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'{{Use British English|date=September 2011}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}} {{more footnotes|date=March 2021}} {{Infobox UK place |country = Scotland |official_name= Prestonpans |scots_name= |static_image_name= Prestonpans Old Parish Church - geograph.org.uk - 637763.jpg |static_image_caption= Prestonpans Old Parish Church |population = {{Scottish locality populations|name|POP=Prestonpans}} |population_ref = ({{United Kingdom statistics year|ScotSettlement}})<ref>{{Scotland settlement population citation}}</ref> |population_demonym = Panner(s) |os_grid_reference= NT401745 |coordinates = {{coord|55.9597|-2.961|display=inline,title}} |pushpin_map = Scotland East Lothian |map_type=Scotland |unitary_scotland= [[East Lothian Council]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[East Lothian]] |constituency_westminster= [[East Lothian (UK Parliament constituency)|East Lothian]] |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[East Lothian (Scottish Parliament constituency)|East Lothian]] |historic_county= |post_town= Prestonpans |postcode_district = EH32 |postcode_area= EH |dial_code= 01875 }} '''Prestonpans''' ({{IPAc-en|p|r|ɛ|s|t|ən|ˈ|p|æ|n|z}} {{lang-gd| Baile an t-Sagairt}}, [[Scots language|Scots]]: ''The Pans'') is a small mining town, situated approximately eight miles east of [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]], in the [[Council area]] of [[East Lothian]]. The population as of {{United Kingdom statistics year|ScotSettlementYYYY}} is{{Scottish locality populations|name|POP=Prestonpans}}. It is near the site of the 1745 [[Battle of Prestonpans]] (first called the Battle of Gladsmuir, then renamed the Battle of Tranent, and later still renamed the Battle of Prestonpans - although evidence shows the battle occurred a few miles outside of town). The town, established in the eleventh century, has a variety of important historical architecture, including: [[Preston Tower, East Lothian|Preston Tower]] and the [[doocot]] and the local [[Mercat Cross]], which is the only one of its kind in Scotland that remains in its original form and location.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} Prestonpans is "Scotland's Mural Town", with many [[mural]]s depicting local history. ==History== [[File:Unicorn on the Preston Cross, Prestonpans.jpg|thumb|left|Royal unicorn on Preston Cross]] [[File:Prestonpans Town Hall (geograph 3516238).jpg|thumb|left|[[Prestonpans Town Hall]]]] According to certain stories Prestonpans was founded in the 11th century by a traveller named Althamer, who became shipwrecked on the local beach/coastal area. Finding it impossible to get home, the survivors of the wreck decided to remain where they were and founded a settlement named Althamer in honour of their leader. Whether this story is true or not is a matter of opinion, however, when the [[monks]] of [[Newbattle]] and [[Holyrood, Edinburgh|Holyrood]] arrived in the district in 1184 there was already a settlement named 'Aldhammer' on the site of what is now Prestonpans. As this name simply means "old house" in most northern European languages it is unlikely to link to a Mr Althamer. The monks gave the settlement their own name, Prieststown or Prieston. Because of the salt [[manufacturing]] carried out by the monks using [[pans]] on the seashore, the town's name would later develop into Salt Prieststown and Salt Preston, and finally Prestonpans. One of the first post-Reformation churches was built in Prestonpans in 1596, for and at the expense of the new minister, [[John Davidson (reformer)|John Davidson]].<ref>Buildings of Scotland: Lothian, by Colin McWilliam</ref> The church was greatly re-modelled in 1774. Ten years after the original building of the new church, Prestonpans became a Parish in its own right, having previously formed part of the Parish of Tranent.{{sfn|Scott|1915|p=387}} [[Prestonpans Town Hall]] was completed in 1897.<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB43945|desc= High Street, Town Hall |access-date=3 November 2021}}</ref> ===Industry=== Salt panning was a very important industry in the early history of Prestonpans. By the beginning of the fifteenth century there were 10 salt works belonging to the town capable of producing between 800 and 900 [[bushels]] of salt per week. However, Prestonpans was not a one-industry town, and many other industries flourished in Prestonpans and contributed towards the town's growth. The discovery and mining of coal by the Newbattle monks in the early thirteenth century was arguably the first instance of coal mining in Britain. The mining of coal in Prestonpans began in the year 1210, and continued for