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'{{short description|Spanish physicist}} {{family name hatnote|Cardona|Castro|lang=Spanish}}{{Infobox scientist | name = Manuel Cardona Castro | birth_date = {{birth date|1934|9|7|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2014|7|2|1934|9|7|df=y}} | death_place = [[Stuttgart]], [[Germany]] | fields = [[Solid state physics]] | workplaces = [[Brown University]]<br>[[Buenos Aires University]]<br>[[Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research]] | alma_mater = [[Harvard University]] | known_for = ''Fundamentals of semiconductors'' | awards = [[Frank Isakson Prize for Optical Effects in Solids|Franz Isakson Prize]] (1984)<br>[[Nevill Mott Medal and Prize]] (2001) }} '''Manuel Cardona Castro''' (7 September 1934 &ndash; 2 July 2014) was a [[physicist]]. According to the [[Web of Science|ISI Citations web database]], Cardona was one of the eight most cited physicists since 1970.<ref name="ae" /> He specialized in [[solid state physics]].<ref name="fpa">{{cite web|title=Prince of Asturias Award for Technical & Scientific Research 1988|url=http://www.fpa.es/en/prince-of-asturias-awards/awards/1988-manuel-cardona-and-marcos-moshinsky.html?texto=trayectoria|publisher= [[Prince of Asturias Foundation]] |accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref> Cardona's main interests were in the fields of: [[Raman scattering]] (and other optical spectroscopies) as applied to [[semiconductor]] [[microstructure]]s,<ref name="isi">{{cite web|title=Highly Cited Researcher Cardona, Manuel|url=http://hcr3.webofknowledge.com/author.cgi?&link1=Search&link2=Search%20Results&AuthLastName=%22Cardona%22&AuthFirstName=%22Manuel%22&AuthMiddleName=&AuthMailnstName=&CountryID=-1&DisciplineID=20&id=313|publisher=Thomson ISI|accessdate=22 September 2011}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> materials with tailor-made isotopic compositions, and [[High-temperature superconductivity|high ''T''_c superconductors]], particularly investigations of electronic and vibronic excitations in the normal and superconducting state.<ref name="award1" /> ==Academic career== Cardona was born in [[Barcelona, Spain]] in 1934.<ref name=ae>{{cite web|title=Manuel Cardona - Curriculum vitae|url=http://www.ae-info.org/ae/User/Cardona_Manuel/CV|publisher=[[Academia Europaea]]|accessdate=22 September 2011}}</ref> After obtaining a Masters in physics in 1955 from [[University of Barcelona]] Cardona was awarded a fellowship to work as a graduate student at [[Harvard University]] starting in 1956.<ref name=award1 /> At Harvard he began investigations of the dielectric properties of semiconductors, in particular germanium and silicon. With this work as a thesis he received a PhD in Applied Physics at Harvard. From 1959 till 1961 he continued similar work on III-V semiconductors at the RCA Laboratories in Zurich, Switzerland.<ref name=award1 /> In 1961 he moved to the [[Sarnoff Corporation|RCA Labs]] in [[Princeton, NJ]], where he continued work on the optical properties of semiconductors and started investigations of the microwave properties of superconductors. In 1964 he became a member of the Physics Faculty of [[Brown University]] (Providence, RI).<ref name=award1 /> In June–September 1965 he taught at the University of Buenos Aires under the auspices of the Ford Foundation. In 1971 he moved to Stuttgart, Germany as a founding director of the then-recently created [[Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research]].<ref name=max>{{cite web|title=Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research: Departments|url=http://www.fkf.mpg.de/en/fr_departments.html|publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research]]|accessdate=22 September 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903090921/http://www.fkf.mpg.de/en/fr_departments.html|archivedate=3 September 2011}}</ref> Concomitantly he became scientific Member of the [[Max Planck Society]], where he became emeritus in 2000.