Examine individual changes

'{{short description|Interdisciplinary academic degree}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{See also|Philosophy and economics}} '''Philosophy, politics and economics''', or '''politics, philosophy and economics''' ('''PPE'''), is an [[interdisciplinary]] [[undergraduate]] or [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] [[academic degree|degree]] which combines study from three disciplines. The first institution to offer degrees in PPE was the [[University of Oxford]] in the 1920s. This particular course has produced a [[List of University of Oxford people with PPE degrees|significant number of notable graduates]] such as [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], Burmese politician and State Counsellor of Myanmar, Nobel Peace Prize winner; Princess [[Haya bint Hussein]], daughter of the late [[King Hussein of Jordan]]; [[Christopher Hitchens]], the British–American author and journalist;<ref name="ukwhoswho1">'Hitchens, Christopher Eric', ''Who's Who''; 2012, A & C Black, 2012; online edn, Oxford University Press, December 2012 ; online edn, January 2012 [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U20283, accessed 5 December 2014]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsvq4PYdt40&t=23m55s| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517235415/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsvq4PYdt40| archive-date=2013-05-17 | url-status=dead|title=Christopher Hitchens - On C-SPAN discussing his book 'For the Sake of Argument'[1993]|publisher=C-SPAN}}</ref> [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-winning writer and director [[Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck]]; [[Philippa Foot]] and [[Michael Dummett]], [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Philosophy|philosophers]]; [[Harold Wilson]], [[Edward Heath]], [[David Cameron]] and [[Liz Truss]], former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom]]; [[Hugh Gaitskell]], [[William Hague]] and [[Ed Miliband]], former [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Leaders of the Opposition]]; former [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] [[Benazir Bhutto]] and [[Imran Khan]]; and [[Malcolm Fraser]], [[Bob Hawke]] and [[Tony Abbott]], former [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Ministers of Australia]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kenny|first=Mark|title=Tony Abbott's Oxford transcript released|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/tony-abbotts-oxford-transcript-released-20131125-2y6a1.html|newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald|date=November 25, 2013}}</ref><ref name="graun">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/feb/23/ppe-oxford-university-degree-that-rules-britain |title=PPE: the Oxford degree that runs Britain |last=Beckett |first=Andy|author-link=Andy Beckett|date=23 February 2017|website=[[theguardian.com]] |access-date=23 February 2017}}</ref> The course received fresh attention in 2017, when Nobel Peace Prize winner [[Malala Yousafzai]] earned a place.<ref>{{cite news| title=A level results: Malala Yousafzai gets a place at Oxford|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-40959543|access-date=17 August 2017|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Malala Yousafzai gets into Oxford to study PPE after collecting A Level results|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2017/08/17/malala-yousafzai-gets-oxford-study-ppe/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2017/08/17/malala-yousafzai-gets-oxford-study-ppe/ |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=18 August 2017|work=Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In the 1980s, the [[University of York]] went on to establish its own PPE degree based upon the Oxford model; [[King's College London]], the [[University of Warwick]], the [[Victoria University of Manchester|University of Manchester]], and other British universities later followed. According to the [[BBC]], the Oxford PPE "dominate[s] public life" (in the UK).<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11136511 |title=Why does PPE rule Britain? | last1=Kelly | first1=Jon |publisher=BBC News |date=2010-08-31 |access-date=2010-09-02}}</ref> It is now offered at several other leading colleges and universities around the world. More recently Warwick University and King’s College added a new degree under the name of PPL (Politics, Philosophy and Law) with the aim to bring an alternative to the more classical PPE degrees. In the [[United States]], it is offered by over 50 colleges and universities, including three [[Ivy League]] schools – the [[University of Pennsylvania]], [[Yale University]] (under the designation Ethics, Politics and Economics), and [[Dartmouth College]] -- and a large number of distinguished public universities, including the [[University of Arizona]], the [[University of Michigan]], and the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hil]]<nowiki/>l.<ref>{{cite web|date=2014-03-07|title=Major/Minor|url=https://govt.dartmouth.edu/undergraduate/majorminor|access-date=2021-01-02|website=Department of Government|language=en}}</ref> In 2020, in addition to its undergraduate degree programs in PPE, [[Virginia Tech]] joined the Chapman University's Smith Institute as among the first research centers in the world dedicated to interdisciplinary research in PPE.<ref>{{cite web|title=Virginia Tech Announces Center for PPE|url=https://ppesociety.org/2020/10/07/virginia-tech-announces-center-for-ppe/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=New center for philosophy, politics, and economics named for Virginia Tech alumnus|url=https://www.vtnews.vt.edu/content/vtnews_vt_edu/en/articles/2020/10/kellogg-center-launch.html|access-date=2020-12-10|website=www.vtnews.vt.edu|language=en|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504051851/https://www.vtnews.vt.edu/content/vtnews_vt_edu/en/articles/2020/10/kellogg-center-launch.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Several PPE programmes exist in Canada, most notably the first endowed school in the nation - the [[Frank McKenna]] School of Philosophy, Politics and Economics at [[Mount Allison University]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Frank McKenna School of Philosophy, Politics, and Economics announced at Mount Allison University {{!}} Mount Allison|url=http://mta.ca/about/news/frank-mckenna-school-philosophy-politics-and-economics-announced-mount-allison|access-date=2021-11-10|website=mta.ca|language=en}}</ref> In Asia, [[Tsinghua University]], [[National University of Singapore|NUS]], [[Tel-Aviv University]] and [[Ashoka University]] are among those that have PPE or similar programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xyc.tsinghua.edu.cn/rcpy/kxkjczy.htm|title=跨学科交叉专业-新雅书院}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://fass.nus.edu.sg/ppe/discoverppe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827202418/https://fass.nus.edu.sg/ppe/discoverppe/ |archive-date=2021-08-27 |title=Discover PPE – NUS Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://humanities.tau.ac.il/pakam/candidates-info/info|title = הרציונל של התכנית}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ashoka.edu.in/economics/ppe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827200051/https://www.ashoka.edu.in/economics/ppe |archive-date=2021-08-27 |title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics Programme}}</ref> == History == Philosophy, politics and economics was established as a degree course at the University of Oxford in the 1920s,<ref>[http://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/applying/ugcourses/index.asp#_Toc146507694] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830181845/http://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/applying/ugcourses/index.asp|date=2009-08-30}} "Balliol was the birthplace of the modern degree of PPE in the 1920s. A. D. Lindsay, who subsequently became the master of the college, played a key role in the establishment of the degree and Balliol has long remained a major college for the study of PPE, and PPE has long been a major subject within Balliol."</ref> as a modern alternative to [[classics]] (known as "[[literae humaniores]]" or "greats" at Oxford) because it was thought as a more modern alternative for those entering the [[civil service]]. It was thus initially known as "modern greats".