Examine individual changes

This page allows you to examine the variables generated by the Edit Filter for an individual change.

Variables generated for this change

Variable	Value
Edit count of the user (`user_editcount`)	null
Name of the user account (`user_name`)	'2600:1702:2EA0:2B90:59F:41BA:C7F7:2A19'
Age of the user account (`user_age`)	0
Groups (including implicit) the user is in (`user_groups`)	[ 0 => '*' ]
Rights that the user has (`user_rights`)	[ 0 => 'createaccount', 1 => 'read', 2 => 'edit', 3 => 'createtalk', 4 => 'writeapi', 5 => 'viewmywatchlist', 6 => 'editmywatchlist', 7 => 'viewmyprivateinfo', 8 => 'editmyprivateinfo', 9 => 'editmyoptions', 10 => 'abusefilter-log-detail', 11 => 'urlshortener-create-url', 12 => 'centralauth-merge', 13 => 'abusefilter-view', 14 => 'abusefilter-log', 15 => 'vipsscaler-test' ]
Whether the user is editing from mobile app (`user_app`)	false
Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (`user_mobile`)	false
Page ID (`page_id`)	18906679
Page namespace (`page_namespace`)	0
Page title without namespace (`page_title`)	'Climate of the Philippines'
Full page title (`page_prefixedtitle`)	'Climate of the Philippines'
Edit protection level of the page (`page_restrictions_edit`)	[]
Last ten users to contribute to the page (`page_recent_contributors`)	[ 0 => '2600:1702:2EA0:2B90:59F:41BA:C7F7:2A19', 1 => '2001:4450:8339:C100:E866:C45E:657B:8014', 2 => 'ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ', 3 => 'Mako001', 4 => 'Migfab008', 5 => 'Crisantom', 6 => '223.25.62.3', 7 => '49.145.237.250', 8 => 'Daniel boxs', 9 => 'BattyBot' ]
Page age in seconds (`page_age`)	456973658
Action (`action`)	'edit'
Edit summary/reason (`summary`)	'/* Seasons */ '
Old content model (`old_content_model`)	'wikitext'
New content model (`new_content_model`)	'wikitext'
Old page wikitext, before the edit (`old_wikitext`)	'{{Short description\|Climatic features of the Philippines}} {{More footnotes\|date=June 2021}} {{Use mdy dates\|date=April 2020}} {{Use Philippine English\|date=October 2022}} [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map PHL present.svg\|thumb\|300px]][[File:Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010).jpg\|thumb\|Climate map of the Philippines based on the Modified Coronas' Climate Classification, based on the type of rainfall distribution during the 1951-2021 period.]] [[File:Thunderstorms-Philippines.jpg\|thumb\|Evening thunderstorms bringing rain over the Philippines is common from March to September.]] The [[Philippines]] has five types of [[climate]]s: [[tropical rainforest climate\|tropical rainforest]], [[tropical monsoon climate\|tropical monsoon]], [[tropical savanna climate\|tropical savanna]], [[humid subtropical climate\|humid subtropical]] and [[oceanic climate\|oceanic]] (both are in higher-altitude areas) characterized by relatively high temperature, oppressive humidity and plenty of rainfall. There are two [[seasons]] in the country, the wet season and the dry season, based upon the amount of rainfall.<ref name="Seasons" /> This is also dependent on location in the country as some areas experience rain all throughout the year (see [[#Climate types\|Climate types]]). Based on temperature, the warmest months of the year are March through October; the winter [[East Asian Monsoon\|monsoon]] brings cooler air from November to February. May is the warmest month, and January, the coolest.{{sfn\|Coronas\|1920}} Weather in the Philippines is monitored and managed by the [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] (PAGASA). == Rainfall == [[Monsoon]]s are large-scale sea breezes which occur when the temperature on land is significantly warmer or cooler than the temperature of the ocean. Most summer monsoons or southwest monsoons ({{lang-fil\|Habagat}}) have a dominant westerly component and a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious amounts of rain (because of the condensation of water vapor in the rising air). The intensity and duration, however, are not uniform from year to year. Winter monsoons or northeast monsoons ({{lang-fil\|Amihan}}), by contrast, have a dominant easterly component and a strong tendency to diverge, subside and cause drought. At least 30 percent of the annual rainfall in the northern Philippines can be traced to tropical cyclones, while the southern islands receiving less than 10 percent of their annual rainfall from tropical cyclones. The wettest known tropical cyclone to impact the archipelago was the July 1911 cyclone, when the total precipitation for Baguio was distributed over the four days as: 14th – {{convert\|879.8\|mm\|in\|abbr=on\|1}}, 15th – {{convert\|733.6\|mm\|in\|abbr=on\|1}}, 16th – {{convert\|424.9\|mm\|in\|abbr=on\|1}}, 17th – {{convert\|200.4\|mm\|in\|abbr=on\|1}};{{sfn\|Coronas\|1920\|p=110}}<ref name="bag">Glossary of Meteorology. [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/browse?s=b&p=4 Baguio.] Retrieved on June 11, 2008.</ref> followed by extraordinary drought from October 1911 to May 1912, so that the annual amount of those two years were hardly noticeable. == Typhoons == {{Main\|Typhoons in the Philippines}} {{Philippine Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale}} The Philippines sit across the [[typhoon belt]], making dangerous storms from July through October. Climate change exacerbates the situation with typhoons in the Philippines.