Examine individual changes

'{{about|the "Icarus" mental health concept|other uses|Project Icarus (disambiguation)}} {{Multiple issues| {{Advert|date=February 2020}} {{Cleanup-PR|date=February 2020}} {{COI|date=February 2020}} {{Peacock|date=February 2020}} }} '''The Icarus Project''' was a media and activist endeavor broadly aligned to the [[anti-psychiatry]] movement<ref name=":1"/> and [[recovery approach]],{{citation needed|date=May 2019}} arguing that [[mental illness]] should be understood as an issue of [[social justice]] and that a person's mental state can improve through greater social support and collective liberation.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal|title=The Icarus Project: A Counter Narrative for Psychic Diversity|first=Sascha Altman|last=DuBrul|date=17 July 2014|journal=Journal of Medical Humanities|volume=35|issue=3|pages=257–271|doi=10.1007/s10912-014-9293-5|pmid=25030378|s2cid=19672691}}</ref> It shares similarities with the academic fields of Psychopolitics<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cresswell & Spandler|date=2013|title=The Engaged Academic: Academic Intellectuals and the Psychiatric Survivor Movement|journal=Social Movement Studies|volume=12 |issue=2|pages=138–154|doi=10.1080/14742837.2012.696821|s2cid=55495048|url=http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/2024/3/2024_Spandler.pdf}}</ref> and [[Mad Studies]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Castrodale|first=Mark|date=Jan 2017|title=Critical Disability Studies And Mad Studies: Enabling New Pedagogies In Practice|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312659111|journal=CJSAE, the Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education|volume=29 |issue=1|pages=49–66}}</ref> The name is derived from [[Icarus]], a hero in [[Greek mythology]], and is metaphorically used to convey that the experiences of mental distress and other extreme mental states can lead to "potential[ly] flying dangerously close to the sun."<ref name=theicarusproject1>theicarusproject [http://www.theicarusproject.net/icarus-organizational/origins-and-purpose organizational/origins-and-purpose] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019034311/http://www.theicarusproject.net/icarus-organizational/origins-and-purpose |date=October 19, 2007 }}</ref> ==History== In 2002, [[Sascha Scatter|Sascha Altman DuBrul]] wrote an article published in the ''[[San Francisco Bay Guardian]]'' about his experiences being diagnosed with [[bipolar disorder]]. He connected with Jacks McNamara, an artist and writer, who shared a desire to counter the dominant bio-psychiatric narratives about mental illness. Together, they founded the Icarus Project, which set about to diversify the language of mental health beyond the realms of Western psychiatry and psychology. The Project also sought to create spaces where people could talk freely about their lived experiences with altered mental states.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HOME |url=https://icarusprojectarchive.weebly.com/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=HOME |language=en}}</ref> Years later, musician-activist [[Bonfire Madigan Shive]]<ref name="mutha-magazine">{{cite web|url=http://muthamagazine.com/2014/05/mutha-interviews-bonfire-madigan-shive/|title=Mutha Interviews Bonfire Madigan Shive|author=Packebush, Nina|date=May 12, 2014|work=Mutha Magazine|access-date=January 1, 2015}}</ref> and counselor/activist [[Will Hall (writer)|Will Hall]] became a key leader in The Icarus Project's administration and development.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/growing-push-mad-pride-79919|title=The Growing Push for "Mad Pride"|last=Newsweek Staff|date=May 1, 2009 |work=Newsweek|access-date=September 4, 2018}}</ref> In the ''Journal of Medical Humanities'', co-founder DuBrul wrote of The Icarus Project: :Though we did not fully understand it in the early days, we were walking in the footsteps of a large body of knowledge and thought from the 1960s, grouped under the category of [[Anti-Psychiatry]]. He also noted the group and its members were inspired by a range of social trends and schools of thought including [[Anarchism in the United States|anarchism]], [[permaculture]]/sustainable ecology, [[LGBT social movements|LGBTQ]] rights, [[harm reduction]], [[Global justice movement|global justice]] movement, the [[Beat Generation]], [[Counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture]], and [[punk rock]]. He writes, "Our response to the label 'bipolar' was not a 'normal' response, which is why the Icarus Project brought a new perspective to psychic diversity. To create this perspective, we drew inspiration from many social movements and subcultural communities that came before us. So even though our response was unusual, it did not arise in a vacuum. In creating the Icarus Project, we wove together the ideas and practices in these movements to imagine a powerful new counter narrative to the dominant mental health narrative that went beyond a questioning of the language around 'bipolar' and critiqued the system itself."<ref name=":1" /> The first step, they decided, was creating a website where people who identified with "bipolar and other 'mental illness' [could] find real community and contribute to it."