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{{About|the Biblical matriarch|the given name|Rebecca (given name)|other uses|Rebecca (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|Rebekah|the service organization|International Association of Rebekah Assemblies}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}<!--based on established style found in article in October 2012-->
[[File:Benjamin West - Isaac's servant tying the bracelet on Rebecca's arm - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Isaac's servant tying the bracelet on Rebecca's arm]]
'''Rebecca'''{{efn|Also spelled '''Rebekah'''; {{Hebrew Name|{{Script/Hebrew|רִבְקָה}}|Rīvqa|Rīḇqā}} <small>[[ISO 259-3]]</small> {{lang|he-Latn|Ribqah}}, {{lang-grc-gre|Ῥεβέκκα}}, {{lang|grc-Latn|Rhebékka}}; [[Aramaic|Syriac]]: {{lang|syc|ܪܲܦܩܵܐ}}, {{lang|syc-Latn|Rapqa}}) from the Hebrew {{lang|he-Latn|ribhqeh}} (lit., 'connection'), from [[Semitic root]] {{lang|sem-Latn|r-b-q}}, 'to tie, couple or join',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=rebecca&searchmode=none |title=Rebecca |work=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]] |year=2010 |access-date=29 May 2011}}</ref> 'to secure', or 'to snare')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rebekah.html |title=Meaning and etymology of the name Rebecca (Rebekah) |publisher=Abarim Publications |access-date=29 May 2011 }}</ref>}} ({{IPAc-en|r|ɪ|ˈ|b|ɛ|k|ə}}) appears in the [[Hebrew Bible]] as the wife of [[Isaac]] and the mother of [[Jacob]] and [[Esau]]. According to biblical tradition, Rebecca's father was Bethuel the [[Aramean]] from [[Paddan Aram]], also called [[Aram-Naharaim]].<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Yale University Press| isbn = 978-0-300-17891-3| last = Hamori| first = Esther J.| title = Women's Divination in Biblical Literature: Prophecy, Necromancy, and Other Arts of Knowledge| date = 2015}}</ref> Rebecca's brother was [[Laban (Bible)|Laban]] the Aramean, and she was the granddaughter of [[Milcah]] and [[Nahor, son of Terah|Nahor]], the brother of [[Abraham]].<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = KTAV Publishing House, Inc.| isbn = 978-0-88125-847-9| last1 = Tuchman| first1 = Shera Aranoff| last2 = Rapoport| first2 = Sandra E.| title = The Passions of the Matriarchs| date = 2004}}</ref> Rebecca and Isaac were one of the four couples that some believe are buried in the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]], the other three being [[Adam]] and [[Eve]], Abraham and [[Sarah]], and [[Jacob]] and [[Leah]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chabad.org/special/israel/points_of_interest_cdo/aid/588225/jewish/Cave-of-the-Patriarchs.htm |title=Cave of the Patriarchs |website=[[Chabad.org]] |access-date=4 February 2014 }}</ref>
==Early life==
[[File:Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo 022.jpg|thumb|''Rebecca and Eliezer'' by [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo]], 17th century]]
After the [[Binding of Isaac]], Sarah died. After taking care of her burial, Abraham went about finding a wife for his son Isaac, who was already 37 years old. He commanded his servant (whom the Torah commentators identify as [[Eliezer of Damascus]])<ref>[[Nosson Scherman|Scherman, Rabbi Nosson]] (1993). ''The Chumash''. Brooklyn, New York: Mesorah Publications, pp. 109–21.</ref> to journey to his birthplace of [[Aram Naharaim]] to select a bride from his own family, rather than engage Isaac to a local [[Canaan]]ite girl. Abraham sent along expensive jewelry, clothing and dainties as gifts to the bride and her family. If the girl had refused to follow him, Abraham stated that Eliezer would be absolved of his responsibility.
The servant devised a test in order to find the right wife for Isaac. As he stood at the central well in Abraham's birthplace with his men and ten camels laden with goods, he prayed to God:
<blockquote>And let it come to pass, that the damsel to whom I shall say, Let down thy pitcher, I pray thee, that I may drink; and she shall say, Drink, and I will give thy camels drink also: let the same be she that thou hast appointed for thy servant Isaac; and thereby shall I know that thou hast shewed kindness unto my master.
:— Genesis 24:14</blockquote>
[[File:James Jacques Joseph Tissot - Rebecca Meets Isaac by the Way - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|150px|Rebecca Meets Isaac by the Way, by [[James Tissot]] (c. 1896–1902)]]
To his surprise, a young girl immediately came out and offered to draw water for him to drink, as well as water to fill the troughs for all his camels. Rebecca continued to draw water until all the camels were sated, proving her kind and generous nature and her suitability for entering Abraham's household.
The servant immediately gave her a golden nose ring and two golden bracelets ({{bibleverse|Genesis|24:22|KJV}}, {{bibleverse|Genesis|24:47|KJV}}), which Rebecca hurried to show her mother. Seeing the jewelry, Rebecca's brother [[Laban (Bible)|Laban]] ran out to greet the guest and bring him inside. The servant recounted the oath he made to Abraham and all the details of his trip to and meeting with Rebecca in fine detail, after which her brother Laban and her father [[Bethuel]] agreed that she could return with him. After hosting the party overnight, however, the family tried to keep Rebecca with them longer. The servant insisted that they ask the girl herself, and she agreed to go immediately. Her family sent her off with her nurse, [[Deborah (Genesis)|Deborah]] (according to [[Rashi]]), and blessed her, "Our sister, may you come to be thousands of myriads, and may your offspring inherit the gate of its foes."
[[File:RebeccaAtTheWell Giovanni.jpg|thumb|upright|''Rebecca at the Well'' by [[Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini]]]]
As Rebecca and her entourage approached Abraham's home, they spied Isaac from a distance in the fields of [[Beer-lahai-roi]]. The [[Talmud]]<ref>[[Berakhot (Talmud)|Berachot]] 26b.</ref> and the [[Midrash]] explain that Isaac was praying, as he instituted [[Mincha]], the afternoon prayer. Seeing such a spiritually exalted man, Rebecca immediately dismounted from her camel and asked the accompanying servant who he was. When she heard that this was her future husband, she modestly covered herself with a veil. Isaac brought her into the tent of his deceased mother Sarah, married her, and loved her.
According to Rashi, the three [[miracle]]s that characterized Sarah's tent while she was alive, and that disappeared with her death, reappeared when Rebecca entered the tent. These were: A lamp burned in her tent from [[Shabbat]] eve to Shabbat eve, there was a blessing in her [[challah|dough]], and a cloud hovered over her tent (symbolizing the [[Shechina|Divine Presence]]).
===Wedding allusions===
[[File:The Veiled Rebecca 02.jpg|thumb|''[[Veiled Rebecca|The Veiled Rebecca]]'' (1863), by [[Giovanni Maria Benzoni]]]]
Some of the events leading up to the marriage of Isaac and Rebecca have been institutionalized in the traditional [[Jewish wedding|Jewish wedding ceremony]]. Before the [[bride]] and [[bridegroom]] stand under the [[chuppah]], they take part in a special ceremony called ''[[badeken]]'' (veiling). The bridegroom is led to the bride by two escorts and, seeing her, covers her face with a veil, like the way Rebecca covered her face before marrying Isaac. Then the bridegroom (or the father of the [[bride]], or the officiating [[rabbi]]) recites the same blessing over the bride that Rebecca's family recited over her, "Our sister, may you come to be thousands of myriads, and may your offspring inherit the gate of its foes."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.nyc.rr.com/tonymorris/Ceremony/Ceremony.html |title=Jewish Wedding Ceremony Explained |publisher=nyc.rr.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040212080331/http://home.nyc.rr.com/tonymorris/Ceremony/Ceremony.html|archive-date=12 February 2004}}</ref>
==Marriage and motherhood==
According to the traditional counting cited by Rashi, Isaac was 37 years old at the time of the [[Binding of Isaac]]. The reasoning for that age is that Sarah, who gave birth to Isaac when she was 90, died after the binding when she was 127 years old, making Isaac around 37 at that time. Isaac was 40 years old when he married Rebecca.<ref>Genesis 25:20.</ref> Twenty years elapsed before they had children; throughout that time, both Isaac and Rebecca prayed fervently to God for offspring. God eventually answered Isaac's prayers and Rebecca conceived.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/246618/jewish/Jacob-and-Esau.htm|title=Jacob and Esau|website=[[Chabad.org]]|access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref>
Rebecca was extremely uncomfortable during her pregnancy and went to inquire of God why she was suffering so. According to the Midrash, whenever she would pass a house of Torah study, Jacob would struggle to come out; whenever she would pass a house of [[idolatry]], Esau would agitate to come out.<ref>Genesis Rabbah 63:6.</ref> Thinking that she was carrying one baby who was displaying conflicting propensities, Rebecca sought enlightenment at the [[yeshiva]] of [[Shem]] and [[Eber]]. There she received the prophecy that twins were fighting in her womb and would continue to fight all their lives.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ujcvp.org/adath_jeshurun/vortify/toldot.html |title=Vortify Yourself: Parshat Toldot |last=Rosenzweig |first=Rabbi Yosil |date=29 November 1997 |access-date=30 December 2010 |publisher=[[United Jewish Community of the Virginia Peninsula]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518044704/http://www.ujcvp.org/adath_jeshurun/vortify/toldot.html |archive-date=18 May 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The prophecy also said that the older would serve the younger; its statement, "One people will be stronger than the other" has been taken to mean that the two nations will never gain power simultaneously; when one falls, the other will rise, and vice versa.<ref>Rashi on Genesis 25:23.</ref> According to tradition, Rebecca did not share the prophecy with her husband.