<ref>Overland, Indra et al. (2017) ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320622312 Impact of Climate Change on ASEAN International Affairs: Risk and Opportunity Multiplier]'', Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and Myanmar Institute of International and Strategic Studies (MISIS).</ref> ''Bagyo'' is the Filipino term for any [[tropical cyclone]] in the Philippine Islands.<ref name="bag"/> From the statistics gathered by PAGASA from 1948 to 2004, around an average of 28 storms and/or typhoons per year enter the PAR (Philippine Area of Responsibility) – the designated area assigned to PAGASA to monitor during weather disturbances. Those that made landfall or crossed the Philippines, the average was nine per year. In 1993, a record 19 typhoons made landfall in the country making it the most in one year. The fewest per year were 4 during the years 1955, 1958, 1992, and 1997.<ref name="Typhoon">Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. "[http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm Tropical Cyclone Statistics] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525212029/http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm\|date=May 25, 2013}}". Retrieved on June 26, 2010.</ref> PAGASA categorises typhoons into five types according to wind speed. Once a tropical cyclone enters the PAR, regardless of strength, it is given a [[Lists of tropical cyclone names#Philippines\|local name]] for identification purposes by the media, government, and the general public.<ref name="AOML FAQ B2">{{cite web\|author=[[Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory]], [[Hurricane]] Research Division\|title=Frequently Asked Questions: What are the upcoming tropical cyclone names?\|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\|NOAA]]\|access-date=December 11, 2006\|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/B2.html}}</ref> === Public Storm Warning System (PSWS) === {{Philippine Tropical Cyclone Signals}} For the past ten years, the Philippines has experienced a number of extremely damaging tropical cyclones, particularly typhoons with more than {{convert\|185\|km/h\|mph kn m/s\|abbr=on}} of sustained winds. Because of this, the Super Typhoon ('''STY''') category with more than {{convert\|185\|km/h\|mph kn m/s\|abbr=on}} maximum sustained winds was officially adopted. PAGASA revises definition of super typhoon, signal system in 2022.<ref>{{cite news \| url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/amp/news/03/23/22/pagasa-redefines-super-typhoon-tweaks-wind-signals \| title=PAGASA redefines 'super typhoon', revises wind signals \| publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]] \| date=March 23, 2022 \| access-date=March 25, 2022}}</ref> However, according to different stakeholders, the extensive and devastating damages caused by strong typhoons such as [[Typhoon Haiyan]] (Yolanda) in 2013 and [[Typhoon Rai]] (Odette) in 2021 made the four{{nbhyph}}level warning system inadequate. == Strongest typhoons == === Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda, 2013) === The deadliest typhoon to impact the Philippines was [[Typhoon Haiyan]], locally known as Yolanda, in November 2013, in which more than 6,300 people died from its storm surges and powerful winds. Over 1,000 went missing and nearly 20,000 were injured. Winds reached {{convert\|315\|km/h\|mph kn m/s\|abbr=on}} in one–minute sustained and may have been the strongest storm in history in terms of wind speeds as wind speeds before the 1970s were too high to record. === Typhoon Angela (Rosing, 1995) === Back in 1995, where [[Typhoon Angela]], known as Rosing was an extremely catastrophic category 5 typhoon that made landfall in Catanduanes and made across Manila. Winds reached 290 km/h (180 mph) on one-minute sustain winds. Rosing took 936 lives and the most powerful typhoon that ever hit Metro Manila. === Typhoon Bopha (Pablo, 2012) === On late December 3, 2012, [[Typhoon Bopha]] or known as Pablo made [[landfall]] on Eastern Mindanao, damage was over US$1.04 billion by winds of 280 km/h (175 mph) on one-minute sustain winds. Typhoon Bopha was the most powerful typhoon ever hit Mindanao, killing 1,067 people and 834 people were missing. Most of the damage was caused by rushing storm surges and screaming winds. === Typhoon Megi (Juan, 2010)=== [[Typhoon Megi (2010)]] was the strongest storm ever to make landfall in the country in terms of pressure. It reached wind speeds of 295 km/h (185 mph) on one-minute sustained winds, killing 67 people and costing over US$700 million in damage. == Climate types {{anchor\|Coronas Climate Types}} == {\| style="text-align:right;float:right;padding-right:0;" \|- ! Four kinds of tropical sunshine (°C) \|- Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec \| colors = red, blue, yellow, green \| yGrid = \| xAxisAngle = -40 \| yAxisTitle = Temperature \| y1 = 25.7, 26.1, 27.5, 28.8, 29.3, 28.3, 27.5, 27.3, 27.2, 27.3, 26.8, 25.9 \| y2 = 25.8, 25.8, 26.4, 27.1, 27.7, 27.9, 27.8, 27.9, 28.0, 27.4, 26.7, 26.3 \| y3 = 26.3, 26.5, 27.1, 28.1, 28.6, 28.2, 27.9, 27.9, 27.7, 27.5, 27.4, 26.9 \| y4 = 26.8, 27.0, 27.4, 27.9, 27.5, 26.9, 26.5, 26.5, 26.8, 27.1, 27.1, 26.9 }} \|- ! Four kinds of tropical rain (mm) \|- \| style="font-size:85%;transform: translate(1.5em,0);" \| {{Graph:Chart \| type=rect \| width = 290 \| height = 280 \| yAxisTitle = Rainfall \| y1 = 17, 8, 13, 26, 125, 273, 407, 441, 346, 193, 135, 63 \| y2 = 565, 394, 308, 262, 315, 221, 218, 201, 194, 290, 508, 633 \| y3 = 103, 79, 59, 65, 115, 176, 192, 164, 174, 193, 166, 121 \| y4 = 68, 69, 47, 57, 108, 118, 110, 93, 84, 113, 98, 87 \| colors = red, blue, yellow, green \| xAxisTitle = Month \| x = Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec \| yGrid = \| xAxisAngle = -40 }} \|} There are four recognized climate types in the Philippines, and they are based on the distribution of rainfall ''(See the Philippine Climate Map at the top)''.