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Page title without namespace (page_title ) | 'Kh-22' |
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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{short description|Soviet anti-ship missile}}
{{Infobox weapon
|is_missile=yes
|name=Kh-22 <br /><small>([[NATO reporting name]]: AS-4 'Kitchen'</small>)
| image= Raduga Kh-22, side view.JPG
| image_size = 300
|caption=Kh-22 at museum
|origin=[[Soviet Union]]
|type=[[Air-to-surface missile]]
|used_by=Russia
|designer=[[MKB Raduga]]
|unit_cost=
|propellant=[[Tonka (fuel)|Tonka-250]] and [[IRFNA]]
|production_date=1962
|engine=R-201 [[Liquid-fuel rocket]]
|engine_power=
|weight={{convert|5820|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
|length={{convert|11.65|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|height=
|diameter={{convert|92|cm|in|abbr=on}}
|wingspan={{convert|300|cm|in|abbr=on}}
|speed={{convert|4.6|Mach|sigfig=2}}<ref name="Anti Shipping Missile Survey">{{citation|title=Anti Shipping Missile Survey|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/43672723/Anti-Ship-Missile|publisher=Scribd | last=Scribd|page=37}}</ref>
|vehicle_range={{convert|600|km|nmi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} (Kh-22M/MA)<ref name="Soviet/Russian Cruise Missiles">{{citation|title=Anti Shipping Missile Survey|url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-Cruise-Missiles.html#mozTocId738927|publisher=ausairpower | last=ausairpower|page=Air-Launched Cruise Missiles}}</ref>
|ceiling={{cvt|10|-|14|km|ft}} or {{cvt|27|km|ft}}
|altitude=
|filling={{convert|1000|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} RDX <br />or {{cvt|350|-|1,000|ktonTNT|PJ|lk=in}} [[thermonuclear weapon]]
|guidance=[[Inertial guidance]] followed by terminal [[active radar homing]]
|detonation=
|launch_platform=Tu-22M, Тu-22К, Тu-95К22
}}
The '''Kh-22''' ({{lang-ru|X-22}}; AS-4 'Kitchen') is a large, long-range [[anti-ship missile]] developed by [[MKB Raduga]] in the [[Soviet Union]]. It was intended for use against [[US Navy]] [[aircraft carrier]]s and [[carrier battle group]]s, with either a conventional or [[nuclear warhead]].
==Development==
After analyzing [[:Category:Naval battles and operations of World War II|World War II naval battles]] and encounters in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Soviet military thinkers concluded that the era of large seaborne battles was over, and that [[Standoff (missile)|stand-off]] attacks would be the way to neutralize and incapacitate large [[Carrier battle group|battle group]]s without having to field a similar force against them. Substituting cruise missiles for air attacks, [[Soviet Air Forces]] and [[AV-MF|Soviet Naval Aviation]] commanders set about to convert their heavy bombers to ''raketonosets'', or missile carriers, which could be launched against approaching enemy fleets from coastal or island airfields. The Kh-22 (Complex 22) weapon was developed by the [[MKB Raduga|Raduga design bureau]] and used to arm the [[Tupolev Tu-22M]].
==Design==
The Kh-22 uses an Tumanski liquid-fuel [[rocket engine]], fueled with TG-02 ([[Tonka-250]]) and IRFNA (inhibited [[red fuming nitric acid]]), giving it a maximum speed of [[Mach number|Mach 4.6]] and a range of up to {{convert|600|km|nmi|abbr=on}}. It can be launched in either high-altitude or low-altitude mode. In high-altitude mode, it climbs to an altitude of {{convert|27000|m|abbr=on}} and makes a high-speed dive into the target, with a terminal speed of about Mach 4.6. In low-altitude mode, it climbs to {{convert|12000|m|abbr=on}} and makes a shallow dive at about Mach 3.5, The missile is guided by a [[gyroscope]]-stabilized autopilot in conjunction with a [[radio altimeter]].