When the time came for Rebecca to give birth, the first child to come out emerged red and hairy all over, with his heel grasped by the hand of the second to come out. Onlookers named the first עשו, Esau ('Esav or 'Esaw, meaning either "rough", "sensibly felt", "handled", from {{lang-he|עשה}}, ''{{'}}asah'', "do" or "make";<ref>[[Strong's Concordance]] 6215, 6213.</ref> or "completely developed", from {{lang-he|עשוי}}, ''{{'}}assui'', since Esau had as much hair as a child who was much older)<ref>Rashi on Genesis 50:50.</ref> The second was named יעקב, Jacob (Ya'aqob or Ya'aqov, meaning "heel-catcher", "supplanter", "leg-puller", "he who follows upon the heels of one", from {{lang-he|עקב}}, ''{{'}}aqab'' or ''{{'}}aqav'', "seize by the heel", "circumvent", "restrain", a wordplay upon {{lang-he|עקבה}}, ''{{'}}iqqebah'' or ''{{'}}iqqbah'', "heel").<ref>[[Strong's Concordance]] 3290, 6117.</ref> The Bible states that Isaac was sixty years old when the twins were born.<ref>Genesis 25:26.</ref>
[[File:Giuseppe Molteni - Rebecca - Google Art Project.jpg|thumbnail| Rebecca, by [[Giuseppe Molteni]] (1800–1867) ]]
The Midrash says that as boys, people did not notice much difference between them. When they reached the age of 13, Jacob busied himself in the [[beth midrash|house of study]], while Esau busied himself with idolatry.<ref>Genesis Rabbah 63:10.</ref> The descriptions of the two young men hint at their opposing spiritual natures: "The lads grew up and Esau became one who knows hunting, a man of the field; but Jacob was a wholesome man, abiding in tents".<ref>Genesis 25:27.</ref> The description of Esau as a "hunter" hints to his skill of trapping his father with his mouth; for example, he would ask Isaac whether [[ma'aser|tithes]] should be taken from salt and straw, making his father think he was scrupulous in keeping the [[mitzvah]]s.<ref>Genesis Rabbah 63:15.</ref> Scripture notes that the attitudes of their parents toward the boys differed: "Isaac loved Esau because he did eat of hunting, but Rebecca loved Jacob".<ref>Genesis 25:28.</ref>
According to the [[Talmud]], immediately after Abraham died, Jacob prepared a [[lentil]] stew as a traditional mourner's meal for his father, Isaac.<ref>[[Bava Batra]] 16b.</ref> The Hebrew Bible states that Esau, returning famished from the fields, begged Jacob to give him some of the stew. (Esau referred to the dish as "that red, red stuff", giving rise to his nickname, {{lang-he|אדום}} ('''Edom'', meaning "Red").) Jacob offered to give Esau a bowl of stew in exchange for his birthright (the right to be recognized as firstborn), and Esau agreed. The Talmudic dating indicates both men were 15 years old at the time.<ref>This is understood from the plain meaning of the verses. Abraham was one hundred years when Isaac was born (Genesis 46:5). Isaac was sixty years old when the twins were born (Genesis 25:26). Abraham died at the age of 175 (Genesis 25:7), making Jacob and Esau fifteen years old at the time of Abraham's death.</ref>
At a later time, a [[famine]] struck the land of Israel and Isaac moved his family, upon God's command, to [[Gerar]], which was ruled by [[Abimelech]], king of the [[Philistines]]. Like Abraham before him, who called Sarah his "sister" rather than his "wife" so that the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptians]] would not kill him and take his wife, Isaac told the people of Gerar that Rebecca was his sister. She was not molested, but one day Abimelech looked through the window and saw Isaac "sporting" (a euphemism for sexual play)<ref>Genesis Rabbah 64:5.</ref> with her. Abimelech called Isaac on his lie, and then warned others not to touch Rebecca. Eventually Isaac parted from Abimelech in peace.
<!--Isaac-only paragraph deleted-->
At the age of 40 (the same age his father had been when he married), Esau took two [[Biblical Hittites|Hittite]] wives, Judith the daughter of Beeri, and Basemath the daughter of Elon, who vexed Isaac and Rebecca to no end, as these women were also idol-worshippers. One reason why Isaac became blind in his old age was due to the smoke of the incense that these women offered to their idols.<ref>Rashi on Genesis 52:1, citing [[Tanhuma]] 8.</ref>
==The deception of Isaac==
Isaac became blind in his old age and decided to bestow the blessing of the firstborn upon Esau. According to the Midrash, Isaac had reached the age of 132, five years past the age of his mother, Sarah, had been at her death. According to Genesis, Isaac had reached the age of 137. At this time, the Sages state that one should begin to think he might not exceed the age of whichever parent died first.<ref name="Scherman">Scherman, Rabbi Nosson (1993). ''The Chumash''. Brooklyn, New York: Mesorah Publications, p. 135.</ref> Isaac therefore sent Esau out to the fields to trap and cook a piece of game for him, so that he could eat it and bless Esau before he died.
Rebecca overheard this conversation and realized that Isaac's blessings should go to Jacob, since she was told before the twins' birth that the older son would serve the younger.<ref name="Scherman" /> She therefore ordered Jacob to bring her two goats from the flock, which she cooked in the way Isaac loved, and had him bring them to his father in place of Esau.
When Jacob protested that his father would recognize the deception and curse him as soon as he felt him, since Esau was hairy and Jacob smooth-skinned, Rebecca said that the curse would be on her instead. Before she sent Jacob to his father, she dressed him in Esau's garments and laid goatskins on his arms and neck to simulate hairy skin.
Thus disguised, Jacob entered his father's room. Surprised to perceive that Esau was back so soon, Isaac asked how it could be that the hunt went so quickly. Jacob responded, "Because the {{LORD}} your God arranged it for me"; Rashi (on {{bibleverse||Genesis|52:46|HE}}) says Isaac's suspicions were aroused because Esau never used the personal name of God. Isaac demanded that Jacob come close so he could feel him, but the goatskins felt just like Esau's hairy skin. Confused, Isaac exclaimed, "The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau!" (27:22). Still trying to get at the truth, Isaac asked him point-blank, "Are you really my son Esau?" and Jacob answered simply, "I am" (which can be taken as "I am me", not "I am Esau"). Isaac proceeded to eat the food and to drink the wine that Jacob gave him, and then he blessed him with the dew of the heavens, the fatness of the earth, and rulership over many nations as well as his own brother.
Jacob had scarcely left the room when Esau returned from the hunt to receive the blessing. The realization that he has been deceived shocks Isaac, yet he acknowledged that Jacob received the blessings as sworn, by adding, "Indeed, he will be [or remain] blessed!" (52:8). Rashi explains that Isaac smelled the heavenly scent of [[Paradise|Gan Eden]] (Paradise) when Jacob entered his room. As a contrast, Isaac perceived [[Gehenna]] opening beneath Esau when the latter entered the room, showing Isaac that he had been deceived all along by Esau's show of piety.<ref>''Pirkei d'Rav Kahana'', quoted in Scherman, p. 139.</ref>
Esau was heartbroken by the deception, and begged for his own blessing. Having made Jacob a ruler over his brothers, Isaac could only promise, "By thy sword thou shalt live, and shalt serve thy brother; yet it shall come to pass when thou shalt have the dominion, that thou shalt cast off his yoke from off thy neck" (Gen 27:40).
Esau was filled with hatred toward Jacob for taking away both his birthright and his blessing. He vowed to himself to kill Jacob as soon as Isaac died. Here again, Rebecca prophetically perceived his murderous intentions and ordered Jacob to travel to her brother Laban's house in Haran, until Esau's anger subsided. She then convinced Isaac to send Jacob away, by telling him that she despaired of him marrying a local girl from the idol-worshipping families of [[Canaan]] (as Esau had done). After Isaac sent Jacob away (to find a wife), Esau realized that his own Canaanite wives were evil in his father's eyes. Esau therefore took [[Mahalath]], a daughter of Isaac's half-brother [[Ishmael]], as another wife.
==Death and burial==
[[File:Grave rebecca, wife of nabi Ishaq.jpeg|thumb|left|Grave of Rebecca in [[Hebron]]]]
Jacob lived with Laban for twenty years (Gen. 31:41), marrying Laban's two daughters and two maidservants. He returned to Canaan with his large family, servants, and possessions. As he did, [[Deborah (Genesis)|Deborah]] (Rebecca's nurse) died and was buried at a place that Jacob calls ''Alon Bachuth'' (אלון בכות), "Tree of Weepings" (Gen. 35:8). According to the Midrash,<ref>Genesis Rabbah 81:5.</ref> the plural form of the word "weeping" indicates a double sorrow, implying that Rebecca also died at this time.
