Examine individual changes

'{{multiple issues| {{refimprove|date=August 2020}} {{unreliable|date=August 2020}} {{tone|date=August 2020}} }} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Nobin Chandra Das | honorific_suffix = | image = Nobin Chandra Das.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name = নবীন চন্দ্র দাস | native_name_lang = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] | birth_name = | birth_date = 1845 | birth_place = [[Bagbazar]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], British India (present-day [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India) | death_date = 1925 (aged 80) | death_place = Bagbazar, Calcutta | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | monuments = | nationality = British Indian | other_names = Nobin Moira of [[Bagbazar]], [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]] of [[Rossogolla]] | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = Businessman, [[Confectionery|Confectioner]], entrepreneur | years_active = 1864–1925 | employer = | organization = | agent = | known_for = Inventor of [[Banglar Rasogolla]], [[Sandesh (confectionery)|Dedo Sandesh]], [[Sandesh (confectionery)|Aata Sandesh]], [[Sandesh (confectionery)|Kathaal Sandesh]], Abar Khabo [[Sandesh (confectionery)|Sandesh]], Kastura Pak, Baikuntha Bhog, Aam Sandesh | successor = [[Krishna Chandra Das]] ([[K.C. Das]]) | movement = [[Bengali Renaissance]] | spouse = Khirodmoni Devi | partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --> | children = 1 | parents = | relatives = [[:bn:ভোলা ময়রা|Bhola Moira]] ([[Grandfather-in-law]]) | callsign = | awards = | website = {{URL|www.kcdas.co.in}} | footnotes = }} '''Nobin Chandra Das''' (1845–1925) was a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] confectioner, entrepreneur, businessman and Bengali cultural icon of the second half of 19th century and early 20th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RR-2ktZl75o|title=Nobin Chandra Das Inventor of Rossogolla|via=YouTube|accessdate=5 October 2014}}</ref> Widely known as the creator of the iconic [[Bengali people|Bengali]] sweetmeat "[[Rosogolla]]",<ref name="rossogolla.zohosites.com">{{Cite web|url=http://rossogolla.zohosites.com/the-birth-of-a-legend.html|title=The Origin of Rossogolla|website=rossogolla.zohosites.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103223221/http://rossogolla.zohosites.com/the-birth-of-a-legend.html|archivedate=2014-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/kolkata-calcutta/restaurants/desserts/kc-das|title=KC Das|date=4 October 2014|work=Lonely Planet|accessdate=5 October 2014}}</ref> a popular limerick of 19th-century Bengal labeled him as the "[[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]] of [[Rossogolla]]"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Calcutta-celebrates-Madly-Mishti/articleshow/4902875.cms|title=Calcutta celebrates Madly Mishti|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2012/nov/23/a-sweet-rush-427483.html|title=A sweet rush|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> or simply the "Father of Rosogolla". Born and raised in [[Kolkata]] at the time of its rise to prominence as the capital of [[East India Company]]’s Indian possessions, Nobin Chandra Das's major contribution to [[Bengali culture]] and society was his innovative confectionery which created completely new sweetmeats for the [[Bengali people|Bengali]] palate. His creations constitute an important and lasting component of [[Bengali cuisine]] today. His other creations include "Abaar Khaabo", "Dedo Sondesh" and "Baikuntha Bhog"(both of which use "Kacha Pak" as the base ingredient), the well known "Kastura Pak" which serves as the refined base ingredient for [[Sandesh (confectionery)|Sandeshes]] like "Aata ([[custard apple]]) [[Sandesh (confectionery)|Sondesh]]" and "Kathaal ([[jackfruit]]) [[Sandesh (confectionery)|Sondesh]]." ==History== The [[Bengali Renaissance]] started in the second half of 19th century.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/3383405|title=Bengal renaissance|first=Anusua|last=Chowdhury|via=academia.edu}}</ref>This era also had its impact on the world of confectionery with fresh inspiration from [[Bengali people|Bengali]] confectioners of the time. In the 1860s, the man who contributed most to this evolution of Bengali confectionery was Nobin Chandra Das of [[Bagbazar]] in north Kolkata, (then known as [[sutanuti|Sutanotty]]) [[India]]. Also known as ‘Nobin Moira’ of [[Bagbazar]], he set up his sweet shop in 1866; currently located on Rabindra Sarani (then known as Chitpur Road in [[Sutanuti]]), [[Bagbazar]]. Nobin Chandra's ambition was not to run just a confectionery but to create completely original sweets. It was sometime in the year 1868 when he could create a perfectly formed sweetmeat out of fragmented clumps of [[casein]] known specifically as "[[Chhena|Chhana]]" (a variant of cottage cheese),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nishamadhulika.com/en/294-how-to-make-chhena-paneer.html|title=How to make Chhena – How to make Paneer at home|date=15 December 2011|website=Indian Vegetarian Recipes in Hindi &#124; NishaMadhulika.com}}</ref> from the old Sanskrit word "Chinna" due to its crumpled texture and sparse binding capacity. It was Nobin Chandra's accomplishment that he was able to create a perfectly homogeneous spherical sweet that was both spongy and succulent with a unique and distinctive taste, through a novel method of processing the "[[chhana]]" in boiling sugar syrup.