Soviet tests revealed that when a [[shaped charge]] warhead weighing {{convert|1000|kg|abbr=on}} was used in the missile, the resulting hole measured {{convert|5|m|abbr=on}} in diameter, {{convert|19.6|m2|ft2|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} in area, and was {{convert|12|m|abbr=on|-1}} deep.<ref>[http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Regional-PGM.html#Raduga_Kh-22M_Burya Precision Guided Munitions in the Region], Technical Report APA-TR-2007-0109, 2004 - 2012 Carlo Kopp, ausairpower.net</ref><ref>[http://vs.milrf.ru/armament/marine/krm_x22.htm КРЫЛАТАЯ РАКЕТА Х-22Н "Буря"], Д-2Н, AS-4 Kitchen, Образцы вооружений Военно - морского флота, vs.milrf.ru</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vs.milrf.ru/armament/marine/krm_x22.htm |title=Вооружения ВМФ Крылатая ракета Х-22Н |publisher=Vs.milrf.ru |access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/x22/x22.shtml |title=Крылатая ракета Х-22 (комплекс К-22) | Ракетная техника |publisher=Rbase.new-factoria.ru |access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://defendingrussia.ru/enc/pkr/protivokorabelnaja_krylataja_raketa_vozdushnogo_bazirovanija_kh22_burja-1466/ |title=п÷я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╬п╨п╬я─п╟п╠п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╨я─я▀п╩п╟я┌п╟я▐ я─п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ п╡п╬п╥п╢я┐я┬п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╠п╟п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╔-22 б╚п▒я┐я─я▐б╩ |publisher=Defendingrussia.ru |access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref><ref>http://biblioteka.mycity-military.com/biblioteka/cyber%20fulkrum/E%20N%20G%20L%20E%20S%20K%20I/AC%204%20Publication%20i%20drugo/AC_-_Tupolev_Tu-22_BLINDER___Tu-22M_BACKFIRE_Russia_s_Long_Range_Supersonic_Bombers.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=January 2022}}</ref>
By August 2016, Russia was finalizing the trials of the [[Kh-32]] cruise missile, a derivative of the Kh-22. Designed for use by the Tu-22M3 bomber, the missile is designed to climb to {{convert|40|km|ft|abbr=on}} to the [[stratosphere]] after launch, transition to level flight, then perform a steep dive to the target. The cruise missile version is also designed to target enemy ships, as well as radars, and "radio-contrast targets" like bridges, military bases, electric power plants, and others. The Kh-32 has an [[inertial navigation system]] and radar homing head, making it independent of [[GPS]]/[[GLONASS]] navigation satellites. Presumably, it has a range of {{convert|1000|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} and a speed of at least {{convert|5000|km/h|mph Mach|abbr=on}}.<ref name="navyreco24aug16">[http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4306 Next Gen Kh-32 ant-ship cruise missile tests drawing to a close in Russia] - Navyrecognition.com, 24 August 2016</ref> Apparently the missile entered service in the same year.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} Thirty-two Kh-22 missiles will be modernized to the Kh-32 level in 2018–2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2018/may-2018-navy-naval-defense-news/6227-russian-mod-to-upgrade-32-kh-22-long-range-anti-ship-missiles.html |title=Russian MoD to upgrade 32 Kh-22 long-range anti-ship missiles |publisher=Navyrecognition.com |date=2018-05-16 |access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref>
==Operational history==
[[File:X-22 under Tu-22M3.jpg|thumb|Kh-22 under a Tu-22M3]]
The first service-ready missiles were ready in 1962.