Rebecca was buried in the [[Cave of the Patriarchs|Cave of Machpelah]] near Mamre, in the land of Canaan (Gen 49:31).
According to the Talmud, the Torah's explicit dating of the life of Ishmael helps to date various events in Jacob's life and, by implication, the age of Rebecca at her death. Ishmael was born when Abraham was 86 years old (Gen. 16:16) and died at the age of 137 (Gen. 25:17). Isaac was born when Abraham was 100 (Gen. 21:5); at that time Ishmael was 14. Jacob and Esau were born when Isaac was 60 (Gen. 25:26); at that time Ishmael was 74. Right after Jacob receives the blessings and flees to Laban, the Torah states that Esau married "Mahalat, the daughter of Ishmael, son of Abraham, ''sister of Nebaiot''" (Gen. 28:9), on which Rashi, quoting [[Megillah (Talmud)|Megillah]] 17a, notes that Ishmael died between the engagement and wedding, so the girl's brother gave her away. If Ishmael was 137 at the time of his death, this means that Jacob and Esau were 63 at the time of the blessings. The Talmud adds that Jacob spent 14 years in the [[yeshiva]] of [[Shem]] and [[Eber]] before proceeding to Laban, arriving when he was 77. Rebecca's death after Jacob's 20 years with Laban indicates that Jacob was 97 when his mother died and Rebecca was either 120 or 134 (based on different Midrashim mentioned earlier about her age at marriage).
==See also==
{{portal|Bible|Judaism}}
* [[Rebekah (Women of Genesis series)]]
{{clear}}
== Explanatory notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Rebecca (Biblical figure)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081211142023/http://emt.bu.edu/~rdaroff/details.php?recordID=33 Nicholas Poussin's "Rebecca at the Well"]
{{Prophets of the Tanakh|state=collapsed}}
{{Honoured women in Islam}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:20th-century BC people]]
[[Category:20th-century BC women]]
[[Category:Biblical matriarchs]]
[[Category:Book of Genesis people]]
[[Category:Isaac]]
[[Category:Esau]]
[[Category:Vayeira]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Biblical character}}
{{About|the Biblical matriarch|the given name|Rebecca (given name)|other uses|Rebecca (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|Rebekah|the service organization|International Association of Rebekah Assemblies}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}<!--based on established style found in article in October 2012-->
[[File:Benjamin West - Isaac's servant tying the bracelet on Rebecca's arm - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Isaac's servant tying the bracelet on Rebecca's arm]]
'''Rebecca'''{{efn|Also spelled '''Rebekah'''; {{Hebrew Name|{{Script/Hebrew|רִבְקָה}}|Rīvqa|Rīḇqā}} <small>[[ISO 259-3]]</small> {{lang|he-Latn|Ribqah}}, {{lang-grc-gre|Ῥεβέκκα}}, {{lang|grc-Latn|Rhebékka}}; [[Aramaic|Syriac]]: {{lang|syc|ܪܲܦܩܵܐ}}, {{lang|syc-Latn|Rapqa}}) from the Hebrew {{lang|he-Latn|ribhqeh}} (lit., 'connection'), from [[Semitic root]] {{lang|sem-Latn|r-b-q}}, 'to tie, couple or join',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=rebecca&searchmode=none |title=Rebecca |work=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]] |year=2010 |access-date=29 May 2011}}</ref> 'to secure', or 'to snare')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rebekah.html |title=Meaning and etymology of the name Rebecca (Rebekah) |publisher=Abarim Publications |access-date=29 May 2011 }}</ref>}} ({{IPAc-en|r|ɪ|ˈ|b|ɛ|k|ə}}) appears in the [[Hebrew Bible]] as the wife of [[Isaac]] and the mother of [[Jacob]] and [[Esau]]. According to biblical tradition, Rebecca's father was Bethuel the [[Aramean]] from [[Paddan Aram]], also called [[Aram-Naharaim]].<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Yale University Press| isbn = 978-0-300-17891-3| last = Hamori| first = Esther J.| title = Women's Divination in Biblical Literature: Prophecy, Necromancy, and Other Arts of Knowledge| date = 2015}}</ref> Rebecca's brother was [[Laban (Bible)|Laban]] the Aramean, and she was the granddaughter of [[Milcah]] and [[Nahor, son of Terah|Nahor]], the brother of [[Abraham]].<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = KTAV Publishing House, Inc.| isbn = 978-0-88125-847-9| last1 = Tuchman| first1 = Shera Aranoff| last2 = Rapoport| first2 = Sandra E.| title = The Passions of the Matriarchs| date = 2004}}</ref> Rebecca and Isaac were one of the four couples that some believe are buried in the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]], the other three being [[Adam]] and [[Eve]], Abraham and [[Sarah]], and [[Jacob]] and [[Leah]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chabad.org/special/israel/points_of_interest_cdo/aid/588225/jewish/Cave-of-the-Patriarchs.htm |title=Cave of the Patriarchs |website=[[Chabad.org]] |access-date=4 February 2014 }}</ref>
==Early life==
[[File:Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo 022.jpg|thumb|''Rebecca and Eliezer'' by [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo]], 17th century]] nigga balls
After the [[Binding of Isaac]], Sarah died. After taking care of her burial, Abraham went about finding a wife for his son Isaac, who was already 37 years old. He commanded his servant (whom the Torah commentators identify as [[Eliezer of Damascus]])<ref>[[Nosson Scherman|Scherman, Rabbi Nosson]] (1993). ''The Chumash''. Brooklyn, New York: Mesorah Publications, pp. 109–21.</ref> to journey to his birthplace of [[Aram Naharaim]] to select a bride from his own family, rather than engage Isaac to a local [[Canaan]]ite girl. Abraham sent along expensive jewelry, clothing and dainties as gifts to the bride and her family. If the girl had refused to follow him, Abraham stated that Eliezer would be absolved of his responsibility.
The servant devised a test in order to find the right wife for Isaac. As he stood at the central well in Abraham's birthplace with his men and ten camels laden with goods, he prayed to God:
<blockquote>And let it come to pass, that the damsel to whom I shall say, Let down thy pitcher, I pray thee, that I may drink; and she shall say, Drink, and I will give thy camels drink also: let the same be she that thou hast appointed for thy servant Isaac; and thereby shall I know that thou hast shewed kindness unto my master.
:— Genesis 24:14</blockquote>
[[File:James Jacques Joseph Tissot - Rebecca Meets Isaac by the Way - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|150px|Rebecca Meets Isaac by the Way, by [[James Tissot]] (c. 1896–1902)]]
To his surprise, a young girl immediately came out and offered to draw water for him to drink, as well as water to fill the troughs for all his camels. Rebecca continued to draw water until all the camels were sated, proving her kind and generous nature and her suitability for entering Abraham's household.
The servant immediately gave her a golden nose ring and two golden bracelets ({{bibleverse|Genesis|24:22|KJV}}, {{bibleverse|Genesis|24:47|KJV}}), which Rebecca hurried to show her mother. Seeing the jewelry, Rebecca's brother [[Laban (Bible)|Laban]] ran out to greet the guest and bring him inside. The servant recounted the oath he made to Abraham and all the details of his trip to and meeting with Rebecca in fine detail, after which her brother Laban and her father [[Bethuel]] agreed that she could return with him. After hosting the party overnight, however, the family tried to keep Rebecca with them longer. The servant insisted that they ask the girl herself, and she agreed to go immediately. Her family sent her off with her nurse, [[Deborah (Genesis)|Deborah]] (according to [[Rashi]]), and blessed her, "Our sister, may you come to be thousands of myriads, and may your offspring inherit the gate of its foes."
[[File:RebeccaAtTheWell Giovanni.jpg|thumb|upright|''Rebecca at the Well'' by [[Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini]]]]
As Rebecca and her entourage approached Abraham's home, they spied Isaac from a distance in the fields of [[Beer-lahai-roi]]. The [[Talmud]]<ref>[[Berakhot (Talmud)|Berachot]] 26b.</ref> and the [[Midrash]] explain that Isaac was praying, as he instituted [[Mincha]], the afternoon prayer. Seeing such a spiritually exalted man, Rebecca immediately dismounted from her camel and asked the accompanying servant who he was. When she heard that this was her future husband, she modestly covered herself with a veil. Isaac brought her into the tent of his deceased mother Sarah, married her, and loved her.
According to Rashi, the three [[miracle]]s that characterized Sarah's tent while she was alive, and that disappeared with her death, reappeared when Rebecca entered the tent. These were: A lamp burned in her tent from [[Shabbat]] eve to Shabbat eve, there was a blessing in her [[challah|dough]], and a cloud hovered over her tent (symbolizing the [[Shechina|Divine Presence]]).