{{efn\|This classification was first established by {{harvnb\|Coronas\|1920\|pages=68–72}} and then slightly modified by PAGASA ({{harvnb\|Flores\|Balagot\|1969}}; {{harvnb\|Kintanar\|1984}}).}} They are described as follows:<ref name=Seasons /> {\| \| {{hsp}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{nowrap\|'''Type I'''}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| Two pronounced seasons: dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. \|- \| {{hsp}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{nowrap\|'''Type II'''}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| No dry season with a pronounced rainfall from November to January. \|- \| {{hsp}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{nowrap\|'''Type III'''}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| Seasons are not very pronounced, relatively dry from November to April, and wet during the rest of the year. \|- \| {{hsp}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{nowrap\|'''Type IV'''}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. \|} {\| style="font-size:95%;text-align:right;" \| {\| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" ! style="width:100em;text-align:center;background-color:red;color:white;margin-top:0;padding-top:0;" colspan="15" \| Climate: Type I \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-bottom:thin 0 white;" colspan="15" \| [[Manila]] \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-top:thin 0 white;" colspan="2" \| ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jan ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Feb ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Mar ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Apr ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| May ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jun ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jul ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Aug ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Sep ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Oct ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Nov ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Dec ! style="width:4em;border-left-width:medium;text-align:center;" \| Year \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;width:11em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average high \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;width:1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|29.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|33.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|33.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|29.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;line-height:1.2em;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(29.8+30.6+32.3+33.7+33.8+32.1+31.0+30.5+30.6+30.9+30.5+29.7)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average mean \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|25.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|28.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|29.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|28.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|25.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(25.7+26.1+27.5+28.8+29.3+28.3+27.5+27.3+27.2+27.3+26.8+25.9)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average low \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:boldline-height:1.2em;;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|21.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|21.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(21.6+21.6+22.7+24.0+24.9+24.6+24.1+24.1+23.9+23.7+23.1+22.2)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average rainfall \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| mm<br />in \| {{convert\| 17\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 8\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 13\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 26\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|125\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|273\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|407\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|441\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|346\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|193\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|135\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 63\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|17+8+13+26+125+273+407+441+346+193+135+63\|0}}\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|0}} \|- ! style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0;" colspan="15" \| climate-data.org<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/1952/ \|title=Climatological Information for Manila \|publisher=AmbiWeb GmbH \|access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> February 2016 \|} \|- \| {\| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" ! style="width:100em;text-align:center;background-color:blue;color:white;margin-top:0;padding-top:0;" colspan="15" \| Climate: Type II \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-bottom:thin 0 white;" colspan="15" \| [[Borongan, Eastern