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'{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}} {{More citations needed|date=April 2016}} {{Infobox person | name = George Cadbury | image = File:George Cadbury1917.jpg | caption = George Cadbury, aged 78 [1917] | birth_date = 19 September 1839 | birth_place = [[Edgbaston]], [[Birmingham]], [[Warwickshire]], [[England]] | death_date = {{dda|1922|10|24|1839|9|19|df=y}} | death_place = [[Northfield Manor House]], [[Birmingham]], [[Warwickshire]], [[England]] | occupation = Founder of [[Cadbury Schweppes#Cadbury's|Cadbury's]] | spouse = {{marriage|Mary Tylor|1872|1887|end=d}}<br>{{marriage|[[Elizabeth Cadbury|Elizabeth Taylor]]<br>|1888}} | children = 11, including:<br>[[Edward Cadbury]]<br>[[Egbert Cadbury]]<br>[[Marion Greeves]] | relatives = [[Richard Cadbury]] (brother) }} [[File:George Cadbury bust.jpg|right|thumb|Bronze bust at Friends meeting house, Bournville]] '''George Cadbury''' (19 September 1839 – 24 October 1922) was the third son of [[John Cadbury]], a [[Quaker]] who founded [[Cadbury Schweppes#Cadbury's|Cadbury's]] cocoa and chocolate company in Britain. He was the husband of [[Elizabeth Cadbury|Dame Elizabeth Cadbury]]. ==Background== He worked at the school for adults on Sundays for no pay, despite only going to school himself until he was fifteen.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Garden City: The Official Organ of the Garden City Association|publisher=Garden City Association}}</ref> Together with his brother [[Richard Cadbury|Richard]] he took over the family business in 1861 and founded the chocolate producer Cadbury Brothers. In 1878 they acquired 14 acres (57,000 m²) of land in open country, four miles (6&nbsp;km) south-west of [[Birmingham]], where they opened a new factory in 1879. He rented '[[Woodbrooke]]' – a [[Georgian architecture|Georgian style]] mansion built by [[Josiah Mason]], which he eventually bought in 1881. On this site, he founded in 1903 a Quaker higher educational institution for social-service oriented education – an institution that still functions as the [[Woodbrooke Quaker Study Centre]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-03|title=Woodbrooke {{!}} Quaker Learning & Research Organisation|url=https://www.woodbrooke.org.uk/|access-date=2021-01-15|language=en-GB}}</ref> In the early 20th century, he and [[John Wilhelm Rowntree]] established a Quaker study centre in the building,<ref>{{cite book|title=British Quakerism, 1860–1920: the transformation of a religious community|author=Thomas C. Kennedy|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn=0-19-827035-6|pages=177–78}}</ref> and it remains the only such centre in Europe today, offering short educational courses on spiritual and social matters to Quakers and others. He also created a hospital in Normandy called "l'hopital de Normandy". The Cadbury brothers were concerned with the quality of life of their employees and provided an alternative to grimy city life. As more land was acquired and the brothers moved the factory to a new country location, they decided to build a [[factory town]] (designed by architect [[William Alexander Harvey]]), which was not exclusive to the employees of the factory. This village became known as [[Bournville]] after the nearby river and French word for "town". The houses were never privately owned, and their value stayed low and affordable. Bournville was a marked change from the poor living conditions of the urban environment. Here, families had houses with yards, gardens, and fresh air. To the present, the town offers affordable housing.{{citation needed|date=March 2010}} The brothers cared for their employees; they both believed in the social rights of the workers and hence they installed canteens and sport grounds. Nineteen years after brother Richard died, George opened a works committee for each gender which discussed proposals for improving the firm. He also pressed ahead with other ideas, like an annuity, a deposit account and education facilities for every employee.