<ref name="BBC"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk/the_faculty/history_of_philosophy |title=History of Philosophy at Oxford – Faculty of Philosophy |publisher=Philosophy.ox.ac.uk |date=2009-11-19 |access-date=2010-06-02}}</ref> The first PPE students commenced their course in the autumn of 1921.<ref name=graun /> The regulation by which it was established is Statt. Tit. VI. Sect. 1 C; "the subject of the Honour School of Philosophy, Politics, and Economics shall be the study of the structure, and the philosophical and economic principles, of Modern Society."<ref>University of Oxford (1926) ''The Examination Statutes. together with the regulations of the boards of studies and boards of faculties for the academical year 1926-1927''. Oxford: Clarendon Press; pp. 149=54</ref> Initially it was compulsory to study all three subjects for all three years of the course, but in 1970 this requirement was relaxed, and since then students have been able to drop one subject after the first year – most do this, but a minority continue with all three.<ref name=graun /> During the 1960s some students started to critique the course from a left-wing perspective, culminating in the publication of a pamphlet, ''The Poverty of PPE'', in 1968, written by Trevor Pateman, who argued that it "gives no training in scholarship, only refining to a high degree of perfection the ability to write short dilettantish essays on the basis of very little knowledge: ideal training for the social engineer". The pamphlet advocated incorporating the study of sociology, anthropology and art, and to take on the aim of "assist(ing) the radicalisation and mobilisation of political opinion outside the university". In response, some minor changes were made, with influential leftist writers such as [[Frantz Fanon]] and [[Régis Debray]] being added to politics reading lists, but the core of the programme remained the same.<ref name=graun /> [[Christopher Stray]] has pointed to the course as one reason for the gradual decline of the study of classics, as classicists in political life began to be edged out by those who had studied the modern greats.<ref>Christopher Stray, ''Classics Transformed: Schools, Universities, and Society in England, 1830–1960''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Pp. xiv, 336. {{ISBN|0-19-815013-X}}.</ref> Dario Castiglione and Iain Hampsher-Monk have described the course as being fundamental to the development of political thought in the UK, since it established a connection between politics and philosophy. Previously at Oxford, and for some time subsequently at Cambridge, politics had been taught only as a branch of modern history.<ref>Dario Castiglione and Iain Hampsher-Monk, ''The History of Political Thought in National Context''. Cambridge University Press, 2001, {{ISBN|0-521-78234-1}}</ref> == Course material == The programme is rooted in the view that to understand social phenomena one must approach them from several complementary disciplinary directions and analytical frameworks. In this regard, the study of [[philosophy]] is considered important because it both equips students with [[meta-tools]] such as the ability to [[reason]] rigorously and [[logic]]ally, and facilitates [[ethical]] reflection. The study of [[politics]] is considered necessary because it acquaints students with the institutions that govern society and help solve [[collective action]] problems. Finally, studying [[economics]] is seen as vital in the modern world because political decisions often concern economic matters, and government decisions are often influenced by economic events. The vast majority of students at Oxford drop one of the three subjects for the second and third years of their course. Oxford now has more than 600 undergraduates studying the subject, admitting over 200 each year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ppe.ox.ac.uk/index.php/why-study-ppe-at-oxford|title=Why Study PPE at Oxford?|work=ox.ac.uk|access-date=2012-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711084739/https://www.ppe.ox.ac.uk/index.php/why-study-ppe-at-oxford|archive-date=2017-07-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Academic opinions == Oxford PPE graduate [[Nick Cohen]] and former tutor Iain McLean consider the course's breadth important to its appeal, especially "because British society values generalists over specialists". Academic and [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] [[Peerages in the United Kingdom|peer]] [[Maurice Glasman, Baron Glasman|Maurice Glasman]] noted that "PPE combines the status of an elite university degree – PPE is the ultimate form of being good at school – with the stamp of a vocational course. It is perfect training for cabinet membership, and it gives you a view of life". However he also noted that it had an orientation towards consensus politics and [[technocracy]].<ref name=graun /> [[Geoff Evans (political scientist)|Geoffrey Evans]], an Oxford fellow in politics and a senior tutor, critiques that the Oxford course's success and consequent over-demand is a self-perpetuating feature of those in front of and behind the scenes in national administration, in stating "all in all, it's how the class system works". In the current economic system he bemoans the unavoidable inequalities besetting admissions and thereby enviable recruitment prospects of successful graduates. The argument itself intended as a [[paternalism|paternalistic]] ethical reflection on how governments and peoples can perpetuate [[social stratification]].<ref name="BBC"/> [[Stewart Wood, Baron Wood of Anfield|Stewart Wood]], a former adviser to [[Ed Miliband]] who studied PPE at Oxford in the 1980s and taught politics there in the 1990s and 2000s, acknowledged that the programme has been slow to catch up with contemporary political developments, saying that "it does still feel like a course for people who are going to run the Raj in 1936... In the politics part of PPE, you can go three years without discussing a single contemporary public policy issue". He also stated that the structure of the course gave it a [[centrist]] bias, due to the range of material covered: "...most students think, mistakenly, that the only way to do it justice is to take a centre position".<ref name=graun /> == List of offering universities == === United Kingdom === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Birkbeck, University of London]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbk.ac.uk/study/2021/postgraduate/programmes/TMSPOPHE_C/ |title=MSc. Politics, Philosophy and Economics - Birkbeck, University of London|publisher=Bbk.ac.uk |date=2021-04-21 |access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref> *[[Durham University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dur.ac.uk/ppe/ |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics - Durham University |publisher=Dur.ac.uk |date=2012-12-11 |access-date=2013-09-24}}</ref> *[[Goldsmiths, University of London]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gold.ac.uk/ug/ba-politics-philosophy-economics/ |title=BA (Hons) Politics, Philosophy & Economics, Goldsmiths, University of London |publisher=gold.ac.uk |access-date=2013-08-08}}</ref> *[[Keele University]] *[[King's College London]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/politicaleconomy/study/ug/Upcoming-Programmes-201516.aspx|title=King's College London - Upcoming Programmes 2015/16|work=kcl.ac.uk}}</ref> *[[Kingston University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kingston.ac.uk/postgraduate-course/philosophy-politics-economics-ma/ |title=Philosophy, Politics, Economics MA |publisher=kingston.ac.uk |access-date=2012-02-26}}</ref> *[[Lancaster University]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics BA Hons|url=http://www.lancs.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/philosophy-politics-and-economics-ba-hons-l0v0/|publisher=Lancaster University|access-date=23 January 2013}}</ref> *[[London School of Economics]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/degreeProgrammes2015/philosophyLogicAndScientificMethod/L0V0_BSc_PPE.aspx |title=BSc Philosophy, Politics and Economics (Four Year Programme) |publisher=lse.ac.uk |access-date=2014-11-02 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710120743/http://www.lse.ac.uk/Study-at-LSE/Undergraduate/Degree-programmes-2017/BSc-Philosophy-Politics-and-Economics |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[The Open University]]<ref>[http://www3.open.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/qualification/q45.htm Q45 - BA (Honours) Politics, Philosophy and Economics - Open University Degree]. .open.ac.uk (2012-10-16). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.