<ref name=max /> From 1992 to 2004, Cardona served as chief editor of ''[[Solid State Communications]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Burstein |first1=Elias |last2=Pinczuk |first2=Aron |last3=van Wetering |first3=Karien |author1-link=Elias Burstein |author2-link=Aron Pinczuk |title=Manuel Cardona (1934–2014) |journal=Solid State Communications |date=October 2014 |volume=195 |page=v |doi=10.1016/S0038-1098(14)00341-X}}</ref> == Distinctions and honors == Besides receiving over at least 61 awards during his career,<ref name=ae /> Cardona held eleven honorary doctorates. Some notable honors include:<ref name=ae /> * 1964 [[American Physical Society]], Fellow * 1982 [[Narcís Monturiol Medal]], Government of Catalonia * 1984 [[Frank Isakson Prize]], [[American Physical Society]]<ref name=award2>{{cite web|title=1984 Frank Isakson Prize for Optical Effects in Solids Recipient|url=http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/prizerecipient.cfm?first_nm=Manuel&last_nm=Cardona&year=1984|publisher=[[American Physical Society]]|accessdate=22 September 2011}}</ref> * 1984 Fellow, [[Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science]] * 1984 Corresponding Member, [[Royal Academy of Sciences of Barcelona]] * 1987 Member, [[National Academy of Sciences]] of the USA * 1987 [[Grand Cross of Alfonso X el Sabio]], Spain * 1988 [[Princess of Asturias Awards|Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research]], named after the Crown Prince of Spain * 1991 Member, [[Academia Europaea]] * 1994 [[Max Planck Research Prize]], shared with E. E. Haller, Berkeley * 1995 Corresponding Member, [[Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences]] * 1997 [[List of American Physical Society prizes and awards#W|John Wheatley Award]], [[American Physical Society]]<ref name=award1>{{cite web|title=1997 John Wheatley Award Recipient|url=http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/prizerecipient.cfm?first_nm=Manuel&last_nm=Cardona&year=1997|publisher=[[American Physical Society]]|accessdate=22 September 2011}}</ref> * 1999 [[Ernst Mach Medal]], Prague * 2001 [[Nevill Mott Medal and Prize]]<ref name=mott>{{cite web|title=Nevill Mott medal recipients |url=http://www.iop.org/about/awards/subject/mott/mott-medallists/page_38571.html|publisher=Institute of Physics |accessdate=26 December 2019}}</ref> * 2009 Fellow, [[Royal Society of Canada]] * 2011 [[National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Ukraine#Vernadsky_Gold_Medal|Vernadsky Gold Medal]] of the [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]] * 2012 [[Paul Klemens Award]], Phonons Conference, Ann Arbor, MI. * 2012 [[Luis Federico Leloir Prize]], Argentina ==Publications== Cardona has authored over 1,300 scientific publications in international journals, ten monographs on solid state physics and co-authored a textbook on semiconductors.<ref name=ae /> Since 1972, Cardona has served on the Board of Editors of at least seven journals,<ref name=ae /> including being the Editor-in-Chief of ''[[Solid State Communications]]'' from 1992 to 2005.<ref name=ae /> Some of his works include: * Manuel Cardona: Modulation Spectroscopy, Academic Press 1969. Lib of Congress 55-12299 * Manuel Cardona, Gernot Günterodt and Roberto Merlin: Light Scattering in Solids I-IX (nine volumes) Springer Verlag; {{ISBN|3-540-11513-7}} * Pere Bonnin: Manuel Cardona i Castro, Fundació Catalana per a la Recerca, Barcelona 1998 {{ISBN|84-89570-18-3}} * Peter Y. Yu and Manuel Cardona, Fundamentals of semiconductors, 4 editions 1996-2000,{{ISBN|978-3-642-00709-5}} == Personal life == He died in [[Stuttgart]] in 2014,<ref name=obi>{{cite web|title=Obituary at the Max-Planck society website|url=http://www.fkf.mpg.de/5098831/Kondolenzbuch|publisher=[[Max Planck Society]]|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref> where he lived since 1971 with his wife Inge Cardona (née Hecht). He held American, German and Spanish citizenship and had 3 children<ref name=ae /> and 7 grandchildren. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External Links== * [http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/cardona-manuel.pdf Marvin L. Cohen, Francisco de la Cruz, Lothar Ley, Miles V. Klein, Michael Thewalt, and Peter Y. Yu, "Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2016)] {{Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cardona Castro, Manuel}} [[Category:1934 births]] [[Category:2014 deaths]] [[Category:Spanish physicists]] [[Category:People from Barcelona]] [[Category:University of Barcelona alumni]] [[Category:Scientists from Catalonia]] [[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:Members of the Lincean Academy]] [[Category:Harvard University alumni]] [[Category:Brown University faculty]] [[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]] [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada]] [[Category:Spectroscopists]] [[Category:Academic journal editors]]'