || {{flag|Italy}} || 8.50
|-
| 10 || {{flag|Germany}} || 8.60
|}
{{col-end}}
== Death rate ==
The ten countries with the highest and lowest crude death rate, according to the 2018 [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] estimates, are:<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/346rank.html CIA World Factbook – Death Rate]</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;"
! Rank<br />(2018)!! Country !! Highest [[death rate]]s <br /> (annual deaths/1000 persons)
|-
| 1 || {{flag|South Sudan}} || 19.30
|-
| 2 || {{flag|Lesotho}} || 15.10
|-
| 3 || {{flag|Lithuania}} || 14.80
|-
| 4 || {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 14.50
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Latvia}} || 14.50
|-
| 6 || {{flag|Ukraine}} || 14.30
|-
| 7 || {{flag|Serbia}} || 13.60
|-
| 8 || {{flag|Russia}} || 13.40
|-
| 9 || {{flag|Afghanistan}} || 13.20
|-
| 10 || {{flag|Belarus}} || 13.20
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;"
! Rank<br />(2018)!! Country !! Lowest death rates <br /> (annual deaths/1000 persons){{efn|This list includes only independent countries, not regions.}}
|-
| 1 || {{flag|Qatar}} || 1.60
|-
| 2 || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 1.70
|-
| 3 || {{flag|Kuwait}} || 2.30
|-
| 4 || {{flag|Bahrain}} || 2.80
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Oman}} || 3.30
|-
| 6 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 3.30
|-
| 7 || {{flag|Jordan}} || 3.40
|-
| 8 || {{flag|Singapore}} || 3.50
|-
| 9 || {{flag|Brunei}} || 3.70
|-
| 10 || {{flag|Libya}} || 3.70
|}
{{col-end}}
<div>
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:left"
|+ World historical and predicted crude death rates (1950–2050) <br /><small>UN, medium variant, 2008 rev.</small><ref>[http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=PopDiv&f=variableID%3A65 UNdata: Crude death rate (per 1,000 population)]</ref>
|-
!Years!!CDR!!Years!!CDR
|-
|1950–1955||align=center|19.5||2000–2005||align=center|8.6
|-
||1955–1960||align=center|17.3||2005–2010||align=center|8.5
|-
||1960–1965||align=center|15.5||2010–2015||align=center|8.3
|-
||1965–1970||align=center|13.2||2015–2020||align=center|8.3
|-
||1970–1975||align=center|11.4||2020–2025||align=center|8.3
|-
||1975–1980||align=center|10.7||2025–2030||align=center|8.5
|-
||1980–1985||align=center|10.3||2030–2035||align=center|8.8
|-
||1985–1990||align=center|9.7||2035–2040||align=center|9.2
|-
||1990–1995||align=center|9.4||2040–2045||align=center|9.6
|-
||1995–2000||align=center|8.9||2045–2050||align=center|10
|}
</div>
See [[list of countries by death rate]] for worldwide statistics.
According to the [[World Health Organization]], the 10 leading [[causes of death]] in 2002 were:
<!-- ref: http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2004/annex/topic/en/annex_2_en.pdf -->
# 12.6% [[Ischemic heart disease]]
# 9.7% [[Cerebrovascular disease]]
# 6.8% [[Lower respiratory infection]]s
# 4.9% [[HIV/AIDS]]
# 4.8% [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
# 3.2% [[Diarrhoeal disease]]s
# 2.7% [[Tuberculosis]]
# 2.2% [[Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers]]
# 2.2% [[Malaria]]
# 2.1% [[Road traffic accidents]]
Causes of death vary greatly between first and third world countries.
According to [[Jean Ziegler]] (the [[United Nations]] Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food for 2000 to March 2008), mortality due to [[malnutrition]] accounted for 58% of the total mortality in 2006: "In the world, approximately 62 millions people, all causes of death combined, die each year. In 2006, more than 36 millions died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in [[micronutrients]]".<ref name=Ziegler>[[Jean Ziegler]], ''[[L'Empire de la honte]]'', Fayard, 2007 {{ISBN|978-2-253-12115-2}}, p.130.</ref>
Of the roughly 150,000 people who died each day across the globe, about two-thirds—100,000 per day—died of age-related causes in 2001, according to an article which counts all deaths "due to causes that kill hardly anyone under the age of 40" as age-related.<ref name="doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011">{{cite journal | last = Aubrey D.N.J | first = de Grey | author-link = Aubrey de Grey | title = Life Span Extension Research and Public Debate: Societal Considerations | journal = Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology | volume = 1 | issue = 1, Article 5 | year = 2007 | url = http://www.sens.org/files/pdf/ENHANCE-PP.pdf | doi = 10.2202/1941-6008.1011 | access-date = 7 August 2011 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.395.745 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161013163622/http://www.sens.org/files/pdf/ENHANCE-PP.pdf | archive-date = 13 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>{{better source needed|| reference uses an extremely broad definition of "age-related" deaths, including even traffic accidents due to poor eyesight|date=June 2018}} In industrialized nations, the proportion was even higher according to that article, reaching 90%.<ref name="doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011"/>
== Total fertility rate ==
{{See also|List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate}}
There is an inverse correlation between [[income and fertility]], wherein [[Developed country|developed countries]] usually have a much lower [[fertility rate]]. Various [[fertility factor (demography)|fertility factors]] may be involved, such as education and urbanization. [[Mortality rate]]s are low, [[birth control]] is understood and easily accessible, and costs are often deemed very high because of education, clothing, feeding, and social amenities. With wealth, contraception becomes affordable. However, in countries like Iran where contraception was made artificially affordable before the economy accelerated, birth rate also rapidly declined. Further, longer periods of time spent getting higher education often mean women have children later in life.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gallagher|first=James|date=15 July 2020|title='Jaw-dropping' world fertility rate crash expected|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-53409521|access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref> Female labor participation rate also has substantial negative impact on fertility. However, this effect is neutralized among Nordic or liberalist countries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://homepage3.nifty.com/sociology/motion.html |title=Graph Charts of TFR and FLR using Google Motion Chart using World Bank's World Development Index. |access-date=2 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827110525/http://homepage3.nifty.com/sociology/motion.html |archive-date=27 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{elucidate|date=November 2012}}
In [[undeveloped countries]] on the other hand, families desire children for their labour and as caregivers for their parents in old age. Fertility rates are also higher due to the lack of access to [[contraceptives]], generally lower levels of [[female education]], and lower rates of female employment in industry.
;[[Total fertility rate]]s by region, 2010–2015:
Total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman.
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
|-
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" |Total Fertility Rate (2010–2015)<ref>{{cite conference |conference=Expert Group Meeting on Changing Population Age Structures and Sustainable Development New York, 13–14 October 2016 |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/events/pdf/expert/25/2016-EGM_Nicole%20Mun%20Sam%20Lai.pdf |title=Global Population Age Structures and Sustainable Development |author=Nicole Mun Sim Lai |date=14 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
|World
|2.5
|-
|Africa
|4.7
|-
|Sub-Saharan Africa
|5.1
|-
|Western Africa
|5.5
|-
|Middle Africa
|5.8
|-
|Eastern Africa
|4.9
|-
|Northern Africa
|3.3
|-
|Southern Africa
|2.5
|-
|Oceania
|2.4
|-
|Asia
|2.2
|-
|Europe
|1.6
|-
|Latin America-Caribbean
|2.2
|-
|North America
|1.9
|}
==Health==
[[File:Expectancy of life CIA2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.25|[[Life expectancy]] (as of 2016) varies greatly from country to country. It is lowest in certain countries in [[Africa]] and higher in [[Japan]], [[Australia]] and [[Spain]].<ref name="WHO2016">{{cite web |title=World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs Annex B: tables of health statistics by country, WHO region and globally |publisher=World Health Organization |url=https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2016/EN_WHS2016_AnnexB.pdf |page=110 |date=2016 |access-date=3 August 2018}}</ref>
{| style="width:100%;"
|-
| valign=top |
{{legend|#0000CD|>80}}
{{legend|#4169E1|77.5–80}}
{{legend|#00BFFF|75–77.5}}
{{legend|#3CB371|72.5–75}}
{{legend|#32CD32|70–72.5}}
| valign=top |
{{legend|#ADFF2F|67.5–70}}
{{legend|#FFFF00|65–67.5}}
{{legend|#FFD700|60–65}}
{{legend|#FF8C00|55–60}}
{{legend|#FF4500|50–55}}
|}]]
The average number of hospital beds per 1,000 population is 2.94. It is highest in Switzerland (18.3) and lowest in Mexico (1.1)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_hos_bed-health-hospital-beds |title=Countries Compared by Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people. International Statistics at |publisher=Nationmaster.com |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref>
96% of the urban population has access to improved drinking water, while only 78% of rural inhabitants have improved drinking water. A total average of 87% of urban and rural have access to improved drinking water.
4% of the urban population does not have access to improved drinking water, leaving 22% of rural people without improved drinking water with a total world population of 13% not having access to drinking water.
76% of the urban population has access to sanitation facilities, while only 45% of the rural population has access. A total world average of 39% do not have access to sanitation facilities.
As of 2009, there are an estimated 33.3 million people living with HIV/AIDS, which is approximately 0.8% of the world population, and there have been an estimated 1.8 million deaths attributed to HIV/AIDS.
As of 2010, 925 million people are undernourished.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/en/ |title=SOFI | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2021 |publisher=FAO |doi=10.4060/CB4474EN |isbn=978-92-5-134325-8 |s2cid=241785130 |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref>
Life Expectancy at Birth:
* total population: 71.4 years
* male: 69.1 years
* female: 73.8 years (2015 est.)<ref name="WHO2016"/>
Infant Mortality
* total: 41.61 deaths/1,000 live births
* male: 43.52 deaths/1,000 live births
* female: 39.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
{| class="wikitable"
|+World historical and predicted total life expectancy at birth (1950–2050) <br /><small>UN, 2017 rev.</small><ref>{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|website=esa.un.org|access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref>
!Years
!LEB
!Years
!LEB
|-
|1950–1955
|47.9
|2000–2005
|67.2
|-
|1955–1960
|49.3
|2005–2010
|69.1
|-
|1960–1965
|51.2
|2010–2015
|70.8
|-
|1965–1970
|55.5
|2015–2020
|72.0
|-
|1970–1975
|58.1
|2020–2025
|73.0
|-
|1975–1980
|60.3
|2025–2030
|73.8
|-
|1980–1985
|62.1
|2030–2035
|74.7
|-
|1985–1990
|63.7
|2035–2040
|75.5
|-
|1990–1995
|64.6
|2040–2045
|76.2
|-
|1995–2000
|65.7
|2045–2050
|77.0
|}
== Sex ratio ==
[[File:Sex ratio total population.PNG|thumb|right|upright=1.25|Map indicating the human sex ratio by country.
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; background:none;"
|-
|valign="top"|
{{Legend|#E66771|Countries with more '''females''' than males.}}
{{Legend|#7CFC00|Countries with '''similar''' number of males and females.}}
{{Legend|#318CE7|Countries with more '''males''' than females.}}
{{Legend|Grey|No data}}
|}]]
The value for the entire [[world population]] is 1.02 males/female,<ref name="CIA Fact Book">{{cite web|title=CIA Fact Book |date=15 November 2021 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ |publisher=The Central Intelligence Agency of the United States }}</ref> with 1.07 at birth, 1.06 for those under 15, 1.02 for those between 15 and 64, and 0.78 for those over 65.
The [[Northern Mariana Islands]] have the highest female ratio with 0.77 males per female. [[Qatar]] has the highest male ratio, with 2.87 males/female. For the group aged below 15, [[Sierra Leone]] has the highest female ratio with 0.96 males/female, and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and China are tied for the highest male ratio with 1.13 males/female (according to the 2006 [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]).
The "[[First World]]" [[G7]] members all have a gender ratio in the range of 0.95–0.98 for the total population, of 1.05–1.07 at birth, of 1.05–1.06 for the group below 15, of 1.00–1.04 for the group aged 15–64, and of 0.70–0.75 for those over 65.
Countries on the [[Arabian Peninsula]] tend to have a "natural" ratio of about 1.05 at birth but a very high ratio of males for those over 65 ([[Saudi Arabia]] 1.13, [[United Arab Emirates]] 2.73, [[Qatar]] 2.84), indicating either an above-average mortality rate for females or a below-average mortality for males, or, more likely in this case, a large population of aging male [[foreign worker|guest workers]]. Conversely, countries of [[Eastern Europe]] (the [[Baltic states]], [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]], [[Russia]]) tend to have a "normal" ratio at birth but a very low ratio of males among those over 65 (Russia 0.46, Latvia 0.48, Ukraine 0.52); similarly, [[Armenia]] has a far above average male ratio at birth (1.17), and a below-average male ratio above 65 (0.67). This effect may be caused by [[human migration|emigration]] and higher male mortality as result of higher post-Soviet era deaths; it may also be related to the enormous (by western standards) rate of alcoholism in the former Soviet states. Another possible contributory factor is an aging population, with a higher than normal proportion of relatively elderly people: we recall that due to higher differential mortality rates the ratio of males to females reduces for each year of age.
==Unemployment rate==
8.7% (2010 est.)
8.2% (2009 est.)
note: 30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%–12% unemployment (2007 est.)
== Languages ==
[[File:Primary Human Languages Improved Version.png|thumb|right|upright=1.25|Primary language families of the world (and in some cases geographic groups of families). For greater detail, see ''[[:Distribution of languages in the world|Distribution of languages in the world]]''.]]
{{Main|Language family}}
Worldwide, [[English language|English]] is used widely as a [[lingua franca]] and can be seen to be the dominant language at this time. The world's largest language by native speakers is [[Mandarin Chinese]] which is a [[first language]] of around 960 million people, or 12.44% of the population, predominantly in [[Greater China]]. [[Spanish language|Spanish]] is spoken by around 330 to 400 million people, predominantly in the [[Americas]] and [[Spain]]. Hindustani is spoken by about 370 to 420 million speakers, mostly in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. [[Arabic language|Arabic]] is spoken by around 280 million people. [[Bengali language|Bengali]] is spoken by around 250 million people worldwide, predominantly in [[Bangladesh]] and India. [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] is spoken by about 230 million speakers in [[Portugal]], [[Brazil]], [[East Timor]], and [[Southern Africa]].
There are numerous other languages, grouped into nine major families:
# [[Indo-European languages]] 46% ([[Europe]], [[Western Asia]], [[South Asia]], [[North Asia]], [[North America]], [[South America]], and [[Oceania]])
# [[Sino-Tibetan languages]] 21% ([[East Asia]], [[Mainland Southeast Asia]], and [[South Asia]])
# [[Niger–Congo languages]] 6.4% ([[Sub-Saharan Africa]])
# [[Afro-Asiatic languages]] 6.0% ([[North Africa]] to [[Horn of Africa]], and [[Western Asia]])
# [[Austronesian languages]] 5.9% ([[Oceania]], [[Madagascar]], and [[Maritime Southeast Asia]])
# [[Dravidian languages]] 3.7% ([[South Asia]])
# [[Altaic languages]] (controversial combination of Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic families) 2.3% ([[Central Asia]], [[North Asia]] ([[Siberia]]), and [[Anatolia]]){{efn|1=Since the Mongolic and Tungusic language families have only a relatively small number of speakers, the majority of the Altaic percentage represents speakers of Turkic languages.}}
# [[Austroasiatic languages]] 1.7% ([[Mainland Southeast Asia]])
# [[Tai–Kadai languages]] 1.3% ([[Southeast Asia]])
There are also hundreds of [[List of sign languages|non-verbal sign languages]].