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/history-of-rasgulla-2327.html|title=History of Rasgulla|publisher=Lifestyle.iloverussia.com|accessdate=5 October 2014}}</ref> Nobin Chandra christened this creation the "[[Rossogolla]]". ==Birth and beginnings== {{more citations needed section|date=August 2020}} Nobin Chandra was born in 1845. In 1864, driven by poverty and with little provision to complete his education, he initially started working for the Indra family, who were confectioners from Shantipur in the Nadia district of Bengal. They were distant relatives of Nobin Chandra's mother and their shop was located on Chitpur road, in Bagbazar, Kolkata. However it turned out to be a futile engagement as Nobin Chandra was reportedly humiliated by the Indras and he left the job to start something on his own. Subsequently, at the age of 18, he started a sweet-shop at [[Jorasanko]] along with a close friend. Being respectable and prosperous sugar merchants, Nobin's family did not take kindly to his decision of becoming a sweetmeat seller, due to the social constraints of the times. They disparagingly referred to him as the "moira" (a profession not held in high esteem in 19th century [[Bengal]]). Ironically, no one could have foreseen at that time that history would transform their title of contempt into one of lasting adulation. Nobin Chandra's [[Jorasanko]] business turned out to be a failure as he fell out with his friend. Moreover, In those days, sweetmeat shops depended largely on credit sales and Nobin Chandra had no resources to offer credit to his customers. Not a man to give up easily, in 1866 Nobin Chandra started a new venture with another shop on Chitpur Road situated just opposite Indra's "mithai" shop in Bagbazar, where his confectioner's career had started. Most sweetmeats made at the time were either "[[Sandesh (confectionery)|Sondesh/Sandesh]]" (a sweet exclusively for the affluent, which was remolded and popularized by Bhim Chandra Nag) or sweets made of "dal" (lentils) or flour from various grains. Choices were limited and novelty in confectionery was rare. ==Birth of Rosogolla== In the year 1868 Nobin Chandra created "[[Rossogolla]]" – which was to be his arguably most significant creation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HISTORY OF RASAGULLA-INDIANMIRROR|url=https://www.indianmirror.com/culture/indian-specialties/rasagulla.html|access-date=2020-11-30|website=www.indianmirror.com}}</ref> It was a popular sweet of his time which was affordable across all economic segments of society. It took some time for [[Rossogolla]] to become popular in the absence of advertising and media as we know it today.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/J5jK255x5F6wpRll00gVFP/Kolkata-Chromosome-Like-KC-for-rossogolla.html|title=Kolkata Chromosome: Like KC for 'rossogolla'|first=Bishwanath|last=Ghosh|date=15 November 2014|newspaper=livemint.com}}</ref> While there are multiple claims based on oral tradition about "[[Chhana]]" based sweets across other parts of eastern India, documented facts indicate that the process of "[[Chhana]]" making was introduced first into Bengal by the Dutch colonists of [[Bandel]] in the late 18th century. While a form of cottage cheese may have been extant in Indian culture for millennia, the "chhena" manufactured in those days was made by using [[citric acid]] derived from natural fruit extracts. This was a coarse and granular variety with no binding capacity and could not be made to shape into a firm and defined form. Dutch and Portuguese colonists introduced into India [[lactic acid]] (extracted from [[whey]]) to curdle milk, in the late 18th century, along with [[acetic acid]]. Nobin Chandra benefited from this knowledge that created the fine, smooth modern "chhena" with high binding capacity, that was the basic raw material on which he experimented.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://itiriti.wordpress.com/tag/history-of-bengali-sweets/|title=history of Bengali sweets &#124; itiriti}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=WP:RS Self-published sources.