The main launch platform is the [[Tu-22M]] 'Backfire'.<ref name="Rosoboronexport">{{citation|title=AEROSPACE SYSTEMS export catalogue |url=http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030213111/http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-10-30 |publisher=Rosoboronexport State Corporation |last=Rosoboronexport Air Force Department and Media & PR Service |page=122 }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GYGV3VOUgxoC&pg=PA147&lpg=PA147 China's Military Faces the Future], James R. Lilley, David L. Shambaugh, illustrated, M.E. Sharpe, 1999, {{ISBN|0765605066}}, {{ISBN|9780765605061}}</ref> It was also used by Soviet and then Russian air forces on the [[Tupolev Tu-22|Тu-22]]К ('Blinder-B') and [[Tupolev Tu-95|Tu-95]]К22 ('Bear-G').
==Variants==
Two initial versions were built, the Kh-22 with a large conventional warhead and the Kh-22N with a 350–1000-kiloton nuclear warhead.<ref>[http://fly.hausnet.ru/spravochnik/5/05r/h-22/index.html В Полтаве готовятся к утилизации последнего бомбардировщика]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, 26 Jan 2006, aviaport.ru</ref> In the mid-1970s this was supplemented by the Kh-22P, an [[anti-radiation missile]] for the destruction of radar installations. In the 1970s the Kh-22 was upgraded to Kh-22M and Kh-22MA standard, with new attack profiles, somewhat longer range, and a [[datalink]] allowing mid-course updates.
* '''Kh-22E''' — a conventional variant for export.
* '''Kh-22M/MA''' — upgraded variants with Mach 3.3 speed and {{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=on}} range. Weighs {{cvt|5780|kg|lb}}, contains {{cvt|960|kg|lb}} of RDX.<ref>{{cite web|author=Air Power Australia |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-Cruise-Missiles.html |title=Soviet/Russian Cruise Missiles |publisher=Ausairpower.net |date=2014-01-27 |access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrLgAwAAQBAJ&q=kh-22m+missile&pg=PA100 |title=Tupolev TU-22 - Sergey Burdin - Google Książki |date=2005-11-17 |isbn=9781844152414 |access-date=2018-12-31|last1=Burdin |first1=Sergey }}</ref>
* '''Kh-32''' — a radically upgraded conventional/nuclear variant of Kh-22 with Mach 5 speed and {{convert|1000|km|mi|abbr=on}} range.<ref name="navyreco24aug16"/> It features an improved rocket motor and a new seeker head. Currently produced for the Tu-22M3 launch platform.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eng.ktrv.ru/news/publ/830.html?PHPSESSID=b55062d53f861256438076e6c6d01f44 |title=Archived copy |website=www.eng.ktrv.ru |access-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130417004410/http://www.eng.ktrv.ru/news/publ/830.html?PHPSESSID=b55062d53f861256438076e6c6d01f44 |archive-date=17 April 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dubnapress.ru/social/9370-2019-07-09-12-19-24 |title = ДМЗ им. Н.П. Федорова: важное звено обороноспособности страны}}</ref> Warhead weight has been reduced to {{convert|500|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} to improve range.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2016/08/30/New-Russian-cruise-missiles-to-hit-targets-from-130000-feet/4301472562569/ |title=New Russian cruise missiles to hit targets from 130,000 feet |publisher=UPI.com |date=2016-08-30 |access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref>
[[File:Tu-22M.Rakete.jpg|thumb|Kh-22 under a Tu-22M3]]
==Operators==
;{{RUS}}
* [[Russian Air Force]]
===Former operators===
;{{Flagcountry|Ba'athist Iraq}}
;{{USSR}}
;{{UKR}}
* 423 scrapped after Ukrainian [[Tupolev Tu-22M|Tu-22M]] fleet's decommission.<ref>[http://www.aviaport.ru/digest/2006/01/26/100145.html В Полтаве готовятся к утилизации последнего бомбардировщика], 26.01.2006, http://www.aviaport.ru</ref>
==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}
==References==
* {{cite book|last=Gordon|first=Yefim|title=Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two|year=2004|location=Hinckley, England|publisher=Midland Publishing|isbn=1-85780-188-1}}