==Education==
[[File:World map of countries by literacy rate.svg|300px|thumb|World map of countries shaded according to the literacy rate for all people aged 15 and over, as of 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uis.unesco.org/DataCentre/Excel/LITEA/Metadata%20on%20literacy%20-%20M%C3%A9tadonn%C3%A9es%20sur%20l%E2%80%99alphab%C3%A9tisme.xlsx|title=Literacy Statistics Metadata Information Table|publisher=[[UNESCO Institute for Statistics]]|date=September 2015|access-date=19 November 2015}}</ref>]]
Total population: 83.7% over the age of 15 [[List of countries by literacy rate|can read and write]], 88.3% male and 79.2% female{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
note: over two-thirds of the world's 793 million illiterate adults are found in only eight countries (Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan); of all the illiterate adults in the world, two-thirds are women; extremely low literacy rates are concentrated in three regions, the Arab states, South and West Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, where around one-third of the men and half of all women are illiterate (2005–09 est.){{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
As of 2008, the school life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) for a man or woman is 11 years.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
==See also==
{{col div|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Demographics of Africa]]
* [[Demographics of Antarctica]]
* [[Demographics of Asia]]
* [[Demographics of Europe]]
* [[North America#Demographics|Demographics of North America]]
** [[List of Caribbean countries by population]]
* [[Demographics of Oceania]]
* [[Demographics of South America]]
* [[World population]]
{{colend}}
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
{{reflist|group=fn|refs=
}}
==References==
{{reference style|date=September 2016}}
{{reflist}}
{{Demographics by continent}}
{{Lists of countries by population statistics}}
{{Population}}
[[Category:Demographics]]
[[Category:World]]
[[Category:Earth]]
[[Category:Global culture]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,66 +1,9 @@
{{Short description|Global human population statistics}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
-
-[[Earth]] has a human population of 7.9 billion, with an overall [[population density]] of 50 people per km<sup>2</sup> (130 per sq. mile), excluding [[Antarctica]]. Nearly 60% of the world's population lives in [[Asia]], with more than 2.7 billion in the countries of [[China]] and [[India]] combined. The percentage share of India, China and rest of South Asia in world population have remained on similar levels for the last few thousands years of recorded history.<ref>{{cite web |title=China's Population 1.4 billion 2020 |website=[[ABC News]]|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/china-population-now-14-billion-birthrate-falls-68348982}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India Population 1.38 billion UN Data Estimate |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/india-population/#:~:text=The%20current%20population%20of%20India,of%20the%20total%20world%20population.}}</ref> The world's [[literacy]] rate has increased dramatically in the last 40 years, from 66.7% in 1979 to 86.3% today.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?end=2018&start=2018&view=bar|title=Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> Lower literacy levels are mostly attributable to [[poverty]]{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}. Lower literacy rates are mostly found in [[South Asia]] and [[Sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/262886/illiteracy-rates-by-world-regions/|title=Illiteracy rates by world region 2016|website=Statista|language=en|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> The world's largest ethnic group is [[Han Chinese]], with [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] being the world's most spoken language in terms of native speakers.
-
-The world's population is predominantly urban and suburban,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ritchie |first=Hannah |last2=Roser |first2=Max |date=2018-06-13 |title=Urbanization |url=https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization |journal=Our World in Data}}</ref> and there has been significant migration toward cities and urban centres. The urban population jumped from 29% in 1950 to 55.3% in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?end=2018&start=2018&view=bar|title=Urban population (% of total population) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="cia world">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ CIA.gov World Factbook – World Statistics]</ref> Interpolating from the United Nations prediction that the world will be 51.3 percent urban by 2010, Ron Wimberley, Libby Morris and Gregory Fulkerson estimated 23 May 2007 would have been the first time the urban population outnumbered the rural population in history.<ref>[http://www.gizmag.com/go/7334/ World Population Becomes More Urban That Rural]</ref> [[China]] and [[India]] are the most populous countries,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html |title=Country Comparison :: Population |access-date=28 September 2011 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |year=2008 }}</ref> as the [[birth rate]] has consistently dropped in developed countries and until recently remained high in developing countries. [[Tokyo]] is the [[List of metropolitan areas by population|largest urban conglomeration]] in the world.<ref name="cia world"/><ref name=geohive>{{cite web | url=http://www.geohive.com/earth/cy_notagg.aspx | title=Cities: largest (without surrounding suburban areas) | publisher=Geohive | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205222859/http://www.geohive.com/earth/cy_notagg.aspx | archive-date=5 December 2016 }}</ref>
-
-As of 2017, the [[total fertility rate]] of the world is estimated at 2.43<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?end=2017&start=2017&view=bar|title=Fertility rate, total (births per woman) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> children per woman, which is above the global average for the [[replacement fertility rate]] of approximately 2.33 (as of 2003),<ref name= variation>{{cite journal|title=The surprising global variation in replacement fertility|vauthors=Espenshade TJ, Guzman JC, Westoff CF |year=2003|journal=Population Research and Policy Review | volume=22 |page=575 |doi=10.1023/B:POPU.0000020882.29684.8e |issue=5/6|s2cid=10798893 }}, Introduction and Table 1, p. 580</ref> meaning the world's population is growing. However, world [[population growth]] is unevenly distributed, with the total fertility rate ranging from one of the world's lowest 0.83 in [[Singapore]], to the highest, 6.49 in [[Niger]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html|title=The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> The [[United Nations]] estimated an annual population increase of 1.14% for the year of 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html |title=Census.gov |publisher=Census.gov |date=7 January 2009 |access-date=1 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823141629/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html |archive-date=23 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-The current world population growth is approximately 1.09%.<ref name="cia world"/> People under 18 years of age made up over a quarter of the world population (29.3%), and people age 65 and over made up less than one-tenth (7.9%) in 2011.<ref name="cia world" />
-<!---There are approximately 3.38 billion females in the World. The number of males is about 3.41 billion. --->
-
-The world population more than tripled during the 20th century from about 1.65 billion in 1900 to 5.97 billion in 1999.<ref name="esa">[http://esa.un.org/unpp World Population Prospects]: The 2008 Revision Population Database {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5EykhvsD5?url=http://esa.un.org/unpp |date=7 April 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm |title=The World at |publisher=Un.org |date=12 October 1999 |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html |title=Population Growth over Human History |publisher=Globalchange.umich.edu |access-date=1 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101452/http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html |archive-date=24 July 2011 }}</ref> It reached the 2 billion mark in 1927, the 3 billion mark in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, and 5 billion in 1987.<ref>[http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0883352.html World Population Milestones]</ref> The overall population of the world is approximately 7.8 billion as of December 2018. Currently, population growth is fastest among low wealth, [[least developed countries]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/factsheets/pid/3856 |title=United Nations Population Fund |publisher=UNFPA |date=13 May 1968 |access-date=6 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822015619/http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/factsheets/pid/3856 |archive-date=22 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The UN projects a world population of 9.15 billion in 2050, which is a 32.69% increase from 2010 (6.89 billion).<ref name="esa" />
-
-== History ==
-[[File:Illustration of contemporary and past human populations Our World in Data.png|thumb|Comparison of humans living today with all previous generations]]
-Historical migration of human populations begins with the movement of ''[[Homo erectus]]'' out of Africa across [[Eurasia]] about a million years ago. ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' appear to have occupied all of Africa about 300,000 years ago, moved out of Africa 50,000 – 60,000 years ago, and had spread across [[Prehistory of Australia|Australia]], [[History of Asia|Asia]] and [[Paleolithic Europe|Europe]] by 30,000 years BC. [[Models of migration to the New World|Migration to the Americas]] took place 20,000 to 15,000 years ago, and by 2,000 years ago, most of the [[Pacific Islands]] were colonized.
-
-Until c. 10,000 years ago, humans lived as [[hunter-gatherer]]s. They generally lived in small nomadic groups known as [[band societies]]. The advent of agriculture prompted the [[Neolithic Revolution]], when access to food surplus led to the formation of permanent [[human settlement]]s. About 6,000 years ago, the first proto-states developed in [[Mesopotamia]], [[Egypt]]'s [[Nile Valley]] and the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley]]. Early human settlements were dependent on proximity to [[water resources|water]] and, depending on the [[lifestyle (sociology)|lifestyle]], other [[natural resources]] used for [[subsistence economy|subsistence]]. But humans have a great capacity for altering their [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]] by means of technology.
-
-Since 1800, the [[human population]] has increased from one billion<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/411162.stm | access-date = 5 February 2008 | work=BBC News | title=World's population reaches six billion | date=5 August 1999}}</ref> to over seven billion,<ref name=7billpop>{{cite web|title=UN population estimates.|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/p2k0data.asp|work=Population Division, United Nations|access-date=4 July 2013}}</ref> In 2004, some 2.5 billion out of 6.3 billion people (39.7%) lived in [[urban area]]s. In February 2008, the U.N. estimated that half the world's population would live in [[urban area]]s by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4561183.stm | work=BBC News | first=David | last=Whitehouse | title=Half of humanity set to go urban | date=19 May 2005}}</ref> Problems for humans living in [[city|cities]] include various forms of pollution and [[crime]],<ref><!-- {{cite web|url=http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/usrv98.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825142912/http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/usrv98.htm |archive-date=25 August 2009 }} -->[http://www.webcitation.org/6ILFPzOQQ?url=http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/usrv98.pdf] Urban, Suburban, and Rural Victimization, 1993–98] U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics,. Accessed 29 October 2006</ref> especially in inner city and suburban [[slum]]s. Both overall population numbers and the proportion residing in cities are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades.<ref name=UN-pop-all>{{cite web|title=World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision|url=http://esa.un.org/unup/CD-ROM/Urban-Rural-Population.htm|work=Population Division, United Nations|access-date=4 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709002731/http://esa.un.org/unup/CD-ROM/Urban-Rural-Population.htm|archive-date=9 July 2013}}</ref>
-
-===World Population, AD 1–1998 (in thousands)===
-Source: Maddison and others. (University of Groningen).<ref name="ggdc.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/other_books/appendix_B.pdf|title=Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820|author=Maddison|website=[[University of Groningen]]}}</ref>
-{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"
-|-
-! scope="col" |Year
-! scope="col" |1
-! scope="col" |1000
-! scope="col" |1500
-! scope="col" |1600
-! scope="col" |1700
-! scope="col" |1820
-! scope="col" |1870
-! scope="col" |1913
-! scope="col" |1950
-! scope="col" |1973
-! scope="col" |1998
-|-
-|Western Europe
-|24 700
-|25 413
-|57 268
-|73 778
-|81 460
-|132 888
-|187 532
-|261 007
-|305 060
-|358 390
-|388 399
-|-
-|Eastern Europe<br />(excluding USSR countries)
-|4 750
-|6 500
-|13 500
-|16 950
-|18 800
-|36 415
-|52 182
-|79 604
-|87 289
-|110 490
-|121 006
-|-
+l=https://www.webcitation.org/5EykhvsD5?url=http://esa.un.org/unpp |date=7 April 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm |title=The World at |publisher=Un.org |date=12 October 1999 |access-date=1 August 2010}}< BlACK PEOPLE RuLE
+THEY CANA TAKE OVER THE WORLD
+YES
+NO
+MAYBE
|Former USSR
|3 900
@@ -69,47 +12,4 @@
|20 700
|26 550
-|54 765
-|88 672
-|156 192
-|180 050
-|249 748
-|290 866
-|-
-|'''Total Europe<br />(including USSR countries)'''
-|'''33 350'''
-|'''39 013'''
-|'''87 718'''
-|'''111 428'''
-|'''126 810'''
-|'''224 068'''
-|'''328 386'''
-|'''496 803'''
-|'''572 399'''
-|'''718 628'''
-|'''800 271'''
-|-
-|United States<ref>{{cite web |url=http://populstat.info/Americas/usac.htm |title=Archived copy |website=populstat.info |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723080909/http://populstat.info/Americas/usac.htm |archive-date=23 July 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
-|680
-|1 300
-|2 000
-|1 500
-|1 000
-|9 981
-|40 241
-|97 606
-|152 271
-|212 909
-|279 040
-|-
-|Other Western Offshoots
-|490
-|660
-|800
-|800
-|750
-|1 249
-|5 892
-|13 795
-|23 823
|39 036
|52 859
@@ -138,9 +38,10 @@
|14 970
|28 485
-|57 643
-|98 553
-|-
-|Other Latin America
-|3 400
+kpk
+pk
+pklkl;klk
+lkl;k'lk
+kl;'k
+
|6 900
|10 000
' |
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1 => '[[Earth]] has a human population of 7.9 billion, with an overall [[population density]] of 50 people per km<sup>2</sup> (130 per sq. mile), excluding [[Antarctica]]. Nearly 60% of the world's population lives in [[Asia]], with more than 2.7 billion in the countries of [[China]] and [[India]] combined. The percentage share of India, China and rest of South Asia in world population have remained on similar levels for the last few thousands years of recorded history.<ref>{{cite web |title=China's Population 1.4 billion 2020 |website=[[ABC News]]|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/china-population-now-14-billion-birthrate-falls-68348982}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India Population 1.38 billion UN Data Estimate |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/india-population/#:~:text=The%20current%20population%20of%20India,of%20the%20total%20world%20population.}}</ref> The world's [[literacy]] rate has increased dramatically in the last 40 years, from 66.7% in 1979 to 86.3% today.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?end=2018&start=2018&view=bar|title=Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> Lower literacy levels are mostly attributable to [[poverty]]{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}. Lower literacy rates are mostly found in [[South Asia]] and [[Sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/262886/illiteracy-rates-by-world-regions/|title=Illiteracy rates by world region 2016|website=Statista|language=en|access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> The world's largest ethnic group is [[Han Chinese]], with [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] being the world's most spoken language in terms of native speakers.',
2 => '',
3 => 'The world's population is predominantly urban and suburban,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ritchie |first=Hannah |last2=Roser |first2=Max |date=2018-06-13 |title=Urbanization |url=https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization |journal=Our World in Data}}</ref> and there has been significant migration toward cities and urban centres. The urban population jumped from 29% in 1950 to 55.3% in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?end=2018&start=2018&view=bar|title=Urban population (% of total population) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="cia world">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/ CIA.gov World Factbook – World Statistics]</ref> Interpolating from the United Nations prediction that the world will be 51.3 percent urban by 2010, Ron Wimberley, Libby Morris and Gregory Fulkerson estimated 23 May 2007 would have been the first time the urban population outnumbered the rural population in history.<ref>[http://www.gizmag.com/go/7334/ World Population Becomes More Urban That Rural]</ref> [[China]] and [[India]] are the most populous countries,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html |title=Country Comparison :: Population |access-date=28 September 2011 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |year=2008 }}</ref> as the [[birth rate]] has consistently dropped in developed countries and until recently remained high in developing countries. [[Tokyo]] is the [[List of metropolitan areas by population|largest urban conglomeration]] in the world.<ref name="cia world"/><ref name=geohive>{{cite web | url=http://www.geohive.com/earth/cy_notagg.aspx | title=Cities: largest (without surrounding suburban areas) | publisher=Geohive | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205222859/http://www.geohive.com/earth/cy_notagg.aspx | archive-date=5 December 2016 }}</ref>',
4 => '',
5 => 'As of 2017, the [[total fertility rate]] of the world is estimated at 2.43<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?end=2017&start=2017&view=bar|title=Fertility rate, total (births per woman) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> children per woman, which is above the global average for the [[replacement fertility rate]] of approximately 2.33 (as of 2003),<ref name= variation>{{cite journal|title=The surprising global variation in replacement fertility|vauthors=Espenshade TJ, Guzman JC, Westoff CF |year=2003|journal=Population Research and Policy Review | volume=22 |page=575 |doi=10.1023/B:POPU.0000020882.29684.8e |issue=5/6|s2cid=10798893 }}, Introduction and Table 1, p. 580</ref> meaning the world's population is growing. However, world [[population growth]] is unevenly distributed, with the total fertility rate ranging from one of the world's lowest 0.83 in [[Singapore]], to the highest, 6.49 in [[Niger]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html|title=The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> The [[United Nations]] estimated an annual population increase of 1.14% for the year of 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html |title=Census.gov |publisher=Census.gov |date=7 January 2009 |access-date=1 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823141629/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html |archive-date=23 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>',
6 => 'The current world population growth is approximately 1.09%.<ref name="cia world"/> People under 18 years of age made up over a quarter of the world population (29.3%), and people age 65 and over made up less than one-tenth (7.9%) in 2011.<ref name="cia world" />',
7 => '<!---There are approximately 3.38 billion females in the World. The number of males is about 3.41 billion. --->',
8 => '',
9 => 'The world population more than tripled during the 20th century from about 1.65 billion in 1900 to 5.97 billion in 1999.<ref name="esa">[http://esa.un.org/unpp World Population Prospects]: The 2008 Revision Population Database {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5EykhvsD5?url=http://esa.un.org/unpp |date=7 April 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm |title=The World at |publisher=Un.org |date=12 October 1999 |access-date=1 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html |title=Population Growth over Human History |publisher=Globalchange.umich.edu |access-date=1 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101452/http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html |archive-date=24 July 2011 }}</ref> It reached the 2 billion mark in 1927, the 3 billion mark in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, and 5 billion in 1987.<ref>[http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0883352.html World Population Milestones]</ref> The overall population of the world is approximately 7.8 billion as of December 2018. Currently, population growth is fastest among low wealth, [[least developed countries]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/factsheets/pid/3856 |title=United Nations Population Fund |publisher=UNFPA |date=13 May 1968 |access-date=6 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822015619/http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/factsheets/pid/3856 |archive-date=22 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The UN projects a world population of 9.15 billion in 2050, which is a 32.69% increase from 2010 (6.89 billion).<ref name="esa" />',
10 => '',
11 => '== History ==',
12 => '[[File:Illustration of contemporary and past human populations Our World in Data.png|thumb|Comparison of humans living today with all previous generations]]',
13 => 'Historical migration of human populations begins with the movement of ''[[Homo erectus]]'' out of Africa across [[Eurasia]] about a million years ago. ''[[Human|Homo sapiens]]'' appear to have occupied all of Africa about 300,000 years ago, moved out of Africa 50,000 – 60,000 years ago, and had spread across [[Prehistory of Australia|Australia]], [[History of Asia|Asia]] and [[Paleolithic Europe|Europe]] by 30,000 years BC. [[Models of migration to the New World|Migration to the Americas]] took place 20,000 to 15,000 years ago, and by 2,000 years ago, most of the [[Pacific Islands]] were colonized.',
14 => '',
