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'{{short description|Pakistani politician and independence activist}} {{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[Sardar]] | name = Abdur Rab Nishtar<br>سردار عبد الرب نښتر | image = Abdul Rab Nishtar.jpg | office2 = 1st [[Ministry of Communications (Pakistan)|Minister of Communications]] | term_start2 = 15 August 1947 | term_end2 = 1 August 1949 | office1 = 2nd [[Governor of West Punjab]] | term_start1 = 2 August 1949 | term_end1 = 24 November 1951 | predecessor1 = [[Francis Mudie]] | successor1 = [[I I Chundrigar]] | primeminister2 = [[Liaqat Ali Khan]] | primeminister1 = | monarch = | governor-general = | monarch1 = [[George VI]] | birth_date = 13 June 1899 | birth_place = [[Peshawar]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now [[Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan) | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1958|2|14|1899|6|13}} | death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan)|Federal Capital Territory]], [[Pakistan]] | education = [[Edwardes College]] | alma_mater = [[University of Punjab]] (B.A)<br>[[Aligarh Muslim University]] (L.L.B) | nationality = {{flag|British India|name=British Indian}} (1899-1947)<br>{{flag|Pakistan|name=Pakistani}} (1947-1958) | occupation = [[Politician]] | party = {{flagicon image|Flag of Muslim League.svg}} [[All India Muslim League]] | predecessor2 = Office established | successor2 = [[Sardar Bahadur Khan]] }} [[Sardar]] '''Abdur Rab Nishtar''' (13 June 1899 &ndash; 14 February 1958) was a Pakistani [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] politician from [[North-West Frontier Province]].<ref name=storyofpakistan>[https://storyofpakistan.com/sardar-abdur-rub-nishtar Abdur Rab Nishtar Biography on storyofpakistan.com website] Retrieved 7 October 2019</ref> ==Early life and education== Abdul Rab Nishtar was born on 13 June 1899 into a religious household in [[Peshawar]], [[British India]]. His father, Maulvi Abdul Hannan was a prominent figure from the [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] [[Kakar]] tribe that had fiercely opposed the [[British raj]] in India.<ref name=storyofpakistan/><ref name=OPF/> Nishtar's ancestors hailed from Muslim Bagh, Killa Saifullah district in [[Balochistan, Pakistan|north Balochistan]] but had later settled in [[Peshawar]], [[British India]]. He completed his early education in a [[Christianity|Christian]] mission school and later Sanathan Dharam High School in [[Bombay]], (now 'Mumbai' in [[India]]). He eventually graduated from the [[Edwardes College]] in Peshawar and then later on completed his Bachelor of Arts degree from the [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]], [[Lahore]] in 1923. He later went to [[Aligarh]] and received an LL.B degree with honours from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] in 1925.<ref name=storyofpakistan/><ref name=OPF/> ==Political career== A man of deep religious convictions, he also had a deep interest in Islamic mysticism, a fact which probably reflects the influence of his parents and also his associate Maulana [[Muhammad Ali Jauhar]]. From 1919 to 1920, both of them actively participated in the [[Khilafat Movement]]. Later, Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar remained member of [[Indian National Congress]] from 1927 to 1931, was elected Municipal Commissioner, Peshawar Municipal committee, successively from 1929 to 1938, joined [[All-India Muslim League]], became a confidante of Pakistan's founder [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]. From 1932 to 1936, Nishtar was a member of [[All India Muslim League]] (AIML) Council, member NWFP (Northwest Frontier Province) legislative Assembly 1937 to 1945, [[Finance Minister]] NWFP 1943–45, member AIML Working Committee, 1944–1947, represented the [[All India Muslim League]] at the [[Simla Conference]] in 1945.<ref name=findpk>[https://findpk.com/cybercity/pof/sardar_abdur_rab_nishtar.html Abdur Rab Nishtar profile on Pioneers of Freedom website] Retrieved 7 October 2019</ref><ref name=storyofpakistan/> Abdur Rab Nishtar was ousted from provincial politics through the political maneuvers of a rival political leader [[Abdul Qayyum Khan]] in 1946.