</ref> *[[Queen's University Belfast]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudiesandPhilosophy/ProspectiveStudents/UndergraduateDegrees/BAPoliticsPhilosophyandEconomicsPPE/ |title=Queen's University Belfast &#124; BA Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE) |publisher=Qub.ac.uk |date=2010-03-03 |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126062337/http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudiesandPhilosophy/ProspectiveStudents/UndergraduateDegrees/BAPoliticsPhilosophyandEconomicsPPE/ |archive-date=2010-01-26 }}</ref> *[[Royal Holloway, University of London]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rhul.ac.uk/politicsandir/prospectivestudents/undergraduate/babscpolitics,philosophyandeconomics(ppe).aspx |title=BA/BSc Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE) |publisher=Rhul.ac.uk |access-date=2012-12-04}}</ref> *[[Swansea University]]<ref>[http://www.swan.ac.uk/ugcourses/artsandhumanities/BAPhilosophyPoliticsandEconomics/ ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220023431/http://www.swan.ac.uk/ugcourses/artsandhumanities/BAPhilosophyPoliticsandEconomics/ |date=December 20, 2011 }}</ref> *[[University College London]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/spp/teaching/undergraduate/ppe |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics BSc |publisher=ucl.ac.uk |access-date=2014-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005145847/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/spp/teaching/undergraduate/ppe |archive-date=2014-10-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[University of Aberdeen]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/degree-programmes/1101/VL51/philosophy-politics-and-economics/ |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics, MA|publisher=abdn.ac.uk |access-date=2018-07-31}}</ref> *[[University of Buckingham]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buckingham.ac.uk/humanities/ba/ppe-3year |access-date=2019-11-14|title=BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics PPE}}</ref> *[[New College of the Humanities at Northeastern]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nchlondon.ac.uk/degrees/undergraduate/ppe/philosophy-politics-economics-ba-ppe-with-a-politics-major/|access-date=2020-03-17|title=Philosophy, Politics & Economics BA (Hons) (Politics major)}}</ref> *[[University of East Anglia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uea.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.115499.1242810648!L0V0%20Course%20Guide%20%282009-0%29.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403012330/http://www.uea.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.115499.1242810648!L0V0%20Course%20Guide%20%282009-0%29.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-04-03 |title=Course: Philosophy, Politics and Economics (U1L0V0301) |publisher=Uea.ac.uk |access-date=2015-05-08 }} </ref> *[[University of Edinburgh]] *[[University of Essex]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.essex.ac.uk/coursefinder/CourseDetails.aspx?course=BA++L0V0 |title=University of Essex :: Course Finder :: BA Philosophy, Politics and Economics |publisher=Essex.ac.uk |date=2010-05-14 |access-date=2010-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607152455/http://www.essex.ac.uk/coursefinder/CourseDetails.aspx?course=BA++L0V0 |archive-date=2011-06-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[University of Exeter]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exeter.ac.uk/undergraduate/degrees/politics/ppe/ |title=BA Politics, Philosophy and Economics |publisher=exeter.ac.uk |access-date=2012-05-23|website = BA Politics, Philosophy and Economics}}</ref> *[[University of the Highlands and Islands]] *[[University of Hull]]<ref name="BA (Hons) Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE)">{{cite web |title = BA (Hons) Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE) |url = http://www2.hull.ac.uk/FASS/politics_homepage/undergraduate_study/programmes/politics,_philosophy_and_econo.aspx |publisher = University of Hull |access-date = 2009-11-02 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111008203045/http://www2.hull.ac.uk/FASS/politics_homepage/undergraduate_study/programmes/politics,_philosophy_and_econo.aspx |archive-date = 2011-10-08 }}</ref> *[[University of Leeds]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leeds.ac.uk/arts/coursefinder/21404/Philosophy,_Politics_and_Economics?from=20042&categoryID=/ |title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics (3 Years) [BA] |publisher=leeds.ac.uk |access-date=2014-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145230/http://www.leeds.ac.uk/arts/coursefinder/21404/Philosophy,_Politics_and_Economics?from=20042&categoryID=%2F |archive-date=2014-04-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[University of Liverpool]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/philosophy-politics-economics-ba/overview/ |title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics (3 Years) [BA] |publisher=liverpool.ac.uk |access-date=2017-11-01}}</ref> *[[University of Loughborough]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/a-z/politics-philosophy-and-economics/ |title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics (3 Years) [BA] |publisher=Loughborough.ac.uk |access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref> *[[University of Manchester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk/undergraduate-courses/course-profile/?code=00154 |title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics (3 Years) [BA] |publisher=Manchester.ac.uk |access-date=2014-11-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103063315/http://www.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk/undergraduate-courses/course-profile/?code=00154 |archive-date=2014-11-03 }}</ref> *[[University of Nottingham]] *[[University of Oxford]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate_courses/courses/philosophy_politics_and_economics/philosophy_politic_4.html |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics – University of Oxford |publisher=Ox.ac.uk |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723055922/http://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate_courses/courses/philosophy_politics_and_economics/philosophy_politic_4.html |archive-date=2010-07-23 }}</ref> *[[University of Reading]] *[[University of Sheffield]] *[[University of Southampton]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.southampton.ac.uk/humanities/undergraduate/courses/philosophy/v5l2-ba-philosophy-politics-and-economics-with-year-abroad.page|title=University of Southampton - BA Philosophy, Politics and Economics with Year Abroad (4 years)|access-date=2018-09-12}}</ref> *[[University of Stirling]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stir.ac.uk/undergraduate-study/course-information/courses-a-to-z/school-of-arts-and-humanities/politics,-philosophy-and-economics-ppe/|title=Study Politics, Philosophy and Economics: PPE BA Degree at University- Undergraduate Courses – Politics, Philosophy and Economics: PPE – University of Stirling|work=stir.ac.uk}}</ref> *[[University of Sussex]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/study/ug/2013/1668/28757#tabs-2 |title=Sussex PPE |publisher=sussex.ac.uk |access-date=2012-03-05}}</ref> *[[University of Warwick]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/lv00/ |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics (Full-Time) |publisher=www2.warwick.ac.uk |access-date=2014-11-02 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103095503/https://warwick.