{{citation needed|date=March 2010}} In 1901, disgusted by the imperialistic policy of the Unionist Government dominated by Colonial Secretary [[Joseph Chamberlain]], and opposed to the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]], Cadbury bought the ''[[The Daily News (UK)|Daily News]]'' and used the paper to campaign for old age pensions and against the war and [[sweatshop]] labour.<ref>{{cite book|title=A civilised savagery: Britain and the new slaveries in Africa, 1884–1926|author=Kevin Grant|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|isbn=0-415-94901-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/civilisedsavager0000gran/page/110 110]|url=https://archive.org/details/civilisedsavager0000gran/page/110}}</ref> George Cadbury was one of the prime movers in setting up [[The Birmingham Civic Society]] in 1918. Cadbury donated the [[Lickey Hills Country Park]] to the people of Birmingham. He also donated a large house in Northfield to the Birmingham Cripples Union that was used as a hospital from 1909. It is now called the [[Royal Orthopaedic Hospital]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.institutions.org.uk/hospitals/england/warks/royal_orthopaedic_hospital.htm|title=Royal Orthopaedic Hospital|access-date=3 October 2009|publisher=Rossbret Institutions Website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705084827/http://www.institutions.org.uk/hospitals/england/warks/royal_orthopaedic_hospital.htm|archive-date=5 July 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He died at his home, [[Northfield Manor House]], on 24 October 1922, aged 83. ==Family life== George Cadbury married twice. In London, [[Middlesex]], on 14 March 1872 he married Mary Tylor (born March 1849 at [[Stamford Hill]], London; died June 1887 at [[Newton Abbot]] in [[Devon]]), daughter of Quaker author [[Charles Tylor]] and wife Gulielma Maria Sparkes.<ref>{{cite book | title=Capitalists and Christians: business leaders and the churches in Britain, 1900–1960 | author=David J. Jeremy | publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] | year=1990 | isbn=0-19-820121-4 | page=100 }}</ref> She was the mother of George Jr, Mary Isabel, [[Edward Cadbury|Edward]], Henry, and Eleanor Cadbury. In [[Peckham Rye]], [[Southwark]], London, on 19 June 1888 he married [[Elizabeth Cadbury|Elizabeth Mary Taylor]]. They had six children together: Laurence John, George Norman, Elsie Dorothea, [[Egbert Cadbury|Egbert]], [[Marion Greeves|Marion Janet]], and Ursula.<!--Commenting out extensive, unsourced list of descendants His son George Cadbury Jr. ([[Edgbaston]], [[Birmingham]], [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]], June 1878 - 1954) married in [[Stafford]], [[Staffordshire]], 1 January 1902) Edith Caroline Woodall ([[Stafford]], [[Staffordshire]], September 1876 - 1935), daughter of William Woodall ([[Mardol Head]], [[Shrewsbury]], 7 January 1844 - [[Stafford]], [[Staffordshire]], 18 January 1900), master [[draper]], and wife (13 July 1869) Caroline Tanner ([[Shrewsbury]], 17 January 1842 - [[Stafford]], [[Staffordshire]], 25 August 1930), paternal granddaughter of John Woodall ([[Mardol Head]], [[Shrewsbury]], 25 June 1807 - [[Atcham]], [[Shropshire]], 4 February 1892), master [[Tailor|clothier]], [[draper]] (son of John Woodall and wife Martha Harris) and wife (25 June 1830) Elizabeth Whitridge ([[Oswestry]], [[Shropshire]], 19 March 1802 - Ravenscroft, [[Shrewsbury]], 10 January 1883) (daughter of [[Reverend|Rev.]] John Whitridge and wife Elizabeth Phillips) and maternal granddaughter of John Tanner and wife Emma .... Their son John Christopher Cadbury (1908–1909 - 25 June 1995), married secondly to Elizabeth "Betty" Hone, married firstly in [[Birmingham]], [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]], in