*{{cite magazine|last=Healey|first=John K.|title=Retired Warriors: 'Cold War' Bomber Legacy |magazine=[[Air Enthusiast]] |date=January–February 2004|issue=109 |pages=75–79 |issn=0143-5450}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Raduga Kh-22}}
* [http://airwar.ru/weapon/kr/x22.html Х-22 БУРЯ] {{in lang|ru}}
* [http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/6088-new-kh-32-antiship-missile-becomes-operational-in-russia-part-1.html New Kh-32 Antiship Missile Becomes Operational in Russia - part 1] Navy Recognition
* [http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/6094-new-kh-32-antiship-missile-becomes-operational-in-russia-part-2.html New Kh-32 Antiship Missile Becomes Operational in Russia - part 2] Navy Recognition
{{Russian and Soviet missiles|ASM}}
{{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
[[Category:Cold War anti-ship missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Nuclear air-to-surface missiles]]
[[Category:Anti-ship missiles of the Soviet Union|Kh-022]]
[[Category:Anti-ship missiles of Russia|Kh-022]]
[[Category:Air-to-surface missiles of Russia|Kh-022]]
[[Category:Air-to-surface missiles of the Soviet Union|Kh-022]]
[[Category:MKB Raduga products]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{short description|Soviet anti-ship missile}}
{{Infobox weapon
|is_missile=yes
|name=Kh-22 <br /><small>([[NATO reporting name]]: AS-4 'Kitchen'</small>)
| image= Raduga Kh-22, side view.JPG
| image_size = 300
|caption=Kh-22 at museum
|origin=[[Soviet Union]]
|type=[[Air-to-surface missile]]
|used_by=Russia
|designer=[[MKB Raduga]]
|unit_cost=
|propellant=[[Tonka (fuel)|Tonka-250]] and [[IRFNA]]
|production_date=1962
|engine=R-201 [[Liquid-fuel rocket]]
|engine_power=
|weight={{convert|5820|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
|length={{convert|11.65|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|height=
|diameter={{convert|92|cm|in|abbr=on}}
|wingspan={{convert|300|cm|in|abbr=on}}
|speed={{convert|4.6|Mach|sigfig=2}}<ref name="Anti Shipping Missile Survey">{{citation|title=Anti Shipping Missile Survey|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/43672723/Anti-Ship-Missile|publisher=Scribd | last=Scribd|page=37}}</ref>
|vehicle_range={{convert|600|km|nmi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} (Kh-22M/MA)<ref name="Soviet/Russian Cruise Missiles">{{citation|title=Anti Shipping Missile Survey|url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-Cruise-Missiles.html#mozTocId738927|publisher=ausairpower | last=ausairpower|page=Air-Launched Cruise Missiles}}</ref>
|ceiling={{cvt|10|-|14|km|ft}} or {{cvt|27|km|ft}}
|altitude=
|filling={{convert|1000|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} RDX <br />or {{cvt|350|-|1,000|ktonTNT|PJ|lk=in}} [[thermonuclear weapon]]
|guidance=[[Inertial guidance]] followed by terminal [[active radar homing]]
|detonation=
|launch_platform=Tu-22M, Тu-22К, Тu-95К22
}}
The '''Kh-22''' ({{lang-ru|X-22}}; AS-4 'Kitchen') is a large, long-range [[anti-ship missile]] developed by [[MKB Raduga]] in the [[Soviet Union]]. It was intended for use against [[US Navy]] [[aircraft carrier]]s and [[carrier battle group]]s, with either a conventional or [[nuclear warhead]].
==Development==
After analyzing [[:Category:Naval battles and operations of World War II|World War II naval battles]] and encounters in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Soviet military thinkers concluded that the era of large seaborne battles was over, and that [[Standoff (missile)|stand-off]] attacks would be the way to neutralize and incapacitate large [[Carrier battle group|battle group]]s without having to field a similar force against them. Substituting cruise missiles for air attacks, [[Soviet Air Forces]] and [[AV-MF|Soviet Naval Aviation]] commanders set about to convert their heavy bombers to ''raketonosets'', or missile carriers, which could be launched against approaching enemy fleets from coastal or island airfields. The Kh-22 (Complex 22) weapon was developed by the [[MKB Raduga|Raduga design bureau]] and used to arm the [[Tupolev Tu-22M]].
