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'{{short description|Christian saint and apostle}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} {{Distinguish|Philip the Evangelist}} {{Infobox Saint |honorific_prefix = [[Saint]] |name = Philip the Apostle |birth_date = 24 BC |death_date = 63 AD |feast_day = As ''Philip and James, Apostles'', in versions of [[General Roman Calendar]] and Protestant commemorations: <br>3 May (Philip and James, Apostles) [[General Roman Calendar of 1969|GRC 1969]],<ref name=Butler/> [[Evangelical Church in Germany|EKD]] <br>1 May [[General Roman Calendar of 1954|GRC 1954]], [[Anglican Communion]], [[Old Catholic Church|Old Catholics]], [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America|ECLA]], [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod|LCMS]] <br>11 May [[General Roman Calendar of 1960|GRC 1960]], <br>14 November [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] (Translation of relics on 31 June) <br>Armenian 17 November; Coptic 18 November |image = Rubens apostel philippus.jpg |imagesize= |caption = ''St. Philip'', by [[Peter Paul Rubens]], from his ''Twelve Apostles'' series (c. 1611), at the [[Museo del Prado]], Madrid |birth_place = [[Bethsaida]], [[Galilee]], [[Roman Empire]]<br />(modern-day [[Israel]]) |death_place = [[Hierapolis]], [[Asia (Roman province)|Asia]], [[Roman Empire]]<br />(modern-day [[Pamukkale]], [[Denizli Province|Denizli]], [[Turkey]]) |titles = [[Twelve apostles|Apostle]] and [[Martyr]] |beatified_date= |venerated_in = [[Anglicanism]]<br>[[Catholicism]]<br>[[Eastern Orthodoxy]]<br>[[Oriental Orthodoxy]]<br>[[Lutheranism]] |beatified_place= |beatified_by= |canonized_date = [[Pre-congregation#Pre-Congregation|Pre-congregation]] |canonized_place= |canonized_by= |attributes = [[Christian martyrs#Degrees of martyrdom|Red Martyr]], Elderly, bearded man, holding a basket of loaves and a [[Tau cross]] |patronage = [[Cape Verde]]; [[Hatter]]s; [[Pastry chef]]s; [[San Felipe Pueblo, New Mexico|San Felipe Pueblo]]; [[Uruguay]] |major_shrine = [[relics]] in Basilica [[Santi Apostoli, Rome]] |suppressed_date= |issues= |prayer= |prayer_attrib= }} '''Philip the Apostle''' ({{lang-el|Φίλιππος}}; [[Aramaic]]: ܦܝܠܝܦܘܣ; {{lang-cop|ⲫⲓⲗⲓⲡⲡⲟⲥ}}, ''Philippos'') was one of the [[Twelve Apostles]] of Jesus according to the [[New Testament]]. Later [[Christian tradition]]s describe Philip as the apostle who preached in [[Greece]], [[Syria (region)|Syria]], and [[Phrygia]]. In the [[Roman Rite]], the [[feast day]] of Philip, along with that of [[James the Less]], was traditionally observed on 1 May, the anniversary of the dedication of the church dedicated to them in Rome (now called the [[Santi Apostoli, Rome|Church of the Twelve Apostles]]). The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] celebrates Philip's feast day on 14 November. One of the [[Gnostic]] [[codices]] discovered in the [[Nag Hammadi library]] in 1945 bears Philip's name in its title, on the bottom line.<ref>Martha Lee Turner, ''The Gospel According to Philip: The Sources and Coherence of an Early Christian Collection'', page 9 (E. J. Brill, 1996). {{ISBN|90-04-10443-7}}</ref> ==New Testament== The [[Synoptic Gospels]] list Philip as one of the apostles. The [[Gospel of John]] recounts Philip's calling as a [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciple]] of Jesus.{{Bibleref2c|Jn|1:43|KJV}} Philip is described as a disciple from the city of [[Bethsaida]], and the evangelist connects him with [[Saint Andrew|Andrew]] and [[Saint Peter|Peter]], who were from the same town. He also was among those surrounding John the Baptist when the latter first pointed out Jesus as the [[Lamb of God]]. It was Philip who first introduced [[Nathanael (follower of Jesus)|Nathanael]] (sometimes identified with [[Bartholomew the Apostle|Bartholomew]]) to Jesus.<ref name=Kirsch>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11799a.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Philip the Apostle}}</ref> According to Butler, Philip was among those attending the wedding at Cana.