Examine individual changes

'{{Short description|Highland Scottish clan}}{{EngvarB|date=May 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}} {{Infobox clan |image badge =Clan member crest badge - Clan Grant.svg |clan name =Clan Grant (Clann Grannd) |chiefs crest = An image of a burning hill. (The burning hill represents "[[Craigellachie National Nature Reserve|Craig Elachie]]", the rallying point for the Grants. When signal fires were lit upon the summit of Craig Elachie, or "The Rock of Alarm", members of the clan would gather there in order to organise for an attack or defence.) |chiefs motto =Stand Fast, Stand Sure<ref name="ScotClans">[http://www.scotclans.com/scottish-clans/clan-grant/ Clan Grant Profile] scotclans.com. Retrieved 2 May 2014.</ref> |chiefs slogan ="Stand Fast Craig Elachie!" |district =[[Strathspey, Scotland|Strathspey]],<ref name="ScotClans"/> [[Glen Urquhart]],<ref name="ScotClans"/> [[Glenmoriston]]<ref name="ScotClans"/> and [[Loch Ness]].<ref name="ScotClans"/> |gaelic names =Clann Chiarain, Clann Ailein, Clann Phàdraig, Clann Phàdraig, Sliochd an Amair<ref name="m1">{{cite web |author=Mac an Tàilleir, Iain |title=Ainmean Pearsanta|url=http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/cuspair/Ainmean_pearsanta.docx |work=[[Sabhal Mòr Ostaig]] |access-date=15 October 2009 |format=[[docx]]}}</ref> |image arms = Arms of the Baron Strathspey.svg |plant badge =Pine<ref name="ScotClans"/> |animal = |pipe music =Stand fast Craigellachie<ref name="ScotClans"/> |chiefs name =The Rt. Hon. Sir James Grant of that Ilk |chiefs title =The 6th [[Baron Strathspey|Lord Strathspey]] |chiefs gaelic title= |seat = |historic seat =[[Castle Grant]]<ref name="Coventry"/> |septs = [[Clan Muir|More of Drumcork]], Allans of Rhynagairn, The Siol Lewis |branches =Grant of Grant (chiefs)<ref name="GLENMORISTON">[http://www.fionamsinclair.co.uk/genealogy/HighlandClans/GrantG.htm CLAN GRANT OF GLENMORISTON] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912011923/http://www.fionamsinclair.co.uk/genealogy/highlandclans/GrantG.htm |date=12 September 2015 }} fionamsinclair.co.uk. Retrieved 2 May 2015.</ref><br>Grant of Glenmoriston (senior cadets)<ref name="GLENMORISTON"/><br>Grant of Ballindalloch<ref name="GLENMORISTON"/><br>Grant of Rothiemurchus<ref name="GLENMORISTON"/><br>Grant of Carron<ref name="GLENMORISTON"/><br>Grant of Culcabuck<ref name="GLENMORISTON"/><br>See also:<br>[[Grant baronets]]<br>[[Macpherson-Grant baronets]] |Allied clans = [[Clan Gordon]]<br>[[Clan Gregor]]<br>[[Clan Fraser of Lovat]]<br>[[Clan Campbell]] |Rival clans = [[Clan Cameron]]<br>[[Clan Chisholm]]<br>[[Clan Comyn]] }} '''Clan Grant''' is a [[Scottish Highlands|Highland]] [[Scottish clan]]. ==History== ===Origins=== One theory is that the ancestors of the chiefs of Clan Grant came to Scotland with the [[Normans]] to England where the name is found soon after the conquest of that country,<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Grant">{{cite book |last1=Way |first1=George of Plean |last2=Squire |first2=Romilly of Rubislaw |author-link2=Romilly Squire of Rubislaw |author-link1=George Way of Plean |year=1994 |title=Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia |location=[[Glasgow]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] (for the [[Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs]]) |isbn=0-00-470547-5 |pages=150–151}}</ref> although some historians have asserted that the Grants were part of the [[Siol Alpin]] group of families who descend from [[Alpín mac Echdach|Alpin]], father of [[Kenneth MacAlpin]], first king of Scots.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Grant"/> The oral history of the clan and later recorded in writing for the clan chiefs instead recounts an origin from Norway before coming to the lands in Strathspey with Malcolm III <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Monymusk Text|url=https://www.clangrant.org/index.aspx?pid=14|access-date=2021-11-23|website=www.clangrant.org}}</ref> The first Grants to appear in Scotland are recorded in the 13th century when they acquired the lands of Stratherrick.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Grant"/> One of the family, possibly a [[Gregory Grant]], married Mary, daughter of Sir John Bisset, and from this marriage came at least two sons.