centuries. Prestonpans at one point, had sixteen [[breweries]], all of which have closed. The oldest brewery in Prestonpans belonged to the Fowler family and was built in 1720. The Fowlers obtained it in 1756 and it was in production until the 1960s. The building was demolished in 1989 to build flats. There was a soap works in the town which at one time had an output of {{Convert|90000|lb|kg}} per annum, and also several [[pottery|potteries]] and [[brickworks]]. The town was served, for several hundred years, by the harbour at nearby [[Prestongrange]], known as [[Morrison's Haven]] or "Acheson's Haven". Fishing boats sailed from the harbour and herring was the most important catch. The harvesting of oysters was a lucrative industry up to the early twentieth century. ===Battle of Prestonpans; Heritage Trust=== {{Main|Battle of Prestonpans}} [[File:Battle of Prestonpans Cairn.jpg|thumb|left|Battle cairn]] [[File:Colonel Gardiner's Monument, Bankton House.jpg|thumb|Colonel Gardiner's Monument]] The Battle of Prestonpans (also known as the Battle of Gladsmuir) was the first significant conflict in the [[second Jacobite Rising]]. The battle took place on 21 September 1745. The Jacobite army loyal to [[James Francis Edward Stuart]] and led by his son [[Charles Edward Stuart]] defeated the army loyal to the [[House of Hanover|Hanover]]ian [[George II of Great Britain|George II]] led by [[John Cope (British Army officer)|Sir John Cope]]. The victory was a huge morale boost for the Jacobites, and a greatly [[mythology|mythologised]] version of the story entered art and legend. A memorial to the Battle of Prestonpans in the form of a modest stonemason-built [[cairn]] sits close to the battle site. An earlier (and tellingly, much larger and more impressive) monument to Colonel [[James Gardiner (British Army officer)|James Gardiner]], a Hanoverian who was mortally wounded on the field of battle, was also erected in 1853 near Bankton House where the Colonel lived. It was sculpted by [[Alexander Handyside Ritchie]]. Each year on the anniversary of the battle, a Battlefield Walk is organised by local historians, and in September 2008 the Battle of Prestonpans 1745 Trust organised a symposium on local battlefields. A memorial in the parish church commemorates "John Stuart of Phisgul...barbarously murdered by four Highlanders near the end of the Battle". [[File:BattleBus 1745.jpg|thumb|Battle of Prestonpans Heritage Trust's "Battle Bus"]] In 2006, the Battle of Prestonpans 1745 Heritage Trust was established on the initiative of the local people to ensure much better presentation and interpretation. It attracted private and [[Heritage Lottery Fund|Heritage lottery]] funding to achieve some of its initial goals. Plans include a Living History Visitor Centre in close proximity to the battlefield, authentic battle re-enactments as part of East Lothian's Triennial Battle Cycle, battle-related storytelling, paintings by Andrew Hillhouse, new historical novels, and a new 'Flowering of the Arts' including embroidery. A "Battle Bus" helped to promote the project until 2012 by when the 105-metre Battle of Prestonpans Tapestry had become a major celebrity. From September 2008, biennial symposia are being convened to explore the past, present and future of the East Lothian battlefields of Prestonpans, Dunbar and Pinkie Cleugh. In 2013, the Battle Trust published Arran Johnston's "Blood Stain'd Fields – the Battles of East Lothian" with a foreword by the 19th Duke of Somerset, a descendant of the English victor at Pinkie Cleugh. The 4th such biennial Symposium in 2014 saw very wide involvement from battlefields across Scotland and an Accord was reached to establish a Scottish Battlefields Trust working in partnership with the UK Battlefields Trust. The trust carries out a range of activities.<ref>[http://www.battleofprestonpans1745.org www.battleofprestonpans1745.org]</ref> ===Battlefield Archaeology=== In 2008 the Trust commissioned Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division ("GUARD") to undertake a comprehensive survey, followed by selective excavation, of the battlefield.<ref name=pollard2008>{{cite web|url=http://www.prestoungrange.org/heritagetrust/html/documents/PrestonpansPD_revised_.pdf|title=Prestonpans battlefield archaeological project|last=Pollard|first=Tony|author-link=Tony Pollard (archaeologist)|author2=Ferguson, Natasha|year=2008|publisher=Centre for Battlefield Archaeology, University of Glasgow|access-date=13 June 2010}}</ref> Although the site of the main battlefield is readily located today, fixed by such surviving features as the tramway embankment, interim findings announced in April 2010 indicate that the true site of the Highlanders' charge, based on concentrations of musket balls and other evidence, is 500 yards to the east of the accepted location ({{Coord|55.964|-2.947|display=inline|format=dms}}).