<ref name=Butler>[http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/STPHILIP.HTM Butler, Alban. "St. Philip, Apostle", ''The Lives or the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints'', Vol. V, D. & J. Sadlier, & Company, 1864]</ref> Of the four Gospels, Philip figures most prominently in the Gospel of John. Jesus asks Philip how to feed the 5,000 people.<ref name=Kirsch/> Later he appears as a link to the [[Greeks|Greek]] community. Philip bore a [[Greek name]], may have spoken Greek,<ref>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/egt/john/12.htm Expositor's Greek Testament] on John 12, accessed 10 June 2016</ref> and may have been known to the Greek pilgrims in Jerusalem. He advises Andrew that certain Greeks wish to meet Jesus, and together they inform Jesus of this (John 12:21).<ref name=Kirsch/> During the [[Last Supper]], when Philip asked Jesus to show them the Father, he provides Jesus the opportunity to teach his disciples about the unity of the [[God the Father|Father]] and the [[God the Son|Son]].<ref name=Butler/> Philip the Apostle should not be confused with [[Philip the Evangelist]], who was appointed with [[Saint Stephen|Stephen]] to oversee charitable distributions (Acts 6:5).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W2443ENMnMEC&pg=PA240|title=Introducing the New Testament|last=Drane|first=John|date=2010|publisher=Lion Books|isbn=9780745955049|pages=240|language=en}}</ref> ==Christian tradition== [[File:Brooklyn Museum - Saint Philip (Saint Philippe) - James Tissot - overall.jpg|thumb|left|[[James Tissot]] – ''Saint Philip (Saint Philippe)'' – [[Brooklyn Museum]]]] Accounts of Philip's life and ministry exist in the extra-canonical writings of later Christians. However, some can be misleading, as many [[hagiography|hagiographers]] conflated Philip the Apostle with [[Philip the Evangelist]]. The most notable and influential example of this is the hagiography of [[Eusebius]], in which Eusebius clearly assumes that both Philips are the same person.<ref>For an example of Eusebius identifying Philip the Apostle with the Philip mentioned in Acts, see Eusebius of Caesarea, ''[[Church History (Eusebius)|Church History]]'', [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.viii.xxxi.html 3.31.5], retrieved 14 March 2007.</ref> As early as 1260, [[Jacobus de Voragine]] noted in his [[Golden Legend]] that the account of Philip's life given by Eusebius was not to be trusted.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.catholic-forum.com/Saints/golden189.htm |title= The Golden Legend |access-date= 14 March 2007 |publisher= catholic-forum.com |last= de Voragine |first= Jacobus |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070623234955/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/golden189.htm |archive-date= 23 June 2007 |url-status= dead}}</ref> An early extra-biblical story about St. Philip is preserved in the apocryphal ''Letter from Peter to Philip'', one of the texts in the [[Nag Hammadi Library]], and dated to the end of the 2nd century or early 3rd.<ref>Translated in James M. Robinson, editor, ''The Nag Hammadi Library'' (New York: HarperCollins, 1990), pp. 431–437</ref> This text begins with a letter from St Peter to Philip the apostle, asking him to rejoin the other apostles who had gathered at the [[Mount of Olives]]. Fred Lapham believes that this letter indicates an early tradition that "at some point between the Resurrection of Jesus and the final parting of his risen presence from the disciples, Philip had undertaken a sole missionary enterprise, and was, for some reason, reluctant to return to the rest of the Apostles." This mission is in harmony with the later tradition that each disciple was given a specific missionary charge.<ref>Fred Lapham, ''An Introduction to the New Testament Apocrypha'' (London: T & T Clark International, 2003), p. 78</ref> Lapham explains the central section, a [[Gnosticism|Gnostic]] dialogue between the risen Christ and his disciples, as a later insertion.<ref>Lapham, ''An Introduction'', p. 80</ref> [[File:Philippus San Giovanni in Laterano 2006-09-07.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of Philip in the [[Archbasilica of St. John Lateran]] by [[Giuseppe Mazzuoli (1644–1725)|Giuseppe Mazzuoli]]]] Later stories about Philip's life can be found in the anonymous ''[[Acts of Philip]]'', probably written by a contemporary of Eusebius.