15 => 'Until c. 10,000 years ago, humans lived as [[hunter-gatherer]]s. They generally lived in small nomadic groups known as [[band societies]]. The advent of agriculture prompted the [[Neolithic Revolution]], when access to food surplus led to the formation of permanent [[human settlement]]s. About 6,000 years ago, the first proto-states developed in [[Mesopotamia]], [[Egypt]]'s [[Nile Valley]] and the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley]]. Early human settlements were dependent on proximity to [[water resources|water]] and, depending on the [[lifestyle (sociology)|lifestyle]], other [[natural resources]] used for [[subsistence economy|subsistence]]. But humans have a great capacity for altering their [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]] by means of technology.',
16 => '',
17 => 'Since 1800, the [[human population]] has increased from one billion<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/411162.stm | access-date = 5 February 2008 | work=BBC News | title=World's population reaches six billion | date=5 August 1999}}</ref> to over seven billion,<ref name=7billpop>{{cite web|title=UN population estimates.|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/p2k0data.asp|work=Population Division, United Nations|access-date=4 July 2013}}</ref> In 2004, some 2.5 billion out of 6.3 billion people (39.7%) lived in [[urban area]]s. In February 2008, the U.N. estimated that half the world's population would live in [[urban area]]s by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4561183.stm | work=BBC News | first=David | last=Whitehouse | title=Half of humanity set to go urban | date=19 May 2005}}</ref> Problems for humans living in [[city|cities]] include various forms of pollution and [[crime]],<ref><!-- {{cite web|url=http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/usrv98.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825142912/http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/usrv98.htm |archive-date=25 August 2009 }} -->[http://www.webcitation.org/6ILFPzOQQ?url=http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/usrv98.pdf] Urban, Suburban, and Rural Victimization, 1993–98] U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics,. Accessed 29 October 2006</ref> especially in inner city and suburban [[slum]]s. Both overall population numbers and the proportion residing in cities are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades.<ref name=UN-pop-all>{{cite web|title=World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision|url=http://esa.un.org/unup/CD-ROM/Urban-Rural-Population.htm|work=Population Division, United Nations|access-date=4 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709002731/http://esa.un.org/unup/CD-ROM/Urban-Rural-Population.htm|archive-date=9 July 2013}}</ref>',
18 => '',
19 => '===World Population, AD 1–1998 (in thousands)===',
20 => 'Source: Maddison and others. (University of Groningen).<ref name="ggdc.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/other_books/appendix_B.pdf|title=Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820|author=Maddison|website=[[University of Groningen]]}}</ref>',
21 => '{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right"',
22 => '|-',
23 => '! scope="col" |Year',
24 => '! scope="col" |1',
25 => '! scope="col" |1000',
26 => '! scope="col" |1500',
27 => '! scope="col" |1600',
28 => '! scope="col" |1700',
29 => '! scope="col" |1820',
30 => '! scope="col" |1870',
31 => '! scope="col" |1913',
32 => '! scope="col" |1950',
33 => '! scope="col" |1973',
34 => '! scope="col" |1998',
35 => '|-',
36 => '|Western Europe',
37 => '|24 700',
38 => '|25 413',
39 => '|57 268',
40 => '|73 778',
41 => '|81 460',
42 => '|132 888',
43 => '|187 532',
44 => '|261 007',
45 => '|305 060',
46 => '|358 390',
47 => '|388 399',
48 => '|-',
49 => '|Eastern Europe<br />(excluding USSR countries)',
50 => '|4 750',
51 => '|6 500',
52 => '|13 500',
53 => '|16 950',
54 => '|18 800',
55 => '|36 415',
56 => '|52 182',
57 => '|79 604',
58 => '|87 289',
59 => '|110 490',
60 => '|121 006',
61 => '|-',
62 => '|54 765',
63 => '|88 672',
64 => '|156 192',
65 => '|180 050',
66 => '|249 748',
67 => '|290 866',
68 => '|-',
69 => '|'''Total Europe<br />(including USSR countries)'''',
70 => '|'''33 350'''',
71 => '|'''39 013'''',
72 => '|'''87 718'''',
73 => '|'''111 428'''',
74 => '|'''126 810'''',
75 => '|'''224 068'''',
76 => '|'''328 386'''',
77 => '|'''496 803'''',
78 => '|'''572 399'''',
79 => '|'''718 628'''',
80 => '|'''800 271'''',
81 => '|-',
82 => '|United States<ref>{{cite web |url=http://populstat.info/Americas/usac.htm |title=Archived copy |website=populstat.info |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723080909/http://populstat.info/Americas/usac.htm |archive-date=23 July 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>',
83 => '|680',
84 => '|1 300',
85 => '|2 000',
86 => '|1 500',
87 => '|1 000',
88 => '|9 981',
89 => '|40 241',
90 => '|97 606',
91 => '|152 271',
92 => '|212 909',
93 => '|279 040',
94 => '|-',
95 => '|Other Western Offshoots',
96 => '|490',
97 => '|660',
98 => '|800',
99 => '|800',
100 => '|750',
101 => '|1 249',
102 => '|5 892',
103 => '|13 795',
104 => '|23 823',
105 => '|57 643',
106 => '|98 553',
107 => '|-',
108 => '|Other Latin America',
109 => '|3 400'
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9 => '//doi.org/10.4060%2FCB4474EN',
10 => 'http://benmuse.typepad.com/ben_muse/2008/01/wealth-and-reli.html',
11 => 'http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx',
12 => 'http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=PopDiv&f=variableID:65',
13 => 'http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=world+population&d=PopDiv&f=variableID:53%3BcrID:900',
14 => 'http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/p2k0data.asp',
15 => 'http://esa.un.org/unpp',
16 => 'http://esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp?panel=2',
17 => 'http://esa.un.org/unup/CD-ROM/Urban-Rural-Population.htm',
18 => 'http://esa.un.org/wup2009/wup/source/country.aspx',
19 => 'http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/popdensity.htm',
20 => 'http://gsociology.icaap.org/report/demsumAging.html',
21 => 'http://homepage3.nifty.com/sociology/motion.html',
22 => 'http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf',
23 => 'http://lecaodaisme.free.fr/caodainet/English/Htm/Caodai_inVN_SB.htm',
24 => 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/411162.stm',
25 => 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4561183.stm',
26 => 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4994590.stm',
27 => 'http://pewforum.org/docs/?DocID=450',
28 => 'http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167',
29 => 'http://pewresearch.org/assets/pewforum-muslim-project/weighted-map.htm',
30 => 'http://populstat.info/Americas/usac.htm',
31 => 'http://w3.unece.org/pxweb/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=052_GEFHAge1stMarige_r&ti=Mean+Age+at+First+Marriage+by+Sex,+Country+and+Year&path=../DATABASE/Stat/30-GE/02-Families_households/&lang=1',
32 => 'http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/FrameTable4_17.htm',
33 => 'http://worldchristiandatabase.org/wcd/',
34 => 'http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=468&Itemid=206',
35 => 'http://www.bahai.com/thebahais/pg14.htm',
36 => 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/forum/story/2008/03/080323_tibet_analysis.shtml',
37 => 'http://www.bible.ca/global-religion-statistics-world-christian-encyclopedia.htm',
38 => 'http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/chapter_11.pdf',
39 => 'http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/04/01/cdc.births.decline/index.html',
40 => 'http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0724/p01s01-wogi.html',
41 => 'http://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/en/',
42 => 'http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_1011078.shtml',
43 => 'http://www.foodfirst.org/media/opeds/2000/4-greenrev.html',
44 => 'http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm',
45 => 'http://www.geohive.com/earth/cy_notagg.aspx',
46 => 'http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/other_books/appendix_B.pdf',
47 => 'http://www.gizmag.com/go/7334/',
48 => 'http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html',
49 => 'http://www.gordonconwell.edu/ockenga/globalchristianity/gd/wct-1-2.pdf',
50 => 'http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS',
51 => 'http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0883352.html',
52 => 'http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/health/2011/0809/1224302081071.html',
53 => 'http://www.mongabay.com/igapo/2005_world_city_populations/2005_city_population_01.html',
54 => 'http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_hos_bed-health-hospital-beds',
55 => 'http://www.nih.gov/news/health/jul2011/nichd-07.htm',
56 => 'http://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-exec.aspx',
57 => 'http://www.princeton.edu/~bhsu/Hsu2008.pdf',
58 => 'http://www.religionfacts.com/big_religion_chart.htm',
59 => 'http://www.sens.org/files/pdf/ENHANCE-PP.pdf',
60 => 'http://www.thejournal.ie/ireland-has-one-of-highest-birth-and-lowest-death-rates-in-eu-189080-Jul2011/',
61 => 'http://www.uis.unesco.org/DataCentre/Excel/LITEA/Metadata%20on%20literacy%20-%20M%C3%A9tadonn%C3%A9es%20sur%20l%E2%80%99alphab%C3%A9tisme.xlsx',
62 => 'http://www.uneca.org/eca_programmes/food_security_and_sustainability/programme_overview/population/fertility/crude_world.htm',
63 => 'http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/factsheets/pid/3856',
64 => 'http://www.webcitation.org/6ILFPzOQQ?url=http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/usrv98.pdf',
65 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/china-population-now-14-billion-birthrate-falls-68348982',
66 => 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10798893',
67 => 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241785130',
68 => 'https://censusreporter.org/profiles/31000US35620-new-york-newark-jersey-city-ny-nj-pa-metro-area/',
69 => 'https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?end=2018&start=2018&view=bar',
70 => 'https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?end=2017&start=2017&view=bar',
71 => 'https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?end=2018&start=2018&view=bar',
72 => 'https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/',
73 => 'https://foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835',
74 => 'https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization',
75 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/19990422162501/http://www.adherents.com/',
76 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20000816004118/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html',
77 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20061008020254/http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167',
78 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070304152957/http://worldchristiandatabase.org/wcd/',
79 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20080228224811/http://www.gordonconwell.edu/ockenga/globalchristianity/gd/wct-1-2.pdf',
80 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090325031920/http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/chapter_11.pdf',
81 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090701122431/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php',
82 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090714215036/http://www.foodfirst.org/media/opeds/2000/4-greenrev.html',
83 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20091228041834/http://pewresearch.org/assets/pewforum-muslim-project/weighted-map.htm',
84 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100326175049/http://www.princeton.edu/~bhsu/Hsu2008.pdf',
85 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100822015619/http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/factsheets/pid/3856',
86 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100823141629/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html',
87 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110223002408/http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html',
88 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101452/http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html',
89 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110816073652/http://www.uneca.org/eca_programmes/food_security_and_sustainability/programme_overview/population/fertility/crude_world.htm',
90 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110827110525/http://homepage3.nifty.com/sociology/motion.html',
91 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110927055752/http://esa.un.org/wup2009/wup/source/country.aspx',
92 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20111009035436/http://lecaodaisme.free.fr/caodainet/English/Htm/Caodai_inVN_SB.htm',
93 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf',
94 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20130709002731/http://esa.un.org/unup/CD-ROM/Urban-Rural-Population.htm',
95 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150414025804/http://www.religionfacts.com/big_religion_chart.htm',
96 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20161013163622/http://www.sens.org/files/pdf/ENHANCE-PP.pdf',
97 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20161205222859/http://www.geohive.com/earth/cy_notagg.aspx',
98 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170201132604/http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/popdensity.htm',
99 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190723080909/http://populstat.info/Americas/usac.htm',
100 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14525525',
101 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/health-53409521',
102 => 'https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php',
103 => 'https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html',
104 => 'https://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html',
105 => 'https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html',
106 => 'https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/346rank.html',
107 => 'https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/345.html',
108 => 'https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html',
109 => 'https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/',
110 => 'https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antarctica/',
111 => 'https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/number/all/',
112 => 'https://www.pewforum.org/2018/10/29/eastern-and-western-europeans-differ-on-importance-of-religion-views-of-minorities-and-key-social-issues/',
113 => 'https://www.statista.com/statistics/262886/illiteracy-rates-by-world-regions/',
114 => 'https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp',
115 => 'https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_125.asp',
116 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/jul/13/more-midwives-birth-rate-40-year-high',
117 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jan/02/japan-population',
118 => 'https://www.thoughtco.com/population-density-overview-1435467',
119 => 'https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/events/pdf/expert/25/2016-EGM_Nicole%20Mun%20Sam%20Lai.pdf',
120 => 'https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm',
121 => 'https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf',
122 => 'https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-the-median-age-of-every-continent/',
123 => 'https://www.webcitation.org/5EykhvsD5?url=http://esa.un.org/unpp',
124 => 'https://www.webcitation.org/5mqurhEL9?url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html',
125 => 'https://www.webcitation.org/5tpNJ6FqS?url=http://esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp?panel=2',
126 => 'https://www.webcitation.org/5xz5wR2qx?url=http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm',
127 => 'https://www.webcitation.org/5xz7V0tX7?url=http://www.bible.ca/global-religion-statistics-world-christian-encyclopedia.htm',
128 => 'https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2016/EN_WHS2016_AnnexB.pdf',
129 => 'https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents',
130 => 'https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/india-population/#:~:text=The%20current%20population%20of%20India,of%20the%20total%20world%20population.'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Global human population statistics</div>
<p>
l=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5EykhvsD5?url=http://esa.un.org/unpp">https://www.webcitation.org/5EykhvsD5?url=http://esa.un.org/unpp</a> |date=7 April 2006 }}</ref><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: A <code><ref></code> tag is missing the closing <code></ref></code> (see the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_included_ref" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error included ref">help page</a>).</span>
</p>
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right">
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">1
</th>
<th scope="col">1000
</th>
<th scope="col">1500
</th>
<th scope="col">1600
</th>
<th scope="col">1700
</th>
<th scope="col">1820
</th>
<th scope="col">1870
</th>
<th scope="col">1913
</th>
<th scope="col">1950
</th>
<th scope="col">1973
</th>
<th scope="col">1998
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Western Europe
</td>
<td>10.7
</td>
<td>9.5
</td>
<td>13.1
</td>
<td>13.3
</td>
<td>13.5
</td>
<td>12.8
</td>
<td>14.8
</td>
<td>14.6
</td>
<td>12.1
</td>
<td>9.2
</td>
<td>6.6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Eastern Europe<br />(excluding USSR countries)
</td>
<td>2.1
</td>
<td>2.4
</td>
<td>3.1
</td>
<td>3.0
</td>
<td>3.1
</td>
<td>3.5
</td>
<td>4.1
</td>
<td>4.4
</td>
<td>3.5
</td>
<td>2.8
</td>
<td>2.0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Former USSR
</td>
<td>1.7
</td>
<td>2.6
</td>
<td>3.9
</td>
<td>3.7
</td>
<td>4.4
</td>
<td>5.3
</td>
<td>7.0
</td>
<td>8.7
</td>
<td>7.1
</td>
<td>6.4
</td>
<td>4.9
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Total Europe<br />(including USSR countries)</b>
</td>
<td><b>14.5</b>
</td>
<td><b>14.5</b>
</td>
<td><b>20.1</b>
</td>
<td><b>20.0</b>
</td>
<td><b>21.0</b>
</td>
<td><b>21.6</b>
</td>
<td><b>25.9</b>
</td>
<td><b>27.7</b>
</td>
<td><b>22.7</b>
</td>
<td><b>18.4</b>
</td>
<td><b>13.5</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>United States
</td>
<td>0.3
</td>
<td>0.5
</td>
<td>0.5
</td>
<td>0.3
</td>
<td>0.2
</td>
<td>1.0
</td>
<td>3.2
</td>
<td>5.4
</td>
<td>6.0
</td>
<td>5.4
</td>
<td>4.6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Other Western Offshoots
</td>
<td>0.2
</td>
<td>0.2
</td>
<td>0.2
</td>
<td>0.1
</td>
<td>0.1
</td>
<td>0.1
</td>
<td>0.5
</td>
<td>0.8
</td>
<td>0.9
</td>
<td>1.0
</td>
<td>0.9
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Total Western Offshoots </b>
</td>
<td><b>0.5 </b>
</td>
<td><b>0.7 </b>
</td>
<td><b>0.6 </b>
</td>
<td><b>0.4 </b>
</td>
<td><b>0.3</b>
</td>
<td><b>1.1 </b>
</td>
<td><b>3.6 </b>
</td>
<td><b>6.2 </b>
</td>
<td><b>7.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>6.4 </b>
</td>
<td><b>5.5</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Mexico
</td>
<td>1.0
</td>
<td>1.7
</td>
<td>1.7
</td>
<td>0.4
</td>
<td>0.7
</td>
<td>0.6
</td>
<td>0.7
</td>
<td>0.8
</td>
<td>1.1
</td>
<td>1.5
</td>
<td>1.7
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Other Latin America
</td>
<td>1.5
</td>
<td>2.6
</td>
<td>2.3
</td>
<td>1.1
</td>
<td>1.3
</td>
<td>1.4
</td>
<td>2.4
</td>
<td>3.7
</td>
<td>5.4
</td>
<td>6.4
</td>
<td>6.9
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Total Latin America</b>
</td>
<td><b>2.4 </b>
</td>
<td><b>4.2 </b>
</td>
<td><b>4.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>1.5 </b>
</td>
<td><b>2.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>2.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>3.1 </b>
</td>
<td><b>4.5 </b>
</td>
<td><b>6.6</b>
</td>
<td><b> 7.9</b>
</td>
<td><b>8.6</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Japan </b>
</td>
<td><b>1.3 </b>
</td>
<td><b>2.8 </b>
</td>
<td><b>3.5 </b>
</td>
<td><b>3.3 </b>
</td>
<td><b>4.5 </b>
</td>
<td><b>3.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>2.7 </b>
</td>
<td><b>2.9 </b>
</td>
<td><b>3.3 </b>
</td>
<td><b>2.8 </b>
</td>
<td><b>2.1</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>China
</td>
<td>25.8
</td>
<td>22.0
</td>
<td>23.5
</td>
<td>28.8
</td>
<td>22.9
</td>
<td>36.6
</td>
<td>28.2
</td>
<td>24.4
</td>
<td>21.7
</td>
<td>22.5
</td>
<td>21.0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>India
</td>
<td>32.5
</td>
<td>28.0
</td>
<td>25.1
</td>
<td>24.3
</td>
<td>27.3
</td>
<td>20.1
</td>
<td>19.9
</td>
<td>17.0
</td>
<td>14.2
</td>
<td>14.8
</td>
<td>16.5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Other Asia
</td>
<td>15.9
</td>
<td>15.4
</td>
<td>12.7
</td>
<td>11.7
</td>
<td>11.9
</td>
<td>8.6
</td>
<td>9.4
</td>
<td>10.3
</td>
<td>15.5
</td>
<td>17.3
</td>
<td>19.8
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Total Asia (excluding Japan) </b>
</td>
<td><b>74.2</b>
</td>
<td><b> 65.4</b>
</td>
<td><b>61.3 </b>
</td>
<td><b>64.8 </b>
</td>
<td><b>62.1 </b>
</td>
<td><b>65.3 </b>
</td>
<td><b>57.5 </b>
</td>
<td><b>51.7 </b>
</td>
<td><b>51.4 </b>
</td>
<td><b>54.7 </b>
</td>
<td><b>57.4</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Africa</b>
</td>
<td><b> 7.1 </b>
</td>
<td><b>12.3 </b>
</td>
<td><b>10.5 </b>
</td>
<td><b>9.9 </b>
</td>
<td><b>10.1 </b>
</td>
<td><b>7.1 </b>
</td>
<td><b>7.1 </b>
</td>
<td><b>7.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>9.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>9.9</b>
</td>
<td><b>12.9</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>World </b>
</td>
<td><b>100.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>100.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>100.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>100.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>100.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>100.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>100.0</b>
</td>
<td><b>100.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>100.0</b>
</td>
<td><b>100.0 </b>
</td>
<td><b>100.0</b>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><br />