<ref name="Pollard2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.what2doineh32.info/heritagetrust/html/documents/2815finalreport_26Jan10_.pdf|title=Prestonpans Battlefield Project Report|last=Pollard|first=Tony|author2=Ferguson, Natasha|date=26 February 2010|publisher=Glasgow University Archaeological Division|access-date=13 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.scotsman.com/edinburgh/Charge-of-the-right-brigade.6241186.jp|title=Charge of the right brigade: true site of Battle of Prestonpans found|last=MacLeod|first=Fiona|date=21 April 2010|work=The Scotsman |location=UK|access-date=13 June 2010}}</ref> The battlefield has been [[Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland|inventoried]] and protected by [[Historic Scotland]] under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/heritage/battlefields/battlefieldsunderconsideration.htm |title= Inventory battlefields|publisher=Historic Scotland | access-date=12 April 2012}}</ref> Great controversy has arisen in 2014 as proposals to redevelop the industrial activities close by the battle site have actually impinged on it. Historic Scotland has taken the view that such activities will have a minimal impact and it is in the national interest that they must be allowed. The local community has refused to accept such an outcome and is pledged to campaign to have it reversed. [[File:Battle of Prestonpans viewpoint 2017-05-28.jpg|thumbnail|Viewpoint at Meadowmill]] The battlefield benefits from a pyramidal viewpoint sculpted from an old coal bing at Meadowmill, atop which flies Prince Charlie's battle flag to mark where a series of interpretation boards can be found. There are a further seven information panels around the battlefield, regular guided walks and commemorative events. With support from ''Bord na Gaidhlig'' road and walkway signage now includes the Gaelic which was spoken by the majority of Highlanders at the battle. The Doo'cot at Bankton House now acts as an interpretation site for the life of Colonel Gardiner. ===Prestonpans Tapestry=== The [[Prestonpans Tapestry]] was unveiled on 26 July 2010. With 105 panels (each 1m long), it is about 100&nbsp;ft (30m) longer than its inspiration, the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]. Inspired by Gordon Baron Prestoungrange, designed by local artist [[Andrew Crummy]], and executed by over 200 volunteer embroiderers, the tapestry has already toured Scotland, England and France. Venues included the [[Scottish Parliament]], the [[Scottish Storytelling Centre]], [[Cockenzie power station]] and countless locations from Eriskay along the route The Prince took prior to the battle. In Autumn 2013, the Tapestry was a Guest Exhibit alongside the Bayeux Tapestry itself, in Normandy, and subsequently at Pornichet/ St Nazaire from whence the Prince embarked to begin his campaign in 1745.<ref>"The Scotsman", 7 July 2010, "Creators at great lengths to find a place for giant tapestry").</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-10755526 BBC News, 25 July 2010, Bonnie Prince sewn up in tapestry]</ref><ref>[http://www.prestonpanstapestry.org/tapestry/ Prestonpans Tapestry website]</ref> ===Statistics=== Prestonpans has an area of roughly 2.06km, and has a population density of 4,954km². Age distribution (2016): 0-9 years-1,451. 10-19 years-1,045. 20-29 years-1,243. 30-39 years-1,486. 40-49 years-1,564. 50-59 years-1,476. 60-69 years-994. 70-79 years-779. 80+ years-372. ==Modern Prestonpans== [[File:Prestonpans War Memorial statue.JPG|thumb|War Memorial statue by Birnie Rhind (1921)]] The war memorial stands near the town centre but is slightly obscured by the flanking buildings. It is a fine sculpture of a "Jock" (Scottish soldier) in T.O.S. (Tam o' Shanter) bonnet and greatcoat by [[William Birnie Rhind]], 1921. Adjacent to the war memorial is a bronze plaque dedicated to the memory of those who lost their lives in the [[Spanish Civil War]]. There is now no salt or mining industry in the area. The town has developed considerably over the last few years. New housing has been built on greenbelt and there is potential for more [[affordable housing]] in the town. There remains a thriving community spirit. A two-week festival in early summer links Prestonpans with neighbouring [[Cockenzie]] and [[Port Seton]], called The Three Harbours Arts Festival. The town has two primary schools, Preston Tower Primary School and St, Gabriels and the [[comprehensive education|comprehensive]] [[Preston Lodge High School]]. [[Prestonpans railway station]] is on the [[Edinburgh]] – [[North Berwick]] line. The local non-league [[association football|football]] team [[Preston Athletic F.C.