<ref name=OPF>{{cite web|url= https://www.opf.org.pk/almanac/P/peronpoli.htm |title=Sardar Abdul Rab Nishtar profile (scroll down to see this profile)|website=Overseas Pakistanis Foundation website|archive-date=4 December 2005|access-date=7 October 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051204090107/http://www.opf.org.pk/almanac/P/peronpoli.htm }}</ref> Abdul Qayyum Khan was an outcaste from the [[Indian National Congress]] Party, who then vigorously opposed that political party after his ouster from it,<ref>Robert Aura Smith, ''Divided India'' (Read Books, 2007), pp. 241–242</ref> especially he was against the union of the [[Indian subcontinent]] in a single country and was working for the creation of an independent Muslim state.<ref>Rajmohan Gandhi, ''Patel: a Life'', p. 416</ref><ref name=storyofpakistan/> ==As Federal Minister== After the [[Dominion of Pakistan]] was created, Nishtar was appointed Minister for communication in Pakistan and served in that position from 1947 to 1949. He introduced the use of [[Urdu language]] in [[Pakistan Railways]] and [[Pakistan Post|Pakistan Post Office]]. After the dismissal of the Punjab Provincial government in 1949, Sardar Nishtar was appointed [[Governor of Punjab (Pakistan)|Governor of Punjab]] (the first Pakistani governor in Pakistan's history, till that time the British government had still continued governing with previous English Governors). He effectively ran the Governorship for two years paving the way for restoration of an elected government in 1951.<ref name=storyofpakistan/><ref name=OPF/> ==Nomination for Prime Minister== Nishtar was considered a serious contender for the post of Prime Minister after [[Liaqat Ali Khan]]'s assassination. His appointment was blocked by senior secularists and liberal officials including the future President [[Iskander Mirza]] because of Nishtar's conservative and Islamic views. ==Became Opposition Leader against corrupt politicians== He subsequently fell out with the government over the dismissal of [[Prime minister]] [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]'s government by Governor General [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad|Ghulam Muhammad]].<ref>[https://storyofpakistan.com/ghulam-muhammad Profile of Governor General Ghulam Muhammad on storyofpakistan.com website] Updated 1 June 2003, Retrieved 8 October 2019</ref> Refusing to be involved in what he perceived as an undemocratic act, Nishtar went into opposition. In 1956, when the first Pakistani constitution was adopted, Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar was elected president of the party against the wishes of President [[Iskandar Mirza]] and then prime minister [[Chaudhry Mohammad Ali]] who were backing Dr. [[Khan Sahib]] as West Pakistan chief minister while Nishtar wanted a [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] man for the office. But a big majority of the League leaders, including Nawab [[Mushtaq Ahmad Gurmani]] and [[Mumtaz Daultana]], supported Iskander Mirza.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://epaper.dawn.com/print-textview.php?StoryImage=26_08_2017_702_001 |title=Enter the invisible oligarchy (political maneuvers by Malik Ghulam Muhammad)|website=Dawn (newspaper)|date=26 August 2017|author=Syed Jaffar Ahmed|access-date=8 October 2019}}</ref> ==Leader of Muslim League== He subsequently took over the leadership of the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] party and the League was expected to do well in West Pakistan in the planned 1959 elections but unfortunately he died before that. He served as president, Pakistan Muslim League from 1956 to 1958.<ref name=OPF/> ==Commemorative postage stamp== [[Pakistan Post|Pakistan Post Office]] issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series in 1990.<ref>[http://www.sbp.org.pk/Museum/frmftr.htm Abdur Rab Nishtar commemorative postage stamp 'Pioneers of Freedom' series (1990) on State Bank of Pakistan Museum website] Retrieved 8 October 2019</ref><ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=pakistan+philatelic+net+club&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg:CcYpT1dFc5tPIjhyVGfSSZ2coPrbq4yZQXOrnNOLJAn-ohIsxs1FMpBDYuCi10H5DL1nZf_1uSm0Gynbe2iayf5HUcyoSCXJUZ9JJnZygEQspDDR6ME2iKhIJ-turjJlBc6sRb6SA-LIFS6AqEgmc04skCf6iEhHNOCOR7tsXmSoSCSzGzUUykENiEY9pgdwVsEoyKhIJ4KLXQfkMvWcRNVn00eFGVxgqEgll_1-5KbQbKdhHr5iyRA3Z3FCoSCd7aJrJ_1kdRzESHBdr4oD3WL&tbo=u&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjlw9aMjc7hAhUQbq0KHZqMDVgQ9C96BAgBEBs&biw=1600&bih=776&dpr=1.2#imgrc=YGRa2ITGFjGpSM: Abdur Rab Nishtar (enlarged postage stamp image) on Google.com website] Retrieved 8 October 2019</ref> ==Death and legacy== [[File:Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar Tomb.jpg|thumb|Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar Tomb|300px]] Abdur