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#2021_population_distribution"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">2021 population distribution</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#2019_population_distribution"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">2019 population distribution</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Major_cities_across_six_continents"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Major cities across six continents</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Population_density"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Population density</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Marriage"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Marriage</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Age_structure"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Age structure</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Population_growth_rate"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Population growth rate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Birth_count"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Birth count</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Birth_rate"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Birth rate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Death_rate"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Death rate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Total_fertility_rate"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Total fertility rate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Health"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Health</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Sex_ratio"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Sex ratio</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Unemployment_rate"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Unemployment rate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Languages"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Languages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">18</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">19</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">20</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="2021_population_distribution">2021 population distribution</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 2021 population distribution">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_population" title="World population">World population</a></div>
<div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px">
<div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black">
<div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:white"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3182.0515953774px; border-left-color:purple"></div>
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<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div>
<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 87.051316381041px; border-left-color:green"></div>
<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div>
<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 11.995089806863px; border-left-color:orange"></div>
<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div>
<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:56.208337785213px 82.708057427456px 0 0; border-top-color:red"></div>
<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div>
</div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<p>Population distribution (2021)
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> Asia (59.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> Africa (17.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> Europe (9.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> North America (7.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:purple; color:white;"> </span> South America (5.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> Oceania (0.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:white; color:black;"> </span> Antarctica (0.0%)</div>
</div>
</div></div>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Region (2021)</th>
<th>Number</th>
<th>Percentage<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Asia</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">4,690,000,000</div></td>
<td>59.5%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Africa</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">1,370,000,000</div></td>
<td>17.4%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Europe</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">748,800,000</div></td>
<td>9.5%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>North America</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">592,300,000</div></td>
<td>7.5%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>South America</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">438,000,000</div></td>
<td>5.6%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Oceania</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">43,500,000</div></td>
<td>0.6%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Antarctica</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">0 (1,106 estimated non-permanent research personnel)</div></td>
<td>0.0%
</td></tr>
<tr style="background:#ccc;">
<td><b>Total</b></td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;"> <b> 7,882,600,000</b></div></td>
<td><b>100.0%</b>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="2019_population_distribution">2019 population distribution</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 2019 population distribution">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Region (2019)</th>
<th>Number</th>
<th>Percentage<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Asia</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">4,607,523,595</div></td>
<td>59.8%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Africa</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">1,313,074,183</div></td>
<td>16.7%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Europe</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">747,253,261</div></td>
<td>9.8%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>North America</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">565,620,340</div></td>
<td>7.2%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>South America</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">427,751,538</div></td>
<td>5.5%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Oceania</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">42,213,121</div></td>
<td>0.5%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Antarctica</td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;">0 (1,106 estimated non-permanent research personnel)</div></td>
<td>0.0%
</td></tr>
<tr style="background:#ccc;">
<td><b>Total</b></td>
<td><div style="text-align:right; direction:ltr; margin-left:0;"> <b> 7,792,204,108</b></div></td>
<td><b>100.0%</b>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Major_cities_across_six_continents">Major cities across six continents</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Major cities across six continents">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The world has hundreds of major cities, mostly in coastal regions.
</p><p>As of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the world had 62 metropolitan areas with a population of over 3,000,000 people each.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of 2010, about 3 billion people live in or around urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_world_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia_world-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>The following table shows the populations of the top ten conglomerations.
</p>
<table class="sortable wikitable">
<tbody><tr style="background:#ececec; text-align:center;">
<th>Rank
</th>
<th>City
</th>
<th>Population
</th>
<th>Country
</th>
<th>Statistical concept<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[a]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>Density (p/km<sup>2</sup>)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></td>
<td align="right">30,000,000</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td>
<td>Metropolitan area<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[b]</a></sup></td>
<td>13,500</td>
<td>2,716
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></td>
<td align="right">24,180,000</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td>
<td>Urban agglomeration<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[c]</a></sup></td>
<td>3,920</td>
<td>6,168
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></td>
<td style="text-align:right;">22,460,000</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td>
<td>Metropolitan area (zona metropolitana)</td>
<td>7,815</td>
<td>2,490
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></td>
<td style="text-align:right;">22,157,000</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td>
<td>Urban agglomeration<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[d]</a></sup></td>
<td>33,578</td>
<td>659
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></td>
<td style="text-align:right;">21,000,000</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td>
<td>Metropolitan area</td>
<td>1,171</td>
<td>17,933
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></td>
<td style="text-align:right;">20,153,634</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td>
<td>Metropolitan Statistics Area</td>
<td>21,483<sup id="cite_ref-US_UA_2000_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_UA_2000-12">[8]</a></sup></td>
<td>938
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></td>
<td style="text-align:right;">20,041,000</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td>
<td>Urban agglomeration</td>
<td>1,097<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[e]</a></sup></td>
<td>18,268
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></td>
<td align="right">15,552,000</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td>
<td>Urban agglomeration</td>
<td>1,026<sup id="cite_ref-DCO_WB_Kolkata_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCO_WB_Kolkata-14">[9]</a></sup></td>
<td>15,158
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></td>
<td align="right">14,648,000</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td>
<td>Metropolitan area (megacity)</td>
<td>1,600</td>
<td>9,155
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>10</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></td>
<td align="right">13,160,467</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td>
<td>Metropolitan Municipality</td>
<td>5,461</td>
<td>2,593
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Population_density">Population density</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Population density">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">List of countries and dependencies by population density</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:282px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Population_density_of_countries_2018_world_map,_people_per_sq_km.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Population_density_of_countries_2018_world_map%2C_people_per_sq_km.svg/280px-Population_density_of_countries_2018_world_map%2C_people_per_sq_km.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="144" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Population_density_of_countries_2018_world_map%2C_people_per_sq_km.svg/420px-Population_density_of_countries_2018_world_map%2C_people_per_sq_km.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Population_density_of_countries_2018_world_map%2C_people_per_sq_km.svg/560px-Population_density_of_countries_2018_world_map%2C_people_per_sq_km.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="443" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Population_density_of_countries_2018_world_map,_people_per_sq_km.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Population density (people per km<sup>2</sup>) by country, 2018</div></div></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World%27s_population" class="mw-redirect" title="World's population">world's population</a> is 7 billion<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[10]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s total surface area (including land and water) is 510 million square kilometres (197 million square miles).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[11]</a></sup> Therefore, the worldwide human population density is 7 billion ÷ 510 million km<sup>2</sup> (197 million sq mi) = 13.7 people/km<sup>2</sup> (35 people/sq mi). If only the Earth's land area of 150 million km<sup>2</sup> (58 million sq mi) is taken into account, then human population density increases to 46.7 people/km<sup>2</sup> (121 people/sq mi). This calculation includes all continental and island land area, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to 50 people/km<sup>2</sup> (130 people/sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[13]</a></sup> Considering that over half of the Earth's land mass consists of areas inhospitable to human inhabitation, such as deserts and high mountains, and that population tends to cluster around seaports and fresh water sources, this number by itself does not give any meaningful measurement of human population density.
</p><p>Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City-states" class="mw-redirect" title="City-states">city-states</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microstates" class="mw-redirect" title="Microstates">microstates</a> or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependencies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-unpop_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unpop-19">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[15]</a></sup> These territories share a relatively small area and a high <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a> level, with an economically specialized <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City" title="City">city</a> population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">overpopulation</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">List of religious populations</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:282px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Prevailing_world_religions_map.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prevailing_world_religions_map.png/280px-Prevailing_world_religions_map.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="130" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prevailing_world_religions_map.png/420px-Prevailing_world_religions_map.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prevailing_world_religions_map.png/560px-Prevailing_world_religions_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Prevailing_world_religions_map.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Major denominations and religions of the world</div></div></div>
<p>The table below lists religions classified by philosophy; however, religious philosophy is not always the determining factor in local practice. Please note that this table includes heterodox movements as adherents to their larger philosophical category, although this may be disputed by others within that category. For example, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Cao Đài</a> is listed because it claims to be a separate category from Buddhism, while <a href="/enwiki/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hòa Hảo</a> is not, even though they are similar <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">new religious movements</a>.
</p><p>The population numbers below are computed by a combination of census reports, random surveys (in countries where religion data is not collected in census, for example United States or France), and self-reported attendance numbers, but results can vary widely depending on the way questions are phrased, the definitions of religion used and the bias of the agencies or organizations conducting the survey. Informal or unorganized religions are especially difficult to count. Some organizations may wildly inflate their numbers.
</p>
<table class="wikitable sortable">
<caption>Global religious affiliation
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Religious category</th>
<th colspan="2">Number of followers <br /> (in millions)</th>
<th>Cultural tradition</th>
<th class="unsortable">Main regions covered
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></b></td>
<td align="right">2,300–2,400</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[16]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></td>
<td>Predominant in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a> (Western Europe, the Americas, Oceania), Eastern Europe, Russia, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> in Southeast Asia. Minorities worldwide, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">Christianity by country</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pew_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew-22">[17]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></b></td>
<td align="right">1,600–1,800</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[20]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></td>
<td>West Asia, Northern Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, Western Africa, Maritime Southeast Asia with large population centers existing in Eastern Africa, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a>, Russia and China.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[21]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></b></td>
<td align="right">1,110-1,200</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[22]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian religions</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, and among the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">overseas Indian</a> communities.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></b></td>
<td align="right">1,100</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[23]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism, half of those are theistic (but do not fit in with the major religions)</a></td>
<td>Predominant in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>, East Asia. Minorities worldwide, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_irreligion" title="List of countries by irreligion">list of countries by irreligion</a>.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></b></td>
<td align="right">400–600</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-ciawf_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciawf-29">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[26]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indian_Religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Religions">Indian Religions</a></td>
<td>South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and some regions of Russia.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religions</a></b></td>
<td align="right">600–3,000</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-varies_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varies-32">[f]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religions</a></td>
<td>Africa, Asia, Americas
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religions</a></b><br />(including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>)</td>
<td align="right">400–1,000</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-varies_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varies-32">[f]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Chinese Religions</a></td>
<td>East Asia, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a></b></td>
<td align="right">27–65</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[28]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japanese Religions</a></td>
<td>Japan
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></b></td>
<td align="right">24–30</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ciawf_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciawf-29">[24]</a></sup></td>
<td>Indian religions</td>
<td>Indian subcontinent, Australasia, Northern America, Southeast Asia, the United Kingdom and Western Europe.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></b></td>
<td align="right">14–18</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-ciawf_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciawf-29">[24]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and the worldwide <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Jewish diaspora</a> (mostly North America, South America, Europe, Ethiopia, and Asia).
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></b></td>
<td align="right">8–12</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[g]</a></sup></td>
<td>Indian religions</td>
<td>India, and East Africa.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></b></td>
<td align="right">7.3–7.9</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-ARDAWorld2010_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARDAWorld2010-37">[30]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[h]</a></sup></td>
<td>Noted for being dispersed worldwide<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_stats_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica_stats-39">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[32]</a></sup> but the top ten populations (amounting to about 65% of the world's Baháʼí Faith adherents) are (in order of size of community) India, United States, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR of the Congo</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>, South Africa, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a><sup id="cite_ref-ARDA2010_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARDA2010-41">[33]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Cao Đài</a></b></td>
<td align="right">1–3</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[34]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnamese Religions</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a></b></td>
<td align="right">3</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[35]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korean religions</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></b></td>
<td align="right">2</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-shukyo_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shukyo-44">[36]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japanese religions</a></td>
<td>Japan, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></b></td>
<td align="right">1</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[37]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movements</a></td>
<td>United States, Australia, Europe, Canada.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Church_of_World_Messianity" title="Church of World Messianity">Church of World Messianity</a></b></td>
<td align="right">1</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[38]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japanese Religions</a></td>
<td>Japan, Brazil
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seicho-no-Ie" title="Seicho-no-Ie">Seicho-no-Ie</a></b></td>
<td align="right">0.8</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-shukyo_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shukyo-44">[36]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japanese religions</a></td>
<td>Japan, Brazil.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rastafari_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastafari movement">Rastafari movement</a></b></td>
<td align="right">0.7</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[39]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movements</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, Caribbean, Africa.