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Grant"/> One of these sons was Sir Laurence le Grand who became Sheriff of [[Inverness]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Grant"/> He married the daughter of Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Marjorie Comyn, Countess of Dunbar's Family Tree|url=https://www.geni.com/family-tree/index/6000000025375684572|access-date=2021-05-09|website=www.geni.com}}</ref> She was descended from [[Donald III of Scotland|Donald III, King of Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bethóc ingen Domnaill's Family Tree|url=https://www.geni.com/family-tree/index/6000000003645825784|access-date=2021-05-09|website=www.geni.com}}</ref> ===Wars of Scottish Independence=== During the [[Wars of Scottish Independence]] Clan Grant were supporters of [[William Wallace]] and John and Randolph Grant were captured at the [[Battle of Dunbar (1296)]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Grant"/> The Clan Grant later supported [[Robert the Bruce]] in competition for the Scottish Crown.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Grant"/> The victory of Robert the Bruce confirmed the Grants in their lands of Strathspey, where they became established Highland chiefs.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Grant"/> The taking of [[Castle Grant]], 14th century; Originally a [[Clan Cumming|Comyn Clan]] stronghold, Clan traditions tell us that the castle was taken from the Comyns by a combined force of the Grants and MacGregors. ===15th and 16th centuries=== The next available reference is of Duncan le Grant in 1434, and later, Sir Duncan Grant of Freuchie (Castle Grant), who inherited land in Dulnain valley in upper Speyside from his mother, Matilda of Glencarnie. Her family had partially owned it since 1180, when [[Richard I of England]] {{citation needed|date=September 2012}} gave Kinveachy (approximately ten miles southwest of Castle Grant) to [[Gille Brigte, Earl of Strathearn]]. By the 16th century the clan and its chief had become powerful enough to play a part in national politics.<ref name="Grant3"/> Their main allies being the [[Clan Gordon]], whose chief was the powerful [[Earl of Huntly]].<ref name="Grant3">{{cite book |last=Grant |first=Calum |year=1997 |title=The Grants |publisher=Lang Syne Publishers Ltd |page=15 |isbn=1-85217-048-4}}</ref> In 1535 James Grant, 3rd Laird of Freuchie was made responsible for the policing of [[Strathspey, Scotland|Strathspey]].<ref name="Grant2">{{cite book |last=Grant |first=Calum |year=1997 |title=The Grants |publisher=Lang Syne Publishers Ltd |page=13 |isbn=1-85217-048-4}}</ref> In 1580 a Robert Grant defeated an English champion at a jousting tournament while on an embassy in the south.<ref name="Grant2"/> Towards the end of the 16th century the Grants began to quarrel with their old allies the Gordons, over religion.<ref name="Grant4"/> The Grants being Protestant and the Gordons being Catholic.<ref name="Grant4">{{cite book |last=Grant |first=Calum |year=1997 |title=The Grants |publisher=Lang Syne Publishers Ltd |pages=15–17 |isbn=1-85217-048-4}}</ref> In 1586 the Earl of Huntly allied with the Clan MacDonald and [[Clan Cameron]] who both had a history of raiding the Grant's lands.<ref name="Grant4"/> The Grants responded by bringing in the [[Clan Gregor]] but they came off worse in a clash at Ballindalloch.<ref name="Grant4"/> By the late 16th century, Clan Grant became an important clan in the [[Scottish Highlands]]. During this period, the clan's actions resulted in the murder of the [[James Stewart, 2nd Earl of Moray|Earl of Moray]] and the defeat of the [[Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll|Earl of Argyll]] at the [[Battle of Glenlivet]] in 1594. The Chief of Clan Grant ordered his men to retreat as soon as the action began. This treacherous move led to the defeat of [[Clan Campbell]] of Argyll. ===17th century and Civil War=== In 1613 King [[James VI of Scotland]] wrote to [[John Grant of Freuchie (d. 1622)|John Grant of Freuchie]] chief of Clan Grant complaining that he was sheltering outlaws from the Clan MacGregor.