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/l0v0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[University of Winchester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winchester.ac.uk/Studyhere/Pages/ba-hons-philosophy-politics-and-economics.aspx|title=BA (Hons) Philosophy, Politics and Economics - University of Winchester|first=University of|last=Winchester|website=University of Winchester}}</ref> *[[University of York]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/pep/ |title=The PEP School at York |publisher=York.ac.uk |access-date=2010-06-02}}</ref> {{div col end}} === Ireland === *[[National University of Ireland, Maynooth]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://philosophy.nuim.ie/student-information/undergraduates/ppe |title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics|publisher=Philosophy NUIM |access-date=2012-12-04}}</ref> *[[University College Dublin|UCD, National University of Ireland]] *[[Trinity College Dublin|Trinity College, The University of Dublin]] ===North America=== ==== Canada ==== *[[Mount Allison University]] (within the Frank McKenna School of Philosophy, Politics, & Economics) <ref>{{cite web |title=Mount Allison University - Philosophy, Politics, and Economics |url=https://mta.ca/current-students/frank-mckenna-school-philosophy-politics-and-economics |access-date=2014-10-03 |publisher=www.mta.ca}} </ref> *[[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.queensu.ca/artsci/programs-and-degrees/interdisciplinary/philosophy-politics-and-economics-specialization |title=PHILOSOPHY, POLITICS & ECONOMICS SPECIALIZATION - Faculty of Arts & Science |publisher=queensu.ca |access-date=2017-06-07}}</ref> *[[The King's University (Edmonton)|The King's University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kingsu.ca/programs/bachelor/politics-history-economics|title=Politics - History - Economics|website=www.kingsu.ca|access-date=2017-08-14}}</ref> *[[University of British Columbia (Okanagan Campus)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://okanagan.students.ubc.ca/calendar/index.cfm?tree=18,282,857,1255 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718194402/http://okanagan.students.ubc.ca/calendar/index.cfm?tree=18,282,857,1255 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-18 |title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE) – Bachelor of Arts Programs – Faculty of Arts and Sciences – Faculties, Schools, and Colleges – Okanagan Calendar 2010/11 – UBC Student Services |publisher=Okanagan.students.ubc.ca |access-date=2010-06-02 }}</ref> *[[University of Regina]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uregina.ca/arts/economics/programs/undergrad/ppe.html |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics Program (PPE) - Faculty of Arts - University of Regina |publisher=www.uregina.ca |access-date=2015-04-23}}</ref> *[[University of Western Ontario]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westerncalendar.uwo.ca/Modules.cfm?ModuleID=21022 |title=HONORS SPECIALIZATION IN POLITICS, PHILOSOPHY AND ECONOMICS - POLITICS AND PHILOSOPHY (PPE-P) |publisher=Westerncalendar.uwo.ca |access-date=2019-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westerncalendar.uwo.ca/Modules.cfm?ModuleID=21003 |title=HONORS SPECIALIZATION IN POLITICS, PHILOSOPHY AND ECONOMICS - ECONOMICS (PPE-E) |publisher=Westerncalendar.uwo.ca |access-date=2019-09-04}}</ref> *[[Wilfrid Laurier University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wlu.ca/page.php?grp_id=65&p=1372 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118051840/http://www.wlu.ca/page.php?grp_id=65&p=1372 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-01-18 |title=Wilfrid Laurier University – Student Recruitment Office – Academic Programs – Faculty of Arts – Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE) |publisher=Wlu.ca |access-date=2010-06-02 }}</ref> ==== United States ==== {{div col|colwidth=20em}} *[[Austin College]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.austincollege.edu/academics/majors-and-minors/philosophy-politics-and-economics/ |title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics - Austin College |website=Austin College |date=25 June 2018 |access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref> *[[Binghamton University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.binghamton.edu/philosophy-politics-and-law/index.html| title=Binghamton University :: Philosophy, Politics, and Law :: at Binghamton University | publisher=www.binghamton.edu | access-date=2018-11-07}}</ref> (under the designation of "PPL" - replacing economics with law) *[[Bowling Green State University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bgsu.edu/arts-and-sciences/philosophy-politics-economics-and-law.html|title=Bowling Green State University :: Philosophy, Politics, Economics, and Law :: The Program | publisher=bgsu.edu | access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref> (under the designation of "PPEL" - with law) *[[Boyce College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boycecollege.com/academics/programs-of-study/bachelor-science-philosophy-politics-economics/ |title=Bachelor of Science in Philosophy, Politics, & Economics--Boyce College |publisher=boycecollege.com |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> *[[Carnegie Mellon University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmu.edu/hss/ehpp/welcome.html |title=Welcome to EHPP - Ethics, History, & Public Policy - Carnegie Mellon University |publisher=cmu.edu |access-date=2013-08-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122054150/https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/ehpp/ |archive-date=2013-11-22 }}</ref> (under the designation "Ethics, History, and Public Policy", abbreviated "EHPP") *[[Carroll University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carrollu.edu/programs/philpoleco/default.asp |title=Carroll University :: Philosophy, Politics and Economics :: The Program |publisher=Carrollu.edu |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527140712/http://www.carrollu.edu/programs/philpoleco/default.asp |archive-date=2010-05-27 }}</ref> *[[Claremont McKenna College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.claremontmckenna.edu/ppe/ |title=Ppe At Cmc |publisher=Claremontmckenna.edu |access-date=2010-06-02}}</ref> *[[Criswell College]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.criswell.edu/academics/undergraduate-degrees/bachelor-of-arts-in-philosophy-politics-economics/ |title=Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics--Criswell College |publisher=criswell.edu |access-date=2016-03-28 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125210620/https://www.criswell.edu/academics/undergraduate-degrees/bachelor-of-arts-in-philosophy-politics-economics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Dartmouth College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://govt.dartmouth.edu/undergraduate/majorminor|title=Major/Minor|date=7 March 2014}}</ref> (under the modified major of "Politics, Philosophy, and the Economy") *[[Denison University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denison.edu/academics/departments/about_ppe.html |title=About Philosophy, Politics and Economics – Denison University |publisher=Denison.edu |date=2008-06-09 |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529201604/https://www.denison.edu/academics/departments/about_ppe.html |archive-date=May 29, 2010 }}</ref> *[[Drexel University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://drexel.edu/coas/news-events/news/2019/April/new-interdisciplinary-major-in-philosophy-politics-economics/ |title=CoAS to Offer New Interdisciplinary Major in Philosophy, Politics & Economics |publisher=drexel.edu |date=2019-04-29 |access-date=2019-05-01}}</ref> *[[Duke University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://polisci.duke.edu/undergraduate/ppe-certificate |title=Political Science: PPE Certificate |publisher=Polisci.duke.edu |access-date=2013-09-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813081105/http://polisci.duke.edu/undergraduate/ppe-certificate |archive-date=2013-08-13 }}</ref> (certificate) *[[Eastern Oregon University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eou.edu/catalog/catalog_02/philpolecon.html |title=EOU's General Catalog |publisher=Eou.edu |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528001432/http://www.eou.edu/catalog/catalog_02/philpolecon.html |archive-date=2010-05-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eou.edu/%7Ejjohnson/ppehomejeff.htm |title=Eastern Oregon University |publisher=Eou.edu |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527175824/http://www.eou.edu/%7Ejjohnson/ppehomejeff.htm |archive-date=2010-05-27 }}</ref> *[[Emory & Henry College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ehc.edu/|title=Welcome to one of the best small, private liberal arts colleges :: Emory & Henry College|work=ehc.edu}}</ref> *[[George Mason University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ppe.gmu.edu/|title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics|work=gmu.edu}}</ref> *[[Georgia State University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://philosophy.gsu.edu/home/ppe/ |title=GSU Philosophy}}</ref> *[[Juniata College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.juniata.edu/services/catalog/section.html?courses+ppe |title=Juniata College Catalog |publisher=Juniata.edu |access-date=2010-06-02}}</ref> *[[The