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></b></td>
<td align="right">0.63</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[40]</a></sup></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movements</a></td>
<td>United States, Canada, Europe.
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Since the late 19th century, the demographics of religion have changed a great deal. Some <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Western civilization">countries with a historically large Christian population</a> have experienced a significant decline in the numbers of professed active Christians: see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_atheism" title="Demographics of atheism">demographics of atheism</a>. Symptoms of the decline in active participation in Christian religious life include declining recruitment for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priesthood</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastic life</a>, as well as diminishing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Church_attendance" title="Church attendance">attendance at church</a>. On the other hand, since the 19th century, large areas of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a> have been converted to Christianity, and this area of the world has the highest population growth rate. In the realm of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Western civilization">Western civilization</a>, there has been an increase in the number of people who identify themselves as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">secular humanists</a>. Despite the decline, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> remains the dominant religion in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Western World">Western world</a>, where 70% of the population is Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Christianity_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-49">[41]</a></sup> In many countries, such as the People's Republic of China, communist governments have discouraged religion, making it difficult to count the actual number of believers. However, after the collapse of communism in numerous countries of Eastern Europe and the former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, religious life has been experiencing resurgence there, in the form of traditional <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pew_Research_Center1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew_Research_Center1-50">[42]</a></sup> While, Islam however has gained considerably in the Soviet Unions former republics in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>.
</p><p>Following is some available data based on the work of the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Christian_Encyclopedia" title="World Christian Encyclopedia">World Christian Encyclopedia</a></i>:<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[43]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Trends in annual growth of adherence
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>1970–1985<sup id="cite_ref-whoare_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoare-52">[44]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>1990–2000<sup id="cite_ref-worldchristianencyclopedia_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldchristianencyclopedia-53">[45]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[46]</a></sup>
</th>
<th>2000–2005<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[47]</a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.74%: Islam
</td>
<td>2.13%: Islam
</td>
<td>1.84%: Islam
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.65%: Baháʼí Faith
</td>
<td>2.28%: Baháʼí Faith
</td>
<td>1.70%: Baháʼí Faith
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.34%: Hinduism
</td>
<td>1.69%: Hinduism
</td>
<td>1.57%: Hinduism
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.64%: Christianity
</td>
<td>1.36%: Christianity
</td>
<td>1.32%: Christianity
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.09%: Judaism
</td>
<td>1.87%: Judaism
</td>
<td>1.62%: Judaism
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.67%: Buddhism
</td>
<td>1.09%: Buddhism
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>2.65%: Zoroastrianism
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>The annual growth in the world<br /> population over the same period<br /> is 1.41%.
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Studies conducted by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> have found that, generally, poorer nations had a larger proportion of citizens who found religion to be very important than richer nations, with the exceptions of the United States<sup id="cite_ref-Pew2002_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew2002-56">[48]</a></sup> and Kuwait.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[49]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Marriage">Marriage</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Marriage">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The average age of marriage varies greatly from country to country and has varied through time. Women tend to marry earlier than men and currently varies from 17.6 for women in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, to 32.4 for women in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> while men range from 22.6 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> to 35.1 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNECE_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNECE-58">[50]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Age_structure">Age structure</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Age structure">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_pyramid" title="Population pyramid">Population pyramid</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_age" title="List of countries by median age">List of countries by median age</a></div>
<p>According to the 2021 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>, around 25% of the world's population is below 15 years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[51]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li>0–14 years: 25.2% (male 1,010,373,278/female 946,624,579)<sup id="cite_ref-cia_world_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia_world-6">[6]</a></sup></li>
<li>15–64 years: 65.1% (male 2,562,946,384/female 2,498,562,457)<sup id="cite_ref-cia_world_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia_world-6">[6]</a></sup></li>
<li>65 years and over: 9.7% (male 337,244,947/female 415,884,753) (2021 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-cia_world_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia_world-6">[6]</a></sup></li>
<li>Median Age – 31 years (male: 30.3 years, female: 31.8 years, 2021 est.)</li></ul>
<p>According to a report by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Global_Social_Change_Research_Project" title="Global Social Change Research Project">Global Social Change Research Project</a>, worldwide, the percent of the population age 0–14 declined from 34% in 1950 to 27% in 2010. The elderly population (60+) increased during the same period from 8% to 11%.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[52]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption><center><b>Median age by continent, 2018</b><sup id="cite_ref-visualcapitalist.com_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visualcapitalist.com-61">[53]</a></sup></center>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Region</th>
<th>Median age
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Asia</td>
<td>31 yo
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Africa</td>
<td>18 yo
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Europe</td>
<td>42 yo
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>North America</td>
<td>35 yo
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>South America</td>
<td>31 yo
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Oceania</td>
<td>33 yo
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption><center><b>Select age groups by continent, 2018</b><sup id="cite_ref-visualcapitalist.com_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visualcapitalist.com-61">[53]</a></sup></center>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Region</th>
<th>Under 15 years<br />(proportion of population)</th>
<th>Over 65 years<br />(proportion of population)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Asia</td>
<td>24%</td>
<td>8%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Africa</td>
<td>41%</td>
<td>3%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Europe</td>
<td>16%</td>
<td>18%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Latin America-Caribbean</td>
<td>26%</td>
<td>8%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>North America</td>
<td>19%</td>
<td>15%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Oceania</td>
<td>23%</td>
<td>12%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>World</td>
<td>26%</td>
<td>9%
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:512px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2017_world_map,_median_age_by_country.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/2017_world_map%2C_median_age_by_country.svg/510px-2017_world_map%2C_median_age_by_country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="510" height="261" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/2017_world_map%2C_median_age_by_country.svg/765px-2017_world_map%2C_median_age_by_country.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/2017_world_map%2C_median_age_by_country.svg/1020px-2017_world_map%2C_median_age_by_country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="443" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2017_world_map,_median_age_by_country.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Median_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Median age">Median age</a> by country as of 2017. A youth bulge is evident for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa" title="Demographics of Africa">Africa</a>, and to a lesser extent for West Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of the Americas.</div></div></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Population_growth_rate">Population growth rate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Population growth rate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">Population growth</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg/350px-World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="166" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg/525px-World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg/700px-World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="900" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Growth rate of world population (1950–2010) <br />The sharp decline in world population growth in the early 1960s caused primarily by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine" title="Great Chinese Famine">Great Chinese Famine</a></div></div></div>
<p>Globally, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_growth_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Population growth rate">growth rate</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_population" title="World population">human population</a> has been declining since peaking in 1962 and 1963 at 2.20% per annum. In 2009, the estimated annual growth rate was 1.1%.<sup id="cite_ref-census1_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1-62">[54]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a> gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.915%, 0.812%, and 1.092% respectively<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[55]</a></sup> The last one hundred years have seen a rapid increase in population due to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_medicine#Modern_medicine" title="History of medicine">medical advances</a> and massive increase in agricultural productivity<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[56]</a></sup> made possible by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[57]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[58]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[59]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:282px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:1_world_map_2010-2015_population_increase_rate_by_country.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1_world_map_2010-2015_population_increase_rate_by_country.svg/280px-1_world_map_2010-2015_population_increase_rate_by_country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="144" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1_world_map_2010-2015_population_increase_rate_by_country.svg/420px-1_world_map_2010-2015_population_increase_rate_by_country.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1_world_map_2010-2015_population_increase_rate_by_country.svg/560px-1_world_map_2010-2015_population_increase_rate_by_country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="443" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:1_world_map_2010-2015_population_increase_rate_by_country.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>2010–2015 net population increase rate, per 1000 people</div></div></div>
<p>The actual annual growth in the number of humans fell from its peak of 88.0 million in 1989, to a low of 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. Since then, annual growth has declined. In 2009, the human population increased by 74.6 million, which is projected to fall steadily to about 41 million per annum in 2050, at which time the population will have increased to about 9.2 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-census1_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1-62">[54]</a></sup> Each region of the globe has seen great reductions in growth rate in recent decades, though growth rates remain above 2% in some countries of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>, and also in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[60]</a></sup>
</p><p>Some countries experienced <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_decline" title="Population decline">negative population growth</a>, especially in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> mainly due to low <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility rate">fertility rates</a>, high death rates and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emigration" title="Emigration">emigration</a>. In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>, growth is slowing due to the high number of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>-related deaths. Some <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> countries might also encounter negative population growth.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[61]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>'s population began decreasing in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[62]</a></sup>
</p><p>Population in the world increased from 1990 to 2008 with 1,423 billion and 27% growth. Measured by persons, the increase was highest in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (290 million) and China (192 million). Population growth was highest in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> (174%) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> (140%).<sup id="cite_ref-IEApop2011_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEApop2011-71">[63]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable sortable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Rank
</th>
<th>Country
</th>
<th>Population (thousands)<br />1990
</th>
<th>Population (thousands)<br />2010
</th>
<th>Growth (%)<br />1990–2010
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td><span class="flagicon" style="padding-left:25px;"> </span> World
</td>
<td>5,306,425
</td>
<td>6,895,889
</td>
<td>30.0%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1
</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>
</td>
<td>1,145,195
</td>
<td>1,341,335
</td>
<td>17.1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2
</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>
</td>
<td>873,785
</td>
<td>1,224,614
</td>
<td>40.2%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3
</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>
</td>
<td>253,339
</td>
<td>310,384
</td>
<td>22.5%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4
</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>
</td>
<td>184,346
</td>
<td>239,871
</td>
<td>30.1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5
</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>
</td>
<td>149,650
</td>
<td>194,946
</td>
<td>30.3%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6
</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>
</td>
<td>111,845
</td>
<td>173,593
</td>
<td>55.2%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>7
</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>
</td>
<td>97,552
</td>
<td>158,423
</td>
<td>62.4%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8
</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>
</td>
<td>105,256
</td>
<td>148,692
</td>
<td>41.3%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>9
</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>
</td>
<td>148,244
</td>
<td>142,958
</td>
<td>−3.6%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>10
</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>
</td>
<td>126,536
</td>
<td>122,251
</td>
<td>−3.5%
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Birth_count">Birth count</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Birth count">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Data required on total number of births per year, and distribution by country.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Birth_rate">Birth rate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Birth rate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_birth_rate" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by birth rate">List of sovereign states and dependent territories by birth rate</a></div>
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:662px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Countries_by_Birth_Rate_in_2017.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Countries_by_Birth_Rate_in_2017.svg/660px-Countries_by_Birth_Rate_in_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="660" height="303" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Countries_by_Birth_Rate_in_2017.svg/990px-Countries_by_Birth_Rate_in_2017.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Countries_by_Birth_Rate_in_2017.svg/1320px-Countries_by_Birth_Rate_in_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="396" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Countries_by_Birth_Rate_in_2017.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Countries by birth rate in 2017</div></div></div></div></div>
<p>As of 2009, the average birth rate (unclear whether this is the weighted average rate per country [with each country getting a weight of 1], or the unweighted average of the entire world population) for the whole world is 19.95 per year per 1000 total population, a 0.48% decline from 2003's world birth rate of 20.43 per 1000 total population.
</p>
<div>
<table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:left">
<caption>World historical and predicted crude birth rates (1950–2050) <br /><small>UN, medium variant, 2008 rev.</small><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[64]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Years</th>
<th>CBR</th>
<th>Years</th>
<th>CBR
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1950–1955</td>
<td align="center">37.2</td>
<td>2000–2005</td>
<td align="center">21.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1955–1960</td>
<td align="center">35.3</td>
<td>2005–2010</td>
<td align="center">20.3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1960–1965</td>
<td align="center">34.9</td>
<td>2010–2015</td>
<td align="center">19.4
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1965–1970</td>
<td align="center">33.4</td>
<td>2015–2020</td>
<td align="center">18.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1970–1975</td>
<td align="center">30.8</td>
<td>2020–2025</td>
<td align="center">16.9
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1975–1980</td>
<td align="center">28.4</td>
<td>2025–2030</td>
<td align="center">15.8
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1980–1985</td>
<td align="center">27.9</td>
<td>2030–2035</td>
<td align="center">15.0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1985–1990</td>
<td align="center">27.3</td>
<td>2035–2040</td>
<td align="center">14.5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1990–1995</td>
<td align="center">24.7</td>
<td>2040–2045</td>
<td align="center">14.0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1995–2000</td>
<td align="center">22.5</td>
<td>2045–2050</td>
<td align="center">13.4
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div>
<p>According to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA – The World Factbook</a>, the country with the highest birth rate currently is Niger at 51.26 births per 1000 people. The country with the lowest birth rate is Japan at 7.64 births per 1000 people. Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of China, is at 7.42 births per 1000 people. As compared to the 1950s, birth rate was at 36 births per 1000 in the 1950s,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[65]</a></sup> birth rate has declined by 16 births per 1000 people. In July 2011, the U.S. National Institutes of Health announced that the adolescent birth rate continues to decline.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[66]</a></sup>
</p><p>Birth rates vary even within the same geographic areas. In Europe, as of July 2011, Ireland's birth rate is 16.5 percent, which is 3.5 percent higher than the next-ranked country, the UK. France has a birth rate of 12.8 per cent while Sweden is at 12.3 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[67]</a></sup> In July 2011, the UK's Office for National Statistics (ONS) announced a 2.4% increase in live births in the UK in 2010 alone.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian1_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian1-76">[68]</a></sup> This is the highest birth rate in the UK in 40 years.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian1_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian1-76">[68]</a></sup> By contrast, the birth rate in Germany is only 8.3 per 1,000, which is so low that both the UK and France, which have significantly smaller populations, produced more births in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[69]</a></sup> Birth rates also vary within the same geographic area, based on different demographic groups. For example, in April 2011, the U.S. CDC announced that the birth rate for women over the age of 40 in the U.S. rose between 2007 and 2009, while it fell among every other age group during the same time span.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[70]</a></sup> In August 2011, Taiwan's government announced that its birth rate declined in the previous year, despite the fact that it implemented a host of approaches to encourage its citizens to have babies.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[71]</a></sup>
</p><p>Birth rates ranging from 10 to 20 births per 1000 are considered low, while rates from 40 to 50 births per 1000 are considered high. There are problems associated with both an extremely high birth rate and an extremely low birth rate. High birth rates can cause stress on the government welfare and family programs to support a youthful population. Additional problems faced by a country with a high birth rate include educating a growing number of children, creating jobs for these children when they enter the workforce, and dealing with the environmental effects that a large population can produce. Low birth rates can put stress on the government to provide adequate senior welfare systems and also the stress on families to support the elders themselves. There will be less children or working age population to support the constantly growing aging population.