<ref>Craig A. Blaising, "Philip, Apostle" in ''The Encyclopedia of Early Christianity'', ed. Everett Ferguson (New York: Garland Publishing, 1997).</ref> This non-canonical book recounts the preaching and miracles of Philip. Following the resurrection of Jesus, Philip was sent with his sister [[Mariamne (sister of the Apostle Philip)|Mariamne]] and [[Bartholomew]] to preach in [[Greece]], [[Phrygia]], and [[Syria]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.meta-religion.com/World_Religions/Christianity/Other_Books/New_Testament_Apocrypha/acts_of_philip.htm#.VeZu_nvPfa0|title = Acts of Philip – especially Book 8|access-date = 14 March 2007|publisher = meta-religion.com}}</ref> Included in the ''Acts of Philip'' is an appendix, entitled "Of the Journey of Philip the Apostle: From the Fifteenth Act Until the End, and Among Them the Martyrdom." This appendix gives an account of Philip's martyrdom in the city of Hierapolis.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08|title = Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume 8|access-date = 14 March 2007|website = Christian Classics Ethereal Library|last = Schaff|first = Philip|year = 1885}}</ref> According to this account, through a miraculous healing and his preaching Philip converted the wife of the proconsul of the city. This enraged the proconsul, and he had Philip, Bartholomew, and Mariamne all tortured. Philip and Bartholomew were then [[Cross of St. Peter|crucified upside-down]], and Philip preached from his cross. As a result of Philip's preaching the crowd released Bartholomew from his cross, but Philip insisted that they not release him, and Philip died on the cross. Another legend is that he was martyred by beheading in the city of [[Hierapolis]]. Nowadays relics of Philip the Apostle are in the [[crypt]] of Basilica [[Santi Apostoli, Rome]], as well as the Church of St. Philip the Apostle in [[Cheektowaga (town), New York|Cheektowaga, New York]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stphiliptheapostleparish.org/relic-of-st-philip-the-apostle/|title=Relic of St. Philip the Apostle|access-date=24 May 2022|website=St. Philip the Apostle Parish}}</ref> ==Iconography== [[File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Philip.svg|thumb|Cross of Philip]] Philip is commonly associated with the symbol of the [[Latin cross]].<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=8 The Apostles – Saints & Angels – Catholic Online]. Catholic.org (11 June 2008). Retrieved on 28 July 2011.</ref> Other symbols assigned to Philip include: the cross with the two loaves (because of his answer to the Lord in John 6:7), a basket filled with bread, a spear with the [[patriarchal cross]], and a cross with a [[carpenter's square]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.clovertlcs.org/CTLCS%20Saints%20Symbols.htm|title = Symbols of the Saints|access-date = 1 September 2015|website = clovertlcs.org|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111016150040/http://www.clovertlcs.org/CTLCS%20Saints%20Symbols.htm|archive-date = 16 October 2011|url-status = dead}}</ref> == Veneration == Philip is [[Calendar of saints (Church of England)|remembered]] (with [[James, brother of Jesus|James]]) in the [[Church of England]] with a [[Festival (Anglicanism)|Festival]] on [[May 1|1 May]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Calendar|url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar|access-date=2021-03-27|website=The Church of England|language=en}}</ref> ==Patronage== Saint Philip is the patron saint of hatters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grube |first=Madison |title=St. Philip the Apostle and History |url=https://falconsflyer.org/13468/investigative-report/st-philip-the-apostle-and-history/ |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=The Falcon's Flyer}}</ref> ==Possible tomb location== [[File:Tomb of Philip the Apostle Hierapolis.jpg|thumb|Purported tomb of Philip the Apostle, Hierapolis.]] In 2011, Italian archaeologist Francesco D'Andria claimed to have discovered the original tomb of Philip during excavations in ancient [[Hierapolis]], close to the modern Turkish city of [[Denizli]].