<ref>[http://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/off-their-meds/ News feature], ''East Bay Express'', 3 August 2005.</ref> DuBrul states that by 2003, "The Icarus Project website was up and running, and a virtual community began to evolve around the discussion forums." He notes that user-generated content online enabled The Icarus Project's growth: "We were attracting interesting people, creating discussion forums with names like 'Alternate Dimensions or Psychotic Delusions' and 'Experiencing Madness and Extreme States.' There was no place else where people who used psych meds and people who did not, people who identified with diagnostic categories and people who did not, could all talk with each other and share stories. Because of the outreach in the anarchist and activist community, there was a high percentage of creative people with a radical political analysis. And with the (seeming) anonymity of the Internet, people felt comfortable being honest and sharing intimate stories about their lives. Our website served as a refuge for a diverse group of people who were learning the ways in which new narratives could be woven about their lives."<ref name=":1" /> ==Mission== The Icarus Project's stated aims<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theicarusproject.net/mission-vision-principles/|title=Mission&Valuespage_TheIcarusProject}}</ref> are to provide a "support network and education project by and for people who experience the world in ways that are often diagnosed as mental illness." The national Icarus Collective staff is set up to support local groups instead of creating the smaller organizations themselves. The responsibilities of the local group are to gather people locally for support, education, activism, and access to alternatives to mainstream medical diagnosis and treatment.<ref name=theicarusproject2>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theicarusproject.net/about-us/icarus-project-mission-statement|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224042920/http://www.theicarusproject.net/about-us/icarus-project-mission-statement|title=theicarusproject.net|archivedate=February 24, 2007}}</ref> The Project advocates self-determination and caution when approaching psychiatric care. It encourages [[harm reduction]], alternatives to the prevailing medical model that is accepted by the vast majority of mental health professionals, and self-determination in treatment and diagnosis. Key members of The Icarus Project state that they "envision a world with more options to navigate mental health issues: options that support self-determination, center people who are most impacted by mental health-based oppression, and most critically, uplift social transformation as central to individual wellbeing."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Community Mental Health: Challenges for the 21st Century, 3rd edition|last=Rosenburg|first=Samuel J. & Jessica|publisher=Routledge|year=2018|isbn=978-1-138-91310-3|location=New York|pages=24}}</ref> In 2005, Journalist Jennifer Itzenson<ref name="Itzenson2005">{{Cite web |url=http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2005-11-01/itzenson-bipolardisorder |title=A new movement views bipolar disorder as a dangerous gift — JSCMS |date=January 24, 2007 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070124131211/http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2005-11-01/itzenson-bipolardisorder |archive-date=24 January 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> noted that the Icarus Project accepts those with a wide range of perspectives on mental health issues, but also describes "an edge of militancy within the group," particularly among those who reject medication. Itzenson also writes that while medical professionals applaud groups like the Icarus Project for providing a sense of support and community, and combating [[social stigma]]s related to bipolar and other mental health issues, the group's questioning of the medical paradigm is "misguided" and that rejecting medication is a "potentially fatal choice" for those with bipolar disorder. A Newsweek article provides the following perspective on The Icarus Project's stance towards medication: "While some critics might view Icaristas as irresponsible, their skepticism about drugs isn't entirely unfounded. Lately, a number of antipsychotic drugs have been found to cause some troubling side effects."<ref name=":2" /> Writer Mark Lukach describes in an article for ''[[Pacific Standard]]'' his experience asking co-founder Sascha Altman DuBrul about the role of psychiatric medication as a part of his wife's recovery from a bipolar diagnosis. Lukach articulates The Icarus Project's approach to self-determination in psychiatric treatment. Lukach wrote: :"As for medication, DuBrul said that he believed that the answer to the question of whether or not to use pharmaceuticals needed to be far more nuanced than yes or no. The best response might be ''maybe'', ''sometimes'', or ''only certain medications''. For instance, DuBrul shared that he takes lithium every night because he’s confident that, after four hospitalizations and over a decade with the label bipolar, the medication is a positive part of his care. Not the whole solution, but a piece."