|Preston Athletic]] plays its home games at the [[Pennypit Park]] in the town, as does the local rugby team [[Preston Lodge RFC]]. Prestonpans also has the popular and famous [[Royal Musselburgh Golf Club]], the sixth-oldest [[golf club]] in the world (and is still home to The Old Club Cup, the world's oldest golfing trophy still being played for) and the town's cricket team, Preston Village Cricket Club. In 2006, Prestonpans and the neighbouring towns of [[Cockenzie]], [[Port Seton]] and [[Longniddry]] were twinned with the town of [[Barga, Tuscany]], Italy.<ref>[http://www.battleofprestonpans1745.org/prestonpans/html/barga/ Prestonpans: Battles of the '45]</ref> In 2010, the [[Prestonpans Tapestry]] was completed and has been touring Scotland and England. In October 2011, Prestonpans was awarded [[Fairtrade Town]] status. ==Notable residents== *[[Thomas Alexander (military surgeon)|Thomas Alexander]], military surgeon in the [[Crimean War]] *Scott Clark, former Hibernian FC Football Player. * [[John Davidson (reformer)|John Davidson]], reformer who set up the church and the school{{sfn|Rogers|1874b|loc=[https://archive.org/details/TransactionsOfTheRoyalHistoricalSociety1874VolIII1stSeries/page/n233/mode/2up pp213-215]}} *[[Robert Dick (salt-grieve)|Robert Dick]], inspector of salt works and prisoner on the Bass Rock. *[[John Fian]], a purported sorcerer executed in 1591. *[[David Mitton]], British Television Director, Producer & Technician. *[[James Mylne, Poet,]] was Laird of Lochill, a small estate near Prestonpans, Haddingtonshire.d1788<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/modictionaryofna14step/page/3/mode/1up|title = Dictionary of national biography|year = 1908}}</ref> *[[Allan Jacobsen (rugby union)|Allan Jacobsen]], rugby union player. *[[Same Shaw]], recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]]. *[[Josh Taylor (boxer)|Josh Taylor]], professional boxer, notably the first man from the United Kingdom to become an [[Undisputed championship (boxing)|undisputed world champion]] in the four-belt era.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Taylor defeats Ramirez to unify division|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/boxing/57216305|access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref> *[[Martin Whitfield]] former schoolteacher at Prestonpans Primary School, and the [[Scottish Labour Party|Labour]] Member of Parliament (MP) for [[East Lothian (UK Parliament constituency)|East Lothian]] ([[2017 United Kingdom general election|2017]]–[[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019]]). *[[Tam Paton]], Thomas Dougal "Tam" Paton was a pop group manager, most notably of the boy band the Bay City Rollers. *Mark clelland part time mandoo slinger full time provisional army member, also affiliated with the McGregor clan. ==See also== *[[Barony of Preston and Prestonpans]] *[[:Category: People from Prestonpans]] *[[John Muir Way]] *[[List of places in East Lothian]] *[[Prestongrange Parish Church]] ==References== ===Citations=== {{Reflist |colwidth=30em}} ===Sources=== {{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} *{{cite book |last1=Chalmers |first1=George |title=Caledonia : or, a historical and topographical account of North Britain, from the most ancient to the present times with a dictionary of places chorographical & philological |date=1887 |publisher=Gardner |location=Paisley |pages=522–526 |volume=4 |url=https://archive.org/details/caledoniaorhisto04chal/page/522/mode/2up |access-date=13 June 2020}} *{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Prestonpans|noicon=1}} *{{cite book |last1=Cunningham |first1=W. Bruce |title=The new statistical account of Scotland by Society for the Benefit of the Sons and Daughters of the Clergy |date=1845 |article=Parish of Prestonpans|publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |location=Edinburgh and London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/b21365805_0002/page/n525/mode/2up 304]–316 |url=https://archive.org/details/b21365805_0002 |access-date=29 September 2018}} *{{cite book |volume=3|last=Groome|first=Francis, Hindes |title=Ordnance gazetteer of Scotland : a survey of Scottish topography, statistical, biographical, and historical |date=1885|article=Prestonpans |publisher=T.C. Jack |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ordnancegazettee03ingroo/page/226/mode/2up 227]-231|location=Edinburgh |url=https://archive.org/details/ordnancegazettee03ingroo/page/226/mode/2up |access-date=6 June 2020}} *{{cite book |volume=5|last=Groome|first=Francis, Hindes |title=Ordnance gazetteer of Scotland : a survey