Rab Nishtar died of a heart attack on 14 February 1958 in [[Karachi]]. He had been suffering from heart disease and high blood pressure since 1953. [[Nishtar Medical College]], [[Nishtar Hospital]] in the city of [[Multan]] and [[Nishtar Hall]] Peshawar are named in his honor. [[Nishtar Park]] and [[Nishtar Road]] in [[Karachi]] are named after him. He was buried at [[Mazar-e-Quaid]] near the [[Tomb of Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the founding father of [[Pakistan]] to acknowledge his services in the cause of Pakistan. Abdul Rab Nishtar had a reputation of being a sincere political leader and a man of amicable nature. With his political activities, he contributed greatly to All-India Muslim League and the Muslims living in the Indian subcontinent, creating political consciousness and Islamic spirit among them.<ref name=storyofpakistan/><ref name=OPF/> Abdul Rab Nishtar was a close friend of both Maulana [[Muhammad Ali Jauhar]] and Maulana [[Shaukat Ali (politician)|Shaukat Ali]]. At one point during their association, Muhammad Ali Jauhar had told Nishtar that he opposed Jinnah for re-organization of the All-India Muslim League. After finding out all the details of Jinnah-Jauhar discussion, Nishtar decided to support Jinnah's proposal and even succeeded in convincing Jauhar to do the same.<ref name=storyofpakistan/> Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar's younger brother Sardar Abdul Ghayur was a senior diplomat who served as Pakistan's ambassador in numerous countries. [[Safwat Ghayur]] (Shaheed) the widely respected and venerated AIGP (police) officer who was martyred in the line of duty was a nephew of Nishtar. General [[Abdul Waheed Kakar]] former [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)]] is another nephew of Nishtar. Senior political leader, chairman of [[Qaumi Watan Party]], former [[Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|chief minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and former [[interior minister]] [[Aftab Ahmad Khan Sherpao]] was son in law to Nishtar. His eldest son Jamil Nishtar was a renowned banker, another was Prominent physician Professor Dr Tariq Nishtar, and youngest one died at the age 29 and was an engineer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar's last surviving son passes away|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/85311-Sardar-Abdur-Rab-Nishtars-last-surviving-son-passes-away|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref> Abdur Rab Nishtar's grandson is married to Dr. [[Sania Nishtar]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nation.com.pk/11-Oct-2008/pm-meets-nishtars-grand-daughter|title=PM meets Nishtar's grand daughter|date=11 October 2008}}</ref> who is the special assistant on poverty alleviation and social safety to Prime Minister [[Imran Khan]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Bibliography== Syed Mujawar Hussain Shah, Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar: A Political Biography (Lahore, Qadiria Books, 1985). ==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120204103403/http://www.cybercity-online.net/pof/sardar_abdur_rab_nishtar.html Abdur Rab Nishtar, Pioneers of Freedom website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051204090107/http://www.opf.org.pk/almanac/P/peronpoli.htm Abdul Rab Nishtar on Overseas Pakistanis Foundation website] {{S-start}} {{s-off}} {{succession box |title=[[Governor of Punjab (Pakistan)|Governor of Punjab]] |years=1949–1951 |before=[[Francis Mudie]] |after=[[Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar|I.I. Chundrigar]]}} {{end}} {{Pakistan Movement}} {{Governors of Punjab}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nishtar, Abdur Rab}} [[Category:First Pakistani Cabinet]] [[Category:All India Muslim League members]] [[Category:Pashtun people]] [[Category:Governors of Punjab, Pakistan]] [[Category:University of the Punjab alumni]] [[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]] [[Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement]] [[Category:People from Peshawar]] [[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1947&ndash;1954]] [[Category:Communications Ministers of Pakistan]] [[Category:Pakistani sports executives and administrators]] [[Category:Pakistan Movement activists from the North-West Frontier Province]] [[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]] [[Category:Edwardes College alumni]] [[Category:1899 births]] [[Category:1958 deaths]] [[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]]'