Samar]] \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-top:thin 0 white;" colspan="2" \| ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jan ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Feb ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Mar ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Apr ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| May ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jun ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jul ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Aug ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Sep ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Oct ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Nov ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Dec ! style="width:4em;border-left-width:medium;text-align:center;" \| Year \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;width:11em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average high \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;width:1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|29.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|29.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|29.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;line-height:1.2em;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(29.1+29.3+30.1+31.1+31.8+32.1+32.0+32.2+32.3+31.5+30.5+29.7)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average mean \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|25.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|25.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|28.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|( 25.8+25.8+26.4+27.1+27.7+27.9+27.8+27.9+28.0+27.4+26.7+26.3)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average low \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:boldline-height:1.2em;;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|22.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(22.5+22.4+22.7+23.2+23.7+23.7+23.6+23.7+23.7+23.3+23.0+22.9)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average rainfall \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| mm<br />in \| {{convert\|565\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|394\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|308\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|262\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|315\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|221\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|218\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|201\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|194\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|290\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|508\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|633\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|565+394+308+262+315+221+218+201+194+290+508+633\|0}}\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|0}} \|- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="15" \| climate-data.org<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/20831/ \|title=Climatological Information for Borongan, Eastern Samar \|publisher=AmbiWeb GmbH \|access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> February 2016 \|} \|- \| {\| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" ! style="width:100em;text-align:center;background-color:yellow;color:black;" colspan="15" \| Climate: Type III \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-bottom:thin 0 white;" colspan="15" \| [[Cebu City]] \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-top:thin 0 white;" colspan="2" \| ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jan ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Feb ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Mar ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Apr ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| May ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jun ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jul ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Aug ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Sep ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Oct ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Nov ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Dec ! style="width:4em;border-left-width:medium;text-align:center;" \| Year \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;width:11em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average high \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;width:1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|30.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|33.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;line-height:1.2em;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(30.2+30.4+31.4+32.5+33.0+32.3+31.9+31.9+31.7+31.5+31.3+30.7)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average mean \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|26.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|28.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|28.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|28.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(26.3+26.5+27.1+28.1+28.6+28.2+27.9+27.9+27.7+27.5+27.4+26.9)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average low \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:boldline-height:1.2em;;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|22.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(22.5+22.6+22.8+23.7+24.3+24.1+23.9+24.0+23.7+23.6+23.5+23.1)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average rainfall \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| mm<br />in \| {{convert\|103\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 79\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 59\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 65\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|115\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|176\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|192\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|164\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|174\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|193\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|166\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|121\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|103+79+59+65+115+176+192+164+174+193+166+121\|0}}\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|0}} \|- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="15" \| climate-data.org<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/3183/ \|title=Climatological Information for Cebu City \|publisher=AmbiWeb GmbH \|access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> February 2016 \|} \|- \| {\| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" ! style="width:100em;text-align:center;background-color:green;color:white;" colspan="15" \| Climate: Type IV \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-bottom:thin 0 white;" colspan="15" \| [[General Santos]] \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-top:thin 0 white;" colspan="2" \| ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jan ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Feb ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Mar ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Apr ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| May ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jun ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jul ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Aug ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Sep ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Oct ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Nov ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Dec ! style="width:4em;border-left-width:medium;text-align:center;" \| Year \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;width:11em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average high \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;width:1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|32.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|33.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|33.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;line-height:1.2em;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(32.2+32.5+33.1+33.4+32.3+31.4+31.0+31.1+31.5+31.9+32.2+32.1)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average mean \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|26.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(26.8+27.0+27.4+27.9+27.5+26.9+26.5+26.5+26.8+27.1+27.1+26.9)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average low \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:boldline-height:1.2em;;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|21.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|21.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|21.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|21.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(21.4+21.5+21.7+22.4+22.7+22.4+22.0+22.0+22.2+22.3+22.0+21.8)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average rainfall \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| mm<br />in \| {{convert\| 68\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 69\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 47\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 57\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|108\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|118\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|110\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 93\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 84\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|113\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 98\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 87\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|68+69+47+57+108+118+110+93+84+113+98+87\|0}}\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|0}} \|- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="15" \| climate-data.org<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/997978/ \|title=Climatological Information for General Santos \|publisher=AmbiWeb GmbH \|access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> February 2016 \|} \|} == Temperature == The average year-round temperature measured from all the weather stations in the Philippines, except [[Baguio]], is {{convert\|26.6\|C\|1}}. Cooler days are usually felt in the month of January with temperature averaging at {{convert\|25.5\|C\|1}} and the warmest days, in the month of May with a mean of {{convert\|28.3\|C\|1}}.