Examine individual changes

'{{for|the unrelated fleet sedan model sold as the "Crown Comfort" and "Crown Sedan" from 1995 to 2018|Toyota Comfort}} {{for|the unrelated mid-size crossover SUV model sold in China as the "Crown Kluger" since 2021|Toyota Crown Kluger (XU70)}} {{for|the unrelated minivan model sold in China as the "Crown Vellfire" since 2021|Toyota Crown Vellfire (AH30)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022|cs1-dates=yy}} {{Use American English|date=July 2022}} {{Infobox automobile | name = Toyota Crown | image = Toyota CROWN 3.5HYBRID RS Advance (6AA-GWS224-AEXAB) front (cropped).jpg | caption = 2018 Toyota Crown 3.5 Hybrid RS Advance (GWS224, Japan) | manufacturer = [[Toyota]] | production = 1955–present | assembly = {{unbulleted list | Japan: [[Toyota, Aichi]] (Honsha plant, 1955–1959; [[Motomachi plant]], 1959–present; [[Tsutsumi plant]], 2022–present) | Australia (1967<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.com.au/toyota/company/history |title=History |publisher=Toyota |location=Australia |access-date=2012-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414235150/http://www.toyota.com.au:80/toyota/company/history |archive-date=2012-04-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref>–1988) | China: [[Tianjin]] ([[Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co. Ltd.|TFTM]], 2005–2020) | Indonesia: [[Jakarta]] (1976–1983; 1987–2000) | Philippines: [[Parañaque]] (1967–1984; 1989–1997); [[Santa Rosa, Laguna]] (1997–1999) }} | class = [[Mid-size luxury car]] ([[E-segment|E]]) | body_style = {{unbulleted list | [[Sedan (automobile)|Sedan]] (1955–present) | 4-door [[Hardtop|hardtop]] sedan (1974–1999) | 4-door [[fastback]] sedan (2022–present) | 2-door [[hardtop coupe]] (1967–1983) | 3/5-door [[Station wagon|wagon]] (1955–2007) | 2-door [[coupe utility]] (pickup, 1962–1971) }} | layout = {{unbulleted list | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] (1955–2022) | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive]] (1995–present) }} | related = {{unbulleted list | [[Toyota Crown Majesta]] (1991–2020) | [[Lexus GS]] (1991–2011) }} | successor = {{unbulleted list | [[Toyota Corona Mark II]] (North America, for S60/S70 model) | [[Toyota Avalon (XX50)]] (China, for S210 model) | [[Lexus GS]] (export, for S130 model) | [[Toyota Soarer]] (hardtop coupe) }} }} The {{nihongo|'''Toyota Crown'''|トヨタ・クラウン|Toyota Kuraun|lead=yes}} is an [[automobile]] which has been produced by [[Toyota]] in Japan since 1955. It is primarily a line of [[mid-size luxury car]]s that is marketed as an upmarket offering in the Toyota lineup. Introduced in 1955 as the '''Toyopet Crown''', it has served as the mainstream sedan from Toyota in the Japanese market throughout its existence and holds the distinction of being the longest-running passenger-car nameplate affixed to any Toyota model, along with being the first Toyota vehicle to be exported to the United States in 1958. Its traditional competitors in Japan and Asia have been the [[Nissan Cedric]]/[[Nissan Gloria|Gloria]]/[[Nissan Fuga|Fuga]] and the [[Honda Legend]], along with the defunct [[Mazda Luce]], [[Isuzu Bellel]] and [[Mitsubishi Debonair]]. Formerly only available at [[Toyota Store]] dealers in Japan, the Crown has been popular for government usage, whether as a [[Law enforcement in Japan|police car]] or for transporting government officials. It has also been popular with Japanese companies as company cars along with use as a taxicab. While a base Crown was available for many years aimed at the taxicab market, the increasing opulence and price of the Crown line led to the creation of the [[Toyota Comfort|Comfort]] in 1995 as a more affordable alternative. Outside Japan, the larger [[Lexus LS]] took over the role of Toyota's flagship sedan in 1989 in the company's global lineup. In North America, the first through fourth generations were offered from 1958 through 1972, being replaced by the [[Toyota Mark II (X10)|Corona Mark II]].<ref name=USA50>{{cite web|work=Toyota USA Automobile Museum|title=Timeline: Passenger Cars |url=http://www.toyota50th.com/history.htm| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140719111358/http://toyota50th.com/pdf/cars.pdf | archivedate=2014-07-19 }}</ref> The Crown nameplate returned to the North American market in 2022, when the sixteenth-generation model was released. The Crown has also been partially succeeded in export markets by its closely related sibling, the [[Lexus GS]], which since its debut in 1991 as the Toyota Aristo has always shared the Crown's platform and powertrain options. Later models of the GS and Crown have taken on a very strong aesthetic kinship through shared design cues. In 2022, Toyota unveiled four different Crown models to replace the fifteenth-generation model. The first model that is available is the Crossover-type Crown, which is also marketed in North America as the sole Crown model. The remaining three models: Sedan, Sport, and Estate, will be released later. The Crown's history and reputation has given it prominence in the Toyota lineup, as it is one of the few current Toyota models to carry its own unique insignia for the model line with the current Crown having a stylized crown emblem on the grille and steering wheel along with inspiring the names of its smaller progenitors. The [[Toyota Corona|Corona]], introduced as a smaller companion to the Crown means "crown" in Latin and was initially exported as the "[[Tiara]]", while the [[Toyota Corolla|Corolla]] took its name from the ''[[wikt:corolla|corolla]]'' ("[[Corolla (headgear)|small crown]]") in Latin. The [[Toyota Camry|Camry]]'s name is derived from the Japanese phrase {{nihongo|''kanmuri''|冠, かんむり}} meaning "little crown" and the [[Toyota Scepter|Scepter]] took its name from the ''[[sceptre]]'', an accessory to a crown. The [[Toyota Avalon|Avalon]] (the Crown's North American counterpart), while not named after a crown, is named after [[Avalon|a mythical island]] from the legends of King Arthur. Toyota's "Discover Crown Spirit Project" is a program in which Japanese Toyota dealers fully restore instances of every generation of the Crown to show that even the oldest Crown still works.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://toyota.jp/information/campaign/discovercrown/?padid=ag341_from_crown_top_topics_discovercrown |title=トヨタ インフォメーション {{!}} キャンペーン {{!}} DISCOVER CROWN SPIRIT PROJECT スペシャルサイト {{!}} 歴代CROWNをもう一度走らせよう {{!}} トヨタ自動車WEBサイト |trans-title=Toyota Information {{!}} Campaign {{!}} DISCOVER CROWN SPIRIT PROJECT Special Site {{!}} Let's run CROWN once again {{!}} TOYOTA MOTOR WEB SITE |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |language=ja |access-date=2018-07-02}}</ref> __TOC__ {{clear}} == Exports == [[File:Toyota Crown logo.svg|thumb|Crown logo, used from twelfth to fourteenth generation]] The Crown was first exported to the United States from 1958 to 1972 as the first model Toyota exported to the country.<ref name="USA50"/> In 1960, Toyota temporarily suspended exports to the region as the Crown was not capable of speeds needed on American freeways, before introducing an improved model.<ref name=":0" /> The Crown was also exported to Canada from 1964 to 1972, and Mexico from 1959 to 1964.<ref name=":75">{{cite web |title=Activities by Region: North America |work=75 years of TOYOTA |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/sales/activity/north_america/index.html |access-date=2022-09-07 |publisher=Toyota}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Activities by Region: Latin America |work=75 years of TOYOTA |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/sales/activity/latin_america/index.html |access-date=2022-09-07 |publisher=Toyota}}</ref> Exports to Europe began in 1964 with the first cars going to Finland. Other European countries which saw early imports of the Crown included the Netherlands and Belgium. The United Kingdom was another European market until the early 1980s. Australia was another important export market for the Crown – to the extent that it was manufactured there from the mid-1960s until the late 1980s using many local components.{{cn|date=September 2022}} The island nations of [[Aruba]] and [[Curaçao]] in the Southern Caribbean also imported the Crown starting from the second generation (S40) in 1965 in Curaçao up until importation of the tenth generation (S150). It was discontinued in 1998 due to the high price and low demand combined with the introduction of the [[Lexus GS]] series.{{cn|date=September 2022}} In 2019, a small number of fifteenth-generation Crowns were exported to Indonesia for use as an official vehicle by cabinet ministers and other government officials.{{r|S220 Indonesia}} The sixteenth-generation Crown that was introduced in 2022 will be exported to about 40 countries with an expected annual sales volume of around 200,000 units.<ref>{{cite news |last=Davis |first=River |date=2022-07-15 |title=Toyota Prepares to Release Iconic ‘Crown’ Cars in 40 Countries |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-15/toyota-prepares-to-release-iconic-crown-cars-in-40-countries |website=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |location=US |access-date=2022-09-16}}</ref> == {{anchor|RS|S10|S20|S30}} Toyopet Crown – First generation (RS/S10/S20/S30; 1955) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Toyopet Crown – First generation (RS/S10/S20/S30) | image = Toyota-crown-1st-generation01.jpg | aka = [[Toyopet Master#Masterline|Toyopet Masterline]] (commercial models) | production = 1955–1962 | designer = Kenya Nakamura | body_style = {{unbulleted list | 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] | 4-door [[station wagon]] | 2-door [[station wagon]] }} | layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | related = {{unbulleted list | [[Toyopet Master]] | [[Toyopet Master|Toyopet Master Ribbon]] }} | engine = {{unbulleted list | 1,453&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota R engine#R|R]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]] (RS, RS20) | 1,897&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota R engine#3R|3R]]'' I4 (RS30) | 1,491&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota C engine#C|C]]'' [[Diesel engine|diesel]] I4 (CS20) }} | transmission = | wheelbase = {{convert|2530|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|4285|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1679|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1524|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1152|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} }} The Crown was introduced in 1955 in Japan to meet the demands of public transportation.<ref name="facm">{{cite web |url=http://www.facm.net/eng/col_10.htm |title=Toyopet Crown – the car which laid the foundation of today's prosperity |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404102601/http://www.facm.net/eng/col_10.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=2007-04-04}}</ref> The Crown was intended for private purchase, while the [[Toyopet Master|Master]] served in a commercial form as a taxi, both with the same 1.5&nbsp;L [[Toyota R engine|Type R]] engine used on their previous car, the Toyopet [[Toyota Super|Super]]. The front doors open conventionally, and the rear doors are "[[suicide door]]s", a feature also utilized on the [[Toyota AA]], Toyota's first car. Small engine displacements were used to keep the vehicle affordable, as the Japanese government began to impose an [[Road tax#Japan|annual road tax]] to help develop and maintain a national transportation infrastructure in 1950. The appearance of the Crown shows some similarities with the European [[Ford Versailles (France)|Ford Versailles]] and [[Simca Vedette]]. The '''Toyota Patrol''' was a police car version of the 1955 Crown. The Crown was much more popular than the Master due to the more compliant suspension of the Crown, and while the Master was intended for taxi service, the Crown was more accepted by the market over the Master, and more Crowns were sold into taxi service than the Master. The Crown was designed to replace the Super but Toyota was not sure if its independent front coil suspension and its suicide type rear doors were too radical for the taxi market to bear. So the Super was updated, renamed the [[Toyopet Master|Master]] and sold in tandem to the Crown, at ''[[Toyota Store]]'' locations. When sales of the Crown proved worthwhile, the Master was discontinued in November 1956 after being in production for only one year, and production facilities for the Master were transferred to the Crown.<ref name="first">{{cite book |title=Toyota: A history of the First 50 Years |year=1988 |pages=133, 135, 137 |publisher=Toyota |isbn=0-517-61777-3}}</ref> While the Master was discontinued the commercial vehicle based thereon, the '''Masterline''', continued to be offered (utilities, wagons and vans) until 1959. A six-door wagon known as the [[Toyota Airport Limousine (1961)|Airport Limousine]] was shown as a concept car at the 1961 [[Tokyo Motor Show]]. It did not go into production. In December 1955, the Crown Deluxe (RSD) was introduced, a posher model equipped with a radio and heater as standard.<ref>''[[#GPPC|History Timeline of the Japanese automobile]]'', p. 69</ref> The initial RS model received a cosmetic update in 1958 to become the RS20, now with hooded headlights and a single-piece front windshield. In October 1959, Japan's first [[Diesel engine|diesel-engine]] passenger car, the Crown Diesel, was introduced. Its C-series engine only had {{convert|40|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>''[[#GPPC|History Timeline of the Japanese automobile]]'', p. 79</ref> In October 1960, the 1.5&nbsp;L R engine was complemented by the larger 1.9&nbsp;L (1,896&nbsp;cc) [[Toyota R engine#3R|3R]] engine for a model called the RS30, originally only available in the Deluxe version. The 1900 was also available with the new two-speed Toyoglide automatic transmission.<ref>''[[#GPPC|History Timeline of the Japanese automobile]]'', p. 83</ref> In April 1961, a Crown Standard 1900 was added. Its coil and double wishbone [[independent front suspension]]<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |title=Technical Development - Chassis |website=75 Years of TOYOTA |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/products_technology/technology_development/chassis/index.html}}</ref> was a departure from the leaf sprung [[beam axle]] front suspension used on most previous models but was similar to the independent front suspension used on the 1947 Toyopet [[Toyota SA|SA]]. The live axle rear suspension was similar to that used on most of the previous models (unlike the trailing arm rear suspension used on the SA). Taxi versions were produced and beginning in March 1959 commercial versions of the vehicle were also available, as an estate wagon and a three- or six-seat [[coupe utility]].<ref name="Trucks17-75">{{cite book |last=Ozeki |first=Kazuo |ref=1917-75 |script-title=ja:日本のトラック・バス 1917~1975 |trans-title=Japanese Trucks and Buses 1917-1975 |publisher=Miki Press |year=2007 |page=58 |location=Tokyo |language=ja |isbn=978-4-89522-487-1 }}</ref> These took over the "Toyopet Masterline" name in the Japanese domestic market, but usually received "Crown" badges in the export. The "Crown" name was previously in use by the [[Imperial (automobile)#Imperial Crown (1955–1965)|Imperial]] limousine manufactured by [[Chrysler]] in the early 1950s. In 1958, it introduced a ball joint suspension.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Production of the double-cab Masterline pickup (RR19) started in April 1957 by the former [[Central Motors]].<ref name="75 Years of Toyota, Toyota Motor East Japan">{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/toyota_motor_east_japan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823213737/http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/toyota_motor_east_japan.html |archive-date=2019-08-23 |title=Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries) - Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. |website=75 Years of TOYOTA|publisher=Toyota|year=2012}}</ref> In August 1957, three Toyota delegates with the intent to establish a sales company in the United States introduced a white and black Crown and Crown Deluxe at a public relations event attended by dealers and the media.<ref name="toyotaglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section9/item5.html|title=Toyota's Entry into the United States|access-date=2014-01-31|publisher=Toyota}}</ref> Both models were constructed with 50% thicker steel than the average American car at the time and the black Deluxe model was nicely appointed with lots of chrome and luxurious items like a radio, heater and whitewall tires which prompted the press to liken it to a "baby Cadillac".<ref name="Hsu 2013 157">{{cite book|last=Hsu |first=Ben|title=Classic Japanese Performance Cars|year=2013|publisher=CarTech Inc|location=North Branch, MN |page=157}}</ref> This promising initial showing along with the strong reputation of the Crown in Japan gave Toyota the confidence to pursue exports to the United States despite known high-speed performance issues.<ref name="toyotaglobal"/> As a publicity stunt to demonstrate the car's reliability, Toyota staged a campaign common to American automakers: a coast-to-coast endurance run from Los Angeles to New York. The Toyopet was barely able to limp into Las Vegas before the project had to be called off.{{Citation needed|reason=none offered|date=January 2014}} Toyota's first export to the United States began with 30 Crown Deluxes in June 1958 after establishing Toyota Motor Sales USA the previous October, the first directly managed retail dealer (Hollywood Toyota) the previous February, U.S. wholesale and import companies, and a parts warehouse in Long Beach.<ref name="toyotaglobal"/><ref name="toyotausamusempassengercartimeline">{{cite web|url=http://www.toyotausamuseum.com/history.htm|title=Toyota USA Museum Passenger Car Timeline|access-date=2014-01-31|date=2014-01-31|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210101548/http://toyotausamuseum.com/history.htm|archive-date=2013-12-10}}</ref> Toyota also signs up 45 dealers to sell cars in its initial year, growing to 70 dealers by 1960 and 90 by 1962.<ref name="toyotausamusempassengercartimeline"/> In the effort to obtain certification from the California Highway Patrol for the sale of the Crown in California, Toyota shipped the cars without headlights and installed General Electric sourced sealed beam units upon arrival which met the required standard for brightness.<ref name="toyotaglobal"/> Since the car was designed for the muddy, slow, unpaved Japanese roads, it failed the mass urban landscape of the US because of its inability to keep up with traffic on the faster interstate highways, along with stability, noise and vibration concerns.<ref name="toyotaglobal"/><ref name="greatcars">{{cite web|url=http://www.greatcarstv.com/news/50th-anniversary-of-toyota-in-the-usa.html |title=50th ANNIVERSARY OF TOYOTA IN THE USA |access-date=2009-03-04 |publisher=Great Cars |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225214653/http://www.greatcarstv.com/news/50th-anniversary-of-toyota-in-the-usa.html |archive-date=2008-12-25}}</ref> The car was also very rigid and heavy for its size at 2700 pounds. ''Motor Trend'' reported "The Toyopet is so rigid that jacking up one wheel at the rear bumper quickly lifted the other rear wheel". They also observed an average of 23.5 mpg combined city/highway for 407 miles.<ref name="Lassa">{{cite magazine|last=Lassa|first=Todd|title=1961 Toyopet Crown Custom And 1967 Toyota Corona 1900 Classic Drive|url=http://www.motortrend.com/classic/roadtests/12q4_1961_toyopet_crown_custom_and_1967_toyota_corona_1900/|magazine=Motor Trend|access-date=2014-02-01}}</ref> To remedy the performance issues along with the resulting breakage of parts from being overly stressed, Toyota introduced the newer RS22L and the RS32L series Crown with the larger 3R engine and other improvements for high-speed driving in July 1960.<ref name="toyotaglobal"/> For 1958, Toyota introduced the Crown in sedan form only (Standard and Deluxe) with a base price of {{USD|2187|year=1958|about=yes}}. Options included $94 AM radio and $75 whitewall tires. By comparison, an optioned up Crown was $32 more than the base Chevy Del Ray and $10 more than the Rambler Rebel V8 sedan.<ref name="Lassa"/> Total sales for the initial year were 287.<ref name="toyotausamusempassengercartimeline"/> For 1959, sales were again limited to only sedan models and despite a price boost to $2,329 for the Deluxe model, sales more than tripled to 967 units.<ref name="toyotausamusempassengercartimeline"/><ref name="Lassa"/> For 1960, Toyota added a wagon body style ($2,111 for the two-door, $2,211 for the four-door) but in the midst of Detroit's Big Three compact cars (Ford Falcon, Chevy Corvair and Plymouth Valiant), sales fell to 659 units. For 1961, the Crown was being sold with the newer 3R engine and alongside the new smaller [[Toyota Corona#T20|Tiara]] model with the Crown's outgoing 1.5L engine. Only the Custom sedan and wagon were offered ($1,795 and $2,080 respectively). Total sales for 1961 reached only 225 units, trailing off to 74 for 1962, and finally 28 for 1963.<ref name="toyotausamusempassengercartimeline"/><ref name="Lassa"/> Total sales for the Toyopet Crown RS series in the United States is 2,240.<ref name="Lassa"/> By the end of 1960, Toyota Motor Sales USA had accumulated 1.42 million dollars in losses from lackluster sales of the Crown. To prevent any further loss, all passenger car imports were suspended and new management structures were established to refocus all sales efforts on the Toyota Land Cruiser with profitability expected from selling 50 to 60 per month until the development of a new car suitable for the US market.<ref>{{cite web|title=Toyota's Entry into the United States: Passenger car exports suspended|url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/taking_on_the_automotive_business/chapter2/section9/item5_a.html|publisher=Toyota|access-date=2014-02-01}}</ref> In November 2000, Toyota released the [[Toyota Origin|Origin]], a retro version of the RS series Crown to celebrate 100 million vehicles having been built in Japan. === Gallery === {{gallery |width=200 |height=150 |File:1955 Toyopet Crown 03.jpg|1955 Toyopet Crown |File:1957 Toyopet Crown 01.jpg|1957 Toyopet Crown |file:1959 Toyopet Crown 01.jpg|1958 Toyopet Crown |File:1960 Toyota Toyopet Crown Custom (2728347022).jpg|1960 Toyopet Crown |File:1961 Toyopet Crown RS31.jpg|1961 Toyopet Crown |File:1962 Toyopet Crown 1900.jpg|1962 Toyopet Crown |File:1961 Toyopet Masterline Light Van (RS36V), rear right.jpg|Toyopet Masterline (rear) |File:1962 Toyopet Crown 1900 engine.jpg|1962 Toyopet Crown 1900 ''[[Toyota R engine#3R|3R]]'' I4 (RS30) |}} {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S40}} Toyopet Crown – Second generation (S40; 1962) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Toyopet Crown – Second generation (S40) | aka = Toyota Crown | image = 1967 Toyota Crown (MS45) sedan (15696855227).jpg | caption = 1967 Toyota Crown sedan (MS45, Australia) | production = {{unbulleted list | 1962–1967 | February 1967–unknown (Australia)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/overseas/overview/oceania.html |title=Overview of Overseas Production Affiliates: Oceania |publisher=Toyota |year=2012 |access-date=2014-07-11}}</ref> }} | assembly = {{unbulleted list | Japan : [[Toyota City]]&nbsp;(Motomachi plant number 1)<ref name=SHIOJI>{{cite journal |year=1995 |last=Shioji |first=Hiromi |title='Itaku' Automotive Production: An Aspect of the Development of Full-Line and Wide-Selection Production by Toyota in the 1960s |volume=65 |issue=1 |journal=Kyoto University Economic Review |pages=26–27 |publisher=Kyoto University |jstor=43217480 |issn=0023-6055}}</ref> | Australia: [[Port Melbourne]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_toyota_crown_s40.htm |title=Toyota Crown S40 |work=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=2013-11-28}}</ref> }} | body_style = {{unbulleted list | 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] | 4-door [[station wagon]] | 2-door [[coupe utility]] }} | layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | engine = {{unbulleted list | 1.9 L ''[[Toyota R engine#3R|3R]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]] | 2.0 L ''[[Toyota M engine#M|M]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]] | 2.3 L ''[[Toyota M engine#2M|2M]]'' I6 }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 3-speed manual | 4-speed manual | 2-speed ''Toyoglide'' automatic }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|4610|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | {{convert|4688|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (wagon) }} | width = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1695|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | {{convert|1670|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (wagon) }} | height = {{convert|1460|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1265|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} | {{convert|1354|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (wagon) }} | related = [[Toyopet Masterline]] }} Due to the introduction of the [[Toyota Corona|Corona]], the dramatically restyled and enlarged Series S40 was launched in 1962, and saw the introduction of the '''Custom''' model. According to the Japanese Wikipedia article for the Crown, the styling was said to be influenced by the recently introduced [[Ford Falcon (North America)|Ford Falcon]] in 1960. The front grille approach has a similar appearance to the 1960 [[Imperial (automobile)#1960 (Series PY1-L,M,H)|Imperial Crown (Chrysler)]], which speaks to Toyota's aspirations that the Crown be a large, comfortable sedan. The station wagon body style carried over from the previous generation Masterline, but with more attention to the luxurious approach used on the Crown. Headlights were integrated within the boundaries of the greatly enlarged grille, providing a clean, modern appearance. A 2-speed automatic transmission was introduced, called Toyoglide, with a column shift. A bigger and better car than the previous S30 series, it initially had four-cylinder R-series engines before the addition of the "M" six-cylinder engine in 1965. '''Deluxe''' and '''Super Deluxe''' models were available with added features. The ladder frame chassis of the previous generation was replaced with an [[Vehicle frame#X-frame|X-frame]] to achieve a lower centre of gravity.<ref name=ToyCrownhist>{{cite web |url=https://mag.toyota.co.uk/history-of-the-toyota-crown/ |title=Toyota Crown – history of a living legend |first=Joe |last=Clifford |publisher=Toyota |location=UK |work=Toyota UK Magazine |date=2015-08-06 |access-date=2022-02-28}}</ref> The sedan and wagon were known simply as the Crown while the commercial vehicles (coupe utility, double cab coupe utility (pick ups), and van) were known as the '''Masterline'''. There was also a limited run of the sedan known as the Toyota Crown S (MS41S) which featured twin SU style carburettors on the 2.0L M in-line-six engine, sportier camshaft, sports instrumentation, sports suspension, four-speed floor shift, bucket seats, 14 inch wheels, disc brakes on the front and larger drum brakes in the rear.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> This Crown became the first Toyota to be exported to Europe, after the head of Denmark's Erla Auto Import A/S saw it at the Tokyo Motor Show. They brought in 190 of these subsequent to a May 1963 agreement.<ref name=Toy75hist>{{cite web |title=Item 4. Exports of Completely-built Vehicles |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/text/entering_the_automotive_business/chapter1/section5/item4.html |publisher=Toyota |work=75 years of TOYOTA |access-date=2013-01-22}}</ref> In Canada, it was introduced in November 1964 as one of the first Toyota models available in the country alongside the [[Toyota Publica (P10)|UP10 Publica]].<ref name=":75"/> In the US, the MS41L sedan was available in the US for {{USD|2305|year=1962|about=yes}} [[Port of entry|PoE]] while the MS46LG station wagon was available for {{USD|2525|year=1962|about=yes}} PoE. Some optional features include an automatic transmission for {{USD|160|year=1962|about=yes}} and a radio for {{USD|60|year=1962|about=yes}}. A two-door [[Toyota Crown Convertible|Crown Convertible]] was displayed at the 1963 [[Tokyo Motor Show]], based on the Crown 1900 sedan. It was not put into production. This Crown generation was the first to be assembled in Australia, from [[Complete knock down|CKD]] kits, by [[Australian Motor Industries|AMI]] in Port Melbourne, with significant local content. AMI, which assembled numerous brands including Triumph and, for a short time, Mercedes-Benz, was to become the basis of Toyota's current Australian manufacturing operation. {{gallery |width=200 |height=133 |file:Toyopet Crown S40 004.JPG|S40 Toyopet Crown Sedan |File:1966 Toyota Crown (MS47) station wagon (21142028621).jpg|S40 Toyopet Crown Wagon |File:Toyopet Crown Pickup 40 001.JPG|Toyopet Masterline coupe utility (pick up) |}} {{Clear}} === {{anchor|G10|VG10}} Crown Eight (G10) === {{Infobox automobile | name = Toyota Crown Eight (G10) | image = Toyota-CrownEight.jpg | assembly = Japan: [[Yokosuka]] ([[Kanto Auto Works]])<ref name=SHIOJI/> | production = April 1964 – July 1967 | body_style = 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] | layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | engine = 2.6L (2599cc) ''[[Toyota V engine|V]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] | transmission = 3-speed automatic column | wheelbase = {{convert|2750|mm|in||abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|4720|mm|in||abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1845|mm|in||abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1460|mm|in||abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1375|kg|lb||abbr=on}} | successor = [[Toyota Century]] }} The longer, wider and more upmarket '''Crown Eight''' was introduced in 1964 for the Japanese market, powered by a 2.6&nbsp;L V8 engine. However, it had a different model designation, G10 (VG10 when fitted by 2.6&nbsp;L ''V'' engine). The car was first introduced at the 1963 [[Tokyo Motor Show]] and introduced for sale on April 20, 1964, nine days before [[Emperor Showa]]'s birthday and the beginning of [[Golden Week (Japan)|Golden Week]] in Japan. The Crown Eight was developed and assembled by Toyota's subcontracting company [[Kanto Auto Works]]. Toyota delegated the production because the Crown Eight had many different components compared to the Crown, which could have hindered mass-production operations at the Motomachi plant as the Crown Eight's production volume was approximately 1,000 cars per year.<ref name=SHIOJI/> The Crown Eight was designed primarily to replace full-sized American automobiles that were commonly used by major corporations. The Crown Eight represents the first Japanese mass-produced vehicle with an 8-cylinder engine. The main rivals at the time were the [[Prince Gloria]] Super, [[Mitsubishi Debonair]], and [[Nissan Cedric#Cedric Special 50|Nissan Cedric Special]], all equipped with a six-cylinder engine. It was the first Crown to exceed [[Vehicle size class#Japan|vehicle size classification regulations]] in length, width and engine displacement capacity. The width at {{convert|1845|mm|in||abbr=on}} compares to the [[Toyota Century|Century]] at {{convert|1890|mm|in||abbr=on}}, and as such no Crown before or since, including the [[Toyota Crown Majesta|Crown Majesta]], has matched the width dimension of the Crown Eight until the year 2008 for Crown and 2009 for Majesta. The Crown Eight was considered as a possible submission for use by the Japanese [[Imperial Household Agency]] as a car to be used by senior members of the [[Imperial House of Japan]], but it lost out to the [[Nissan Prince Royal]]. The Crown Eight was replaced in 1967 by the first Century with the model code VG20. Approx 3,800 Crown Eights were produced. Some of the items that were exclusive to the Crown Eight were [[climate control]], [[automatic headlamp]]s, electrically powered windows, electric [[cruise control]], a three-speed "Toyoglide" automatic transmission, and electromagnetic door latches, which were also installed on the Crown Eight successor, the Century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gazoo.com/meishakan/meisha/pdf/777.pdf |title=World Celebrated Car File: 1964 Toyota Crown Eight |language=ja |publisher=Toyota |work=Gazoo.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308114531/http://gazoo.com/meishakan/meisha/pdf/777.pdf |archive-date=2007-03-08 }}</ref> {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S50}} Toyopet Crown – Third generation (S50; 1967) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Toyopet Crown – Third generation (S50) | aka = Toyota Crown | image = CrownS50.jpg | caption = Toyota Crown Super Deluxe (S50, Japan) | production = 1967–1971 | assembly = {{unbulleted list | Japan | Australia ([[Australian Motor Industries|AMI]]) <ref name=Murrell>{{cite web |url=http://www.ccar.com.au/html/articles/everyday_classic/guidemay05.html |first=Paul |last=Murrell |title=1976 Toyota Crown - Royal Flush |work=Australian Classic Car |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019145423/http://www.ccar.com.au/html/articles/everyday_classic/guidemay05.html |archive-date=2013-10-19}}</ref> }} | body_style = {{unbulleted list | 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] | 4-door [[station wagon]] | 2-door [[coupé]] | 2/4-door [[coupé utility]] }} | layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | engine = {{unbulleted list | 1,994&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota R engine#5R|5R]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]]<ref name="AR71"/> | 1,988&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#M|M]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]]<ref name="AR71"/> | 2,253&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#2M|2M]]'' I6<ref name="AR71"/> }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 3-speed manual (optional [[Overdrive (mechanics)|O/D]]) | 4-speed manual | 2-speed automatic | 3-speed automatic }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref name="AR71"/> | length = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|4665|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} sedan | {{convert|4585|mm|in||abbr=on}} hardtop | {{convert|4690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} wagon }} | width = {{convert|1690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1445|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} sedan | {{convert|1465|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} wagon }} | weight = {{convert|1305|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} sedan }} Launched in 1967, the mechanicals were much the same as the previous generation, but additional equipment was included. The X-frame chassis of the S40 series was now dropped in favour of a [[Vehicle frame#Perimeter frame|perimeter frame]] that improved collision protection for passengers; this chassis design would remain in use until 1999 when the S130-series wagons were superseded by the [[Vehicle frame#Unibody|unibody]] S170-series Estates.{{r|ToyCrownhist}} Higher specification models used the 2.0-liter M engine or the 2.3-liter 2M engine shared with the [[Toyota 2000GT]] sports coupe. A premium level Super Saloon joined the Super Deluxe model, and was available with the 2M engine including twin carburettors, electric windows, rear seat radio controls, air conditioning and luxury fabric on the seating including the Crown logo embossed into the vinyl. Lower specified models were equipped with the [[Toyota R engine|R-series]] four-cylinder engines. Crown vehicles meant for commercial use had received the '''Masterline''' nameplate until the introduction of this generation; they were now badged "Crown" as well. However, this generation was the last to be offered in an entire line of commercials - from the next generation on, the only commercial-use model available was the Crown Van, whose bodywork was also used for the Wagon models. Crown Double-Cab pickups were produced by the former Central Motor Co., Ltd. until December 1970.<ref name = "75 Years of Toyota, Toyota Motor East Japan"/> When the 1967 S50 series Crown was introduced to Japan, television commercials used Japanese actor [[Satoshi Yamamura]], who among his many roles on stage, movie, and television, portrayed [[Japanese Combined Fleet|Fleet Admiral]] [[Isoroku Yamamoto]] in the 1970s movie ''[[Tora! Tora! Tora!]]'' Yamamura would serve as the Crown spokesman for 16 years, introducing subsequent new generations of Crown products until 1983.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} [[File:Toyota Crown Super Saloon - Flickr - Moto@Club4AG (2).jpg|left|thumb|Toyota Crown Super Saloon]] The Crown range now included the four-door station wagon, pick-up (rare), double cab pick-up (very rare) and the new two-door [[Hardtop Coupe|hardtop]] "[[personal luxury car]]". In September 1968 the option of power steering was added.<ref name=SSB142>{{cite web | ref = Shashi | url = https://shashi.shibusawa.or.jp/details_nenpyo.php?sid=6680&query=&class=&d=all&page=142 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201025051008/https://shashi.shibusawa.or.jp/details_nenpyo.php?sid=6680&query=&class=&d=all&page=142 | archive-date = 2020-10-25 | publisher = Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation | work = Shibusawa Shashi Database | language = ja |script-title =ja:トヨタ自動車販売(株)『モータリゼーションとともに. 資料』(1970.11) | trans-title = Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. "With Motorization" document (1970.11) | page = 142 }}</ref> In 1969 the Crown received a facelift for the headlight, grill and trim arrangement. The Crown S used the two-liter 'six', but due to sportier tuning it produced more power than the larger 2M, {{convert|125|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5,800&nbsp;rpm versus {{convert|115|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5,200&nbsp;rpm.<ref name="AR71">{{cite book |title=Automobil Revue '71 |editor1-last=Braunschweig |editor1-first=Robert |publisher=Hallwag SA |pages=509–510 |location=Berne, Switzerland |volume=66 |date=March 11, 1971 |display-editors=etal}}</ref> The commercial versions were fitted with the six-cylinder "M" engine (M-C) produce {{convert|105|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}, while the four-cylinder 5R had to make do with {{convert|93|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="69comm">{{citation |title=Toyota Commercial Cars ''(Catalog)'' |publisher=Toyota |year=1969 |page=2}}</ref> This generation was the only one to use a double-hinged tailgate, as the next generation converted to an overhead-lifting hatchback door. Crowns that were equipped with the 2,253&nbsp;cc 2M engine were no longer classified as compact cars under Japanese [[Vehicle size class#Japan|vehicle size classification regulations]], even though the length and width were still in compliance. Toyota offered the larger engine so that buyers who were traditionally served by the Crown could now choose the all-new [[Toyota Corona Mark II#T60|Corona Mark II]] in 1968. This allowed Toyota to reposition the Crown as the top level privately available luxury sedan, with much nicer interior treatments, more spacious accommodations. This was the last generation for the pick-up versions of the Crown, as load carrying was ceded to the new [[Toyota Hilux (N10)|Toyota Hilux]] in February 1971. Australian market models were assembled in Australia by [[Australian Motor Industries]].<ref name=Murrell /> This generation was imported fully assembled into New Zealand from 1968 to 1971.{{citation needed|date=May 2011}} This generation was still sold in the United States; 1970 was the most successful year for the nameplate in the US with 6,528 being sold.<ref name=USA50/> Notable features on the Crown Wagon were: * 7- or 8-passenger seating (two on front buckets or three on a bench seat, three on a rear bench seat, and two on a fold up cargo seat), * a powered rear window, * a side swing tailgate. {{gallery |width=200 |height=150 |File:Toyota Crown Coupé (5946806942).jpg|Crown S50 Hardtop |file:S50Crownpickup.jpg|Crown S50 Utility Pick-up |file:Toyota Crown estate Lahti.JPG|Crown S50 Station Wagon |file:1969 Toyota Crown Custom wgn.jpg|1969 Custom Wagon, showing side hinged tailgate |file:Toyota crown double cabin 1969.jpg|1969 Crown Double Cabin |}} {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S60|S70}} Fourth generation (S60/S70; 1971) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Fourth generation (S60/S70) | image = 1973-1975 Toyota Crown (MS65) SE sedan (2015-12-07) 01.jpg | caption = 1973–1975 Toyota Crown SE sedan (MS65, Australia) | production = February 1971–September 1974<ref name="VIM">{{cite book | title=Toyota Vehicle Identification Manual| url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~stepho/crllaprd.htm| year=1984| publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation - Overseas Parts Department| location=Japan| id=Catalog No.97913-84}}</ref> | body_style = {{unbulleted list | 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] | 5-door [[station wagon]]/[[van]] | 2-door [[Hardtop Coupe|hardtop]] }} | layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | engine = {{unbulleted list | 1994&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota R engine#5R|5R]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]]<ref name="TAM74/75">{{cite book |title=Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 74/75 |publisher=Editoriale Domus S.p.A |year=1974 |language=it |page=846 |location=Milano}}</ref> (RS60/66V) | 1988&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#M|M]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]]<ref name="TAM74/75"/> (MS60/62/66V/70) | 2253&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#2M|2M]]'' I6 (MS64/67V) | 2563&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#4M|4M]]'' I6<ref name="TAM74/75"/> (MS65/68V/75) }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 3/4/5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]<ref name="TAM74/75"/> | 3-speed automatic }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|4680|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1420|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1290|-|1360|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} }} Launched in February 1971, the 4M 2600 engine was introduced with this generation, as was the luxurious '''Super Saloon''' trim level, followed by the Super Deluxe and Deluxe. The top-of-the-line '''Royal Saloon''' was first introduced in the facelifted Crown from 1973, adding luxury features from the [[Toyota Century|Century]] limousine. The 2.0-liter 5R [[inline-four engine]] and the 2.0-liter M [[Straight-six engine|six-cylinder]] engine were also available. As for the previous generation, the M-C engine (in Japanese specifications) has {{convert|105|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}}, while the 5R's output increased somewhat to {{convert|98|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Toy75th>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/history/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60004950B/index.html |script-title=ja:4代目 クラウン バン |trans-title=Fourth generation Crown Van |work=トヨタ自動車75年史 [75 years of Toyota history] |language=ja |publisher=Toyota }}</ref><ref name=toycomm>{{citation |script-title=ja:愛される車づくり。トヨタはあすにいどみます。|trans-title=Lovable car manufacture. Toyota dares to defy tomorrow. |language=ja |year=1972 |publisher=Toyota |page=1}}</ref> In some markets the previous 2.3-liter "2M" six remained available, in sedan or "utility wagon" forms. The Utility Wagon was a version halfway between commercial and passenger car, and had chassis codes MS67V until the early 1973 facelift when it was replaced by the MS68V with the 2.6 engine.<ref name=VIMp82>{{citation |title=Toyota Vehicle Identification Manual |publisher=Toyota |year=1979 |page=82 |id=97911-79 |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~stepho/manuals/Toyota/IdManualExport1979/p082Crown.jpg}}</ref> Previous generations of the Crown had been marketed under the Toyopet name but the fourth-generation model was the first version to be officially known worldwide as the Toyota Crown.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.toyota.co.uk/history-of-the-toyota-crown |title=History of the Toyota Crown |publisher=Toyota (GB) |date=2015-08-06 |access-date=2020-03-01}}</ref> The Sedan and Wagon (Custom) are coded RS60/MS60/MS64/MS65 and MS62/MS63, while the Van was coded MS66V with the two liter "six". The Hardtop Coupé is MS70 (2.0-liter), or MS75 (2.6-liter). The Japanese market Crown Custom (Wagon) was classified as a seven-seater.<ref name=toycomm/> This generation was the first Crown marketed as a Toyota in Japan, as previous models were marketed as Toyopets. Also, in Japan, this model was known as the "[[whale]]" or "kujira" Crown. In 1973, Japanese television commercials introduced Japanese actress [[Sayuri Yoshinaga]] as a co-spokeswoman, joining Satoshi Yamamura, and together they appeared in commercials until 1983.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} While the domestic market Hardtop has rectangular [[halogen]] headlights, all export models come with twin round headlights. This model achieved few sales in the US due to its high price when compared to competing domestic models, and possibly its styling with flush bumpers, called "[[wikt:fusiform|spindle-shaped]]" in period marketing.<ref>{{cite web|last=Niedermeyer|first=Paul|date=2020-10-13|title=Vintage R&T Review: 1972 Toyota Crown 2600 (S60) – There’s Some Very Good Reasons The Crown Failed In The US|url=https://www.curbsideclassic.com/vintage-reviews/vintage-rt-review-1972-toyota-crown-2600-s60-theres-some-very-good-reasons-the-crown-failed-in-the-us/|access-date=2022-09-07|website=Curbside Classic|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=Toy75th/> Only the first two years were imported to North America, where it was the last Crown to be sold until 2022. The [[Toyota Corona Mark II (X10)|Corona Mark II]] replaced the Crown in North America. The trunk could be opened remotely by turning the ignition key to the far left, and a button on the floor caused the radio to engage the signal seeking feature. A separate signal seeking feature was installed for rear seat passengers, installed behind the front seat facing the rear seat compartment. The 60-series Crown underwent a facelift in January 1973.<ref name=VIMp82/> Australian models were assembled in Australia by [[Australian Motor Industries|AMI]].{{citation needed|date=May 2011}} It was available in New Zealand fully imported from 1971 to 1973, with local assembly beginning at Steels Motor Assemblies, who also built the Corona, not long before the mid-life facelift, improving availability. Steels subsequently became Toyota NZ's Christchurch [[Complete knock down|CKD]] assembly plant.{{citation needed|date=May 2011}} <gallery widths="200" heights="134"> File:Toyota Crown Coupe S60 2563cc registered June 1972.JPG|2600 Super Saloon Coupe (pre-facelift; UK) File:1972 Toyota Crown MS60 Coupé.jpg|2600 Super Saloon Coupe (pre-facelift; US) File:1973 Toyota Crown MS60 Super Saloon.jpg|Super Saloon sedan (Japan) File:1973-1975 Toyota Crown (MS65) SE sedan (2015-12-07) 03.jpg|SE Sedan (facelift; Australia) File:Toyota Crown estate 2563cc registered August 1973.JPG|2600 Estate (facelift; UK) </gallery> {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S80|S90|S100}} Fifth generation (S80/S90/S100; 1974) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Fifth generation (S80/S90/S100) | image = 1978 Toyota Crown 2600 Saloon (7862592240).jpg | caption = 1978 Toyota Crown 2600 Deluxe (New Zealand) | production = Oct 1974–Aug 1979<ref name="VIM"/> | body_style = {{unbulleted list | 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] | 4-door [[Hardtop#pillarless|pillared hardtop sedan]] | 4-door [[station wagon]] | 2-door [[coupé]] }} | layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | engine = {{unbulleted list | 2.0 L ''[[Toyota R engine#5R|5R]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]] | 2.0 L ''[[Toyota M engine#M|M]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]] | 2.6 L ''[[Toyota M engine#4M|4M]]'' I6 | 2.2 L ''[[Toyota L engine#L|L]]'' diesel I4 }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 4/5-speed manual | 3/4-speed automatic }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|4765|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (Royal Saloon) | {{convert|4690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} }} | width = {{convert|1690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1440|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1470|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} }} Launched in 1974 in Japan, export began from 1975. It was offered as four-door sedan, two-door hardtop coupe, four-door hardtop sedan, wagon, and van. Engines are 2.0- and 2.6-liter gasoline. The 2.2-liter diesel was introduced in October 1977.<ref name=Catvol25>{{cite book |ref=JAMA25 |title=自動車ガイドブック [Japanese Motor Vehicles Guide Book] |language=ja |volume=25 |date=1978-10-10 |publisher=[[Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association]] |location=Japan |page=109 |id=0053-780025-3400}}</ref> Trim levels are Standard, Deluxe, Super Saloon, and Royal Saloon. [[File:1976 Toyota Crown Super Deluxe rear.jpg|thumb|left|Toyota Crown Super Deluxe in Japan.]] The Royal Saloon came in a longer body length, coupled with the 2.6L engine while lower trim levels were in the shorter body style and 2.0 L engines. Export models used the same body whether the two-liter 5R four-cylinder or the 2.6-liter 4M inline-six. In Europe, these models claimed {{convert|87|and|112|PS|0|abbr=on}} respectively.<ref name=Moniteur>{{cite magazine |ref=PdL |magazine=Le Moniteur de l'Automobile |page=65 |title=La cote officielle de voitures des l'occasion |trans-title=Official used car prices |editor-last=Visart |editor-first=Etienne |location=Brussels, Belgium |language=fr |volume=33 |number=770 |date=1983-06-02 |publisher=Editions Auto-Magazine}}</ref> Minor change was given in 1978. This version of the Crown saw the introduction of disc brakes at both the front and rear axles with anti-lock brakes, speed sensitive power steering, and a 4-speed automatic transmission with overdrive. Originally, sedans and wagons had S80-series chassis numbers, while the two- and four-door hardtops received the S90-series chassis numbers. After 1976 and concurrent with the introduction of new stricter emissions regulations, all Japanese market Crowns used S100-series chassis numbers. Export models continued to use the previous codes.<ref name=Hajek1>{{cite web |title=Toyota Crown S8/S9/S10 |url=http://www.toyotaoldies.de/gals8.html |website=Toyotaoldies.de |last=Hajek |first=Alexander |access-date=2013-08-24}}</ref> Initially available with the "old style" 4M engine with rounded valve cover, later models switched to the new 4M engine with rectangular valve cover. This generation also saw the introduction of fuel injection on both the 2.6-liter 4M and the 2.0-liter M engines, coupled with Toyota's [[Toyota TTC|TTC-C]] technology, adding a [[catalytic converter]] to the exhaust system. The emissions controlling technology badge helped identify which vehicles had reduced emissions tax liability. Select models also were available with four-wheel disc brakes and twin piston calipers on the front brakes. The models installed with the diesel engine was exclusive to ''Toyota Diesel Store'' locations. The Hardtop Sedan model has a front chrome grill and square headlights, but was no longer considered a true hardtop, due to the inclusion of a [[pillar (car)|"B" pillar]]. The styling differences between the hardtop and sedan four-door models was that the side windows on the hardtop were frameless, and the rear window was sloped more than the formal appearing sedan. This series Crown in the Royal Saloon trim package exceeded length regulations of 4.7 m set forth by [[Vehicle size class#Japan|Japanese regulations]] by 65&nbsp;mm, but Toyota continued to offer a 2.0 L engine in a shorter vehicle for buyers who were looking for better fuel economy over the larger six-cylinder engines, and reduced [[Road tax#Japan|road tax]] liability. New Zealand models were assembled in New Zealand but on an [[Semi Knocked Down|SKD]] basis - which meant it had more Japanese content (such as glass) than earlier [[Complete knock down|CKD]] versions. It was the last Crown built in New Zealand and was replaced in 1979 by the [[Toyota Cressida|Cressida]] (Mark II), which was available with a four-cylinder engine. The oil crises of 1973/4 and 1979/80 had led the government to impose a 60 percent sales tax on larger engines, and the Crown could no longer be priced to suit its market.{{citation needed|date=May 2011}} This generation Crown was imported fully built-up to Australia, and only available with the largest 2.6-liter six-cylinder engine. It was never a strong seller in Australia, offering less performance and roadholding than the domestic competitors from Ford and Holden.<ref name=Whatcar>{{Citation | title = What car is that? : in Australia & New Zealand | editor-last=Boyce | editor-first=David | ref = DB1 | year=1981 | publisher=Rigby | location=Adelaide, Australia | page = 176 | isbn=0727014803 }}</ref> {{gallery |width=200 |height=150 |File:Toyota Crown S80 ca 1978 Schaffen-Diest 2012.jpg|S80 series Crown Sedan |File:5th generation Toyota Crown.jpg|S80 series Crown Hardtop Super Saloon |File:Fifth generation Toyota Crown coupe -1-.jpg|S90 series Crown coupé |File:Toyota Crown S80 002.JPG|S80 series Crown station wagon |}} {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S110}} Sixth generation (S110; 1979) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Sixth generation (S110) | image = 110 crown supersaloon.jpg | production = 1979–1983 | body_style = {{unbulleted list | 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] | 4-door [[Hardtop#pillarless|hardtop sedan]] | 4-door [[station wagon]] | 2-door [[coupé]]}} | layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | engine = {{unbulleted list | 1994&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota R engine#5R|5R-U]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]] | 1988&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#M-E|M-E]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]] | 1988&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#M|M-PU]]'' [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] I6 | 1988&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#M-TEU|M-TEU]]'' turbo I6 | 1988&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-EU|1G-EU]]'' I6 | 2563&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#4M|4M]]'' I6 | 2759&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#5M|5M, E/GE]]'' I6 | 2188&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota L engine#L|L]]'' diesel I4 (LS110/117V) | 2446&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota L engine#2L-T|2L-T/TE]]'' [[Turbodiesel|TD]] I4 (LS111) }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 3/4-speed automatic | 3/4/5-speed manual }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|4860|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (Royal Saloon) | {{convert|4690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} }} | width = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1715|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (Royal Saloon) | {{convert|1690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} }} | height = {{convert|1410|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1500|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} }} Launched in 1979, this model had the engine upgraded from the 2.6&nbsp;L to 2.8&nbsp;L 5M-EU model. The 2-liter M was still on offer along with a [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] version – the M-TEU. The carburated 5M engine was also available in certain markets. In this series the model designation referred to the engine size – MS110 (2-liter), MS111 (2.6-liter), MS112 (2.8-liter). This was the last generation to install a four-cylinder, gasoline-powered engine. This model was the first generation Crown to be sold in Germany, beginning in 1980.<ref name=Hajek1/> The fuel injected 2.8 developed {{convert|145|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} in European trim, while the 2.2 diesel offered {{convert|66|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} and a choice of five-speed manual or an automatic (not in the Station Wagon).<ref name=AG109>{{cite magazine |ref=AG109 |magazine=De AutoGids |number=109 |volume=4 |page=12 |title=Referendum van de eigenaars: Toyota Crown Diesel |trans-title=Owner referendum |last=Renaux |first=Jean-Jacques |language=nl-be |date=1983-11-24 |publisher=Uitgeverij Auto-Magazine |location=Brussels, Belgium }}</ref> European sales started out at a respectable level, but with prices increasing at an alarming rate due to the appreciation of the yen, sales had dropped drastically by 1982.<ref name=AGp13>[[#AG109|Renaux]], p. 13</ref> Early models have twin rectangular headlights, while facelift models come with bigger monoblock headlights. Domestic market Royal Saloons use the large rectangular headlights. Lower grades Van and Taxi models adopted round headlights. Royal Saloon features longer bumpers and bigger engines, which were placed in a larger [[Road tax#Japan|road tax]] classification according to Japanese government [[Vehicle size class#Japan|dimension regulations]]. The first Crown '''Turbo''' was launched in October 1980 for Japanese market only. Offering the 2.0 L engines was for buyers who didn't want to pay the large car tax, while offering better fuel economy than the larger engines. The turbo also provided a benefit in increasing fuel efficiency while reducing tailpipe emissions as Japanese consumers pay a tax on the amount of regulated substances being sent into the atmosphere from a Japanese law passed in the 1970s. In some export markets, such as Southeast Asia, the larger six-cylinder engines came fitted with carburettors. In those specs, the 2.6 offered {{convert|110|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} SAE net while the 2.8 claimed {{convert|128|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} DIN or 120 SAE net.<ref>{{cite magazine | magazine = Andalan | title = Perubahan-perubahan Toyota Crown, dari MS. 111 ke MS. 112 | trans-title = Toyota Crown changes, from MS 111 to MS 112 | language = id | date = June 1981 | volume = I | number = 3 | pages = 6–7 | publisher = PT New Ratna Motor }}</ref> Sales in Indonesia were low and this generation was not replaced there in 1984, when the 120-series Crown appeared.<ref name=motor80>{{cite magazine | magazine = Motor80 | language = id | title = Loncatan Kijang | trans-title = Kijang climbs | page = 58 | volume = IV | number = 1 | date = 1984-01-01 | publisher = PT Blora Mulya | last = B.J. | first = Zulkifli }}</ref> This generation is the last for the two-door hardtop coupé bodystyle, which was replaced by the [[Toyota Soarer|Soarer]]. Reflecting a popular styling appearance during the 1970s, the coupé was fitted with a padded vinyl roof and "[[opera window]]s" for a luxurious appearance. Some of the options that became available were an [[Magnetometer|Electronic compass]], glass [[moon roof]], power drivers seat, cruise control, electronic stereo tuner, and two-tone paint. [[Automatic climate control]] also appeared on this vehicle with separate controls installed for rear seat passengers as well as a rear-mounted mini [[refrigerator|fridge]] cooled by the separate rear seat air conditioning unit. The 2.4-liter turbo diesel appeared in August 1982. {{gallery | width = 200 | height = 150 |File:Toyota CROWN SEDAN Standard (S110).jpg|Crown Sedan 2.0 Standard (Taxi, Japan) |File:ToyotaCrownGS110Coupe.JPG|S110 series Crown hardtop coupé |File:S110Crownsupersaloon.jpg|S110 series Crown 4-door hardtop Super Saloon |File:6th generation Toyota Crown Wagon rear.jpg|S110 Crown Station Wagon |File:MS112 Crown Inetrior.jpg|MS112 Crown Interior }} {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S120}} Seventh generation (S120; 1983) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Seventh generation (S120) | image = S120 CROWN SD 1.jpg | caption = Toyota Crown Royal Saloon (S120, Japan) | production = 1983–1987 | body_style = {{unbulleted list | 4-door [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] | 4-door [[Hardtop Coupe|hardtop]] | 4-door [[station wagon]] }} | layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | engine = {{unbulleted list | 2.0L ''[[Toyota Y engine#3Y|3Y/3Y-PU]]'' [[OHV]] [[Straight-four engine|I4]] (YS120) | 2.0L ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GE|1G-E]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]] (GS120/126V) | 2.0L ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GE|1G-GE]]'' [[DOHC]] I6 (GS121) | 2.0L ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GZE|1G-GZE]]'' DOHC [[Supercharger|S/C]] I6 (GS121) | 2.0L ''[[Toyota M engine#M-E|M-E]]/[[Toyota M engine#M-PU|M-PU]]'' I6 (MS120) | 2.0L ''[[Toyota M engine#M-TE|M-TE]]'' [[Turbocharger|turbo]] I6 (MS120) | 2.8L ''[[Toyota M engine#5M|5M]]/[[Toyota M engine#5M-E|5M-E]]'' I6 (MS122) | 2.8L ''[[Toyota M engine#5M-GE|5M-GE]]'' DOHC I6 (MS123) | 3.0L ''[[Toyota M engine#6M-GE|6M-GEU]]'' DOHC I6 (MS125) | 2.4L ''[[Toyota L engine#2L|2L]]'' [[Diesel engine|diesel]] I4 (LS120/126V) | 2.4L ''[[Toyota L engine#2L-TE|2L-T/TE/THE]]'' [[turbodiesel]] I4 (LS120) }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2720|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|4860|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (Royal Saloon) | {{convert|4690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} }} | width = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1720|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (Royal Saloon) | {{convert|1695|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} }} | height = {{convert|1400|-|1515|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1410|-|1875|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} }} Launched in 1983, this model used all three versions of the 5M 2.8L engine: the carburetted 5M version, the [[single overhead cam]] (SOHC) multi-point fuel-injected 5M-E version, and the [[double overhead cam]] (DOHC) 5M-GE. Other engines included the 1G-GE 2.0L DOHC, M-TE 2.0L [[single overhead cam]] (SOHC) Turbo, M-E 2.0L SOHC, 2L-TE 2.4L SOHC Turbo Diesel Ceramics Power or 2.4L SOHC Diesel Ceramics Power engines. All 2.0 L engines were installed with [[T-VIS]] (Toyota Variable Induction System). In September 1985, a supercharged version of the 2-liter G-series six replaced the turbocharged M-series. Base versions use the new 2-liter 1G-E engine which replaced the old 2-liter version of the M series. The Japanese market "van" version of the station wagon (the GS126V as well as the GS136V in the following series) used its own unique variant of this motor which took advantage of laxer emissions standards for commercial vehicles (the 1G-EJ). In Japan, taxi and commercial versions were also available with an LPG-powered four-cylinder engine (the 3Y) which was even offered with a three-speed, [[Gear stick|column-shifted]] manual. A gasoline-fueled version of this engine was available in some European and "general" export markets. {{Multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | width = 220 | image1 = Toyota-CrownS120Standard.JPG | caption1 = Toyota Crown Standard sedan with round headlights | image2 = S120 CROWN HT 2.jpg | caption2 = S120 series Crown hardtop Super Saloon Extra | image3 = 1984 Toyota Crown Royal Saloon 2.8i, rear left (Aus).jpg | caption3 = Rear of a 1984 Crown Royal Saloon 2.8i (Australia) }} The lower-grade models were available with Toyota's F292 live axle rear suspension while the rest introduced 4-wheel independent suspension branded as PEGASUS (Precision Engineered Geometrically Advanced Suspension) on the Crown for the first time, with [[Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension|TEMS]] installed on the Royal Saloon sedan and hardtops, coupled with Toyota's ECT electronically controlled four-speed automatic transmission, and 4ESC anti-lock brakes. The S120 was available in Hardtop sedan (frameless door glass), sedan and wagon versions but in two different exterior dimensions for length and width, with the Royal Saloon hardtop and sedan only offered in the larger body. The top-trim package was called the Royal Saloon, followed by Super Saloon Extra, Super Select for hardtop bodystyles, followed by the Royal Saloon sedan, Super Saloon Extra sedan, and the wagon came only as Super Saloon Extra. The Super Saloon Extra and Royal Saloon versions were packed with features such as dual-zone climate control, AM/FM cassette stereo with six acoustically matched speakers, combined with a separate rear cassette stereo with headphones, with dashboard-installed integrated CD player, and separate A/C and stereo control buttons installed in the rear armrest, parcel shelf mounted refrigerator, [[automatic headlight]]s, reading lamps for all outboard seating positions, electrically adjusted tilt and telescoping steering column combined with a steering wheel and seat memory feature, glovebox mounted courtesy mirror among many things, while the slightly lower trim package Super Select was more modestly equipped. One distinctive styling feature of this generation was the use of a clear panel with patterned backing for the C-pillar trim on the sedans. For the Japanese market only, Toyota made the {{convert|190|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} Twincam 12-valve 3.0-liter 6M-GE available on the Royal Saloon for the mid-cycle update. This engine is a popular swap for 5M-GE powered [[Toyota Supra (A60)|Supras]] and [[Toyota Cressida (X70)|Cressidas]] of the same period. This was the last generation Crown to be commonly available in European markets. The fuel injected 2.8-liter engine in European trim produces {{convert|170|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5600&nbsp;rpm and had identical specifications to the Supra sold there at the time.<ref name=TM585>{{cite magazine | magazine = Tekniikan Maailma | ref = TM | date = 1985-03-19 | number = 5/85 | volume = 41 | issn = 0355-4287 | title = Autotieto 1985 | trans-title = Car specifications 1985 | last = Kurki-Suonio | first = Hannu | publisher = TM-Julkaisu | location = Helsinki | language = fi | page = Automaailma 40 }}</ref> Swiss buyers, however, had to make do with the single-cam {{convert|140|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} ''5M-E'' engine due to their particular emissions restrictions.<ref name="AR85">{{citation | title = Automobil Revue 1985 | ref = AR85 | editor-last = Büschi | editor-first = Hans-Ulrich | publisher = Hallwag, AG | language = de, fr | page = 496 | location = Berne, Switzerland | volume = 80 | date = 7 March 1985 | isbn = 3-444-06081-5 }}</ref> For general export markets such as Southeast Asia and the [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC countries]], the carburetted ''5M'' engine was also available. This version produces {{convert|128|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5000&nbsp;rpm and was even available with a four-speed manual transmission.<ref name="AR86">{{citation | ref = AR86 | title = Automobil Revue 1986 | editor-last = Büschi | editor-first = Hans-Ulrich | publisher = Hallwag AG | location = Berne, Switzerland | language = de, fr | page = 547 | volume = 81 | date = 6 March 1986 | isbn = 3-444-00450-8 }}</ref> For the even more frugal buyer, the carburetted [[OHV]] ''[[Toyota Y engine#3Y|3Y]]'' engine with {{convert|88|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 4600&nbsp;rpm was also on offer.<ref>[[#AR86|''Automobil Revue 1986'']], p. 546</ref> {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S130}} Eighth generation (S130; 1987) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Eighth generation (S130) | image = CrownGS131SuperSaloon.jpg | caption = Pre-facelift Toyota Crown 2.0i Super Saloon (GS131, Indonesia) | production = {{unbulleted list | 1987–1991 ([[Hardtop Coupe|hardtop]]) | 1987–2000 ([[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]]) | 1987–1999 ([[station wagon|wagon]]/[[Light commercial vehicle|commercial van]]) }} | aka = Saibeijian Crown (China)<br />[[Great Wall Motors|Great Wall]] CC1020S (China)<ref name="GWH">{{cite web|url=http://chinacarhistory.com/2017/12/18/about-the-cars-made-by-great-wall-a-history-before-their-official-history/|title=About the cars made by Great Wall: a history before their official history.|date=18 December 2017}}</ref> <!-- | DUPLICATE-production = 1983–1987<br />1990–1998 (China) no such infobox parameter--> | body_style = {{unbulleted list | 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] | 4-door [[Hardtop Coupe|hardtop]] | 5-door [[station wagon]]/[[van]] }} | layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | engine = {{unbulleted list | '''[[Petrol engine|Gasoline]]:''' | 1988&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-E|1G-E]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]] (GS130/131/136V) | 1988&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-FE|1G-FE]]'' I6 (GS130/131/136V) | 1988&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GE|1G-GE]]'' I6 (GS131) | 1988&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GZE|1G-GZE]]'' [[supercharger]] I6 (GS130G/131) | 2237&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota Y engine#4Y|4Y]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]] (YS132) | 2492&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota JZ engine#1JZ-GE|1JZ-GE]]'' I6 (JZS130G/131) | 2759&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#5M|5M]]'' I6 (MS132) | 2759&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#5M|5M-E]]'' I6 (MS133) | 2954&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#7M-GE|7M-GE]]'' I6 (MS135/137) | 2997&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|2JZ-GE]]'' I6 (JZS133/135) | 3968&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota UZ engine#1UZ-FE|1UZ-FE]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] (UZS131) | '''[[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]]''' | 1998&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota Y engine#3Y-P|3Y-P]]/[[Toyota Y engine#3Y-PE|PE]]'' I4 (YS130) | 1988&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota M engine#M|M-P]]'' I6 (MS130) | 1988&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GP|1G-GP]]'' I6 (GS130) | '''[[Diesel engine|Diesel]]''' | 2446&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota L engine#2L|2L]]'' I4 (LS130/136V) | 2446&nbsp;cc ''[[Toyota L engine#2L-T|2L-T]]/[[Toyota L engine#2L-TE|TE]]/[[Toyota L engine#2L-THE|THE]]'' [[turbodiesel]] I4 (LS130/131) }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 4-speed manual | 5-speed manual | 4-speed automatic }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2730|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{ubl | {{convert|4690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (narrow-body) | {{convert|4800|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (wide-body) | {{convert|4860|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (Royal Saloon G) }} | width = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1695|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (narrow-body) | {{convert|1720-1750|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (wide-body) }} | height = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1400-1450|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (sedan/hardtop) | {{convert|1515-1550|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (wagon/van)}} | weight = {{convert|1330-1690|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} }} Launched in 1987. Body style: sedan, hardtop and wagon, including a van model for commercial uses. This model used the 7M-GE 3000 cc DOHC, 1G-GZE 2000 cc DOHC [[supercharger]], 1G-GE 2000 cc DOHC, 1G-E 2000 cc, 2L-THE 2400 cc SOHC Turbo Diesel Hi-Power (automatics), 2L-TE 2400 cc SOHC Turbo Diesel (with manual transmission) or 2L 2400 cc SOHC naturally aspirated diesel engine. The 4.0-liter 1UZ-FE, the same engine as in [[Lexus LS400]], later became available in the Royal Saloon G, which became the [[Toyota Crown Majesta]] with the next generation Crown. The [[air suspension]]-equipped Royal Saloon G was also available with the 3-liter inline-six engines. Due to the different suspension, the Royal Saloon G carries a different model code (MS137 versus MS135 for the coil sprung models). The better equipped models receive an independent [[Trailing-arm suspension#Semi-trailing arm|semi-trailing arm]] rear suspension, while the simpler versions (including all wagons and vans) have [[Beam axle|live rear axles]] located by [[Trailing-arm suspension#Trailing-arm|trailing links]]. These versions receive different chassis numbers (GS130 versus GS131, for instance). In 1988, it became the first Toyota available with an airbag.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Although a totally different chassis and body, the S130 shares styling cues with the [[Toyota Cressida#Fourth generation (1989–1992)|X80 Cressida]]. In 1989, the top level Royal Saloon G introduced world's first [[CD-ROM]]-based [[automotive navigation system]],<ref name="toyota-global.com"/> with color CRT display.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.favcars.com/toyota-crown-royal-saloon-g-3-0-hardtop-ms137-1987-91-images-186105.htm |title=Toyota Crown Royal 1987 |website=favcars.com/ |access-date=2015-01-19}}</ref> Also, TRC [[traction control]] and electronically controlled shock absorbers called [[Toyota TEMS|TEMS]] (shared with the first generation [[Toyota Soarer]]) were adopted. This Crown was sold only in Japan, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and select Asian markets. Some export markets received the older 2.8 liter SOHC inline-six, either carburetted or fuel injected. For general countries, only with left-hand drive and a four-speed manual transmission, the 2.2-liter inline-four 4Y engine was also available.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://toyota-general.epc-data.com/crown/ys132l/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170731205806/http://toyota-general.epc-data.com/crown/ys132l/ | archive-date = 2017-07-31 | title = Spare parts for YS132L frame Crown | work = Japanese cars online catalogs }}</ref> In September 1988, a narrow-angle twin-cam version of the two-liter inline-six engine (the 1G-FE) replaced the two-valve 1G-E in most applications, although the lower cost model continued to be available in commercial models until September 1989. In August 1989, the Crown received a light facelift, with more aerodynamic design front and rear, incorporating new bumpers. This was also when the 4-liter V8-engined Royal Saloon G was introduced, using the same engine which was to appear in the Lexus LS400 within a month. The LPG-powered M engine was replaced with the more powerful 1G-GP version at the same time, while the four-cylinder 3Y engine received fuel injection. In August 1990, a version of the supercharged 2.0 model fitted with the bigger body of the 3.0 was added to the lineup (GS131H). This car was placed in a much higher tax bracket than the narrower-bodied versions. Such cars have different license plates than more compact cars and are therefore considered prestigious, if expensive. This was also when the new 2.5-liter 1JZ-GE engine was introduced as the 2500 Royal Saloon, available as a Sedan, Hardtop, or Wagon, replacing the earlier 2-liter Royal Saloon model. A few LPG-powered models were also available for commercial uses, using two-liter engines with either four or six cylinders.<ref name="gooLS130">{{cite web | work = Used Car Catalog | title = 型式_Y-LS130｜クラウン(トヨタ)の総合情報 | trans-title = Comprehensive data, Toyota Crown Y-LS130 | url= https://www.goo-net.com/car/TOYOTA/CROWN/Y-LS130.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171221025729/https://www.goo-net.com/car/TOYOTA/CROWN/Y-LS130.html | language = ja | publisher=Goo-net | archive-date= 2017-12-21 }}</ref> In October 1991, a large-bodied variant of the turbodiesel sedan was presented. Station wagons were considered separate from the commercial van models in Japan. They were originally equipped with the 2-liter 1G-FE six, or as a supercharged "Royal Saloon" wagon. The 2.4 turbodiesel was also available. As of August 1990, the 2.5-liter 1JZ-FE was also made available in the station wagon lineup. <gallery widths="200" heights="113"> File:S130 Toyota Crown Hardtop 1.jpg|Toyota Crown Hardtop Royal Saloon (Japan) File:S130 Toyota Crown Hardtop 2.jpg|Toyota Crown Hardtop Royal Saloon (Japan) File:Toyota Crown S130 Hardtop.jpg|Toyota Crown Hardtop Royal Saloon G V8 (UZ131, Japan) File:Toyota Crown S130 Hardtop rear.jpg|Toyota Crown Hardtop Royal Saloon G V8 (UZ131, Japan) File:Toyota Crown Royal Saloon (front), Gianyar, April 2014.jpg|Toyota Crown Sedan 2.0i Royal Saloon (Indonesia) File:Toyota Crown Royal Saloon (rear), Gianyar, April 2014.jpg|Toyota Crown Sedan 2.0i Royal Saloon (Indonesia) File:1991 Crown JZS131 (cropped).jpg|Crown Royal Saloon Hardtop (1991 JZS131) </gallery> === Facelift (1991–1999) === In August 1991, when the Crown hardtop was redesigned and became the S140 series, the Crown sedan and wagon and van were also restyled but retained the S130 model code. At this point the 1JZ-GE and 2JZ-GE engines replaced the M-series in-line-six engines for the Crown lineup, as well as some of the supercharged G-series models. The Standard Sedan for Taxi and base model Wagon feature round headlights and chrome bumpers. The taxi is powered by 2.4-liter diesel engine matched to 4-speed column-mounted manual transmission. In Hong Kong and Singapore, the Crown Sedan with the diesel engine was the most common vehicle used as taxis. The Crown Royal Saloon, meanwhile, was an exclusive car. In October 1991, the supercharged model was discontinued. In December 1995, the sales of sedan model was stopped for the Japanese market.<ref name=s130facelift>{{cite web |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60005480A/index.html|title=Crown |access-date=1 December 2020 |website=75 years of TOYOTA}}</ref> In September 1996, the 1JZ-GE 2.5-liter engine received [[VVT-i]], which led to the power jumping from {{convert|180|to|200|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}. The sales of the wagon and van were stopped in December 1999.<ref name=s130facelift/> In 1993, Great Wall made unlicensed clones of the S130 under the name CC1020S.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2021/09/19/the-big-read-story-of-great-wall-motor-part-1/|title = The Big Read: Story of Great Wall Motor (Part 1)|date = 19 September 2021}}</ref> Great Wall also made a station wagon variant, known as CC6470, and a crew cab version which was known as CC1020S.<ref name="GWH"/> A version with stretched station wagon bodywork set on the [[Beijing BJ212|BJ212 "Jeep"]] chassis was also offered.<ref name="GWH"/> <gallery widths="200" heights="140"> File:Crowntaxi.jpg|Facelift model Crown Sedan Diesel for Taxi (YS130) with round headlights. File:Toyota Crown JGSDF MP.JPG|Toyota Crown Deluxe used by [[Japan Ground Self-Defense Force|JGSDF]] File:Toyota Crown Royal Saloon (front), Karangasem.jpg|Toyota Crown Royal Saloon (JZS133, Indonesia), 3 stripes grill. File:Toyota Crown Royal Saloon (rear), Karangasem.jpg|Toyota Crown 3.0 Royal Saloon (JZS133, Indonesia) File:1993-1995 Toyota Crown Sedan 3 No.jpg|Toyota Crown Royal Saloon (Japan), 4 stripes grill. File:1993-1995 Toyota Crown Sedan 3 No rear.jpg|Toyota Crown Royal Saloon (Japan) File:1995 Toyota Crown sedan (black).jpg|Toyota Crown sedan (China), 5 stripes grill. File:S130Toyota Crown Wagon.JPG|Toyota Crown Royal Saloon wagon (Japan) File:S130Toyota Crown Wagon Rear.JPG|Toyota Crown Royal Saloon wagon (Japan) File:Toyota Crown Van.jpg|Toyota Crown Van Super Deluxe (Japan) </gallery> === Indonesian assembly (1989–2000) === This generation marked the return of the Crown to Indonesia in 1989, where it had not been sold regularly since 1984 when it was replaced by [[Toyota Mark II (X70)|GX71 Cressida]].<ref name=s130id/><ref name=s130id2/> This car was assembled locally by [[Toyota Astra Motor]]. It was originally sold with the two-liter ''1G-FE'' inline-six engine (GS131). Two trim levels were available, 2.0i Super Saloon with 5-speed manual transmission and 2.0i Royal Saloon with 4-speed automatic transmission. It received major facelift in 1992 and continued to be built after 1995 when the sedan was replaced in Japan. Also in 1995, The 2.0 was replaced with a ''2JZ-GE'' 3-liter engine.<ref name=s130id2>{{cite web|url=http://bengkelspecialisttoyotacrown.com/sejarah-toyota-crown/|title=Sejarah Toyota Crown (di Indonesia)|trans-title=The History of Toyota Crown (in Indonesia)|language=id|access-date=1 December 2020|website=bengkelspecialisttoyotacrown.com}}</ref> Unique for Indonesia, the Crown 3.0 Super Saloon trim was combined with a 5-speed manual transmission,<ref name=s130id>{{cite web|url=https://www.mobilmotorlama.com/2017/02/toyota-crown-robot-lexus-gs130-ms130.html?m=1|title=Toyota Crown Robot S130|first=Charis|last=Alfan|date=18 February 2017|access-date=1 December 2020|language=id|website=www.mobilmotorlama.com}}</ref> while the more expensive 3.0 Royal Saloon was available with a 4-speed automatic transmission. The production of S130 Crown in Indonesia was stopped in 2000.<ref name=s130id/> === Saibeijian Crown === While the S130 Crown was officially sold by Toyota in China, there was also a rebadged S130 Crown sold as Saibeijian Crown by Datong Saibeijian Auto Works at the same time. This brand also rebadged numerous cars such as [[Toyota Previa (XR10)|Toyota Previa]], [[Honda Accord#CD|Honda Accord]], [[Nissan Sunny#B14|Nissan Sunny]] and [[Honda Odyssey (North America)#first|Honda Odyssey]].<ref name=SBJ1>{{cite web|url=https://chinacarhistory.com/2018/02/05/crazy-car-production-days-of-guangdong-datong-saibeijian-auto-works/|title=Crazy Car Production Days of Guangdong: Datong Saibeijian Auto Works|date=5 February 2018|access-date=1 December 2020|website=chinacarhistory.com}}</ref> [[Automotive industry in China#1980 to 1990|In the early 1980s]], the numbers of imported cars in China increased dramatically, despite the high import tax. China's consumer spending was getting out of the control and created a severe trade deficit. Customs duties on imported goods were raised in March 1985 and a new "regulatory tax" was added a few months later. By the fall of 1985, a two-year moratorium on nearly all vehicle imports was imposed.<ref name=BJ151>{{citation | title = Beijing Jeep: A Case Study of Western Business in China | last = Mann | first = Jim | publisher = Westview Press | location = Boulder, CO | isbn = 0-8133-3327-X | pages = [https://archive.org/details/beijingjeepcases00mann/page/151 151–152] | year = 1997 | orig-year = 1989 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/beijingjeepcases00mann/page/151 }}</ref> While limiting imports, China also tried to increase local production by boosting the various existing joint-venture passenger car production agreements, as well as adding new ones. But the unclear definition of "car production in China" at that time, inspired the local entrepreneurs to use this [[loophole]].<ref name=SBJ2/> These rebadged cars were actually fully imported cars from Japan and then were shipped to [[Hong Kong]] but without tires, mirrors and door handles to be classified as "car parts" and avoiding 60-80% import tax.<ref name=SBJ2>{{cite web|url=https://chinacarhistory.com/2018/02/04/crazy-car-production-days-of-guangdong-introduction/|title=Crazy Car Production Days of Guangdong: Introduction|date=4 February 2018|access-date=1 December 2020|website=chinacarhistory.com}}</ref> The remaining parts were also shipped from Japan to Hong Kong and was assembled as a full car at [[Guangdong]].<ref name=SBJ2/> But to be able to sell these cars, this Guangdong-based company need a government approved local automobile brand. The company then made a business deal with [[Shanxi]]-based small bus manufacturer, Datong Saibeijian Auto Works, to use their licensed brand for selling these cars and one of them was the Saibeijian Crown.<ref name=SBJ2/> This was barely concealed [[smuggling]]. This made both the real joint ventures that invested so much money and the Chinese government that lost their income from the import tax unhappy. This led the government arresting more than 200 government, customs and law enforcement officials on the southern Guangdong area around [[Zhanjiang]] on September 8, 1998. This affair was known as "9898 smuggling case", the largest mainland smuggling racket of the last 50 years. The state's lost revenue was estimated around ¥30 billion from the illegal import of thousands of tonnes of crude oil, steel, cars and other manufactured goods.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://amp.scmp.com/article/292259/zhanjiang-buries-ghost-scandal|title=Zhanjiang buries ghost of scandal|work=South China Morning Post|date=31 August 1999|access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref> {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S140}} Ninth generation (S140; 1991) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Ninth generation (S140) | image = 1993 Crown Royal Touring S140 (cropped).jpg | production = 1991–1995 | body_style = 4-door [[Hardtop Coupe|hardtop]] | layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | related = {{unbulleted list | [[Toyota Crown Majesta (S140)]] | [[Lexus GS (S140)]] }} | engine = {{ubl | '''[[Petrol engine|Gasoline]]:''' | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-FE|1G-FE]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]] (GS141) | 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota JZ engine#1JZ-GE|1JZ-GE]]'' I6 (JZS141) | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|2JZ-GE]]'' I6 (JZS143/145) | '''[[Diesel engine|Diesel]]:''' | 2.4&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota L engine#2L-TE|2L-TE/THE]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]] diesel (LS141) }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 4-speed automatic | 5-speed automatic }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2730|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|4800|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (Royal Saloon) | {{convert|4690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} }} | width = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1750|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (Royal Saloon) | {{convert|1695|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} }} | height = {{convert|1440|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1620|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} }} Launched in 1991, this model of Toyota Crown departed from the traditional styling of previous models, and introduced the new Royal Touring trim level. The new hardtop model carried the S140 chassis designation, while the refreshed Crown sedan and wagon still kept the S130 chassis from the previous generation Crown. Unlike its predecessors, this model was produced exclusively in right-hand drive and consequently was not exported to markets with right-hand traffic. Engine options used in the hardtop model were the 2JZ-GE 3000cc DOHC, 1JZ-GE 2500cc DOHC, and the 2L-THE diesel 2400cc SOHC engine. The 1G-FE 2000cc DOHC engine was carried over from the eighth generation for use in the sedan and wagon models. Transmission options were an optional five speed transmission dubbed "5ECT-i" used with the 2JZ-GE, a four speed "ECT-i" transmission used with the 2JZ-GE, and a four speed "ECT" transmission for the 1JZ-GE, 2L-THE, and 1G-FE equipped vehicles. For the ninth-generation Crown, the Super Edition trim level was removed, and the Super Saloon trim became the entry-level trim. A new trim level was introduced, called Royal Touring, meant to be a mid-tier model with the option of both the 2JZ-GE and 1JZ-GE. The trim levels for the S140 hardtop are Super Select, Super Saloon Extra, Royal Touring, Royal Saloon, and Royal Saloon G. The Royal Saloon G trim kept all of the luxurious options of the previous generation including a fully digital gauge cluster, GPS navigation, and more safety equipment than other trim levels. As with the previous generation, the [[air suspension]]-equipped Royal Saloon G has a different model code (JZS145 versus JZS143 for the coil sprung model). Styling was largely changed from the S130 generation. The design had shifted to a more curved front and rear end, and removed the Crown badges from the C-pillars which had been on previous models. A brand new taillight design was introduced, which was a curved, wrap-around design. The front end styling was influenced from the UCF10 [[Toyota Celsior]] which was released two years prior to the S140 Crown hardtop. Because of the new rear-end styling moving away from the traditional separate, squared taillights, the design was negatively received. This caused sales and popularity to be much lower than its rivals, the Nissan Cedric and Gloria, as well as the previous generation Crown. In January 1993, a special-edition model was released, called the Prestige Saloon series for the Royal Saloon G and the Royal Saloon trims, and the Owners Prestige series for the Royal Touring trim. This special model included new chrome door handles and an all-chrome grill. Later in 1993, a facelift model was released. The rear design went back to that of the S130 type Crown which was more favorably received. Other changes included restoring the Crown emblems to the C-pillars, a further revised front grill, front bumper, and rear bumper. This newly revised Crown was well received over the previous styling, and was able to win back some sales for the ninth-generation Crown. Even after the facelift styling in late 1993, the ninth-generation Crown was labeled a failure in Japan compared to other generations and its rivals. Because of the lower sales volume, car recycling for tax incentive in Japan, and the export of used examples to other countries, the ninth-generation Crown has become difficult to find within Japan. <gallery widths="250" heights="107"> File:S140CrownSide (cropped).jpg|Side profile, pre-facelift model File:1993-1995 Toyota Crown rear.jpg|Facelift Crown Hardtop Royal Saloon in Japan </gallery> {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S150}} Tenth generation (S150; 1995) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Tenth generation | image = 1997-1999 Toyota Crown Royal Saloon.jpg | production = {{unbulleted list | 1995–1999 (Hardtop) | 1995–2001 (Sedan) }} | assembly = Japan: [[Toyota, Aichi]] (Motomachi plant) | body_style = {{unbulleted list | 4-door [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] | 4-door [[Hardtop Coupe|hardtop]] }} | layout = {{unbulleted list | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, four-wheel-drive]] }} | related = {{unbulleted list | [[Toyota Crown Majesta (S150)]] | [[Lexus GS (S160)]] }} | engine = {{unbulleted list | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-FE|1G-FE]]'' [[Straight-six engine|I6]] | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota G engine#1G-GPE|1G-GPE]]'' LPG I6 | 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota JZ engine#1JZ-GE|1JZ-GE]]'' I6 | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|2JZ-GE]]'' I6 | 2.4&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota L engine#2L-TE|2L-TE]]'' diesel [[Straight-four engine|I4]] }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 4-speed automatic | 5-speed manual | 5-speed automatic }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2780|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|4820|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | {{convert|4690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (2.0 L) }} | width = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1760|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | {{convert|1695|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (2.0 L) }} | height = {{convert|1425|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = }} The 150-series Crown had boxier styling than the previous generation and was built as a sedan and hardtop (frameless door window) only. This was the first Crown to not be built using [[body-on-frame]] construction, adopting the [[Vehicle frame#Unibody|unibody]] construction introduced with the 140-series Majesta. The wagon retained the old S130 chassis until 1999. The hardtop was offered in Royal Extra, Royal Saloon, Royal Saloon G, and sporty Royal Touring trim levels, while sedans were offered in Super Deluxe, Super Saloon, Super Saloon Extra and Royal Saloon trims. Gasoline engines were offered solely as inline 6-cylinder units with 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0-liter displacements, while an [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] version of the 2.0&nbsp;L engine was offered, as was a 2.4&nbsp;L 4-cylinder turbodiesel. As with previous generations, all vehicles with the 2.0 L engine were offered in a slightly shorter and narrower vehicle so as to be in compliance with Japanese government [[Vehicle size class#Japan|dimension regulations]]. All-wheel drive was offered for the Royal Extra and Royal Saloon. The S150 Crown would be the last generation to be offered with a manual transmission. In 1996, it won the [[RJC Car of the Year|Automotive Researchers' and Journalists' Conference Car of the Year]] award in Japan which it shared with the [[Toyota Crown Majesta|Crown Majesta]]. Unlike most preceding generations, the S150 Crown was not exported in great numbers. It was mainly sent to China, Hong Kong, the Middle East, and Southeast Asian markets like the Philippines, Singapore and Vietnam, with limited exports to some Caribbean and Latin American countries. These Crowns, with sedan rather than hardtop bodywork, were fitted either with the 2.0-liter [[Toyota G engine#1G-FE|1G-FE]] or the 3-liter [[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|2JZ-GE]] unit depending on market conditions. <gallery widths="200" heights="88"> File:Toyota Crown S150 Sedan.jpg|Sedan front File:Toyota Crown S150 Sedan rear.jpg|Sedan rear File:Toyota Crown S150 Hardtop.jpg|Hardtop front File:Toyota Crown S150 Hardtop rear.jpg|Hardtop rear </gallery> {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S170}} Eleventh generation (S170; 1999) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Eleventh generation (S170) | image = S170Crown.jpg | caption = 1999–2001 Toyota Crown Royal Saloon (JZS175, Japan) | production = {{unbulleted list | 1999–2003 (Sedan) | 1999–2007 (Wagon) }} | assembly = Japan: [[Toyota, Aichi]] (Motomachi plant) | body_style = {{unbulleted list | 4-door [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] | 4-door [[Station Wagon|wagon]] }} | layout = {{unbulleted list | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, four-wheel-drive]] }} | related = [[Toyota Crown Majesta (S170)]] | engine = {{unbulleted list | 2.0L [[Toyota G engine#1G-FE|''1G-FE'']] [[Straight-six engine|I6]] | 2.5L [[Toyota JZ engine#1JZ-FSE|''1JZ-FSE'']] I6 | 2.5L [[Toyota JZ engine#1JZ-GE|''1JZ-GE'']] I6 | 2.5L [[Toyota JZ engine#1JZ-GTE|''1JZ-GTE'']] [[Turbocharger|turbo]] I6 | 3.0L [[Toyota JZ engine#1JZ-FSE|''2JZ-FSE'']] I6 | 3.0L [[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|''2JZ-GE'']] I6 }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 4-speed automatic | 5-speed automatic }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2780|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|4820|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | {{convert|4690|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (2.0 L) }} | width = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1765|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | {{convert|1695|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (2.0 L) }} | height = {{convert|1465|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = }} The 170-series, launched in September 1999, features shorter front overhang therefore maximizing interior and trunk space. There are two different 170-series 4-door Saloon; the '''Royal''' and '''Athlete'''. The [[Toyota Crown Majesta|Majesta]], while sharing the same S170 chassis, is a separate vehicle which is larger and longer than the Crown and has distinctive front and rear styling. The four-door Hardtop was discontinued and no left-hand drive versions were produced, restricting exports to right-hand drive markets like Singapore. The 170-series '''Estate''' launched in December 1999 was the first new Crown Wagon after the 130-series and continued in production until March 2007. The engine installed is either the 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 in-line-six. The Athlete V has 2.5-liter 1JZ-GTE [[turbo]] and was offered in both sedan and wagon versions, however the Athlete V wagon was only available until 2003, despite Crown Estate production continuing until 2007. The Royal was also offered with a 3.0-liter 2JZ-FSE [[mild hybrid]]. Later non-hybrid models were offered with the direct-injection version of the 2JZ engine. For the updated '''Athlete''' versions starting from August 2001, the tail lamps were changed from incandescent to LED lights and the front grille changed to a mesh design. Furthermore, the grey cloth interior was changed to black cloth, with black leather becoming an available option. Optional 17-inch wheels were also offered starting from 2001. An innovation was the electronically controlled ([[Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension]]) [[air suspension]] combining nonlinear H-infinity control of damping force and roll-orientation control.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The 170-series Crown replaced the aging [[#S130|130-series]] in the Indonesian market. A total of 10,545 Athlete V sedans were manufactured, with a further 5,012 Athlete V Estates manufactured. === Gallery === {{gallery |width=200 |height=150 |File:S170Crownrear.jpg|1999–2001 Crown Royal Saloon (JZS175, Japan) |File:2002 Toyota Crown Athlete V 2.5 Front.jpg|1999–2001 Crown Athlete V (JZS171, Japan) |File:2002 Toyota Crown Athlete V 2.5 Rear.jpg|1999–2001 Crown Athlete V (JZS171, Japan) |File:1999-2001 Toyota Crown Estate Athlete Four.jpg|1999–2001 Crown Estate Athlete (JZS171W, Japan) |File:1999-2001 Toyota Crown Estate Athlete Four rear.jpg|1999–2001 Crown Estate Athlete (JZS171W, Japan) |File:Toyota Crown Royal Extra Limited GS171.jpg|2001–2003 Crown Royal Extra Limited (GS171, Japan) |File:Toyota Crown Royal Extra Limited GS171 rear.jpg|2001–2003 Crown Royal Extra Limited (GS171, Japan) |File:Toyota Crown Royal S170.jpg|2001–2003 Crown Royal Saloon (JZS175, Japan) |File:2001-2003 Toyota Crown Athlete V.jpg|2001–2003 Crown Athlete V (JZS171, Japan) |File:2001-2003 Toyota Crown Athlete V rear.jpg|2001–2003 Crown Athlete V (JZS171, Japan) |File:Toyota CROWN ESTATE ATHLETE V (GH-JZS171W) front.jpg|2001–2003 Crown Estate Athlete (JZS171W, Japan) |File:Toyota CROWN ESTATE ATHLETE V (GH-JZS171W) rear.jpg|2001–2003 Crown Estate Athlete (JZS171W, Japan) |File:Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department Type 170 patrol car leading Thai prime minister convoy.jpg|Toyota Crown (S170) in [[Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department]] service |File:Toyota Crown Royal Extra Limited GS171 interior.jpg|Interior }} {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S180}} Twelfth generation (S180; 2003) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Twelfth generation (S180) | image = 2003-2005 Toyota Crown Royal Saloon.jpg | caption = 2003–2005 Toyota Crown Royal Saloon S180 (Japan) | production = {{unbulleted list | 2003–2008 | 2005–2009 (China){{citation needed|date=November 2020}} }} | assembly = {{unbulleted list | Japan: [[Toyota, Aichi]] (Motomachi plant) | China: [[Tianjin]] ([[Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co. Ltd.|TFTM]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faw.com/international/toyota.jsp |title=International Cooperation |publisher=Faw.com |date=2002-08-29 |access-date=2010-07-25}}</ref> }} | body_style = 4-door [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] | platform = [[Toyota N platform]] | layout = {{unbulleted list | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, four-wheel-drive]] }} | related = {{unbulleted list | [[Toyota Crown Majesta (S180)]] | [[Lexus GS (S190)]] }} | engine = {{unbulleted list | 2.5 L ''[[Toyota GR engine#4GR-FSE|4GR-FSE]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]] | 2.5 L ''[[Toyota GR engine#5GR-FE|5GR-FE]]'' V6 (China) | 3.0 L ''[[Toyota GR engine#3GR-FSE|3GR-FSE]]'' V6 | 3.0 L ''[[Toyota GR engine#3GR-FE|3GR-FE]]'' V6 (China) | 3.5 L ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]'' V6 }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 5-speed automatic | 6-speed automatic }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2850|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|4855|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1780|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1470|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1620-1700|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}} }} The S180 model of the Crown, released in late 2003, was based on the '''Zero Crown''' concept car. The engine was changed to a V6 for the new Royal and Athlete models, while the [[Toyota Crown Majesta|Crown Majesta]] used the V8 only, now in 4.3-liter form with 4WD optional. The new engines gave more performance while also giving better fuel economy.<ref name="CaD2004">{{cite magazine |title=| magazine=Car and Driver HK| date=Jan 2004| volume=| issue=}}{{fcn|date=September 2022}}</ref> Left-hand drive Crowns became available for the first time since 2001 with this generation, although they were produced exclusively in China by [[Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co. Ltd.|Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor]] for sale in the domestic market. Radar [[Pre-Collision System]] added a single digital camera to improve the accuracy of collision forecast and warning and control levels.<ref name="toyota-global.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/products_technology/technology_development/electronics_parts/index.html |website=75 Years of TOYOTA |title=Technical Development - Electronics Parts}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2004/07/07/202727.html|title=Toyota Crown Majesta undergoes complete redesign}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.designnews.com/article/27-Safety_Rules_the_Road.php |title=Safety Rules the Road - 2004-10-11 00:00:00 - Design News |access-date=2016-02-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027102411/http://www.designnews.com/article/27-Safety_Rules_the_Road.php |archive-date=2008-10-27}} (Really Playing it Safe)</ref> In television commercials in Japan a song was written by composer [[John Harle]] titled [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H2gkSP6MhU "How should I my true love know?"]. [[G-BOOK]] was introduced in May 2006. Compared with the previous model, this model was increased by {{convert|70|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in the wheelbase and {{convert|15|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in body width. These changes gave it the largest interior size among its contemporaries, more than the [[Mercedes-Benz S-Class]] or [[BMW 7 Series]].<ref name="CaD2004"/> The slightly shorter and narrower versions with a 2.0 L engine are no longer offered as a Crown, with the Crown Comfort having assumed the market position in Japan for vehicles that complied with Japanese government [[Vehicle size class#Japan|dimension regulations]]. The S170 series Crown Estate was continued alongside the S180 sedans, and was replaced by the luxury-oriented [[Toyota Alphard]] for load carrying duties and multiple passengers. It continued to use the older [[Straight-six engine|inline six-cylinder]] engines. === Gallery === {{gallery |width=200 |height=150 |File:2003-2005 Toyota Crown Royal Saloon rear.jpg|2003–2005 Crown Royal Saloon (Japan) |File:2005 Toyota Crown-Royal 01.jpg|2005–2008 Crown Royal Saloon (Japan) |File:2005 Toyota Crown-Royal 02.jpg|2005–2008 Crown Royal Saloon (Japan) |File:2005 Toyota Crown-Athlete 01.jpg|2005–2008 Crown Athlete (Japan) |File:180Crowninterior.jpg|Interior |File:Toyota Crown S180 China 2016-04-13.jpg|Crown S180 in China }} {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S200}} Thirteenth generation (S200; 2008) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Thirteenth generation (S200) | image = 2008 Toyota Crown-Royal 01.jpg | caption = Toyota Crown Royal Saloon S200 (Japan; pre-facelift) | production = {{unbulleted list | 2008–2012 | 2009–2015 (China){{citation needed|date=November 2020}} }} | assembly = {{unbulleted list | Japan: [[Susono, Shizuoka]] (Higashi Fuji plant);<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/toyota_motor_east_japan.html |title=Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc. |publisher=Toyota |year=2012 |access-date=2014-07-15}}</ref> [[Toyota, Aichi]] (Motomachi plant)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/motomachi.html |title=Motomachi Plant |publisher=Toyota |year=2012 |access-date=2014-02-14}}</ref> | China: [[Tianjin]] ([[Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co. Ltd.|TFTM]]) }} | body_style = 4-door [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] | platform = [[Toyota N platform]] | layout = {{unbulleted list | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, four-wheel-drive]] }} | related = [[Toyota Crown Majesta (S200)]] | engine = {{unbulleted list | 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#4GR-FSE|4GR-FSE]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]] | 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#5GR-FE|5GR-FE]]'' V6 (China) | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#3GR-FSE|3GR-FSE]]'' V6 | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#3GR-FE|3GR-FE]]'' V6 (China) | 3.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]'' V6 (Crown Athlete GRS204) | 3.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FXE|2GR-FXE]]'' ([[Hybrid vehicle|Hybrid]]) V6 | 4.3&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UZ engine#3UZ-FE|3UZ-FE]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] (China) | 4.6&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UR engine#1UR-FSE|1UR-FSE]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 6-speed automatic | 8-speed automatic | [[Transmission (mechanics)#Electric variable|eCVT]] automatic (hybrid) }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2850|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|4870|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1795|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1470|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1792|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} | {{convert|1863|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (For TRD) }} }} This generation of the Crown is available in 4 different trim levels: the Crown Royal series which is a more comfortable and luxurious car; the Crown Athlete series which takes the luxurious aspect of the Royal series but has more aggressive styling and sporty features; the [[Toyota Crown Majesta|Crown Majesta]] series with different styling and more luxurious features than the Royal series; and the Crown Hybrid series which is a trim level designated for the [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] V6 drivetrain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldcarfans.com/9090326.019/toyota-launches-redesigned-crown-majesta-in-japan|title=Motor1.com - Car Reviews, Automotive News and Auto Show Coverage}}</ref> The larger 4.6 L ''[[Toyota UR engine#1UR-FSE|1UR-FSE]]'' [[V8 engine]] incurs a higher [[Road tax#Japan|road tax liability]]. === Innovation === * The Crown is one of the first vehicles to have a Navigation/Artificial Intelligence-Adaptive Variable Suspension System (NAVI/AI-AVS) 3 Dimensional Satellite Navigation System coupled with [[G-BOOK]] and boasts many features that have not been developed by other luxury car makers. This system can adjust the damper firmness for corners based on map data and change transmission gear shift timings and engine braking for merging on and off highways and approaching tollbooths. * First Toyota vehicle with [[active noise control]]. * World first [[Collision avoidance system]] (PCS) with front-side [[millimeter wave]] [[radar]] to detect potential side collisions primarily at intersections or when another vehicle crosses the center line. The latest version tilts the rear seat upward, placing the passenger in a more ideal crash position if it detects a front or rear impact.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/detail/305812 |title=Toyota Adds to Pre-crash Safety Technologies |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |date=2009-02-26 |access-date=2018-06-27}}</ref> * World first PCS Collision avoidance system with [[GPS]]-[[automotive navigation system|navigation]] linked [[brake assist]] function. The system, which is designed to determine if the driver is late in decelerating at an approaching stop sign, will then sound an alert and can also pre-charge the brakes to provide optimum braking force if deemed necessary. This system works in certain Japanese cities and requires Japan specific road markings that are detected by a [[CCD camera]]. * The Crown Hybrid Night View introduced the first [[pedestrian detection]] feature for an active [[Automotive night vision]] system. Toyota added a feature which highlights [[pedestrians]] and presents them in a box on an LCD display in front of the driver.<ref>{{cite web|last=Korzeniewski |first=Jeremy |url=http://www.autobloggreen.com/2008/05/31/toyota-introduces-night-view-on-japanese-crown-hybrid/ |title=Toyota introduces Night View on Japanese Crown Hybrid |publisher=Autobloggreen.com |date=2008-05-31 |access-date=2009-12-08}}</ref> * Updated [[Driver Monitoring System]] for detecting whether the driver's eyes are properly open.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/detail/281564 |title=Toyota Enhances Pre-crash Safety System with Eye Monitor |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |date=2008-01-22 |access-date=2018-06-27}}</ref> It monitors the driver's eyes to detect the driver's level of wakefulness. This system is designed to work even if the driver is wearing sunglasses, and at night. * World's first [[center airbag]] introduced in 2009. The Crown is set to rival the European [[BMW 5 Series]], [[Mercedes-Benz E-Class]], [[Audi A6]], [[Jaguar XF]], the American [[Cadillac CTS]], and the Japanese [[Acura RLX]], [[Honda Legend]], [[Infiniti M]] and [[Nissan Fuga]]. This is the longest and widest Crown to be built until the arrival of the fourteenth generation (S210 model). The Crown Athlete has been tested to do 0–100&nbsp;km/h in under 6 seconds, while the Crown Hybrid has been estimated to take 5.4 seconds due to the additional power of the hybrid motor. The mechanically similar Lexus GS 450H Hybrid (GWS191) outputs {{convert|253|kW|bhp|abbr=on|0}}.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} The Crown Hybrid Concept was exhibited at the [[Tokyo Motor Show#2007|2007 Tokyo Motor Show]]. === Gallery === {{gallery |width=200 |height=146 |File:2008 Toyota Crown-Royal 02.jpg|Crown Royal Saloon (Japan; pre-facelift) |File:2009 Toyota Crown Athlete.jpg|Crown Athlete (Japan; pre-facelift) |File:2008 Toyota Crown-Athlete 02.jpg|Crown Athlete (Japan; pre-facelift) |File:2008 Toyota Crown-Hybrid 01.jpg|Crown Hybrid (Japan; pre-facelift) |File:2008 Toyota Crown-Hybrid 02.jpg|Crown Hybrid (Japan; pre-facelift) |File:Toyota-200Crownunmarked.JPG|Crown Royal Saloon (Japan; facelift) |File:Toyota Crown Royal 1002.JPG|Crown Royal Saloon (Japan; facelift) |File:2010-2012 Toyota Crown Athlete.jpg|Crown Athlete (Japan; facelift) |File:2010 Toyota Crown Athlete rear.jpg|Crown Athlete (Japan; facelift) |File:2010-2012 Toyota Crown Hybrid.jpg|Crown Hybrid (Japan; facelift) |File:CrownRoyalsalooninterior.jpg|Interior |File:2009 FAW-Toyota Crown S200.jpg|Crown S200 (2009–2012) in China |File:Toyota Crown S200 Sport China 2012-06-02.jpg|Crown Sport S200 (2011–2012) in China |File:Toyota Crown S200 facelift 01 China 2016-04-08.jpg|Crown S200 facelift (2012–2015) in China |File:Toyota Crown S200 facelift 02 China 2016-04-08.jpg|Crown S200 facelift (2012–2015) in China }} {{Clear}} == {{anchor|S210}} Fourteenth generation (S210; 2012) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Fourteenth generation (S210) | image = 2012 Toyota Crown-Royal 01.jpg | caption = Toyota Crown Hybrid Royal Saloon S210 (Japan; pre-facelift) | production = {{unbulleted list | December 2012 – June 2018 (Japan) | March 2015 – May 2020 (China) }} | assembly = {{unbulleted list | Japan: [[Toyota, Aichi]] (Motomachi plant)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/corporate/companyinformation/manufacturing |title=Japanese Production Sites |publisher=Toyota |date=2015-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318032552/http://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/corporate/companyinformation/manufacturing |archive-date=2015-03-18}}</ref> | China: [[Tianjin]] ([[Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co. Ltd.|TFTM]])<ref>{{cite news |url=https://auto.sina.cn/zz/hykx/2020-05-01/detail-iircuyvi0815448.d.html |title=丰田皇冠正式停产，一个时代终结，曾经对标奥迪A6 |trans-title=Toyota Crown officially discontinued production, the end of an era, once bettered Audi A6 |work=Sina Motors |location=China |language=zh |date=2020-08-01 |access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref> }} | body_style = 4-door [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] | platform = [[Toyota N platform]] | layout = {{unbulleted list | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, four-wheel-drive]] }} | related = [[Toyota Crown Majesta (S210)]] | engine = {{unbulleted list | 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#4GR-FSE|4GR-FSE]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]] | 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#5GR-FE|5GR-FE]]'' V6 (China) | 3.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]'' V6 | 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota AR engine#2AR-FSE|2AR-FSE]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]] ([[Hybrid vehicle|Hybrid]]) | 2.0 L ''[[Toyota AR engine#8AR-FTS|8AR-FTS]]'' I4 (turbo) }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 6-speed automatic | 8-speed automatic | [[Transmission (mechanics)#Electric variable|eCVT]] automatic (hybrid) }} | wheelbase = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|2850|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | {{convert|2925|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (China)<ref name="China-S210">{{cite news |url=https://carnewschina.com/2015/02/10/new-toyota-crown-is-ready-for-the-chinese-car-market/|title=New Toyota Crown is Ready for the Chinese car market |first=Tycho |last=de Feijter |date=2015-02-10 |access-date=2022-02-15 |work=CarNewsChina |location=China}}</ref> }} | length = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|4885|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | {{convert|4970|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (China)<ref name="China-S210"/> }} | width = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1800|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | {{convert|1805|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (China) }} | height = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1495|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | {{convert|1480|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (China) }} | weight = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|1825|-|1995|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}} | {{convert|1660|-|1690|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}} (China) }} | successor = [[Toyota Avalon (XX50)]] (China) }} The fourteenth generation Crown was launched on 25 December 2012 with new styling, with the Royal series front styling theme paying homage to the fifth generation [[Toyota Crown#S100|MS105 series]]. Most aspects of the car can be controlled by Toyota Multi-Operation Touch panel.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Toyota Launches New 'Crown' Series Sedans in Japan |url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/12/12/1225.html |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |date=2012-12-25 |access-date=2012-12-30}}</ref> The S210 Crown was launched in China in March 2015. Pricing currently ranges between 250,800 and 332,800 yuan (US$36,830–48,860) with four trim levels known as: Pioneer, Fashion, Sports and Elite. The Crown currently uses the 2-liter ''[[Toyota AR engine#8AR-FTS|8AR-FTS]]'' turbocharged four-cylinder engine paired to an 8-speed automatic gearbox. Compared to its Japanese counterpart, the Crown S210 in China is 35 millimetres longer in length, 5 millimetres wider, 15 millimetres shorter in height, 65 millimetres longer in wheelbase and is 165 to 305 kilograms lighter in kerb weight. The front end of the Chinese variant has a razor blade grille just like its Japanese counterpart and has thinner headlights and tail lights for a sleeker design.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.com.cn/vehicles/crown.php |title=丰田中国 - 全线车系-CROWN 皇冠 |trans-title=Full-size car - Crown |publisher=Toyota |location=China |language=zh |access-date=2019-08-13}}</ref> In Japan, the S210 series Crown was discontinued in June 2018, where it was replaced by the S220 model. It also ended production in May 2020 for the Chinese market, where the [[Toyota Avalon (XX50)|XX50 series Avalon]] replaced it.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.marklines.com/en/news/238852|title=Ended Chinese S210 Crown production in FAW-Toyota}}</ref> === Reborn Pink === A special edition version of the S210 Crown was produced in association with Japanese presenter/producer [[Terry Ito]]. It featured a bright pink exterior and various pink interior details. It was offered to customers for the month of September 2013. Toyota stated that they received 650 orders for the car, of which were mostly from male customers. Prices for used examples remain high because of the uniqueness and rarity of the trim.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://paultan.org/2013/10/03/toyota-reborn-pink-crown-athlete/ |title=Toyota Reborn Pink Crown Athlete – for the daring |first=Anthony |last=Lim |date=2013-10-03 |work=paultan.org |location=Malaysia |access-date=2022-03-20}}</ref> === Gallery === {{gallery |width=200 |height=147 |File:2012 Toyota Crown-Royal 02.jpg|Crown Hybrid Royal Saloon (Japan; pre-facelift) |File:The frontview of Toyota Pink Crown (cropped).JPG|Crown Hybrid Athlete ReBORN Pink (Japan; pre-facelift) |File:Toyota Crown 3.5 Athlete S rear.jpg|Crown Athlete (Japan; pre-facelift) |File:Toyota CROWN HYBRID Royal Saloon (DAA-AWS210-AEXQH) front.jpg|Crown Hybrid Royal Saloon (Japan; facelift) |File:CROWN Hybrid Athlete S J-Frontier (cropped).jpg|Crown Hybrid Athlete (Japan; facelift) |File:Toyota Crown GRS214 Unmarked car rear.jpg|Crown Athlete (Japan; facelift) |File:2012 Toyota Crown-Royal 03.jpg|Interior |File:2015 FAW-Toyota Crown (front).jpg|Crown front (China) |File:2015 FAW-Toyota Crown (rear).jpg|Crown rear (China) }} {{clear}} == {{anchor|S220}} Fifteenth generation (S220; 2018) == {{Infobox automobile | name = Fifteenth generation (S220) | image = 2018 Toyota Crown 2.0 S.jpg | caption = 2018 Toyota Crown 2.0 S (ARS220, Japan) | production = June 2018 – June 2022<ref name="Crown Owner's Manuals">{{Cite web|url=https://manual.toyota.jp/crown/|title=トヨタ 取扱説明書 クラウン|publisher=Toyota|trans-title = TOYOTA INSTRUCTION MANUAL CROWN| access-date=2022-09-07|language=ja-JP}}</ref> | assembly = Japan: [[Toyota, Aichi]] ([[Motomachi plant]]) | body_style = 4-door [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] | platform = TNGA: [[Toyota TNGA-L platform|GA-L]] (narrow)<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 May 2018|title=トヨタのTNGAとはプラットフォームのこと？ {{!}} 気になる車をクローズアップ|trans-title=What is Toyota's TNGA platform? Close up of the car you care about|url=https://prius-news.com/1685.html|access-date=11 July 2021|publisher=Toyota|location=Japan|language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fung|first=Derek|date=2019-09-10|title=Toyota GA-B Platform Unveiled, Likely To Underpin New Yaris|work=Drive|location=Australia|url=https://www.drive.com.au/news/toyota-ga-b-platform-unveiled-likely-to-underpin-new-yaris/|access-date=2021-07-11}}</ref> | related = | layout = {{unbulleted list | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive]] (2.5&nbsp;L hybrid) }} | engine = {{unbulleted list | '''[[Petrol engine|Gasoline]]:''' | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota AR engine#8AR-FTS|8AR-FTS]]'' [[turbo]] [[Straight-four engine|I4]] | '''Gasoline [[Hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]]:''' | 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota Dynamic Force engine#A25A-FXS|A25A-FXS]]'' I4 | 3.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#8GR-FXS|8GR-FXS]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]] }} | motor = {{unbulleted list | {{convert|105|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} ''1KM'' [[Alternating current|AC]] [[Synchronous motor|synchronous]] (2.5&nbsp;L hybrid) | {{convert|132|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} ''2NM'' AC synchronous (3.5&nbsp;L hybrid) }} | powerout = {{collapsible list|framestyle=border:none; padding:0; | 1 = {{convert|180|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} (2.0&nbsp;L) | 2 = {{convert|135|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} (2.5&nbsp;L hybrid; gasoline engine only); {{convert|166|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} (2.5&nbsp;L hybrid; combined system output) | 3 = {{convert|220|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} (3.5&nbsp;L hybrid; gasoline engine only); {{convert|264|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} (3.5&nbsp;L hybrid; combined system output) }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 8-speed automatic (2.0&nbsp;L) | [[Transmission (mechanics)#Electric variable|eCVT]] automatic (2.5&nbsp;L hybrid) | 10-speed "Multi Stage Hybrid System" automatic (3.5&nbsp;L hybrid) }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2920|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|4910|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1800|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1455|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1690|–|1900|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} | predecessor = [[Toyota Crown Majesta (S210)]] (Crown G-Executive) }} The fifteenth-generation Crown was unveiled as a concept at the [[Tokyo Motor Show#2017|45th Tokyo Motor Show]] in October 2017 and went on sale on 26 June 2018.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Toyota Rolls Out Completely Redesigned Crown |date=2018-06-26 |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |url=https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/toyota/23102775.html |access-date=2018-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Toyota Launches All-New Crown In Japan With Connected Features As Standard |first=Michael |last=Karkafiris |work=Carscoops |date=2018-06-26 |url=https://www.carscoops.com/2018/06/toyota-launches-new-crown-japan-connected-features-standard/ |access-date=2018-06-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kudo |first1=Masaaki |last2=Oshikiri |first2=Tomoyoshi |date=2018-06-27 |title=Toyota's 'connected' Corolla and Crown signal shift to mobility |work=Nikkei Asian Review |location=Japan |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-Trends/Toyota-s-connected-Corolla-and-Crown-signal-shift-to-mobility |access-date=2018-07-02}}</ref> The vehicle is built on a narrow version of the same [[Toyota TNGA-L platform|TNGA-L platform]] that is used by other Lexus and luxury Toyota sedans.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Komatsu |first=Tetsuya |date=June 26, 2018 |title=トヨタ クラウン 新型、秋山チーフエンジニア「世界中どこでも戦えるクルマを目指した」 |language=ja |work=Response |url=https://response.jp/article/2018/06/26/311244.html |access-date=2021-07-01}}</ref> Three engine choices are offered so as to provide buyers advantages in savings with regards to Japan's annual [[Road tax#Japan|road tax]] obligation, and standard equipment content is increased with each trim package matched to the engine size. Trim levels for the Japanese market Crown are B, S, G, G Executive, RS-B, RS, and RS Advance. All trim levels are offered with either rear wheel drive or full-time all-wheel drive. The S220 Crown carried over the 2.0-liter [[Toyota AR engine#8AR-FTS|8SR-FTS]] turbocharged four-cylinder gasoline engine from the previous model, introduced the 2.5 liter [[Toyota Dynamic Force engine#A25A-FXS|A25A-FXS]] paired with the [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] system, as well as the 3.5-liter [[Toyota GR engine#8GR-FXS|8GR-FXS]] V6 paired with the Multi Stage Hybrid system from the [[Lexus LC#LC 500h|Lexus LC 500h]] and [[Lexus LS#Fifth generation (XF50; 2017)|LS 500h]]. The 2.0&nbsp;L engine is only available in the rear wheel drive RS and RS Advance. All trim levels, except the rear wheel drive G Executive, can be purchased with the 2.5&nbsp;L Hybrid. The 3.5&nbsp;L Hybrid is only installed in the rear wheel drive RS Advance and G Executive. The only engine for the 4WD models is 2.5&nbsp;L Hybrid. The 2.5&nbsp;L Hybrid G Executive is the only version exported to Indonesia.{{r|S220 Indonesia}} In October 2019, the S220 Crown was selected by the government of Indonesia to serve as an official vehicle for cabinet ministers, replacing the older Crown Royal Saloon which had been in use since 2009.<ref name="S220 Indonesia">{{cite press release |url=https://www.toyota.astra.co.id/corporate-information/news-promo/read/toyota-crown-menteri-2019-2024 |title=TOYOTA CROWN MENTERI 2019-2024 |language=id |publisher=Toyota Astra Motor |location=Indonesia |date=2019-10-22 |access-date=2022-06-18}}</ref> However, unlike some preceding generations of the Crown in Indonesia, the S220 is imported in small numbers and unavailable for consumer purchase. In 2020, a facelift of the S220 Crown was planned but rejected by president [[Akio Toyoda]] and scrapped in favour of developing a new generation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://toyotatimes.jp/en/toyota_news/crown/002.html|title=Crown's Essence to Live on in the 16th Generation|publisher=Toyota|date=2022-10-03|access-date=2022-10-06}}</ref> However, in November 2020, the S220 received a minor update which brought a redesigned centre control stack and centre console to the interior, featuring a single 12.3-inch touchscreen and more intuitive physical climate controls in place of the previous dual-screen design.<ref>{{cite news|title=2021 Toyota Crown Gets An Early Update With Massive Touchscreen|first=Jacob|last=Oliva|work=Motor1|date=2020-11-02|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/452136/2021-toyota-crown-infotainment-update/|access-date=2022-10-06}}</ref> === T-Connect === The fifteenth-generation Crown is one of the first Toyota models to be equipped with a DCM ('''Data Communication Module''') system which then links with a Vehicle Control Network. By using this hardware, Toyota was able to provide various connected services to [[Toyota T-Connect|T-Connect]]<ref group=note>Languages available for T Connect as of now are only Japanese.</ref> subscribers through its proprietary Mobility Service Platform (MSPF), an information infrastructure developed by the company for Connected Cars. From then, Toyota intended to equip most new passenger vehicles in its domestic market with DCM.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/corporate/23157821.html |title=Toyota to make "Connected Vehicles" its new standard in Japan |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |date=2018-06-26 |access-date=2018-07-02}}</ref> On August 1, 2018, Toyota Motor Corporation (Toyota), with Toyota City, started Japan's first verification testing for road maintenance inspections using vehicle data obtained from connected cars. The verification test enabled assessment of whether the degree of road deterioration index values computed from the car's behavior data and actual road conditions are consistent, and validate these findings on more typical regional roads. Toyota also aimed to further advance its technology toward supporting administrative services that implement road maintenance and inspection work in Toyota City more accurately and appropriately.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/corporate/23485508.html |title=Toyota to Commence Verification Testing with Toyota City for Road Maintenance Inspections Using Vehicle Data Obtained from Connected Cars |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |date=2018-07-18}}</ref> ==== Safety and driver assistance ==== ==== Toyota Safety Sense 2.0 ==== The fifteenth generation Crown is equipped with Toyota Safety Sense 2.0 just like most Toyota models for 2018.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/corporate/19842201.html |title=Toyota to Roll Out 2nd Generation Toyota Safety Sense Active Safety Packages from 2018 |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |date=2017-11-27 |access-date=2018-07-02}}</ref> Some added or improved features include: * (LTA) Lane Tracing Assist * Dynamic Radar Cruise Control (with all-speed vehicle following function) * (PCS) Pre-Collision System with Pedestrian Detection (can detect bicyclists and even pedestrians at night) * (AHB) Automatic High Beam * (RSA) Road Sign Assist * Advance car launch notification function === Gallery === <gallery widths="200" heights="148"> File:2018 Toyota Crown Hybrid rear.jpg|2018 Toyota Crown 2.5 Hybrid S Four (AZSH21, Japan) File:2018 Toyota Crown 2.0 RS.jpg|2018 Toyota Crown 2.0 RS (ARS220, Japan) File:The rearview of Toyota CROWN 2.5 HYBRID RS Advance 2WD.jpg|2018 Toyota Crown 2.5 Hybrid RS Advance (AZSH20, Japan) File:2018 Toyota Crown interior.jpg|Interior (2018–2020) File:Toyota Crown 2.5 Hybrid S AZSH20 interior.jpg|Interior (2020–2022) File:The "CROWN" emblem of Toyota CROWN 2.5 HYBRID RS (6AA-AZSH20-AEXAB).jpg|The Crown emblem for the fifteenth generation model File:WMC P TMS17 Toyota Crown Concept 1.jpg|Toyota Crown prototype displayed at the 2017 [[Tokyo Motor Show]] </gallery> {{clear}} == {{anchor|S230|sixteenth}} Sixteenth generation == The sixteenth generation of the Crown family was unveiled on 15 July 2022. Considered as a "reboot" to the Crown nameplate,<ref name=":0">{{cite news |author=Reuters Staff |date=2022-07-15 |title=Toyota revamps Crown range, with new models including SUV to be sold outside Japan |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/toyota-crown/toyota-revamps-crown-range-with-new-models-including-suv-to-be-sold-outside-japan-idINL4N2YV0XP |website=Reuters |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=2022-07-16}}</ref> four body styles were introduced, which are Crossover, Sport (previewed by the Crossover EV concept car in December 2021),<ref name=":3">{{cite news |last=De Guzman |first=Marcus |date=2022-07-15 |title=All-new Toyota Crown now offers crossover variant |url=https://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/all-new-toyota-crown-now-offers-crossover-variant.html |website=AutoIndustriya |publisher=AutoIndustriya.com |location=Philippines |access-date=2022-07-16}}</ref> Sedan and Estate. The latter three body styles will be released in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-16 |title=新型クラウン今秋発売!! 残り3車種は2023年登場＆開発コンセプト判明!! |trans-title=New Crown released this fall !! The remaining 3 models will be released in 2023 & the development concept has been revealed !! |url=https://bestcarweb.jp/newcar/469402 |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 |language=ja}}</ref> Citing the Crown as a "symbol of Japan's affluence and Japanese pride",<ref name=":0" /> Toyota CEO [[Akio Toyoda]] announced that the Crown range of vehicles will be available in global markets for the first time in history, with availability in about 40 countries and regions with an expected annual sales volume of around 200,000 units.<ref name="worldpremiere">{{cite press release |date=2022-07-15 |title=World Premiere of the All-New Crown Series |url=https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/toyota/37540641.html |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Toyota Motor Corporation Official Global Website |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-07-15 |title=President Toyoda's message to the world: "This is Japan's Crown!" |url=https://toyotatimes.jp/en/toyota_news/crown/001.html |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Toyota Times |language=en}}</ref> === {{anchor|S235|Crossover}} Crossover (S235; 2022) === {{redirect-distinguish|Toyota Crown Crossover|Toyota Crown Kluger}} {{Infobox automobile | name = Sixteenth generation<br />Crossover (S235) | image = Toyota CROWN CROSSOVER RS"Advanced" (5AA-TZSH35-AETAT(F)) (2).jpg | caption = 2022 Toyota Crown Crossover RS Advanced (TZSH35, Japan) | production = July 2022 – present{{r|Crown Owner's Manuals}} | model_years = 2023 (North America) | assembly = Japan: [[Toyota, Aichi]] ([[Motomachi plant]] and [[Tsutsumi plant]]) | designer = {{unbulleted list | Mitsunori Miyazaki (project chief designer)<ref name="Crown Design Sketches">{{Cite web |title=Crown Design Sketches |url=https://global.toyota/en/mobility/toyota-brand/toyota-design/crown/crossover/ |website=Toyota |date=2022-07-15 |access-date=2022-07-15}}</ref> | Toyokazu Nishihama and Yukiko Yano (exterior)<ref name="Crown Design Sketches"/> | Shunsuke Tanaka and Koji Yamaguchi (interior)<ref name="Crown Design Sketches"/> }} | body_style = 4-door [[fastback]] [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] | platform = TNGA: [[Toyota TNGA-K platform|GA-K]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Chan |first=Mick |date=2022-07-15 |title=2023 Toyota Crown unveiled as new series of models – no more sedan; four bodystyles, two hybrid engines |url=https://paultan.org/2022/07/15/2023-toyota-crown-unveiled-as-new-series-of-models-no-more-sedan-four-bodystyles-two-hybrid-engines/ |website=[[Paultan.org|Paul Tan]] |publisher=Driven Communications |location=Malaysia |access-date=2022-07-16}}</ref> | layout = {{unbulleted list | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive|Transverse front-engine, four-wheel-drive]] (''[[E-Four]]'') }} | related = {{unbulleted list | [[Lexus RX (AL30)]] | [[Toyota Highlander (XU70)|Toyota&nbsp;Highlander]]/[[Toyota Kluger (XU70)|Kluger]]/[[Toyota Crown Kluger (XU70)|Crown Kluger (XU70)]] }} | engine = {{unbulleted list | '''[[Petrol engine|Gasoline]] [[Hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]]:''' | 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota Dynamic Force engine#A25A-FXS|A25A-FXS]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]] (AZSH35) | 2.4&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota Dynamic Force engine#T24A-FTS|T24A-FTS]]'' [[turbo]] I4 (TZSH35) }} | motor = {{collapsible list|framestyle=border:none; padding:0; | 1 = 2x [[permanent magnet synchronous]]: | 2 = {{convert|88|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} ''3NM'' + {{convert|40|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} ''4NM'' (2.5&nbsp;L) | 3 = {{convert|61|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} ''1ZM'' + {{convert|59|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} ''1YM'' (2.4&nbsp;L turbo) }} | powerout = {{collapsible list|framestyle=border:none; padding:0; | 1 = {{convert|137|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} (''A25A-FXS'', gasoline engine only); {{convert|172|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} (''A25A-FXS'', combined system output) | 2 = {{convert|200|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} (''T24A-FTS'', gasoline engine only); {{convert|257|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} (''T24A-FTS'', combined system output) }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | eCVT (2.5&nbsp;L) | 6-speed "Direct Shift-6AT" automatic + ''eAxle'' (2.4&nbsp;L turbo) }} | wheelbase = {{convert|2850|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|4930|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1840|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1540|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1750|–|1920|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} | predecessor = [[Toyota Avalon]] (North America) }} The Crossover-type Crown was released on 15 July 2022 as the first body style of the sixteenth-generation Crown family to be launched. It will be sold in North America after 50 years of hiatus of the Crown nameplate in the region since 1972.<ref name="carscoops">{{cite news |last=Gauthier |first=Michael |date=2022-07-15 |title=2023 Toyota Crown Debuts As A Re-Imagined Full-Size Sedan For The Crossover Era |url=https://www.carscoops.com/2022/07/toyota-crown-returns-to-america-with-standard-awd-and-up-to-340-hp/ |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Carscoops |language=en-US}}</ref> The design of the Crossover-type Crown was described as a combination between a sedan and an [[SUV]], with a sloping roof and a conventional sedan trunk opening. It is based on the [[front-wheel drive]]-oriented [[TNGA-K|GA-K]] platform while offering "E-Four"/"E-Four Advanced" electric four-wheel drive system as standard.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jonathon |first=Ramsey |date=2022-07-15 |title=2023 Toyota Crown revealed, replacing Avalon with an old name and new body |url=https://www.autoblog.com/2022/07/15/2023-toyota-crown-revealed/ |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Autoblog |language=en}}</ref> All models come equipped with acoustic glass and extensive sound deadening to improve [[noise, vibration, and harshness]], emphasizing Crown's premium positioning.<ref name="carscoops" /> Two standard gasoline hybrid powertrain options are offered, which is a 2.5-liter ''[[Toyota Dynamic Force engine#A25A-FXS|A25A-FXS]]'' engine producing a total {{convert|172|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} of system output with "E-Four" four-wheel drive system and [[Transmission (mechanics)#Electric variable|eCVT]], and a more powerful [[turbocharged]] 2.4-liter ''[[Toyota Dynamic Force engine#T24A-FTS|T24A-FTS]]'' engine (marketed as "Dual Boost Hybrid System" in Japan and "Hybrid Max" in North America) producing a total {{convert|257|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} of system output with "E-Four Advanced" four-wheel drive system and a 6-speed "Direct Shift-6AT" automatic transmission with rear "eAxle". Mass production of the Crown Crossover was started at the [[Tsutsumi plant]] from around late August 2022, and at the [[Motomachi plant]] from mid-September 2022.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-01 |title=新型クラウンクロスオーバー、本日9月1日正式発売！ 気になる販売現場の士気や如何に？ |trans-title=New Crown Crossover, officially released today, September 1st! How about the morale of the sales floor that you care about? |url=https://bestcarweb.jp/feature/column/498775 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 |language=ja}}</ref> ==== Markets ==== ===== Japan ===== In Japan, grade levels offered for the {{proper name|Crown Crossover}} are the X, G, and RS, with the latter equipped with the ''T24A-FTS'' engine. Targeted monthly sales in Japan is set at 3,200 units.<ref name="worldpremiere" /> It went on sale in September 2022.<ref name=":1" /> <gallery widths="200" heights="150"> File:Toyota CROWN CROSSOVER RS"Advanced" (5AA-TZSH35-AETAT(F)) (4).jpg|Rear view File:Toyota CROWN CROSSOVER RS"Advanced" (5AA-TZSH35-AETAT(F)).jpg|Interior </gallery> ===== North America ===== The North American market Crown will be released as the 2023 model year vehicle, available only in the Crossover body style. Marketed solely as the "Crown", grade levels available in the US and Canada are XLE, Limited, and Platinum. The latter is equipped with the ''T24A-FTS'' engine and a standard Adaptive Variable Suspension.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Jeff |date=2022-07-15 |title=2023 Toyota Crown Revealed: A Hybrid Sedan That Thinks It's A Crossover |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/598310/2023-toyota-crown-hybrid-details/ |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Motor1.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Caleb |date=2022-07-15 |title=2023 Toyota Crown Replaces the Avalon as a Lifted, Hybrid Sedan |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a40618133/2023-toyota-crown-revealed-details/ |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Car and Driver |language=en-US}}</ref> The North American market Crown will not wear the Crown emblem at the front and the steering wheel, and will instead wear Toyota's corporate emblem. It is also not equipped with the full-width [[Daytime running lamp|daytime running light]] bar available in the Japanese market model, which is replaced with a chrome piece. The Crown will be the replacement of [[Toyota Avalon|Avalon]] after being phased out.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Cameron |date=2022-07-14 |title=Toyota Ditches Avalon and Replaces It With Funky, High-Riding 2023 Crown |url=https://www.edmunds.com/car-news/toyota-ditches-avalon-and-replaces-it-with-funky-high-riding-2023-crown.html |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Edmunds |language=en-us}}</ref> {{clear}} === Sport (2023) === {{Infobox automobile | name = Sixteenth generation<br />Sport | image = | caption = | production = | model_years = | assembly = | designer = | body_style = 5-door [[SUV]] | platform = | layout = | related = | engine = | motor = | powerout = | transmission = | wheelbase = {{convert|2770|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|4710|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1880|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1560|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|NNNN|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} }} The Crown Sport was previewed as a mock-up model in July 2022 and is scheduled for 2023 release.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Onuki |first=Naojiro |last2= |date=2022-07-20 |title=トヨタが第16世代の新型クラウンを世界初公開。ボディタイプは4種類を設定し、第1弾としてクロスオーバーを今秋に発売 |trans-title=Toyota unveils the 16th generation new Crown for the first time in the world. Four types of body types are set, and the crossover will be released this fall as the first one. |url=https://www.caranddriver.co.jp/newcar/23193/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=CAR and DRIVER（カー・アンド・ドライバー） online |language=ja}}</ref> Previously, the same model was showcased as a [[battery electric vehicle]] concept called the "Crossover EV" in December 2021.<ref name=":3" /> {{clear}} === Sedan (2023) === {{distinguish|text = the [[Toyota Comfort|Comfort]]-based [[Toyota Crown Sedan]]}} {{Infobox automobile | name = Sixteenth generation<br>Sedan | image = | caption = | production = | model_years = | assembly = | designer = | body_style = 4-door [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] | platform = | layout = | related = | engine = | motor = | powerout = | transmission = | wheelbase = {{convert|3000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|5030|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1890|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1470|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|NNNN|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} }} The Crown Sedan is a four-door sedan that was previewed as a mock-up model in July 2022 and is scheduled for 2023 release.<ref name=":2" /><!-- The Crown Sedan will use the same platform as the Lexus LS and will use a [[longitudinal engine]], [[rear-wheel drive]] layout.--> Compared to the fifteenth generation, the sixteenth-generation sedan will be {{convert|100|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} longer in length and {{convert|150|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} longer in wheelbase.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-01 |title=新型クラウンはやはりセダンだろ！ 超イメチェンで世界一のデザインを目指す |trans-title=The new Crown is still a sedan! Aiming for the world's best design with a super makeover |url=https://bestcarweb.jp/feature/column/497578 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 |language=ja}}</ref> {{clear}} === Estate (2023) === {{Infobox automobile | name = Sixteenth generation<br />Estate | image = | caption = | production = | model_years = | assembly = | designer = | body_style = 5-door [[SUV]] | platform = | layout = | related = | engine = | motor = | powerout = | transmission = | wheelbase = {{convert|2850|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|4930|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1880|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1620|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|NNNN|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} }} The Crown Estate was previewed as a mock-up model in July 2022 and is scheduled for 2023 release.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-15 |title=新型クラウンに「エステート」あり!! ライバルを先走りチェック!! 世界の高級ワゴンの実力とは |trans-title=The new Crown has an "estate"! Check ahead of your rivals! What is the power of the world's luxury wagons? |url=https://bestcarweb.jp/feature/column/485555 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=「ワゴン復活最高！」トヨタ新型「クラウン エステート」は車中泊もイケる？ ワゴンSUVで登場か!? |trans-title="Wagon revival is the best!" Toyota's new "Crown Estate" can stay in the car? Will it appear in a wagon SUV!? |url=https://kuruma-news.jp/post/536789 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=くるまのニュース |language=ja}}</ref> {{clear}} == Nameplate usage for other models == === {{anchor|XS10}} Crown Comfort and Crown Sedan (XS10; 1995–2018) === {{Main|Toyota Comfort}} {{Multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | width = 220 | image1 = Toyota Comfort 001.JPG | image2 = Training vehicle of TOYOTA COMFORT (rear).JPG | caption2 = Crown Comfort }} {{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220 | image1 = DAIEI KOTSU TOYOTA CROWN SEDAN (cropped).jpg | image2 = Anzentaxi-crownsedan.jpg | caption2 = Crown Sedan }} To replace the commercial variant of the S130 Crown sedan, which was popular with taxicab operators, Toyota released a long-wheelbase version of the [[Toyota Comfort|Comfort]] fleet sedan under the '''Crown Comfort''' nameplate. An upscale variant of the Crown Comfort with better appointments was sold exclusively in Japan as the '''Crown Sedan'''. While these models bore the Crown nameplate, they were based on the outgoing [[Toyota Mark II (X80)|X80 series Mark II]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60005626/index.html |title=History of Toyota - 75 years - Crown Comfort vehicle lineage |publisher=Toyota |access-date=2021-12-11}}</ref> The Crown Comfort was popular among taxicab operators in Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore, but is gradually falling out of favour as better-appointed vehicles become available at competitive cost. The Crown Comfort was removed from Toyota's Japanese website on 25 May 2017, with production of existing orders ceasing in January 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://manual.toyota.jp/crownsedan/|title=トヨタ 取扱説明書 クラウン セダン |publisher=Toyota |trans-title = TOYOTA INSTRUCTION MANUAL CROWN SEDAN | access-date=2022-04-11|language=ja-JP}}</ref> It was replaced by the [[Toyota JPN Taxi|JPN Taxi]] which was launched at the 45th [[Tokyo Motor Show]] in October 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.motortrend.com/news/toyota-jpn-taxi-is-japans-new-hybrid-cab/ |title=Toyota JPN Taxi is Japan's New Hybrid Cab |first=Alex |last=Nishimoto |work=Motor Trend |date=2017-10-23 |access-date=2017-11-08}}</ref> {{clear}} === "Crown" sub-brand for the Chinese market === In April 2021, Toyota used the "Crown" nameplate as a sub-brand for high-end models sold by [[FAW Toyota]] in China, shortly after the S210 Crown sedan was discontinued in mid-2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toyota Crown Minivan Makes Surprise Debut At Auto Shanghai|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/503022/toyota-crown-minivan-reveal-photos/|access-date=2021-04-24|website=Motor1.com|language=en}}</ref> The first models introduced were the [[Toyota Crown Kluger (XU70)|Crown Kluger]] ({{zh|s=皇冠陆放|t=皇冠陸放|p=Huángguàn Lùfàng|c=}}) SUV (rebadged Highlander) and [[Toyota Crown Vellfire (AH30)|Crown Vellfire]] ({{zh|s=皇冠威尔法|t=皇冠威爾法|p=Huángguàn Wēiěrfǎ|c=}}) minivan (renamed from Vellfire).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-20|title=Toyota also slapped a Crown badge on the Vellfire - Auto News|url=https://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/toyota-also-slapped-a-crown-badge-on-the-vellfire.html|access-date=2021-04-24|website=AutoIndustriya.com|language=en}}</ref> Both models feature the Crown logo replacing the front Toyota logo, and in other places such as the hubcaps, instrument cluster and steering wheel (Crown Kluger only).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toyota Crown SUV Officially Revealed Because Sedans Are So Yesterday|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/502613/toyota-crown-suv-official-debut/|access-date=2021-04-24|website=Motor1.com|language=en}}</ref> <gallery widths="200" heights="120"> File:TOYOTA CROWN KLUGER (3).jpg|Crown Kluger File:Toyota Crown Vellfire Aero China (cropped).jpg|Crown Vellfire </gallery> == Trademark dispute == In November 2015, Wuhan Municipal Sanitation Machinery Co., Ltd. sued Toyota and a [[Wuhan]]-based automobile dealer for trademark infringement in China based on the similarity of the Crown logo to Wuhan Municipal Sanitation Machinery's China Trademark Registration No. 217925. Toyota had requested cancellation of this trademark registration in December 2014, but its request was denied by the [[CTMO|China Trademark Office (CTMO)]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webjd.cn/2016/01/toyota-trademark-dispute-over-crown-logo/ |title=Toyota trademark dispute over Crown logo |website=WebJD China |date=2016-01-28 |access-date=2016-01-28}}</ref> == Sales == {| class="wikitable !Year !Japan<ref>{{Cite web |title=あの時売れていた車は？人気乗用車販売台数ランキング |url=https://www.sonysonpo.co.jp/infographic/ifga_car_ranking.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424114350/https://www.sonysonpo.co.jp/infographic/ifga_car_ranking.html |archive-date=24 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=www.sonysonpo.co.jp |language=ja}}</ref> |- |1992 |155,744 |- |1993 |117,673 |- |1994 |113,859 |- |1995 |130,068 |- |1996 |137,676 |- |1997 |109,711 |- |1998 |73,948 |- |1999 |87,253 |- |2000 |101,000 |- |2001 |82,901 |- |2002 |68,798 |- |2003 |56,089 |- |2004 |116,614 |- |2005 |79,546 |- |2006 |70,833 |- |2007 |56,455 |- |2008 |74,904 |- |2009 |40,216 |- |2010 |40,529 |- |2011 |29,927 |- |2012 |29,963 |- |2013 |82,701 |- |2014 |49,166 |- |2015 |44,316 |- |2016 |39,813 |- |2017 |29,085 |- |2018 |50,324 |- |2019 |36,125 |- |2020 |22,173<ref>{{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2021-01-08 |title=【国産乗用車編】2020年12月＆2020年1月～12月の登録車新車販売台数ランキング15を一挙公開！12月度も累計も全てトヨタ新型ヤリスが圧勝！ {{!}} ページ 2 |url=https://creative311.com/?p=110141&page=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116130226/https://creative311.com/?p=110141&page=2 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-12 |website=Creative Trend |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2021 |21,411 |} == Notes == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|group=note}} == References == === Citations === {{reflist}} === Bibliography === * {{cite book |ref=GPPC |editor=ＧＰ企画センター [GP Planning Center] |year=2006 |trans-title=History Timeline of the Japanese Automobile |title=日本自動車史年表 |location=Tokyo |publisher=GP Publications |isbn=978-4-87687-286-2}} == External links == {{Commons category|Toyota Crown}} * {{Official website|https://global.toyota/en/mobility/toyota-brand/gallery/crown.html}} (global) {{Toyota Motor Corporation}} {{Toyota road cars timeline, 1955-1984}} {{Toyota road cars timeline, 1985-date}} {{Toyota road cars timeline, 2010–present}} {{Modern North American Toyota vehicles}} [[Category:Toyota vehicles|Crown]] [[Category:Cars introduced in 1955]]<!-- <nowiki>[[Category:1950s cars]]</nowiki> is not needed because already included in [[Category:Cars introduced in 1955]]. See [[WP:SUBCAT]] --> [[Category:1960s cars]] [[Category:1970s cars]] [[Category:1980s cars]] [[Category:1990s cars]] [[Category:2000s cars]] [[Category:2010s cars]] [[Category:2020s cars]] [[Category:Executive cars]] [[Category:Full-size vehicles]] [[Category:Sedans]] [[Category:Coupés]] [[Category:Station wagons]] [[Category:Coupé utilities]] [[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]] [[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]] [[Category:Hybrid electric cars]] [[Category:Partial zero-emissions vehicles]] [[Category:Taxi vehicles]] [[Category:Police vehicles]] [[Category:Vehicles with CVT transmission]]'