<ref name="Grant5"/> The chief responded by sending the notorious Alistair MacAllister MacGregor to [[Edinburgh]].<ref name="Grant5"/> However, the King was not satisfied and in 1615 fined Grant 16,000 merks for protecting the MacGregors.<ref name="Grant5">{{cite book |last=Grant |first=Calum |year=1997 |title=The Grants |publisher=Lang Syne Publishers Ltd |pages=18–19 |isbn=1-85217-048-4}}</ref> During the 1639–1651 [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]], Captain David Grant led his forces in support of the Covenanter forces against the Royalist forces at the [[Battle of Tippermuir]] in 1644. In October 1645, [[Clan Cameron]] raided the lands of the Clan Grant.<ref name="Braes">[http://www.clan-cameron.org/battles/1645_b.html Battle of the Braes of Strathdearn] clan-cameron.org. Retrieved 17, March 2013.</ref> The Grants gave chase catching the Camerons in the [[Battle of the Braes of Strathdearn]], where the Cameron men were defeated and many clansmen were slain.<ref name="Braes"/> In 1651, Sir James Grant of Grant, 16th Chief, led the clan to fight for [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] and the [[Cavalier|Royalists]] at the [[Battle of Worcester]] in 1651. Also, an alliance between Sir James Grant and the [[Marquess of Huntly|Earl of Huntly]] led to the annihilation of the [[Clan Farquharson]]. Like many others, the Grants participated on both sides after the deposition of [[James II of England|James II & VII]] in November 1688 by [[William III of England|William of Orange]]. The Grants of Glenmoriston fought with the Jacobites at the [[Battle of Killiecrankie]] in July 1689,<ref name="Grant6">{{cite book |last=Grant |first=Calum |year=1997 |title=The Grants |publisher=Lang Syne Publishers Ltd |page=24 |isbn=1-85217-048-4}}</ref> while others were part of the Williamite force under [[Sir Thomas Livingstone, Viscount Teviot|Sir Thomas Livingstone]], that defeated the Jacobites at the [[Battle of Cromdale]] in May 1690.<ref name="Grant6"/> ===18th century and Jacobite uprisings=== ====1715 – 1716 rising==== During the Jacobite rising of 1715 the main part of the Clan Grant supported the British Government. In 1715 the Laird of Grant withdrew his forces which led to the defeat of government forces at the [[Skirmish of Alness]]. However soon after the Clan Grant helped retake Inverness from the Jacobites during [[Siege of Inverness (1715)]].<ref name="Grant7">{{cite book |last=Grant |first=Calum |year=1997 |title=The Grants |publisher=Lang Syne Publishers Ltd |pages=28–30 |isbn=1-85217-048-4}}</ref> In 1715 the fighting force of the Clan Grant was given as 850 men by General [[George Wade]].<ref name="GrantTartan"/> At the [[Battle of Sheriffmuir]] in 1715, Grants fought on both sides. The British government forces won the battle with many of the Jacobites surrendering to General Grant. ====Black Watch==== [[General Wade]]'s report on the Highlands in 1724, estimated the clan strength at 800 men.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnston |first1=Thomas Brumby |author-link1=Thomas Brumby Johnston |last2=Robertson |first2=James Alexander |last3=Dickson |first3=William Kirk |author-link3=William Kirk Dickson |year=1899 |chapter=General Wade's Report |title=Historical Geography of the Clans of Scotland |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/historicalgeogra00john/page/26/mode/2up |location=[[Edinburgh]] and [[London]] |publisher=[[W. & A.K. Johnston]] |page=26 |access-date=February 16, 2020}}</ref> In 1725, six [[Independent Highland Companies]] (Black Watch) were formed to support the Government. One from Clan Grant, one from [[Clan Fraser of Lovat]], one from [[Clan Munro]] and three from [[Clan Campbell]]. In 1739, ten Independent Highland Companies were formed into the [[42nd Regiment of Foot|43rd Highlanders]] (Black Watch) regiment.<ref>{{cite book |last=Simpson |first=Peter |year=1996 |title=The Independent Highland Companies, 1603 – 1760 |publisher=[[John Donald Publishers]] |page=117 |isbn=0-85976-432-X}}</ref> ====1745 – 1746 rising==== During the Jacobite rising of 1745 the chief of Clan Grant again supported the British Government. However once again he withdrew his troops which again led to the defeat of government forces, this time at the [[Battle of Inverurie (1745)]]. One branch of the Clan Grant, the Grants of Glenmoriston, sided with the Jacobites and fought at the [[Battle of Prestonpans]] in 1745 and are credited with winning the day due to their timely reinforcement. The Grants of Glenmoriston branch also fought as Jacobites at the [[Battle of Culloden]] in 1746. Eighty-four Grants of Glenmoriston were captured at Culloden and were transported to [[Barbados]], in violation of their terms of surrender, where they were sold as slaves.<ref name="GrantTartan">{{cite book |chapter=The Clan of Grant |title=The Scottish Clans and Their Tartans |url=https://archive.org/details/scottishclansand00edin |year=1886 |edition=Library |location=Edinburgh and London |publisher=[[W. & A.K. Johnston & G.W. Bacon Ltd.]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/scottishclansand00edin/page/64/mode/2up 27] |access-date=February 10, 2021}}</ref> At the [[Siege of Inverness (1746)]] the commander of the British-Hanoverian Government forces was Major George Grant, whilst amongst the Jacobite commanders was Colonel James Grant.<ref name="Duffy">{{cite book |last=Duffy |first=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Duffy |year=2007 |title=The '45, Bonnie Prince Charlie and Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising |location=[[St Martin's Lane|Upper St Martin's Lane]] |publisher=[[Phoenix Books]] |page=447 |isbn=978-0-7538-2262-3}}</ref> ===Highland clearances=== Clan Grant was one of the few clans not to be affected by the [[Highland Clearances]]. The [[Sir James Grant, 8th Baronet|"Good Sir James" Grant]] (Clan Chief from 1773 to 1811) built the town of [[Grantown-on-Spey]] for the express purpose of providing for his clansmen to keep them from having to emigrate. While other Highlanders were emigrating in the face of the changes that were sweeping away the old Highland way of life, Sir James Grant was busy building an entire town, building schools, mills, factories, a hospital, an orphanage, etc. to provide for his Clan. Grantown-on-Spey is a monument to Sir James's loyalty to his clansmen. ===British Army Regiments=== During the later part of the 18th century two regiments were raised from the Clan Grant. Firstly the "Grant or Strathspey Fencibles" in 1793 and the "97th" or "Strathspey Regiment" in 1794. The first was disbanded in 1799 and the second, was used as marines on board Lord Howe's fleet and later drafted into other regiments in 1795.<ref name="GrantTartan"/> ===President Grant=== On his [[World tour of Ulysses S. Grant|world tour]] in 1877, [[Ulysses S. Grant]] came to Scotland and he was accepted as a returning member of Clan Grant. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-44399859 |title=Stars and gripes: When US President Ulysses S Grant came to Scotland |first=Andrew |last=Thomson |work=BBC News |date=10 June 2018 |access-date=10 June 2018}}</ref> However, there is no evidence his Grant ancestors were Scottish. ===21st century=== [[File:Clan Grant.jpg|thumb|Clan Grant tartan.]] [[Duthil Old Parish Church and Churchyard]], which lies just outside the village of [[Duthil]], Inverness-shire, now serves as a ''Clan Grant Centre''. The site includes many memorials to clan members, such as [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] Sir [[Patrick Grant (Indian Army officer)|Patrick Grant]], {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCB|GCMG}} (1804–1895), as well as a mausoleum of the [[Earl of Seafield|Earls of Seafield]]. During a visit to [[Winnipeg]], Canada in July 2012, the chief of Clan Grant declared that [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]] leader [[Cuthbert Grant]] was a member of the clan. This created a new sept of Clan Grant in Canada.<ref>[http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/scottish-clan-chiefs-visit-unites-grant-descendants-162502666.html "Scottish clan chief's visit unites Grant descendants] ''Winnipeg Free Press'', 15 July 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2012.