|date=August 2020}} However, despite synthesizing the superior variety of "[[Chhana]]" using Dutch and Portuguese technology, confectioners all across Bengal were unable to bind it into a firm form because lumps of "[[Chhana]]" in boiling sugar syrup would either form burnt clumps or crumble. Nobin Chandra's experimentation using the technology of [[reverse osmosis]] (which was commercialised in Bengal the early 1820s) finally helped him arrive at the appropriate variety of "[[Chhana]]" with the right binding capacity to form the basis of the [[Rossogolla]].<ref name="rossogolla.zohosites.com"/> One particular incident may have started rossogolla's popularity in the market. One morning a [[landau]] came to a halt at Nobin's shop. A wealthy businessman of 19th century Kolkata, [[Bhagwandas Bagla|Raibahadur Bhagwandas Bagla]], was in the carriage with his family. One of Bhagwandas’ children was thirsty, and their carriage had stopped in search of a drink of water. Nobin Chandra offered his usual hospitality but with a novelty.The little boy was given water to drink along with [[Rossogolla]]s. The child was so delighted with its unique taste that he offered it to his father. The father was equally ecstatic and immediately bought a very large quantity of [[Rossogolla]]s for his family and friends. This unorthodox ‘word of mouth’ proved a very useful tool of publicity and "Nobin Moira's" [[Rossogolla]] became famous in no time across Kolkata. ==GI Status of 'Banglar Rasogolla'== In 2017, the GI Registry granted [[Geographical indication]] status<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1--7r2Zl7TpVl9SCs_Wm0ZVwAVig20cEr/view?usp=drivesdk|title=Geographical Indication Certificate awarded to Banglar Rasogolla|access-date=17 November 2017}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/533|title=Geographical Indications Registry Page of Banglar Rasogolla}}</ref> to Banglar Rasogolla. In the entire proceedings before the Intellectual Property India<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web| url=http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GI_DOC/533/533%20-%20Reply%20to%20Examination%20Report%20-%2014-12-2016.pdf|title=Examination Report of the dessert before the Geographical Indication Registry|access-date=17 November 2017}}</ref> there is not a single mentioning of [[Rasgulla]] but Rosogolla and Rossogolla, legally establishing Banglar Rasogolla. Besides that, the names Banglar Rasogolla, Rosogolla, Rossogolla or Roshogolla are from [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/bengali|title=Bengali in English|access-date=17 November 2017}}</ref> origin, while [[Rasgulla]] is from Hindi<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/rasgulla|title=Rasgulla in Oxford Dictionaries |access-date=17 November 2017}}</ref> origin, as such intellectual property right awarded to Banglar Rasogolla differentiates it from Pahala rasgulla, [[Khiramohana]] and other desserts under the name [[Rasgulla]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ==Death and legacy== Nobin Chandra left his legacy to his son [[Krishna Chandra Das]] (1869–1934).<ref name="kcdas.co.in">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kcdas.co.in/|title=K.C. Das|website=kcdas.co.in}}</ref> Krishna Chandra enlarged the inheritance of his father's genius in the art of Bengali sweetmeats. Reinforcing the family spirit of exploration and experimentation, he himself created new sweets such as the "[[Rasmalai|Rossomalai]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tastyvasty.com/mouth-watring-bengali-recipe-rossomalai/|title=Tastyvasty.com|website=tastyvasty.com}}</ref> another perennial favourite. To popularize the Rossomalai, Krishna Chandra opened a new sweet shop at Jorasanko in 1930, but died within four years of the opening of his new shop and left the reins of the family business in the hands of his son and successor, [[Sarada Charan Das]]. ==In popular culture== In 2018, director Pavel made a film ''[[Rosogolla (film)|Rosogolla]]'' on the life of Nobin Chandra Das. Actor [[Ujaan Ganguly]] portrayed Nobin in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-24 |title=Rosogolla, the Nabin Chandra Sen biopic, is a warm-hearted ode to the beloved sweet-Entertainment News , Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rosogolla-the-nabin-chandra-sen-biopic-is-a-warm-hearted-ode-to-the-beloved-sweet-5782011.html |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> ==See also== *[[Bikalananda Kar]] * [[K.C. Das]] *[[Rasgulla]] * [[Sarada Charan Das]] * [[K.C. Das Grandsons]] * [[Bengali cuisine]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Nobin Chandra}} [[Category:1845 births]] [[Category:1925 deaths]] [[Category:Bengali culture]] [[Category:Businesspeople from Kolkata]] [[Category:Indian confectionery]] [[Category:Bengali Hindus]]'