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://psmag.com/social-justice/lovely-wife-psych-ward-95567|title=My Lovely Wife in the Psych Ward|first=Mark|last=Lukach|website=Pacific Standard}}</ref> Anthropologist Erica Hua Fletcher describes Icarus Project member's diverse ways of discussing altered mental states in the ''Journal of Medical Humanities''. Fletcher writes: :While many Icarus contributors have found relief through the use of psycho-pharmaceutical interventions and other bio-psychiatric technologies, they also have experienced the limitations of medical paradigms and language to recognize the fullness of their lives. Because of this, they frequently adopt alternative words and phrases beyond bio-psychiatric terms to describe their mental states such as "neurodivergent processing," "diasporas of distressing symptoms," "sensory/cognitive/emotional trauma," or "cognitive-emotional terror." "Bipolar disorder" is interchangeable with highs and lows; "psychosis" can be seen as a reckoning; and nonconsensus realities can describe extreme experiences, which psychiatrists could label as symptoms of "schizophrenia" (such as [[Hearing Voices Movement|hearing voices]] others do not hear or seeing objects others do not see). Such alternative words and phrases do not diminish the utility of bio- psychiatric terminology nor do they directly undermine medical treatment options, yet they allow for a range of descriptors and call for attention to individual needs and desires. They call us to listen to personal stories, to forces at work within communities, and to reevaluate the languages that enframe mental illness as such." She goes on to state, "Alternative language beyond the biomedical paradigm of mental illness fosters a diversity of paradigms. Moreover, it can create a reflective space for those with mental suffering (and for their healthcare providers) to see themselves outside of a medical identity, reevaluate their self-care regimens, advocate for the care they would like to receive, and connect to others who may have similar concerns about ascribing to solely psycho-pharmaceutical interventions."<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=28891019|title=Uncivilizing "Mental Illness": Contextualizing Diverse Mental States and Posthuman Emotional Ecologies within The Icarus Project|last=Fletcher|first=Erica Hua|date=2018|doi=10.1007/s10912-017-9476-y|volume=39|issue=1|journal=J Med Humanit|pages=29–43|s2cid=46870190}}</ref> As of early 2018, Icarus Project staff describe their expertise in social activism, herbalism, and labor organizing; none is a licensed medical or mental health professional.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://theicarusproject.net/welcome-to-the-icarus-project/staff/|title=Staff & Advisory Board|website=Icarus Project}}</ref> Icarus Project advisory board members describe themselves as educators, artists, activists, writers, healers, community organizers, and other creative types and some identify as Latinx, queer, trans, people of color or mixed race, and trauma survivors; none is a licensed medical or mental health professional.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Itzenson2005" /> Leadership currently offers publications on self-care and community care, workshops and training for peers, training and talks for providers, peer support spaces, webinars, and other events.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://theicarusproject.net/what-we-do/|title=What We Do|website=Icarus Project}}</ref> ==Structure / funding== The Icarus Project is currently under the fiscal sponsorship of FJC, a non-profit 501(c)3 umbrella organization arm of an investment firm, based in New York City. The Icarus Project currently gets the bulk of its money from foundation grants, including the Ittleson Foundation,<ref name=":1" /> but it also has many individual donors. ==The Icarus Project network== Places where local chapters met included Anchorage, Alaska; Asheville, North Carolina; Atlanta, Georgia; Boston, Massachusetts; Conway, Arkansas; Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles, California (Wildflowers' Movement);<ref>{{cite web|title=Wildflowers' Movement: Mindful Peer Support, Self-Awareness, and Radical Wellness|url=http://www.wildflowersmovement.com/|website=Wildflowers' Movement|access-date=15 April 2017}}</ref> Minneapolis, Minnesota; Madison, Wisconsin; New York City, New York; Northampton, Massachusetts (Freedom Center); Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Portland, Oregon; San Francisco (Bay Area), California; Columbus, Ohio; Gainesville, Florida. ==Publications== Educational materials published by The Icarus Project have been published in Spanish, German, French, Italian, Japanese, Greek, and Bosnian/Croatian.