King's College (New York)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tkc.edu/academics/ppe |title=The King's College - Politics, Philosophy and Economics |access-date=2019-03-27}}</ref> *[[La Salle University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lasalle.edu/political-science-philosophy-economics/ |title=Political Science, Philosophy, and Economics - La Salle University %7c Philadelphia, Pa. |publisher=www.lasalle.edu |access-date=2019-03-05 }}</ref> *[[Mercer University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cla.mercer.edu/majors-minors/ppe/ |title=College of Liberal Arts: Philosophy, Politics and Economics |publisher=Mercer University |access-date=26 May 2013 }}</ref> *[[Minnesota State University, Mankato]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mnsu.edu/philosophy/ppe.html |title=Department of Philosophy – Minnesota State University, Mankato |publisher=Mnsu.edu |date=2006-10-11 |access-date=2010-06-02}}</ref> *[[Mount St. Mary's University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msmary.edu/College_of_liberal_arts/Undergraduate-Programs/philosophy-politics-economics/index.html|title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE)|publisher=msmary.edu |date=2018-01-19 |access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> *[[Murphy Institute]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://murphy.tulane.edu/undergraduate|title=Undergraduate Program in Political Economy %7c The Murphy Institute|access-date=2019-03-05}}</ref> (Tulane University, under the designation "Political Economy") *[[Northeastern University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northeastern.edu/cssh/ppe/|title=Politics, Philosophy, and Economics|work=Northeastern University College of Social Sciences and Humanities}}</ref> *[[Ohio State University]]<!--Wikipedians do not use "The" as part of Ohio State's name; it is considered a marketing gimmick, and routinely deleted.--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://undergrad.osu.edu/majors-and-academics/majors/detail/342|title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics - The Ohio State University|website=undergrad.osu.edu|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> *[[Pomona College]]<ref>[http://ppe.pomona.edu/curriculum/ ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827085557/http://ppe.pomona.edu/curriculum/ |date=August 27, 2009 }}</ref> *[[Rutgers University–New Brunswick]] (certificate) *[[Seattle Pacific University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spu.edu/academics/school-of-business-and-economics/undergraduate-programs/majors/PPE|title = Politics, Philosophy, & Economics Major &#124; Seattle Pacific University}}</ref> *[[Suffolk University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.suffolk.edu/cas/degrees-programs/interdisciplinary-programs/undergraduate/politics-philosophy-economics-major|title = Politics, Philosophy & Economics Major - Suffolk University}}</ref> *[[Taylor University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.taylor.edu/majors/political-science-philosophy-economics|title=PPE Degree - Taylor University|work=taylor.edu}}</ref> *[[Transylvania University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transy.edu/academics/programs/philosophy-politics-economics |title=Transylvania University - Program Overview |publisher=Transy.edu |access-date=2015-05-08}}</ref> *[[University of Akron]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uakron.edu/advising/docs/3904.pdf |title=Philosophy, Political Science, Economy Curriculum |access-date=2010-02-19 |publisher=Academic Advising Center, University of Akron |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715152959/http://www.uakron.edu/advising/docs/3904.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-15 }}</ref> *[[University of Alabama at Birmingham]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uab.edu/philosophy/philosophy-and-political-economy |title=The PPE Concentration |access-date=2011-06-24 |publisher=Dept. of Philosophy, University of Alabama at Birmingham |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403012253/http://www.uab.edu/philosophy/philosophy-and-political-economy |archive-date=2013-04-03 }}</ref> (as a concentration of an Economics degree) <ref>"https://www.uab.edu/business/home/undergraduate/economics-major"</ref> *[[The University of Arizona]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.u.arizona.edu/~ggaus/index.html |title=Philosophy, Politics, Economics, and Law |publisher=U.arizona.edu |access-date=2012-05-26}}</ref> (under the designation "PPEL" - with law) *[[The University at Buffalo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arts-sciences.buffalo.edu/philosophy-politics-economics |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics |publisher=buffalo.edu}}</ref> *[[University of California, Irvine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ppe.socsci.uci.edu |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics (4+1 M.A.)|publisher=uci.edu}}</ref> *[[The University of Iowa]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clas.uiowa.edu/ethics |title=Ethics & Public Policy: Path to Your Future %7c Ethics & Public Policy |publisher=uiowa.edu |access-date=2019-03-05}}</ref> (under the designation "Ethics & Public Policy") *[[The University of Maryland]] *[[The University of Michigan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lsa.umich.edu/bulletin/chapter6/ppe/conc |title=College of Literature, Science, and the Arts: Students :: PPE Concentration |publisher=lsa.umich.edu |access-date=2012-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805080154/http://www.lsa.umich.edu/bulletin/chapter6/ppe/conc |archive-date=2012-08-05 }}</ref> (honors program) *[[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] (minor)<ref>[http://ppe.unc.edu/ Philosophy, Politics & Economics]. Ppe.unc.edu. Retrieved on 2013-08-12.</ref> *[[University of Notre Dame]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://philosophy.nd.edu/undergraduate-program/minor/#politics |title=Department of Philosophy // University of Notre Dame |publisher=Philosophy.nd.edu |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609215650/http://philosophy.nd.edu/undergraduate-program/minor/#politics |archive-date=2010-06-09 }}</ref> (minor) *[[University of Pennsylvania]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sas.upenn.edu/ppe/index.html |title=PPE at The University of Pennsylvania |publisher=Sas.upenn.edu |access-date=2010-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613113235/http://www.sas.upenn.edu/ppe/index.html |archive-date=2010-06-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[University of Pittsburgh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.honorscollege.pitt.edu/courses/politics-philos.html |title=Politics and Philosophy Major |publisher=honorscollege.pitt.edu |access-date=2010-09-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609114914/http://www.honorscollege.pitt.edu/courses/politics-philos.html |archive-date=2010-06-09 }}</ref> *[[University of Richmond]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ppel.richmond.edu|title=Philosophy, Politics, Economics, and Law - University of Richmond School of Arts & Sciences|date=4 March 2015|work=richmond.edu}}</ref> (under the designation "PPEL" - with law)<ref>"https://ppel.richmond.edu/"</ref> *[[University of Rochester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sas.rochester.edu/psc/undergraduate/major-ppe.html|title=Major in Politics, Philosophy, and Economics (BA)|date=12 November 2021|work=rochester.edu}}</ref> *[[University of Southern California]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://catalogue.usc.