</p><p>The ten countries with the highest and lowest crude birth rate, according to the 2018 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a> estimates, are:<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[72]</a></sup>
</p>
<div>
<table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;">
<th>Rank<br />(2018)</th>
<th>Country</th>
<th>Highest <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rates</a> <br /> (annual births/1000 persons)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></td>
<td>43.70
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></td>
<td>43.60
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></td>
<td>43.20
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></td>
<td>43.00
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></td>
<td>42.40
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></td>
<td>41.10
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></td>
<td>40.90
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></td>
<td>40.70
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></td>
<td>39.30
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>10</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></td>
<td>37.90
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;">
<th>Rank<br />(2018)</th>
<th>Country</th>
<th>Lowest birth rates <br /> (annual births/1000 persons)<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[i]</a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></td>
<td>6.50
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></td>
<td>7.30
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td>
<td>7.50
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td>
<td>8.20
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></td>
<td>8.20
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td>
<td>8.30
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td>
<td>8.30
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td>
<td>8.50
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td>
<td>8.50
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>10</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td>
<td>8.60
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p> 
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Death_rate">Death rate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death rate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The ten countries with the highest and lowest crude death rate, according to the 2018 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a> estimates, are:<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[73]</a></sup>
</p>
<div>
<table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;">
<th>Rank<br />(2018)</th>
<th>Country</th>
<th>Highest <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">death rates</a> <br /> (annual deaths/1000 persons)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></td>
<td>19.30
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></td>
<td>15.10
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td>
<td>14.80
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td>
<td>14.50
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td>
<td>14.50
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td>
<td>14.30
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="630" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td>
<td>13.60
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td>
<td>13.40
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td>
<td>13.20
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>10</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></td>
<td>13.20
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;">
<th>Rank<br />(2018)</th>
<th>Country</th>
<th>Lowest death rates <br /> (annual deaths/1000 persons)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[j]</a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></td>
<td>1.60
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></td>
<td>1.70
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></td>
<td>2.30
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></td>
<td>2.80
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></td>
<td>3.30
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td>
<td>3.30
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td>
<td>3.40
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></td>
<td>3.50
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></td>
<td>3.70
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>10</td>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td>
<td>3.70
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p> 
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div>
<table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:left">
<caption>World historical and predicted crude death rates (1950–2050) <br /><small>UN, medium variant, 2008 rev.</small><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[74]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Years</th>
<th>CDR</th>
<th>Years</th>
<th>CDR
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1950–1955</td>
<td align="center">19.5</td>
<td>2000–2005</td>
<td align="center">8.6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1955–1960</td>
<td align="center">17.3</td>
<td>2005–2010</td>
<td align="center">8.5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1960–1965</td>
<td align="center">15.5</td>
<td>2010–2015</td>
<td align="center">8.3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1965–1970</td>
<td align="center">13.2</td>
<td>2015–2020</td>
<td align="center">8.3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1970–1975</td>
<td align="center">11.4</td>
<td>2020–2025</td>
<td align="center">8.3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1975–1980</td>
<td align="center">10.7</td>
<td>2025–2030</td>
<td align="center">8.5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1980–1985</td>
<td align="center">10.3</td>
<td>2030–2035</td>
<td align="center">8.8
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1985–1990</td>
<td align="center">9.7</td>
<td>2035–2040</td>
<td align="center">9.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1990–1995</td>
<td align="center">9.4</td>
<td>2040–2045</td>
<td align="center">9.6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1995–2000</td>
<td align="center">8.9</td>
<td>2045–2050</td>
<td align="center">10
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div>
<p>See <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by death rate">list of countries by death rate</a> for worldwide statistics.
</p><p>According to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, the 10 leading <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Causes_of_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Causes of death">causes of death</a> in 2002 were:
</p>
<ol><li>12.6% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ischemic_heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Ischemic heart disease">Ischemic heart disease</a></li>
<li>9.7% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cerebrovascular_disease" title="Cerebrovascular disease">Cerebrovascular disease</a></li>
<li>6.8% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_respiratory_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower respiratory infection">Lower respiratory infections</a></li>
<li>4.9% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li>
<li>4.8% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</a></li>
<li>3.2% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diarrhoeal_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarrhoeal disease">Diarrhoeal diseases</a></li>
<li>2.7% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a></li>
<li>2.2% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trachea/bronchus/lung_cancers" class="mw-redirect" title="Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers">Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers</a></li>
<li>2.2% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">Malaria</a></li>
<li>2.1% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Road_traffic_accidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Road traffic accidents">Road traffic accidents</a></li></ol>
<p>Causes of death vary greatly between first and third world countries.
</p><p>According to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jean_Ziegler" title="Jean Ziegler">Jean Ziegler</a> (the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food for 2000 to March 2008), mortality due to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">malnutrition</a> accounted for 58% of the total mortality in 2006: "In the world, approximately 62 millions people, all causes of death combined, die each year. In 2006, more than 36 millions died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Micronutrients" class="mw-redirect" title="Micronutrients">micronutrients</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Ziegler_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ziegler-85">[75]</a></sup>
</p><p>Of the roughly 150,000 people who died each day across the globe, about two-thirds—100,000 per day—died of age-related causes in 2001, according to an article which counts all deaths "due to causes that kill hardly anyone under the age of 40" as age-related.<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011-86">[76]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (June 2018)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In industrialized nations, the proportion was even higher according to that article, reaching 90%.<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011-86">[76]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Total_fertility_rate">Total fertility rate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Total fertility rate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependencies_by_total_fertility_rate" title="List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate">List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate</a></div>
<p>There is an inverse correlation between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Income_and_fertility" title="Income and fertility">income and fertility</a>, wherein <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed countries</a> usually have a much lower <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility rate">fertility rate</a>. Various <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fertility_factor_(demography)" title="Fertility factor (demography)">fertility factors</a> may be involved, such as education and urbanization. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">Mortality rates</a> are low, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">birth control</a> is understood and easily accessible, and costs are often deemed very high because of education, clothing, feeding, and social amenities. With wealth, contraception becomes affordable. However, in countries like Iran where contraception was made artificially affordable before the economy accelerated, birth rate also rapidly declined. Further, longer periods of time spent getting higher education often mean women have children later in life.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[77]</a></sup> Female labor participation rate also has substantial negative impact on fertility. However, this effect is neutralized among Nordic or liberalist countries.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[78]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (November 2012)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Undeveloped_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Undeveloped countries">undeveloped countries</a> on the other hand, families desire children for their labour and as caregivers for their parents in old age. Fertility rates are also higher due to the lack of access to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Contraceptives" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraceptives">contraceptives</a>, generally lower levels of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Female_education" title="Female education">female education</a>, and lower rates of female employment in industry.
</p>
<dl><dt><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">Total fertility rates</a> by region, 2010–2015</dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>Total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman.
</p>
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right">
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">
</th>
<th scope="col">Total Fertility Rate (2010–2015)<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[79]</a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>World
</td>
<td>2.5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Africa
</td>
<td>4.7
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Sub-Saharan Africa
</td>
<td>5.1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Western Africa
</td>
<td>5.5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Middle Africa
</td>
<td>5.8
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Eastern Africa
</td>
<td>4.9
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Northern Africa
</td>
<td>3.3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Southern Africa
</td>
<td>2.5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Oceania
</td>
<td>2.4
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Asia
</td>
<td>2.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Europe
</td>
<td>1.6
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Latin America-Caribbean
</td>
<td>2.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>North America
</td>
<td>1.9
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Health">Health</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:282px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Expectancy_of_life_CIA2016.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Expectancy_of_life_CIA2016.svg/280px-Expectancy_of_life_CIA2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="122" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Expectancy_of_life_CIA2016.svg/420px-Expectancy_of_life_CIA2016.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Expectancy_of_life_CIA2016.svg/560px-Expectancy_of_life_CIA2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Expectancy_of_life_CIA2016.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">Life expectancy</a> (as of 2016) varies greatly from country to country. It is lowest in certain countries in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and higher in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2016_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2016-90">[80]</a></sup> <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#0000CD; color:white;"> </span> >80</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#4169E1; color:white;"> </span> 77.5–80</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:black;"> </span> 75–77.5</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#3CB371; color:black;"> </span> 72.5–75</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#32CD32; color:black;"> </span> 70–72.5</div> </td> <td valign="top"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ADFF2F; color:black;"> </span> 67.5–70</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FFFF00; color:black;"> </span> 65–67.5</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black;"> </span> 60–65</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FF8C00; color:black;"> </span> 55–60</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FF4500; color:black;"> </span> 50–55</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div>
<p>The average number of hospital beds per 1,000 population is 2.94. It is highest in Switzerland (18.3) and lowest in Mexico (1.1)<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[81]</a></sup>
</p><p>96% of the urban population has access to improved drinking water, while only 78% of rural inhabitants have improved drinking water. A total average of 87% of urban and rural have access to improved drinking water.
</p><p>4% of the urban population does not have access to improved drinking water, leaving 22% of rural people without improved drinking water with a total world population of 13% not having access to drinking water.
</p><p>76% of the urban population has access to sanitation facilities, while only 45% of the rural population has access. A total world average of 39% do not have access to sanitation facilities.
</p><p>As of 2009, there are an estimated 33.3 million people living with HIV/AIDS, which is approximately 0.8% of the world population, and there have been an estimated 1.8 million deaths attributed to HIV/AIDS.
</p><p>As of 2010, 925 million people are undernourished.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[82]</a></sup>
</p><p>Life Expectancy at Birth:
</p>
<ul><li>total population: 71.4 years</li>
<li>male: 69.1 years</li>
<li>female: 73.8 years (2015 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2016_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2016-90">[80]</a></sup></li></ul>
<p>Infant Mortality
</p>
<ul><li>total: 41.61 deaths/1,000 live births</li>
<li>male: 43.52 deaths/1,000 live births</li>
<li>female: 39.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)</li></ul>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>World historical and predicted total life expectancy at birth (1950–2050) <br /><small>UN, 2017 rev.</small><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[83]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Years
</th>
<th>LEB
</th>
<th>Years
</th>
<th>LEB
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1950–1955
</td>
<td>47.9
</td>
<td>2000–2005
</td>
<td>67.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1955–1960
</td>
<td>49.3
</td>
<td>2005–2010
</td>
<td>69.1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1960–1965
</td>
<td>51.2
</td>
<td>2010–2015
</td>
<td>70.8
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1965–1970
</td>
<td>55.5
</td>
<td>2015–2020
</td>
<td>72.0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1970–1975
</td>
<td>58.1
</td>
<td>2020–2025
</td>
<td>73.0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1975–1980
</td>
<td>60.3
</td>
<td>2025–2030
</td>
<td>73.8
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1980–1985
</td>
<td>62.1
</td>
<td>2030–2035
</td>
<td>74.7
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1985–1990
</td>
<td>63.7
</td>
<td>2035–2040
</td>
<td>75.5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1990–1995
</td>
<td>64.6
</td>
<td>2040–2045
</td>
<td>76.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1995–2000
</td>
<td>65.7
</td>
<td>2045–2050
</td>
<td>77.0
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sex_ratio">Sex ratio</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sex ratio">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:282px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Sex_ratio_total_population.PNG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sex_ratio_total_population.PNG/280px-Sex_ratio_total_population.PNG" decoding="async" width="280" height="131" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sex_ratio_total_population.PNG/420px-Sex_ratio_total_population.PNG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sex_ratio_total_population.PNG/560px-Sex_ratio_total_population.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1363" data-file-height="637" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Sex_ratio_total_population.PNG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Map indicating the human sex ratio by country. <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#E66771; color:black;"> </span> Countries with more <b>females</b> than males.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#7CFC00; color:black;"> </span> Countries with <b>similar</b> number of males and females.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#318CE7; color:black;"> </span> Countries with more <b>males</b> than females.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> No data</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div>
<p>The value for the entire <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_population" title="World population">world population</a> is 1.02 males/female,<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-94">[84]</a></sup> with 1.07 at birth, 1.06 for those under 15, 1.02 for those between 15 and 64, and 0.78 for those over 65.
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> have the highest female ratio with 0.77 males per female. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> has the highest male ratio, with 2.87 males/female. For the group aged below 15, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> has the highest female ratio with 0.96 males/female, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> and China are tied for the highest male ratio with 1.13 males/female (according to the 2006 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>).
</p><p>The "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a>" <a href="/enwiki/wiki/G7" class="mw-redirect" title="G7">G7</a> members all have a gender ratio in the range of 0.95–0.98 for the total population, of 1.05–1.07 at birth, of 1.05–1.06 for the group below 15, of 1.00–1.04 for the group aged 15–64, and of 0.70–0.75 for those over 65.
</p><p>Countries on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> tend to have a "natural" ratio of about 1.05 at birth but a very high ratio of males for those over 65 (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> 1.13, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> 2.73, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> 2.84), indicating either an above-average mortality rate for females or a below-average mortality for males, or, more likely in this case, a large population of aging male <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_worker" title="Foreign worker">guest workers</a>. Conversely, countries of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> (the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>) tend to have a "normal" ratio at birth but a very low ratio of males among those over 65 (Russia 0.46, Latvia 0.48, Ukraine 0.52); similarly, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> has a far above average male ratio at birth (1.17), and a below-average male ratio above 65 (0.67). This effect may be caused by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">emigration</a> and higher male mortality as result of higher post-Soviet era deaths; it may also be related to the enormous (by western standards) rate of alcoholism in the former Soviet states. Another possible contributory factor is an aging population, with a higher than normal proportion of relatively elderly people: we recall that due to higher differential mortality rates the ratio of males to females reduces for each year of age.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Unemployment_rate">Unemployment rate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Unemployment rate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>8.7% (2010 est.)
8.2% (2009 est.)
note: 30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%–12% unemployment (2007 est.)
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Languages">Languages</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:282px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Primary_Human_Languages_Improved_Version.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Primary_Human_Languages_Improved_Version.png/280px-Primary_Human_Languages_Improved_Version.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="110" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Primary_Human_Languages_Improved_Version.png/420px-Primary_Human_Languages_Improved_Version.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Primary_Human_Languages_Improved_Version.png/560px-Primary_Human_Languages_Improved_Version.png 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="740" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Primary_Human_Languages_Improved_Version.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Primary language families of the world (and in some cases geographic groups of families). For greater detail, see <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Distribution_of_languages_in_the_world&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distribution of languages in the world (page does not exist)">Distribution of languages in the world</a></i>.</div></div></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></div>
<p>Worldwide, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> is used widely as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> and can be seen to be the dominant language at this time. The world's largest language by native speakers is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a> which is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_language" title="First language">first language</a> of around 960 million people, or 12.44% of the population, predominantly in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> is spoken by around 330 to 400 million people, predominantly in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. Hindustani is spoken by about 370 to 420 million speakers, mostly in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> is spoken by around 280 million people. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> is spoken by around 250 million people worldwide, predominantly in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and India. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> is spoken by about 230 million speakers in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>.