<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-sites/tomb-of-apostle-philip-found/ |title= Tomb of Apostle Philip Found |date= 16 August 2014 |access-date= 1 September 2015 |publisher= biblicalarchaeology.org}}</ref> This ancient three-naved basilica, the Church of the Sepulchre, is one of the focal points of an entire ancient pilgrimage hill complex dedicated to Philip. Ancient Greek prayers are carved into the walls of the tomb and church venerating Philip the Apostle, and a coin from the Byzantine era show Philip holding bread (John 6) with this specific three-naved church in the background and Martyrion in the background, removing all doubts about it being the original tomb of the Apostle and church. The church built on his Martyrion and tomb were places of intense veneration for centuries: In Philip's Church of the Sepulchre the marble floors were worn down by thousands of people. <ref>{{Cite web |last=John |title=How I Discovered the Tomb of the Apostle Philip: Interview With Archaeologist Francesco D'Andria |url=https://www.johnsanidopoulos.com/2019/11/how-i-discovered-tomb-of-apostle-philip.html |access-date=2022-04-12}}</ref> In 2012, [[Bartholomew I of Constantinople|Bartholomew]], the patriarch of Constantinople and primate of the Orthodox church, celebrated the liturgy of St. Philip here and in the Martyrion of the Apostle. ==In Islam== The [[Quran]]ic account of the [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciples]] of [[Jesus in Islam|Jesus]] does not include their names, numbers, or any detailed accounts of their lives. Muslim [[exegesis]], however, more-or-less agrees with the [[New Testament]] list and says that the disciples included [[Peter in Islam|Peter]], Philip, [[Thomas the Apostle|Thomas]], [[Bartholomew the Apostle|Bartholomew]], [[Matthew the Apostle|Matthew]], [[Andrew the Apostle|Andrew]], [[James, son of Zebedee|James]], [[Jude the Apostle|Jude]], [[John the Apostle|John]], [[James, son of Alphaeus]], and [[Simon the Zealot]].<ref>{{cite book |author1-last= Noegel|author1-first= Scott B.|author2-last= Wheeler|author2-first= Brandon M.|date= 2003|title= Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=6aTXAAAAMAAJ|location= Lanham, MD|publisher= Scarecrow Press (Rowman & Littlefield)|page= 86|isbn= 978-0810843059|quote=Muslim exegesis identifies the disciples of Jesus as Peter, Andrew, Matthew, Thomas, Philip, John, James, Bartholomew, and Simon}}</ref> ==See also== * [[Gospel of Philip]] * [[List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources]] * [[Philip the Evangelist]] * [[Portal:Catholic Church/Patron Archive/May 3|Saint Philip the Apostle, patron saint archive]] ==References== {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category|Saint Philip}} * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01626c.htm ''Catholic Encyclopedia'': Apostle] article regarding the title "Apostle" from the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070226234127/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintp21.htm Catholic Forum: ''St. Philip''] * [http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=103299 Holy, All-Praised Apostle Philip] Orthodox [[icon]] and [[synaxarion]] {{s-start}} {{s-rel|[[Catholic Church]] Titles}} {{s-new|creation}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Diocese of Hierapolis|Bishop of Hierapolis]]|years=1st century}} {{s-aft|after=[[Papias of Hierapolis]]}} {{s-end}} {{Apostles}} {{Navboxes |list= {{New Testament people}} {{Catholic saints}} {{Coptic saints}} {{Christian crosses}} }} {{Subject bar |portal1= Saints |portal2= Biography |portal3= Christianity |portal4= Bible}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1st-century Christian martyrs]] [[Category:80 deaths]] [[Category:Christian saints from the New Testament]] [[Category:People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar]] [[Category:People executed by crucifixion]] [[Category:Saints from the Holy Land]] [[Category:Twelve Apostles]] [[Category:Year of birth unknown]] [[Category:People from Bethsaida]] [[Category:Anglican saints]]'