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=14&poid=17669&returnto=5303|title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (BA)|date=7 September 2022}}</ref> *[[University of Virginia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ppl.virginia.edu/|title=Political Philosophy, Policy, and Law - University of Virginia|work=virginia.edu}}</ref> (under the designation "PPL" - replacing economics with law) *[[University of Washington Bothell]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uwb.edu/laweconpubpolicy#page=page-1 |title=Law, Economics & Public Policy (LEPP) - UW Bothell|publisher=uwb.edu |access-date=2019-03-05}}</ref> (under the designation "Law, Economics & Public Policy", abbreviated "LEPP") *[[University of Washington Tacoma]]<ref>[http://www.tacoma.washington.edu/ias/academics/ba/ppe/politics_philosophy_economics.cfm ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217022816/http://www.tacoma.washington.edu/ias/academics/ba/ppe/politics_philosophy_economics.cfm |date=December 17, 2011 }}</ref> *[[University of Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guide.wisc.edu/undergraduate/letters-science/political-science/political-economy-philosophy-politics-certificate/#text/|title=Political Economy, Philosophy, and Politics, Certificate < University of Wisconsin-Madison}}</ref> Political Economy, Politics and Philosophy (certificate program) *[[Virginia Tech]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ppe.liberalarts.vt.edu/ |title=Kellogg Center for Philosophy, Politics, and Economics |publisher=Kellogg Center |access-date=2020-12-02}}</ref> (offers both a major and a minor in PPE) *[[Wabash College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wabash.edu/academics/ppe |title=Wabash College: Philosophy, Politics, and Economics Crawfordsville, Indiana |publisher=wabash.edu |access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref> *[[Wesleyan University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wesleyan.edu/css/about.html |title=Wesleyan University – College of Social Studies |publisher=Wesleyan.edu |access-date=2011-04-17}}</ref> (under the designation "College of Social Studies") *[[Western Washington University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wwu.edu/majors/politicsphilosophyeconomics-ba |title=Politics/Philosophy/Economics, BA |publisher=Wwu.edu |access-date=2013-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101023124/http://www.wwu.edu/majors/politicsphilosophyeconomics-ba |archive-date=2014-01-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Wheeling Jesuit University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wju.edu/academics/bus/iscm/pepmajor.asp |title=Political & Economic Philosophy Major - Wheeling Jesuit University |publisher=Wju.edu |access-date=2015-05-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519113955/http://www.wju.edu/academics/bus/iscm/pepmajor.asp |archive-date=2007-05-19 }}</ref> (under the designation "political and economic philosophy") *[[Xavier University]] (under the designation "Philosophy, Politics, and the Public", abbreviated "PPP")<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xavier.edu/philosophy-politics-and-the-public/ |title=Philosophy, Politics, and the Public; Xavier University |publisher=xavier.edu |access-date=2016-06-14}}</ref> *[[Yale University]] (under the designation "ethics, politics and economics", abbreviated "EP&E")<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/epe/ |title=Program in Ethics, Politics and Economics &#124; Yale University |publisher=Yale.edu |access-date=2010-06-02}}</ref> {{div col end}} === Africa === *[[Stellenbosch University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Maties/English/Undergraduate%20Prospectus/Arts/Specialised%20Programmes/BA_PPE|title=Error|work=sun.ac.za|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722003807/http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Maties/English/Undergraduate%20Prospectus/Arts/Specialised%20Programmes/BA_PPE|archive-date=2011-07-22}}</ref> *[[Obafemi Awolowo University]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oauife.edu.ng/faculties/soc_sciences/pol_sci/index.htm |title=Department of Political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife |publisher=Oauife.edu.ng |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926130153/http://www.oauife.edu.ng/faculties/soc_sciences/pol_sci/index.htm |archive-date=2010-09-26 }}</ref> Nigeria *[[University of Cape Town]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commerce.uct.ac.za/Economics/Programmes/undergraduate_programmes/ppe.asp |title=Philosophy, Politics & Economics (PPE) Programme |access-date=2009-04-21 |publisher=School of Economics, University of Cape Town |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415110240/http://www.commerce.uct.ac.za/Economics/Programmes/undergraduate_programmes/ppe.asp |archive-date=2009-04-15 }}</ref> *[[University of KwaZulu-Natal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukzn.ac.za/faculty/hdss.asp |title=University of KwaZulu-Natal – Faculties – Humanities, Development and Social Sciences |publisher=Ukzn.ac.za |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415140531/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/faculty/hdss.asp |archive-date=April 15, 2010 }}</ref> *[[University of South Africa]]<ref>[http://www.unisa.ac.za/qualifications/index.asp?link=http://www.unisa.ac.za/qualifications/Qualifications/02291PPE.html Qualification stream: Philosophy, Politics and Economics], unisa.ac.za. Accessed 2014-06-19.</ref> *[[University of Johannesburg]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uj.ac.za/EN/Faculties/humanities/departments/politicsandinternationalrelations/programmes/Undergraduate/Pages/home.aspx,|title=uj.ac.za. Accessed 2015-09-12.}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[University of Witwatersrand]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wits.ac.za/academic/humanities/socialsciences/philosophy/8640/ppe_degree.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514022123/http://www.wits.ac.za/academic/humanities/socialsciences/philosophy/8640/ppe_degree.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-05-14|title=Accessed 2015-11-10}}</ref> *[[Afe Babalola University]],<ref>{{cite web |author=abuad.edu.ng |url=http://www.abuad.edu.ng/College/soc_sciences/pol_sci/index.htm |title=Department of Political Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti |publisher=abuad.edu.ng |access-date=2010-06-01 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Nigeria *[[University of Pretoria]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.up.ac.za/|title=Higher Education - University of Pretoria|website=www.up.ac.za}}</ref> === Oceania === *[[Australian National University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://studyat.anu.edu.au/programs/3133XBPPE;overview.html |title=ANU - STUDY 2012 - Bachelor of Philosophy, Politics and Economics |publisher=ANU |access-date=2012-03-25}}</ref> *[[La Trobe University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latrobe.edu.au/handbook/2013/undergraduate/fbel/courses/lppe.htm|title=Bachelor of Politics, Philosophy and Economics - La Trobe University|date=2010-05-06|publisher=La Trobe University|access-date=2013-09-20}}</ref> *[[University of Adelaide]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/degree-finder/2018/bppe_bphilpolec.html |title= Bachelor of Philosophy, Politics and Economics |access-date=2018-04-30}}</ref> *[[University of New South Wales]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arts.unsw.edu.au/future-students/undergraduate/degrees/politics-philosophy-and-economics/ |title= Bachelor of Philosophy, Politics and Economics |access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref> *[[University of Otago]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.otago.ac.nz/ppe|title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics programme Home|website=www.otago.ac.nz|access-date=2016-05-19}}</ref> *[[University of Queensland]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://future-students.uq.edu.au/study/program/Bachelor-of-Politics-Philosophy-and-Economics-Honours-2412|title=Bachelor of Politics, Philosophy and Economics (Honours) - Future Students - University of Queensland|website=future-students.uq.edu.au|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> *[[University of Technology, Sydney]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://handbook.uts.edu.au/subjects/23580.html|title=University of Technology, Sydney|last=Sydney|first=University of Technology|website=handbook.uts.edu.au|language=en|access-date=2017-04-24}}</ref> *[[University of Western Australia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://study.uwa.edu.au/Courses/Philosophy-Politics--Economics|title=Philosophy, Politics & Economics|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> *[[University of Wollongong]] *[[Victoria University of Wellington]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.victoria.ac.nz/explore/postgraduate-programmes/master-of-philosophy-politics-and-economics/overview|title=Victoria University of Wellington|website=www.victoria.ac.nz|language=en|access-date=2017-10-06}}</ref> *[[Murdoch University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://handbook.murdoch.edu.au/units/details?unit=PHL204&year=2019|title=Murdoch University: Handbook {{!}} Unit Details {{!