===Wedding allusions===
[[File:The Veiled Rebecca 02.jpg|thumb|''[[Veiled Rebecca|The Veiled Rebecca]]'' (1863), by [[Giovanni Maria Benzoni]]]]
Some of the events leading up to the marriage of Isaac and Rebecca have been institutionalized in the traditional [[Jewish wedding|Jewish wedding ceremony]]. Before the [[bride]] and [[bridegroom]] stand under the [[chuppah]], they take part in a special ceremony called ''[[badeken]]'' (veiling). The bridegroom is led to the bride by two escorts and, seeing her, covers her face with a veil, like the way Rebecca covered her face before marrying Isaac. Then the bridegroom (or the father of the [[bride]], or the officiating [[rabbi]]) recites the same blessing over the bride that Rebecca's family recited over her, "Our sister, may you come to be thousands of myriads, and may your offspring inherit the gate of its foes."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.nyc.rr.com/tonymorris/Ceremony/Ceremony.html |title=Jewish Wedding Ceremony Explained |publisher=nyc.rr.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040212080331/http://home.nyc.rr.com/tonymorris/Ceremony/Ceremony.html|archive-date=12 February 2004}}</ref>
==Marriage and motherhood==
According to the traditional counting cited by Rashi, Isaac was 37 years old at the time of the [[Binding of Isaac]]. The reasoning for that age is that Sarah, who gave birth to Isaac when she was 90, died after the binding when she was 127 years old, making Isaac around 37 at that time. Isaac was 40 years old when he married Rebecca.<ref>Genesis 25:20.</ref> Twenty years elapsed before they had children; throughout that time, both Isaac and Rebecca prayed fervently to God for offspring. God eventually answered Isaac's prayers and Rebecca conceived.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/246618/jewish/Jacob-and-Esau.htm|title=Jacob and Esau|website=[[Chabad.org]]|access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref>
Rebecca was extremely uncomfortable during her pregnancy and went to inquire of God why she was suffering so. According to the Midrash, whenever she would pass a house of Torah study, Jacob would struggle to come out; whenever she would pass a house of [[idolatry]], Esau would agitate to come out.<ref>Genesis Rabbah 63:6.</ref> Thinking that she was carrying one baby who was displaying conflicting propensities, Rebecca sought enlightenment at the [[yeshiva]] of [[Shem]] and [[Eber]]. There she received the prophecy that twins were fighting in her womb and would continue to fight all their lives.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ujcvp.org/adath_jeshurun/vortify/toldot.html |title=Vortify Yourself: Parshat Toldot |last=Rosenzweig |first=Rabbi Yosil |date=29 November 1997 |access-date=30 December 2010 |publisher=[[United Jewish Community of the Virginia Peninsula]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518044704/http://www.ujcvp.org/adath_jeshurun/vortify/toldot.html |archive-date=18 May 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The prophecy also said that the older would serve the younger; its statement, "One people will be stronger than the other" has been taken to mean that the two nations will never gain power simultaneously; when one falls, the other will rise, and vice versa.<ref>Rashi on Genesis 25:23.</ref> According to tradition, Rebecca did not share the prophecy with her husband.
When the time came for Rebecca to give birth, the first child to come out emerged red and hairy all over, with his heel grasped by the hand of the second to come out. Onlookers named the first עשו, Esau ('Esav or 'Esaw, meaning either "rough", "sensibly felt", "handled", from {{lang-he|עשה}}, ''{{'}}asah'', "do" or "make";<ref>[[Strong's Concordance]] 6215, 6213.</ref> or "completely developed", from {{lang-he|עשוי}}, ''{{'}}assui'', since Esau had as much hair as a child who was much older)<ref>Rashi on Genesis 50:50.</ref> The second was named יעקב, Jacob (Ya'aqob or Ya'aqov, meaning "heel-catcher", "supplanter", "leg-puller", "he who follows upon the heels of one", from {{lang-he|עקב}}, ''{{'}}aqab'' or ''{{'}}aqav'', "seize by the heel", "circumvent", "restrain", a wordplay upon {{lang-he|עקבה}}, ''{{'}}iqqebah'' or ''{{'}}iqqbah'', "heel").<ref>[[Strong's Concordance]] 3290, 6117.</ref> The Bible states that Isaac was sixty years old when the twins were born.<ref>Genesis 25:26.</ref>
[[File:Giuseppe Molteni - Rebecca - Google Art Project.jpg|thumbnail| Rebecca, by [[Giuseppe Molteni]] (1800–1867) ]]
The Midrash says that as boys, people did not notice much difference between them. When they reached the age of 13, Jacob busied himself in the [[beth midrash|house of study]], while Esau busied himself with idolatry.<ref>Genesis Rabbah 63:10.</ref> The descriptions of the two young men hint at their opposing spiritual natures: "The lads grew up and Esau became one who knows hunting, a man of the field; but Jacob was a wholesome man, abiding in tents".<ref>Genesis 25:27.</ref> The description of Esau as a "hunter" hints to his skill of trapping his father with his mouth; for example, he would ask Isaac whether [[ma'aser|tithes]] should be taken from salt and straw, making his father think he was scrupulous in keeping the [[mitzvah]]s.<ref>Genesis Rabbah 63:15.</ref> Scripture notes that the attitudes of their parents toward the boys differed: "Isaac loved Esau because he did eat of hunting, but Rebecca loved Jacob".<ref>Genesis 25:28.</ref>
According to the [[Talmud]], immediately after Abraham died, Jacob prepared a [[lentil]] stew as a traditional mourner's meal for his father, Isaac.<ref>[[Bava Batra]] 16b.</ref> The Hebrew Bible states that Esau, returning famished from the fields, begged Jacob to give him some of the stew. (Esau referred to the dish as "that red, red stuff", giving rise to his nickname, {{lang-he|אדום}} ('''Edom'', meaning "Red").) Jacob offered to give Esau a bowl of stew in exchange for his birthright (the right to be recognized as firstborn), and Esau agreed. The Talmudic dating indicates both men were 15 years old at the time.<ref>This is understood from the plain meaning of the verses. Abraham was one hundred years when Isaac was born (Genesis 46:5). Isaac was sixty years old when the twins were born (Genesis 25:26). Abraham died at the age of 175 (Genesis 25:7), making Jacob and Esau fifteen years old at the time of Abraham's death.</ref>
At a later time, a [[famine]] struck the land of Israel and Isaac moved his family, upon God's command, to [[Gerar]], which was ruled by [[Abimelech]], king of the [[Philistines]]. Like Abraham before him, who called Sarah his "sister" rather than his "wife" so that the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptians]] would not kill him and take his wife, Isaac told the people of Gerar that Rebecca was his sister. She was not molested, but one day Abimelech looked through the window and saw Isaac "sporting" (a euphemism for sexual play)<ref>Genesis Rabbah 64:5.</ref> with her. Abimelech called Isaac on his lie, and then warned others not to touch Rebecca. Eventually Isaac parted from Abimelech in peace.
<!--Isaac-only paragraph deleted-->
At the age of 40 (the same age his father had been when he married), Esau took two [[Biblical Hittites|Hittite]] wives, Judith the daughter of Beeri, and Basemath the daughter of Elon, who vexed Isaac and Rebecca to no end, as these women were also idol-worshippers. One reason why Isaac became blind in his old age was due to the smoke of the incense that these women offered to their idols.<ref>Rashi on Genesis 52:1, citing [[Tanhuma]] 8.</ref>
==The deception of Isaac==
Isaac became blind in his old age and decided to bestow the blessing of the firstborn upon Esau. According to the Midrash, Isaac had reached the age of 132, five years past the age of his mother, Sarah, had been at her death. According to Genesis, Isaac had reached the age of 137. At this time, the Sages state that one should begin to think he might not exceed the age of whichever parent died first.<ref name="Scherman">Scherman, Rabbi Nosson (1993). ''The Chumash''. Brooklyn, New York: Mesorah Publications, p. 135.</ref> Isaac therefore sent Esau out to the fields to trap and cook a piece of game for him, so that he could eat it and bless Esau before he died.
Rebecca overheard this conversation and realized that Isaac's blessings should go to Jacob, since she was told before the twins' birth that the older son would serve the younger.<ref name="Scherman" /> She therefore ordered Jacob to bring her two goats from the flock, which she cooked in the way Isaac loved, and had him bring them to his father in place of Esau.
When Jacob protested that his father would recognize the deception and curse him as soon as he felt him, since Esau was hairy and Jacob smooth-skinned, Rebecca said that the curse would be on her instead. Before she sent Jacob to his father, she dressed him in Esau's garments and laid goatskins on his arms and neck to simulate hairy skin.
Thus disguised, Jacob entered his father's room. Surprised to perceive that Esau was back so soon, Isaac asked how it could be that the hunt went so quickly. Jacob responded, "Because the {{LORD}} your God arranged it for me"; Rashi (on {{bibleverse||Genesis|52:46|HE}}) says Isaac's suspicions were aroused because Esau never used the personal name of God. Isaac demanded that Jacob come close so he could feel him, but the goatskins felt just like Esau's hairy skin. Confused, Isaac exclaimed, "The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau!" (27:22). Still trying to get at the truth, Isaac asked him point-blank, "Are you really my son Esau?" and Jacob answered simply, "I am" (which can be taken as "I am me", not "I am Esau"). Isaac proceeded to eat the food and to drink the wine that Jacob gave him, and then he blessed him with the dew of the heavens, the fatness of the earth, and rulership over many nations as well as his own brother.