</p><p>There are numerous other languages, grouped into nine major families:
</p>
<ol><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a> 46% (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_Asia" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a> 21% (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland Southeast Asia</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo languages</a> 6.4% (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Afro-Asiatic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Asiatic languages">Afro-Asiatic languages</a> 6.0% (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_Asia" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a> 5.9% (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian languages</a> 3.7% (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic languages</a> (controversial combination of Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic families) 2.3% (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>), and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[k]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic languages</a> 1.7% (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland Southeast Asia</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tai%E2%80%93Kadai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai–Kadai languages">Tai–Kadai languages</a> 1.3% (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>)</li></ol>
<p>There are also hundreds of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_sign_languages" title="List of sign languages">non-verbal sign languages</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg/300px-World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg/450px-World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg/600px-World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:World_map_of_countries_by_literacy_rate.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>World map of countries shaded according to the literacy rate for all people aged 15 and over, as of 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[85]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>Total population: 83.7% over the age of 15 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_literacy_rate" title="List of countries by literacy rate">can read and write</a>, 88.3% male and 79.2% female<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
note: over two-thirds of the world's 793 million illiterate adults are found in only eight countries (Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan); of all the illiterate adults in the world, two-thirds are women; extremely low literacy rates are concentrated in three regions, the Arab states, South and West Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, where around one-third of the men and half of all women are illiterate (2005–09 est.)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>As of 2008, the school life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) for a man or woman is 11 years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r998391716">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa" title="Demographics of Africa">Demographics of Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Antarctica" title="Demographics of Antarctica">Demographics of Antarctica</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Asia" title="Demographics of Asia">Demographics of Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Europe" title="Demographics of Europe">Demographics of Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_America#Demographics" title="North America">Demographics of North America</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_countries_by_population" title="List of Caribbean countries by population">List of Caribbean countries by population</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Oceania" title="Demographics of Oceania">Demographics of Oceania</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_South_America" title="Demographics of South America">Demographics of South America</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_population" title="World population">World population</a></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The area figures are taken from individual national censuses according to the criteria and statistical concepts noted in the World Urbanization Prospects.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As defined by the Statistics Bureau of Japan; refers to Kanto major metropolitan area (M.M.A.)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The population of the city is composed of population in all City Districts meeting the criteria such as "contiguous built-up area", being the location of the local government, being a Street or Having a Resident Committee.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on a definition of urban agglomeration that is not restricted to state boundaries.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Greater Mumbai urban agglomeration is defined by the municipal corporations of Greater Mumbai, Kalyan-Dombivali, Navi Mumbai, Thane and Ulhasnagar, plus the municipal councils of Ambarnath, Badlapur and Mira-Bhayandar. Not to be confused with the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, which includes some additional urban and rural units.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-varies-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-varies_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-varies_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The number of people who consider themselves party to a "folk tradition" is impossible to determine.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Figures for the population of Jains differ from just over six million to twelve million due to difficulties of Jain identity, with Jains in some areas counted as a Hindu sect. Many Jains do not return Jainism as their religion on census forms for various reasons such as certain Jain castes considering themselves both Hindu and Jain. Following a major advertising campaign urging Jains to register as such, the 1981 Census of India returned 3.19 million Jains. This was estimated at the time to still be half the true number. The 2001 Census of India had 8.4 million Jains.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historically, the Baháʼí Faith arose in 19th century Persia, in the context of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>, and thus may be classed on this basis as a divergent strand of Islam, placing it in the Abrahamic tradition. However, the Baháʼí Faith considers itself an independent religious tradition, which draws from Islam but also other traditions. The Baháʼí Faith may also be classed as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">new religious movement</a>, due to its comparatively recent origin, or may be considered sufficiently old and established for such classification to not be applicable.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This list includes only independent countries, not regions.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This list includes only independent countries, not regions.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Since the Mongolic and Tungusic language families have only a relatively small number of speakers, the majority of the Altaic percentage represents speakers of Turkic languages.</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
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</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="box-Citation_style plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-citation_style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>has an unclear citation style</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citation</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">footnoting</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1011085734"/><div class="reflist">
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antarctica/">"Explore All Countries-Antarctica"</a>. <i>www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook</i>. 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook&rft.atitle=Explore+All+Countries-Antarctica&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fantarctica%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents">"Population: World"</a>. <i>worldometers.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldometers.info&rft.atitle=Population%3A+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldometers.info%2Fgeography%2F7-continents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antarctica/">"Explore All Countries-Antarctica"</a>. <i>www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook</i>. 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook&rft.atitle=Explore+All+Countries-Antarctica&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fantarctica%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mongabay.com/igapo/2005_world_city_populations/2005_city_population_01.html">"2005 World City Populations"</a>. <i>Mongabay.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mongabay.com&rft.atitle=2005+World+City+Populations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mongabay.com%2Figapo%2F2005_world_city_populations%2F2005_city_population_01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cia_world-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cia_world_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_world_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_world_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_world_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>cia world</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927055752/http://esa.un.org/wup2009/wup/source/country.aspx">"World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision Population Database"</a>. United Nations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/wup2009/wup/source/country.aspx">the original</a> on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Urbanization+Prospects%3A+The+2009+Revision+Population+Database&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Fwup2009%2Fwup%2Fsource%2Fcountry.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-US_UA_2000-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-US_UA_2000_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusreporter.org/profiles/31000US35620-new-york-newark-jersey-city-ny-nj-pa-metro-area/">Censusreporter.org</a>. Retrieved 26 June 2018.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DCO_WB_Kolkata-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DCO_WB_Kolkata_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/FrameTable4_17.htm">Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal; Kolkata District</a>. Retrieved 3 July 2008.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110223002408/http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html">"U.S. & World Population Clocks"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html">the original</a> on 23 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+%26+World+Population+Clocks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fmain%2Fwww%2Fpopclock.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/">"Geography / People"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. CIA. 22 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Geography+%2F+People&rft.date=2010-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fworld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMatt_Rosenberg2016" class="citation web cs1">Matt Rosenberg (22 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201132604/http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/popdensity.htm">"Population Density"</a>. <i>About.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/popdensity.htm">the original</a> on 1 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About.com&rft.atitle=Population+Density&rft.date=2016-07-22&rft.au=Matt+Rosenberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Fod%2Fpopulationgeography%2Fa%2Fpopdensity.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMatt_Rosenberg2019" class="citation web cs1">Matt Rosenberg (2 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/population-density-overview-1435467">"Population Density Information and Statistics"</a>. <i>ThoughtCo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&rft.atitle=Population+Density+Information+and+Statistics&rft.date=2019-01-02&rft.au=Matt+Rosenberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fpopulation-density-overview-1435467&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-unpop-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unpop_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs_Population_Division2009" class="citation journal cs1">Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf">"World Population Prospects, Table A.1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2008 revision. United Nations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=World+Population+Prospects%2C+Table+A.1&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fwpp2008%2Fwpp2008_text_tables.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Monaco government uses a smaller surface area figure resulting in a population density of 18,078 per km<sup>2</sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldchristiandatabase.org/wcd/">World Christian Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304152957/http://worldchristiandatabase.org/wcd/">Archived</a> 4 March 2007 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gordon%E2%80%93Conwell_Theological_Seminary" title="Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary">Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary</a> Centre for the Study of Global Christianity</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Pew-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pew_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/number/all/">"Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050"</a>. Pew Research Center. 2 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+Composition+by+Country%2C+2010-2050&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2015-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2015%2F04%2F02%2Freligious-projection-table%2F2010%2Fnumber%2Fall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414025804/http://www.religionfacts.com/big_religion_chart.htm">"The Big Religion Comparison Chart: Compare World Religions"</a>. ReligionFacts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religionfacts.com/big_religion_chart.htm">the original</a> on 14 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Big+Religion+Comparison+Chart%3A+Compare+World+Religions&rft.pub=ReligionFacts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religionfacts.com%2Fbig_religion_chart.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kettani, H. (2014). The World Muslim Population, History & Prospect. Singapore: Research Publishing Service</span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pewforum.org/docs/?DocID=450">"Mapping the Global Muslim Population"</a>. 7 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mapping+the+Global+Muslim+Population&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpewforum.org%2Fdocs%2F%3FDocID%3D450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091228041834/http://pewresearch.org/assets/pewforum-muslim-project/weighted-map.htm">"World distribution of muslim population"</a>. Pew Centre. October 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pewresearch.org/assets/pewforum-muslim-project/weighted-map.htm">the original</a> on 28 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+distribution+of+muslim+population&rft.pub=Pew+Centre&rft.date=2009-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpewresearch.org%2Fassets%2Fpewforum-muslim-project%2Fweighted-map.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clarke, Peter B. (editor), The Religions of the World: Understanding the Living Faiths, Marshall Editions Limited: USA (1993); pg. 125</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000816004118/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html">Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990422162501/http://www.adherents.com/">adherents.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5mqurhEL9?url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html">Archived</a> 17 January 2010 at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WebCite" title="WebCite">WebCite</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ciawf-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ciawf_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciawf_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciawf_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/">World</a>". <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a></i>, 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/">[1]</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fischer-Schreiber, Ingrid, et al. <i>The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy & Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen</i>. Shambhala: Boston (English: pub. 1994; orig. German: 1986); pg. 50.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/forum/story/2008/03/080323_tibet_analysis.shtml">"Tây Tạng một cái nhìn toàn cục"</a> (in Vietnamese). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 23 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%A2y+T%E1%BA%A1ng+m%E1%BB%99t+c%C3%A1i+nh%C3%ACn+to%C3%A0n+c%E1%BB%A5c&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2008-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fvietnamese%2Fforum%2Fstory%2F2008%2F03%2F080323_tibet_analysis.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=468&Itemid=206">Asia Sentinel – How Now Tao?</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/chapter_11.pdf">Japanese government</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325031920/http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/pdf/chapter_11.pdf">Archived</a> 25 March 2009 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indian Registrar General & Census Commissioner. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx">Religious Composition</a>". <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a></i>, 2001</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ARDAWorld2010-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ARDAWorld2010_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_125.asp">"QuickLists: World Religions (2010)"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a></i>. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2020</span>. <q>Baha'is (sic) 7,305,110</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Association+of+Religion+Data+Archives&rft.atitle=QuickLists%3A+World+Religions+%282010%29&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2FQL2010%2FQuickList_125.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-britannica_stats-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_stats_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2002" class="citation book cs1">Encyclopædia Britannica (2002). "Worldwide Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-2002". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85229-555-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85229-555-7"><bdi>978-0-85229-555-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Worldwide+Adherents+of+All+Religions+by+Six+Continental+Areas%2C+Mid-2002&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-85229-555-7&rft.au=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMacEoin2000" class="citation book cs1">MacEoin, Denis (2000). "Baha'i Faith". In Hinnells, John R. (ed.). <i>The New Penguin Handbook of Living Religions: Second Edition</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penguin_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin books">Penguin</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-051480-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-051480-3"><bdi>978-0-14-051480-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baha%27i+Faith&rft.btitle=The+New+Penguin+Handbook+of+Living+Religions%3A+Second+Edition&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-14-051480-3&rft.aulast=MacEoin&rft.aufirst=Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ARDA2010-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ARDA2010_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp">"QuickLists: Most Baha'i (sic) Nations (2010)"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a></i>. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Association+of+Religion+Data+Archives&rft.atitle=QuickLists%3A+Most+Baha%27i+%28sic%29+Nations+%282010%29&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2FQL2010%2FQuickList_40.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sergei Blagov. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lecaodaisme.free.fr/caodainet/English/Htm/Caodai_inVN_SB.htm">Caodaism in Vietnam : Religion vs Restrictions and Persecution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009035436/http://lecaodaisme.free.fr/caodainet/English/Htm/Caodai_inVN_SB.htm">Archived</a> 2011-10-09 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". IARF World Congress, Vancouver, Canada, 31 July 1999.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Self-reported figures from 1999; North Korea only (South Korean followers are minimal according to self-reported figures). In <i>The A to Z of New Religious Movements</i> by George D. Chryssides. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5588-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5588-5">978-0-8108-5588-5</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-shukyo-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shukyo_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shukyo_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Self-reported figures printed in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Sports,_Science_and_Technology" title="Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology">Japanese Ministry of Education</a>'s 宗教年間 <i>Shuukyou Nenkan</i>, 2003</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa (Detroit: Thompson Gale, 2004) p. 82</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clarke, Peter B. (editor), <i>The Religions of the World: Understanding the Living Faiths</i>, Marshall Editions Limited: USA (1993); pg. 208. "Sekai Kyuseikyo has about one million members, a growing number of them in the west and the third world, especially Brazil and Thailand. "</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonard E. Barrett. <i>The Rastafarians: Sounds of Cultural Dissonance</i>. Beacon Press, 1988. p. viii.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm">American Religious Identification Survey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5xz5wR2qx?url=http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm">Archived</a> 16 April 2011 at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WebCite" title="WebCite">WebCite</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Global_Christianity-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFAnalysis2011" class="citation web cs1">Analysis (19 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-exec.aspx">"Global Christianity"</a>. Pew Research Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Christianity&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.au=Analysis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2FChristian%2FGlobal-Christianity-exec.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Pew_Research_Center1-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pew_Research_Center1_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2018/10/29/eastern-and-western-europeans-differ-on-importance-of-religion-views-of-minorities-and-key-social-issues/">"Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center</i>. 29 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Eastern+and+Western+Europeans+Differ+on+Importance+of+Religion%2C+Views+of+Minorities%2C+and+Key+Social+Issues&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2018%2F10%2F29%2Feastern-and-western-europeans-differ-on-importance-of-religion-views-of-minorities-and-key-social-issues%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The results have been studied and found "highly correlated with other sources of data", but "consistently gave a higher estimate for percent Christian in comparison to other cross-national data sets." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFHsuReynoldsHackettGibbon2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hsu, Becky; Reynolds, Amy; Hackett, Conrad; Gibbon, James (9 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100326175049/http://www.princeton.edu/~bhsu/Hsu2008.pdf">"Estimating the Religious Composition of All Nations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion</i>. <b>47</b> (4): 678–693. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-5906.2008.00435.x">10.1111/j.1468-5906.2008.00435.x</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/~bhsu/Hsu2008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Scientific+Study+of+Religion&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+Religious+Composition+of+All+Nations&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=678-693&rft.date=2008-07-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5906.2008.00435.x&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=Becky&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+Amy&rft.au=Hackett%2C+Conrad&rft.au=Gibbon%2C+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2F~bhsu%2FHsu2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-whoare-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whoare_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Community1992" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_International_Community" title="Baháʼí International Community">International Community, Baháʼí</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bahai.com/thebahais/pg14.htm">"How many Baháʼís are there?"</a>. <i>The Baháʼís</i>. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=How+many+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs+are+there%3F&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=International+Community&rft.aufirst=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bahai.com%2Fthebahais%2Fpg14.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-worldchristianencyclopedia-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-worldchristianencyclopedia_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2001" class="citation book cs1">Barrett, David A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bible.ca/global-religion-statistics-world-christian-encyclopedia.htm"><i>World Christian Encyclopedia</i></a>. p. 4. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507963-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507963-0"><bdi>978-0-19-507963-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5xz7V0tX7?url=http://www.bible.ca/global-religion-statistics-world-christian-encyclopedia.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Christian+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507963-0&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bible.ca%2Fglobal-religion-statistics-world-christian-encyclopedia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBarrettJohnson,_Todd2001" class="citation web cs1">Barrett, David; Johnson, Todd (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228224811/http://www.gordonconwell.edu/ockenga/globalchristianity/gd/wct-1-2.pdf">"Global adherents of the World's 19 distinct major religions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. William Carey Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gordonconwell.edu/ockenga/globalchristianity/gd/wct-1-2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+adherents+of+the+World%27s+19+distinct+major+religions&rft.pub=William+Carey+Library&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Todd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gordonconwell.edu%2Fockenga%2Fglobalchristianity%2Fgd%2Fwct-1-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835">"The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>. May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=The+List%3A+The+World%27s+Fastest-Growing+Religions&rft.date=2007-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Fstory%2Fcms.php%3Fstory_id%3D3835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Pew2002-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pew2002_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPew_Research_Center2002" class="citation web cs1">Pew Research Center (19 December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167">"Among Wealthy Nations U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion"</a>. Pew Research Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061008020254/http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Among+Wealthy+Nations+U.S.+Stands+Alone+in+its+Embrace+of+Religion&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2002-12-19&rft.au=Pew+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpewglobal.org%2Freports%2Fdisplay.php%3FReportID%3D167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPew_Research_Center2008" class="citation web cs1">Pew Research Center (1 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://benmuse.typepad.com/ben_muse/2008/01/wealth-and-reli.html">"Income and Religiosity"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Income+and+Religiosity&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.au=Pew+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbenmuse.typepad.com%2Fben_muse%2F2008%2F01%2Fwealth-and-reli.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-UNECE-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNECE_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations Economic Commission for Europe <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://w3.unece.org/pxweb/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=052_GEFHAge1stMarige_r&ti=Mean+Age+at+First+Marriage+by+Sex%2C+Country+and+Year&path=../DATABASE/Stat/30-GE/02-Families_households/&lang=1">"Mean age at first marriage by sex"</a>. Accessed 21 May 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/">Age structure of the world</a> – 2021 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFShackmanWangLiu" class="citation web cs1">Shackman, Gene; Wang, Xun; Liu, Yalin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gsociology.icaap.org/report/demsumAging.html">"Brief Review of World Demographic Trends Trends in Age Distributions"</a>. <i>The Global Social Change Research Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Global+Social+Change+Research+Project&rft.atitle=Brief+Review+of+World+Demographic+Trends+Trends+in+Age+Distributions&rft.aulast=Shackman&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xun&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yalin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgsociology.icaap.org%2Freport%2FdemsumAging.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-visualcapitalist.com-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-visualcapitalist.com_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-visualcapitalist.com_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Desjardins2019" class="citation news cs1">Jeff Desjardins (15 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-the-median-age-of-every-continent/">"Mapped: The Median Age of the Population on Every Continent"</a>. <i>Visual Capitalist</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visual+Capitalist&rft.atitle=Mapped%3A+The+Median+Age+of+the+Population+on+Every+Continent&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft.au=Jeff+Desjardins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visualcapitalist.com%2Fmapped-the-median-age-of-every-continent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-census1-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census1_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census1_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php">U.S. Census Bureau, January 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090701122431/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php">Archived</a> 1 July 2009 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/">World Factbook</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4994590.stm">"The end of India's green revolution?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 29 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+end+of+India%27s+green+revolution%3F&rft.date=2006-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fsouth_asia%2F4994590.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodfirst.org/media/opeds/2000/4-greenrev.html">Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090714215036/http://www.foodfirst.org/media/opeds/2000/4-greenrev.html">Archived</a> 14 July 2009 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0724/p01s01-wogi.html">"Rising food prices curb aid to global poor"</a>. <i>The Christian Science Monitor</i>. 