}} PHL204 Philosophy, Politics, Economics|website=handbook.murdoch.edu.au|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref> (appears as a unit in Philosophy (BA) or Ethics minor) *[[Monash University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.monash.edu/study/courses/find-a-course/2020/politics,-philosophy-and-economics-a2010|title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics - A2010}}</ref> === Continental Europe === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} ====Nordic==== *[[Bifröst University]], Iceland<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bifrost.is/english/academics/faculty-of-social-sciences/ba-in-ppe/ |title=Háskólinn á Bifröst – BA in PPE |publisher=Bifrost.is |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003071135/http://www.bifrost.is/english/academics/faculty-of-social-sciences/ba-in-ppe/ |archive-date=2010-10-03 }}</ref> *[[Lund University]], Sweden<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.fil.lu.se/en/education/kandidatprogram-ppe/|title=Kandidatprogram|work=lu.se|access-date=2013-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101045217/http://www.fil.lu.se/en/education/kandidatprogram-ppe/|archive-date=2014-01-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Stockholm University]], Sweden *[[Södertörn University]], Sweden <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sh.se/program--kurser/program/grund/filosofi-politik-och-ekonomi | title=Filosofi, politik och ekonomi }}</ref> *[[University of Tromsø]], Norway <ref>[http://www2.uit.no/ikbViewer/page/studiesokere/studietilbud/studieprogram?studieprogram=39624&ar=2011&p_d_i=-47400&p_d_v=218970&p_d_c=&fagfelt=3&semester=H&p_document_id=218970 ]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref> ====Italy==== *[[Ca' Foscari University of Venice]], Italy (under the designation of "Philosophy, International Studies and Economics" abbreviated "PISE", more recently “Philosophy, International and Economic Studies”) *[[Free University of Bolzano]], Italy *[[Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli]], Rome (Italy)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.luiss.it/|title=Il nostro mondo ti piacerà|publisher=LUISS Guido Carli|access-date=2012-10-22}}</ref> *[[University of Milan]], Italy (BA International Politics, Law, and Economics, MA Politics, Philosophy, and Public Affairs ) <ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.unimi.it/it/corsi/corsi-di-laurea/international-politics-law-and-economics-iple |title=IPLE| publisher=www.unimi.it |date=2020-04-21 |access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unimi.it/it/corsi/corsi-di-laurea/politics-philosophy-and-public-affairs-pppa|title=PPPA|publisher=www.unimi.it| date=2020-04-21| access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref> ====Iberia==== *Catholic University of Lisbon - Human Sciences university<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fch.lisboa.ucp.pt/pt-pt/licenciaturas/programas/licenciatura-em-filosofia-politica-e-economia-ppe |access-date=21 April 2022|title=Licenciatura em Filosofia, Política e Economia (PPE) |date=9 November 2020 }}</ref> *[[Charles III University of Madrid]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uc3m.es/ss/Satellite/Grado/en/Detalle/Estudio_C/1371212503255/1371212987094/Bachelor_s_Degree_in_Philosophy,_Politics_and_Economics |title=Bachelor's Degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|publisher=Charles III University of Madrid}}</ref> [[Autonomous University of Madrid]], [[Autonomous University of Barcelona]] and [[Pompeu Fabra University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uc3m.es/ss/Satellite/Grado/en/Detalle/Estudio_C/1371212503255/1371212987094/Bachelor_s_Degree_in_Philosophy,_Politics_and_Economics |title=Bachelor's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|publisher=Pompeu Fabra University}}</ref> (alliance of four universities), Spain *[[Ramon Llull University]], [[Barcelona]], Spain<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filosofia.url.edu/estudis/grau-filosofia-pol%C3%ADtica-i-economia/presentaci%C3%B3|title=Bachelor's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|publisher=Ramon Llull University}}</ref> *[[Comillas Pontifical University]], Madrid<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comillas.edu/es/grados/grado-en-filosofia-politica-y-economia-online-interuniversitario-comillas-y-deusto |title=Bachelor's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|publisher=Comillas Pontifical University}}</ref> ([[joint degree]]), Spain *[[Francisco de Vitoria University]], Spain<ref>{{cite web|title=Filosofía,Po lítica y Economía y Gestión en Políticas Públicas|url=https://www.ufv.es/estudiar-grado-filosofia-politica-y-economia-madrid/}}</ref> *[[Universitat Pompeu Fabra]], Barcelona, Spain <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.upf.edu/es/web/politiques/fpe|title=Grado en Filosofía Política y Economía - Unidad de Coordinación Académica de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales (UPF)|website=www.upf.edu}}</ref> *[[University of Navarra]], Spain <ref>{{cite web |title=Grado en Filosofía, Política y Economía |url=https://www.unav.edu/web/grado-en-filosofia-politica-y-economia |website=unav.edu |access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref> *[[University of Deusto]], Basque Country, Spain<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deusto.es/cs/Satellite/deusto/en/undergraduate-new-students/studies-undergraduates/ba-in-philosophy-politics-and-economy-/programa|title=BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|publisher=University of Deusto}}</ref> ====Low Countries==== *[[UCLouvain]], Belgium<ref name="UCL">{{cite web|url=https://uclouvain.be/fr/facultes/espo/bachelor-in-philosophy-politics-economics.html|title=Bachelier en sciences philosophique, politique et économique - PPE|work=uclouvain.be|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref> *[[Utrecht University]], Netherlands (Philosophy, Politics and Economics BSc) *[[Leiden University]], Netherlands<ref>{{cite web|title=MA programme in Philosophy, specialisation Philosophy, Politics and Economics|url=http://en.mastersinleiden.nl/programmes/philosophy-politics-and-economics/en/introduction|website=Masters in Leiden|publisher=Leiden University, Faculty of Humanities|access-date=14 November 2014}}</ref> *[[University of Amsterdam]], Netherlands under the designation: PPLE, Politics, Psychology, Law and Economics <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uva.nl/en/education/bachelor-s/bachelor-s-programmes/content/politics-psychology-law-and-economics/politics-psychology-law-and-economics.html|title=PPLE (in English)|author=Universiteit van Amsterdam|work=uva.nl|access-date=2015-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227124927/http://www.uva.nl/en/education/bachelor-s/bachelor-s-programmes/content/politics-psychology-law-and-economics/politics-psychology-law-and-economics.html|archive-date=2015-02-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[VU Amsterdam]], Netherlands, Bachelor's Philosophy, Politics and Economics <ref>{{cite web|url=https://vu.nl/en/education/bachelor/philosophy-politics-and-economics|title=Bachelor Philosophy, Politics and Economics|website=VU Amsterdam}}</ref> at the John Stuart Mill College <ref>{{cite web| url=https://vu.nl/en/about-vu/faculties/faculty-of-humanities/departments/john-stuart-mill-college|title=John Stuart Mill College|website=John Stuart Mill college}}</ref> ====Central Europe==== *[[CEVRO Institute]], Prague, Czech Republic *[[Charles University]], Prague, Czech Republic, [https://fsv.cuni.cz/en/admissions/bachelors-degrees/politics-philosophy-and-economics-ppe BA] & [https://fsv.cuni.cz/en/ieps MA] programs<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fsv.cuni.cz/en/ieps|title=MA in IEPS and BA in PPE |publisher=Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences }}</ref> *[[Central European University]], Vienna, Austria *[[University of Vienna]], Austria (MA [[Philosophy and economics|Philosophy and Economics]], P&E) *[[University of Salzburg]], Austria *[[University of Graz]], Austria (under the designation of MA "political, economic and legal philosophy" abbreviated "PELP")<ref>{{cite web |url=http://political-economic-legal-philosophy.uni-graz.at/ |title=Master Political, Economic and Legal Philosophy (PELP) |access-date=2012-10-29 |publisher=Department of Philosophy, University of Graz}}</ref> *[[Bard College Berlin]], Germany (under the designation of BA "Economics, Politics and Social Thought" abbreviated "EPST")<ref>{{cite web |url=https://berlin.bard.edu/academics/economics-politics-and-social-thought/|title= Economics, Politics and Social Thought (EPST) |access-date=2022-05-21 |publisher=Bard College Berlin}}</ref> *[[Frankfurt School of Finance & Management]], Germany (under the designation of B.Sc. "Management, Philosophy & Economics" abbreviated "MPE")<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.frankfurt-school.de/en/home/programmes/bachelor/bachelor-science/bsc-managementphilosophyeconomics//|title= Management, Philosophy & Economics (MPE) |access-date=2022-07-04 |publisher=Frankfurt School of Finance & Management}}</ref> *[[University of Bayreuth]], Germany (Philosophy and Economics, P&E)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://translate.google.de/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=de&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=de&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fpe.uni-bayreuth.de%2F&act=url |title=Philosophy & Economics – Bachelor and Master programmes |access-date=2011-02-02 |publisher=Faculty of Law, Business Administration and Economics, University of Bayreuth}}</ref> *[[University of Hamburg]], Germany (under the designation of M.Sc. "politics, economics and philosophy" abbreviated "PEP")<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/fachbereiche/vwl/studium/pep-msc/program-description/ |title=Master Program Politics, Economics and Philosophy (M.Sc.) |publisher=University of Hamburg |access-date=2013-02-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507081036/http://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/fachbereiche/vwl/studium/pep-msc/program-description/ |archive-date=2013-05-07 }}</ref> *[[University of Düsseldorf]], Germany *[[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]], Germany<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ppw.philosophie.lmu.de/index.html |title=Executive-Masterstudiengang Philosophie, Politik, Wirtschaft |publisher=lmu.de |access-date=2010-05-21}}</ref> *[[Witten/Herdecke University]] (bachelor and master), Germany<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-wh.de/wirtschaft/philosophie-politik-und-oekonomik-ba/|title=PPÖ - Philosophie, Politik und Ökonomik (B.A.)|first=Uni|last=Witten/Herdecke|date=11 December 2017}}</ref> *[[University of Zurich]], Switzerland (under the designation of MA "economic and political philosophy")<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipz.uzh.ch/studium/MA/tracks/ppe.html |title=Politische Ökonomie und Philosophie |access-date=2013-08-09 |publisher=Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zurich}}</ref> *[[University of Bern]], Switzerland (under the designation of MA "political, legal and economic philosophy" abbreviated "PLEP")<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philosophie.unibe.ch/plep |title=Master Political, Legal and Economic Philosophy (PLEP) |access-date=2011-08-22 |publisher=Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bern}}</ref> *[[University of Lucerne]], Switzerland<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unilu.ch/eng/studiengang-ppe_998334.html|title=Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|publisher=University of Lucerne|access-date=2013-06-17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101022255/http://www.unilu.ch/eng/studiengang-ppe_998334.html|archive-date=2014-01-01}}</ref> ====Others==== *[[Ankara University]], Turkey(Politics and Economics, still abbreviated as PPE)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ankara Üniversitesi, Politika ve Ekonomi lisans bölümü|url=http://ppe.ankara.edu.tr/}}</ref> *[[National Research University Higher School of Economics|National Research University – Higher School of Economics]], (Masters in Politics, Economics, Philosophy), Moscow, Russia *[[Ukrainian Catholic University]], [[Lviv]], [[Ukraine]] (under the designation "Ethics. Politics. Economics", abbreviated "EPE") *[[Sciences Po]], France {{div col end}} === Asia === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Tsinghua University]], [[Beijing]], China *[[Peking University]],<ref>[http://yuanpei.pku.edu.cn/shownews.php?nid=400 北京大学元培学院] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322100442/http://yuanpei.pku.edu.cn/shownews.php?nid=400 |date=2012-03-22 }}. Yuanpei.pku.edu.cn (2009-11-10). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.</ref> [[Beijing]], China *[[Renmin University of China]],<ref>[http://ppe.ruc.edu.cn/ 中国人民大学PPE]. Ppe.ruc.edu.cn Retrieved on 2016-08-18.</ref> [[Beijing]], China *[[Beijing Normal University]], [[Beijing]], China *[[Fudan University]], [[Shanghai]], China *[[Nankai University]], [[Tianjin]], China *[[Wuhan University]], [[Wuhan]], China *[[Zhongnan University of Economics and Law]], [[Wuhan]], China *[[Shandong University]], [[Jinan]], China *[[Inner Mongolia University]], [[Hohhot]], China *[[Seoul National University]], S. Korea *[[Korea University]], S. Korea *[[Sogang University]], S. Korea *[[Hanyang University]]<ref>[http://www.hanyang.ac.kr/english/ Hanyang University]. Hanyang.ac.kr. Retrieved on 2016-02-01.</ref> (under the designation "PPEL" - with law), S. Korea *[[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], Israel *[[Tel Aviv University]] (under the designation "PPEL" - with law), Israel *[[Open University of Israel]], Israel *[[Rangsit University]], Thailand *[[Thammasat University]], Thailand *[[Waseda University]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waseda.jp/seikei/seikei/english/index-e.html |title=School of Political Science and Economics &#124; WASEDA University |publisher=Waseda.jp |access-date=2010-06-02}}</ref> Japan * [[Yale-NUS|Yale-NUS, Singapore]]<ref>[http://www.yale-nus.edu.sg/curriculum/major/philosophy-politics-and-economics/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233552/http://www.yale-nus.edu.sg/curriculum/major/philosophy-politics-and-economics/|date=December 2, 2013}}</ref> *[[National University of Singapore]], Singapore<ref>[https://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/ppe]{{cite web|url=https://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/ppe|title=National University of Singapore|access-date=2018-07-26}}</ref> *[[Lucknow University]], [[Lucknow]], India *[[Amity University, Noida]], India<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amity.edu/asoe |title=AMITY SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS |access-date=2012-08-17}}</ref> *[[Bangalore University]], [[Bangalore]], India *[[Birla Institute of Technology and Science]], India *[[Ashoka University]], India *[[Asian University for Women]], Bangladesh {{div col end}} === Latin America === *[[Universidad Torcuato Di Tella]] (under the designation "Ciencia Sociales, Orientación en Política y Economía"), Argentina *[[Universidad Metropolitana]] (under the designation "Estudios Liberales"), Venezuela *[[Universidad de las Américas (Ecuador)|Universidad de las Americas]] (under the designation "Filosofia, Politica, y Economia), Ecuador == See also == *''[[Literae Humaniores]]'' *[[Philosophy and economics]] *[[List of University of Oxford people with PPE degrees]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==External links== * [http://www.ppe.ox.ac.uk PPE, Oxford University – Official Website] * [https://www.humanities.ox.ac.uk/files/ppe100yearsreportpdf 100 years of PPE at Oxford University] * [http://www.ppe-conference.org International PPE Conference] * Anomaly, Jonny (29 January 2016). [https://blog.apaonline.org/2016/01/29/why-ppe/ "Why PPE?"]. ''American Philosophical Association''. * Beckett, Andy (23 February 2017). [https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/feb/23/ppe-oxford-university-degree-that-rules-britain "PPE: the Oxford degree that runs Britain"]. ''The Guardian''. ==Further reading== * {{cite book| last1 = Anomaly| first1 = Jonathan| last2 = Brennan| first2 = Geoffrey| last3 = Munger| first3 = Michael| last4 = Sayre-McCord| first4 = Geoff| title = Philosophy, Politics, and Economics: An Anthology| date = 2016| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]| location = Oxford, UK}} * {{cite book| last1 = Gaus| first1 = Jerry| last2 = Thrasher| first2 = John| title = Philosophy, Politics, and Economics: An Introduction| date = 2021| publisher = [[Princeton University Press]]| location = Princeton, NJ}} [[Category:Academic courses at the University of Oxford]] [[Category:Political economy]] [[Category:Economics education]] [[Category:Philosophy education]] [[Category:Political science education]] [[Category:Subfields of political science]]'