April / June 1934 Honor Mary Milward ([[Edgbaston]], [[Warwickshire]], January / March 1909 - 1957), natural daughter of Elinor Mary Milward, born in 1879, and their son Peter Hugh George Cadbury, born on 8 June 1943, married in 1969 Sally Strouvelle, daughter of Peter Frederick Strouvelle ([[Hove]], [[Sussex]], April / June 1920), general manufacturing manager of CESCO of East London, [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]], and wife ..., paternal granddaughter of Frederick Harold Strouvelle ([[Croydon]], [[Sussex]], 1887 - ?) and wife ([[West Ham]], [[London]], Middlesex, January / March 1914) Elsa "Elsie" May Bouette ([[West Ham]], [[London]], Middlesex, July / September 1888 - 1983); Frederick Harold Strouvelle was son of John Peter Alexander Strouvelle ([[Rheinisch Forbach]], [[Lorraine]], [[July Monarchy|France]], 1833 - [[London]], [Middlesex, 18 May 1889) and wife ([[Cambridge]], [[Cambridgeshire]], 3 August 1874) Lydia Ross ([[Westmorland Whinfell]], [[Cumbria]], 1852 - ?), paternal grandson of Andreas Strouvelle or Strowelle ([[Lorraine]], [[First French Empire|France]], ca. 1810 - ?) and wife ... and maternal grandson of Alexander Ross ([[Inverness]], [[Inverness-shire]], 1815 - ?) (son of Alexander [[Clan Ross|Ross]] and wife ...) and wife ([[Kendal]], [[Cumbria]], 13 August 1843) Mary Huck ([[Fawcett Forest]], [[Westmorland]], 20 December 1811 - ?) (daughter of Thomas Huck and wife Mary Hall); Elsa "Elsie" Marie Bouette was daughter of Alfred Tranquille Bouette ([[London]], Middlesex, 1861 - [[London]], Middlesex, 1912) and wife ([[West Ham]], [[London]], Middlesex, October / December 1883) Sarah Alice Gould and paternal granddaughter of Louis Bouette (1840 - 1920) (son of Florentin Eloy Bouette ([[Bourbon Restoration in France|France]], 1816 - 1891) and wife Mary Susannah Narroway) and wife Harriet .... They were the parents of [[Eleanor Campbell, Duchess of Argyll]], and Simon Charles Cadbury, born in 1975. ===NOT IN USE at present: This family history appears non-notable, as details are presented without context; see WP:NOTGENEALOGY. If other users concur, consider deleting?--> [[File:Blue plaque George Cadbury.jpg|right|thumb|[[Blue plaque]] at George Road, Edgbaston]] ==Legacy== The George Cadbury [[Carillon]] School was opened in 2006 and is the only carillon school in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Indiana State University | url = http://www.music.iastate.edu/carillon/summerseries/2008/Summer2008.php | title = Carillon Summer series | year = 2008 | access-date = 2009-12-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100504143907/http://www.music.iastate.edu/carillon/summerseries/2008/Summer2008.php | archive-date = 2010-05-04 | url-status = dead }}</ref> George Cadbury has a miniature locomotive named after him, originally owned by the husband of his daughter Elsie Dorothea.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Downs Light Railway Trust | url = https://dlrtrust.co.uk/history | title = Downs Light Railway Trust - History | year = 2022 }}</ref> ==Biography== * Walter Stranz: ''George Cadbury'' (Shire Publications, Aylesbury, 1973) {{ISBN|0-85263-236-3}} * {{BBKL|c/cadbury_g|band=29|autor=Claus Bernet|spalten=257–261}} ==References== {{reflist}} * "Burke's Peerage and Baronetage" ==External links== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9018485/George-Cadbury Encyclopædia Britannica George Cadbury] * [http://www.woodbrooke.org.uk/ former residence of George Cadbury] * [http://eprints.utas.edu.au/6762/ Letter from George Cadbury in England to William Cooper in Australia, 1920] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cadbury, George}} [[Category:1839 births]] [[Category:1922 deaths]] [[Category:English Quakers]] [[Category:Cadbury]] [[Category:English industrialists]] [[Category:British newspaper publishers (people)]] eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee'