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'{{Short description|Japanese doll}} {{More citations needed|date=August 2015}} {{Italic title}} [[Image:teruterubouzu.jpg|thumb|right|''Teru teru bōzu'' dolls]] A {{Nihongo||てるてる坊主 {{lang|en|or}} 照る照る坊主|'''''teru teru bōzu'''''|literally "shine shine monk"|lead=yes}} is a small traditional handmade doll made of white paper or cloth that [[Japan]]ese farmers began hanging outside of their window by a string. This [[talisman]] is supposed to have magical powers to bring good weather and to stop or prevent a [[rain]]y day. ''Teru'' is a Japanese verb which describes sunshine, and a ''bōzu'' is a [[Buddhist monk]] (compare the word [[wikt:bonze|bonze]]), or in modern slang, "bald-headed"; ''bōzu'' is also used as a term of endearment for addressing little boys.<ref>''O-Lex Japanese–English Dictionary'', Obunsha, 2008. pp. 1681—2.</ref> ''Teru teru bōzu'' became popular during the [[Edo period]] among urban dwellers, whose children would make them the day before the good weather was desired and chant, "Fine-weather priest, please let the weather be good tomorrow."<ref name="jstor">{{cite journal | title=Weather Watching and Emperorship | author=Miyata, Noboru | journal=Current Anthropology |date=August 1987 | volume=28 | issue=4 | pages=S13–S18 | doi=10.1086/203572 | jstor=2743422 | issn=0011-3204| doi-access=free }}</ref> Traditionally, if the weather does turn out well, a [[libation]] of holy [[sake]] is poured over them, and they are washed away in the river.<ref>''[[Daijirin]]''</ref><ref>''[[Kōjien]]''</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=August 2015}} Today, children{{who|date=April 2020}} make ''teru teru bōzu'' out of [[tissue paper]] or [[cotton]] and string and hang them from a window when they wish for sunny weather, often before a school picnic day. Hanging it upside-down acts as a [[prayer]] for rain. They are a very common [[superstition]] in Japan. There is a famous ''[[warabe uta]]'' associated with ''teru teru bōzu'', written by Kyoson Asahara and composed by [[Shinpei Nakayama]], that was released in 1921. === History === ==Possible Origins== There are multiple plausible origin theories for the Teru Teru Bõzu that hold true to historical practices, yet none have been proven to be the true origin. The most common story of origin and the one that is known by most Japanese people is the story of the ‘weather monk’. Long ago there supposedly was a village that was constantly drowned in rain which ruined their crops. One day, a monk promised the villagers that he could clear the skies and bring good weather for more fruitful farming. But when the rains continued after the monk made his promise, the villagers decapitated him out of spite for his lies. This story certainly seems plausible and hints at cultural practices from much earlier in prehistoric Japanese history. Some of the oldest Japanese historical records of the era of the earliest Japanese emperors and archaeological digs in places like [[Asuka, Nara]] as well as other places, show evidence of human and animal sacrificial practices pertaining to the weather. The ancient practice of sacrificing humans and animals like horses or cows to river gods and sacrificing virgin women and fortune-bearers to placate sea gods in times of rough boating conditions. Another theory of origin finds its roots in Shintoism in its connection with Hiyoribo, a [[Yōkai]] that appears in mountainous areas during summer days filled with sun. Using [[Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki]] (100 Demons of Past and Present), a Hiyoribo appears standing in the form of a bald monk amongst the ascending Hitachi mountains (see image below). Many Japanese regions in around the middle of the [[Shōwa era]] referred to the Teru Teru Bõzu as ‘Hiyori Bõzu’, showing that the two are somehow connected, though sources vary on what the connection is. Whichever theory is the true origin, the tradition of weather-watchers and the Hiyorimi culture (rituals of weather-watching) is traced back with certainty by scholars to the [[Heian period]] (749-1185), and continued through the [[Edo period]] (1603-1867).<ref>Ozaki, Orijo. “てるてる坊主・照々法師・日和坊主.” 日本玩具博物館, https://japan--toy--museum-org.translate.goog/archives/167?_x_tr_sl=ja&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en&amp;_x_tr_pto=sc. </ref> <ref>Kawagoe, Aileen. “Tracking down the Origins of the Teru Teru Bozu (てるてる坊主) Sunshine Doll Tradition.” JAPANESE MYTHOLOGY &amp; FOLKLORE, 26 Apr. 2013, https://japanesemythology.wordpress.com/tracking-down-the-origins-of-the-teru-teru-bozu-%E3%81%A6%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A6%E3%82%8B%E5%9D%8A%E4%B8%BB-sunshine-doll-tradition/. </ref> ==Edō Period== ''[[Teru teru bōzu]]'' appears to have been hanging in ''[[Japan]]'' by the middle of the ''[[Edo era]]''. In ''[["Kiyushoran"]]'' (an encyclopaedia book about cultures), it is stated that after facial pieces were done, Teru Teru Bozu is tossed into a river with a bottle of sacred ''[[sake]]''. Additionally, there is a description that reads, "Despite heavy rain, I attended a shrine to pray for sunlight tomorrow" in the third volume of "Kagero Diary," a renowned work of Japanese literature that is diary writing. I had assumed that nobody would go there on such a day, but I was informed by an unidentified person that "If you make a girl doll and dress it in hand-made clothes, the weather will become fine tomorrow. Although I could not believe it, I decided to try it and sewed silk clothes. However, I could not understand why this doll works miracles. God only knows whether tomorrow is fine or not. Indeed the doll's white face and clothes remind me of god, but I cannot still believe the miraculous power in the doll." Some scholars believe that this description has a relationship with 掃晴娘. == Pop Culture == Within [[Japanese popular culture|Japanese pop culture]] the teru teru bōzu is an iconic reoccurring figure of [[Japanese folklore]] which is often times portrayed in multiple forms of Japanese media. The teru teru bōzu has appeared in numerous [[anime]] such as the 2019 [[Makoto Shinkai]] film “[[Weathering with You]]<ref>https://twitter.com/gkidsfilms/status/1299429041670324231?lang=bg</ref>” and the “[[Love Live! School Idol Project|Love Live]]<ref>https://twitter.com/skaharumi/status/1177415529801236481</ref>”, franchise. Teru teru bōzu has also appeared in global hit [[Video game|videogames]] such as [[Ghostwire: Tokyo]]<ref>https://twitter.com/playghostwire/status/1528737521508696065</ref> as one of the many [[Yōkai|yokai]] enemies that the player must defeat. [[Image:EggxQFnVoAAYpek.jpg|thumb|right|''Teru teru bōzu'' in “Weathering with You]] == Nursery Rhyme == While arguably disturbing in content, the [[nursery rhyme]] “teru teru bouzu” is often sung and performed by Japanese school children. {| class="wikitable" |+ Teru Teru Bouzu Lyrics |- ! Japanese Lyrics !! Romaji !! English Lyrics |- | てるてるぼうず、てるぼうず || Teru-teru-bōzu, teru bōzu || Teru-teru-bozu, teru bozu |- | 明日天気にしておくれ || Ashita tenki ni shite o-kure || Make tomorrow a sunny day |- | いつかの夢の空のように || Itsuka no yume no sora no yō ni || Like the sky in a dream sometimes |- | 晴れたら金の鈴あげよ || Haretara kin no suzu ageyo || If it’s sunny I’ll give you a golden bell |- | てるてるぼうず、てるぼうず || Teru-teru-bōzu, teru bōzu || Teru-teru-bozu, teru bozu |- | 明日天気にしておくれ || Ashita tenki ni shite o-kure || Make tomorrow a sunny day |- | 私の願いを聞いたなら || Watashi no negai wo kiita nara || If you make my wish come true |- | 甘いお酒をたんと飲ましょ || Amai o-sake wo tanto nomasho || We’ll drink lots of sweet sake |- | てるてるぼうず、てるぼうず || Teru-teru-bōzu, teru bōzu || Teru-teru-bōzu, teru bōzu |- | 明日天気にしておくれ || Ashita tenki ni shite o-kure || Make tomorrow a sunny day |- | それでも曇って泣いてたら || Sorete mo kumotte naitetara || But if the clouds are crying |- | そなたの首をちょんと切るぞ || Sonata no kubi wo chon to kiru zo || Then I’ll sever your head off |- | Example || Example || Example |- | Example || Example || Example |} == Making teru teru bōzu == A ''[[teru teru bōzu]]'' is very easy to make. Prepare two square pieces of cloth or ''[[tissue paper]]'' that are both the same size, then secure them together with a ''[[rubber band]]''. Wrap the other piece of cloth around the ball-shaped head made from one of the cloth pieces and twist it to form the doll's head. Finally, secure the head in place using the rubber band. [[File:E381a6e3828be381a6e3828be59d8ae4b8bb.jpg.webp|thumb|Teru teru bōzu]] == See also == {{Portal|Japan}} *[[Ikeda, Nagano]] – a town located in [[Nagano Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. Mascot of this town is designed in the motif of Teru teru bōzu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yurugp.jp/jp/vote/detail.php?id=00000481|title=ゆるキャラグランプリ2020「てるみん・ふ～みん」|accessdate=2020-09-25|publisher=ゆるキャラグランプリ2020}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commons category-inline|Teru teru bōzu}} * [https://japanesemythology.wordpress.com/tracking-down-the-origins-of-the-teru-teru-bozu-%E3%81%A6%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A6%E3%82%8B%E5%9D%8A%E4%B8%BB-sunshine-doll-tradition/ Tracking down the origins of the teru teru bozu (てるてる坊主) sunshine doll tradition] * [http://hyakumonogatari.com/2011/12/22/what-are-teruteru-bozu/ What are Teruteru Bōzu?] * [https://japan--toy--museum-org.translate.goog/archives/167?_x_tr_sl=ja&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc/ Japan Toy Museum] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sp4uLdWBUoE/ Making of Teru teru bōzu] {{DEFAULTSORT:Teru teru bozu}} [[Category:Japanese folklore]] [[Category:Japanese dolls]] [[Category:Amulets]] [[Category:Talismans]] [[Category:Shinto]] [[Category:Buddhist religious objects]] [[Category:Religious objects]] [[Category:Shinto religious objects]] [[Category:Superstitions of Japan]] [[Category:Eastern esotericism]] [[Category:Japanese words and phrases]]'