</ref> Visitors came from as far away as Scotland as well as from Yukon, Montana and Manitoba where Grant descendants settled to take part in events arranged for Lord Strathspey's time in Canada. Anita Grant Steele arrived with other descendants of William Grant of Trois-Rivières, Quebec, who was one of the originators of the North West Company and the senior partner of Grant, Campion and Company. Steele organised a reunion tea with Lord Strathspey at Winnipeg's Fort Garry Hotel and was named the first steward of the branch now known as the MacRobbie Grants of Trois-Rivières. The reunion included Donald L Grant, Emerald Grant and Roy Grant, who were responsible for the Y-DNA test results that positively determined the MacRobbie Grants of Trois-Rivières are a senior line from the same genetic line as the chiefs of Grant. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305064958/http://www.canadashistory.ca/GrantReunion GrantReunion] In 2020, Y-DNA sequencing has established that the [https://www.familytreedna.com/public/GRANT?iframe=yresults Y-DNA] of two descendants of 1783 John Grant of Long Island, New York, (kit #21840 kit #8258 Haplogroup R-FT225499 matches that of James Grant, Lord Strathspey, the current Chief of Clan Grant. Kit# 82582 is that of (Jason Christopher Grant) of [[Bathurst, New Brunswick|Bathurst New Brunswick Canada]]. These Y-DNA sequences are set forth at [https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/grant/about/background the Grant DNA Project] The two kits represent the Chiefly line of the Grants of [https://www.clangrant-us.org/?q=page/castles-and-manor-houses-clan-grant Tullochgorum], the ancient branch of the Clan Grant known as the [https://www.clangrant-us.org/?q=page/names-associated-clan-grant Clann Phàdraig] in which its historical seat was near [[Grantown-on-Spey|Grantown on Spey]]. ==Castles== [[File:Castle Grant - geograph.org.uk - 576144.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Castle Grant]], former seat of the chief of Clan Grant]] [[File:Loch an Eilean Castle - geograph.org.uk - 693157.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Loch an Eilein]] Castle]] [[File:Duthil Old Parish Church and Churchyard 18.JPG|thumb|right|250px|[[Duthil Old Parish Church and Churchyard]]]] *[[Castle Grant]] was the seat of the Chief of Clan Grant.<ref name="Coventry">{{cite book |last=Coventry |first=Martin |year=2008 |title=Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans |location=[[Musselburgh]] |publisher=Goblinshead |pages=241–243 |isbn=978-1-899874-36-1}}</ref> *[[Urquhart Castle]] owned by the Clan Grant from 1509,<ref name="Coventry"/> to 1912. *[[Ballindalloch Castle]] was owned by the Grants from 1499 onwards.<ref name="Coventry"/> *[[Loch an Eilein]] Castle, near [[Aviemore]] came into the possession of the Grants in 1567.<ref name="Coventry"/> It was attacked by Jacobites after their defeat at the [[Battle of Cromdale]] in 1690, but was successfully defended.<ref name="Coventry"/> ==Chief== The current Chief of Clan Grant is the [[Rt Hon]] The Lord Strathspey (Sir James Patrick Trevor Grant of Grant, [[Baronet|Bt]], 6th [[Baron Strathspey]], 33rd hereditary [[Scottish clan chief|Clan chief]] of Clan Grant). The arms of [[Baron Strathspey]] as matriculated by the 32nd Chief in 1950 are shown above : Gules three antique crowns Or in the dexter canton Argent a saltire Azure surmounted of an inescutcheon Or charged with a lion rampant within a double tressure flory counter flory being the addition of a Nova Scotia as a baronet. ==See also== {{commons category|Clan Grant}} * [[Siol Alpin]] * [[Duthil Old Parish Church and Churchyard]] ==References== {{reflist}} *[https://archive.org/details/rulersofstrathsp00cass The Rulers of Strathspey, a history of the lairds of Grant and the Earls of Seafield, 1911, by the Earl of Cassilis] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305064958/http://www.canadashistory.ca/GrantReunion GrantReunion] ==External links== *[http://clangrantaus.com/ Clan Grant, Australia] * [http://www.clangrant.org/ Clan Grant, UK] *[http://www.clangrant-us.org/ Clan Grant, USA] *[http://www.heraldry-online.org.uk/grant1672.html Grant Heraldry] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130820104311/http://www.clangrantcanada.ca/ Clan Grant Canada] *[https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/grant/about/background Grant DNA Project] {{Scottish clans}} [[Category:Clan Grant| ]] [[Category:Scottish clans|Grant]]'