24 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Rising+food+prices+curb+aid+to+global+poor&rft.date=2007-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2007%2F0724%2Fp01s01-wogi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_1011078.shtml">"Irish business news"</a>. <i>Finfacts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Finfacts&rft.atitle=Irish+business+news&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.finfacts.com%2Firelandbusinessnews%2Fpublish%2Farticle_1011078.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php">U.S. Census Bureau, June 2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090701122431/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php">Archived</a> 1 July 2009 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp?panel=2">UN population projections</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5tpNJ6FqS?url=http://esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp?panel=2">Archived</a> 28 October 2010 at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WebCite" title="WebCite">WebCite</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jan/02/japan-population">"Japan sees biggest population fall"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Japan+sees+biggest+population+fall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fjan%2F02%2Fjapan-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-IEApop2011-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IEApop2011_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS">CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion</a> Population 1971–2008 IEA (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf">pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf">Archived</a> 6 January 2012 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pages 83–85)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=world+population&d=PopDiv&f=variableID%3A53%3BcrID%3A900">UNdata: Crude birth rate (per 1,000 population)</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uneca.org/eca_programmes/food_security_and_sustainability/programme_overview/population/fertility/crude_world.htm">Uneca.org: Crude Birth Rates – The World and its Major Regions, 1950–2050</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110816073652/http://www.uneca.org/eca_programmes/food_security_and_sustainability/programme_overview/population/fertility/crude_world.htm">Archived</a> 16 August 2011 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nih.gov/news/health/jul2011/nichd-07.htm">Federal report shows drop in adolescent birth rate, July 7, 2011 News Release – National Institutes of Health (NIH)</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejournal.ie/ireland-has-one-of-highest-birth-and-lowest-death-rates-in-eu-189080-Jul2011/">"Ireland has one of highest birth and lowest death rates in EU"</a>. <i>Thejournal.ie</i>. 29 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thejournal.ie&rft.atitle=Ireland+has+one+of+highest+birth+and+lowest+death+rates+in+EU&rft.date=2011-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejournal.ie%2Fireland-has-one-of-highest-birth-and-lowest-death-rates-in-eu-189080-Jul2011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-guardian1-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian1_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian1_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/jul/13/more-midwives-birth-rate-40-year-high">"Call for more midwives as birth rate reaches 40-year high"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 13 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Call+for+more+midwives+as+birth+rate+reaches+40-year+high&rft.date=2011-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2011%2Fjul%2F13%2Fmore-midwives-birth-rate-40-year-high&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/health/2011/0809/1224302081071.html">"Germany faces up to its kinder surprise"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. 9 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Germany+faces+up+to+its+kinder+surprise&rft.date=2018-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Fhealth%2F2011%2F0809%2F1224302081071.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/04/01/cdc.births.decline/index.html">"CDC records rise in birth rate for women over 40"</a>. <i>CNN.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN.com&rft.atitle=CDC+records+rise+in+birth+rate+for+women+over+40&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2011%2FHEALTH%2F04%2F01%2Fcdc.births.decline%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14525525">"Taiwanese birth rate plummets despite measures"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Taiwanese+birth+rate+plummets+despite+measures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-pacific-14525525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/345.html">CIA World Factbook – Birth Rate</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/346rank.html">CIA World Factbook – Death Rate</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=PopDiv&f=variableID%3A65">UNdata: Crude death rate (per 1,000 population)</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Ziegler-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ziegler_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jean_Ziegler" title="Jean Ziegler">Jean Ziegler</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/L%27Empire_de_la_honte" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Empire de la honte">L'Empire de la honte</a></i>, Fayard, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-253-12115-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-253-12115-2">978-2-253-12115-2</a>, p.130.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2020" class="citation news cs1">Gallagher, James (15 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/health-53409521">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Jaw-dropping' world fertility rate crash expected"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=%27Jaw-dropping%27+world+fertility+rate+crash+expected&rft.date=2020-07-15&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fhealth-53409521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFNicole_Mun_Sim_Lai2016" class="citation conference cs1">Nicole Mun Sim Lai (14 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/events/pdf/expert/25/2016-EGM_Nicole%20Mun%20Sam%20Lai.pdf"><i>Global Population Age Structures and Sustainable Development</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Expert Group Meeting on Changing Population Age Structures and Sustainable Development New York, 13–14 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Global+Population+Age+Structures+and+Sustainable+Development&rft.date=2016-10-14&rft.au=Nicole+Mun+Sim+Lai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fpopulation%2Fevents%2Fpdf%2Fexpert%2F25%2F2016-EGM_Nicole%2520Mun%2520Sam%2520Lai.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-WHO2016-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2016_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2016_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2016/EN_WHS2016_AnnexB.pdf">"World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs Annex B: tables of health statistics by country, WHO region and globally"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World Health Organization. 2016. p. 110<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Health+Statistics+2016%3A+Monitoring+health+for+the+SDGs+Annex+B%3A+tables+of+health+statistics+by+country%2C+WHO+region+and+globally&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fgho%2Fpublications%2Fworld_health_statistics%2F2016%2FEN_WHS2016_AnnexB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+the+world" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_by_continent" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Demographics_by_continent" title="Template:Demographics by continent"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Demographics_by_continent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Demographics by continent (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Demographics_by_continent&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_by_continent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">Demographics</a> by continent</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa" title="Demographics of Africa">Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Antarctica" title="Demographics of Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Asia" title="Demographics of Asia">Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Europe" title="Demographics of Europe">Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of North America">North America</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Oceania" title="Demographics of Oceania">Oceania</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_South_America" title="Demographics of South America">South America</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics" title="Template:Lists of countries by population statistics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics" title="Template talk:Lists of countries by population statistics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lists_of_countries_and_territories" title="Lists of countries and territories">Lists of countries</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographic_statistics" title="Demographic statistics">population statistics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_population" title="World population">Global</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">Current population</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Demographics of the world</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_continents_and_continental_subregions_by_population" title="List of continents and continental subregions by population">Continents/subregions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_population" title="List of African countries by population">Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Antarctica" title="Demographics of Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_population" title="List of Asian countries by population">Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_population" title="List of European countries by population">Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_North_American_countries_by_population" title="List of North American countries by population">North America</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_countries_by_population" title="List of Caribbean countries by population">Caribbean</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population" title="List of Oceanian countries by population">Oceania</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_South_American_countries_by_population" title="List of South American countries by population">South America</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Americas_by_population" title="List of countries in the Americas by population">Americas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Arab_countries_by_population" title="List of Arab countries by population">Arab world</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations_by_population" title="List of member states of the Commonwealth of Nations by population">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Eurasian_countries_by_population" title="List of Eurasian countries by population">Eurasia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_population" title="List of European Union member states by population">European Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_islands_by_population" title="List of islands by population">Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_countries_by_population" title="List of Latin American countries by population">Latin America</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_countries_by_population" title="List of Middle Eastern countries by population">Middle East</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities/urban areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">World cities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_national_capitals_by_population" title="List of national capitals by population">National capitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Megalopolis" title="Megalopolis">Megalopolises</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past and future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_and_projected_future_population" title="List of countries by past and projected future population">Past and future population</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_population_estimates" class="mw-redirect" title="World population estimates">World population estimates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_states_by_population_in_1_CE" title="List of states by population in 1 CE">1</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1000" title="List of countries by population in 1000">1000</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1500" title="List of countries by population in 1500">1500</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1600" title="List of countries by population in 1600">1600</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1700" title="List of countries by population in 1700">1700</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1800" title="List of countries by population in 1800">1800</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1900" title="List of countries by population in 1900">1900</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1907" title="List of countries by population in 1907">1907</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1925" title="List of countries by population in 1925">1925</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1939" title="List of countries by population in 1939">1939</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1989" title="List of countries by population in 1989">1989</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2000" title="List of countries by population in 2000">2000</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2005" title="List of countries by population in 2005">2005</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2010" title="List of countries by population in 2010">2010</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2015" title="List of countries by population in 2015">2015</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_population_milestones_by_country" title="List of population milestones by country">Population milestones</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Population density</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">Current density</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_and_future_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by past and future population density">Past and future population density</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_real_population_density_based_on_food_growing_capacity" title="List of countries by real population density based on food growing capacity">Current real density based on food growing capacity</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Growth indicators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_rate" title="List of countries by population growth rate">Population growth rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_increase" title="List of countries by natural increase">Natural increase</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_birth_rate" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by birth rate">Birth rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_mortality_rate" title="List of countries by mortality rate">Mortality rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependencies_by_total_fertility_rate" title="List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate">Fertility rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_fertility_rate" title="List of countries by past fertility rate">Past fertility rate</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_age_at_first_marriage" title="List of countries by age at first marriage">Age at first marriage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_age_structure" title="List of countries by age structure">Age structure</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_dependency_ratio" title="List of countries by dependency ratio">Dependency ratio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Divorce_demography" title="Divorce demography">Divorce rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_ranked_by_ethnic_and_cultural_diversity_level" title="List of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level">Ethnic and cultural diversity level</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_immigrant_population" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population">Immigrant population</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Linguistic_diversity_index" title="Linguistic diversity index">Linguistic diversity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_age" title="List of countries by median age">Median age</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_net_migration_rate" title="List of countries by net migration rate">Net migration rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_households" title="List of countries by number of households">Number of households</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_sex_ratio" title="List of countries by sex ratio">Sex ratio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_urban_population" title="List of countries by urban population">Urban population</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Urbanization_by_country" title="Urbanization by country">Urbanization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Health" title="Health">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_antidepressant_consumption" title="List of countries by antidepressant consumption">Antidepressant consumption</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stockpiling_antiviral_medications_for_pandemic_influenza" title="Stockpiling antiviral medications for pandemic influenza">Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate" title="List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate">HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_infant_and_under-five_mortality_rates" title="List of countries by infant and under-five mortality rates">Infant and under-five mortality rates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_maternal_mortality_ratio" title="List of countries by maternal mortality ratio">Maternal mortality rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_obesity_rate" title="List of countries by obesity rate">Obesity rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by past life expectancy">Past life expectancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_suffering_from_undernourishment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by percentage of population suffering from undernourishment">Percentage suffering from undernourishment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_OECD_health_expenditure_by_country_by_type_of_financing" title="List of OECD health expenditure by country by type of financing">Health expenditure by country by type of financing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate" title="List of countries by suicide rate">Suicide rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries by total health expenditure per capita">Total health expenditure per capita</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_body_mass_index" title="List of countries by body mass index">Body mass index</a> (BMI)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and innovation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloomberg_Innovation_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg Innovation Index">Bloomberg Innovation Index</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Education_Index" title="Education Index">Education Index</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Innovation_Index" title="International Innovation Index">International Innovation Index</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_literacy_rate" title="List of countries by literacy rate">Literacy rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment" title="Programme for International Student Assessment">Programme for International Student Assessment</a> (PISA)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Programme_for_the_International_Assessment_of_Adult_Competencies" title="Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies">Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Progress_in_International_Reading_Literacy_Study" title="Progress in International Reading Literacy Study">Progress in International Reading Literacy Study</a> (PIRLS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_student_skills" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by student skills">Student skills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tertiary_education_attainment" title="List of countries by tertiary education attainment">Tertiary education attainment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trends_in_International_Mathematics_and_Science_Study" title="Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study">Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study</a> (TIMSS)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Indicators" title="World Intellectual Property Indicators">World Intellectual Property Indicators</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographic_economics" title="Demographic economics">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_share_of_population_with_access_to_financial_services" title="List of countries by share of population with access to financial services">Access to financial services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_development_aid_country_donors" title="List of development aid country donors">Development aid given</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Official_Development_Assistance_received" title="List of countries by Official Development Assistance received">Official Development Assistance received</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_employment_rate" title="List of countries by employment rate">Employment rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_irrigated_land_area" title="List of countries by irrigated land area">Irrigated land area</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI">inequality-adjusted</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_planetary_pressures%E2%80%93adjusted_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by planetary pressures–adjusted HDI">planetary pressures–adjusted HDI</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_Poverty_Index" title="Human Poverty Index">Human Poverty Index</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_imports" title="List of countries by imports">Imports</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality" title="List of countries by income equality">Income equality</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_labour_force" title="List of countries by labour force">Labour force</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_share_of_income_of_the_richest_one_percent" title="List of countries by share of income of the richest one percent">Share of income of top 1%</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_millionaires" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by the number of millionaires">Number of millionaires (US dollars)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_billionaires" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by the number of billionaires">Number of billionaires (US dollars)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_living_in_poverty" title="List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty">Percentage living in poverty</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_public_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by public sector">Public sector</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_countries_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of countries by unemployment rate">Unemployment rate</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="text-align:center">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_international_rankings" title="List of international rankings">List of international rankings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lists_by_country" title="Lists by country">Lists by country</a></li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Global_human_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e6e6e6;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Population" title="Template:Population"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:#e6e6e6;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Population" title="Template talk:Population"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#e6e6e6;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Population&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:#e6e6e6;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Global_human_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_population" title="World population">Global human population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">Major topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biocapacity" title="Biocapacity">Biocapacity</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Demographics of the world</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">Human overpopulation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusian catastrophe</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_population_planning" title="Human population planning">Human population planning</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/One-child_policy" title="One-child policy">One-child policy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Two-child_policy" title="Two-child policy">Two-child policy</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Optimum_population" title="Optimum population">Optimum population</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population" title="Population">Population</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_ethics" title="Population ethics">Population ethics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">Population growth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_momentum" title="Population momentum">Population momentum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sustainable_population" title="Sustainable population">Sustainable population</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Women's reproductive rights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zero_population_growth" title="Zero population growth">Zero population growth</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">Biological and<br />related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_biology" title="Population biology">Population biology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_decline" title="Population decline">Population decline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Population density</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Physiological_density" title="Physiological density">Physiological density</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_dynamics" title="Population dynamics">Population dynamics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_model" title="Population model">Population model</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_pyramid" title="Population pyramid">Population pyramid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Projections_of_population_growth" title="Projections of population growth">Projections of population growth</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_ecology" title="Population ecology">Population<br />ecology</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earth%27s_energy_budget" title="Earth's energy budget">Earth's energy budget</a></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_%3D_PAT" title="I = PAT">I = P × A × T</a></span></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kaya_identity" title="Kaya identity">Kaya identity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malthusian_growth_model" title="Malthusian growth model">Malthusian growth model</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Overshoot_(population)" title="Overshoot (population)">Overshoot (population)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World3" title="World3">World3 model</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Modest_Proposal" title="A Modest Proposal">A Modest Proposal</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Observations_Concerning_the_Increase_of_Mankind,_Peopling_of_Countries,_etc." title="Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.">Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population" title="An Essay on the Principle of Population">An Essay on the Principle of Population</a></i></li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/How_Much_Land_Does_a_Man_Need%3F" title="How Much Land Does a Man Need?">How Much Land Does a Man Need?</a>"</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operating_Manual_for_Spaceship_Earth" title="Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth">Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_Control:_Real_Costs,_Illusory_Benefits" title="Population Control: Real Costs, Illusory Benefits">Population Control: Real Costs, Illusory Benefits</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Limits_to_Growth" title="The Limits to Growth">The Limits to Growth</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Population_Bomb" title="The Population Bomb">The Population Bomb</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Skeptical_Environmentalist" title="The Skeptical Environmentalist">The Skeptical Environmentalist</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Ultimate_Resource" title="The Ultimate Resource">The Ultimate Resource</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fatal_Misconception" title="Fatal Misconception">Fatal Misconception</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_and_Environment" title="Population and Environment">Population and Environment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_and_Development_Review" title="Population and Development Review">Population and Development Review</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_and_housing_censuses_by_country" title="Population and housing censuses by country">Population and housing censuses by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan areas by population">Metropolitan areas by population</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_population_milestones" title="World population milestones">Population milestone babies</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">Events and<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/7_Billion_Actions" title="7 Billion Actions">7 Billion Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Conference_on_Population_and_Development" title="International Conference on Population and Development">International Conference on Population and Development</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_Action_International" title="Population Action International">Population Action International</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_Connection" title="Population Connection">Population Connection</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_Matters" title="Population Matters">Population Matters</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Population_Research_Institute" title="Population Research Institute">Population Research Institute</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Voluntary_Human_Extinction_Movement" title="Voluntary Human Extinction Movement">Voluntary Human Extinction Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Population_Day" title="World Population Day">World Population Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Population_Foundation" title="World Population Foundation">World Population Foundation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fertility_and_intelligence" title="Fertility and intelligence">Fertility and intelligence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on the environment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">Migration</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#e6e6e6;"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_overpopulation" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Human overpopulation">Commons</a></b></li>
<li><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Human_overpopulation" title="Category:Human overpopulation">Human overpopulation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Human_activities_with_impact_on_the_environment" title="Category:Human activities with impact on the environment">Human activities with impact on the environment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Human_migration" title="Category:Human migration">Human migration</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1651508789 |