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scattergoodfoundation.org/innovideas/icarus-project#.WqMWdqinFm-|title=Navigating the Space Between Brilliance and Madness|website=Scattergood Foundation}}</ref> Some of these publications are listed below: * ''Navigating the Space Between Brilliance and Madness; A Reader and Roadmap of Bipolar Worlds'' (2004)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resources |url=https://www.saschadubrul.com/resources |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=Transformative Mental Health Practices |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Friends Make the Best Medicine: A Guide to Creating Community Mental Health Support Networks''. (2006)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resources |url=https://www.saschadubrul.com/resources |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=Transformative Mental Health Practices |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Through the Labyrinth; A Harm Reduction Guide to Coming Off Psychiatric Drugs'' (2009)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Will |title=Coming Off Pscyh Drugs |url=http://www.willhall.net/files/ComingOffPsychDrugsHarmReductGuide2Edonline.pdf}}</ref> * ''Mindful Occupation: Rising Up without Burning Out'' (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mindfuloccupation.org/publications/|title=Mindful Occupation: The Booklet|website=mindfuloccupation.org}}</ref> * ''Madness and Oppression: Personal Paths to Transformation and Collective Liberation'' (2015)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fireweed Collective |url=https://fireweedcollective.org/ |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=Fireweed Collective |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Filmography== Films about Icarus Project members are listed below: * Ken Paul Rosenthal (2010). ''Crooked Beauty''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/28315394|title=Crooked Beauty|first=Ken Paul|last=Rosenthal|date=August 29, 2011|website=Vimeo}}</ref> 30 min. Poetic documentary featuring Jacks McNamara. In ''Mad Dance Mental Health Film Trilogy''. * Ken Paul Rosenthal (2018). ''Whisper Rapture''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kenpaulrosenthal.com/films/whisper-rapture/|title=Whisper Rapture - Ken Paul Rosenthal|website=www.kenpaulrosenthal.com}}</ref> 36 min. A doc-opera featuring Bonfire Madigan Shive. ==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Further reading== * Bradley Lewis (2006). 'A Mad Fight: Psychiatry and Disability Activism. In ''Disability Studies Reader''.' 2nd edition. Lennard Davis, ed., pp.&nbsp;3–16 New York: Routledge. * Maryse Mitchell-Brody (2007). 'The Icarus Project: Dangerous Gifts, Iridescent Visions and Mad Community Alternatives'. In Peter Stastny & Peter Lehmann (Eds.), ''Alternatives Beyond Psychiatry'' (pp.&nbsp;137–145). Berlin / Eugene / Shrewsbury: Peter Lehmann Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0-9545428-1-8}} (UK), {{ISBN|978-0-9788399-1-8}} (USA). E-Book in 2018. * Maryse Mitchell-Brody (2007). 'Das Ikarus-Projekt. Gefährliche Begabungen, schillernde Visionen und eine Gemeinschaft von Verrückten'. In Peter Lehmann & Peter Stastny (Eds.), ''Statt Psychiatrie 2'' (pp.&nbsp;141–149). Berlin / Eugene / Shrewsbury: Antipsychiatrieverlag. {{ISBN|978-3-925931-38-3}}. E-Book in 2018. * {{cite journal | last1 = Martin | first1 = Emily | year = 2010 | title = Self-Making and the Brain | journal = Subjectivity | volume = 3 | issue = 4| pages = 366–381 | doi=10.1057/sub.2010.23| doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Altman DuBrul | first1 = Sascha | year = 2014 | title = The Icarus Project: A Counter Narrative for Psychic Diversity | journal = Journal of Medical Humanities | volume = 35 | issue = 3| pages = 257–71 | doi=10.1007/s10912-014-9293-5| pmid = 25030378 | s2cid = 19672691 }} * Jeremy Andersen, Ed Altwies, Jonah Bossewitch, Celia Brown, Kermit Cole, Sera Davidow, Sascha Altman Dubrul, Eric Friedland-Kays, Gelini Fontaine, Will Hall, Chris Hansen, Bradley Lewis, Audre Lorde Project, Maryse Mitchell-Brody, Jacks McNamara, Gina Nikkel, Pablo Sandler, David Stark, [[Adaku Utah]], Agustina Vidal, and Cheyenna Layne Weber. (2017). 'Mad Resistance/Mad Alternatives: Democratizing Mental Health Care.' ''In'' ''Community Mental Health: Challenges for the 21st Century''. S J. Rosenberg, ed., pp.&nbsp;19–33. New York City, NY: Taylor & Francis. * {{cite journal | last1 = Hua Fletcher | first1 = Erica | year = 2018 | title = Uncivilizing "Mental Illness": Contextualizing Diverse Mental States and Posthuman Emotional Ecologies within The Icarus Project | journal = Journal of Medical Humanities | volume = 39 | issue = 1| pages = 29–43 | doi = 10.1007/s10912-017-9476-y | pmid = 28891019 | s2cid = 46870190 }} ==External links== * {{official website|http://theicarusproject.net}} * [https://archive.today/20120724154955/http://www.eastbayexpress.com/2005-08-03/news/off-their-meds/ East Bay Express, August 3, 2005 - Off Their Meds - Modern psychiatrists prescribe pills for hundreds of "biological" disorders. The radical mental health movement isn't so sure - By Stefanie Kalem] * [http://www.mindfreedom.org/campaign/media/mfradio/show/sascha-debrul-guest MindFreedom Radio - Sascha DuBrul of Icarus Project Next Guest on MF Radio] {{Anti-psychiatry}} [[Category:Mental health organizations in the United States]] [[Category:Anti-psychiatry]] [[Category:Disability rights organizations]] [[Category:DIY culture]] [[Category:Health and disability rights organizations in the United States]] [[Category:Zines]] [[Category:Bipolar disorder]] [[Category:Mental health activists]]'