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| image = PrideAndPrejudiceTitlePage.jpg
| caption = Title page
| author = [[Jane Austen]]
| country = United Kingdom
| title_working = First Impressions
| language = English
| publisher = [[Thomas Egerton (publisher)|T. Egerton]], Whitehall
| set_in = [[Hertfordshire]] and [[Derbyshire]], {{circa|1812}}
| release_date = 28 January 1813
| media_type = Print (hardback, 3 volumes), digitalized
| oclc = 38659585
| preceded_by = [[Sense and Sensibility]]
| followed_by = [[Mansfield Park]]
| dewey = 823.7
| congress = PR4034 .P7
| genre = Classic Regency novel <br />[[Romance novel]]
| wikisource = Pride and Prejudice
}}
[[File:Chapter 01 - Pride and Prejudice - Jane Austen.ogg|thumb|right|LibriVox recording by Karen Savage.]]
'''''Pride and Prejudice''''' is an 1813 [[novel of manners]] by [[Jane Austen]]. The novel follows the character development of [[Elizabeth Bennet]], the dynamic [[protagonist]] of the book who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between superficial goodness and actual goodness.
Mr. Bennet, owner of the Longbourn estate in [[Hertfordshire]], has five daughters, but his property is [[Fee tail|entailed]] and can only be passed to a male heir. His wife also lacks an inheritance, so his family faces becoming poor upon his death. Thus, it is imperative that at least one of the daughters marries well to support the others, which is a motivation that drives the plot.
''Pride and Prejudice'' has consistently appeared near the top of lists of "most-loved books" among literary scholars and the reading public. It has become one of the most popular novels in English literature, with over 20 million copies sold, and has inspired many derivatives in modern literature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/dvd/reviews/article_1475660.php/Pride_and_Prejudice_%E2%80%93_Blu-ray_Review |title=Monstersandcritics.com |date=7 May 2009 |publisher=Monstersandcritics.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026154330/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/dvd/reviews/article_1475660.php/Pride_and_Prejudice_%E2%80%93_Blu-ray_Review |archive-date=26 October 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=27 January 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/austen-power-200-years-of-pride-and-prejudice-8454448.html |title=Austen power: 200 years of Pride and Prejudice |date=2013-01-19 |website=The Independent |access-date=2018-12-07}}</ref> For more than a century, dramatic adaptations, reprints, unofficial sequels, films, and TV versions of ''Pride and Prejudice'' have portrayed the memorable characters and themes of the novel, reaching mass audiences.<ref>{{cite book |last=Looser |first=Devoney |title=The Making of Jane Austen |location=Baltimore, MD |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |year=2017 |page=76 |isbn=978-1421422824}}</ref>
==Plot summary==
[[File:PrideandPrejudiceCH3.jpg|thumb|Mr. Darcy says Elizabeth is "not handsome enough to tempt him" to dance. (Artist: [[C.E. Brock]], 1895)]]
In the early 19th century, the [[Bennet family]] live at their Longbourn estate, situated near the village of Meryton in [[Hertfordshire]], England. Mrs. Bennet's greatest desire is to marry off her five daughters in order to secure their futures. The arrival of Mr. Bingley, a rich bachelor who rents the neighbouring Netherfield estate, gives her hope that one of her daughters might contract an advantageous marriage, because "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife".
At a ball, the family is introduced to the Netherfield party, including Mr. Bingley, his two sisters and [[Mr. Darcy]], his dearest friend. Mr. Bingley's friendly and cheerful manner earns him popularity among the guests. He appears interested in Jane, the eldest Bennet daughter. Mr. Darcy, reputed to be twice as wealthy as Mr Bingley, is haughty and aloof, causing a decided dislike of him. He declines to dance with [[Elizabeth Bennet|Elizabeth]], the second-eldest Bennet daughter, as she is "not handsome enough". Although she jokes about it with her friend, Elizabeth is deeply offended. Despite this first impression, Mr. Darcy secretly begins to find himself drawn to Elizabeth as they continue to encounter each other at social events, appreciating her wit and frankness.
[[Mr. William Collins|Mr. Collins]], the heir to the Longbourn estate, visits the Bennet family with the intention of finding a wife among the five girls under the advice of his patroness [[Lady Catherine de Bourgh]], also revealed to be Mr. Darcy's aunt. He decides to pursue Elizabeth. The Bennet family meet the charming army officer [[George Wickham]], who tells Elizabeth in confidence Mr. Darcy's horrible past actions in his regards. Elizabeth, blinded by her prejudice toward Mr. Darcy, believes him.
Elizabeth dances with Mr. Darcy at a ball, where Mrs. Bennet hints loudly that she expects Jane and Bingley to become engaged. Elizabeth rejects Mr. Collins' marriage proposal, to her mother's fury and her father's relief. Mr. Collins instead proposes to Charlotte Lucas, a friend of Elizabeth. Having heard Mrs. Bennet's words at the ball and disapproving of the marriage, Mr. Darcy joins Mr. Bingley in a trip to London and, with the help of his sisters, convinces him not to return to Netherfield. A heartbroken Jane visits her Aunt and Uncle Gardiner in London to raise her spirits, while Elizabeth's hatred for Mr. Darcy grows as she suspects he was responsible for Mr Bingley's departure.
[[File:Pickering - Greatbatch - Jane Austen - Pride and Prejudice - She then told him what Mr. Darcy had voluntarily done for Lydia.jpg|thumb|left|
Elizabeth tells her father that Darcy was responsible for uniting Lydia and Wickham, in one of the two earliest illustrations of ''Pride and Prejudice''.<ref>[[Janet M. Todd]] (2005), [https://books.google.com/books?id=TVcNgW5uH5oC&pg=PA127 Books.Google.com], Jane Austen in Context, [[Cambridge University Press]] p. 127</ref> The clothing styles reflect the time the illustration was engraved (the 1830s), not the time in which the novel was written or set.]]
In the spring, Elizabeth visits Charlotte and Mr. Collins in [[Kent]]. Elizabeth and her hosts are invited to Rosings Park, Lady Catherine's home. Mr. Darcy and his cousin, Colonel Fitzwilliam, are also visiting Rosings Park. Fitzwilliam tells Elizabeth how Mr. Darcy recently saved a friend, presumably Bingley, from an undesirable match. Elizabeth realises that the prevented engagement was to Jane. Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, declaring his love for her despite her low social connections. She is shocked, as she was unaware of Mr. Darcy's interest, and rejects him angrily, saying that he is the last person she would ever marry and that she could never love a man who caused her sister such unhappiness; she further accuses him of treating Wickham unjustly. Mr. Darcy brags about his success in separating Bingley and Jane and sarcastically dismisses the accusation regarding Wickham without addressing it.
Mr. Darcy gives Elizabeth a letter, explaining that Wickham, the son of his late father's steward, had refused the "[[benefice#Church_of_England|living]]" his father had arranged for him and was instead given money for it. Wickham quickly squandered the money and tried to elope with Darcy's 15-year-old sister, Georgiana, for her considerable [[dowry]]. Mr. Darcy also writes that he separated Jane and Bingley because he believed her indifferent to Bingley and because of the lack of propriety displayed by her family. Elizabeth is ashamed by her family's behaviour and her own prejudice against Mr. Darcy.
Months later, Elizabeth accompanies the Gardiners on a tour of [[Derbyshire]]. They visit [[Pemberley]], Darcy's estate. When Mr. Darcy returns unexpectedly, he is exceedingly gracious with Elizabeth and the Gardiners. Elizabeth is surprised by Darcy's behaviour and grows fond of him, even coming to regret rejecting his proposal. She receives news that her sister Lydia has run off with Wickham. She tells Mr. Darcy, then departs in haste. After an agonising interim, Wickham agrees to marry Lydia. She visits the family and tells Elizabeth that Mr. Darcy was at her wedding. Though Mr. Darcy had sworn everyone involved to secrecy, Mrs. Gardiner now feels obliged to inform Elizabeth that he secured the match, at great expense and trouble to himself.
Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy return to Netherfield. Jane accepts Mr. Bingley's proposal. Lady Catherine, having heard rumours that Elizabeth intends to marry Mr. Darcy, visits her and demands she promise never to accept Mr. Darcy's proposal, as she and Darcy's late mother had already planned his marriage to her daughter Anne. Elizabeth refuses and asks the outraged Lady Catherine to leave. Darcy, heartened by his aunt's indignant relaying of Elizabeth's response, again proposes to her and is accepted.
== Characters ==
[[File:Scenes from Pride and Prejudice.png|thumb|Scenes from ''Pride and Prejudice'', by [[C. E. Brock]] (c. 1885)]]
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:330px; float:right; margin:1em;"
|-
! Character genealogy
|-
| style="vertical-align:top; font-size:75%; text-align:right; width:350px;"|
{{tree chart/start}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | MRH |MRH=Mr Hurst}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | |:|}}
{{tree chart | | | | | |,| MRSH |MRSH=Mrs Louisa Hurst}}
{{tree chart | | | MRP |!| | MRP=Mr Philips}}
{{tree chart | | | |:| |)| CB |CB=Caroline Bingley}}
{{tree chart | |,| MRSP |!|MRSP=Mrs Philips}}
{{tree chart | |!| | | |`| MRB | MRB=Mr Charles Bingley}}
{{tree chart | |!| MRSG | | |:|MRSG=Mrs Gardiner}}
{{tree chart | |!| |:| |,| JB |JB=Jane Bennet}}
{{tree chart | |)| MRG |!|MRG=Mr Edward Gardiner}}
{{tree chart | |!| | | |)| EB |EB='''[[Elizabeth Bennet]]'''}}
{{tree chart | |`| MRSB |!| |L|~|7|MRSB=Mrs Bennet}}
{{tree chart | | | |d|-|+| MB |:|MB=Mary Bennet}}
{{tree chart | |F| MRB |!| | | |:|MRB=Mr Bennet}}
{{tree chart | |:| | | |)| KB |:|KB=Catherine "Kitty" Bennet}}
{{tree chart | |L| MC |!| | | |:|MC=Mr William Collins}}
{{tree chart | | | |:| |`| LB |:|LB=Lydia Bennet}}
{{tree chart | | | CL| | |:| |:| CL=Charlotte Lucas}}
{{tree chart | | | | | |F| GW |:|GW=Mr George Wickham}}
{{tree chart | | | | | |:| |F|~|J|}}
{{tree chart | | | MRD |)| FD |MRD=(Old) Mr Darcy |FD='''Mr [[Fitzwilliam Darcy]]'''}}
{{tree chart | | | |d|-|(|}}
{{tree chart | |,| LA |`| GD |LA=Lady Anne Darcy |GD=Georgiana Darcy}}
{{tree chart | |!| }}
{{tree chart | |)| LCDB |-| ADB |LCDB=Lady Catherine de Bourgh|ADB=Anne de Bourgh}}
{{tree chart | |!| }}
{{tree chart | |`| B |-| CF |B=Earl of Matlock|CF=Colonel Fitzwilliam}}
{{tree chart | | | }}
{{tree chart/end}}
|}
[[File:Thomson-PP14.jpg|thumb|Elizabeth and Mr Darcy by [[Hugh Thomson]], 1894]]
* '''[[Elizabeth Bennet]]''' – the second-eldest of the Bennet daughters, she is attractive, witty and intelligent – but with a tendency to form tenacious and prejudiced first impressions. As the story progresses, so does her relationship with Mr Darcy. The course of Elizabeth and Darcy's relationship is ultimately decided when Darcy overcomes his pride, and Elizabeth overcomes her prejudice, leading them both to surrender to their love for each other.
* '''[[Mr. Darcy|Mr Fitzwilliam Darcy]]''' – Mr Bingley's friend and the wealthy owner of the family estate of [[Pemberley]] in [[Derbyshire]], rumoured to be worth at least £10,000 a year. While he is handsome, tall, and intelligent, Darcy lacks ease and [[social graces]], and so others frequently mistake his initially haughty reserve as proof of excessive pride (which, in part, it is). A new visitor to the village, he is ultimately Elizabeth Bennet's love interest. Though he appears to be proud and is largely disliked by people for this reason, his servants vouch for his kindness and decency.
* '''[[Mr Bennet]]''' – A logical and reasonable late-middle-aged [[Landed gentry|landed]] [[gentry|gentleman]] of a more modest income of £2000 per annum, and the dryly sarcastic [[patriarchy|patriarch]] of the now-dwindling [[Bennet family]] (a family of [[Hertfordshire]] landed gentry), with five unmarried daughters. His estate, Longbourn, is [[Fee tail|entailed]] to the male line. His affection for his wife wore off early in their marriage and is now reduced to mere toleration. He is often described as 'indolent' in the novel.
* '''[[Bennet family#Mrs. Bennet|Mrs Bennet]] ({{nee|Gardiner}})''' – the middle-aged wife of her social superior, Mr Bennet, and the mother of their five daughters (Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Catherine and Lydia). Mrs Bennet is a [[hypochondriac]] who imagines herself susceptible to attacks of tremors and palpitations (her "poor nerves") whenever things are not going her way. Her main ambition in life is to marry her daughters off to wealthy men. Whether or not any such matches will give her daughters happiness is of little concern to her. She was settled a [[dowry]] of £4,000 from her father.
[[File:William Blake Mrs Q 1820 engraving after Francois Huet Villiers The British Museum.jpg|right|thumb|In a letter to Cassandra dated May 1813, Jane Austen describes a picture she saw at a gallery which was a good likeness of "Mrs Bingley" – Jane Bennet. Deirdre Le Faye in ''The World of Her Novels'' suggests that "Portrait of Mrs Q" is the picture Austen was referring to. (pp. 201–203)]]
* '''[[Bennet family#Jane Bennet|Jane Bennet]]''' – the eldest Bennet sister. She is considered the most beautiful young lady in the neighbourhood and is [[Optimism|inclined to see only the good in others]] (but can be persuaded otherwise on sufficient evidence). She falls in love with Charles Bingley, a rich young gentleman recently moved to Hertfordshire and a close friend of Mr Darcy.
* '''[[Bennet family#Mary Bennet|Mary Bennet]]''' – the middle Bennet sister, and the plainest of her siblings. Mary has a serious disposition and mostly reads and plays music, although she is often impatient to display her accomplishments and is rather vain about them. She frequently moralises to her family. According to James Edward Austen-Leigh's ''[[A Memoir of Jane Austen]]'', Mary ended up marrying one of her Uncle Philips' law clerks and moving into Meryton with him.
* '''[[Bennet family#Catherine "Kitty" Bennet|Catherine "Kitty" Bennet]]''' – the fourth Bennet daughter. Though older than Lydia, she is her shadow and follows her in her pursuit of the officers of the militia. She is often portrayed as envious of Lydia and is described as a "silly" young woman. However, it is said that she improved when removed from Lydia's influence. According to James Edward Austen-Leigh's ''A Memoir of Jane Austen'', Kitty later married a clergyman who lived near Pemberley.
* '''[[Lydia Bennet]]''' – the youngest Bennet sister. She is frivolous and headstrong. Her main activity in life is socialising, especially flirting with the officers of the militia. This leads to her running off with George Wickham, although he has no intention of marrying her. Lydia shows no regard for the moral code of her society; as Ashley Tauchert says, she "feels without reasoning".<ref name="Ashley Tauchert">{{cite journal |last=Tauchert |first=Ashley |title=Mary Wollstonecraft and Jane Austen: 'Rape' and 'Love' as (Feminist) Social Realism and Romance|journal=Women |date=2003 |volume=14 |issue=2 |page=144 |doi=10.1080/09574040310107|s2cid=170233564 }}</ref>
* '''Charles Bingley''' – a handsome, amiable, wealthy young gentleman (a ''[[nouveau riche]]'') from the north of England (possibly [[Yorkshire]], as [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]] is mentioned, and there is, in fact, a real-life town called [[Bingley]] in [[West Yorkshire]]), who leases Netherfield Park, an estate three miles from Longbourn, with the hopes of purchasing it. He is contrasted with Mr Darcy for having more generally pleasing manners, although he is reliant on his more experienced friend for advice. An example of this is the prevention of Bingley and Jane's romance because of Bingley's undeniable dependence on Darcy's opinion.<ref>No love for Lydia: The fate of desire in Pride and Prejudice Allen DW 1985.</ref> He lacks resolve and is easily influenced by others; his two sisters, Miss Caroline Bingley and Mrs Louisa Hurst, both disapprove of Bingley's growing affection for Miss Jane Bennet. He inherited a fortune of £100,000.<ref>{{cite book |last=Austen |first=Jane |title=Pride and Prejudice |date=5 August 2010 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=2 |isbn=978-0-19-278986-0}}</ref>
* '''Caroline Bingley''' – the [[Vainglory|vainglorious]], snobbish sister of Charles Bingley, with a fortune of £20,000. Miss Bingley harbours designs upon Mr Darcy, and therefore is jealous of his growing attachment to Elizabeth. She attempts to dissuade Mr Darcy from liking Elizabeth by ridiculing the Bennet family and criticising Elizabeth's comportment. Miss Bingley also disapproves of her brother's esteem for Jane Bennet, and is disdainful of society in Meryton. Her wealth (which she overspends) and her expensive education seem to be the two greatest sources of Miss Bingley's [[vanity]] and [[conceit]]; likewise, she is very insecure about the fact that her and her family's money all comes from trade, and is eager both for her brother to purchase an estate, elevating the Bingleys to the ranks of the gentry, and for herself to marry a landed gentleman (i.e. Mr Darcy). The dynamic between Miss Bingley and her sister, Louisa Hurst, seems to echo that of Lydia and Kitty Bennet's, and Mrs Bennet and Mrs Phillips'; that one is no more than a follower of the other, with Caroline in the same position as Lydia and Mrs Bennet, and Louisa in Kitty's and Mrs Phillips' (though, in Louisa's case, as she is already married, she is not under the same pressure as Caroline). Louisa is married to Mr Hurst, who has a house in [[Grosvenor Square]], London.
* '''[[George Wickham]]''' – Wickham has been acquainted with Mr Darcy since infancy, being the son of Mr Darcy's father's steward. An officer in the militia, he is [[superficially charming]] and rapidly forms an attachment with Elizabeth Bennet. He later runs off with Lydia with no intention of marriage, which would have resulted in her and her family's complete disgrace, but for Darcy's intervention to bribe Wickham to marry her by paying off his immediate debts.
* '''[[Mr William Collins]]''' – Mr Collins is Mr Bennet's distant second cousin, a clergyman, and the current heir presumptive to his estate of Longbourn House. He is an obsequious and pompous man, prone to making long and tedious speeches, who is excessively devoted to his patroness, Lady Catherine de Bourgh.
* '''[[Lady Catherine de Bourgh (character)|Lady Catherine de Bourgh]]''' – the overbearing aunt of Mr Darcy. Lady Catherine is the wealthy owner of Rosings Park, where she resides with her daughter Anne and is fawned upon by her rector, Mr Collins. She is haughty, pompous, domineering, and condescending, and has long planned to marry off her sickly daughter to Darcy, to 'unite their two great estates', claiming it to be the dearest wish of both her and her late sister, Lady Anne Darcy (née Fitzwilliam).
* '''Mr Edward Gardiner and Mrs Gardiner''' – Edward Gardiner is Mrs Bennet's brother and a successful tradesman of sensible and gentlemanly character. Aunt Gardiner is genteel and elegant and is close to her nieces Jane and Elizabeth. The Gardiners are instrumental in bringing about the marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth.
* '''Georgiana Darcy''' – Georgiana is Mr Darcy's quiet, amiable and shy younger sister, with a [[dowry]] of £30,000, and is aged barely 16 when the story begins. When still 15, Miss Darcy almost eloped with Mr Wickham but was saved by her brother, whom she idolises. Thanks to years of tutelage under masters, she is accomplished at the piano, singing, playing the harp, drawing, and modern languages and is therefore described as Caroline Bingley's idea of an "accomplished woman".
* '''Charlotte Lucas''' – Charlotte is Elizabeth's friend who, at 27 years old (and thus beyond what was then considered prime marriageable age), fears becoming a burden to her family and therefore readily agrees to marry Mr Collins to gain financial security, having seized the opportunity to claim his attentions after Elizabeth turns down his proposal. Though the novel stresses the importance of love and understanding in marriage, Austen never seems to condemn Charlotte's decision to marry for security. She uses Charlotte to convey how women of her time would adhere to society's expectation for women to marry even if it is not out of love, but convenience.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Rothman |first1=Joshua |title=On Charlotte Lucas's Choice |url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/on-charlotte-lucass-choice |magazine=The New Yorker |date=7 February 2013 |access-date=13 August 2020 |language=en-us}}</ref> Charlotte is the daughter of Sir William Lucas and Lady Lucas, neighbours of the Bennet family.
* '''Colonel Fitzwilliam''' – Colonel Fitzwilliam is the younger son of an earl and the nephew of Lady Catherine de Bourgh and Lady Anne Darcy; this makes him the cousin of Anne de Bourgh and the Darcy siblings, Fitzwilliam and Georgiana. He is about 30 years old at the beginning of the novel. He is the coguardian of Miss Georgiana Darcy, along with his cousin, Mr Darcy. According to Colonel Fitzwilliam, as a younger son, he cannot marry without thought to his prospective bride's [[dowry]].
{{wide image|Pride_and_Prejudice_Character_Map.svg|600px|Diagram showing relationships among the principal characters of ''Pride and Prejudice''}}
<!-- <div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Pride and Prejudice Character Map.png|center|720px|thumb|A comprehensive web showing the relationships between the main characters in ''Pride and Prejudice'']]</div> -->
{{Clear}}
==Major themes==
Many critics take the title as the start when analysing the themes of ''Pride and Prejudice'' but Robert Fox cautions against reading too much into the title (which was initially ''First Impressions''), because commercial factors may have played a role in its selection. "After the success of ''[[Sense and Sensibility]]'', nothing would have seemed more natural than to bring out another novel of the same author using again the formula of antithesis and alliteration for the title. The qualities of the title are not exclusively assigned to one or the other of the protagonists; both Elizabeth and Darcy display pride and prejudice."<ref name="fox-ncf">{{cite journal |last=Fox |first=Robert C. |title=Elizabeth Bennet: Prejudice or Vanity? |journal=Nineteenth-Century Fiction |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=185–187 |date=September 1962 |jstor=2932520 |doi=10.2307/2932520}}</ref> The phrase "pride and prejudice" had been used over the preceding two centuries by [[Joseph Hall (bishop)|Joseph Hall]], [[Jeremy Taylor]], [[Joseph Addison]] and [[Samuel Johnson]].<ref>{{Cite OED|pride, n.<sup>1</sup>}}</ref><ref name=teltitle>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3558295/How-Pride-And-Prejudice-got-its-name.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3558295/How-Pride-And-Prejudice-got-its-name.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=How Pride And Prejudice got its name |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | first=Gary|last=Dexter|date=10 August 2008| access-date=27 April 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Austen probably took her title from a passage in [[Frances Burney|Fanny Burney]]'s ''[[Cecilia (Burney novel)|Cecilia]]'' (1782), a popular novel she is known to have admired:
{{Quotation|'The whole of this unfortunate business, said Dr Lyster, has been the result of PRIDE and PREJUDICE. […] if to PRIDE and PREJUDICE you owe your miseries, so wonderfully is good and evil balanced, that to PRIDE and PREJUDICE you will also owe their termination.'<ref name=teltitle/><ref name="Burney1782">{{cite book |last=Burney |first=Fanny |title=Cecilia: Or, Memoirs of an Heiress |url=https://archive.org/details/ceciliaormemoir13burngoog |year=1782 |publisher=T. Payne and son and T. Cadell |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ceciliaormemoir13burngoog/page/n384 379]–380}}</ref> (capitalisation as in the original)}}
A theme in much of Austen's work is the importance of environment and upbringing in developing young people's character and morality.<ref name="Pinion">{{cite book |last=Pinion|first=F B |title=A Jane Austen. Companion |publisher=Macmillan |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-333-12489-5}}</ref> Social standing and wealth are not necessarily advantages in her world and a further theme common to Austen's work is ineffectual parents. In ''Pride and Prejudice'', the failure of Mr and Mrs Bennet as parents is blamed for Lydia's lack of moral judgment. Darcy has been taught to be principled and scrupulously honourable but he is also proud and overbearing.<ref name="Pinion" /> Kitty, rescued from Lydia's bad influence and spending more time with her older sisters after they marry, is said to improve greatly in their superior society.<ref>{{cite book |last=Austen|first=Jane |title=Pride and Prejudice, Ch 61}}</ref> The American novelist Anna Quindlen observed in an introduction to an edition of Austen's novel in 1995:
{{Quotation|''Pride and Prejudice'' is also about that thing that all great novels consider, the search for self. And it is the first great novel that teaches us this search is as surely undertaken in the [[drawing room]] making [[small talk]] as in the pursuit of a [[Moby-Dick|great white whale]] or the [[The Scarlet Letter|public punishment of adultery]].<ref name="Intro">{{cite book |contributor-last=Quindlen |contributor-first=Anna |contributor-link=Anna Quindlen |contribution=Introduction |last=Austen |first=Jane |title=Pride and Prejudice |location=New York |publisher=Modern Library |year=1995 |page=vii |isbn=978-0-679-60168-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/northangerabbeyb00aust_1 }}</ref>}}
===Marriage===
The opening line of the novel famously announces: "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife."<ref>{{cite book |last=Austen |first=Jane |title=Pride and Prejudice, Ch 1}}</ref> This sets marriage as a [[Motif (narrative)|motif]] and a problem in the novel. Readers are poised to question whether or not these single men need a wife, or if the need is dictated by the "neighbourhood" families and their daughters who require a "good fortune".
Marriage is a complex social activity that takes political and financial economy into account. In the case of Charlotte Lucas, the seeming success of her marriage lies in the comfortable financial circumstances of their household, while the relationship between Mr and Mrs Bennet serves to illustrate bad marriages based on an initial attraction and surface over substance (economic and psychological). The Bennets' marriage is an example that the youngest Bennet, Lydia, re-enacts with Wickham and the results are far from felicitous. Although the central characters, Elizabeth and Darcy, begin the novel as hostile acquaintances and unlikely friends, they eventually work toward a better understanding of themselves and each other, which frees them to truly fall in love. This does not eliminate the challenges of the real differences in their technically-equivalent social status as gentry and their female relations. It does however provide them with a better understanding of each other's point of view from the different ends of the rather wide scale of differences within that category.
When Elizabeth rejects Darcy's first proposal, the argument of marrying for love is introduced. Elizabeth only accepts Darcy's proposal when she is certain she loves him and her feelings are reciprocated.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gao |first=Haiyan |date=February 2013 |title=Jane Austen's Ideal Man in Pride and Prejudice |journal=Theory and Practice in Language Studies |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=384–388 |doi=10.4304/tpls.3.2.384-388 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Austen's complex sketching of different marriages ultimately allows readers to question what forms of alliance are desirable especially when it comes to privileging economic, sexual, companionate attraction.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Schmidt |first=Katrin |date= 2004|title= The role of marriage in Jane Austen's 'Pride and Prejudice'|type= thesis|publisher=[[University of Münster]] |isbn= 9783638849210 |quote=compare the different kinds of marriages described in the novel }}</ref>
===Wealth===
Money plays a fundamental role in the marriage market, for the young ladies seeking a well-off husband and for men who wish to marry a woman of means. George Wickham tries to elope with Georgiana Darcy, and Colonel Fitzwilliam states that he will marry someone with wealth. Marrying a woman of a rich family also ensured a linkage to a higher-class family, as is visible in the desires of Bingley's sisters to have their brother married to Georgiana Darcy. Mrs Bennet is frequently seen encouraging her daughters to marry a wealthy man of high social class. In chapter 1, when Mr Bingley arrives, she declares "I am thinking of his marrying one of them".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Austen |first1=Jane |title=Pride and Prejudice |date=1813 |page=3}}</ref>
Inheritance was by descent but could be further restricted by [[Fee tail|entailment]], which in the case of the Longbourn estate restricted inheritance to male heirs only. In the case of the Bennet family, Mr Collins was to inherit the family estate upon Mr Bennet's death in the absence of any closer male heirs, and his proposal to Elizabeth would have ensured her security; but she refuses his offer. Inheritance laws benefited males because married women did not have independent legal rights until the second half of the 19th century. For the upper-middle and aristocratic classes, marriage to a man with a reliable income was almost the only route to security for the woman and the children she was to have.<ref name=Chung>{{cite journal|last=Chung|first=Ching-Yi|title=Gender and class oppression in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice|journal=IRWLE|date=July 2013|volume=9|issue=2|url=https://www.academia.edu/2612757}}</ref> The irony of the opening line is that generally within this society it would be a woman who would be looking for a wealthy husband to have a prosperous life.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhattacharyya |first1=Jibesh |title=Jane Austen's Pride and prejudice |date=2005 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788126905492 |page=19 |chapter=A critical analysis of the novel|quote=The irony of the opening sentence is revealed when we find Mrs Bennett needs a single man with a good fortune…for…any one of her five single daughters}}</ref>
===Class===
[[File:LadyCatherine & Elisabeth.jpg|thumb|right|Lady Catherine and Elizabeth by [[C. E. Brock]], 1895]]
[[File:Pickering - Greatbatch - Jane Austen - Pride and Prejudice - This is not to be borne, Miss Bennet.jpg|thumb|Lady Catherine confronts Elizabeth about [[Fitzwilliam Darcy|Darcy]], on the title page of the first illustrated edition. This is the other of the first two illustrations of the novel.]]
Austen might be known now for her "romances" but the marriages in her novels engage with economics and class distinction. ''Pride and Prejudice'' is hardly the exception. When Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, he cites their economic and social differences as an obstacle his excessive love has had to overcome, though he still anxiously harps on the problems it poses for him within his social circle. His aunt, Lady Catherine, later characterises these differences in particularly harsh terms when she conveys what Elizabeth's marriage to Darcy will become, "Will the shades of Pemberley be thus polluted?" Although Elizabeth responds to Lady Catherine's accusations that hers is a potentially contaminating economic and social position (Elizabeth even insists she and Darcy, as gentleman's daughter and gentleman, are "equals"), Lady Catherine refuses to accept the possibility of Darcy's marriage to Elizabeth. However, as the novel closes, "…through curiosity to see how his wife conducted herself", Lady Catherine condescends to visit them at Pemberley.<ref>{{cite book |title=Pride and Pejudice |pages=322–3 |edition=1813|volume=3}}</ref>
The Bingleys present a particular problem for navigating class. Though Caroline Bingley and Mrs Hurst behave and speak of others as if they have always belonged in the upper echelons of society, Austen makes it clear that the Bingley fortunes stem from trade. The fact that Bingley rents Netherfield Hall – it is, after all, "to let" – distinguishes him significantly from Darcy, whose estate belonged to his father's family and through his mother, is the grandson and nephew of an [[earl]]. Bingley, unlike Darcy, does not own his property but has portable and growing wealth that makes him a good catch on the marriage market for poorer daughters of the gentry, like Jane Bennet, or of ambitious merchants. Class plays a central role in the evolution of the characters and Jane Austen's radical approach to class is seen as the plot unfolds.<ref>Michie, Elsie B. "Social Distinction in Jane Austen, ''Pride and Prejudice'', 1813, edited by Donald Gray and Mary A. Favret, fourth Norton critical edition (2016). pp. 370–81.</ref>
An undercurrent of the old [[Anglo-Normans|Anglo-Norman]] upper class is hinted at in the story, as suggested by the names of Fitzwilliam Darcy and his aunt, Lady Catherine de Bourgh; ''[[Fitzwilliam (surname)|Fitzwilliam]]'', ''[[Darcy (surname)|D'Arcy]]'', ''[[De Burgh|de Bourgh]]'' (''[[Burke]]''), and even ''[[Bennet (surname)|Bennet]]'', are traditional Norman surnames.<ref name="Doody2015">{{cite book |last=Doody |first=Margaret |title=Jane Austen's Names: Riddles, Persons, Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VW7_BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA72 |access-date=27 January 2018 |date=14 April 2015 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=9780226196022 |page=72}}</ref>
===Self-knowledge===
Through their interactions and their critiques of each other, Darcy and Elizabeth come to recognise their faults and work to correct them. Elizabeth meditates on her own mistakes thoroughly in chapter 36:
{{quote|"How despicably have I acted!" she cried; "I, who have prided myself on my discernment! I, who have valued myself on my abilities! who have often disdained the generous candour of my sister, and gratified my vanity in useless or blameable distrust. How humiliating is this discovery! yet, how just a humiliation! Had I been in love, I could not have been more wretchedly blind. But vanity, not love, has been my folly. Pleased with the preference of one, and offended by the neglect of the other, on the very beginning of our acquaintance, I have courted prepossession and ignorance, and driven reason away, where either were concerned. Till this moment I never knew myself."<ref>{{cite book |title=Pride and Prejudice |last=Austen |first=Jane |chapter=36 |chapter-url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1342/1342-h/1342-h.htm#link2HCH0036}}</ref>}}
Other characters rarely exhibit this depth of understanding or at least are not given the space within the novel for this sort of development. Tanner writes that Mrs Bennet in particular, "has a very limited view of the requirements of that performance; lacking any introspective tendencies she is incapable of appreciating the feelings of others and is only aware of material objects".<ref>{{cite book |title=Knowledge and Opinion: Pride and Prejudice |last=Tanner |first=Tony |publisher=Macmillan Education Ltd.|year=1986 |isbn=978-0333323175 |page=124 }}</ref> Mrs Bennet's behaviour reflects the society in which she lives, as she knows that her daughters will not succeed if they do not get married. "The business of her life was to get her daughters married: its solace was visiting and news."<ref>{{cite book |title=Pride and Prejudice |last=Austen |first=Jane |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company Inc. |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-393-26488-3 |page=7}}</ref> This shows that Mrs Bennet is only aware of "material objects" and not of her feelings and emotions.<ref>{{cite book |title=Knowledge and Opinion: Pride and Prejudice |last=Tanner |first=Tony |publisher=Macmillan Education Ltd. |year=1986 |isbn=978-0333323175 |page=124 }}</ref> A notable exception is Charlotte Lucas, Elizabeth Bennet's close friend and confidant. She accepts Mr Collins's proposal of marriage once Lizzie rejects him, not out of sentiment but acute awareness of her circumstances as "one of a large family". Charlotte's decision is reflective of her prudent nature and awareness.
==Style==
''Pride and Prejudice'', like most of Austen's works, employs the narrative technique of [[free indirect speech]], which has been defined as "the free representation of a character's speech, by which one means, not words actually spoken by a character, but the words that typify the character's thoughts, or the way the character would think or speak, if she thought or spoke".<ref name="miles">{{cite book|last=Miles|first=Robert|title=Jane Austen|publisher=Northcote House in association with the British Council |location=Tavistock |year=2003|series=Writers and Their Work|isbn=978-0-7463-0876-9}}</ref> Austen creates her characters with fully developed personalities and unique voices. Though Darcy and Elizabeth are very alike, they are also considerably different.<ref>Baker, Amy. "Caught In The Act Of Greatness: Jane Austen's Characterization Of Elizabeth And Darcy By Sentence Structure In ''Pride and Prejudice''." ''Explicator'' 72.3 (2014): 169–178. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 February 2016.</ref> By using narrative that adopts the tone and vocabulary of a particular character (in this case, Elizabeth), Austen invites the reader to follow events from Elizabeth's viewpoint, sharing her prejudices and misapprehensions. "The learning curve, while undergone by both protagonists, is disclosed to us solely through Elizabeth's point of view and her free indirect speech is essential ... for it is through it that we remain caught, if not stuck, within Elizabeth's misprisions."<ref name="miles" /> The few times the reader is allowed to gain further knowledge of another character's feelings, is through the letters exchanged in this novel. Darcy's first letter to Elizabeth is an example of this as through his letter, the reader and Elizabeth are both given knowledge of Wickham's true character. Austen is known to use irony throughout the novel especially from viewpoint of the character of Elizabeth Bennet. She conveys the "oppressive rules of femininity that actually dominate her life and work, and are covered by her beautifully carved trojan horse of ironic distance."<ref name="Ashley Tauchert" /> Beginning with a historical investigation of the development of a particular literary form and then transitioning into empirical verifications, it reveals free indirect discourse as a tool that emerged over time as practical means for addressing the physical distinctness of minds. Seen in this way, free indirect discourse is a distinctly literary response to an environmental concern, providing a scientific justification that does not reduce literature to a mechanical extension of biology, but takes its value to be its own original form.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fletcher|first1= Angus|last2 =Benveniste|first2= Mike|date=Winter 2013|title=A Scientific Justification for Literature: Jane Austen's Free Indirect Style as Ethical Tool|journal=Journal of Narrative Theory|volume=43|number =1|page=13|doi = 10.1353/jnt.2013.0011 |s2cid= 143290360}}</ref>
==Development of the novel==
[[File:Letter from Jane Austen to her sister Cassandra, 1799 June 11. Page 2 (NLA).tiff|thumb|upright=1.20|Page 2 of a letter from [[Jane Austen]] to her sister Cassandra (11 June 1799) in which she first mentions ''Pride and Prejudice'', using its working title ''First Impressions''. [[National Library of Australia|(NLA)]]]]
Austen began writing the novel after staying at [[Goodnestone Park]] in Kent with her brother Edward and his wife in 1796.<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodnestoneparkgardens.co.uk/history-of-goodnestone.php|title=History of Goodnestone|publisher= Goodnestone Park Gardens|access-date=26 August 2010}}</ref> It was originally titled ''First Impressions'', and was written between October 1796 and August 1797.<ref name=LeFaye>{{cite book | author = Le Faye, Deidre | title = Jane Austen: The World of Her Novels| location = New York | publisher = Harry N. Abrams | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-0-8109-3285-2}}</ref> On 1 November 1797 Austen's father sent a letter to London bookseller Thomas Cadell to ask if he had any interest in seeing the manuscript, but the offer was declined by return post.<ref name="Rogers"/> The militia were mobilised after the French declaration of war on Britain in February 1793, and there was initially a lack of barracks for all the militia regiments, requiring the militia to set up huge camps in the countryside, which the novel refers to several times.<ref>Irvine, Robert ''Jane Austen'', London: Routledge, 2005 page 57.</ref> The Brighton camp for which the militia regiment leaves in May after spending the winter in Meryton was opened in August 1793, and the barracks for all the regiments of the militia were completed by 1796, placing the events of the novel between 1793 and 1795.<ref>Irvine, Robert ''Jane Austen'', London: Routledge, 2005, pp. 56–57.</ref>
Austen made significant revisions to the manuscript for ''First Impressions'' between 1811 and 1812.<ref name=LeFaye/> As nothing remains of the original manuscript, we are reduced to conjecture. From the large number of letters in the final novel, it is assumed that ''First Impressions'' was an [[epistolary novel]].<ref>This theory is defended in "Character and Caricature in Jane Austen" by DW Harding in ''Critical Essays on Jane Austen'' (BC Southam Edition, London 1968) and Brian Southam in {{cite book|last1=Southam|first1=B.C.|title=Jane Austen's literary manuscripts : a study of the novelist's development through the surviving papers|date=2001|publisher=the Athlone press / Continuum |location=London |isbn=9780826490704 |pages=58–59|edition= New}}</ref> She later renamed the story ''Pride and Prejudice'' around 1811/1812, when she sold the rights to publish the manuscript to [[Thomas Egerton (publisher)|Thomas Egerton]] for £110<ref>{{cite book|last =Irvine|first= Robert|title=Jane Austen|location=London|publisher = Routledge|isbn = 978-0-415-31435-0 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=n0LmV_Rcb3QC&pg=PA56|date= 2005| page= 56}}</ref> ({{Inflation|UK|110|1812|fmt=eq|cursign=£|r=-2}}). In renaming the novel, Austen probably had in mind the "sufferings and oppositions" summarised in the final chapter of [[Fanny Burney]]'s ''[[Cecilia (Burney novel)|Cecilia]]'', called "Pride and Prejudice", where the phrase appears three times in block capitals.<ref name="Pinion" /> It is possible that the novel's original title was altered to avoid confusion with other works. In the years between the completion of ''First Impressions'' and its revision into ''Pride and Prejudice'', two other works had been published under that name: a novel by [[Margaret Holford]] and a comedy by [[Horace Smith (poet)|Horace Smith]].<ref name="Rogers" />
==Publication history==
[[File:Brock Pride and Prejudice.jpg|thumb|Title page of a 1907 edition illustrated by [[C. E. Brock]]]]
Austen sold the copyright for the novel to Thomas Egerton from the Military Library, Whitehall in exchange for £110 (Austen had asked for £150).<ref name=OWC>{{cite book |last=Stafford |first=Fiona |chapter=Notes on the Text |title=Pride and Prejudice |series=Oxford World's Classics (ed. James Kinley) |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-280238-5}}</ref> This proved a costly decision. Austen had published ''[[Sense and Sensibility]]'' on a [[Commission (art)|commission]] basis, whereby she [[indemnity|indemnified]] the publisher against any losses and received any profits, less costs and the publisher's commission. Unaware that ''Sense and Sensibility'' would sell out its edition, making her £140,<ref name="Rogers">{{cite book |editor-last=Rogers |editor-first=Pat |title=The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-521-82514-6}}</ref> she passed the copyright to Egerton for a one-off payment, meaning that all the risk (and all the profits) would be his. Jan Fergus has calculated that Egerton subsequently made around £450 from just the first two editions of the book.<ref name="Fergus">{{cite book |last=Fergus |first=Jan |title=The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen |editor-last1=Copeland |editor-first1=E. |editor-last2=McMaster |editor-first2=J. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |chapter=The professional woman writer |isbn=978-0-521-49867-8}}</ref>
Egerton published the first edition of ''Pride and Prejudice'' in three hardcover volumes on 28 January 1813.<ref>{{cite news |title= Anniversaries of 2013 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9770133/Anniversaries-of-2013.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231203151/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9770133/Anniversaries-of-2013.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 December 2012 |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |date=28 December 2012|last = Howse|first = Christopher}}</ref> It was advertised in ''[[The Morning Chronicle]]'', priced at 18s.<ref name=LeFaye /> Favourable reviews saw this edition sold out, with a second edition published in October that year. A third edition was published in 1817.<ref name=OWC />
Foreign language translations first appeared in 1813 in French; subsequent translations were published in German, Danish, and Swedish.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Valérie |last1=Cossy |first2=Diego |last2=Saglia |title=Translations |work=Jane Austen in Context |editor1-last=Todd |editor1-first=Janet | editor1-link = Janet Todd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-521-82644-0}}</ref> ''Pride and Prejudice'' was first published in the United States in August 1832 as ''Elizabeth Bennet or, Pride and Prejudice''.<ref name=OWC/> The novel was also included in [[Richard Bentley (publisher)|Richard Bentley]]'s Standard Novel series in 1833. R. W. Chapman's scholarly edition of ''Pride and Prejudice'', first published in 1923, has become the standard edition on which many modern published versions of the novel are based.<ref name=OWC/>
The novel was originally published anonymously, as were all of Austen's novels. However, whereas her first published novel, ''Sense and Sensibility'' was presented as being written "by a Lady," ''Pride and Prejudice'' was attributed to "the Author of ''Sense and Sensibility''". This began to consolidate a conception of Austen as an author, albeit anonymously. Her subsequent novels were similarly attributed to the anonymous author of all her then-published works.
==Reception==
{{Main|Reception history of Jane Austen}}
===At first publication===
The novel was well received, with three favourable reviews in the first months following publication.<ref name="Fergus" /> [[Anne Isabella Milbanke]], later to be the wife of [[Lord Byron]], called it "the fashionable novel".<ref name="Fergus" /> Noted critic and reviewer [[George Henry Lewes]] declared that he "would rather have written ''Pride and Prejudice'', or ''[[The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling|Tom Jones]]'', than any of the [[Waverley Novels]]".<ref name="Southam">{{cite book |editor-last=Southam |editor-first=B.C. |title=Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=1995 |volume=1 |isbn=978-0-415-13456-9}}</ref>
[[Charlotte Brontë]], however, in a letter to Lewes, wrote that ''Pride and Prejudice'' was a disappointment, "a carefully fenced, highly cultivated garden, with neat borders and delicate flowers; but ... no open country, no fresh air, no blue hill, no bonny beck".<ref name="Southam" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Barker |first1=Juliet |title=The Brontës: a life in letters |others=Barker, Juliet R.V. |location=London |year=2016 |edition=2016 |oclc=926822509 |isbn=978-1408708316}}</ref>
Austen for her part thought the "playfulness and epigrammaticism" of ''Pride and Prejudice'' was excessive, complaining in a letter to her sister Cassandra in 1813 that the novel lacked "shade" and should have had a chapter "of solemn specious nonsense, about something unconnected with the story; an essay on writing, a critique on Walter Scott or the history of Buonaparté".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Claudia L. |author-link1=Claudia L. Johnson |title=Jane Austen: Women, Politics, and the Novel |date=1988 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226401393 |page=73}}</ref>
[[Walter Scott]] wrote in his journal, "Read again and for the third time at least, Miss Austen's very finely written novel of Pride and Prejudice."<ref>{{cite book |title=The journal of Sir Walter Scott |last=Scott |first=Walter |date=1998 |publisher=Canongate |others=Anderson, W.E.K. |isbn=0862418283 |location=Edinburgh |oclc=40905767 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofsirwalt0000scot_x1l6}}</ref>
===20th century===
{{Quote box
| width = 25em
| border = 1px
| align = right
| fontsize = 85%
| salign = right
| quote = <poem>
You could not shock her more than she shocks me,
Beside her [[James Joyce|Joyce]] seems innocent as grass.
It makes me most uncomfortable to see
An English spinster of the middle class
Describe the amorous effects of 'brass',
Reveal so frankly and with such sobriety
The economic basis of society.
</poem>
[[W. H. Auden]] (1937) on Austen<ref name="Southam" />
}}
The American scholar [[Claudia L. Johnson]] defended the novel from the criticism that it has an unrealistic fairy-tale quality.<ref name="Johnson, Claudia page 74">Johnson (1988) p.74</ref> One critic, [[Mary Poovey]], wrote that the "romantic conclusion" of ''Pride and Prejudice'' is an attempt to hedge the conflict between the "individualistic perspective inherent in the bourgeois value system ''and'' the authoritarian hierarchy retained from traditional, paternalistic society".<ref name="Johnson, Claudia page 74"/> Johnson wrote that Austen's view of a power structure capable of reformation was not an "escape" from conflict.<ref name="Johnson, Claudia page 74"/> Johnson wrote the "outrageous unconventionality" of Elizabeth Bennet was in Austen's own time very daring, especially given the strict censorship that was imposed in Britain by the Prime Minister, William Pitt, in the 1790s when Austen wrote ''Pride and Prejudice''.<ref name="Johnson, Claudia page 74"/>
===21st century===
* In 2003 the BBC conducted a poll for the "[[The Big Read|UK's Best-Loved Book]]" in which ''Pride and Prejudice'' came second, behind ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100.shtml |title=BBC – The Big Read – Top 100 Books |date=May 2003 |access-date=12 May 2008}}</ref>
* In a 2008 survey of more than 15,000 Australian readers, ''Pride and Prejudice'' came first in a list of the 101 best books ever written.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=182&ContentID=59459 |title=Aussie readers vote Pride and Prejudice best book |publisher=thewest.com.au |access-date=24 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529172315/http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=182&ContentID=59459 |archive-date=29 May 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* The 200th anniversary of ''Pride and Prejudice'' on 28 January 2013 was celebrated around the globe by media networks such as the ''[[Huffington Post]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', and ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', among others.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/28/200th-anniversary-of-pride-prejudice_n_2563806.html|title=200th Anniversary of ''Pride And Prejudice'': A HuffPost Books Austenganza|newspaper=The Huffington Post|date=2013-01-28}}</ref><ref name="Schuessler">{{cite news |url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/28/austen-fans-to-celebrate-200-years-of-pride-and-prejudice/?_r=0 |title=Austen Fans to Celebrate 200 Years of ''Pride and Prejudice''|first1=Jennifer |last1=Schuessler |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 January 2013 |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturevideo/booksvideo/9830981/Jane-Austen-celebrated-on-200th-anniversary-of-Pride-and-Prejudice-publication.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129054232/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturevideo/booksvideo/9830981/Jane-Austen-celebrated-on-200th-anniversary-of-Pride-and-Prejudice-publication.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2013|title=Video: Jane Austen celebrated on 200th anniversary of Pride and Prejudice publication|date=28 January 2013|work=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/pride-prejudice-200th-anniversary-18339770|title='Pride and Prejudice' 200th Anniversary|author=ABC News|work=ABC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url =http://www.queensbridgepublishing.com/p/prideandprejudicebyjaneausten.html|title=Queensbridge Publishing: Pride and Prejudice 200th Anniversary Edition by Jane Austen|work=queensbridgepublishing.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.ted.com/2013/01/28/talks-to-celebrate-the-200th-anniversary-of-pride-and-prejudice/|title=Talks to celebrate the 200th anniversary of ''Pride and Prejudice'' |work= TED Blog|author = Kate Torgovnick May|date=28 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/01/28/qa-as-pride-and-prejudice-turns-200-austenland-emerges-as-a-sundance-hit/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|title=Happy 200th Birthday, Pride & Prejudice...and Happy Sundance, Too: The writer/director of the Sundance hit 'Austenland' talks to ''TIME'' about why we still love Mr. Darcy centuries years later |first1=Lily |last1=Rothman |date=28 January 2013|access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref>
* ''Pride and Prejudice'' is one of Five Books most recommended books with philosophers, literary scholars, authors and journalists citing it as an influential text.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fivebooks.com/book/pride-and-prejudice-by-jane-austen/|title=Pride and Prejudice {{!}} Five Books Expert Recommendations|last=Books|first=Five|website=Five Books|language=en|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
==Adaptations==
===Film, television and theatre===
{{See also|Jane Austen in popular culture#Pride and Prejudice (1813)|l1=Jane Austen in popular culture – Pride and Prejudice}}
Numerous screen adaptations have contributed in popularising ''Pride and Prejudice''.<ref name="fullerton">{{Cite book|last=Fullerton|first=Susannah|author-link=Susannah Fullerton|url=https://archive.org/details/happilyeverafter0000full|url-access=registration|title=Happily Ever After: Celebrating Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice|date=2013|publisher=[[Frances Lincoln Publishers]]|isbn=978-0711233744|oclc=1310745594}}</ref> The first television adaptation of the novel, written by [[Michael Barry (television producer)|Michael Barry]], was produced in 1938 by the [[BBC]]. It is a [[lost television broadcast]].<ref name="fullerton" /> Some of the notable film versions include [[Pride and Prejudice (1940 film)|the 1940 Academy Award-winning film]], starring [[Greer Garson]] and [[Laurence Olivier]]<ref>{{IMDb title | id = 0032943 | title = Pride and Prejudice (1940) }}</ref> (based in part on Helen Jerome's 1936 stage adaptation) and [[Pride & Prejudice (2005 film)|that of 2005]], starring [[Keira Knightley]] (an Oscar-nominated performance) and [[Matthew Macfadyen]].<ref>{{IMDb title | id = 0414387 | title = Pride and Prejudice (2005) }}</ref> Notable television versions include two by the [[BBC]]: a [[Pride and Prejudice (1980 TV series)|1980 version]] starring [[Elizabeth Garvie]] and [[David Rintoul]] and the popular [[Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series)|1995 version]], starring [[Jennifer Ehle]] and [[Colin Firth]]. This also includes ''[[Bride and Prejudice]]'' and ''[[Trishna (TV series)|Trishna]]'' (1985 Hindi TV Series).
A 1936 stage version was created by Helen Jerome played at the [[St James's Theatre]] in London, starring [[Celia Johnson]] and [[Hugh Williams]]. ''[[First Impressions (musical)|First Impressions]]'' was a 1959 Broadway musical version starring [[Polly Bergen]], [[Farley Granger]], and [[Hermione Gingold]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://janeaustensworld.wordpress.com/2008/11/06/first-impressions-a-pride-and-prejudice-broadway-musical-that-failed-in-the-1958-1959-season/ |title=''First Impressions'' the Broadway Musical |publisher=Janeaustensworld.wordpress.com |date=6 November 2008 |access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref> In 1995, a musical concept album was written by [[Bernard J. Taylor]], with Claire Moore in the role of Elizabeth Bennet and Peter Karrie in the role of Mr Darcy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bernardjtaylor.com/PridePrejudice/pp.html |title=''Pride and Prejudice'' (1995) |publisher=Bernardjtaylor.com |access-date=27 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207085359/http://www.bernardjtaylor.com/PridePrejudice/pp.html |archive-date=7 February 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> A new stage production, ''Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, The New Musical'', was presented in concert on 21 October 2008 in [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], New York, with Colin Donnell as Darcy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prideandprejudicemusical.com/|title=PRIDE AND PREJUDICE, the Musical|work=prideandprejudicemusical.com}}</ref> The Swedish composer [[Daniel Nelson (Swedish composer)|Daniel Nelson]] based his 2011 [[opera]] ''[[Stolthet och fördom]]'' on ''Pride and Prejudice''.<ref>[http://www.composernelson.com/pride-prejudicestolthet-och-fordom/ ''Stolthet och fördom'' / ''Pride and Prejudice'' (2011)], work details</ref>
''[[The Lizzie Bennet Diaries]]'' - which premiered on a dedicated [[YouTube|YouTube channel]] on April 9, 2012,<ref name=LBD1>{{cite web | url = http://www.lizziebennet.com/episode-1-my-name-is-lizzie-bennet/ | work = The Lizzie Bennet Diaries | title = Episode 1: My Name is Lizzie Bennet | access-date = 2013-05-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130525001918/http://www.lizziebennet.com/episode-1-my-name-is-lizzie-bennet/ | archive-date = 25 May 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref> and concluded on March 28, 2013<ref name=LBD100>{{cite web | url = http://www.lizziebennet.com/episode-100-the-end/ | work = The Lizzie Bennet Diaries | title = Episode 100: The End | access-date = 2013-05-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515014329/http://www.lizziebennet.com/episode-100-the-end/ | archive-date = 15 May 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref> - is an Emmy award-winning web-series<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tv.yahoo.com/blogs/emmys/-top-chef--s--last-chance-kitchen----oprah-s-lifeclass---the-nick-app--and--the-lizzie-bennet-diaries--to-receive-interactive-media-emmys-151953269.html|title='Top Chef's' 'Last Chance Kitchen,' 'Oprah's Lifeclass,' the Nick App, and 'The Lizzie Bennet Diaries' to Receive Interactive Media Emmys|date=22 August 2013|work=yahoo.com}}</ref> which recounts the story via [[vlogs]] recorded primarily by the Bennet sisters.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/04/24/pride-and-prejudice-the-web-diary-edition/|title=''Pride and Prejudice'', the Web Diary Edition|date=April 24, 2012|access-date=August 16, 2012|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|first=Heba|last=Hasan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/remember-pride-and-prejudice-its-back-in-vlog-form,73484/|title=Remember ''Pride And Prejudice''? It's back, in vlog form!|date=May 3, 2012|access-date=August 16, 2012|work=[[The A.V. Club]]|first=Genevieve|last=Koski}}</ref> It was created by [[Hank Green]] and [[Bernie Su]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/popcandy/post/2012/05/cute-web-series-the-lizzie-bennet-diaries/1#.T7IZ7J9Yvj-|title=Cute Web series: 'The Lizzie Bennet Diaries'|date=May 4, 2012|access-date=August 16, 2012|work=[[USA Today]]|first=Whitney|last=Matheson|author-link=Whitney Matheson}}</ref>
''[[Fire Island (film)|Fire Island]]'' is a movie written by [[Joel Kim Booster]] that reimagines ''Pride and Prejudice'' as a gay drama set on the quintessential gay vacation destination of [[Fire Island]]. Booster describes the movie "as an unapologetic and modern twist on Jane Austen’s ''Pride and Prejudice''."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Booster |first1=Joel Kim |title=Pride and Prejudice on Fire Island |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/articles/joel-kim-booster-pride-and-prejudice-on-fire-island/ |website=Penguin Random House |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> The movie was released in June 2022 and features a main cast of Asian-American actors.
===Literature===
{{main|List of literary adaptations of Pride and Prejudice}}
The novel has inspired a number of other works that are not direct adaptations. Books inspired by ''Pride and Prejudice'' include the following:
* ''[[Mr. Darcy's Daughters|Mr Darcy's Daughters]]'' and ''The Exploits and Adventures of Miss Alethea Darcy'' by [[Elizabeth Aston]]
* ''[[Darcy's Story]]'' (a best seller) and ''Dialogue with Darcy'' by Janet Aylmer
* ''Pemberley: Or Pride and Prejudice Continued'' and ''An Unequal Marriage: Or Pride and Prejudice Twenty Years Later'' by [[Emma Tennant]]
* ''The Book of Ruth'' by [[Helen Baker (author)|Helen Baker]]
* ''Jane Austen Ruined My Life'' and ''Mr. Darcy Broke My Heart'' by Beth Pattillo
* '' Precipitation – A Continuation of Miss Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice '' by Helen Baker
* ''Searching for Pemberley'' by Mary Simonsen
* ''Mr. Darcy Takes a Wife'' and its sequel ''Darcy & Elizabeth: Nights and Days at Pemberley'' by Linda Berdoll
In [[Gwyn Cready]]'s comedic romance novel, ''Seducing Mr Darcy'', the heroine lands in ''Pride and Prejudice'' by way of magic massage, has a fling with Darcy and unknowingly changes the rest of the story.
[[Abigail Reynolds (writer)|Abigail Reynolds]] is the author of seven Regency-set variations on ''Pride and Prejudice''. Her Pemberley Variations series includes ''Mr Darcy's Obsession'', ''To Conquer Mr Darcy'', ''What Would Mr Darcy Do'' and ''Mr Fitzwilliam Darcy: The Last Man in the World''. Her modern adaptation, ''The Man Who Loved Pride and Prejudice'', is set on Cape Cod.<ref>{{cite web|title=Abigail Reynolds Author Page|website = Amazon|url=https://www.amazon.com/Abigail-Reynolds/e/B001JRZP8K/ref=sr_tc_2_0?qid=1343412301&sr=1-2-ent|access-date=27 July 2012}}</ref>
Bella Breen is the author of nine variations on ''Pride and Prejudice''. ''Pride and Prejudice and Poison'', ''Four Months to Wed'', ''Forced to Marry'' and ''The Rescue of Elizabeth Bennet''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bella Breen Author Page|website=Amazon|url=https://www.amazon.com/Bella-Breen/e/B07G14KXL7}}</ref>
Helen Fielding's 1996 novel ''[[Bridget Jones's Diary (novel)|Bridget Jones's Diary]]'' is also based on ''Pride and Prejudice''; the [[Bridget Jones's Diary (film)|feature film of Fielding's work]], released in 2001, stars [[Colin Firth]], who had played Mr Darcy in the successful 1990s TV adaptation.
In March 2009, [[Seth Grahame-Smith]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice and Zombies]]'' takes Austen's work and [[mashup (book)|mashes]] it up with [[zombie (fictional)|zombie]] hordes, [[cannibalism]], [[ninja]] and ultraviolent mayhem.<ref>{{cite news |last=Grossman |first=Lev |title=Pride and Prejudice, Now with Zombies |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]|url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1889075,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404014528/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1889075,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 April 2009 |date=April 2009 |access-date=26 April 2009}}</ref> In March 2010, Quirk Books published a prequel by [[Steve Hockensmith]] that deals with Elizabeth Bennet's early days as a zombie hunter, ''[[Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: Dawn of the Dreadfuls]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quirkclassics.com |title=Quirkclassics.com |publisher=Quirkclassics.com |access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref> The [[Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (film)|2016 film]] of Grahame-Smith's adaptation was released starring [[Lily James]], [[Sam Riley]] and [[Matt Smith (actor)|Matt Smith]].
In 2011, author [[Mitzi Szereto]] expanded on the novel in ''Pride and Prejudice: Hidden Lusts'', a historical sex parody that parallels the original plot and writing style of Jane Austen.
Marvel has also published their take on this classic by releasing a short comic series of five issues that stays true to the original storyline. The first issue was published on 1 April 2009 and was written by Nancy Hajeski.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marvel.com/catalog/?writer=Nancy%20Hajeski |title=Marvel.com |publisher=Marvel.com |access-date=27 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724063422/http://marvel.com/catalog/?writer=Nancy%20Hajeski |archive-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> It was published as a graphic novel in 2010 with artwork by Hugo Petrus.
[[Pamela Aidan]] is the author of a trilogy of books telling the story of ''Pride and Prejudice'' from Mr Darcy's point of view: ''[[Fitzwilliam Darcy, Gentleman]]''. The books are ''An Assembly Such as This'',<ref>{{cite book | author-link = Pamela Aidan | first = Pamela | last = Aidan | title = An Assembly Such as This | isbn = 978-0-7432-9134-7 | publisher = Touchstone | date = 2006 | url = https://archive.org/details/assemblysuchasth00aida }}</ref> ''Duty and Desire''<ref>{{cite book | author-link = Pamela Aidan | first = Pamela | last = Aidan | title = Duty and Desire | isbn = 978-0-9728529-1-3 | publisher = Wytherngate Press | date = 2004 | url = https://archive.org/details/dutydesirebook20000aida }}</ref> and ''These Three Remain''.<ref>{{cite book | author-link = Pamela Aidan | first = Pamela | last = Aidan | title = These Three Remain | isbn = 978-0-7432-9137-8 | publisher = Simon and Schuster | date = 2007 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/thesethreeremain00aidarich }}</ref>
Detective novel author [[P. D. James]] has written a book titled ''[[Death Comes to Pemberley]]'', which is a murder mystery set six years after Elizabeth and Darcy's marriage.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hislop |first=Victoria |title=Death Comes to Pemberley: Amazon.co.uk: Baroness P. D. James: 9780571283576: Books |id= {{ASIN|0571283578|country=uk}} }}</ref>
[[Sandra Lerner]]'s sequel to ''Pride and Prejudice'', ''Second Impressions'', develops the story and imagined what might have happened to the original novel's characters. It is written in the style of Austen after extensive research into the period and language and published in 2011 under the [[pen name]] of Ava Farmer.<ref name=Farmer>{{cite book|last=Farmer|first=Ava|title=Second Impressions|date=2011|publisher=Chawton House Press|location=Chawton, Hampshire, England|isbn=978-1613647509}}</ref>
[[Jo Baker (novelist)|Jo Baker]]'s bestselling 2013 novel ''[[Longbourn]]'' imagines the lives of the servants of ''Pride and Prejudice''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baker |first1=Jo |title=Longbourn |isbn=978-0385351232 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |date=8 October 2013 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780385351232 }}</ref> A cinematic adaptation of ''Longbourn'' was due to start filming in late 2018, directed by [[Sharon Maguire]], who also directed ''[[Bridget Jones's Diary (film)|Bridget Jones's Diary]]'' and ''[[Bridget Jones's Baby]]'', screenplay by [[Jessica Swale]], produced by Random House Films and StudioCanal.<ref name="thebookseller.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/new-direction-jo-baker-literary-suspense-body-lies-869706#|title=New direction for 'literary chameleon' Jo Baker to Transworld - The Bookseller|website=www.thebookseller.com}}</ref> The novel was also adapted for radio, appearing on BBC Radio 4's ''Book at Bedtime'', abridged by Sara Davies and read by [[Sophie Thompson]]. It was first broadcast in May 2014; and again on Radio 4 Extra in September 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b045q086|title=Jo Baker - Longbourn, Book at Bedtime - BBC Radio 4|website=BBC}}</ref>
In the novel ''[[Eligible (novel)|Eligible]]'', [[Curtis Sittenfeld]] sets the characters of ''Pride and Prejudice'' in modern-day Cincinnati, where the Bennet parents, erstwhile Cincinnati social climbers, have fallen on hard times. Elizabeth, a successful and independent New York journalist, and her single older sister Jane must intervene to salvage the family's financial situation and get their unemployed adult sisters to move out of the house and onward in life. In the process they encounter Chip Bingley, a young doctor and reluctant reality TV celebrity, and his medical school classmate, Fitzwilliam Darcy, a cynical neurosurgeon.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sittenfeld |first1=Curtis| title=Eligible|isbn=978-1400068326 |publisher=Random House |date=19 April 2016 }}</ref>
''Pride and Prejudice'' has also inspired works of scientific writing. In 2010, scientists named a pheromone identified in male mouse urine ''darcin'',<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Roberts|first1=Sarah A.|last2=Simpson|first2=Deborah M.|last3=Armstrong|first3=Stuart D.|last4=Davidson|first4=Amanda J.|last5=Robertson|first5=Duncan H.|last6=McLean|first6=Lynn|last7=Beynon|first7=Robert J.|last8=Hurst|first8=Jane L.|date=1 January 2010|title=Darcin: a male pheromone that stimulates female memory and sexual attraction to an individual male's odour|journal=BMC Biology|volume=8|page=75|doi=10.1186/1741-7007-8-75|issn=1741-7007|pmc=2890510|pmid=20525243}}</ref> after Mr Darcy, because it strongly attracted females. In 2016, a scientific paper published in the ''[[Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease]]'' speculated that Mrs Bennet may have been a carrier of a rare genetic disease, explaining why the Bennets didn't have any sons, and why some of the Bennet sisters are so silly.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stern|first=William|date=1 March 2016|title=Pride and protein|journal=Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease|volume=39|issue=2|pages=321–324|doi=10.1007/s10545-015-9908-7|issn=1573-2665|pmid=26743057|s2cid=24476197}}</ref>
In summer 2014, Udon Entertainment's Manga Classics line published a manga adaptation of ''Pride and Prejudice''.<ref>Manga Classics: Pride and Prejudice (2014) UDON Entertainment {{ISBN|978-1927925188}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==External links==
{{Wikisource-multi|Pride and Prejudice}}
{{wikiquote|Pride and Prejudice}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Pride and Prejudice|''Pride and Prejudice''}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/jane-austen/pride-and-prejudice}}
* {{Gutenberg|no=42671|name=Pride and Prejudice (Chapman edition)}}
* {{librivox book | title=Pride and Prejudice | author=Jane Austen}}
* [http://www.bl.uk/people/jane-austen Digital resources relating to Jane Austen] from the British Library's Discovering Literature website
{{Pride and Prejudice}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pride And Prejudice}}
[[Category:Pride and Prejudice| ]]
[[Category:1813 British novels]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:Novels by Jane Austen]]
[[Category:Novels set in Hertfordshire]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into plays]]
[[Category:Novels adapted into operas]]
[[Category:Novels adapted into comics]]
[[Category:Novels about nobility]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into television shows]]
[[Category:Love stories]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | 'Prejudice my arse
==Plot summary==
[[File:PrideandPrejudiceCH3.jpg|thumb|Mr. Darcy says Elizabeth is "not handsome enough to tempt him" to dance. (Artist: [[C.E. Brock]], 1895)]]
In the early 19th century, the [[Bennet family]] live at their Longbourn estate, situated near the village of Meryton in [[Hertfordshire]], England. Mrs. Bennet's greatest desire is to marry off her five daughters in order to secure their futures. The arrival of Mr. Bingley, a rich bachelor who rents the neighbouring Netherfield estate, gives her hope that one of her daughters might contract an advantageous marriage, because "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife".
At a ball, the family is introduced to the Netherfield party, including Mr. Bingley, his two sisters and [[Mr. Darcy]], his dearest friend. Mr. Bingley's friendly and cheerful manner earns him popularity among the guests. He appears interested in Jane, the eldest Bennet daughter. Mr. Darcy, reputed to be twice as wealthy as Mr Bingley, is haughty and aloof, causing a decided dislike of him. He declines to dance with [[Elizabeth Bennet|Elizabeth]], the second-eldest Bennet daughter, as she is "not handsome enough". Although she jokes about it with her friend, Elizabeth is deeply offended. Despite this first impression, Mr. Darcy secretly begins to find himself drawn to Elizabeth as they continue to encounter each other at social events, appreciating her wit and frankness.
[[Mr. William Collins|Mr. Collins]], the heir to the Longbourn estate, visits the Bennet family with the intention of finding a wife among the five girls under the advice of his patroness [[Lady Catherine de Bourgh]], also revealed to be Mr. Darcy's aunt. He decides to pursue Elizabeth. The Bennet family meet the charming army officer [[George Wickham]], who tells Elizabeth in confidence Mr. Darcy's horrible past actions in his regards. Elizabeth, blinded by her prejudice toward Mr. Darcy, believes him.
Elizabeth dances with Mr. Darcy at a ball, where Mrs. Bennet hints loudly that she expects Jane and Bingley to become engaged. Elizabeth rejects Mr. Collins' marriage proposal, to her mother's fury and her father's relief. Mr. Collins instead proposes to Charlotte Lucas, a friend of Elizabeth. Having heard Mrs. Bennet's words at the ball and disapproving of the marriage, Mr. Darcy joins Mr. Bingley in a trip to London and, with the help of his sisters, convinces him not to return to Netherfield. A heartbroken Jane visits her Aunt and Uncle Gardiner in London to raise her spirits, while Elizabeth's hatred for Mr. Darcy grows as she suspects he was responsible for Mr Bingley's departure.
[[File:Pickering - Greatbatch - Jane Austen - Pride and Prejudice - She then told him what Mr. Darcy had voluntarily done for Lydia.jpg|thumb|left|
Elizabeth tells her father that Darcy was responsible for uniting Lydia and Wickham, in one of the two earliest illustrations of ''Pride and Prejudice''.<ref>[[Janet M. Todd]] (2005), [https://books.google.com/books?id=TVcNgW5uH5oC&pg=PA127 Books.Google.com], Jane Austen in Context, [[Cambridge University Press]] p. 127</ref> The clothing styles reflect the time the illustration was engraved (the 1830s), not the time in which the novel was written or set.]]
In the spring, Elizabeth visits Charlotte and Mr. Collins in [[Kent]]. Elizabeth and her hosts are invited to Rosings Park, Lady Catherine's home. Mr. Darcy and his cousin, Colonel Fitzwilliam, are also visiting Rosings Park. Fitzwilliam tells Elizabeth how Mr. Darcy recently saved a friend, presumably Bingley, from an undesirable match. Elizabeth realises that the prevented engagement was to Jane. Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, declaring his love for her despite her low social connections. She is shocked, as she was unaware of Mr. Darcy's interest, and rejects him angrily, saying that he is the last person she would ever marry and that she could never love a man who caused her sister such unhappiness; she further accuses him of treating Wickham unjustly. Mr. Darcy brags about his success in separating Bingley and Jane and sarcastically dismisses the accusation regarding Wickham without addressing it.
Mr. Darcy gives Elizabeth a letter, explaining that Wickham, the son of his late father's steward, had refused the "[[benefice#Church_of_England|living]]" his father had arranged for him and was instead given money for it. Wickham quickly squandered the money and tried to elope with Darcy's 15-year-old sister, Georgiana, for her considerable [[dowry]]. Mr. Darcy also writes that he separated Jane and Bingley because he believed her indifferent to Bingley and because of the lack of propriety displayed by her family. Elizabeth is ashamed by her family's behaviour and her own prejudice against Mr. Darcy.
Months later, Elizabeth accompanies the Gardiners on a tour of [[Derbyshire]]. They visit [[Pemberley]], Darcy's estate. When Mr. Darcy returns unexpectedly, he is exceedingly gracious with Elizabeth and the Gardiners. Elizabeth is surprised by Darcy's behaviour and grows fond of him, even coming to regret rejecting his proposal. She receives news that her sister Lydia has run off with Wickham. She tells Mr. Darcy, then departs in haste. After an agonising interim, Wickham agrees to marry Lydia. She visits the family and tells Elizabeth that Mr. Darcy was at her wedding. Though Mr. Darcy had sworn everyone involved to secrecy, Mrs. Gardiner now feels obliged to inform Elizabeth that he secured the match, at great expense and trouble to himself.
Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy return to Netherfield. Jane accepts Mr. Bingley's proposal. Lady Catherine, having heard rumours that Elizabeth intends to marry Mr. Darcy, visits her and demands she promise never to accept Mr. Darcy's proposal, as she and Darcy's late mother had already planned his marriage to her daughter Anne. Elizabeth refuses and asks the outraged Lady Catherine to leave. Darcy, heartened by his aunt's indignant relaying of Elizabeth's response, again proposes to her and is accepted.
== Characters ==
[[File:Scenes from Pride and Prejudice.png|thumb|Scenes from ''Pride and Prejudice'', by [[C. E. Brock]] (c. 1885)]]
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:330px; float:right; margin:1em;"
|-
! Character genealogy
|-
| style="vertical-align:top; font-size:75%; text-align:right; width:350px;"|
{{tree chart/start}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | MRH |MRH=Mr Hurst}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | |:|}}
{{tree chart | | | | | |,| MRSH |MRSH=Mrs Louisa Hurst}}
{{tree chart | | | MRP |!| | MRP=Mr Philips}}
{{tree chart | | | |:| |)| CB |CB=Caroline Bingley}}
{{tree chart | |,| MRSP |!|MRSP=Mrs Philips}}
{{tree chart | |!| | | |`| MRB | MRB=Mr Charles Bingley}}
{{tree chart | |!| MRSG | | |:|MRSG=Mrs Gardiner}}
{{tree chart | |!| |:| |,| JB |JB=Jane Bennet}}
{{tree chart | |)| MRG |!|MRG=Mr Edward Gardiner}}
{{tree chart | |!| | | |)| EB |EB='''[[Elizabeth Bennet]]'''}}
{{tree chart | |`| MRSB |!| |L|~|7|MRSB=Mrs Bennet}}
{{tree chart | | | |d|-|+| MB |:|MB=Mary Bennet}}
{{tree chart | |F| MRB |!| | | |:|MRB=Mr Bennet}}
{{tree chart | |:| | | |)| KB |:|KB=Catherine "Kitty" Bennet}}
{{tree chart | |L| MC |!| | | |:|MC=Mr William Collins}}
{{tree chart | | | |:| |`| LB |:|LB=Lydia Bennet}}
{{tree chart | | | CL| | |:| |:| CL=Charlotte Lucas}}
{{tree chart | | | | | |F| GW |:|GW=Mr George Wickham}}
{{tree chart | | | | | |:| |F|~|J|}}
{{tree chart | | | MRD |)| FD |MRD=(Old) Mr Darcy |FD='''Mr [[Fitzwilliam Darcy]]'''}}
{{tree chart | | | |d|-|(|}}
{{tree chart | |,| LA |`| GD |LA=Lady Anne Darcy |GD=Georgiana Darcy}}
{{tree chart | |!| }}
{{tree chart | |)| LCDB |-| ADB |LCDB=Lady Catherine de Bourgh|ADB=Anne de Bourgh}}
{{tree chart | |!| }}
{{tree chart | |`| B |-| CF |B=Earl of Matlock|CF=Colonel Fitzwilliam}}
{{tree chart | | | }}
{{tree chart/end}}
|}
[[File:Thomson-PP14.jpg|thumb|Elizabeth and Mr Darcy by [[Hugh Thomson]], 1894]]
* '''[[Elizabeth Bennet]]''' – the second-eldest of the Bennet daughters, she is attractive, witty and intelligent – but with a tendency to form tenacious and prejudiced first impressions. As the story progresses, so does her relationship with Mr Darcy. The course of Elizabeth and Darcy's relationship is ultimately decided when Darcy overcomes his pride, and Elizabeth overcomes her prejudice, leading them both to surrender to their love for each other.
* '''[[Mr. Darcy|Mr Fitzwilliam Darcy]]''' – Mr Bingley's friend and the wealthy owner of the family estate of [[Pemberley]] in [[Derbyshire]], rumoured to be worth at least £10,000 a year. While he is handsome, tall, and intelligent, Darcy lacks ease and [[social graces]], and so others frequently mistake his initially haughty reserve as proof of excessive pride (which, in part, it is). A new visitor to the village, he is ultimately Elizabeth Bennet's love interest. Though he appears to be proud and is largely disliked by people for this reason, his servants vouch for his kindness and decency.
* '''[[Mr Bennet]]''' – A logical and reasonable late-middle-aged [[Landed gentry|landed]] [[gentry|gentleman]] of a more modest income of £2000 per annum, and the dryly sarcastic [[patriarchy|patriarch]] of the now-dwindling [[Bennet family]] (a family of [[Hertfordshire]] landed gentry), with five unmarried daughters. His estate, Longbourn, is [[Fee tail|entailed]] to the male line. His affection for his wife wore off early in their marriage and is now reduced to mere toleration. He is often described as 'indolent' in the novel.
* '''[[Bennet family#Mrs. Bennet|Mrs Bennet]] ({{nee|Gardiner}})''' – the middle-aged wife of her social superior, Mr Bennet, and the mother of their five daughters (Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Catherine and Lydia). Mrs Bennet is a [[hypochondriac]] who imagines herself susceptible to attacks of tremors and palpitations (her "poor nerves") whenever things are not going her way. Her main ambition in life is to marry her daughters off to wealthy men. Whether or not any such matches will give her daughters happiness is of little concern to her. She was settled a [[dowry]] of £4,000 from her father.
[[File:William Blake Mrs Q 1820 engraving after Francois Huet Villiers The British Museum.jpg|right|thumb|In a letter to Cassandra dated May 1813, Jane Austen describes a picture she saw at a gallery which was a good likeness of "Mrs Bingley" – Jane Bennet. Deirdre Le Faye in ''The World of Her Novels'' suggests that "Portrait of Mrs Q" is the picture Austen was referring to. (pp. 201–203)]]
* '''[[Bennet family#Jane Bennet|Jane Bennet]]''' – the eldest Bennet sister. She is considered the most beautiful young lady in the neighbourhood and is [[Optimism|inclined to see only the good in others]] (but can be persuaded otherwise on sufficient evidence). She falls in love with Charles Bingley, a rich young gentleman recently moved to Hertfordshire and a close friend of Mr Darcy.
* '''[[Bennet family#Mary Bennet|Mary Bennet]]''' – the middle Bennet sister, and the plainest of her siblings. Mary has a serious disposition and mostly reads and plays music, although she is often impatient to display her accomplishments and is rather vain about them. She frequently moralises to her family. According to James Edward Austen-Leigh's ''[[A Memoir of Jane Austen]]'', Mary ended up marrying one of her Uncle Philips' law clerks and moving into Meryton with him.
* '''[[Bennet family#Catherine "Kitty" Bennet|Catherine "Kitty" Bennet]]''' – the fourth Bennet daughter. Though older than Lydia, she is her shadow and follows her in her pursuit of the officers of the militia. She is often portrayed as envious of Lydia and is described as a "silly" young woman. However, it is said that she improved when removed from Lydia's influence. According to James Edward Austen-Leigh's ''A Memoir of Jane Austen'', Kitty later married a clergyman who lived near Pemberley.
* '''[[Lydia Bennet]]''' – the youngest Bennet sister. She is frivolous and headstrong. Her main activity in life is socialising, especially flirting with the officers of the militia. This leads to her running off with George Wickham, although he has no intention of marrying her. Lydia shows no regard for the moral code of her society; as Ashley Tauchert says, she "feels without reasoning".<ref name="Ashley Tauchert">{{cite journal |last=Tauchert |first=Ashley |title=Mary Wollstonecraft and Jane Austen: 'Rape' and 'Love' as (Feminist) Social Realism and Romance|journal=Women |date=2003 |volume=14 |issue=2 |page=144 |doi=10.1080/09574040310107|s2cid=170233564 }}</ref>
* '''Charles Bingley''' – a handsome, amiable, wealthy young gentleman (a ''[[nouveau riche]]'') from the north of England (possibly [[Yorkshire]], as [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]] is mentioned, and there is, in fact, a real-life town called [[Bingley]] in [[West Yorkshire]]), who leases Netherfield Park, an estate three miles from Longbourn, with the hopes of purchasing it. He is contrasted with Mr Darcy for having more generally pleasing manners, although he is reliant on his more experienced friend for advice. An example of this is the prevention of Bingley and Jane's romance because of Bingley's undeniable dependence on Darcy's opinion.<ref>No love for Lydia: The fate of desire in Pride and Prejudice Allen DW 1985.</ref> He lacks resolve and is easily influenced by others; his two sisters, Miss Caroline Bingley and Mrs Louisa Hurst, both disapprove of Bingley's growing affection for Miss Jane Bennet. He inherited a fortune of £100,000.<ref>{{cite book |last=Austen |first=Jane |title=Pride and Prejudice |date=5 August 2010 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=2 |isbn=978-0-19-278986-0}}</ref>
* '''Caroline Bingley''' – the [[Vainglory|vainglorious]], snobbish sister of Charles Bingley, with a fortune of £20,000. Miss Bingley harbours designs upon Mr Darcy, and therefore is jealous of his growing attachment to Elizabeth. She attempts to dissuade Mr Darcy from liking Elizabeth by ridiculing the Bennet family and criticising Elizabeth's comportment. Miss Bingley also disapproves of her brother's esteem for Jane Bennet, and is disdainful of society in Meryton. Her wealth (which she overspends) and her expensive education seem to be the two greatest sources of Miss Bingley's [[vanity]] and [[conceit]]; likewise, she is very insecure about the fact that her and her family's money all comes from trade, and is eager both for her brother to purchase an estate, elevating the Bingleys to the ranks of the gentry, and for herself to marry a landed gentleman (i.e. Mr Darcy). The dynamic between Miss Bingley and her sister, Louisa Hurst, seems to echo that of Lydia and Kitty Bennet's, and Mrs Bennet and Mrs Phillips'; that one is no more than a follower of the other, with Caroline in the same position as Lydia and Mrs Bennet, and Louisa in Kitty's and Mrs Phillips' (though, in Louisa's case, as she is already married, she is not under the same pressure as Caroline). Louisa is married to Mr Hurst, who has a house in [[Grosvenor Square]], London.
* '''[[George Wickham]]''' – Wickham has been acquainted with Mr Darcy since infancy, being the son of Mr Darcy's father's steward. An officer in the militia, he is [[superficially charming]] and rapidly forms an attachment with Elizabeth Bennet. He later runs off with Lydia with no intention of marriage, which would have resulted in her and her family's complete disgrace, but for Darcy's intervention to bribe Wickham to marry her by paying off his immediate debts.
* '''[[Mr William Collins]]''' – Mr Collins is Mr Bennet's distant second cousin, a clergyman, and the current heir presumptive to his estate of Longbourn House. He is an obsequious and pompous man, prone to making long and tedious speeches, who is excessively devoted to his patroness, Lady Catherine de Bourgh.
* '''[[Lady Catherine de Bourgh (character)|Lady Catherine de Bourgh]]''' – the overbearing aunt of Mr Darcy. Lady Catherine is the wealthy owner of Rosings Park, where she resides with her daughter Anne and is fawned upon by her rector, Mr Collins. She is haughty, pompous, domineering, and condescending, and has long planned to marry off her sickly daughter to Darcy, to 'unite their two great estates', claiming it to be the dearest wish of both her and her late sister, Lady Anne Darcy (née Fitzwilliam).
* '''Mr Edward Gardiner and Mrs Gardiner''' – Edward Gardiner is Mrs Bennet's brother and a successful tradesman of sensible and gentlemanly character. Aunt Gardiner is genteel and elegant and is close to her nieces Jane and Elizabeth. The Gardiners are instrumental in bringing about the marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth.
* '''Georgiana Darcy''' – Georgiana is Mr Darcy's quiet, amiable and shy younger sister, with a [[dowry]] of £30,000, and is aged barely 16 when the story begins. When still 15, Miss Darcy almost eloped with Mr Wickham but was saved by her brother, whom she idolises. Thanks to years of tutelage under masters, she is accomplished at the piano, singing, playing the harp, drawing, and modern languages and is therefore described as Caroline Bingley's idea of an "accomplished woman".
* '''Charlotte Lucas''' – Charlotte is Elizabeth's friend who, at 27 years old (and thus beyond what was then considered prime marriageable age), fears becoming a burden to her family and therefore readily agrees to marry Mr Collins to gain financial security, having seized the opportunity to claim his attentions after Elizabeth turns down his proposal. Though the novel stresses the importance of love and understanding in marriage, Austen never seems to condemn Charlotte's decision to marry for security. She uses Charlotte to convey how women of her time would adhere to society's expectation for women to marry even if it is not out of love, but convenience.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Rothman |first1=Joshua |title=On Charlotte Lucas's Choice |url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/on-charlotte-lucass-choice |magazine=The New Yorker |date=7 February 2013 |access-date=13 August 2020 |language=en-us}}</ref> Charlotte is the daughter of Sir William Lucas and Lady Lucas, neighbours of the Bennet family.
* '''Colonel Fitzwilliam''' – Colonel Fitzwilliam is the younger son of an earl and the nephew of Lady Catherine de Bourgh and Lady Anne Darcy; this makes him the cousin of Anne de Bourgh and the Darcy siblings, Fitzwilliam and Georgiana. He is about 30 years old at the beginning of the novel. He is the coguardian of Miss Georgiana Darcy, along with his cousin, Mr Darcy. According to Colonel Fitzwilliam, as a younger son, he cannot marry without thought to his prospective bride's [[dowry]].
{{wide image|Pride_and_Prejudice_Character_Map.svg|600px|Diagram showing relationships among the principal characters of ''Pride and Prejudice''}}
<!-- <div style="text-align: center;">[[File:Pride and Prejudice Character Map.png|center|720px|thumb|A comprehensive web showing the relationships between the main characters in ''Pride and Prejudice'']]</div> -->
{{Clear}}
==Major themes==
Many critics take the title as the start when analysing the themes of ''Pride and Prejudice'' but Robert Fox cautions against reading too much into the title (which was initially ''First Impressions''), because commercial factors may have played a role in its selection. "After the success of ''[[Sense and Sensibility]]'', nothing would have seemed more natural than to bring out another novel of the same author using again the formula of antithesis and alliteration for the title. The qualities of the title are not exclusively assigned to one or the other of the protagonists; both Elizabeth and Darcy display pride and prejudice."<ref name="fox-ncf">{{cite journal |last=Fox |first=Robert C. |title=Elizabeth Bennet: Prejudice or Vanity? |journal=Nineteenth-Century Fiction |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=185–187 |date=September 1962 |jstor=2932520 |doi=10.2307/2932520}}</ref> The phrase "pride and prejudice" had been used over the preceding two centuries by [[Joseph Hall (bishop)|Joseph Hall]], [[Jeremy Taylor]], [[Joseph Addison]] and [[Samuel Johnson]].<ref>{{Cite OED|pride, n.<sup>1</sup>}}</ref><ref name=teltitle>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3558295/How-Pride-And-Prejudice-got-its-name.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3558295/How-Pride-And-Prejudice-got-its-name.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=How Pride And Prejudice got its name |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | first=Gary|last=Dexter|date=10 August 2008| access-date=27 April 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Austen probably took her title from a passage in [[Frances Burney|Fanny Burney]]'s ''[[Cecilia (Burney novel)|Cecilia]]'' (1782), a popular novel she is known to have admired:
{{Quotation|'The whole of this unfortunate business, said Dr Lyster, has been the result of PRIDE and PREJUDICE. […] if to PRIDE and PREJUDICE you owe your miseries, so wonderfully is good and evil balanced, that to PRIDE and PREJUDICE you will also owe their termination.'<ref name=teltitle/><ref name="Burney1782">{{cite book |last=Burney |first=Fanny |title=Cecilia: Or, Memoirs of an Heiress |url=https://archive.org/details/ceciliaormemoir13burngoog |year=1782 |publisher=T. Payne and son and T. Cadell |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ceciliaormemoir13burngoog/page/n384 379]–380}}</ref> (capitalisation as in the original)}}
A theme in much of Austen's work is the importance of environment and upbringing in developing young people's character and morality.<ref name="Pinion">{{cite book |last=Pinion|first=F B |title=A Jane Austen. Companion |publisher=Macmillan |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-333-12489-5}}</ref> Social standing and wealth are not necessarily advantages in her world and a further theme common to Austen's work is ineffectual parents. In ''Pride and Prejudice'', the failure of Mr and Mrs Bennet as parents is blamed for Lydia's lack of moral judgment. Darcy has been taught to be principled and scrupulously honourable but he is also proud and overbearing.<ref name="Pinion" /> Kitty, rescued from Lydia's bad influence and spending more time with her older sisters after they marry, is said to improve greatly in their superior society.<ref>{{cite book |last=Austen|first=Jane |title=Pride and Prejudice, Ch 61}}</ref> The American novelist Anna Quindlen observed in an introduction to an edition of Austen's novel in 1995:
{{Quotation|''Pride and Prejudice'' is also about that thing that all great novels consider, the search for self. And it is the first great novel that teaches us this search is as surely undertaken in the [[drawing room]] making [[small talk]] as in the pursuit of a [[Moby-Dick|great white whale]] or the [[The Scarlet Letter|public punishment of adultery]].<ref name="Intro">{{cite book |contributor-last=Quindlen |contributor-first=Anna |contributor-link=Anna Quindlen |contribution=Introduction |last=Austen |first=Jane |title=Pride and Prejudice |location=New York |publisher=Modern Library |year=1995 |page=vii |isbn=978-0-679-60168-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/northangerabbeyb00aust_1 }}</ref>}}
===Marriage===
The opening line of the novel famously announces: "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife."<ref>{{cite book |last=Austen |first=Jane |title=Pride and Prejudice, Ch 1}}</ref> This sets marriage as a [[Motif (narrative)|motif]] and a problem in the novel. Readers are poised to question whether or not these single men need a wife, or if the need is dictated by the "neighbourhood" families and their daughters who require a "good fortune".
Marriage is a complex social activity that takes political and financial economy into account. In the case of Charlotte Lucas, the seeming success of her marriage lies in the comfortable financial circumstances of their household, while the relationship between Mr and Mrs Bennet serves to illustrate bad marriages based on an initial attraction and surface over substance (economic and psychological). The Bennets' marriage is an example that the youngest Bennet, Lydia, re-enacts with Wickham and the results are far from felicitous. Although the central characters, Elizabeth and Darcy, begin the novel as hostile acquaintances and unlikely friends, they eventually work toward a better understanding of themselves and each other, which frees them to truly fall in love. This does not eliminate the challenges of the real differences in their technically-equivalent social status as gentry and their female relations. It does however provide them with a better understanding of each other's point of view from the different ends of the rather wide scale of differences within that category.
When Elizabeth rejects Darcy's first proposal, the argument of marrying for love is introduced. Elizabeth only accepts Darcy's proposal when she is certain she loves him and her feelings are reciprocated.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gao |first=Haiyan |date=February 2013 |title=Jane Austen's Ideal Man in Pride and Prejudice |journal=Theory and Practice in Language Studies |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=384–388 |doi=10.4304/tpls.3.2.384-388 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Austen's complex sketching of different marriages ultimately allows readers to question what forms of alliance are desirable especially when it comes to privileging economic, sexual, companionate attraction.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Schmidt |first=Katrin |date= 2004|title= The role of marriage in Jane Austen's 'Pride and Prejudice'|type= thesis|publisher=[[University of Münster]] |isbn= 9783638849210 |quote=compare the different kinds of marriages described in the novel }}</ref>
===Wealth===
Money plays a fundamental role in the marriage market, for the young ladies seeking a well-off husband and for men who wish to marry a woman of means. George Wickham tries to elope with Georgiana Darcy, and Colonel Fitzwilliam states that he will marry someone with wealth. Marrying a woman of a rich family also ensured a linkage to a higher-class family, as is visible in the desires of Bingley's sisters to have their brother married to Georgiana Darcy. Mrs Bennet is frequently seen encouraging her daughters to marry a wealthy man of high social class. In chapter 1, when Mr Bingley arrives, she declares "I am thinking of his marrying one of them".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Austen |first1=Jane |title=Pride and Prejudice |date=1813 |page=3}}</ref>
Inheritance was by descent but could be further restricted by [[Fee tail|entailment]], which in the case of the Longbourn estate restricted inheritance to male heirs only. In the case of the Bennet family, Mr Collins was to inherit the family estate upon Mr Bennet's death in the absence of any closer male heirs, and his proposal to Elizabeth would have ensured her security; but she refuses his offer. Inheritance laws benefited males because married women did not have independent legal rights until the second half of the 19th century. For the upper-middle and aristocratic classes, marriage to a man with a reliable income was almost the only route to security for the woman and the children she was to have.<ref name=Chung>{{cite journal|last=Chung|first=Ching-Yi|title=Gender and class oppression in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice|journal=IRWLE|date=July 2013|volume=9|issue=2|url=https://www.academia.edu/2612757}}</ref> The irony of the opening line is that generally within this society it would be a woman who would be looking for a wealthy husband to have a prosperous life.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhattacharyya |first1=Jibesh |title=Jane Austen's Pride and prejudice |date=2005 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788126905492 |page=19 |chapter=A critical analysis of the novel|quote=The irony of the opening sentence is revealed when we find Mrs Bennett needs a single man with a good fortune…for…any one of her five single daughters}}</ref>
===Class===
[[File:LadyCatherine & Elisabeth.jpg|thumb|right|Lady Catherine and Elizabeth by [[C. E. Brock]], 1895]]
[[File:Pickering - Greatbatch - Jane Austen - Pride and Prejudice - This is not to be borne, Miss Bennet.jpg|thumb|Lady Catherine confronts Elizabeth about [[Fitzwilliam Darcy|Darcy]], on the title page of the first illustrated edition. This is the other of the first two illustrations of the novel.]]
Austen might be known now for her "romances" but the marriages in her novels engage with economics and class distinction. ''Pride and Prejudice'' is hardly the exception. When Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, he cites their economic and social differences as an obstacle his excessive love has had to overcome, though he still anxiously harps on the problems it poses for him within his social circle. His aunt, Lady Catherine, later characterises these differences in particularly harsh terms when she conveys what Elizabeth's marriage to Darcy will become, "Will the shades of Pemberley be thus polluted?" Although Elizabeth responds to Lady Catherine's accusations that hers is a potentially contaminating economic and social position (Elizabeth even insists she and Darcy, as gentleman's daughter and gentleman, are "equals"), Lady Catherine refuses to accept the possibility of Darcy's marriage to Elizabeth. However, as the novel closes, "…through curiosity to see how his wife conducted herself", Lady Catherine condescends to visit them at Pemberley.<ref>{{cite book |title=Pride and Pejudice |pages=322–3 |edition=1813|volume=3}}</ref>
The Bingleys present a particular problem for navigating class. Though Caroline Bingley and Mrs Hurst behave and speak of others as if they have always belonged in the upper echelons of society, Austen makes it clear that the Bingley fortunes stem from trade. The fact that Bingley rents Netherfield Hall – it is, after all, "to let" – distinguishes him significantly from Darcy, whose estate belonged to his father's family and through his mother, is the grandson and nephew of an [[earl]]. Bingley, unlike Darcy, does not own his property but has portable and growing wealth that makes him a good catch on the marriage market for poorer daughters of the gentry, like Jane Bennet, or of ambitious merchants. Class plays a central role in the evolution of the characters and Jane Austen's radical approach to class is seen as the plot unfolds.<ref>Michie, Elsie B. "Social Distinction in Jane Austen, ''Pride and Prejudice'', 1813, edited by Donald Gray and Mary A. Favret, fourth Norton critical edition (2016). pp. 370–81.</ref>
An undercurrent of the old [[Anglo-Normans|Anglo-Norman]] upper class is hinted at in the story, as suggested by the names of Fitzwilliam Darcy and his aunt, Lady Catherine de Bourgh; ''[[Fitzwilliam (surname)|Fitzwilliam]]'', ''[[Darcy (surname)|D'Arcy]]'', ''[[De Burgh|de Bourgh]]'' (''[[Burke]]''), and even ''[[Bennet (surname)|Bennet]]'', are traditional Norman surnames.<ref name="Doody2015">{{cite book |last=Doody |first=Margaret |title=Jane Austen's Names: Riddles, Persons, Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VW7_BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA72 |access-date=27 January 2018 |date=14 April 2015 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=9780226196022 |page=72}}</ref>
===Self-knowledge===
Through their interactions and their critiques of each other, Darcy and Elizabeth come to recognise their faults and work to correct them. Elizabeth meditates on her own mistakes thoroughly in chapter 36:
{{quote|"How despicably have I acted!" she cried; "I, who have prided myself on my discernment! I, who have valued myself on my abilities! who have often disdained the generous candour of my sister, and gratified my vanity in useless or blameable distrust. How humiliating is this discovery! yet, how just a humiliation! Had I been in love, I could not have been more wretchedly blind. But vanity, not love, has been my folly. Pleased with the preference of one, and offended by the neglect of the other, on the very beginning of our acquaintance, I have courted prepossession and ignorance, and driven reason away, where either were concerned. Till this moment I never knew myself."<ref>{{cite book |title=Pride and Prejudice |last=Austen |first=Jane |chapter=36 |chapter-url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1342/1342-h/1342-h.htm#link2HCH0036}}</ref>}}
Other characters rarely exhibit this depth of understanding or at least are not given the space within the novel for this sort of development. Tanner writes that Mrs Bennet in particular, "has a very limited view of the requirements of that performance; lacking any introspective tendencies she is incapable of appreciating the feelings of others and is only aware of material objects".<ref>{{cite book |title=Knowledge and Opinion: Pride and Prejudice |last=Tanner |first=Tony |publisher=Macmillan Education Ltd.|year=1986 |isbn=978-0333323175 |page=124 }}</ref> Mrs Bennet's behaviour reflects the society in which she lives, as she knows that her daughters will not succeed if they do not get married. "The business of her life was to get her daughters married: its solace was visiting and news."<ref>{{cite book |title=Pride and Prejudice |last=Austen |first=Jane |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company Inc. |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-393-26488-3 |page=7}}</ref> This shows that Mrs Bennet is only aware of "material objects" and not of her feelings and emotions.<ref>{{cite book |title=Knowledge and Opinion: Pride and Prejudice |last=Tanner |first=Tony |publisher=Macmillan Education Ltd. |year=1986 |isbn=978-0333323175 |page=124 }}</ref> A notable exception is Charlotte Lucas, Elizabeth Bennet's close friend and confidant. She accepts Mr Collins's proposal of marriage once Lizzie rejects him, not out of sentiment but acute awareness of her circumstances as "one of a large family". Charlotte's decision is reflective of her prudent nature and awareness.
==Style==
''Pride and Prejudice'', like most of Austen's works, employs the narrative technique of [[free indirect speech]], which has been defined as "the free representation of a character's speech, by which one means, not words actually spoken by a character, but the words that typify the character's thoughts, or the way the character would think or speak, if she thought or spoke".<ref name="miles">{{cite book|last=Miles|first=Robert|title=Jane Austen|publisher=Northcote House in association with the British Council |location=Tavistock |year=2003|series=Writers and Their Work|isbn=978-0-7463-0876-9}}</ref> Austen creates her characters with fully developed personalities and unique voices. Though Darcy and Elizabeth are very alike, they are also considerably different.<ref>Baker, Amy. "Caught In The Act Of Greatness: Jane Austen's Characterization Of Elizabeth And Darcy By Sentence Structure In ''Pride and Prejudice''." ''Explicator'' 72.3 (2014): 169–178. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 February 2016.</ref> By using narrative that adopts the tone and vocabulary of a particular character (in this case, Elizabeth), Austen invites the reader to follow events from Elizabeth's viewpoint, sharing her prejudices and misapprehensions. "The learning curve, while undergone by both protagonists, is disclosed to us solely through Elizabeth's point of view and her free indirect speech is essential ... for it is through it that we remain caught, if not stuck, within Elizabeth's misprisions."<ref name="miles" /> The few times the reader is allowed to gain further knowledge of another character's feelings, is through the letters exchanged in this novel. Darcy's first letter to Elizabeth is an example of this as through his letter, the reader and Elizabeth are both given knowledge of Wickham's true character. Austen is known to use irony throughout the novel especially from viewpoint of the character of Elizabeth Bennet. She conveys the "oppressive rules of femininity that actually dominate her life and work, and are covered by her beautifully carved trojan horse of ironic distance."<ref name="Ashley Tauchert" /> Beginning with a historical investigation of the development of a particular literary form and then transitioning into empirical verifications, it reveals free indirect discourse as a tool that emerged over time as practical means for addressing the physical distinctness of minds. Seen in this way, free indirect discourse is a distinctly literary response to an environmental concern, providing a scientific justification that does not reduce literature to a mechanical extension of biology, but takes its value to be its own original form.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fletcher|first1= Angus|last2 =Benveniste|first2= Mike|date=Winter 2013|title=A Scientific Justification for Literature: Jane Austen's Free Indirect Style as Ethical Tool|journal=Journal of Narrative Theory|volume=43|number =1|page=13|doi = 10.1353/jnt.2013.0011 |s2cid= 143290360}}</ref>
==Development of the novel==
[[File:Letter from Jane Austen to her sister Cassandra, 1799 June 11. Page 2 (NLA).tiff|thumb|upright=1.20|Page 2 of a letter from [[Jane Austen]] to her sister Cassandra (11 June 1799) in which she first mentions ''Pride and Prejudice'', using its working title ''First Impressions''. [[National Library of Australia|(NLA)]]]]
Austen began writing the novel after staying at [[Goodnestone Park]] in Kent with her brother Edward and his wife in 1796.<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodnestoneparkgardens.co.uk/history-of-goodnestone.php|title=History of Goodnestone|publisher= Goodnestone Park Gardens|access-date=26 August 2010}}</ref> It was originally titled ''First Impressions'', and was written between October 1796 and August 1797.<ref name=LeFaye>{{cite book | author = Le Faye, Deidre | title = Jane Austen: The World of Her Novels| location = New York | publisher = Harry N. Abrams | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-0-8109-3285-2}}</ref> On 1 November 1797 Austen's father sent a letter to London bookseller Thomas Cadell to ask if he had any interest in seeing the manuscript, but the offer was declined by return post.<ref name="Rogers"/> The militia were mobilised after the French declaration of war on Britain in February 1793, and there was initially a lack of barracks for all the militia regiments, requiring the militia to set up huge camps in the countryside, which the novel refers to several times.<ref>Irvine, Robert ''Jane Austen'', London: Routledge, 2005 page 57.</ref> The Brighton camp for which the militia regiment leaves in May after spending the winter in Meryton was opened in August 1793, and the barracks for all the regiments of the militia were completed by 1796, placing the events of the novel between 1793 and 1795.<ref>Irvine, Robert ''Jane Austen'', London: Routledge, 2005, pp. 56–57.</ref>
Austen made significant revisions to the manuscript for ''First Impressions'' between 1811 and 1812.<ref name=LeFaye/> As nothing remains of the original manuscript, we are reduced to conjecture. From the large number of letters in the final novel, it is assumed that ''First Impressions'' was an [[epistolary novel]].<ref>This theory is defended in "Character and Caricature in Jane Austen" by DW Harding in ''Critical Essays on Jane Austen'' (BC Southam Edition, London 1968) and Brian Southam in {{cite book|last1=Southam|first1=B.C.|title=Jane Austen's literary manuscripts : a study of the novelist's development through the surviving papers|date=2001|publisher=the Athlone press / Continuum |location=London |isbn=9780826490704 |pages=58–59|edition= New}}</ref> She later renamed the story ''Pride and Prejudice'' around 1811/1812, when she sold the rights to publish the manuscript to [[Thomas Egerton (publisher)|Thomas Egerton]] for £110<ref>{{cite book|last =Irvine|first= Robert|title=Jane Austen|location=London|publisher = Routledge|isbn = 978-0-415-31435-0 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=n0LmV_Rcb3QC&pg=PA56|date= 2005| page= 56}}</ref> ({{Inflation|UK|110|1812|fmt=eq|cursign=£|r=-2}}). In renaming the novel, Austen probably had in mind the "sufferings and oppositions" summarised in the final chapter of [[Fanny Burney]]'s ''[[Cecilia (Burney novel)|Cecilia]]'', called "Pride and Prejudice", where the phrase appears three times in block capitals.<ref name="Pinion" /> It is possible that the novel's original title was altered to avoid confusion with other works. In the years between the completion of ''First Impressions'' and its revision into ''Pride and Prejudice'', two other works had been published under that name: a novel by [[Margaret Holford]] and a comedy by [[Horace Smith (poet)|Horace Smith]].<ref name="Rogers" />
==Publication history==
[[File:Brock Pride and Prejudice.jpg|thumb|Title page of a 1907 edition illustrated by [[C. E. Brock]]]]
Austen sold the copyright for the novel to Thomas Egerton from the Military Library, Whitehall in exchange for £110 (Austen had asked for £150).<ref name=OWC>{{cite book |last=Stafford |first=Fiona |chapter=Notes on the Text |title=Pride and Prejudice |series=Oxford World's Classics (ed. James Kinley) |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-280238-5}}</ref> This proved a costly decision. Austen had published ''[[Sense and Sensibility]]'' on a [[Commission (art)|commission]] basis, whereby she [[indemnity|indemnified]] the publisher against any losses and received any profits, less costs and the publisher's commission. Unaware that ''Sense and Sensibility'' would sell out its edition, making her £140,<ref name="Rogers">{{cite book |editor-last=Rogers |editor-first=Pat |title=The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-521-82514-6}}</ref> she passed the copyright to Egerton for a one-off payment, meaning that all the risk (and all the profits) would be his. Jan Fergus has calculated that Egerton subsequently made around £450 from just the first two editions of the book.<ref name="Fergus">{{cite book |last=Fergus |first=Jan |title=The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen |editor-last1=Copeland |editor-first1=E. |editor-last2=McMaster |editor-first2=J. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |chapter=The professional woman writer |isbn=978-0-521-49867-8}}</ref>
Egerton published the first edition of ''Pride and Prejudice'' in three hardcover volumes on 28 January 1813.<ref>{{cite news |title= Anniversaries of 2013 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9770133/Anniversaries-of-2013.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231203151/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9770133/Anniversaries-of-2013.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 December 2012 |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |date=28 December 2012|last = Howse|first = Christopher}}</ref> It was advertised in ''[[The Morning Chronicle]]'', priced at 18s.<ref name=LeFaye /> Favourable reviews saw this edition sold out, with a second edition published in October that year. A third edition was published in 1817.<ref name=OWC />
Foreign language translations first appeared in 1813 in French; subsequent translations were published in German, Danish, and Swedish.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Valérie |last1=Cossy |first2=Diego |last2=Saglia |title=Translations |work=Jane Austen in Context |editor1-last=Todd |editor1-first=Janet | editor1-link = Janet Todd |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-521-82644-0}}</ref> ''Pride and Prejudice'' was first published in the United States in August 1832 as ''Elizabeth Bennet or, Pride and Prejudice''.<ref name=OWC/> The novel was also included in [[Richard Bentley (publisher)|Richard Bentley]]'s Standard Novel series in 1833. R. W. Chapman's scholarly edition of ''Pride and Prejudice'', first published in 1923, has become the standard edition on which many modern published versions of the novel are based.<ref name=OWC/>
The novel was originally published anonymously, as were all of Austen's novels. However, whereas her first published novel, ''Sense and Sensibility'' was presented as being written "by a Lady," ''Pride and Prejudice'' was attributed to "the Author of ''Sense and Sensibility''". This began to consolidate a conception of Austen as an author, albeit anonymously. Her subsequent novels were similarly attributed to the anonymous author of all her then-published works.
==Reception==
{{Main|Reception history of Jane Austen}}
===At first publication===
The novel was well received, with three favourable reviews in the first months following publication.<ref name="Fergus" /> [[Anne Isabella Milbanke]], later to be the wife of [[Lord Byron]], called it "the fashionable novel".<ref name="Fergus" /> Noted critic and reviewer [[George Henry Lewes]] declared that he "would rather have written ''Pride and Prejudice'', or ''[[The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling|Tom Jones]]'', than any of the [[Waverley Novels]]".<ref name="Southam">{{cite book |editor-last=Southam |editor-first=B.C. |title=Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=1995 |volume=1 |isbn=978-0-415-13456-9}}</ref>
[[Charlotte Brontë]], however, in a letter to Lewes, wrote that ''Pride and Prejudice'' was a disappointment, "a carefully fenced, highly cultivated garden, with neat borders and delicate flowers; but ... no open country, no fresh air, no blue hill, no bonny beck".<ref name="Southam" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Barker |first1=Juliet |title=The Brontës: a life in letters |others=Barker, Juliet R.V. |location=London |year=2016 |edition=2016 |oclc=926822509 |isbn=978-1408708316}}</ref>
Austen for her part thought the "playfulness and epigrammaticism" of ''Pride and Prejudice'' was excessive, complaining in a letter to her sister Cassandra in 1813 that the novel lacked "shade" and should have had a chapter "of solemn specious nonsense, about something unconnected with the story; an essay on writing, a critique on Walter Scott or the history of Buonaparté".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Claudia L. |author-link1=Claudia L. Johnson |title=Jane Austen: Women, Politics, and the Novel |date=1988 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226401393 |page=73}}</ref>
[[Walter Scott]] wrote in his journal, "Read again and for the third time at least, Miss Austen's very finely written novel of Pride and Prejudice."<ref>{{cite book |title=The journal of Sir Walter Scott |last=Scott |first=Walter |date=1998 |publisher=Canongate |others=Anderson, W.E.K. |isbn=0862418283 |location=Edinburgh |oclc=40905767 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofsirwalt0000scot_x1l6}}</ref>
===20th century===
{{Quote box
| width = 25em
| border = 1px
| align = right
| fontsize = 85%
| salign = right
| quote = <poem>
You could not shock her more than she shocks me,
Beside her [[James Joyce|Joyce]] seems innocent as grass.
It makes me most uncomfortable to see
An English spinster of the middle class
Describe the amorous effects of 'brass',
Reveal so frankly and with such sobriety
The economic basis of society.
</poem>
[[W. H. Auden]] (1937) on Austen<ref name="Southam" />
}}
The American scholar [[Claudia L. Johnson]] defended the novel from the criticism that it has an unrealistic fairy-tale quality.<ref name="Johnson, Claudia page 74">Johnson (1988) p.74</ref> One critic, [[Mary Poovey]], wrote that the "romantic conclusion" of ''Pride and Prejudice'' is an attempt to hedge the conflict between the "individualistic perspective inherent in the bourgeois value system ''and'' the authoritarian hierarchy retained from traditional, paternalistic society".<ref name="Johnson, Claudia page 74"/> Johnson wrote that Austen's view of a power structure capable of reformation was not an "escape" from conflict.<ref name="Johnson, Claudia page 74"/> Johnson wrote the "outrageous unconventionality" of Elizabeth Bennet was in Austen's own time very daring, especially given the strict censorship that was imposed in Britain by the Prime Minister, William Pitt, in the 1790s when Austen wrote ''Pride and Prejudice''.<ref name="Johnson, Claudia page 74"/>
===21st century===
* In 2003 the BBC conducted a poll for the "[[The Big Read|UK's Best-Loved Book]]" in which ''Pride and Prejudice'' came second, behind ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100.shtml |title=BBC – The Big Read – Top 100 Books |date=May 2003 |access-date=12 May 2008}}</ref>
* In a 2008 survey of more than 15,000 Australian readers, ''Pride and Prejudice'' came first in a list of the 101 best books ever written.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=182&ContentID=59459 |title=Aussie readers vote Pride and Prejudice best book |publisher=thewest.com.au |access-date=24 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529172315/http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=182&ContentID=59459 |archive-date=29 May 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* The 200th anniversary of ''Pride and Prejudice'' on 28 January 2013 was celebrated around the globe by media networks such as the ''[[Huffington Post]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', and ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', among others.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/28/200th-anniversary-of-pride-prejudice_n_2563806.html|title=200th Anniversary of ''Pride And Prejudice'': A HuffPost Books Austenganza|newspaper=The Huffington Post|date=2013-01-28}}</ref><ref name="Schuessler">{{cite news |url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/28/austen-fans-to-celebrate-200-years-of-pride-and-prejudice/?_r=0 |title=Austen Fans to Celebrate 200 Years of ''Pride and Prejudice''|first1=Jennifer |last1=Schuessler |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 January 2013 |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturevideo/booksvideo/9830981/Jane-Austen-celebrated-on-200th-anniversary-of-Pride-and-Prejudice-publication.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129054232/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturevideo/booksvideo/9830981/Jane-Austen-celebrated-on-200th-anniversary-of-Pride-and-Prejudice-publication.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2013|title=Video: Jane Austen celebrated on 200th anniversary of Pride and Prejudice publication|date=28 January 2013|work=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/pride-prejudice-200th-anniversary-18339770|title='Pride and Prejudice' 200th Anniversary|author=ABC News|work=ABC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url =http://www.queensbridgepublishing.com/p/prideandprejudicebyjaneausten.html|title=Queensbridge Publishing: Pride and Prejudice 200th Anniversary Edition by Jane Austen|work=queensbridgepublishing.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.ted.com/2013/01/28/talks-to-celebrate-the-200th-anniversary-of-pride-and-prejudice/|title=Talks to celebrate the 200th anniversary of ''Pride and Prejudice'' |work= TED Blog|author = Kate Torgovnick May|date=28 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/01/28/qa-as-pride-and-prejudice-turns-200-austenland-emerges-as-a-sundance-hit/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|title=Happy 200th Birthday, Pride & Prejudice...and Happy Sundance, Too: The writer/director of the Sundance hit 'Austenland' talks to ''TIME'' about why we still love Mr. Darcy centuries years later |first1=Lily |last1=Rothman |date=28 January 2013|access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref>
* ''Pride and Prejudice'' is one of Five Books most recommended books with philosophers, literary scholars, authors and journalists citing it as an influential text.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fivebooks.com/book/pride-and-prejudice-by-jane-austen/|title=Pride and Prejudice {{!}} Five Books Expert Recommendations|last=Books|first=Five|website=Five Books|language=en|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
==Adaptations==
===Film, television and theatre===
{{See also|Jane Austen in popular culture#Pride and Prejudice (1813)|l1=Jane Austen in popular culture – Pride and Prejudice}}
Numerous screen adaptations have contributed in popularising ''Pride and Prejudice''.<ref name="fullerton">{{Cite book|last=Fullerton|first=Susannah|author-link=Susannah Fullerton|url=https://archive.org/details/happilyeverafter0000full|url-access=registration|title=Happily Ever After: Celebrating Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice|date=2013|publisher=[[Frances Lincoln Publishers]]|isbn=978-0711233744|oclc=1310745594}}</ref> The first television adaptation of the novel, written by [[Michael Barry (television producer)|Michael Barry]], was produced in 1938 by the [[BBC]]. It is a [[lost television broadcast]].<ref name="fullerton" /> Some of the notable film versions include [[Pride and Prejudice (1940 film)|the 1940 Academy Award-winning film]], starring [[Greer Garson]] and [[Laurence Olivier]]<ref>{{IMDb title | id = 0032943 | title = Pride and Prejudice (1940) }}</ref> (based in part on Helen Jerome's 1936 stage adaptation) and [[Pride & Prejudice (2005 film)|that of 2005]], starring [[Keira Knightley]] (an Oscar-nominated performance) and [[Matthew Macfadyen]].<ref>{{IMDb title | id = 0414387 | title = Pride and Prejudice (2005) }}</ref> Notable television versions include two by the [[BBC]]: a [[Pride and Prejudice (1980 TV series)|1980 version]] starring [[Elizabeth Garvie]] and [[David Rintoul]] and the popular [[Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series)|1995 version]], starring [[Jennifer Ehle]] and [[Colin Firth]]. This also includes ''[[Bride and Prejudice]]'' and ''[[Trishna (TV series)|Trishna]]'' (1985 Hindi TV Series).
A 1936 stage version was created by Helen Jerome played at the [[St James's Theatre]] in London, starring [[Celia Johnson]] and [[Hugh Williams]]. ''[[First Impressions (musical)|First Impressions]]'' was a 1959 Broadway musical version starring [[Polly Bergen]], [[Farley Granger]], and [[Hermione Gingold]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://janeaustensworld.wordpress.com/2008/11/06/first-impressions-a-pride-and-prejudice-broadway-musical-that-failed-in-the-1958-1959-season/ |title=''First Impressions'' the Broadway Musical |publisher=Janeaustensworld.wordpress.com |date=6 November 2008 |access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref> In 1995, a musical concept album was written by [[Bernard J. Taylor]], with Claire Moore in the role of Elizabeth Bennet and Peter Karrie in the role of Mr Darcy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bernardjtaylor.com/PridePrejudice/pp.html |title=''Pride and Prejudice'' (1995) |publisher=Bernardjtaylor.com |access-date=27 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207085359/http://www.bernardjtaylor.com/PridePrejudice/pp.html |archive-date=7 February 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> A new stage production, ''Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, The New Musical'', was presented in concert on 21 October 2008 in [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], New York, with Colin Donnell as Darcy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prideandprejudicemusical.com/|title=PRIDE AND PREJUDICE, the Musical|work=prideandprejudicemusical.com}}</ref> The Swedish composer [[Daniel Nelson (Swedish composer)|Daniel Nelson]] based his 2011 [[opera]] ''[[Stolthet och fördom]]'' on ''Pride and Prejudice''.<ref>[http://www.composernelson.com/pride-prejudicestolthet-och-fordom/ ''Stolthet och fördom'' / ''Pride and Prejudice'' (2011)], work details</ref>
''[[The Lizzie Bennet Diaries]]'' - which premiered on a dedicated [[YouTube|YouTube channel]] on April 9, 2012,<ref name=LBD1>{{cite web | url = http://www.lizziebennet.com/episode-1-my-name-is-lizzie-bennet/ | work = The Lizzie Bennet Diaries | title = Episode 1: My Name is Lizzie Bennet | access-date = 2013-05-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130525001918/http://www.lizziebennet.com/episode-1-my-name-is-lizzie-bennet/ | archive-date = 25 May 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref> and concluded on March 28, 2013<ref name=LBD100>{{cite web | url = http://www.lizziebennet.com/episode-100-the-end/ | work = The Lizzie Bennet Diaries | title = Episode 100: The End | access-date = 2013-05-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515014329/http://www.lizziebennet.com/episode-100-the-end/ | archive-date = 15 May 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref> - is an Emmy award-winning web-series<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tv.yahoo.com/blogs/emmys/-top-chef--s--last-chance-kitchen----oprah-s-lifeclass---the-nick-app--and--the-lizzie-bennet-diaries--to-receive-interactive-media-emmys-151953269.html|title='Top Chef's' 'Last Chance Kitchen,' 'Oprah's Lifeclass,' the Nick App, and 'The Lizzie Bennet Diaries' to Receive Interactive Media Emmys|date=22 August 2013|work=yahoo.com}}</ref> which recounts the story via [[vlogs]] recorded primarily by the Bennet sisters.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/04/24/pride-and-prejudice-the-web-diary-edition/|title=''Pride and Prejudice'', the Web Diary Edition|date=April 24, 2012|access-date=August 16, 2012|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|first=Heba|last=Hasan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/remember-pride-and-prejudice-its-back-in-vlog-form,73484/|title=Remember ''Pride And Prejudice''? It's back, in vlog form!|date=May 3, 2012|access-date=August 16, 2012|work=[[The A.V. Club]]|first=Genevieve|last=Koski}}</ref> It was created by [[Hank Green]] and [[Bernie Su]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/popcandy/post/2012/05/cute-web-series-the-lizzie-bennet-diaries/1#.T7IZ7J9Yvj-|title=Cute Web series: 'The Lizzie Bennet Diaries'|date=May 4, 2012|access-date=August 16, 2012|work=[[USA Today]]|first=Whitney|last=Matheson|author-link=Whitney Matheson}}</ref>
''[[Fire Island (film)|Fire Island]]'' is a movie written by [[Joel Kim Booster]] that reimagines ''Pride and Prejudice'' as a gay drama set on the quintessential gay vacation destination of [[Fire Island]]. Booster describes the movie "as an unapologetic and modern twist on Jane Austen’s ''Pride and Prejudice''."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Booster |first1=Joel Kim |title=Pride and Prejudice on Fire Island |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/articles/joel-kim-booster-pride-and-prejudice-on-fire-island/ |website=Penguin Random House |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> The movie was released in June 2022 and features a main cast of Asian-American actors.
===Literature===
{{main|List of literary adaptations of Pride and Prejudice}}
The novel has inspired a number of other works that are not direct adaptations. Books inspired by ''Pride and Prejudice'' include the following:
* ''[[Mr. Darcy's Daughters|Mr Darcy's Daughters]]'' and ''The Exploits and Adventures of Miss Alethea Darcy'' by [[Elizabeth Aston]]
* ''[[Darcy's Story]]'' (a best seller) and ''Dialogue with Darcy'' by Janet Aylmer
* ''Pemberley: Or Pride and Prejudice Continued'' and ''An Unequal Marriage: Or Pride and Prejudice Twenty Years Later'' by [[Emma Tennant]]
* ''The Book of Ruth'' by [[Helen Baker (author)|Helen Baker]]
* ''Jane Austen Ruined My Life'' and ''Mr. Darcy Broke My Heart'' by Beth Pattillo
* '' Precipitation – A Continuation of Miss Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice '' by Helen Baker
* ''Searching for Pemberley'' by Mary Simonsen
* ''Mr. Darcy Takes a Wife'' and its sequel ''Darcy & Elizabeth: Nights and Days at Pemberley'' by Linda Berdoll
In [[Gwyn Cready]]'s comedic romance novel, ''Seducing Mr Darcy'', the heroine lands in ''Pride and Prejudice'' by way of magic massage, has a fling with Darcy and unknowingly changes the rest of the story.
[[Abigail Reynolds (writer)|Abigail Reynolds]] is the author of seven Regency-set variations on ''Pride and Prejudice''. Her Pemberley Variations series includes ''Mr Darcy's Obsession'', ''To Conquer Mr Darcy'', ''What Would Mr Darcy Do'' and ''Mr Fitzwilliam Darcy: The Last Man in the World''. Her modern adaptation, ''The Man Who Loved Pride and Prejudice'', is set on Cape Cod.<ref>{{cite web|title=Abigail Reynolds Author Page|website = Amazon|url=https://www.amazon.com/Abigail-Reynolds/e/B001JRZP8K/ref=sr_tc_2_0?qid=1343412301&sr=1-2-ent|access-date=27 July 2012}}</ref>
Bella Breen is the author of nine variations on ''Pride and Prejudice''. ''Pride and Prejudice and Poison'', ''Four Months to Wed'', ''Forced to Marry'' and ''The Rescue of Elizabeth Bennet''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bella Breen Author Page|website=Amazon|url=https://www.amazon.com/Bella-Breen/e/B07G14KXL7}}</ref>
Helen Fielding's 1996 novel ''[[Bridget Jones's Diary (novel)|Bridget Jones's Diary]]'' is also based on ''Pride and Prejudice''; the [[Bridget Jones's Diary (film)|feature film of Fielding's work]], released in 2001, stars [[Colin Firth]], who had played Mr Darcy in the successful 1990s TV adaptation.
In March 2009, [[Seth Grahame-Smith]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice and Zombies]]'' takes Austen's work and [[mashup (book)|mashes]] it up with [[zombie (fictional)|zombie]] hordes, [[cannibalism]], [[ninja]] and ultraviolent mayhem.<ref>{{cite news |last=Grossman |first=Lev |title=Pride and Prejudice, Now with Zombies |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]|url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1889075,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404014528/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1889075,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 April 2009 |date=April 2009 |access-date=26 April 2009}}</ref> In March 2010, Quirk Books published a prequel by [[Steve Hockensmith]] that deals with Elizabeth Bennet's early days as a zombie hunter, ''[[Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: Dawn of the Dreadfuls]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quirkclassics.com |title=Quirkclassics.com |publisher=Quirkclassics.com |access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref> The [[Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (film)|2016 film]] of Grahame-Smith's adaptation was released starring [[Lily James]], [[Sam Riley]] and [[Matt Smith (actor)|Matt Smith]].
In 2011, author [[Mitzi Szereto]] expanded on the novel in ''Pride and Prejudice: Hidden Lusts'', a historical sex parody that parallels the original plot and writing style of Jane Austen.
Marvel has also published their take on this classic by releasing a short comic series of five issues that stays true to the original storyline. The first issue was published on 1 April 2009 and was written by Nancy Hajeski.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marvel.com/catalog/?writer=Nancy%20Hajeski |title=Marvel.com |publisher=Marvel.com |access-date=27 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724063422/http://marvel.com/catalog/?writer=Nancy%20Hajeski |archive-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> It was published as a graphic novel in 2010 with artwork by Hugo Petrus.
[[Pamela Aidan]] is the author of a trilogy of books telling the story of ''Pride and Prejudice'' from Mr Darcy's point of view: ''[[Fitzwilliam Darcy, Gentleman]]''. The books are ''An Assembly Such as This'',<ref>{{cite book | author-link = Pamela Aidan | first = Pamela | last = Aidan | title = An Assembly Such as This | isbn = 978-0-7432-9134-7 | publisher = Touchstone | date = 2006 | url = https://archive.org/details/assemblysuchasth00aida }}</ref> ''Duty and Desire''<ref>{{cite book | author-link = Pamela Aidan | first = Pamela | last = Aidan | title = Duty and Desire | isbn = 978-0-9728529-1-3 | publisher = Wytherngate Press | date = 2004 | url = https://archive.org/details/dutydesirebook20000aida }}</ref> and ''These Three Remain''.<ref>{{cite book | author-link = Pamela Aidan | first = Pamela | last = Aidan | title = These Three Remain | isbn = 978-0-7432-9137-8 | publisher = Simon and Schuster | date = 2007 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/thesethreeremain00aidarich }}</ref>
Detective novel author [[P. D. James]] has written a book titled ''[[Death Comes to Pemberley]]'', which is a murder mystery set six years after Elizabeth and Darcy's marriage.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hislop |first=Victoria |title=Death Comes to Pemberley: Amazon.co.uk: Baroness P. D. James: 9780571283576: Books |id= {{ASIN|0571283578|country=uk}} }}</ref>
[[Sandra Lerner]]'s sequel to ''Pride and Prejudice'', ''Second Impressions'', develops the story and imagined what might have happened to the original novel's characters. It is written in the style of Austen after extensive research into the period and language and published in 2011 under the [[pen name]] of Ava Farmer.<ref name=Farmer>{{cite book|last=Farmer|first=Ava|title=Second Impressions|date=2011|publisher=Chawton House Press|location=Chawton, Hampshire, England|isbn=978-1613647509}}</ref>
[[Jo Baker (novelist)|Jo Baker]]'s bestselling 2013 novel ''[[Longbourn]]'' imagines the lives of the servants of ''Pride and Prejudice''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baker |first1=Jo |title=Longbourn |isbn=978-0385351232 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |date=8 October 2013 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780385351232 }}</ref> A cinematic adaptation of ''Longbourn'' was due to start filming in late 2018, directed by [[Sharon Maguire]], who also directed ''[[Bridget Jones's Diary (film)|Bridget Jones's Diary]]'' and ''[[Bridget Jones's Baby]]'', screenplay by [[Jessica Swale]], produced by Random House Films and StudioCanal.<ref name="thebookseller.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/new-direction-jo-baker-literary-suspense-body-lies-869706#|title=New direction for 'literary chameleon' Jo Baker to Transworld - The Bookseller|website=www.thebookseller.com}}</ref> The novel was also adapted for radio, appearing on BBC Radio 4's ''Book at Bedtime'', abridged by Sara Davies and read by [[Sophie Thompson]]. It was first broadcast in May 2014; and again on Radio 4 Extra in September 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b045q086|title=Jo Baker - Longbourn, Book at Bedtime - BBC Radio 4|website=BBC}}</ref>
In the novel ''[[Eligible (novel)|Eligible]]'', [[Curtis Sittenfeld]] sets the characters of ''Pride and Prejudice'' in modern-day Cincinnati, where the Bennet parents, erstwhile Cincinnati social climbers, have fallen on hard times. Elizabeth, a successful and independent New York journalist, and her single older sister Jane must intervene to salvage the family's financial situation and get their unemployed adult sisters to move out of the house and onward in life. In the process they encounter Chip Bingley, a young doctor and reluctant reality TV celebrity, and his medical school classmate, Fitzwilliam Darcy, a cynical neurosurgeon.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sittenfeld |first1=Curtis| title=Eligible|isbn=978-1400068326 |publisher=Random House |date=19 April 2016 }}</ref>
''Pride and Prejudice'' has also inspired works of scientific writing. In 2010, scientists named a pheromone identified in male mouse urine ''darcin'',<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Roberts|first1=Sarah A.|last2=Simpson|first2=Deborah M.|last3=Armstrong|first3=Stuart D.|last4=Davidson|first4=Amanda J.|last5=Robertson|first5=Duncan H.|last6=McLean|first6=Lynn|last7=Beynon|first7=Robert J.|last8=Hurst|first8=Jane L.|date=1 January 2010|title=Darcin: a male pheromone that stimulates female memory and sexual attraction to an individual male's odour|journal=BMC Biology|volume=8|page=75|doi=10.1186/1741-7007-8-75|issn=1741-7007|pmc=2890510|pmid=20525243}}</ref> after Mr Darcy, because it strongly attracted females. In 2016, a scientific paper published in the ''[[Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease]]'' speculated that Mrs Bennet may have been a carrier of a rare genetic disease, explaining why the Bennets didn't have any sons, and why some of the Bennet sisters are so silly.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stern|first=William|date=1 March 2016|title=Pride and protein|journal=Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease|volume=39|issue=2|pages=321–324|doi=10.1007/s10545-015-9908-7|issn=1573-2665|pmid=26743057|s2cid=24476197}}</ref>
In summer 2014, Udon Entertainment's Manga Classics line published a manga adaptation of ''Pride and Prejudice''.<ref>Manga Classics: Pride and Prejudice (2014) UDON Entertainment {{ISBN|978-1927925188}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==External links==
{{Wikisource-multi|Pride and Prejudice}}
{{wikiquote|Pride and Prejudice}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Pride and Prejudice|''Pride and Prejudice''}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/jane-austen/pride-and-prejudice}}
* {{Gutenberg|no=42671|name=Pride and Prejudice (Chapman edition)}}
* {{librivox book | title=Pride and Prejudice | author=Jane Austen}}
* [http://www.bl.uk/people/jane-austen Digital resources relating to Jane Austen] from the British Library's Discovering Literature website
{{Pride and Prejudice}}
{{Jane Austen}}
{{portal bar|Novels|Literature}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pride And Prejudice}}
[[Category:Pride and Prejudice| ]]
[[Category:1813 British novels]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:Novels by Jane Austen]]
[[Category:Novels set in Hertfordshire]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into plays]]
[[Category:Novels adapted into operas]]
[[Category:Novels adapted into comics]]
[[Category:Novels about nobility]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into television shows]]
[[Category:Love stories]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,27 +1,3 @@
-{{and Prejudice
-| image = PrideAndPrejudiceTitlePage.jpg
-| caption = Title page
-| author = [[Jane Austen]]
-| country = United Kingdom
-| title_working = First Impressions
-| language = English
-| publisher = [[Thomas Egerton (publisher)|T. Egerton]], Whitehall
-| set_in = [[Hertfordshire]] and [[Derbyshire]], {{circa|1812}}
-| release_date = 28 January 1813
-| media_type = Print (hardback, 3 volumes), digitalized
-| oclc = 38659585
-| preceded_by = [[Sense and Sensibility]]
-| followed_by = [[Mansfield Park]]
-| dewey = 823.7
-| congress = PR4034 .P7
-| genre = Classic Regency novel <br />[[Romance novel]]
-| wikisource = Pride and Prejudice
-}}
-[[File:Chapter 01 - Pride and Prejudice - Jane Austen.ogg|thumb|right|LibriVox recording by Karen Savage.]]
-'''''Pride and Prejudice''''' is an 1813 [[novel of manners]] by [[Jane Austen]]. The novel follows the character development of [[Elizabeth Bennet]], the dynamic [[protagonist]] of the book who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between superficial goodness and actual goodness.
-
-Mr. Bennet, owner of the Longbourn estate in [[Hertfordshire]], has five daughters, but his property is [[Fee tail|entailed]] and can only be passed to a male heir. His wife also lacks an inheritance, so his family faces becoming poor upon his death. Thus, it is imperative that at least one of the daughters marries well to support the others, which is a motivation that drives the plot.
-
-''Pride and Prejudice'' has consistently appeared near the top of lists of "most-loved books" among literary scholars and the reading public. It has become one of the most popular novels in English literature, with over 20 million copies sold, and has inspired many derivatives in modern literature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/dvd/reviews/article_1475660.php/Pride_and_Prejudice_%E2%80%93_Blu-ray_Review |title=Monstersandcritics.com |date=7 May 2009 |publisher=Monstersandcritics.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026154330/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/dvd/reviews/article_1475660.php/Pride_and_Prejudice_%E2%80%93_Blu-ray_Review |archive-date=26 October 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=27 January 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/austen-power-200-years-of-pride-and-prejudice-8454448.html |title=Austen power: 200 years of Pride and Prejudice |date=2013-01-19 |website=The Independent |access-date=2018-12-07}}</ref> For more than a century, dramatic adaptations, reprints, unofficial sequels, films, and TV versions of ''Pride and Prejudice'' have portrayed the memorable characters and themes of the novel, reaching mass audiences.<ref>{{cite book |last=Looser |first=Devoney |title=The Making of Jane Austen |location=Baltimore, MD |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |year=2017 |page=76 |isbn=978-1421422824}}</ref>
+Prejudice my arse
==Plot summary==
' |
New page size (new_size) | 69587 |
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20 => ''''''Pride and Prejudice''''' is an 1813 [[novel of manners]] by [[Jane Austen]]. The novel follows the character development of [[Elizabeth Bennet]], the dynamic [[protagonist]] of the book who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between superficial goodness and actual goodness.',
21 => '',
22 => 'Mr. Bennet, owner of the Longbourn estate in [[Hertfordshire]], has five daughters, but his property is [[Fee tail|entailed]] and can only be passed to a male heir. His wife also lacks an inheritance, so his family faces becoming poor upon his death. Thus, it is imperative that at least one of the daughters marries well to support the others, which is a motivation that drives the plot.',
23 => '',
24 => '''Pride and Prejudice'' has consistently appeared near the top of lists of "most-loved books" among literary scholars and the reading public. It has become one of the most popular novels in English literature, with over 20 million copies sold, and has inspired many derivatives in modern literature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/dvd/reviews/article_1475660.php/Pride_and_Prejudice_%E2%80%93_Blu-ray_Review |title=Monstersandcritics.com |date=7 May 2009 |publisher=Monstersandcritics.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026154330/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/dvd/reviews/article_1475660.php/Pride_and_Prejudice_%E2%80%93_Blu-ray_Review |archive-date=26 October 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=27 January 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/austen-power-200-years-of-pride-and-prejudice-8454448.html |title=Austen power: 200 years of Pride and Prejudice |date=2013-01-19 |website=The Independent |access-date=2018-12-07}}</ref> For more than a century, dramatic adaptations, reprints, unofficial sequels, films, and TV versions of ''Pride and Prejudice'' have portrayed the memorable characters and themes of the novel, reaching mass audiences.<ref>{{cite book |last=Looser |first=Devoney |title=The Making of Jane Austen |location=Baltimore, MD |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |year=2017 |page=76 |isbn=978-1421422824}}</ref>'
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><p>Prejudice my arse
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Plot_summary"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Plot summary</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Characters"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Characters</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Major_themes"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Major themes</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Marriage"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Marriage</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Wealth"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Wealth</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Class"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Class</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Self-knowledge"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Self-knowledge</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Style"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Style</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Development_of_the_novel"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Development of the novel</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Publication_history"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Publication history</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Reception"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Reception</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#At_first_publication"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">At first publication</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#20th_century"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">20th century</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#21st_century"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">21st century</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Adaptations"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Adaptations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Film,_television_and_theatre"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Film, television and theatre</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Literature"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Literature</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Plot_summary">Plot summary</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:PrideandPrejudiceCH3.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PrideandPrejudiceCH3.jpg/220px-PrideandPrejudiceCH3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="834" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:PrideandPrejudiceCH3.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Mr. Darcy says Elizabeth is "not handsome enough to tempt him" to dance. (Artist: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C.E._Brock" class="mw-redirect" title="C.E. Brock">C.E. Brock</a>, 1895)</div></div></div>
<p>In the early 19th century, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennet_family" title="Bennet family">Bennet family</a> live at their Longbourn estate, situated near the village of Meryton in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a>, England. Mrs. Bennet's greatest desire is to marry off her five daughters in order to secure their futures. The arrival of Mr. Bingley, a rich bachelor who rents the neighbouring Netherfield estate, gives her hope that one of her daughters might contract an advantageous marriage, because "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife".
</p><p>At a ball, the family is introduced to the Netherfield party, including Mr. Bingley, his two sisters and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mr._Darcy" title="Mr. Darcy">Mr. Darcy</a>, his dearest friend. Mr. Bingley's friendly and cheerful manner earns him popularity among the guests. He appears interested in Jane, the eldest Bennet daughter. Mr. Darcy, reputed to be twice as wealthy as Mr Bingley, is haughty and aloof, causing a decided dislike of him. He declines to dance with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Bennet" title="Elizabeth Bennet">Elizabeth</a>, the second-eldest Bennet daughter, as she is "not handsome enough". Although she jokes about it with her friend, Elizabeth is deeply offended. Despite this first impression, Mr. Darcy secretly begins to find himself drawn to Elizabeth as they continue to encounter each other at social events, appreciating her wit and frankness.
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mr._William_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. William Collins">Mr. Collins</a>, the heir to the Longbourn estate, visits the Bennet family with the intention of finding a wife among the five girls under the advice of his patroness <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lady_Catherine_de_Bourgh" title="Lady Catherine de Bourgh">Lady Catherine de Bourgh</a>, also revealed to be Mr. Darcy's aunt. He decides to pursue Elizabeth. The Bennet family meet the charming army officer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Wickham" title="George Wickham">George Wickham</a>, who tells Elizabeth in confidence Mr. Darcy's horrible past actions in his regards. Elizabeth, blinded by her prejudice toward Mr. Darcy, believes him.
</p><p>Elizabeth dances with Mr. Darcy at a ball, where Mrs. Bennet hints loudly that she expects Jane and Bingley to become engaged. Elizabeth rejects Mr. Collins' marriage proposal, to her mother's fury and her father's relief. Mr. Collins instead proposes to Charlotte Lucas, a friend of Elizabeth. Having heard Mrs. Bennet's words at the ball and disapproving of the marriage, Mr. Darcy joins Mr. Bingley in a trip to London and, with the help of his sisters, convinces him not to return to Netherfield. A heartbroken Jane visits her Aunt and Uncle Gardiner in London to raise her spirits, while Elizabeth's hatred for Mr. Darcy grows as she suspects he was responsible for Mr Bingley's departure.
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pickering_-_Greatbatch_-_Jane_Austen_-_Pride_and_Prejudice_-_She_then_told_him_what_Mr._Darcy_had_voluntarily_done_for_Lydia.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pickering_-_Greatbatch_-_Jane_Austen_-_Pride_and_Prejudice_-_She_then_told_him_what_Mr._Darcy_had_voluntarily_done_for_Lydia.jpg/220px-Pickering_-_Greatbatch_-_Jane_Austen_-_Pride_and_Prejudice_-_She_then_told_him_what_Mr._Darcy_had_voluntarily_done_for_Lydia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="368" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="3612" data-file-height="6044" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pickering_-_Greatbatch_-_Jane_Austen_-_Pride_and_Prejudice_-_She_then_told_him_what_Mr._Darcy_had_voluntarily_done_for_Lydia.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Elizabeth tells her father that Darcy was responsible for uniting Lydia and Wickham, in one of the two earliest illustrations of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> The clothing styles reflect the time the illustration was engraved (the 1830s), not the time in which the novel was written or set.</div></div></div>
<p>In the spring, Elizabeth visits Charlotte and Mr. Collins in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. Elizabeth and her hosts are invited to Rosings Park, Lady Catherine's home. Mr. Darcy and his cousin, Colonel Fitzwilliam, are also visiting Rosings Park. Fitzwilliam tells Elizabeth how Mr. Darcy recently saved a friend, presumably Bingley, from an undesirable match. Elizabeth realises that the prevented engagement was to Jane. Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, declaring his love for her despite her low social connections. She is shocked, as she was unaware of Mr. Darcy's interest, and rejects him angrily, saying that he is the last person she would ever marry and that she could never love a man who caused her sister such unhappiness; she further accuses him of treating Wickham unjustly. Mr. Darcy brags about his success in separating Bingley and Jane and sarcastically dismisses the accusation regarding Wickham without addressing it.
</p><p>Mr. Darcy gives Elizabeth a letter, explaining that Wickham, the son of his late father's steward, had refused the "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benefice#Church_of_England" title="Benefice">living</a>" his father had arranged for him and was instead given money for it. Wickham quickly squandered the money and tried to elope with Darcy's 15-year-old sister, Georgiana, for her considerable <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a>. Mr. Darcy also writes that he separated Jane and Bingley because he believed her indifferent to Bingley and because of the lack of propriety displayed by her family. Elizabeth is ashamed by her family's behaviour and her own prejudice against Mr. Darcy.
</p><p>Months later, Elizabeth accompanies the Gardiners on a tour of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a>. They visit <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pemberley" title="Pemberley">Pemberley</a>, Darcy's estate. When Mr. Darcy returns unexpectedly, he is exceedingly gracious with Elizabeth and the Gardiners. Elizabeth is surprised by Darcy's behaviour and grows fond of him, even coming to regret rejecting his proposal. She receives news that her sister Lydia has run off with Wickham. She tells Mr. Darcy, then departs in haste. After an agonising interim, Wickham agrees to marry Lydia. She visits the family and tells Elizabeth that Mr. Darcy was at her wedding. Though Mr. Darcy had sworn everyone involved to secrecy, Mrs. Gardiner now feels obliged to inform Elizabeth that he secured the match, at great expense and trouble to himself.
</p><p>Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy return to Netherfield. Jane accepts Mr. Bingley's proposal. Lady Catherine, having heard rumours that Elizabeth intends to marry Mr. Darcy, visits her and demands she promise never to accept Mr. Darcy's proposal, as she and Darcy's late mother had already planned his marriage to her daughter Anne. Elizabeth refuses and asks the outraged Lady Catherine to leave. Darcy, heartened by his aunt's indignant relaying of Elizabeth's response, again proposes to her and is accepted.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Characters">Characters</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Scenes_from_Pride_and_Prejudice.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scenes_from_Pride_and_Prejudice.png/220px-Scenes_from_Pride_and_Prejudice.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1206" data-file-height="855" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Scenes_from_Pride_and_Prejudice.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Scenes from <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>, by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C._E._Brock" title="C. E. Brock">C. E. Brock</a> (c. 1885)</div></div></div>
<table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:330px; float:right; margin:1em;">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Character genealogy
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:75%; text-align:right; width:350px;">
<table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;">
<tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Mr Hurst</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Mrs Louisa Hurst</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Mr Philips</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Caroline Bingley</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Mrs Philips</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Mr Charles Bingley</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Mrs Gardiner</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Jane Bennet</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Mr Edward Gardiner</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Bennet" title="Elizabeth Bennet">Elizabeth Bennet</a></b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Mrs Bennet</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed black;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed black;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Mary Bennet</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Mr Bennet</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Catherine "Kitty" Bennet</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Mr William Collins</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Lydia Bennet</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Charlotte Lucas</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Mr George Wickham</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed black;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed black;border-bottom:1px dashed black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">(Old) Mr Darcy</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em"><b>Mr <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Darcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitzwilliam Darcy">Fitzwilliam Darcy</a></b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Lady Anne Darcy</td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Georgiana Darcy</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Lady Catherine de Bourgh</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Anne de Bourgh</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Earl of Matlock</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em">Colonel Fitzwilliam</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr>
<tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Thomson-PP14.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Thomson-PP14.jpg/220px-Thomson-PP14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="1060" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Thomson-PP14.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Elizabeth and Mr Darcy by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hugh_Thomson" title="Hugh Thomson">Hugh Thomson</a>, 1894</div></div></div>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Bennet" title="Elizabeth Bennet">Elizabeth Bennet</a></b> – the second-eldest of the Bennet daughters, she is attractive, witty and intelligent – but with a tendency to form tenacious and prejudiced first impressions. As the story progresses, so does her relationship with Mr Darcy. The course of Elizabeth and Darcy's relationship is ultimately decided when Darcy overcomes his pride, and Elizabeth overcomes her prejudice, leading them both to surrender to their love for each other.</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mr._Darcy" title="Mr. Darcy">Mr Fitzwilliam Darcy</a></b> – Mr Bingley's friend and the wealthy owner of the family estate of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pemberley" title="Pemberley">Pemberley</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a>, rumoured to be worth at least £10,000 a year. While he is handsome, tall, and intelligent, Darcy lacks ease and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_graces" title="Social graces">social graces</a>, and so others frequently mistake his initially haughty reserve as proof of excessive pride (which, in part, it is). A new visitor to the village, he is ultimately Elizabeth Bennet's love interest. Though he appears to be proud and is largely disliked by people for this reason, his servants vouch for his kindness and decency.</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mr_Bennet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr Bennet">Mr Bennet</a></b> – A logical and reasonable late-middle-aged <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">landed</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">gentleman</a> of a more modest income of £2000 per annum, and the dryly sarcastic <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarch</a> of the now-dwindling <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennet_family" title="Bennet family">Bennet family</a> (a family of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> landed gentry), with five unmarried daughters. His estate, Longbourn, is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fee_tail" title="Fee tail">entailed</a> to the male line. His affection for his wife wore off early in their marriage and is now reduced to mere toleration. He is often described as 'indolent' in the novel.</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennet_family#Mrs._Bennet" title="Bennet family">Mrs Bennet</a> (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span>Gardiner)</b> – the middle-aged wife of her social superior, Mr Bennet, and the mother of their five daughters (Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Catherine and Lydia). Mrs Bennet is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypochondriac" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypochondriac">hypochondriac</a> who imagines herself susceptible to attacks of tremors and palpitations (her "poor nerves") whenever things are not going her way. Her main ambition in life is to marry her daughters off to wealthy men. Whether or not any such matches will give her daughters happiness is of little concern to her. She was settled a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a> of £4,000 from her father.</li></ul>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:William_Blake_Mrs_Q_1820_engraving_after_Francois_Huet_Villiers_The_British_Museum.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/William_Blake_Mrs_Q_1820_engraving_after_Francois_Huet_Villiers_The_British_Museum.jpg/220px-William_Blake_Mrs_Q_1820_engraving_after_Francois_Huet_Villiers_The_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1091" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:William_Blake_Mrs_Q_1820_engraving_after_Francois_Huet_Villiers_The_British_Museum.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>In a letter to Cassandra dated May 1813, Jane Austen describes a picture she saw at a gallery which was a good likeness of "Mrs Bingley" – Jane Bennet. Deirdre Le Faye in <i>The World of Her Novels</i> suggests that "Portrait of Mrs Q" is the picture Austen was referring to. (pp. 201–203)</div></div></div>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennet_family#Jane_Bennet" title="Bennet family">Jane Bennet</a></b> – the eldest Bennet sister. She is considered the most beautiful young lady in the neighbourhood and is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Optimism" title="Optimism">inclined to see only the good in others</a> (but can be persuaded otherwise on sufficient evidence). She falls in love with Charles Bingley, a rich young gentleman recently moved to Hertfordshire and a close friend of Mr Darcy.</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennet_family#Mary_Bennet" title="Bennet family">Mary Bennet</a></b> – the middle Bennet sister, and the plainest of her siblings. Mary has a serious disposition and mostly reads and plays music, although she is often impatient to display her accomplishments and is rather vain about them. She frequently moralises to her family. According to James Edward Austen-Leigh's <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Memoir_of_Jane_Austen" title="A Memoir of Jane Austen">A Memoir of Jane Austen</a></i>, Mary ended up marrying one of her Uncle Philips' law clerks and moving into Meryton with him.</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennet_family#Catherine_"Kitty"_Bennet" title="Bennet family">Catherine "Kitty" Bennet</a></b> – the fourth Bennet daughter. Though older than Lydia, she is her shadow and follows her in her pursuit of the officers of the militia. She is often portrayed as envious of Lydia and is described as a "silly" young woman. However, it is said that she improved when removed from Lydia's influence. According to James Edward Austen-Leigh's <i>A Memoir of Jane Austen</i>, Kitty later married a clergyman who lived near Pemberley.</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lydia_Bennet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydia Bennet">Lydia Bennet</a></b> – the youngest Bennet sister. She is frivolous and headstrong. Her main activity in life is socialising, especially flirting with the officers of the militia. This leads to her running off with George Wickham, although he has no intention of marrying her. Lydia shows no regard for the moral code of her society; as Ashley Tauchert says, she "feels without reasoning".<sup id="cite_ref-Ashley_Tauchert_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashley_Tauchert-2">[2]</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Charles Bingley</b> – a handsome, amiable, wealthy young gentleman (a <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche">nouveau riche</a></i>) from the north of England (possibly <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough</a> is mentioned, and there is, in fact, a real-life town called <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bingley" title="Bingley">Bingley</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>), who leases Netherfield Park, an estate three miles from Longbourn, with the hopes of purchasing it. He is contrasted with Mr Darcy for having more generally pleasing manners, although he is reliant on his more experienced friend for advice. An example of this is the prevention of Bingley and Jane's romance because of Bingley's undeniable dependence on Darcy's opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> He lacks resolve and is easily influenced by others; his two sisters, Miss Caroline Bingley and Mrs Louisa Hurst, both disapprove of Bingley's growing affection for Miss Jane Bennet. He inherited a fortune of £100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Caroline Bingley</b> – the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vainglory" class="mw-redirect" title="Vainglory">vainglorious</a>, snobbish sister of Charles Bingley, with a fortune of £20,000. Miss Bingley harbours designs upon Mr Darcy, and therefore is jealous of his growing attachment to Elizabeth. She attempts to dissuade Mr Darcy from liking Elizabeth by ridiculing the Bennet family and criticising Elizabeth's comportment. Miss Bingley also disapproves of her brother's esteem for Jane Bennet, and is disdainful of society in Meryton. Her wealth (which she overspends) and her expensive education seem to be the two greatest sources of Miss Bingley's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vanity" title="Vanity">vanity</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conceit" title="Conceit">conceit</a>; likewise, she is very insecure about the fact that her and her family's money all comes from trade, and is eager both for her brother to purchase an estate, elevating the Bingleys to the ranks of the gentry, and for herself to marry a landed gentleman (i.e. Mr Darcy). The dynamic between Miss Bingley and her sister, Louisa Hurst, seems to echo that of Lydia and Kitty Bennet's, and Mrs Bennet and Mrs Phillips'; that one is no more than a follower of the other, with Caroline in the same position as Lydia and Mrs Bennet, and Louisa in Kitty's and Mrs Phillips' (though, in Louisa's case, as she is already married, she is not under the same pressure as Caroline). Louisa is married to Mr Hurst, who has a house in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grosvenor_Square" title="Grosvenor Square">Grosvenor Square</a>, London.</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Wickham" title="George Wickham">George Wickham</a></b> – Wickham has been acquainted with Mr Darcy since infancy, being the son of Mr Darcy's father's steward. An officer in the militia, he is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Superficially_charming" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficially charming">superficially charming</a> and rapidly forms an attachment with Elizabeth Bennet. He later runs off with Lydia with no intention of marriage, which would have resulted in her and her family's complete disgrace, but for Darcy's intervention to bribe Wickham to marry her by paying off his immediate debts.</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mr_William_Collins" title="Mr William Collins">Mr William Collins</a></b> – Mr Collins is Mr Bennet's distant second cousin, a clergyman, and the current heir presumptive to his estate of Longbourn House. He is an obsequious and pompous man, prone to making long and tedious speeches, who is excessively devoted to his patroness, Lady Catherine de Bourgh.</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lady_Catherine_de_Bourgh_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Catherine de Bourgh (character)">Lady Catherine de Bourgh</a></b> – the overbearing aunt of Mr Darcy. Lady Catherine is the wealthy owner of Rosings Park, where she resides with her daughter Anne and is fawned upon by her rector, Mr Collins. She is haughty, pompous, domineering, and condescending, and has long planned to marry off her sickly daughter to Darcy, to 'unite their two great estates', claiming it to be the dearest wish of both her and her late sister, Lady Anne Darcy (née Fitzwilliam).</li>
<li><b>Mr Edward Gardiner and Mrs Gardiner</b> – Edward Gardiner is Mrs Bennet's brother and a successful tradesman of sensible and gentlemanly character. Aunt Gardiner is genteel and elegant and is close to her nieces Jane and Elizabeth. The Gardiners are instrumental in bringing about the marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth.</li>
<li><b>Georgiana Darcy</b> – Georgiana is Mr Darcy's quiet, amiable and shy younger sister, with a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a> of £30,000, and is aged barely 16 when the story begins. When still 15, Miss Darcy almost eloped with Mr Wickham but was saved by her brother, whom she idolises. Thanks to years of tutelage under masters, she is accomplished at the piano, singing, playing the harp, drawing, and modern languages and is therefore described as Caroline Bingley's idea of an "accomplished woman".</li>
<li><b>Charlotte Lucas</b> – Charlotte is Elizabeth's friend who, at 27 years old (and thus beyond what was then considered prime marriageable age), fears becoming a burden to her family and therefore readily agrees to marry Mr Collins to gain financial security, having seized the opportunity to claim his attentions after Elizabeth turns down his proposal. Though the novel stresses the importance of love and understanding in marriage, Austen never seems to condemn Charlotte's decision to marry for security. She uses Charlotte to convey how women of her time would adhere to society's expectation for women to marry even if it is not out of love, but convenience.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> Charlotte is the daughter of Sir William Lucas and Lady Lucas, neighbours of the Bennet family.</li>
<li><b>Colonel Fitzwilliam</b> – Colonel Fitzwilliam is the younger son of an earl and the nephew of Lady Catherine de Bourgh and Lady Anne Darcy; this makes him the cousin of Anne de Bourgh and the Darcy siblings, Fitzwilliam and Georgiana. He is about 30 years old at the beginning of the novel. He is the coguardian of Miss Georgiana Darcy, along with his cousin, Mr Darcy. According to Colonel Fitzwilliam, as a younger son, he cannot marry without thought to his prospective bride's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a>.</li></ul>
<div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:608px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pride_and_Prejudice_Character_Map.svg" class="image" title="Diagram showing relationships among the principal characters of Pride and Prejudice"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pride_and_Prejudice_Character_Map.svg/600px-Pride_and_Prejudice_Character_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="150" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pride_and_Prejudice_Character_Map.svg/900px-Pride_and_Prejudice_Character_Map.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pride_and_Prejudice_Character_Map.svg/1200px-Pride_and_Prejudice_Character_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="128" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pride_and_Prejudice_Character_Map.svg" title="File:Pride and Prejudice Character Map.svg"> </a></div>Diagram showing relationships among the principal characters of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i></div></div></div>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Major_themes">Major themes</span></h2>
<p>Many critics take the title as the start when analysing the themes of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> but Robert Fox cautions against reading too much into the title (which was initially <i>First Impressions</i>), because commercial factors may have played a role in its selection. "After the success of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility" title="Sense and Sensibility">Sense and Sensibility</a></i>, nothing would have seemed more natural than to bring out another novel of the same author using again the formula of antithesis and alliteration for the title. The qualities of the title are not exclusively assigned to one or the other of the protagonists; both Elizabeth and Darcy display pride and prejudice."<sup id="cite_ref-fox-ncf_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-ncf-6">[6]</a></sup> The phrase "pride and prejudice" had been used over the preceding two centuries by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Hall_(bishop)" title="Joseph Hall (bishop)">Joseph Hall</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeremy_Taylor" title="Jeremy Taylor">Jeremy Taylor</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Addison" title="Joseph Addison">Joseph Addison</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-teltitle_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teltitle-8">[8]</a></sup> Austen probably took her title from a passage in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frances_Burney" title="Frances Burney">Fanny Burney</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cecilia_(Burney_novel)" title="Cecilia (Burney novel)">Cecilia</a></i> (1782), a popular novel she is known to have admired:
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996844942">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>'The whole of this unfortunate business, said Dr Lyster, has been the result of PRIDE and PREJUDICE. […] if to PRIDE and PREJUDICE you owe your miseries, so wonderfully is good and evil balanced, that to PRIDE and PREJUDICE you will also owe their termination.'<sup id="cite_ref-teltitle_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teltitle-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burney1782_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burney1782-9">[9]</a></sup> (capitalisation as in the original)</p></blockquote>
<p>A theme in much of Austen's work is the importance of environment and upbringing in developing young people's character and morality.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinion_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinion-10">[10]</a></sup> Social standing and wealth are not necessarily advantages in her world and a further theme common to Austen's work is ineffectual parents. In <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>, the failure of Mr and Mrs Bennet as parents is blamed for Lydia's lack of moral judgment. Darcy has been taught to be principled and scrupulously honourable but he is also proud and overbearing.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinion_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinion-10">[10]</a></sup> Kitty, rescued from Lydia's bad influence and spending more time with her older sisters after they marry, is said to improve greatly in their superior society.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> The American novelist Anna Quindlen observed in an introduction to an edition of Austen's novel in 1995:
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996844942"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Pride and Prejudice</i> is also about that thing that all great novels consider, the search for self. And it is the first great novel that teaches us this search is as surely undertaken in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drawing_room" title="Drawing room">drawing room</a> making <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Small_talk" title="Small talk">small talk</a> as in the pursuit of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">great white whale</a> or the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter" title="The Scarlet Letter">public punishment of adultery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Intro_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intro-12">[12]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Marriage">Marriage</span></h3>
<p>The opening line of the novel famously announces: "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> This sets marriage as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Motif_(narrative)" title="Motif (narrative)">motif</a> and a problem in the novel. Readers are poised to question whether or not these single men need a wife, or if the need is dictated by the "neighbourhood" families and their daughters who require a "good fortune".
</p><p>Marriage is a complex social activity that takes political and financial economy into account. In the case of Charlotte Lucas, the seeming success of her marriage lies in the comfortable financial circumstances of their household, while the relationship between Mr and Mrs Bennet serves to illustrate bad marriages based on an initial attraction and surface over substance (economic and psychological). The Bennets' marriage is an example that the youngest Bennet, Lydia, re-enacts with Wickham and the results are far from felicitous. Although the central characters, Elizabeth and Darcy, begin the novel as hostile acquaintances and unlikely friends, they eventually work toward a better understanding of themselves and each other, which frees them to truly fall in love. This does not eliminate the challenges of the real differences in their technically-equivalent social status as gentry and their female relations. It does however provide them with a better understanding of each other's point of view from the different ends of the rather wide scale of differences within that category.
</p><p>When Elizabeth rejects Darcy's first proposal, the argument of marrying for love is introduced. Elizabeth only accepts Darcy's proposal when she is certain she loves him and her feelings are reciprocated.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> Austen's complex sketching of different marriages ultimately allows readers to question what forms of alliance are desirable especially when it comes to privileging economic, sexual, companionate attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wealth">Wealth</span></h3>
<p>Money plays a fundamental role in the marriage market, for the young ladies seeking a well-off husband and for men who wish to marry a woman of means. George Wickham tries to elope with Georgiana Darcy, and Colonel Fitzwilliam states that he will marry someone with wealth. Marrying a woman of a rich family also ensured a linkage to a higher-class family, as is visible in the desires of Bingley's sisters to have their brother married to Georgiana Darcy. Mrs Bennet is frequently seen encouraging her daughters to marry a wealthy man of high social class. In chapter 1, when Mr Bingley arrives, she declares "I am thinking of his marrying one of them".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>Inheritance was by descent but could be further restricted by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fee_tail" title="Fee tail">entailment</a>, which in the case of the Longbourn estate restricted inheritance to male heirs only. In the case of the Bennet family, Mr Collins was to inherit the family estate upon Mr Bennet's death in the absence of any closer male heirs, and his proposal to Elizabeth would have ensured her security; but she refuses his offer. Inheritance laws benefited males because married women did not have independent legal rights until the second half of the 19th century. For the upper-middle and aristocratic classes, marriage to a man with a reliable income was almost the only route to security for the woman and the children she was to have.<sup id="cite_ref-Chung_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chung-17">[17]</a></sup> The irony of the opening line is that generally within this society it would be a woman who would be looking for a wealthy husband to have a prosperous life.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Class">Class</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:LadyCatherine_%26_Elisabeth.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LadyCatherine_%26_Elisabeth.jpg/220px-LadyCatherine_%26_Elisabeth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="851" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:LadyCatherine_%26_Elisabeth.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Lady Catherine and Elizabeth by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C._E._Brock" title="C. E. Brock">C. E. Brock</a>, 1895</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pickering_-_Greatbatch_-_Jane_Austen_-_Pride_and_Prejudice_-_This_is_not_to_be_borne,_Miss_Bennet.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pickering_-_Greatbatch_-_Jane_Austen_-_Pride_and_Prejudice_-_This_is_not_to_be_borne%2C_Miss_Bennet.jpg/220px-Pickering_-_Greatbatch_-_Jane_Austen_-_Pride_and_Prejudice_-_This_is_not_to_be_borne%2C_Miss_Bennet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="396" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="1097" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pickering_-_Greatbatch_-_Jane_Austen_-_Pride_and_Prejudice_-_This_is_not_to_be_borne,_Miss_Bennet.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Lady Catherine confronts Elizabeth about <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Darcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitzwilliam Darcy">Darcy</a>, on the title page of the first illustrated edition. This is the other of the first two illustrations of the novel.</div></div></div>
<p>Austen might be known now for her "romances" but the marriages in her novels engage with economics and class distinction. <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> is hardly the exception. When Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, he cites their economic and social differences as an obstacle his excessive love has had to overcome, though he still anxiously harps on the problems it poses for him within his social circle. His aunt, Lady Catherine, later characterises these differences in particularly harsh terms when she conveys what Elizabeth's marriage to Darcy will become, "Will the shades of Pemberley be thus polluted?" Although Elizabeth responds to Lady Catherine's accusations that hers is a potentially contaminating economic and social position (Elizabeth even insists she and Darcy, as gentleman's daughter and gentleman, are "equals"), Lady Catherine refuses to accept the possibility of Darcy's marriage to Elizabeth. However, as the novel closes, "…through curiosity to see how his wife conducted herself", Lady Catherine condescends to visit them at Pemberley.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Bingleys present a particular problem for navigating class. Though Caroline Bingley and Mrs Hurst behave and speak of others as if they have always belonged in the upper echelons of society, Austen makes it clear that the Bingley fortunes stem from trade. The fact that Bingley rents Netherfield Hall – it is, after all, "to let" – distinguishes him significantly from Darcy, whose estate belonged to his father's family and through his mother, is the grandson and nephew of an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">earl</a>. Bingley, unlike Darcy, does not own his property but has portable and growing wealth that makes him a good catch on the marriage market for poorer daughters of the gentry, like Jane Bennet, or of ambitious merchants. Class plays a central role in the evolution of the characters and Jane Austen's radical approach to class is seen as the plot unfolds.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>An undercurrent of the old <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Normans" title="Anglo-Normans">Anglo-Norman</a> upper class is hinted at in the story, as suggested by the names of Fitzwilliam Darcy and his aunt, Lady Catherine de Bourgh; <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fitzwilliam_(surname)" title="Fitzwilliam (surname)">Fitzwilliam</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darcy_(surname)" title="Darcy (surname)">D'Arcy</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/De_Burgh" title="De Burgh">de Bourgh</a></i> (<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burke" title="Burke">Burke</a></i>), and even <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennet_(surname)" title="Bennet (surname)">Bennet</a></i>, are traditional Norman surnames.<sup id="cite_ref-Doody2015_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doody2015-21">[21]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Self-knowledge">Self-knowledge</span></h3>
<p>Through their interactions and their critiques of each other, Darcy and Elizabeth come to recognise their faults and work to correct them. Elizabeth meditates on her own mistakes thoroughly in chapter 36:
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996844942"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"How despicably have I acted!" she cried; "I, who have prided myself on my discernment! I, who have valued myself on my abilities! who have often disdained the generous candour of my sister, and gratified my vanity in useless or blameable distrust. How humiliating is this discovery! yet, how just a humiliation! Had I been in love, I could not have been more wretchedly blind. But vanity, not love, has been my folly. Pleased with the preference of one, and offended by the neglect of the other, on the very beginning of our acquaintance, I have courted prepossession and ignorance, and driven reason away, where either were concerned. Till this moment I never knew myself."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>Other characters rarely exhibit this depth of understanding or at least are not given the space within the novel for this sort of development. Tanner writes that Mrs Bennet in particular, "has a very limited view of the requirements of that performance; lacking any introspective tendencies she is incapable of appreciating the feelings of others and is only aware of material objects".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> Mrs Bennet's behaviour reflects the society in which she lives, as she knows that her daughters will not succeed if they do not get married. "The business of her life was to get her daughters married: its solace was visiting and news."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> This shows that Mrs Bennet is only aware of "material objects" and not of her feelings and emotions.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> A notable exception is Charlotte Lucas, Elizabeth Bennet's close friend and confidant. She accepts Mr Collins's proposal of marriage once Lizzie rejects him, not out of sentiment but acute awareness of her circumstances as "one of a large family". Charlotte's decision is reflective of her prudent nature and awareness.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Style">Style</span></h2>
<p><i>Pride and Prejudice</i>, like most of Austen's works, employs the narrative technique of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free_indirect_speech" title="Free indirect speech">free indirect speech</a>, which has been defined as "the free representation of a character's speech, by which one means, not words actually spoken by a character, but the words that typify the character's thoughts, or the way the character would think or speak, if she thought or spoke".<sup id="cite_ref-miles_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miles-26">[26]</a></sup> Austen creates her characters with fully developed personalities and unique voices. Though Darcy and Elizabeth are very alike, they are also considerably different.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> By using narrative that adopts the tone and vocabulary of a particular character (in this case, Elizabeth), Austen invites the reader to follow events from Elizabeth's viewpoint, sharing her prejudices and misapprehensions. "The learning curve, while undergone by both protagonists, is disclosed to us solely through Elizabeth's point of view and her free indirect speech is essential ... for it is through it that we remain caught, if not stuck, within Elizabeth's misprisions."<sup id="cite_ref-miles_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miles-26">[26]</a></sup> The few times the reader is allowed to gain further knowledge of another character's feelings, is through the letters exchanged in this novel. Darcy's first letter to Elizabeth is an example of this as through his letter, the reader and Elizabeth are both given knowledge of Wickham's true character. Austen is known to use irony throughout the novel especially from viewpoint of the character of Elizabeth Bennet. She conveys the "oppressive rules of femininity that actually dominate her life and work, and are covered by her beautifully carved trojan horse of ironic distance."<sup id="cite_ref-Ashley_Tauchert_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashley_Tauchert-2">[2]</a></sup> Beginning with a historical investigation of the development of a particular literary form and then transitioning into empirical verifications, it reveals free indirect discourse as a tool that emerged over time as practical means for addressing the physical distinctness of minds. Seen in this way, free indirect discourse is a distinctly literary response to an environmental concern, providing a scientific justification that does not reduce literature to a mechanical extension of biology, but takes its value to be its own original form.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Development_of_the_novel">Development of the novel</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:262px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Letter_from_Jane_Austen_to_her_sister_Cassandra,_1799_June_11._Page_2_(NLA).tiff" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Letter_from_Jane_Austen_to_her_sister_Cassandra%2C_1799_June_11._Page_2_%28NLA%29.tiff/lossy-page1-260px-Letter_from_Jane_Austen_to_her_sister_Cassandra%2C_1799_June_11._Page_2_%28NLA%29.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="321" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="5424" data-file-height="6704" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Letter_from_Jane_Austen_to_her_sister_Cassandra,_1799_June_11._Page_2_(NLA).tiff" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Page 2 of a letter from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a> to her sister Cassandra (11 June 1799) in which she first mentions <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>, using its working title <i>First Impressions</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">(NLA)</a></div></div></div>
<p>Austen began writing the novel after staying at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goodnestone_Park" title="Goodnestone Park">Goodnestone Park</a> in Kent with her brother Edward and his wife in 1796.<sup id="cite_ref-History_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-29">[29]</a></sup> It was originally titled <i>First Impressions</i>, and was written between October 1796 and August 1797.<sup id="cite_ref-LeFaye_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeFaye-30">[30]</a></sup> On 1 November 1797 Austen's father sent a letter to London bookseller Thomas Cadell to ask if he had any interest in seeing the manuscript, but the offer was declined by return post.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers-31">[31]</a></sup> The militia were mobilised after the French declaration of war on Britain in February 1793, and there was initially a lack of barracks for all the militia regiments, requiring the militia to set up huge camps in the countryside, which the novel refers to several times.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> The Brighton camp for which the militia regiment leaves in May after spending the winter in Meryton was opened in August 1793, and the barracks for all the regiments of the militia were completed by 1796, placing the events of the novel between 1793 and 1795.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup>
</p><p>Austen made significant revisions to the manuscript for <i>First Impressions</i> between 1811 and 1812.<sup id="cite_ref-LeFaye_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeFaye-30">[30]</a></sup> As nothing remains of the original manuscript, we are reduced to conjecture. From the large number of letters in the final novel, it is assumed that <i>First Impressions</i> was an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epistolary_novel" title="Epistolary novel">epistolary novel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> She later renamed the story <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> around 1811/1812, when she sold the rights to publish the manuscript to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Egerton_(publisher)" title="Thomas Egerton (publisher)">Thomas Egerton</a> for £110<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> (equivalent to £7,800 in 2021). In renaming the novel, Austen probably had in mind the "sufferings and oppositions" summarised in the final chapter of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fanny_Burney" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanny Burney">Fanny Burney</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cecilia_(Burney_novel)" title="Cecilia (Burney novel)">Cecilia</a></i>, called "Pride and Prejudice", where the phrase appears three times in block capitals.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinion_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinion-10">[10]</a></sup> It is possible that the novel's original title was altered to avoid confusion with other works. In the years between the completion of <i>First Impressions</i> and its revision into <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>, two other works had been published under that name: a novel by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Margaret_Holford" title="Margaret Holford">Margaret Holford</a> and a comedy by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horace_Smith_(poet)" title="Horace Smith (poet)">Horace Smith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Publication_history">Publication history</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Brock_Pride_and_Prejudice.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/09/Brock_Pride_and_Prejudice.jpg/220px-Brock_Pride_and_Prejudice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="928" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Brock_Pride_and_Prejudice.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Title page of a 1907 edition illustrated by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C._E._Brock" title="C. E. Brock">C. E. Brock</a></div></div></div>
<p>Austen sold the copyright for the novel to Thomas Egerton from the Military Library, Whitehall in exchange for £110 (Austen had asked for £150).<sup id="cite_ref-OWC_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OWC-36">[36]</a></sup> This proved a costly decision. Austen had published <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility" title="Sense and Sensibility">Sense and Sensibility</a></i> on a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commission_(art)" title="Commission (art)">commission</a> basis, whereby she <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indemnity" title="Indemnity">indemnified</a> the publisher against any losses and received any profits, less costs and the publisher's commission. Unaware that <i>Sense and Sensibility</i> would sell out its edition, making her £140,<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers-31">[31]</a></sup> she passed the copyright to Egerton for a one-off payment, meaning that all the risk (and all the profits) would be his. Jan Fergus has calculated that Egerton subsequently made around £450 from just the first two editions of the book.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergus_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergus-37">[37]</a></sup>
</p><p>Egerton published the first edition of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> in three hardcover volumes on 28 January 1813.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> It was advertised in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Morning_Chronicle" title="The Morning Chronicle">The Morning Chronicle</a></i>, priced at 18s.<sup id="cite_ref-LeFaye_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeFaye-30">[30]</a></sup> Favourable reviews saw this edition sold out, with a second edition published in October that year. A third edition was published in 1817.<sup id="cite_ref-OWC_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OWC-36">[36]</a></sup>
</p><p>Foreign language translations first appeared in 1813 in French; subsequent translations were published in German, Danish, and Swedish.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> was first published in the United States in August 1832 as <i>Elizabeth Bennet or, Pride and Prejudice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-OWC_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OWC-36">[36]</a></sup> The novel was also included in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Bentley_(publisher)" title="Richard Bentley (publisher)">Richard Bentley</a>'s Standard Novel series in 1833. R. W. Chapman's scholarly edition of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>, first published in 1923, has become the standard edition on which many modern published versions of the novel are based.<sup id="cite_ref-OWC_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OWC-36">[36]</a></sup>
</p><p>The novel was originally published anonymously, as were all of Austen's novels. However, whereas her first published novel, <i>Sense and Sensibility</i> was presented as being written "by a Lady," <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> was attributed to "the Author of <i>Sense and Sensibility</i>". This began to consolidate a conception of Austen as an author, albeit anonymously. Her subsequent novels were similarly attributed to the anonymous author of all her then-published works.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reception_history_of_Jane_Austen" title="Reception history of Jane Austen">Reception history of Jane Austen</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="At_first_publication">At first publication</span></h3>
<p>The novel was well received, with three favourable reviews in the first months following publication.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergus_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergus-37">[37]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anne_Isabella_Milbanke" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Isabella Milbanke">Anne Isabella Milbanke</a>, later to be the wife of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, called it "the fashionable novel".<sup id="cite_ref-Fergus_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergus-37">[37]</a></sup> Noted critic and reviewer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Henry_Lewes" title="George Henry Lewes">George Henry Lewes</a> declared that he "would rather have written <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>, or <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_History_of_Tom_Jones,_a_Foundling" title="The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling">Tom Jones</a></i>, than any of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waverley_Novels" title="Waverley Novels">Waverley Novels</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Southam_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Southam-40">[40]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">Charlotte Brontë</a>, however, in a letter to Lewes, wrote that <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> was a disappointment, "a carefully fenced, highly cultivated garden, with neat borders and delicate flowers; but ... no open country, no fresh air, no blue hill, no bonny beck".<sup id="cite_ref-Southam_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Southam-40">[40]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup>
</p><p>Austen for her part thought the "playfulness and epigrammaticism" of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> was excessive, complaining in a letter to her sister Cassandra in 1813 that the novel lacked "shade" and should have had a chapter "of solemn specious nonsense, about something unconnected with the story; an essay on writing, a critique on Walter Scott or the history of Buonaparté".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a> wrote in his journal, "Read again and for the third time at least, Miss Austen's very finely written novel of Pride and Prejudice."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="20th_century">20th century</span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1062260506">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{background-color:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 85%;">
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<div class="poem">
<p>You could not shock her more than she shocks me,<br />
Beside her <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a> seems innocent as grass.<br />
It makes me most uncomfortable to see<br />
An English spinster of the middle class<br />
Describe the amorous effects of 'brass',<br />
Reveal so frankly and with such sobriety<br />
The economic basis of society.
</p>
</div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a> (1937) on Austen<sup id="cite_ref-Southam_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Southam-40">[40]</a></sup>
</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p>The American scholar <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudia_L._Johnson" title="Claudia L. Johnson">Claudia L. Johnson</a> defended the novel from the criticism that it has an unrealistic fairy-tale quality.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74-44">[44]</a></sup> One critic, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_Poovey" title="Mary Poovey">Mary Poovey</a>, wrote that the "romantic conclusion" of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> is an attempt to hedge the conflict between the "individualistic perspective inherent in the bourgeois value system <i>and</i> the authoritarian hierarchy retained from traditional, paternalistic society".<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74-44">[44]</a></sup> Johnson wrote that Austen's view of a power structure capable of reformation was not an "escape" from conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74-44">[44]</a></sup> Johnson wrote the "outrageous unconventionality" of Elizabeth Bennet was in Austen's own time very daring, especially given the strict censorship that was imposed in Britain by the Prime Minister, William Pitt, in the 1790s when Austen wrote <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74-44">[44]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="21st_century">21st century</span></h3>
<ul><li>In 2003 the BBC conducted a poll for the "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Big_Read" title="The Big Read">UK's Best-Loved Book</a>" in which <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> came second, behind <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup></li>
<li>In a 2008 survey of more than 15,000 Australian readers, <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> came first in a list of the 101 best books ever written.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup></li>
<li>The 200th anniversary of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> on 28 January 2013 was celebrated around the globe by media networks such as the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schuessler_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuessler-48">[48]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Pride and Prejudice</i> is one of Five Books most recommended books with philosophers, literary scholars, authors and journalists citing it as an influential text.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Adaptations">Adaptations</span></h2>
<h3><span id="Film.2C_television_and_theatre"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Film,_television_and_theatre">Film, television and theatre</span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jane_Austen_in_popular_culture#Pride_and_Prejudice_(1813)" title="Jane Austen in popular culture">Jane Austen in popular culture – Pride and Prejudice</a></div>
<p>Numerous screen adaptations have contributed in popularising <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-fullerton_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fullerton-55">[55]</a></sup> The first television adaptation of the novel, written by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Barry_(television_producer)" title="Michael Barry (television producer)">Michael Barry</a>, was produced in 1938 by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. It is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lost_television_broadcast" title="Lost television broadcast">lost television broadcast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fullerton_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fullerton-55">[55]</a></sup> Some of the notable film versions include <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_(1940_film)" title="Pride and Prejudice (1940 film)">the 1940 Academy Award-winning film</a>, starring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greer_Garson" title="Greer Garson">Greer Garson</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> (based in part on Helen Jerome's 1936 stage adaptation) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_%26_Prejudice_(2005_film)" title="Pride & Prejudice (2005 film)">that of 2005</a>, starring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keira_Knightley" title="Keira Knightley">Keira Knightley</a> (an Oscar-nominated performance) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matthew_Macfadyen" title="Matthew Macfadyen">Matthew Macfadyen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> Notable television versions include two by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>: a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_(1980_TV_series)" title="Pride and Prejudice (1980 TV series)">1980 version</a> starring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Garvie" title="Elizabeth Garvie">Elizabeth Garvie</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Rintoul" title="David Rintoul">David Rintoul</a> and the popular <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_(1995_TV_series)" title="Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series)">1995 version</a>, starring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jennifer_Ehle" title="Jennifer Ehle">Jennifer Ehle</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a>. This also includes <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bride_and_Prejudice" title="Bride and Prejudice">Bride and Prejudice</a></i> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trishna_(TV_series)" title="Trishna (TV series)">Trishna</a></i> (1985 Hindi TV Series).
</p><p>A 1936 stage version was created by Helen Jerome played at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St_James%27s_Theatre" title="St James's Theatre">St James's Theatre</a> in London, starring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Celia_Johnson" title="Celia Johnson">Celia Johnson</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hugh_Williams" title="Hugh Williams">Hugh Williams</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Impressions_(musical)" title="First Impressions (musical)">First Impressions</a></i> was a 1959 Broadway musical version starring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polly_Bergen" title="Polly Bergen">Polly Bergen</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Farley_Granger" title="Farley Granger">Farley Granger</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hermione_Gingold" title="Hermione Gingold">Hermione Gingold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup> In 1995, a musical concept album was written by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernard_J._Taylor" title="Bernard J. Taylor">Bernard J. Taylor</a>, with Claire Moore in the role of Elizabeth Bennet and Peter Karrie in the role of Mr Darcy.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup> A new stage production, <i>Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, The New Musical</i>, was presented in concert on 21 October 2008 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a>, New York, with Colin Donnell as Darcy.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup> The Swedish composer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_Nelson_(Swedish_composer)" title="Daniel Nelson (Swedish composer)">Daniel Nelson</a> based his 2011 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stolthet_och_f%C3%B6rdom" title="Stolthet och fördom">Stolthet och fördom</a></i> on <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup>
</p><p><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Lizzie_Bennet_Diaries" title="The Lizzie Bennet Diaries">The Lizzie Bennet Diaries</a></i> - which premiered on a dedicated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube channel</a> on April 9, 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-LBD1_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LBD1-62">[62]</a></sup> and concluded on March 28, 2013<sup id="cite_ref-LBD100_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LBD100-63">[63]</a></sup> - is an Emmy award-winning web-series<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup> which recounts the story via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vlogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlogs">vlogs</a> recorded primarily by the Bennet sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup> It was created by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hank_Green" title="Hank Green">Hank Green</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernie_Su" title="Bernie Su">Bernie Su</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup>
</p><p><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fire_Island_(film)" title="Fire Island (film)">Fire Island</a></i> is a movie written by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joel_Kim_Booster" title="Joel Kim Booster">Joel Kim Booster</a> that reimagines <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> as a gay drama set on the quintessential gay vacation destination of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fire_Island" title="Fire Island">Fire Island</a>. Booster describes the movie "as an unapologetic and modern twist on Jane Austen’s <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup> The movie was released in June 2022 and features a main cast of Asian-American actors.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Literature">Literature</span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_literary_adaptations_of_Pride_and_Prejudice" title="List of literary adaptations of Pride and Prejudice">List of literary adaptations of Pride and Prejudice</a></div>
<p>The novel has inspired a number of other works that are not direct adaptations. Books inspired by <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> include the following:
</p>
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mr._Darcy%27s_Daughters" title="Mr. Darcy's Daughters">Mr Darcy's Daughters</a></i> and <i>The Exploits and Adventures of Miss Alethea Darcy</i> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Aston" title="Elizabeth Aston">Elizabeth Aston</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darcy%27s_Story" title="Darcy's Story">Darcy's Story</a></i> (a best seller) and <i>Dialogue with Darcy</i> by Janet Aylmer</li>
<li><i>Pemberley: Or Pride and Prejudice Continued</i> and <i>An Unequal Marriage: Or Pride and Prejudice Twenty Years Later</i> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emma_Tennant" title="Emma Tennant">Emma Tennant</a></li>
<li><i>The Book of Ruth</i> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helen_Baker_(author)" title="Helen Baker (author)">Helen Baker</a></li>
<li><i>Jane Austen Ruined My Life</i> and <i>Mr. Darcy Broke My Heart</i> by Beth Pattillo</li>
<li><i> Precipitation – A Continuation of Miss Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice </i> by Helen Baker</li>
<li><i>Searching for Pemberley</i> by Mary Simonsen</li>
<li><i>Mr. Darcy Takes a Wife</i> and its sequel <i>Darcy & Elizabeth: Nights and Days at Pemberley</i> by Linda Berdoll</li></ul>
<p>In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gwyn_Cready" title="Gwyn Cready">Gwyn Cready</a>'s comedic romance novel, <i>Seducing Mr Darcy</i>, the heroine lands in <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> by way of magic massage, has a fling with Darcy and unknowingly changes the rest of the story.
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abigail_Reynolds_(writer)" title="Abigail Reynolds (writer)">Abigail Reynolds</a> is the author of seven Regency-set variations on <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>. Her Pemberley Variations series includes <i>Mr Darcy's Obsession</i>, <i>To Conquer Mr Darcy</i>, <i>What Would Mr Darcy Do</i> and <i>Mr Fitzwilliam Darcy: The Last Man in the World</i>. Her modern adaptation, <i>The Man Who Loved Pride and Prejudice</i>, is set on Cape Cod.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup>
</p><p>Bella Breen is the author of nine variations on <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>. <i>Pride and Prejudice and Poison</i>, <i>Four Months to Wed</i>, <i>Forced to Marry</i> and <i>The Rescue of Elizabeth Bennet</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup>
</p><p>Helen Fielding's 1996 novel <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bridget_Jones%27s_Diary_(novel)" title="Bridget Jones's Diary (novel)">Bridget Jones's Diary</a></i> is also based on <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>; the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bridget_Jones%27s_Diary_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridget Jones's Diary (film)">feature film of Fielding's work</a>, released in 2001, stars <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a>, who had played Mr Darcy in the successful 1990s TV adaptation.
</p><p>In March 2009, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Grahame-Smith" title="Seth Grahame-Smith">Seth Grahame-Smith</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_and_Zombies" title="Pride and Prejudice and Zombies">Pride and Prejudice and Zombies</a></i> takes Austen's work and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mashup_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashup (book)">mashes</a> it up with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zombie_(fictional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zombie (fictional)">zombie</a> hordes, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cannibalism" title="Cannibalism">cannibalism</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ninja" title="Ninja">ninja</a> and ultraviolent mayhem.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup> In March 2010, Quirk Books published a prequel by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Hockensmith" title="Steve Hockensmith">Steve Hockensmith</a> that deals with Elizabeth Bennet's early days as a zombie hunter, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_and_Zombies:_Dawn_of_the_Dreadfuls" title="Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: Dawn of the Dreadfuls">Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: Dawn of the Dreadfuls</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_and_Zombies_(film)" title="Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (film)">2016 film</a> of Grahame-Smith's adaptation was released starring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lily_James" title="Lily James">Lily James</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sam_Riley" title="Sam Riley">Sam Riley</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matt_Smith_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matt Smith (actor)">Matt Smith</a>.
</p><p>In 2011, author <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mitzi_Szereto" title="Mitzi Szereto">Mitzi Szereto</a> expanded on the novel in <i>Pride and Prejudice: Hidden Lusts</i>, a historical sex parody that parallels the original plot and writing style of Jane Austen.
</p><p>Marvel has also published their take on this classic by releasing a short comic series of five issues that stays true to the original storyline. The first issue was published on 1 April 2009 and was written by Nancy Hajeski.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup> It was published as a graphic novel in 2010 with artwork by Hugo Petrus.
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pamela_Aidan" title="Pamela Aidan">Pamela Aidan</a> is the author of a trilogy of books telling the story of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> from Mr Darcy's point of view: <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Darcy,_Gentleman" title="Fitzwilliam Darcy, Gentleman">Fitzwilliam Darcy, Gentleman</a></i>. The books are <i>An Assembly Such as This</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup> <i>Duty and Desire</i><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup> and <i>These Three Remain</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup>
</p><p>Detective novel author <a href="/enwiki/wiki/P._D._James" title="P. D. James">P. D. James</a> has written a book titled <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_Comes_to_Pemberley" title="Death Comes to Pemberley">Death Comes to Pemberley</a></i>, which is a murder mystery set six years after Elizabeth and Darcy's marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandra_Lerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandra Lerner">Sandra Lerner</a>'s sequel to <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>, <i>Second Impressions</i>, develops the story and imagined what might have happened to the original novel's characters. It is written in the style of Austen after extensive research into the period and language and published in 2011 under the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a> of Ava Farmer.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer-78">[78]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jo_Baker_(novelist)" title="Jo Baker (novelist)">Jo Baker</a>'s bestselling 2013 novel <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Longbourn" title="Longbourn">Longbourn</a></i> imagines the lives of the servants of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup> A cinematic adaptation of <i>Longbourn</i> was due to start filming in late 2018, directed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sharon_Maguire" title="Sharon Maguire">Sharon Maguire</a>, who also directed <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bridget_Jones%27s_Diary_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridget Jones's Diary (film)">Bridget Jones's Diary</a></i> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bridget_Jones%27s_Baby" title="Bridget Jones's Baby">Bridget Jones's Baby</a></i>, screenplay by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jessica_Swale" title="Jessica Swale">Jessica Swale</a>, produced by Random House Films and StudioCanal.<sup id="cite_ref-thebookseller.com_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thebookseller.com-80">[80]</a></sup> The novel was also adapted for radio, appearing on BBC Radio 4's <i>Book at Bedtime</i>, abridged by Sara Davies and read by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sophie_Thompson" title="Sophie Thompson">Sophie Thompson</a>. It was first broadcast in May 2014; and again on Radio 4 Extra in September 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the novel <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eligible_(novel)" title="Eligible (novel)">Eligible</a></i>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Curtis_Sittenfeld" title="Curtis Sittenfeld">Curtis Sittenfeld</a> sets the characters of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i> in modern-day Cincinnati, where the Bennet parents, erstwhile Cincinnati social climbers, have fallen on hard times. Elizabeth, a successful and independent New York journalist, and her single older sister Jane must intervene to salvage the family's financial situation and get their unemployed adult sisters to move out of the house and onward in life. In the process they encounter Chip Bingley, a young doctor and reluctant reality TV celebrity, and his medical school classmate, Fitzwilliam Darcy, a cynical neurosurgeon.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup>
</p><p><i>Pride and Prejudice</i> has also inspired works of scientific writing. In 2010, scientists named a pheromone identified in male mouse urine <i>darcin</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup> after Mr Darcy, because it strongly attracted females. In 2016, a scientific paper published in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Journal_of_Inherited_Metabolic_Disease" title="Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease">Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease</a></i> speculated that Mrs Bennet may have been a carrier of a rare genetic disease, explaining why the Bennets didn't have any sons, and why some of the Bennet sisters are so silly.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup>
</p><p>In summer 2014, Udon Entertainment's Manga Classics line published a manga adaptation of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Janet_M._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Janet M. Todd">Janet M. Todd</a> (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TVcNgW5uH5oC&pg=PA127">Books.Google.com</a>, Jane Austen in Context, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> p. 127</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Ashley_Tauchert-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ashley_Tauchert_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ashley_Tauchert_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFTauchert2003" class="citation journal cs1">Tauchert, Ashley (2003). "Mary Wollstonecraft and Jane Austen: 'Rape' and 'Love' as (Feminist) Social Realism and Romance". <i>Women</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 144. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09574040310107">10.1080/09574040310107</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170233564">170233564</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women&rft.atitle=Mary+Wollstonecraft+and+Jane+Austen%3A+%27Rape%27+and+%27Love%27+as+%28Feminist%29+Social+Realism+and+Romance&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=144&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09574040310107&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170233564%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Tauchert&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No love for Lydia: The fate of desire in Pride and Prejudice Allen DW 1985.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFAusten2010" class="citation book cs1">Austen, Jane (5 August 2010). <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 2. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-278986-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-278986-0"><bdi>978-0-19-278986-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010-08-05&rft.isbn=978-0-19-278986-0&rft.aulast=Austen&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRothman2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Rothman, Joshua (7 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/on-charlotte-lucass-choice">"On Charlotte Lucas's Choice"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=On+Charlotte+Lucas%27s+Choice&rft.date=2013-02-07&rft.aulast=Rothman&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fbooks%2Fpage-turner%2Fon-charlotte-lucass-choice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-fox-ncf-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fox-ncf_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFFox1962" class="citation journal cs1">Fox, Robert C. (September 1962). "Elizabeth Bennet: Prejudice or Vanity?". <i>Nineteenth-Century Fiction</i>. <b>17</b> (2): 185–187. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2932520">10.2307/2932520</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.jstor.org/stable/2932520">2932520</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nineteenth-Century+Fiction&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Bennet%3A+Prejudice+or+Vanity%3F&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=185-187&rft.date=1962-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2932520&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2932520%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-pride,_n.1" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=pride%2C+n.%3Csup%3E1%3C%2Fsup%3E">"pride, n.<sup>1</sup>"</a></span>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=pride%2C+n.%3Csup%3E1%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foed.com%2Fsearch%3FsearchType%3Ddictionary%26q%3Dpride%252C%2Bn.%253Csup%253E1%253C%252Fsup%253E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color:#555">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-teltitle-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teltitle_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teltitle_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDexter2008" class="citation news cs1">Dexter, Gary (10 August 2008). <span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3558295/How-Pride-And-Prejudice-got-its-name.html">"How Pride And Prejudice got its name"</a></span>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3558295/How-Pride-And-Prejudice-got-its-name.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=How+Pride+And+Prejudice+got+its+name&rft.date=2008-08-10&rft.aulast=Dexter&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2F3558295%2FHow-Pride-And-Prejudice-got-its-name.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Burney1782-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burney1782_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBurney1782" class="citation book cs1">Burney, Fanny (1782). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ceciliaormemoir13burngoog"><i>Cecilia: Or, Memoirs of an Heiress</i></a>. T. Payne and son and T. Cadell. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ceciliaormemoir13burngoog/page/n384">379</a>–380.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cecilia%3A+Or%2C+Memoirs+of+an+Heiress&rft.pages=379-380&rft.pub=T.+Payne+and+son+and+T.+Cadell&rft.date=1782&rft.aulast=Burney&rft.aufirst=Fanny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fceciliaormemoir13burngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Pinion-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pinion_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinion_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinion_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPinion1973" class="citation book cs1">Pinion, F B (1973). <i>A Jane Austen. Companion</i>. Macmillan. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-12489-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-12489-5"><bdi>978-0-333-12489-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Jane+Austen.+Companion&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-333-12489-5&rft.aulast=Pinion&rft.aufirst=F+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFAusten" class="citation book cs1">Austen, Jane. <i>Pride and Prejudice, Ch 61</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pride+and+Prejudice%2C+Ch+61&rft.aulast=Austen&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Intro-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Intro_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFQuindlen1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anna_Quindlen" title="Anna Quindlen">Quindlen, Anna</a> (1995). Introduction. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northangerabbeyb00aust_1"><i>Pride and Prejudice</i></a>. By Austen, Jane. New York: Modern Library. p. vii. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-60168-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-60168-5"><bdi>978-0-679-60168-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=vii&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-679-60168-5&rft.aulast=Quindlen&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthangerabbeyb00aust_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFAusten" class="citation book cs1">Austen, Jane. <i>Pride and Prejudice, Ch 1</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pride+and+Prejudice%2C+Ch+1&rft.aulast=Austen&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGao2013" class="citation journal cs1">Gao, Haiyan (February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4304%2Ftpls.3.2.384-388">"Jane Austen's Ideal Man in Pride and Prejudice"</a>. <i>Theory and Practice in Language Studies</i>. <b>3</b> (2): 384–388. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4304%2Ftpls.3.2.384-388">10.4304/tpls.3.2.384-388</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theory+and+Practice+in+Language+Studies&rft.atitle=Jane+Austen%27s+Ideal+Man+in+Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=384-388&rft.date=2013-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4304%2Ftpls.3.2.384-388&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Haiyan&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4304%252Ftpls.3.2.384-388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2004" class="citation thesis cs1">Schmidt, Katrin (2004). <i>The role of marriage in Jane Austen's 'Pride and Prejudice'<span></span></i> (thesis). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="University of Münster">University of Münster</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783638849210" title="Special:BookSources/9783638849210"><bdi>9783638849210</bdi></a>. <q>compare the different kinds of marriages described in the novel</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+role+of+marriage+in+Jane+Austen%27s+%27Pride+and+Prejudice%27&rft.inst=University+of+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9783638849210&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Katrin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFAusten1813" class="citation book cs1">Austen, Jane (1813). <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1813&rft.aulast=Austen&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Chung-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chung_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFChung2013" class="citation journal cs1">Chung, Ching-Yi (July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2612757">"Gender and class oppression in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice"</a>. <i>IRWLE</i>. <b>9</b> (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IRWLE&rft.atitle=Gender+and+class+oppression+in+Jane+Austen%27s+Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2013-07&rft.aulast=Chung&rft.aufirst=Ching-Yi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2612757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharyya2005" class="citation book cs1">Bhattacharyya, Jibesh (2005). "A critical analysis of the novel". <i>Jane Austen's Pride and prejudice</i>. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 19. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126905492" title="Special:BookSources/9788126905492"><bdi>9788126905492</bdi></a>. <q>The irony of the opening sentence is revealed when we find Mrs Bennett needs a single man with a good fortune…for…any one of her five single daughters</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+critical+analysis+of+the+novel&rft.btitle=Jane+Austen%27s+Pride+and+prejudice&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9788126905492&rft.aulast=Bhattacharyya&rft.aufirst=Jibesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Pride and Pejudice</i>. Vol. 3 (1813 ed.). pp. 322–3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pride+and+Pejudice&rft.pages=322-3&rft.edition=1813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michie, Elsie B. "Social Distinction in Jane Austen, <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>, 1813, edited by Donald Gray and Mary A. Favret, fourth Norton critical edition (2016). pp. 370–81.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Doody2015-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doody2015_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDoody2015" class="citation book cs1">Doody, Margaret (14 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VW7_BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA72"><i>Jane Austen's Names: Riddles, Persons, Places</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. p. 72. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226196022" title="Special:BookSources/9780226196022"><bdi>9780226196022</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane+Austen%27s+Names%3A+Riddles%2C+Persons%2C+Places&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2015-04-14&rft.isbn=9780226196022&rft.aulast=Doody&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVW7_BgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFAusten" class="citation book cs1">Austen, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1342/1342-h/1342-h.htm#link2HCH0036">"36"</a>. <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=36&rft.btitle=Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.aulast=Austen&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F1342%2F1342-h%2F1342-h.htm%23link2HCH0036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFTanner1986" class="citation book cs1">Tanner, Tony (1986). <i>Knowledge and Opinion: Pride and Prejudice</i>. Macmillan Education Ltd. p. 124. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0333323175" title="Special:BookSources/978-0333323175"><bdi>978-0333323175</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knowledge+and+Opinion%3A+Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Macmillan+Education+Ltd.&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0333323175&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFAusten2016" class="citation book cs1">Austen, Jane (2016). <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>. W.W. Norton & Company Inc. p. 7. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-26488-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-26488-3"><bdi>978-0-393-26488-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company+Inc.&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-393-26488-3&rft.aulast=Austen&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFTanner1986" class="citation book cs1">Tanner, Tony (1986). <i>Knowledge and Opinion: Pride and Prejudice</i>. Macmillan Education Ltd. p. 124. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0333323175" title="Special:BookSources/978-0333323175"><bdi>978-0333323175</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knowledge+and+Opinion%3A+Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Macmillan+Education+Ltd.&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0333323175&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-miles-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miles_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMiles2003" class="citation book cs1">Miles, Robert (2003). <i>Jane Austen</i>. Writers and Their Work. Tavistock: Northcote House in association with the British Council. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7463-0876-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7463-0876-9"><bdi>978-0-7463-0876-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane+Austen&rft.place=Tavistock&rft.series=Writers+and+Their+Work&rft.pub=Northcote+House+in+association+with+the+British+Council&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7463-0876-9&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Amy. "Caught In The Act Of Greatness: Jane Austen's Characterization Of Elizabeth And Darcy By Sentence Structure In <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>." <i>Explicator</i> 72.3 (2014): 169–178. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 February 2016.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFFletcherBenveniste2013" class="citation journal cs1">Fletcher, Angus; Benveniste, Mike (Winter 2013). "A Scientific Justification for Literature: Jane Austen's Free Indirect Style as Ethical Tool". <i>Journal of Narrative Theory</i>. <b>43</b> (1): 13. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjnt.2013.0011">10.1353/jnt.2013.0011</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143290360">143290360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Narrative+Theory&rft.atitle=A+Scientific+Justification+for+Literature%3A+Jane+Austen%27s+Free+Indirect+Style+as+Ethical+Tool&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjnt.2013.0011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143290360%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Angus&rft.au=Benveniste%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-History-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-History_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodnestoneparkgardens.co.uk/history-of-goodnestone.php">"History of Goodnestone"</a>. Goodnestone Park Gardens<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Goodnestone&rft.pub=Goodnestone+Park+Gardens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodnestoneparkgardens.co.uk%2Fhistory-of-goodnestone.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-LeFaye-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LeFaye_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeFaye_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeFaye_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFLe_Faye,_Deidre2002" class="citation book cs1">Le Faye, Deidre (2002). <i>Jane Austen: The World of Her Novels</i>. New York: Harry N. Abrams. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-3285-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-3285-2"><bdi>978-0-8109-3285-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane+Austen%3A+The+World+of+Her+Novels&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-3285-2&rft.au=Le+Faye%2C+Deidre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Rogers-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rogers_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogers_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogers_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRogers2006" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Pat, ed. (2006). <i>The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82514-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82514-6"><bdi>978-0-521-82514-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Edition+of+the+Works+of+Jane+Austen%3A+Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-82514-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irvine, Robert <i>Jane Austen</i>, London: Routledge, 2005 page 57.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irvine, Robert <i>Jane Austen</i>, London: Routledge, 2005, pp. 56–57.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This theory is defended in "Character and Caricature in Jane Austen" by DW Harding in <i>Critical Essays on Jane Austen</i> (BC Southam Edition, London 1968) and Brian Southam in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFSoutham2001" class="citation book cs1">Southam, B.C. (2001). <i>Jane Austen's literary manuscripts : a study of the novelist's development through the surviving papers</i> (New ed.). London: the Athlone press / Continuum. pp. 58–59. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826490704" title="Special:BookSources/9780826490704"><bdi>9780826490704</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane+Austen%27s+literary+manuscripts+%3A+a+study+of+the+novelist%27s+development+through+the+surviving+papers&rft.place=London&rft.pages=58-59&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=the+Athlone+press+%2F+Continuum&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780826490704&rft.aulast=Southam&rft.aufirst=B.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFIrvine2005" class="citation book cs1">Irvine, Robert (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n0LmV_Rcb3QC&pg=PA56"><i>Jane Austen</i></a>. London: Routledge. p. 56. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31435-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31435-0"><bdi>978-0-415-31435-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane+Austen&rft.place=London&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-31435-0&rft.aulast=Irvine&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn0LmV_Rcb3QC%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-OWC-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OWC_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OWC_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OWC_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OWC_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFStafford2004" class="citation book cs1">Stafford, Fiona (2004). "Notes on the Text". <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>. Oxford World's Classics (ed. James Kinley). Oxford University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280238-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280238-5"><bdi>978-0-19-280238-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Notes+on+the+Text&rft.btitle=Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.series=Oxford+World%27s+Classics+%28ed.+James+Kinley%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280238-5&rft.aulast=Stafford&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Fergus-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fergus_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergus_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergus_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFFergus1997" class="citation book cs1">Fergus, Jan (1997). "The professional woman writer". In Copeland, E.; McMaster, J. (eds.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-49867-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-49867-8"><bdi>978-0-521-49867-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+professional+woman+writer&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Jane+Austen&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-49867-8&rft.aulast=Fergus&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFHowse2012" class="citation news cs1">Howse, Christopher (28 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121231203151/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9770133/Anniversaries-of-2013.html">"Anniversaries of 2013"</a>. <i>Daily Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9770133/Anniversaries-of-2013.html">the original</a> on 31 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Anniversaries+of+2013&rft.date=2012-12-28&rft.aulast=Howse&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fhistory%2F9770133%2FAnniversaries-of-2013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFCossySaglia2005" class="citation book cs1">Cossy, Valérie; Saglia, Diego (2005). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Janet_Todd" title="Janet Todd">Todd, Janet</a> (ed.). <i>Translations</i>. <i>Jane Austen in Context</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82644-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82644-0"><bdi>978-0-521-82644-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Translations&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-82644-0&rft.aulast=Cossy&rft.aufirst=Val%C3%A9rie&rft.au=Saglia%2C+Diego&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Southam-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Southam_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Southam_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Southam_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFSoutham1995" class="citation book cs1">Southam, B.C., ed. (1995). <i>Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage</i>. Vol. 1. New York: Routledge. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13456-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13456-9"><bdi>978-0-415-13456-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane+Austen%3A+The+Critical+Heritage&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-415-13456-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBarker2016" class="citation book cs1">Barker, Juliet (2016). <i>The Brontës: a life in letters</i>. Barker, Juliet R.V. (2016 ed.). London. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408708316" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408708316"><bdi>978-1408708316</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/oclc/926822509">926822509</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bront%C3%ABs%3A+a+life+in+letters&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2016&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F926822509&rft.isbn=978-1408708316&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Juliet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudia_L._Johnson" title="Claudia L. Johnson">Johnson, Claudia L.</a> (1988). <i>Jane Austen: Women, Politics, and the Novel</i>. University of Chicago Press. p. 73. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226401393" title="Special:BookSources/9780226401393"><bdi>9780226401393</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane+Austen%3A+Women%2C+Politics%2C+and+the+Novel&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780226401393&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Claudia+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFScott1998" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Walter (1998). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journalofsirwalt0000scot_x1l6"><i>The journal of Sir Walter Scott</i></a></span>. Anderson, W.E.K. Edinburgh: Canongate. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0862418283" title="Special:BookSources/0862418283"><bdi>0862418283</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/oclc/40905767">40905767</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+journal+of+Sir+Walter+Scott&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Canongate&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40905767&rft.isbn=0862418283&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjournalofsirwalt0000scot_x1l6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson,_Claudia_page_74_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson (1988) p.74</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100.shtml">"BBC – The Big Read – Top 100 Books"</a>. May 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+The+Big+Read+%E2%80%93+Top+100+Books&rft.date=2003-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Farts%2Fbigread%2Ftop100.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529172315/http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=182&ContentID=59459">"Aussie readers vote Pride and Prejudice best book"</a>. thewest.com.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=182&ContentID=59459">the original</a> on 29 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aussie+readers+vote+Pride+and+Prejudice+best+book&rft.pub=thewest.com.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewest.com.au%2Fdefault.aspx%3FMenuID%3D182%26ContentID%3D59459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/28/200th-anniversary-of-pride-prejudice_n_2563806.html">"200th Anniversary of <i>Pride And Prejudice</i>: A HuffPost Books Austenganza"</a>. <i>The Huffington Post</i>. 2013-01-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=200th+Anniversary+of+Pride+And+Prejudice%3A+A+HuffPost+Books+Austenganza&rft.date=2013-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F01%2F28%2F200th-anniversary-of-pride-prejudice_n_2563806.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Schuessler-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schuessler_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFSchuessler2013" class="citation news cs1">Schuessler, Jennifer (28 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/28/austen-fans-to-celebrate-200-years-of-pride-and-prejudice/?_r=0">"Austen Fans to Celebrate 200 Years of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Austen+Fans+to+Celebrate+200+Years+of+Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.date=2013-01-28&rft.aulast=Schuessler&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F01%2F28%2Fausten-fans-to-celebrate-200-years-of-pride-and-prejudice%2F%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130129054232/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturevideo/booksvideo/9830981/Jane-Austen-celebrated-on-200th-anniversary-of-Pride-and-Prejudice-publication.html">"Video: Jane Austen celebrated on 200th anniversary of Pride and Prejudice publication"</a>. <i>Telegraph.co.uk</i>. 28 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturevideo/booksvideo/9830981/Jane-Austen-celebrated-on-200th-anniversary-of-Pride-and-Prejudice-publication.html">the original</a> on 29 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Video%3A+Jane+Austen+celebrated+on+200th+anniversary+of+Pride+and+Prejudice+publication&rft.date=2013-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fculturevideo%2Fbooksvideo%2F9830981%2FJane-Austen-celebrated-on-200th-anniversary-of-Pride-and-Prejudice-publication.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFABC_News" class="citation web cs1">ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/pride-prejudice-200th-anniversary-18339770">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Pride and Prejudice' 200th Anniversary"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=%27Pride+and+Prejudice%27+200th+Anniversary&rft.au=ABC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FWNT%2Fvideo%2Fpride-prejudice-200th-anniversary-18339770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.queensbridgepublishing.com/p/prideandprejudicebyjaneausten.html">"Queensbridge Publishing: Pride and Prejudice 200th Anniversary Edition by Jane Austen"</a>. <i>queensbridgepublishing.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=queensbridgepublishing.com&rft.atitle=Queensbridge+Publishing%3A+Pride+and+Prejudice+200th+Anniversary+Edition+by+Jane+Austen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.queensbridgepublishing.com%2Fp%2Fprideandprejudicebyjaneausten.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKate_Torgovnick_May2013" class="citation web cs1">Kate Torgovnick May (28 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.ted.com/2013/01/28/talks-to-celebrate-the-200th-anniversary-of-pride-and-prejudice/">"Talks to celebrate the 200th anniversary of <i>Pride and Prejudice</i>"</a>. <i>TED Blog</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TED+Blog&rft.atitle=Talks+to+celebrate+the+200th+anniversary+of+Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.date=2013-01-28&rft.au=Kate+Torgovnick+May&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.ted.com%2F2013%2F01%2F28%2Ftalks-to-celebrate-the-200th-anniversary-of-pride-and-prejudice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRothman2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Rothman, Lily (28 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.time.com/2013/01/28/qa-as-pride-and-prejudice-turns-200-austenland-emerges-as-a-sundance-hit/">"Happy 200th Birthday, Pride & Prejudice...and Happy Sundance, Too: The writer/director of the Sundance hit 'Austenland' talks to <i>TIME</i> about why we still love Mr. Darcy centuries years later"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Happy+200th+Birthday%2C+Pride+%26+Prejudice...and+Happy+Sundance%2C+Too%3A+The+writer%2Fdirector+of+the+Sundance+hit+%27Austenland%27+talks+to+TIME+about+why+we+still+love+Mr.+Darcy+centuries+years+later&rft.date=2013-01-28&rft.aulast=Rothman&rft.aufirst=Lily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.time.com%2F2013%2F01%2F28%2Fqa-as-pride-and-prejudice-turns-200-austenland-emerges-as-a-sundance-hit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBooks" class="citation web cs1">Books, Five. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fivebooks.com/book/pride-and-prejudice-by-jane-austen/">"Pride and Prejudice | Five Books Expert Recommendations"</a>. <i>Five Books</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Five+Books&rft.atitle=Pride+and+Prejudice+%7C+Five+Books+Expert+Recommendations&rft.aulast=Books&rft.aufirst=Five&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffivebooks.com%2Fbook%2Fpride-and-prejudice-by-jane-austen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-fullerton-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fullerton_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fullerton_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFFullerton2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Susannah_Fullerton" title="Susannah Fullerton">Fullerton, Susannah</a> (2013). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/happilyeverafter0000full"><i>Happily Ever After: Celebrating Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice</i></a></span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frances_Lincoln_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Lincoln Publishers">Frances Lincoln Publishers</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0711233744" title="Special:BookSources/978-0711233744"><bdi>978-0711233744</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1310745594">1310745594</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Happily+Ever+After%3A+Celebrating+Jane+Austen%27s+Pride+and+Prejudice&rft.pub=Frances+Lincoln+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1310745594&rft.isbn=978-0711233744&rft.aulast=Fullerton&rft.aufirst=Susannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhappilyeverafter0000full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0032943/"><i>Pride and Prejudice (1940)</i></a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0414387/"><i>Pride and Prejudice (2005)</i></a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://janeaustensworld.wordpress.com/2008/11/06/first-impressions-a-pride-and-prejudice-broadway-musical-that-failed-in-the-1958-1959-season/">"<i>First Impressions</i> the Broadway Musical"</a>. Janeaustensworld.wordpress.com. 6 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Impressions+the+Broadway+Musical&rft.pub=Janeaustensworld.wordpress.com&rft.date=2008-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjaneaustensworld.wordpress.com%2F2008%2F11%2F06%2Ffirst-impressions-a-pride-and-prejudice-broadway-musical-that-failed-in-the-1958-1959-season%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207085359/http://www.bernardjtaylor.com/PridePrejudice/pp.html">"<i>Pride and Prejudice</i> (1995)"</a>. Bernardjtaylor.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bernardjtaylor.com/PridePrejudice/pp.html">the original</a> on 7 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pride+and+Prejudice+%281995%29&rft.pub=Bernardjtaylor.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bernardjtaylor.com%2FPridePrejudice%2Fpp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
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<li id="cite_note-LBD100-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LBD100_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515014329/http://www.lizziebennet.com/episode-100-the-end/">"Episode 100: The End"</a>. <i>The Lizzie Bennet Diaries</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lizziebennet.com/episode-100-the-end/">the original</a> on 15 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lizzie+Bennet+Diaries&rft.atitle=Episode+100%3A+The+End&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lizziebennet.com%2Fepisode-100-the-end%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKoski2012" class="citation web cs1">Koski, Genevieve (May 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/articles/remember-pride-and-prejudice-its-back-in-vlog-form,73484/">"Remember <i>Pride And Prejudice</i>? It's back, in vlog form!"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&rft.atitle=Remember+Pride+And+Prejudice%3F+It%27s+back%2C+in+vlog+form%21&rft.date=2012-05-03&rft.aulast=Koski&rft.aufirst=Genevieve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Farticles%2Fremember-pride-and-prejudice-its-back-in-vlog-form%2C73484%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMatheson2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitney_Matheson" title="Whitney Matheson">Matheson, Whitney</a> (May 4, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.usatoday.com/communities/popcandy/post/2012/05/cute-web-series-the-lizzie-bennet-diaries/1#.T7IZ7J9Yvj-">"Cute Web series: 'The Lizzie Bennet Diaries'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Cute+Web+series%3A+%27The+Lizzie+Bennet+Diaries%27&rft.date=2012-05-04&rft.aulast=Matheson&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.usatoday.com%2Fcommunities%2Fpopcandy%2Fpost%2F2012%2F05%2Fcute-web-series-the-lizzie-bennet-diaries%2F1%23.T7IZ7J9Yvj-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBooster" class="citation web cs1">Booster, Joel Kim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/articles/joel-kim-booster-pride-and-prejudice-on-fire-island/">"Pride and Prejudice on Fire Island"</a>. <i>Penguin Random House</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Penguin+Random+House&rft.atitle=Pride+and+Prejudice+on+Fire+Island&rft.aulast=Booster&rft.aufirst=Joel+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinrandomhouse.com%2Farticles%2Fjoel-kim-booster-pride-and-prejudice-on-fire-island%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2009" class="citation news cs1">Grossman, Lev (April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090404014528/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1889075,00.html">"Pride and Prejudice, Now with Zombies"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">TIME</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1889075,00.html">the original</a> on 4 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Pride+and+Prejudice%2C+Now+with+Zombies&rft.date=2009-04&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Lev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Farts%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1889075%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFHislop" class="citation book cs1">Hislop, Victoria. <i>Death Comes to Pemberley: Amazon.co.uk: Baroness P. D. James: 9780571283576: Books</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0571283578">0571283578</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+Comes+to+Pemberley%3A+Amazon.co.uk%3A+Baroness+P.+D.+James%3A+9780571283576%3A+Books&rft.aulast=Hislop&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Farmer-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Farmer_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFFarmer2011" class="citation book cs1">Farmer, Ava (2011). <i>Second Impressions</i>. Chawton, Hampshire, England: Chawton House Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1613647509" title="Special:BookSources/978-1613647509"><bdi>978-1613647509</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Second+Impressions&rft.place=Chawton%2C+Hampshire%2C+England&rft.pub=Chawton+House+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1613647509&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Ava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBaker2013" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Jo (8 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780385351232"><i>Longbourn</i></a>. Alfred A. Knopf. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385351232" title="Special:BookSources/978-0385351232"><bdi>978-0385351232</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longbourn&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2013-10-08&rft.isbn=978-0385351232&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780385351232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-thebookseller.com-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thebookseller.com_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebookseller.com/news/new-direction-jo-baker-literary-suspense-body-lies-869706#">"New direction for 'literary chameleon' Jo Baker to Transworld - The Bookseller"</a>. <i>www.thebookseller.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thebookseller.com&rft.atitle=New+direction+for+%27literary+chameleon%27+Jo+Baker+to+Transworld+-+The+Bookseller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebookseller.com%2Fnews%2Fnew-direction-jo-baker-literary-suspense-body-lies-869706%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b045q086">"Jo Baker - Longbourn, Book at Bedtime - BBC Radio 4"</a>. <i>BBC</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Jo+Baker+-+Longbourn%2C+Book+at+Bedtime+-+BBC+Radio+4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb045q086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFSittenfeld2016" class="citation book cs1">Sittenfeld, Curtis (19 April 2016). <i>Eligible</i>. Random House. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400068326" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400068326"><bdi>978-1400068326</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eligible&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2016-04-19&rft.isbn=978-1400068326&rft.aulast=Sittenfeld&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRobertsSimpsonArmstrongDavidson2010" class="citation journal cs1">Roberts, Sarah A.; Simpson, Deborah M.; Armstrong, Stuart D.; Davidson, Amanda J.; Robertson, Duncan H.; McLean, Lynn; Beynon, Robert J.; Hurst, Jane L. (1 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2890510">"Darcin: a male pheromone that stimulates female memory and sexual attraction to an individual male's odour"</a>. <i>BMC Biology</i>. <b>8</b>: 75. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1741-7007-8-75">10.1186/1741-7007-8-75</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/1741-7007">1741-7007</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2890510">2890510</a></span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20525243">20525243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Biology&rft.atitle=Darcin%3A+a+male+pheromone+that+stimulates+female+memory+and+sexual+attraction+to+an+individual+male%27s+odour&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=75&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2890510%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1741-7007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20525243&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1741-7007-8-75&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Sarah+A.&rft.au=Simpson%2C+Deborah+M.&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+Stuart+D.&rft.au=Davidson%2C+Amanda+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Duncan+H.&rft.au=McLean%2C+Lynn&rft.au=Beynon%2C+Robert+J.&rft.au=Hurst%2C+Jane+L.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2890510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFStern2016" class="citation journal cs1">Stern, William (1 March 2016). "Pride and protein". <i>Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease</i>. <b>39</b> (2): 321–324. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10545-015-9908-7">10.1007/s10545-015-9908-7</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/1573-2665">1573-2665</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26743057">26743057</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24476197">24476197</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Inherited+Metabolic+Disease&rft.atitle=Pride+and+protein&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=321-324&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.issn=1573-2665&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24476197%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26743057&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10545-015-9908-7&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APride+and+Prejudice" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manga Classics: Pride and Prejudice (2014) UDON Entertainment <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1927925188" title="Special:BookSources/978-1927925188">978-1927925188</a></span>
</li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
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<li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/jane-austen/pride-and-prejudice">Pride and Prejudice</a></i> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=Pride+and+Prejudice&author=Austen&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>Pride and Prejudice</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bl.uk/people/jane-austen">Digital resources relating to Jane Austen</a> from the British Library's Discovering Literature website</li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jane_Austen&#039;s_Pride_and_Prejudice" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Pride_and_Prejudice" title="Template:Pride and Prejudice"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Pride_and_Prejudice" title="Template talk:Pride and Prejudice"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Pride_and_Prejudice&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jane_Austen&#039;s_Pride_and_Prejudice" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>'s <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pride and Prejudice</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_(novel)#Characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Pride and Prejudice (novel)">List of characters</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennet_family" title="Bennet family">Bennet family</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Bennet" title="Elizabeth Bennet">Elizabeth Bennet</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mr._Darcy" title="Mr. Darcy">Fitzwilliam Darcy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mr_William_Collins" title="Mr William Collins">William Collins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lady_Catherine_de_Bourgh" title="Lady Catherine de Bourgh">Lady Catherine de Bourgh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Wickham" title="George Wickham">George Wickham</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_(1940_film)" title="Pride and Prejudice (1940 film)"><i>Pride and Prejudice</i></a> (1940)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bridget_Jones%27s_Diary" title="Bridget Jones's Diary"><i>Bridget Jones's Diary</i></a> (2001)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_%26_Prejudice:_A_Latter-Day_Comedy" title="Pride & Prejudice: A Latter-Day Comedy">Pride & Prejudice: A Latter-Day Comedy</a></i> (2003)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bride_and_Prejudice" title="Bride and Prejudice">Bride and Prejudice</a></i> (2004)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_%26_Prejudice_(2005_film)" title="Pride & Prejudice (2005 film)"><i>Pride & Prejudice</i></a> (2005)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Austenland_(film)" title="Austenland (film)">Austenland</a></i> (2013 film)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_and_Zombies_(film)" title="Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (film)"><i>Pride and Prejudice and Zombies</i></a> (2016)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fire_Island_(film)" title="Fire Island (film)">Fire Island</a></i> (2022)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Refuses" title="Elizabeth Refuses">Elizabeth Refuses</a></i> (1957)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_(1958_TV_series)" title="Pride and Prejudice (1958 TV series)"><i>Pride and Prejudice</i></a> (1958)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_(1967_TV_series)" title="Pride and Prejudice (1967 TV series)"><i>Pride and Prejudice</i></a> (1967)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_(1980_TV_series)" title="Pride and Prejudice (1980 TV series)"><i>Pride and Prejudice</i></a> (1980)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trishna_(TV_series)" title="Trishna (TV series)">Trishna</a></i> (1985)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_(1995_TV_series)" title="Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series)"><i>Pride and Prejudice</i></a> (1995)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kahiin_to_Hoga" title="Kahiin to Hoga">Will be Somewhere</a></i> (2004)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lost_in_Austen" title="Lost in Austen">Lost in Austen</a></i> (2008)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_Comes_to_Pemberley_(TV_series)" title="Death Comes to Pemberley (TV series)"><i>Death Comes to Pemberley</i></a> (2013)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darcy%27s_Story" title="Darcy's Story">Darcy's Story</a></i> (1995)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bridget_Jones%27s_Diary_(novel)" title="Bridget Jones's Diary (novel)">Bridget Jones's Diary</a></i> (1996)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mr._Darcy%27s_Daughters" title="Mr. Darcy's Daughters">Mr. Darcy's Daughters</a></i> (2003)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Darcy,_Gentleman" title="Fitzwilliam Darcy, Gentleman">Fitzwilliam Darcy, Gentleman</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/An_Assembly_Such_as_This" title="An Assembly Such as This">An Assembly Such as This</a></i> (2003)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duty_and_Desire" title="Duty and Desire">Duty and Desire</a></i> (2004)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/These_Three_Remain" title="These Three Remain">These Three Remain</a></i> (2005)</li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Austenland" title="Austenland">Austenland</a></i> (2007)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Love,_Lies_and_Lizzie" title="Love, Lies and Lizzie">Love, Lies and Lizzie</a></i> (2009)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_and_Zombies" title="Pride and Prejudice and Zombies">Pride and Prejudice and Zombies</a></i> (2009 parody)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_and_Zombies:_Dawn_of_the_Dreadfuls" title="Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: Dawn of the Dreadfuls">Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: Dawn of the Dreadfuls</a></i> (2010 parody)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_Comes_to_Pemberley" title="Death Comes to Pemberley">Death Comes to Pemberley</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Longbourn" title="Longbourn">Longbourn</a></i> (2013)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eligible_(novel)" title="Eligible (novel)">Eligible</a></i> (2016)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Impressions_(musical)" title="First Impressions (musical)">First Impressions</a></i> (1959 musical)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_(musical)" title="Pride and Prejudice (musical)">Pride and Prejudice</a></i> (1993 musical)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stolthet_och_f%C3%B6rdom" title="Stolthet och fördom">Stolthet och fördom</a></i> (2011 opera)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice*_(*sort_of)" title="Pride and Prejudice* (*sort of)">Pride and Prejudice* (*sort of)</a></i> (2018 play)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beyond_a_Joke_(Red_Dwarf)" title="Beyond a Joke (Red Dwarf)">Beyond a Joke</a>" (1997)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Lizzie_Bennet_Diaries" title="The Lizzie Bennet Diaries">The Lizzie Bennet Diaries</a></i> (2012 web series)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stride_%26_Prejudice" title="Stride & Prejudice">Stride & Prejudice</a></i> (2013 video game)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_%26_Prejudice_(soundtrack)" title="Pride & Prejudice (soundtrack)"><i>Pride & Prejudice</i></a> (2005 soundtrack)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pemberley" title="Pemberley">Pemberley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_literary_adaptations_of_Pride_and_Prejudice" title="List of literary adaptations of Pride and Prejudice">List of literary adaptations</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jane_Austen" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Jane_Austen" title="Template:Jane Austen"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Jane_Austen" title="Template talk:Jane Austen"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Jane_Austen&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jane_Austen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Timeline">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_Jane_Austen" title="Timeline of Jane Austen">Timeline</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility" title="Sense and Sensibility">Sense and Sensibility</a></i> (1811)</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pride and Prejudice</a></i> (1813)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mansfield_Park" title="Mansfield Park">Mansfield Park</a></i> (1814)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emma_(novel)" title="Emma (novel)">Emma</a></i> (1815)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northanger_Abbey" title="Northanger Abbey">Northanger Abbey</a></i> (1817)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Persuasion_(novel)" title="Persuasion (novel)">Persuasion</a></i> (1817)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lady_Susan" title="Lady Susan">Lady Susan</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Watsons" title="The Watsons">The Watsons</a></i> (unfinished)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sanditon" title="Sanditon">Sanditon</a></i> (unfinished)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plan_of_a_Novel,_according_to_Hints_from_Various_Quarters" title="Plan of a Novel, according to Hints from Various Quarters">Plan of a Novel</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Juvenilia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Love_and_Freindship" title="Love and Freindship">Love and Freindship</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Beautifull_Cassandra" title="The Beautifull Cassandra">The Beautifull Cassandra</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_History_of_England_(Austen)" title="The History of England (Austen)">The History of England</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catharine,_or_The_Bower" title="Catharine, or The Bower">Catharine, or The Bower</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jane_Austen_Centre" title="Jane Austen Centre">Jane Austen Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jane_Austen%27s_House_Museum" title="Jane Austen's House Museum">Jane Austen's House Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chawton_House" title="Chawton House">Chawton House</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chawton_House#The_library" title="Chawton House">Library</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jane_Austen%27s_family_and_ancestry" title="Jane Austen's family and ancestry">Family</a><br />and people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Austen_(clergyman)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Austen (clergyman)">Rev. George Austen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Austen" title="James Austen">James Austen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Austen_Knight" title="Edward Austen Knight">Edward Austen Knight</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Austen" title="Henry Thomas Austen">Henry Thomas Austen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cassandra_Austen" title="Cassandra Austen">Cassandra Austen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francis_Austen" title="Francis Austen">Francis Austen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Austen" title="Charles Austen">Charles Austen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anna_Austen_Lefroy" title="Anna Austen Lefroy">Anna Austen Lefroy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Langlois_Lefroy" title="Thomas Langlois Lefroy">Thomas Langlois Lefroy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eliza_de_Feuillide" title="Eliza de Feuillide">Eliza de Feuillide (née Hancock)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catherine_Hubback" title="Catherine Hubback">Catherine Hubback</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martha_Lloyd" title="Martha Lloyd">Martha Lloyd</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Janeite" title="Janeite">Janeite</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jane_Austen_in_popular_culture" title="Jane Austen in popular culture">Jane Austen in popular culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Styles_and_themes_of_Jane_Austen" title="Styles and themes of Jane Austen">Styles and themes of Jane Austen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgian_society_in_Jane_Austen%27s_novels" title="Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels">Georgian society in Jane Austen's novels</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reception_history_of_Jane_Austen" title="Reception history of Jane Austen">Reception history of Jane Austen</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Memoir_of_Jane_Austen" title="A Memoir of Jane Austen">A Memoir of Jane Austen</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portrayals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Becoming_Jane" title="Becoming Jane">Becoming Jane</a></i> (2007 film)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miss_Austen_Regrets" title="Miss Austen Regrets">Miss Austen Regrets</a></i> (2007 film)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Jane_Austen" title="Category:Jane Austen">Category</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1110984671">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><div class="portal-bar-content"><span class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg" class="image"><img alt="icon" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/21px-Book_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="238" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Novels" title="Portal:Novels">Novels</a></span><span class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/21px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/32px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/42px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="274" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Literature" title="Portal:Literature">Literature</a></span></div></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170583#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170583#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170583#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" class="noprint" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/386144783111321996488">1</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/386144783111321996488">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11960594n">France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11960594n">(data)</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4099118-0">Germany</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007583568005171">Israel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2002041181">United States</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=aun2017951636&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35010278">Australia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810668584805606">Poland</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/370261">Sweden</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MBRG_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBRG (identifier)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/fafbc6ba-7541-39dd-8b92-6133640f32ef">release group</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MBW_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBW (identifier)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/53973827-7fec-47e4-bade-ab724001129c">work</a></span>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/f0c04931-777b-4041-832e-47bd7999e873">2</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (France)</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027601080">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1665762658' |