==Design==
The Kh-22 uses an Tumanski liquid-fuel [[rocket engine]], fueled with TG-02 ([[Tonka-250]]) and IRFNA (inhibited [[red fuming nitric acid]]), giving it a maximum speed of [[Mach number|Mach 4.6]] and a range of up to {{convert|600|km|nmi|abbr=on}}. It can be launched in either high-altitude or low-altitude mode. In high-altitude mode, it climbs to an altitude of {{convert|27000|m|abbr=on}} and makes a high-speed dive into the target, with a terminal speed of about Mach 4.6. In low-altitude mode, it climbs to {{convert|12000|m|abbr=on}} and makes a shallow dive at about Mach 3.5, The missile is guided by a [[gyroscope]]-stabilized autopilot in conjunction with a [[radio altimeter]].
Soviet tests revealed that when a [[shaped charge]] warhead weighing {{convert|1000|kg|abbr=on}} was used in the missile, the resulting hole measured {{convert|5|m|abbr=on}} in diameter, {{convert|19.6|m2|ft2|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} in area, and was {{convert|12|m|abbr=on|-1}} deep.<ref>[http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Regional-PGM.html#Raduga_Kh-22M_Burya Precision Guided Munitions in the Region], Technical Report APA-TR-2007-0109, 2004 - 2012 Carlo Kopp, ausairpower.net</ref><ref>[http://vs.milrf.ru/armament/marine/krm_x22.htm КРЫЛАТАЯ РАКЕТА Х-22Н "Буря"], Д-2Н, AS-4 Kitchen, Образцы вооружений Военно - морского флота, vs.milrf.ru</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vs.milrf.ru/armament/marine/krm_x22.htm |title=Вооружения ВМФ Крылатая ракета Х-22Н |publisher=Vs.milrf.ru |access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/x22/x22.shtml |title=Крылатая ракета Х-22 (комплекс К-22) | Ракетная техника |publisher=Rbase.new-factoria.ru |access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://defendingrussia.ru/enc/pkr/protivokorabelnaja_krylataja_raketa_vozdushnogo_bazirovanija_kh22_burja-1466/ |title=п÷я─п╬я┌п╦п╡п╬п╨п╬я─п╟п╠п╣п╩я▄п╫п╟я▐ п╨я─я▀п╩п╟я┌п╟я▐ я─п╟п╨п╣я┌п╟ п╡п╬п╥п╢я┐я┬п╫п╬пЁп╬ п╠п╟п╥п╦я─п╬п╡п╟п╫п╦я▐ п╔-22 б╚п▒я┐я─я▐б╩ |publisher=Defendingrussia.ru |access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref><ref>http://biblioteka.mycity-military.com/biblioteka/cyber%20fulkrum/E%20N%20G%20L%20E%20S%20K%20I/AC%204%20Publication%20i%20drugo/AC_-_Tupolev_Tu-22_BLINDER___Tu-22M_BACKFIRE_Russia_s_Long_Range_Supersonic_Bombers.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=January 2022}}</ref>
By August 2016, Russia was finalizing the trials of the [[Kh-32]] cruise missile, a derivative of the Kh-22. Designed for use by the Tu-22M3 bomber, the missile is designed to climb to {{convert|40|km|ft|abbr=on}} to the [[stratosphere]] after launch, transition to level flight, then perform a steep dive to the target. The cruise missile version is also designed to target enemy ships, as well as radars, and "radio-contrast targets" like bridges, military bases, electric power plants, and others. The Kh-32 has an [[inertial navigation system]] and radar homing head, making it independent of [[GPS]]/[[GLONASS]] navigation satellites. Presumably, it has a range of {{convert|1000|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} and a speed of at least {{convert|5000|km/h|mph Mach|abbr=on}}.<ref name="navyreco24aug16">[http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4306 Next Gen Kh-32 ant-ship cruise missile tests drawing to a close in Russia] - Navyrecognition.com, 24 August 2016</ref> Apparently the missile entered service in the same year.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} Thirty-two Kh-22 missiles will be modernized to the Kh-32 level in 2018–2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2018/may-2018-navy-naval-defense-news/6227-russian-mod-to-upgrade-32-kh-22-long-range-anti-ship-missiles.html |title=Russian MoD to upgrade 32 Kh-22 long-range anti-ship missiles |publisher=Navyrecognition.com |date=2018-05-16 |access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref>
==Operational history==
[[File:X-22 under Tu-22M3.jpg|thumb|Kh-22 under a Tu-22M3]]
The first service-ready missiles were ready in 1962.
The main launch platform is the [[Tu-22M]] 'Backfire'.<ref name="Rosoboronexport">{{citation|title=AEROSPACE SYSTEMS export catalogue |url=http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030213111/http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-10-30 |publisher=Rosoboronexport State Corporation |last=Rosoboronexport Air Force Department and Media & PR Service |page=122 }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GYGV3VOUgxoC&pg=PA147&lpg=PA147 China's Military Faces the Future], James R. Lilley, David L. Shambaugh, illustrated, M.E. Sharpe, 1999, {{ISBN|0765605066}}, {{ISBN|9780765605061}}</ref> It was also used by Soviet and then Russian air forces on the [[Tupolev Tu-22|Тu-22]]К ('Blinder-B') and [[Tupolev Tu-95|Tu-95]]К22 ('Bear-G').
Russia reportedly used Kh-22 missiles as part of its ongoing war against Ukraine beginning on or about May, 2022<ref>https://defence-ua.com/army_and_war/rashisti_dlja_udariv_po_ukrajini_vpershe_zastosuvali_radjanski_krilati_raketi_h_22-7278.html</ref>.
==Variants==
Two initial versions were built, the Kh-22 with a large conventional warhead and the Kh-22N with a 350–1000-kiloton nuclear warhead.<ref>[http://fly.hausnet.ru/spravochnik/5/05r/h-22/index.html В Полтаве готовятся к утилизации последнего бомбардировщика]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, 26 Jan 2006, aviaport.ru</ref> In the mid-1970s this was supplemented by the Kh-22P, an [[anti-radiation missile]] for the destruction of radar installations. In the 1970s the Kh-22 was upgraded to Kh-22M and Kh-22MA standard, with new attack profiles, somewhat longer range, and a [[datalink]] allowing mid-course updates.
* '''Kh-22E''' — a conventional variant for export.
* '''Kh-22M/MA''' — upgraded variants with Mach 3.3 speed and {{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=on}} range. Weighs {{cvt|5780|kg|lb}}, contains {{cvt|960|kg|lb}} of RDX.<ref>{{cite web|author=Air Power Australia |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-Cruise-Missiles.html |title=Soviet/Russian Cruise Missiles |publisher=Ausairpower.net |date=2014-01-27 |access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrLgAwAAQBAJ&q=kh-22m+missile&pg=PA100 |title=Tupolev TU-22 - Sergey Burdin - Google Książki |date=2005-11-17 |isbn=9781844152414 |access-date=2018-12-31|last1=Burdin |first1=Sergey }}</ref>
* '''Kh-32''' — a radically upgraded conventional/nuclear variant of Kh-22 with Mach 5 speed and {{convert|1000|km|mi|abbr=on}} range.<ref name="navyreco24aug16"/> It features an improved rocket motor and a new seeker head. Currently produced for the Tu-22M3 launch platform.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eng.ktrv.ru/news/publ/830.html?PHPSESSID=b55062d53f861256438076e6c6d01f44 |title=Archived copy |website=www.eng.ktrv.ru |access-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130417004410/http://www.eng.ktrv.ru/news/publ/830.html?PHPSESSID=b55062d53f861256438076e6c6d01f44 |archive-date=17 April 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dubnapress.ru/social/9370-2019-07-09-12-19-24 |title = ДМЗ им. Н.П. Федорова: важное звено обороноспособности страны}}</ref> Warhead weight has been reduced to {{convert|500|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} to improve range.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2016/08/30/New-Russian-cruise-missiles-to-hit-targets-from-130000-feet/4301472562569/ |title=New Russian cruise missiles to hit targets from 130,000 feet |publisher=UPI.com |date=2016-08-30 |access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref>
[[File:Tu-22M.Rakete.jpg|thumb|Kh-22 under a Tu-22M3]]
==Operators==
;{{RUS}}
* [[Russian Air Force]]
===Former operators===
;{{Flagcountry|Ba'athist Iraq}}
;{{USSR}}
;{{UKR}}
* 423 scrapped after Ukrainian [[Tupolev Tu-22M|Tu-22M]] fleet's decommission.<ref>[http://www.aviaport.ru/digest/2006/01/26/100145.html В Полтаве готовятся к утилизации последнего бомбардировщика], 26.01.2006, http://www.aviaport.ru</ref>
==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}
==References==
* {{cite book|last=Gordon|first=Yefim|title=Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two|year=2004|location=Hinckley, England|publisher=Midland Publishing|isbn=1-85780-188-1}}
*{{cite magazine|last=Healey|first=John K.|title=Retired Warriors: 'Cold War' Bomber Legacy |magazine=[[Air Enthusiast]] |date=January–February 2004|issue=109 |pages=75–79 |issn=0143-5450}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Raduga Kh-22}}
* [http://airwar.ru/weapon/kr/x22.html Х-22 БУРЯ] {{in lang|ru}}
* [http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/6088-new-kh-32-antiship-missile-becomes-operational-in-russia-part-1.html New Kh-32 Antiship Missile Becomes Operational in Russia - part 1] Navy Recognition
* [http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/6094-new-kh-32-antiship-missile-becomes-operational-in-russia-part-2.html New Kh-32 Antiship Missile Becomes Operational in Russia - part 2] Navy Recognition
{{Russian and Soviet missiles|ASM}}
{{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
[[Category:Cold War anti-ship missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Nuclear air-to-surface missiles]]
[[Category:Anti-ship missiles of the Soviet Union|Kh-022]]
[[Category:Anti-ship missiles of Russia|Kh-022]]
[[Category:Air-to-surface missiles of Russia|Kh-022]]
[[Category:Air-to-surface missiles of the Soviet Union|Kh-022]]
[[Category:MKB Raduga products]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -47,4 +47,6 @@
The main launch platform is the [[Tu-22M]] 'Backfire'.<ref name="Rosoboronexport">{{citation|title=AEROSPACE SYSTEMS export catalogue |url=http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030213111/http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-10-30 |publisher=Rosoboronexport State Corporation |last=Rosoboronexport Air Force Department and Media & PR Service |page=122 }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GYGV3VOUgxoC&pg=PA147&lpg=PA147 China's Military Faces the Future], James R. Lilley, David L. Shambaugh, illustrated, M.E. Sharpe, 1999, {{ISBN|0765605066}}, {{ISBN|9780765605061}}</ref> It was also used by Soviet and then Russian air forces on the [[Tupolev Tu-22|Тu-22]]К ('Blinder-B') and [[Tupolev Tu-95|Tu-95]]К22 ('Bear-G').
+
+Russia reportedly used Kh-22 missiles as part of its ongoing war against Ukraine beginning on or about May, 2022<ref>https://defence-ua.com/army_and_war/rashisti_dlja_udariv_po_ukrajini_vpershe_zastosuvali_radjanski_krilati_raketi_h_22-7278.html</ref>.
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