Jacob had scarcely left the room when Esau returned from the hunt to receive the blessing. The realization that he has been deceived shocks Isaac, yet he acknowledged that Jacob received the blessings as sworn, by adding, "Indeed, he will be [or remain] blessed!" (52:8). Rashi explains that Isaac smelled the heavenly scent of [[Paradise|Gan Eden]] (Paradise) when Jacob entered his room. As a contrast, Isaac perceived [[Gehenna]] opening beneath Esau when the latter entered the room, showing Isaac that he had been deceived all along by Esau's show of piety.<ref>''Pirkei d'Rav Kahana'', quoted in Scherman, p. 139.</ref>
Esau was heartbroken by the deception, and begged for his own blessing. Having made Jacob a ruler over his brothers, Isaac could only promise, "By thy sword thou shalt live, and shalt serve thy brother; yet it shall come to pass when thou shalt have the dominion, that thou shalt cast off his yoke from off thy neck" (Gen 27:40).
Esau was filled with hatred toward Jacob for taking away both his birthright and his blessing. He vowed to himself to kill Jacob as soon as Isaac died. Here again, Rebecca prophetically perceived his murderous intentions and ordered Jacob to travel to her brother Laban's house in Haran, until Esau's anger subsided. She then convinced Isaac to send Jacob away, by telling him that she despaired of him marrying a local girl from the idol-worshipping families of [[Canaan]] (as Esau had done). After Isaac sent Jacob away (to find a wife), Esau realized that his own Canaanite wives were evil in his father's eyes. Esau therefore took [[Mahalath]], a daughter of Isaac's half-brother [[Ishmael]], as another wife.
==Death and burial==
[[File:Grave rebecca, wife of nabi Ishaq.jpeg|thumb|left|Grave of Rebecca in [[Hebron]]]]
Jacob lived with Laban for twenty years (Gen. 31:41), marrying Laban's two daughters and two maidservants. He returned to Canaan with his large family, servants, and possessions. As he did, [[Deborah (Genesis)|Deborah]] (Rebecca's nurse) died and was buried at a place that Jacob calls ''Alon Bachuth'' (אלון בכות), "Tree of Weepings" (Gen. 35:8). According to the Midrash,<ref>Genesis Rabbah 81:5.</ref> the plural form of the word "weeping" indicates a double sorrow, implying that Rebecca also died at this time.
Rebecca was buried in the [[Cave of the Patriarchs|Cave of Machpelah]] near Mamre, in the land of Canaan (Gen 49:31).
According to the Talmud, the Torah's explicit dating of the life of Ishmael helps to date various events in Jacob's life and, by implication, the age of Rebecca at her death. Ishmael was born when Abraham was 86 years old (Gen. 16:16) and died at the age of 137 (Gen. 25:17). Isaac was born when Abraham was 100 (Gen. 21:5); at that time Ishmael was 14. Jacob and Esau were born when Isaac was 60 (Gen. 25:26); at that time Ishmael was 74. Right after Jacob receives the blessings and flees to Laban, the Torah states that Esau married "Mahalat, the daughter of Ishmael, son of Abraham, ''sister of Nebaiot''" (Gen. 28:9), on which Rashi, quoting [[Megillah (Talmud)|Megillah]] 17a, notes that Ishmael died between the engagement and wedding, so the girl's brother gave her away. If Ishmael was 137 at the time of his death, this means that Jacob and Esau were 63 at the time of the blessings. The Talmud adds that Jacob spent 14 years in the [[yeshiva]] of [[Shem]] and [[Eber]] before proceeding to Laban, arriving when he was 77. Rebecca's death after Jacob's 20 years with Laban indicates that Jacob was 97 when his mother died and Rebecca was either 120 or 134 (based on different Midrashim mentioned earlier about her age at marriage).
==See also==
{{portal|Bible|Judaism}}
* [[Rebekah (Women of Genesis series)]]
{{clear}}
== Explanatory notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Rebecca (Biblical figure)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081211142023/http://emt.bu.edu/~rdaroff/details.php?recordID=33 Nicholas Poussin's "Rebecca at the Well"]
{{Prophets of the Tanakh|state=collapsed}}
{{Honoured women in Islam}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:20th-century BC people]]
[[Category:20th-century BC women]]
[[Category:Biblical matriarchs]]
[[Category:Book of Genesis people]]
[[Category:Isaac]]
[[Category:Esau]]
[[Category:Vayeira]]' |
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==Early life==
-[[File:Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo 022.jpg|thumb|''Rebecca and Eliezer'' by [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo]], 17th century]]
+[[File:Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo 022.jpg|thumb|''Rebecca and Eliezer'' by [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo]], 17th century]] nigga balls
After the [[Binding of Isaac]], Sarah died. After taking care of her burial, Abraham went about finding a wife for his son Isaac, who was already 37 years old. He commanded his servant (whom the Torah commentators identify as [[Eliezer of Damascus]])<ref>[[Nosson Scherman|Scherman, Rabbi Nosson]] (1993). ''The Chumash''. Brooklyn, New York: Mesorah Publications, pp. 109–21.</ref> to journey to his birthplace of [[Aram Naharaim]] to select a bride from his own family, rather than engage Isaac to a local [[Canaan]]ite girl. Abraham sent along expensive jewelry, clothing and dainties as gifts to the bride and her family. If the girl had refused to follow him, Abraham stated that Eliezer would be absolved of his responsibility.
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Biblical character</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Biblical matriarch. For the given name, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rebecca_(given_name)" title="Rebecca (given name)">Rebecca (given name)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rebecca_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rebecca (disambiguation)">Rebecca (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Rebekah" redirects here. For the service organization, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Association_of_Rebekah_Assemblies" title="International Association of Rebekah Assemblies">International Association of Rebekah Assemblies</a>.</div>
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Benjamin_West_-_Isaac%27s_servant_tying_the_bracelet_on_Rebecca%27s_arm_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Benjamin_West_-_Isaac%27s_servant_tying_the_bracelet_on_Rebecca%27s_arm_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Benjamin_West_-_Isaac%27s_servant_tying_the_bracelet_on_Rebecca%27s_arm_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Benjamin_West_-_Isaac%27s_servant_tying_the_bracelet_on_Rebecca%27s_arm_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Benjamin_West_-_Isaac%27s_servant_tying_the_bracelet_on_Rebecca%27s_arm_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Benjamin_West_-_Isaac%27s_servant_tying_the_bracelet_on_Rebecca%27s_arm_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Benjamin_West_-_Isaac%27s_servant_tying_the_bracelet_on_Rebecca%27s_arm_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6384" data-file-height="5130" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Benjamin_West_-_Isaac%27s_servant_tying_the_bracelet_on_Rebecca%27s_arm_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Isaac's servant tying the bracelet on Rebecca's arm</div></div></div>
<p><b>Rebecca</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>) appears in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> as the wife of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a> and the mother of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a>. According to biblical tradition, Rebecca's father was Bethuel the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aramean" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramean">Aramean</a> from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paddan_Aram" title="Paddan Aram">Paddan Aram</a>, also called <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aram-Naharaim" title="Aram-Naharaim">Aram-Naharaim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></sup> Rebecca's brother was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laban_(Bible)" title="Laban (Bible)">Laban</a> the Aramean, and she was the granddaughter of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milcah" title="Milcah">Milcah</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nahor,_son_of_Terah" title="Nahor, son of Terah">Nahor</a>, the brother of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></sup> Rebecca and Isaac were one of the four couples that some believe are buried in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Cave of the Patriarchs</a>, the other three being <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a>, Abraham and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></sup>
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Wedding_allusions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Wedding allusions</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Marriage_and_motherhood"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Marriage and motherhood</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#The_deception_of_Isaac"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">The deception of Isaac</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Death_and_burial"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Death and burial</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Explanatory_notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Explanatory notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rebecca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_022.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_022.jpg/220px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_022.jpg/330px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_022.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_022.jpg/440px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2717" data-file-height="1931" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_022.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>Rebecca and Eliezer</i> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo" title="Bartolomé Esteban Murillo">Bartolomé Esteban Murillo</a>, 17th century</div></div></div><p> nigga balls
</p><p>After the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">Binding of Isaac</a>, Sarah died. After taking care of her burial, Abraham went about finding a wife for his son Isaac, who was already 37 years old. He commanded his servant (whom the Torah commentators identify as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eliezer_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eliezer of Damascus">Eliezer of Damascus</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></sup> to journey to his birthplace of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aram_Naharaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Aram Naharaim">Aram Naharaim</a> to select a bride from his own family, rather than engage Isaac to a local <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> girl. Abraham sent along expensive jewelry, clothing and dainties as gifts to the bride and her family. If the girl had refused to follow him, Abraham stated that Eliezer would be absolved of his responsibility.
</p><p>The servant devised a test in order to find the right wife for Isaac. As he stood at the central well in Abraham's birthplace with his men and ten camels laden with goods, he prayed to God:
</p>
<blockquote><p>And let it come to pass, that the damsel to whom I shall say, Let down thy pitcher, I pray thee, that I may drink; and she shall say, Drink, and I will give thy camels drink also: let the same be she that thou hast appointed for thy servant Isaac; and thereby shall I know that thou hast shewed kindness unto my master.
</p><dl><dd>— Genesis 24:14</dd></dl></blockquote>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:James_Jacques_Joseph_Tissot_-_Rebecca_Meets_Isaac_by_the_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/James_Jacques_Joseph_Tissot_-_Rebecca_Meets_Isaac_by_the_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/150px-James_Jacques_Joseph_Tissot_-_Rebecca_Meets_Isaac_by_the_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="237" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/James_Jacques_Joseph_Tissot_-_Rebecca_Meets_Isaac_by_the_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/225px-James_Jacques_Joseph_Tissot_-_Rebecca_Meets_Isaac_by_the_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/James_Jacques_Joseph_Tissot_-_Rebecca_Meets_Isaac_by_the_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/300px-James_Jacques_Joseph_Tissot_-_Rebecca_Meets_Isaac_by_the_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2710" data-file-height="4288" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:James_Jacques_Joseph_Tissot_-_Rebecca_Meets_Isaac_by_the_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Rebecca Meets Isaac by the Way, by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a> (c. 1896–1902)</div></div></div>
<p>To his surprise, a young girl immediately came out and offered to draw water for him to drink, as well as water to fill the troughs for all his camels. Rebecca continued to draw water until all the camels were sated, proving her kind and generous nature and her suitability for entering Abraham's household.
</p><p>The servant immediately gave her a golden nose ring and two golden bracelets (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#24:22" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 24:22</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#24:47" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 24:47</a>), which Rebecca hurried to show her mother. Seeing the jewelry, Rebecca's brother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laban_(Bible)" title="Laban (Bible)">Laban</a> ran out to greet the guest and bring him inside. The servant recounted the oath he made to Abraham and all the details of his trip to and meeting with Rebecca in fine detail, after which her brother Laban and her father <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bethuel" title="Bethuel">Bethuel</a> agreed that she could return with him. After hosting the party overnight, however, the family tried to keep Rebecca with them longer. The servant insisted that they ask the girl herself, and she agreed to go immediately. Her family sent her off with her nurse, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deborah_(Genesis)" title="Deborah (Genesis)">Deborah</a> (according to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>), and blessed her, "Our sister, may you come to be thousands of myriads, and may your offspring inherit the gate of its foes."
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:RebeccaAtTheWell_Giovanni.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/RebeccaAtTheWell_Giovanni.jpg/170px-RebeccaAtTheWell_Giovanni.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/RebeccaAtTheWell_Giovanni.jpg/255px-RebeccaAtTheWell_Giovanni.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/RebeccaAtTheWell_Giovanni.jpg/340px-RebeccaAtTheWell_Giovanni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3463" data-file-height="4226" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:RebeccaAtTheWell_Giovanni.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>Rebecca at the Well</i> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Pellegrini" title="Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini">Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini</a></div></div></div>
<p>As Rebecca and her entourage approached Abraham's home, they spied Isaac from a distance in the fields of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beer-lahai-roi" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer-lahai-roi">Beer-lahai-roi</a>. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></sup> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a> explain that Isaac was praying, as he instituted <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mincha" title="Mincha">Mincha</a>, the afternoon prayer. Seeing such a spiritually exalted man, Rebecca immediately dismounted from her camel and asked the accompanying servant who he was. When she heard that this was her future husband, she modestly covered herself with a veil. Isaac brought her into the tent of his deceased mother Sarah, married her, and loved her.
</p><p>According to Rashi, the three <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">miracles</a> that characterized Sarah's tent while she was alive, and that disappeared with her death, reappeared when Rebecca entered the tent. These were: A lamp burned in her tent from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> eve to Shabbat eve, there was a blessing in her <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">dough</a>, and a cloud hovered over her tent (symbolizing the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shechina" class="mw-redirect" title="Shechina">Divine Presence</a>).
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wedding_allusions">Wedding allusions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rebecca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wedding allusions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:The_Veiled_Rebecca_02.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Veiled_Rebecca_02.jpg/220px-The_Veiled_Rebecca_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Veiled_Rebecca_02.jpg/330px-The_Veiled_Rebecca_02.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Veiled_Rebecca_02.jpg/440px-The_Veiled_Rebecca_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3183" data-file-height="4425" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:The_Veiled_Rebecca_02.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Veiled_Rebecca" title="Veiled Rebecca">The Veiled Rebecca</a></i> (1863), by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Benzoni" title="Giovanni Maria Benzoni">Giovanni Maria Benzoni</a></div></div></div>
<p>Some of the events leading up to the marriage of Isaac and Rebecca have been institutionalized in the traditional <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Jewish wedding ceremony</a>. Before the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bride" title="Bride">bride</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bridegroom" title="Bridegroom">bridegroom</a> stand under the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chuppah" title="Chuppah">chuppah</a>, they take part in a special ceremony called <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Badeken" title="Badeken">badeken</a></i> (veiling). The bridegroom is led to the bride by two escorts and, seeing her, covers her face with a veil, like the way Rebecca covered her face before marrying Isaac. Then the bridegroom (or the father of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bride" title="Bride">bride</a>, or the officiating <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a>) recites the same blessing over the bride that Rebecca's family recited over her, "Our sister, may you come to be thousands of myriads, and may your offspring inherit the gate of its foes."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Marriage_and_motherhood">Marriage and motherhood</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rebecca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage and motherhood">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>According to the traditional counting cited by Rashi, Isaac was 37 years old at the time of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">Binding of Isaac</a>. The reasoning for that age is that Sarah, who gave birth to Isaac when she was 90, died after the binding when she was 127 years old, making Isaac around 37 at that time. Isaac was 40 years old when he married Rebecca.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a></sup> Twenty years elapsed before they had children; throughout that time, both Isaac and Rebecca prayed fervently to God for offspring. God eventually answered Isaac's prayers and Rebecca conceived.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>Rebecca was extremely uncomfortable during her pregnancy and went to inquire of God why she was suffering so. According to the Midrash, whenever she would pass a house of Torah study, Jacob would struggle to come out; whenever she would pass a house of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatry</a>, Esau would agitate to come out.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a></sup> Thinking that she was carrying one baby who was displaying conflicting propensities, Rebecca sought enlightenment at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshiva</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a>. There she received the prophecy that twins were fighting in her womb and would continue to fight all their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a></sup> The prophecy also said that the older would serve the younger; its statement, "One people will be stronger than the other" has been taken to mean that the two nations will never gain power simultaneously; when one falls, the other will rise, and vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a></sup> According to tradition, Rebecca did not share the prophecy with her husband.
</p><p>When the time came for Rebecca to give birth, the first child to come out emerged red and hairy all over, with his heel grasped by the hand of the second to come out. Onlookers named the first עשו, Esau ('Esav or 'Esaw, meaning either "rough", "sensibly felt", "handled", from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">עשה</span>, <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>asah</i>, "do" or "make";<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a></sup> or "completely developed", from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">עשוי</span>, <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>assui</i>, since Esau had as much hair as a child who was much older)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></sup> The second was named יעקב, Jacob (Ya'aqob or Ya'aqov, meaning "heel-catcher", "supplanter", "leg-puller", "he who follows upon the heels of one", from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">עקב</span>, <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>aqab</i> or <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>aqav</i>, "seize by the heel", "circumvent", "restrain", a wordplay upon <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">עקבה</span>, <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>iqqebah</i> or <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>iqqbah</i>, "heel").<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a></sup> The Bible states that Isaac was sixty years old when the twins were born.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Giuseppe_Molteni_-_Rebecca_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Giuseppe_Molteni_-_Rebecca_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Giuseppe_Molteni_-_Rebecca_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Giuseppe_Molteni_-_Rebecca_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Giuseppe_Molteni_-_Rebecca_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Giuseppe_Molteni_-_Rebecca_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Giuseppe_Molteni_-_Rebecca_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5117" data-file-height="6001" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Giuseppe_Molteni_-_Rebecca_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Rebecca, by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Molteni" title="Giuseppe Molteni">Giuseppe Molteni</a> (1800–1867)</div></div></div>
<p>The Midrash says that as boys, people did not notice much difference between them. When they reached the age of 13, Jacob busied himself in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beth_midrash" title="Beth midrash">house of study</a>, while Esau busied himself with idolatry.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a></sup> The descriptions of the two young men hint at their opposing spiritual natures: "The lads grew up and Esau became one who knows hunting, a man of the field; but Jacob was a wholesome man, abiding in tents".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a></sup> The description of Esau as a "hunter" hints to his skill of trapping his father with his mouth; for example, he would ask Isaac whether <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ma%27aser" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'aser">tithes</a> should be taken from salt and straw, making his father think he was scrupulous in keeping the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">mitzvahs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a></sup> Scripture notes that the attitudes of their parents toward the boys differed: "Isaac loved Esau because he did eat of hunting, but Rebecca loved Jacob".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, immediately after Abraham died, Jacob prepared a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">lentil</a> stew as a traditional mourner's meal for his father, Isaac.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a></sup> The Hebrew Bible states that Esau, returning famished from the fields, begged Jacob to give him some of the stew. (Esau referred to the dish as "that red, red stuff", giving rise to his nickname, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אדום</span> ('<i>Edom</i>, meaning "Red").) Jacob offered to give Esau a bowl of stew in exchange for his birthright (the right to be recognized as firstborn), and Esau agreed. The Talmudic dating indicates both men were 15 years old at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a></sup>
</p><p>At a later time, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a> struck the land of Israel and Isaac moved his family, upon God's command, to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerar" title="Gerar">Gerar</a>, which was ruled by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abimelech" title="Abimelech">Abimelech</a>, king of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a>. Like Abraham before him, who called Sarah his "sister" rather than his "wife" so that the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptians</a> would not kill him and take his wife, Isaac told the people of Gerar that Rebecca was his sister. She was not molested, but one day Abimelech looked through the window and saw Isaac "sporting" (a euphemism for sexual play)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a></sup> with her. Abimelech called Isaac on his lie, and then warned others not to touch Rebecca. Eventually Isaac parted from Abimelech in peace.
</p><p>At the age of 40 (the same age his father had been when he married), Esau took two <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biblical_Hittites" title="Biblical Hittites">Hittite</a> wives, Judith the daughter of Beeri, and Basemath the daughter of Elon, who vexed Isaac and Rebecca to no end, as these women were also idol-worshippers. One reason why Isaac became blind in his old age was due to the smoke of the incense that these women offered to their idols.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="The_deception_of_Isaac">The deception of Isaac</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rebecca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The deception of Isaac">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Isaac became blind in his old age and decided to bestow the blessing of the firstborn upon Esau. According to the Midrash, Isaac had reached the age of 132, five years past the age of his mother, Sarah, had been at her death. According to Genesis, Isaac had reached the age of 137. At this time, the Sages state that one should begin to think he might not exceed the age of whichever parent died first.<sup id="cite_ref-Scherman_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scherman-27">[26]</a></sup> Isaac therefore sent Esau out to the fields to trap and cook a piece of game for him, so that he could eat it and bless Esau before he died.
</p><p>Rebecca overheard this conversation and realized that Isaac's blessings should go to Jacob, since she was told before the twins' birth that the older son would serve the younger.<sup id="cite_ref-Scherman_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scherman-27">[26]</a></sup> She therefore ordered Jacob to bring her two goats from the flock, which she cooked in the way Isaac loved, and had him bring them to his father in place of Esau.
</p><p>When Jacob protested that his father would recognize the deception and curse him as soon as he felt him, since Esau was hairy and Jacob smooth-skinned, Rebecca said that the curse would be on her instead. Before she sent Jacob to his father, she dressed him in Esau's garments and laid goatskins on his arms and neck to simulate hairy skin.
</p><p>Thus disguised, Jacob entered his father's room. Surprised to perceive that Esau was back so soon, Isaac asked how it could be that the hunt went so quickly. Jacob responded, "Because the L<span class="smallcaps" style="font-size:83%">ORD</span> your God arranged it for me"; Rashi (on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0152.htm#46">Genesis 52:46</a>) says Isaac's suspicions were aroused because Esau never used the personal name of God. Isaac demanded that Jacob come close so he could feel him, but the goatskins felt just like Esau's hairy skin. Confused, Isaac exclaimed, "The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau!" (27:22). Still trying to get at the truth, Isaac asked him point-blank, "Are you really my son Esau?" and Jacob answered simply, "I am" (which can be taken as "I am me", not "I am Esau"). Isaac proceeded to eat the food and to drink the wine that Jacob gave him, and then he blessed him with the dew of the heavens, the fatness of the earth, and rulership over many nations as well as his own brother.
</p><p>Jacob had scarcely left the room when Esau returned from the hunt to receive the blessing. The realization that he has been deceived shocks Isaac, yet he acknowledged that Jacob received the blessings as sworn, by adding, "Indeed, he will be [or remain] blessed!" (52:8). Rashi explains that Isaac smelled the heavenly scent of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Gan Eden</a> (Paradise) when Jacob entered his room. As a contrast, Isaac perceived <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gehenna" class="mw-redirect" title="Gehenna">Gehenna</a> opening beneath Esau when the latter entered the room, showing Isaac that he had been deceived all along by Esau's show of piety.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a></sup>
</p><p>Esau was heartbroken by the deception, and begged for his own blessing. Having made Jacob a ruler over his brothers, Isaac could only promise, "By thy sword thou shalt live, and shalt serve thy brother; yet it shall come to pass when thou shalt have the dominion, that thou shalt cast off his yoke from off thy neck" (Gen 27:40).
</p><p>Esau was filled with hatred toward Jacob for taking away both his birthright and his blessing. He vowed to himself to kill Jacob as soon as Isaac died. Here again, Rebecca prophetically perceived his murderous intentions and ordered Jacob to travel to her brother Laban's house in Haran, until Esau's anger subsided. She then convinced Isaac to send Jacob away, by telling him that she despaired of him marrying a local girl from the idol-worshipping families of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> (as Esau had done). After Isaac sent Jacob away (to find a wife), Esau realized that his own Canaanite wives were evil in his father's eyes. Esau therefore took <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahalath" title="Mahalath">Mahalath</a>, a daughter of Isaac's half-brother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a>, as another wife.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Death_and_burial">Death and burial</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rebecca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death and burial">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Grave_rebecca,_wife_of_nabi_Ishaq.jpeg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Grave_rebecca%2C_wife_of_nabi_Ishaq.jpeg/220px-Grave_rebecca%2C_wife_of_nabi_Ishaq.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Grave_rebecca%2C_wife_of_nabi_Ishaq.jpeg/330px-Grave_rebecca%2C_wife_of_nabi_Ishaq.jpeg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Grave_rebecca%2C_wife_of_nabi_Ishaq.jpeg/440px-Grave_rebecca%2C_wife_of_nabi_Ishaq.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Grave_rebecca,_wife_of_nabi_Ishaq.jpeg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Grave of Rebecca in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></div></div></div>
<p>Jacob lived with Laban for twenty years (Gen. 31:41), marrying Laban's two daughters and two maidservants. He returned to Canaan with his large family, servants, and possessions. As he did, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deborah_(Genesis)" title="Deborah (Genesis)">Deborah</a> (Rebecca's nurse) died and was buried at a place that Jacob calls <i>Alon Bachuth</i> (אלון בכות), "Tree of Weepings" (Gen. 35:8). According to the Midrash,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a></sup> the plural form of the word "weeping" indicates a double sorrow, implying that Rebecca also died at this time.
</p><p>Rebecca was buried in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Cave of Machpelah</a> near Mamre, in the land of Canaan (Gen 49:31).
</p><p>According to the Talmud, the Torah's explicit dating of the life of Ishmael helps to date various events in Jacob's life and, by implication, the age of Rebecca at her death. Ishmael was born when Abraham was 86 years old (Gen. 16:16) and died at the age of 137 (Gen. 25:17). Isaac was born when Abraham was 100 (Gen. 21:5); at that time Ishmael was 14. Jacob and Esau were born when Isaac was 60 (Gen. 25:26); at that time Ishmael was 74. Right after Jacob receives the blessings and flees to Laban, the Torah states that Esau married "Mahalat, the daughter of Ishmael, son of Abraham, <i>sister of Nebaiot</i>" (Gen. 28:9), on which Rashi, quoting <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Megillah_(Talmud)" title="Megillah (Talmud)">Megillah</a> 17a, notes that Ishmael died between the engagement and wedding, so the girl's brother gave her away. If Ishmael was 137 at the time of his death, this means that Jacob and Esau were 63 at the time of the blessings. The Talmud adds that Jacob spent 14 years in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshiva</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a> before proceeding to Laban, arriving when he was 77. Rebecca's death after Jacob's 20 years with Laban indicates that Jacob was 97 when his mother died and Rebecca was either 120 or 134 (based on different Midrashim mentioned earlier about her age at marriage).
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rebecca&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rebecca&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also spelled <b>Rebekah</b>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span style="white-space:nowrap;" lang="he" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1020748213">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 115%;" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1020748213"/><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 115%;" dir="rtl">רִבְקָה</span>‎</span>‎</span>, <small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern</a>:</small> <i><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Rīvqa</i></span></i>, <small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiberian_vocalization" title="Tiberian vocalization">Tiberian</a>:</small> <i><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Rīḇqā</i></span></i> <small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISO_259-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 259-3">ISO 259-3</a></small> <span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">Ribqah</i></span>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ῥεβέκκα</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Rhebékka</i></span>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Syriac</a>: <span title="Classical Syriac-language text"><span lang="syc" dir="rtl">ܪܲܦܩܵܐ</span></span>, <span title="Classical Syriac-language text"><i lang="syc-Latn">Rapqa</i></span>) from the Hebrew <span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">ribhqeh</i></span> (lit., 'connection'), from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Semitic_root" title="Semitic root">Semitic root</a> <span title="Semitic languages collective text"><i lang="sem-Latn">r-b-q</i></span>, 'to tie, couple or join',<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> 'to secure', or 'to snare')<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rebecca&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1011085734"/><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=rebecca&searchmode=none">"Rebecca"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Rebecca&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fsearch%3Drebecca%26searchmode%3Dnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebecca" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Rebekah.html">"Meaning and etymology of the name Rebecca (Rebekah)"</a>. Abarim Publications<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meaning+and+etymology+of+the+name+Rebecca+%28Rebekah%29&rft.pub=Abarim+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abarim-publications.com%2FMeaning%2FRebekah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebecca" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFHamori2015" class="citation book cs1">Hamori, Esther J. (2015). <i>Women's Divination in Biblical Literature: Prophecy, Necromancy, and Other Arts of Knowledge</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17891-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17891-3"><bdi>978-0-300-17891-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Divination+in+Biblical+Literature%3A+Prophecy%2C+Necromancy%2C+and+Other+Arts+of+Knowledge&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-300-17891-3&rft.aulast=Hamori&rft.aufirst=Esther+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebecca" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFTuchmanRapoport2004" class="citation book cs1">Tuchman, Shera Aranoff; Rapoport, Sandra E. (2004). <i>The Passions of the Matriarchs</i>. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88125-847-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88125-847-9"><bdi>978-0-88125-847-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Passions+of+the+Matriarchs&rft.pub=KTAV+Publishing+House%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-88125-847-9&rft.aulast=Tuchman&rft.aufirst=Shera+Aranoff&rft.au=Rapoport%2C+Sandra+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebecca" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/special/israel/points_of_interest_cdo/aid/588225/jewish/Cave-of-the-Patriarchs.htm">"Cave of the Patriarchs"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chabad.org" title="Chabad.org">Chabad.org</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chabad.org&rft.atitle=Cave+of+the+Patriarchs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Fspecial%2Fisrael%2Fpoints_of_interest_cdo%2Faid%2F588225%2Fjewish%2FCave-of-the-Patriarchs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebecca" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nosson_Scherman" title="Nosson Scherman">Scherman, Rabbi Nosson</a> (1993). <i>The Chumash</i>. Brooklyn, New York: Mesorah Publications, pp. 109–21.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berakhot_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berakhot (Talmud)">Berachot</a> 26b.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040212080331/http://home.nyc.rr.com/tonymorris/Ceremony/Ceremony.html">"Jewish Wedding Ceremony Explained"</a>. nyc.rr.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.nyc.rr.com/tonymorris/Ceremony/Ceremony.html">the original</a> on 12 February 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+Wedding+Ceremony+Explained&rft.pub=nyc.rr.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.nyc.rr.com%2Ftonymorris%2FCeremony%2FCeremony.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebecca" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 25:20.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/246618/jewish/Jacob-and-Esau.htm">"Jacob and Esau"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chabad.org" title="Chabad.org">Chabad.org</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chabad.org&rft.atitle=Jacob+and+Esau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F246618%2Fjewish%2FJacob-and-Esau.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebecca" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis Rabbah 63:6.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRosenzweig1997" class="citation web cs1">Rosenzweig, Rabbi Yosil (29 November 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518044704/http://www.ujcvp.org/adath_jeshurun/vortify/toldot.html">"Vortify Yourself: Parshat Toldot"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=United_Jewish_Community_of_the_Virginia_Peninsula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Jewish Community of the Virginia Peninsula (page does not exist)">United Jewish Community of the Virginia Peninsula</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ujcvp.org/adath_jeshurun/vortify/toldot.html">the original</a> on 18 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vortify+Yourself%3A+Parshat+Toldot&rft.pub=United+Jewish+Community+of+the+Virginia+Peninsula&rft.date=1997-11-29&rft.aulast=Rosenzweig&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+Yosil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ujcvp.org%2Fadath_jeshurun%2Fvortify%2Ftoldot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebecca" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rashi on Genesis 25:23.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Strong%27s_Concordance" title="Strong's Concordance">Strong's Concordance</a> 6215, 6213.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rashi on Genesis 50:50.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Strong%27s_Concordance" title="Strong's Concordance">Strong's Concordance</a> 3290, 6117.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 25:26.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis Rabbah 63:10.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 25:27.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis Rabbah 63:15.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 25:28.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bava_Batra" title="Bava Batra">Bava Batra</a> 16b.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is understood from the plain meaning of the verses. Abraham was one hundred years when Isaac was born (Genesis 46:5). Isaac was sixty years old when the twins were born (Genesis 25:26). Abraham died at the age of 175 (Genesis 25:7), making Jacob and Esau fifteen years old at the time of Abraham's death.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis Rabbah 64:5.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rashi on Genesis 52:1, citing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tanhuma" title="Tanhuma">Tanhuma</a> 8.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Scherman-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scherman_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scherman_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scherman, Rabbi Nosson (1993). <i>The Chumash</i>. Brooklyn, New York: Mesorah Publications, p. 135.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pirkei d'Rav Kahana</i>, quoted in Scherman, p. 139.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis Rabbah 81:5.</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rebecca&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211142023/http://emt.bu.edu/~rdaroff/details.php?recordID=33">Nicholas Poussin's "Rebecca at the Well"</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kenan" title="Kenan">Kenan</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Noah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Noah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patriarchs_(Bible)" title="Patriarchs (Bible)">Patriarchs</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)#Matriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Levi" title="Levi">Levi</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a></i></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rebecca</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Israelite prophets<br />in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moses_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Moses in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miriam" title="Miriam">Miriam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eldad_and_Medad" title="Eldad and Medad">Eldad and Medad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mentioned in the<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nevi%27im#Former_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Former Prophets</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deborah" title="Deborah">Deborah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samson" title="Samson">Samson</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elkanah" title="Elkanah">Elkanah</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hannah_(biblical_figure)" title="Hannah (biblical figure)">Hannah</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abigail" title="Abigail">Abigail</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gad_(prophet)" title="Gad (prophet)">Gad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeduthun" title="Jeduthun">Jeduthun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ahijah_the_Shilonite" title="Ahijah the Shilonite">Ahijah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shemaiah_(prophet)" title="Shemaiah (prophet)">Shemaiah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iddo_(prophet)" title="Iddo (prophet)">Iddo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hanani" title="Hanani">Hanani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jehu_(prophet)" title="Jehu (prophet)">Jehu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Micaiah" title="Micaiah">Micaiah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jahaziel" title="Jahaziel">Jahaziel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eliezer#Eliezer_the_prophet" title="Eliezer">Eliezer ben Dodavah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zechariah_ben_Jehoiada" title="Zechariah ben Jehoiada">Zechariah ben Jehoiada</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huldah" title="Huldah">Huldah</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isaiah_in_rabbinic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Daniel in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Jonah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beor_(biblical_figure)" title="Beor (biblical figure)">Beor</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Job_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Job in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amoz" title="Amoz">Amoz</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beeri" title="Beeri">Beeri</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agur" title="Agur">Agur</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uriah_(prophet)" title="Uriah (prophet)">Uriah</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buzi" title="Buzi">Buzi</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mordecai" title="Mordecai">Mordecai</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Esther" title="Esther">Esther</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Esther_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Esther in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nehemiah" title="Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ruth_(biblical_figure)" title="Ruth (biblical figure)">Ruth</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oded_(prophet)" title="Oded (prophet)">Oded</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Azariah_(prophet)" title="Azariah (prophet)">Azariah</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate persons whose status as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophets</a> is not universally accepted.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_honored_women" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Honoured_women_in_Islam" title="Template:Honoured women in Islam"><abbr title="View this template" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Honoured_women_in_Islam" title="Template talk:Honoured women in Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Honoured_women_in_Islam&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_honored_women" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Islamic honored women</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Generations of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eve#Islam" title="Eve">Hawwa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Generations of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrāhīm</a> and his sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sarah#In_Islam" title="Sarah">Sarah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hagar_in_Islam" title="Hagar in Islam">Hājar</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rafqā</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rachel#In_Islam" title="Rachel">Rāḥīl</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Generation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Mūsa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asiya" title="Asiya">Asiya</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jochebed#Islamic_view" title="Jochebed">Yukabad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miriam#Quranic_account" title="Miriam">Maryam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Ṣaffūrah</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Reign of Kings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bathsheba#Islam" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Islamic" title="Queen of Sheba">Bilquis, the Queen of Sheba</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">House of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">Imran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Anne#In_Islam" title="Saint Anne">Hannah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Mariam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)#Islam" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Alyassabat</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Time of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aminah" title="Aminah">Aminah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halimah_bint_Abi_Dhuayb" title="Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb">Halimah al-Sa'diyah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muhammad%27s_wives" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad's wives">Mothers of the Believers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khadija_bint_Khuwaylid" title="Khadija bint Khuwaylid">Khadija</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zaynab_bint_Ali" title="Zaynab bint Ali">Zaynab bint Ali</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40520#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40520#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40520#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" class="noprint" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12146951309115370849">1</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-12146951309115370849/">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118836870">Germany</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20181003233&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1666312747' |