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'{{Short description|French physicist}} {{Infobox scientist |name = André Neveu |image = |birth_date = {{birth-date and age|28 August 1946}} |birth_place = Paris, France |nationality = |field = [[Theoretical physics]] |work_institutions = |alma_mater = [[École Normale Supérieure]]<br>[[University of Paris XI]] |doctoral_advisor = [[Claude Bouchiat]]<br>{{Ill|Philippe Meyer (physicist)|lt=Philippe Meyer|fr|Philippe Meyer (physicien)}} |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[RNS formalism]]<br>[[Neveu–Schwarz algebra]]<br>[[Neveu–Schwarz B-field]]<br>[[Gross–Neveu model]] |prizes = [[Dirac Medal]] {{small|(2020)}}<br>[[Three Physicists Prize]] {{small|(2005)}}<br>[[Prix Paul Langevin]] {{small|(1973)}} <br>[[Peccot Lectures]] {{small|(1974-1975)}}<br>[[Jane Eliza Procter Fellowship|Procter Fellowship]] }} '''André Neveu''' ({{IPA-fr|nəvø|lang}}; born 28 August 1946) is a French [[physicist]] working on [[string theory]] and [[quantum field theory]] who coinvented the [[Neveu–Schwarz algebra]] and the [[Gross–Neveu model]]. ==Biography== Neveu studied in Paris at the [[École Normale Supérieure]] (ENS). In 1969 he received his diploma (Thèse de troisième cycle) at [[University of Paris XI]] in Orsay with {{Ill|Philippe Meyer (physicist)|lt=Philippe Meyer|fr|Philippe Meyer (physicien)}} and [[Claude Bouchiat]] and in 1971 he completed his doctorate ([[Doctorat d'État]]) there. In 1969 he and his classmate from ENS and Orsay, [[Joël Scherk]], together with [[John H. Schwarz]] and [[David Gross]] at Princeton University, examined divergences in one-loop diagrams of the [[bosonic string theory]] (and discovered the cause of [[tachyon#Tachyons in string theory|tachyon]] divergences).<ref>{{citation | title = Renormalization and Unitarity in the Dual-Resonance Model | last1 = Gross | first1 = David J. | last2 = Neveu | first2 = A. | last3 = Scherk | first3 = J. | last4 = Schwarz | first4 = John H. | journal = Phys. Rev. D | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | pages = 697–710 | year = 1970 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.2.697 |bibcode = 1970PhRvD...2..697G }}</ref> From 1971 to 1974 Neveu was at the Laboratory for High Energy Physics of the University of Paris XI where he and Scherk showed that spin-1 excitations of strings could describe [[Yang–Mills theory|Yang–Mills theories]].<ref>{{citation | title = Connection between Yang-Mills fields and dual models | last1 = Neveu | first1 = A. | last2 = Scherk | first2 = J. | journal = Nuclear Physics B | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | year = 1972 | pages = 155–161 | doi = 10.1016/0550-3213(72)90301-X |bibcode = 1972NuPhB..36..155N }}</ref> In 1971, Neveu with John Schwarz in Princeton developed, at the same time as [[Pierre Ramond]] (1971), the first string theory that also described fermions (called [[RNS formalism]] after its three originators).<ref>{{citation | title = Factorizable dual model of pions | last1 = Neveu | first1 = A. | last2 = Schwarz | first2 = J. H. | journal = Nuclear Physics B | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | year = 1971 | pages = 86–112 | doi = 10.1016/0550-3213(71)90448-2 |bibcode = 1971NuPhB..31...86N }}; {{citation | title = Tachyon-free dual model with a positive intercept trajectory | last1 = Neveu | first1 = A. | last2 = Schwarz | first2 = J. H. | journal = Physics Letters B | volume = 34 | issue = 6 | year = 1971 | pages = 517–518 | doi = 10.1016/0370-2693(71)90669-1 |bibcode = 1971PhLB...34..517N }}; {{citation | title = Quark Model of Dual Pions | last1 = Neveu | first1 = A. | last2 = Schwarz | first2 = John H. | journal = Phys. Rev. D | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | pages = 1109–1111 | year = 1971 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.4.1109 |bibcode = 1971PhRvD...4.1109N }}; {{citation | title = Reformulation of the Dual Pion Model | last1 = Neveu | first1 = A. | last2 = Schwarz | first2 = J. H. | last3 = Thorn | first3 = C. B. | journal = Physics Letters B | volume = 35 | issue = 6 | year = 1971 | pages = 529–533 | doi = 10.1016/0370-2693(71)90391-1 |bibcode = 1971PhLB...35..529N }}. The version of Neveu and Schwarz differed from that of Ramond in the boundary terms. By the choice of the boundary terms they obtained [[fermion]] pairs to produce a model of the [[pion]], a [[boson]]. An important advantage of this string theory at that time was also that the unphysical tachyon of the bosonic string theory was eliminated.