of Scottish topography, statistical, biographical, and historical |date=1895|article=Prestonpans |publisher=T.C. Jack |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ordnancegazette05groo/page/224/mode/2up 225]-229|location=Edinburgh |url=https://archive.org/details/ordnancegazette05groo/page/224/mode/2up |access-date=6 June 2020}} *{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Samuel |title=A topographical dictionary of Scotland, comprising the several counties, islands, cities, burgh and market towns, parishes, and principal villages, with historical and statistical descriptions: embellished with engravings of the seals and arms of the different burghs and universities |date=1851 |publisher=S. Lewis and co. |article=Prestonpans|location=London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/topographicaldic02lewi/page/392/mode/2up 393]-395 |volume=2 |url=https://archive.org/details/topographicaldic02lewi |access-date=6 June 2020}} *{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=James |title=Lamp of Lothian: or, the history of Haddington, in connection with the Public Affairs of East Lothian and of Scotland, from the earliest records to 1844 |date=1900 |publisher=W. Sinclair |location=Haddington |url=https://archive.org/details/lampoflothianorh00mill/page/n7 |access-date=30 September 2018}} *{{cite book |last1=M'Neill |first1=Peter |title=Tranent and its surroundings : historical, ecclesiastical |date=1884 |publisher=J. Menzies |location=Edinburgh |edition=2 |url=https://archive.org/details/tranentitssurrou02mnei |access-date=13 June 2020}} *{{cite book |last1=McNeill |first1=P. |title=Prestonpans and Vicinity: Historical, Ecclesiastical and Traditional |date=1902 |publisher=P. McNeill |location=Tranent |url=https://archive.org/details/prestonpansandv00mcnegoog/page/n15/mode/2up |access-date=2 July 2020}} *{{cite book |last1=Rogers |first1=Charles |author-link1=Charles Rogers (author) |title=Three Scottish reformers, Alexander Cunningham, Henry Balnaves and John Davidson, with their poetical remains |date=1874a |publisher=English Reprint Society |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/threescottishre00balngoog/page/n6/mode/2up}} *{{cite journal |last1=Rogers |first1=Charles |author-link1=Charles Rogers (author) |title=Three Poets of the Scottish Reformation |journal=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society |date=1874b |volume=3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/TransactionsOfTheRoyalHistoricalSociety1874VolIII1stSeries/page/n179/mode/2up 163]-294 |series=1}} *{{cite book |last1=Sands |first1=J., of Ormiston, Tranent |title=Sketches of Tranent in the olden time |date=1881 |publisher=J. Hogg |location=Edinburgh |url=https://archive.org/details/sketchesoftranen00sand/page/n7/mode/2up |access-date=13 June 2020}} *{{cite book |last1=Scott |first1=Hew |title=Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation |volume=1|article=Prestonpans, Preston or Salt Preston|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fastiecclesiaesc01scot/page/386/mode/2up 387]–391|date=1915 |publisher=Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd |url=https://archive.org/details/fastiecclesiaesc01scot |access-date=27 February 2019}} *{{cite book |last1=Trotter |first1=John |title=The Statistical Account of Scotland |volume=17|date=1791 |publisher=Edinburgh : Printed and sold by William Creech; and also sold by J. Donaldson, and A. Guthrie, Edinburgh; T. Cadell, J. Stockdale, J. Debrett, and J. Sewel, London; Dunlop and Wilson, Glasgow; Angus and Son, Aberdeen |pages=[https://archive.org/details/b21365799_017/page/60/mode/2up 61]–88 |url=https://archive.org/details/b21365799_017/page/60/mode/2up |access-date=29 September 2018}} {{Refend}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} *[http://www.prestongrange.org/ Prestongrange Industrial Heritage Museum] – A local museum offering tours *[http://www.prestonlodge.net/ Preston Lodge High School] – The secondary school for the area * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516091646/http://www.theherald.co.uk/news/news/display.var.2231750.0.First_skirmishes_in_campaign_to_protect_Scotlands_battlefields.php Article, The Herald, 29 April 2008, Historic Scotland trying to protect Scotland's battlefields] *[https://archive.today/20101021044227/http://143.252.148.161/tol/news/article3842875.ece "Historic battlefields in Scotland threatened by lack of legal protection"]. ''The Times'', 29 April 2008. {{East Lothian Towns & Villages}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Prestonpans| ]] [[Category:Towns in East Lothian]] [[Category:Mining communities in Scotland]] [[Category:Populated coastal places in Scotland]]'