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'{{refimprove|date=December 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}} {{Infobox prepared food | name = Modak | image = Ukadiche Modak (Rice).jpg | caption = | alternate_name = | country = [[India]] | region = India, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore, Myanmar | course = [[Dessert]] | type = [[Dumpling]] | served = | main_ingredient = [[Rice flour]], or [[wheat flour|wheat]] and [[maida flour]], [[coconut]], [[jaggery]] | variations = Kangidan (歓喜団)<br>Khanom tom (ขนมต้ม)<br>Kuih modak<br>Kue modak<br>[[Mont lone yay baw]] (မုန့်လုံးရေပေါ်) | calories = | other = }} '''Modak''' ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: मोदक; [[Japanese language|Japanese]]: 歓喜団; [[Thai language|Thai]]: โมทกะ or ขนมต้ม; [[Malaysian language|Malaysian]]: Kuih modak; [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: Kue modak; [[Burmese language|Burmese]]: မုန့်လုံးရေပေါ်) is an [[Cuisine of India|Indian]] sweet [[dumpling]] dish popular in many Indian states and cultures. According to [[Hinduism|Hindu]] belief, it is considered one of the favourite dishes of [[Lord Ganesha]] and is therefore used in prayers.<ref name="favourite"/> The sweet filling on the inside of a modak consists of freshly grated [[coconut]] and [[jaggery]], while the outer soft shell is made from [[rice flour]] or [[wheat flour]] mixed with khava or [[maida flour]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-modak-287978|title=Modak Recipe}}</ref> There are two types of modak, fried and steamed. The steamed version (called ''ukdiche modak'')<ref>{{cite news|title= Jatra gets its flavour from Maharashtra for authentic taste|url=https://timesofindia.com/city/indore/jatra-gets-its-flavour-from-maharashtra-for-authentic-taste/articleshow/60988483.cms|location=[[Indore]]|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 October 2017|access-date=19 October 2017}}</ref> is often served hot with [[ghee]]. ==Religious significance== ===Hinduism=== Modak is considered to be the favourite sweet of the [[Hindu]] deity, [[Ganesha]].<ref name="favourite">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/a-modak-by-any-other-name/article19552392.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=A modak by any other name|last=Chef Mandaar Sukhtankar|date=24 August 2017|access-date=19 October 2017}}</ref> From it, he gets the moniker '''modakapriya''' (one who likes modak) in Sanskrit. The word modak means "small part of bliss" and it symbolises spiritual knowledge.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-09-14|title=Why is Ganapati with the right sided trunk not commonly worshipped?|url=https://www.sanatan.org/en/a/77.html|access-date=2021-04-22|website=Sanatan Sanstha|language=en-US}}</ref> During [[Ganesh Chaturthi]], the [[puja (Hinduism)|puja]] usually concludes with an offering of 21 or 101 modaks to Ganesha. Modaks made with rice flour shells are often preferred for this purpose, although wheat shell versions are also used. Local businesses outside Ganesh Temples across India usually sell pre-packed/ready-made versions of modaks. ===Japan=== In [[Japan]], a sweet similar to modak and known locally as ''kangidan'' (歓喜団), is offered to god [[Kangiten]], the Japanese version of Lord Ganesha. Kangidans are made from curds, honey, and red bean paste. They are wrapped in kneaded dough made from parched flour and shaped like a bun before they are deep fried. ===Malay world=== In the [[Malay world]], modaks are known as '''kuih modak''' (in [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]] and [[Singapore]]) or '''kue modak''' (in [[Indonesia]]). ===Myanmar=== In [[Myanmar]], modaks are known as ''[[Mont lone yay baw]]'' (မုန့်လုံးရေပေါ်) and is eaten during [[Thingyan]]. ===Thailand=== In [[Thailand]], modaks are known locally as ''[[:th:ขนมต้ม|Khanom tom]]'' (ขนมต้ม) and are offered to Phikanet or Phra Phikanesuan, the Thai version of Lord Ganesha. It is covered in coconut shreds. ==Varieties== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Type !Characteristics |- |Steamed modak (''ukadichr modak'' in the [[Marathi language]]) |Made of coconuts and sugar/jaggery. This variation is especially prepared during the Ganesh Festival. They are hand-made and cooked in a steamer. They are perishable and need to be consumed immediately.<ref name="Ukadiche modak">{{cite book|last=Khanna|first=Vikas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSTRAQAAQBAJ&q=mo&pg=PT36|title=SAVOUR MUMBAI: A CULINARY JOURNEY THROUGH INDIA's MELTING POT|publisher=Westland Limited|year=2013|location=New Delhi|isbn=9789382618959}}</ref>{{sfn|Reejhsinghani|1975|p=x [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=RwMRaDxJcWwC&oi=fnd&pg=PT10&dq=reejhsinghani+1975&ots=7tCOTMqLfS&sig=m-iuxigNuXLGt5_NlzJwfeXX8k4#v=onepage&q=modakas&f=false]}}<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last1=Reejhsinghani|first1=Aroona|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwMRaDxJcWwC&q=modakas&pg=PT10|title=Delights from Maharashtra|date=1975|isbn=9788172245184|location=New Delhi}}</ref> |- |Fried modak |Deep fried in oil instead of being steamed. Frying makes the modaks last longer and have a different taste.<ref>[http://www.boldsky.com/cookery/sweet-tooth/indian-sweets/modak-recipes-ganesh-chaturthi/types-of-modak-pf220-031027.html Modak]</ref> |- |Mawa modak |These are [[khoa]] (milk solids) based preparations that are shaped like a modak. A variety of flavors can be obtained by addition of materials such as pistachio, cardamom, chocolate, and almond. |} ==See also== {{portal|Food}} * [[List of dumplings]] * [[List of Indian sweets and desserts]] * [[Maharashtrian cuisine]] * [[List of Japanese desserts and sweets]] * [[List of Thai desserts and snacks]] * [[Ganesh]] * [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] * [[Kue]] * [[Kuih]] * [[Mantou]] * [[Mandu (dumpling)|Mandu]] * [[Manti (dumpling)|Manti]] * [[Mont lone yay baw]] ==References== {{reflist}} <ref>*[https://www.glambook.ga/2022/08/recipe-of-modak.html/ Recipe Of Modak] </ref>==External links== *[https://www.glambook.ga/2022/08/recipe-of-modak.html/ Recipe Of Modak] *[https://www.theyummyplatter.com/ukdiche-modak/ Ukdiche Modak] {{Ganesha}} {{Dumplings}} {{Bruneian cuisine}} {{Indonesian cuisine}} {{Malaysian cuisine}} {{Kue}} {{Singaporean cuisine}} [[Category:Dumplings]] [[Category:Bruneian snack foods]] [[Category:Indian desserts]] [[Category:Maharashtrian cuisine]] [[Category:Goan cuisine]] [[Category:Konkani cuisine]] [[Category:Kue]] [[Category:Hindu symbols]] [[Category:Japanese desserts and sweets]] [[Category:Malay cuisine]] [[Category:Malaysian snack foods]] [[Category:Singaporean cuisine]] [[Category:Thai desserts and snacks]] [[Category:Foods containing coconut]] [[Category:Ganesha]]'