</ref> This was an early appearance of the ideas of [[supersymmetry]] which were being developed independently at that time by several groups. A few years later, Neveu, working in Princeton with David Gross, developed the Gross–Neveu model.<ref>A quantum-field-theoretic model of Dirac fermions with a four-fermion interaction vertex and unitary symmetry in one spatial dimension. It is [[renormalizable]] and [[asymptotic freedom|asymptotically free]]. In this model phenomena such as dynamic bulk production and spontaneous symmetric breaking can be studied.{{citation | title = Dynamical symmetry breaking in asymptotically free field theories | last1 = Gross | first1 = David J. | last2 = Neveu | first2 = André | journal = Phys. Rev. D | volume = 10 | issue = 10 | pages = 3235–3253 | year = 1974 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.10.3235 |bibcode = 1974PhRvD..10.3235G }}</ref> With [[Roger Dashen]] and Brosl Hasslacher, he examined, among other things, quantum-field-theoretic models of extended hadrons and semiclassical approximations in quantum field theory which are reflected in the DHN method of the quantization of [[solitons]]. From 1972 to 1977 Neveu was at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] while spending half of the time in Orsay. From 1974 to 1983 he was at the Laboratory for Theoretical Physics of the ENS and from 1983 to 1989 in the theory department at [[CERN]]. From 1975 he was ''Maitre de recherche'' in the [[CNRS]] and from 1985 ''Directeur de recherche''. From 1989 he was at the Institute (Laboratory) for Theoretical Physics of the [[Montpellier 2 University|University of Montpellier II]] (now L2C, Laboratory Charles Coulomb). In 1994/5 he was a visiting professor in the [[University of California]], Berkeley. In 1973, Neveu received the [[Paul Langevin Prize]] of the [[Société Française de Physique]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Liste exhaustive de tous les récipiendaires de prix SFP|url = http://sfp.in2p3.fr/Prix/prix_anciens.html|publisher = Société française de physique|access-date = 18 January 2011}}</ref> In 1988 he received the [[:de:Gentner-Kastler-Preis|Gentner-Kastler Prize]] awarded jointly by the Société Française de Physique and the [[Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft]] (DPG).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.dpg-physik.de/preise/preistraeger_gentnerkastler.html| title = Preisträger Gentner–Kastler| publisher = Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft| access-date = 23 January 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111127233223/http://www.dpg-physik.de/preise/preistraeger_gentnerkastler.html| archive-date = 27 November 2011| url-status = dead}}</ref> In 2020 he was awarded the [[Dirac Medal]] of the ICTP.<ref>[https://www.ictp.it/about-ictp/media-centre/news/2020/8/ictp-dirac-medal-2020-announced.aspx Dirac Medal 2020 of ICTP]</ref> Neveu is married and has three children. ==Writings== * {{citation | last = Neveu | first = A. | title = Introduction to Strings and Superstrings | journal = Physikalische Blätter | volume = 44 | issue = 7 | year = 1988 | page = 195 | doi=10.1002/phbl.19880440709 | doi-access = free }} (On the occasion of the awarding of the Gentner-Kastler Prize) * {{citation | last = Neveu | first = A. | contribution = Dual resonance models and strings in QCD | title = Recent Advances in Field Theory and Statistical Mechanics, Les Houches, France, Aug 2 – Sep 10, 1982 | editor1-last = Zuber | editor1-first = Jean-Bernard | editor2-last = Stora | editor2-first = Raymond | series = Les Houches Summer School Proceedings | volume = 39 | page = 760 | year = 1982 }} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==External links== <!-- *[http://www.cnrs.fr/comitenational/doc/annuaire/cv_csd/mppu/Neveu_A.pdf CV of André Neveu] --> *[http://www.lpthe.jussieu.fr/sugra30/TALKS/Neveu.pdf Some of my recollections about Joël Scherk] *[https://inspirehep.net/author/profile/A.Neveu.1 Scientific publications of André Neveu] on [[INSPIRE-HEP]] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neveu, Andre}} [[Category:1946 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Scientists from Paris]] [[Category:French string theorists]] [[Category:People associated with CERN]]'