<ref name=Seasons /> Elevation factors significantly in the variation of temperature in the Philippines. In Baguio, with an elevation of {{convert\|1,500\| m\|ft\|abbr=on\|-2}} above sea level, the mean average is {{convert\|18.3\|°C}} or cooler by about {{convert\|4.3\|C-change\|0}}. In 1915, a one-year study was [[conducted]] by William H. Brown of the Philippine Journal of Science on top of [[Mount Banahaw]] at {{convert\|2,100\| m\|abbr=on\|-2}} elevation. The mean temperature measured was {{convert\|18.6\|°C}}, a difference of {{convert\|10\| C-change\|0}} from the lowland mean temperature.{{sfn\|Coronas\|1920\|p=53}} {\| class="wikitable sortable" \|+Philippines Monthly Average Temperature Trend From 1991 to 2020 (°C) <ref>{{Cite web\|title=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal\|url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018023621/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/philippines/climate-data-historical\|archive-date=2021-11-22\|access-date=2021-11-22\|website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org\|language=en}}</ref> !Category !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec \|- \|Min \|20.67 \|20.57 \|21.09 \|21.98 \|22.55 \|22.35 \|22.03 \|22.07 \|21.97 \|21.76 \|21.64 \|21.31 \|- \|Mean \|24.72 \|24.88 \|25.71 \|26.68 \|27.02 \|26.47 \|25.94 \|25.92 \|25.9 \|25.83 \|25.65 \|25.21 \|- \|Max \|28.82 \|29.24 \|30.38 \|31.42 \|31.54 \|30.65 \|29.9 \|29.82 \|29.87 \|29.96 \|29.72 \|29.16 \|- \|Precipitation (mm) \|136.93 \|96.05 \|92.56 \|97.66 \|188.95 \|248.37 \|291.02 \|310.68 \|281.05 \|280.74 \|230.51 \|206.84 \|} == Humidity == Relative humidity is high in the Philippines. A high amount of moisture or vapor in the air makes hot temperatures feel hotter. This quantity of moisture is due to different factors – the extraordinary [[evaporation]] from the seas that surrounds the country on all sides, to the different [[prevailing winds]] in the different seasons of the year, and finally, to the abundant rains so common in a tropical country. The first may be considered as general causes of the great humidity, which is generally observed in all the islands throughout the year. The last two may influence the different degree of humidity for the different months of the year and for the different regions of the archipelago.{{sfn\|Coronas\|1920\|p=125}} == Seasons == The climate of the country is divided into two main seasons: # the rainy season, from June to the early part of October; # the dry season, from the later part of October to May. The dry season may be subdivided further into (a) the cool dry season, from the later part of October to February; and (b) the hot dry season, from March to May.<ref name=Seasons /> The months of April and May, the hot and dry months when schools are on their long break between academic years, is referred to as [[summer]] while in most of the [[northern Hemisphere\|northern hemisphere]] those months are part of [[Spring (season)\|spring]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/weather/pagasa-statement-philippines-hot-dry-season-summer-begins-march-26-2021\|title='Summer' is here: Philippines' hot dry season begins\|publisher=[[Rappler]]\|date=26 March 2021\|access-date=5 November 2021}}</ref> {\|class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; font-size=92%;" \|- ! style="width:4em;" \| Months ! style="width:14em;" \| November–February ! style="width:14em;" \| March–May ! style="width:14em;" \| June–August ! style="width:14em;" \| September–October \|- ! Rainfall \| colspan="2" bgcolor="yellow" \| <div style="text-align: center;">'''Dry'''</div> \| colspan="2" bgcolor="green" \| <div style="text-align: center;"> '''<span style="color:#FFFFFF">Wet</span>'''</div> \|- ! Temperature \| colspan="1" bgcolor="blue" \| <div style="text-align: center;">'''<span style="color:#FFFFFF">Cool</span>''' </div> \| colspan="3" bgcolor="red" \| <div style="text-align: center;">'''Hot'''</div> \|- !Season \| colspan="1" bgcolor="orange" \| <div style="text-align: center;">'''Cool Dry'''</div> \| colspan="1" bgcolor="red" \| <div style="text-align: center;"> '''Hot Dry'''</div> \| colspan="2" bgcolor="blue" \| <div style="text-align: center;"> '''<span style="color:#FFFFFF">Rainy</span>'''</div> \|} == Climate change == {{Excerpt\|Climate change in the Philippines}} == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist\|30em\|refs= <ref name=Seasons>{{cite web \|url=https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/climate-of-the-philippines \|title=Climate of the Philippines \|work=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration \|access-date=November 26, 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115114718/https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/climate-of-the-philippines \|archive-date=November 15, 2015 }}</ref> }} == Sources == {{refbegin\|30em}} * {{cite book \| last1 = Coronas \| first1 = José \| title = The Climate and Weather of the Philippines, 1903 – 1918 \| publisher = Bureau of Philippines \| location = Manila Observatory \| date = 1920 \| url = http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/agh9000.0001.001 }} * {{cite book \| series = World Survey of Climatology \| volume = 8: Climates of Northern and Eastern Asia \| title = Ch. 3: Climate of the Philippines \| last1 = Flores \| first1 = J. F. \| last2 = Balagot \| first2 = V. F. \| date = 1969 \| isbn = 978-0444407047 \| publisher = Elsevier \| editor1-first = Hidetoshi \| editor1-last = Arakawa }} * {{cite book \| title = Climate of the Philippines \| first1 = R. L. \| last1 = Kintanar \| author1-link = Roman Kintanar \| publisher = PAGASA \| date = 1984 }} {{refend}} [[Category:Climate of the Philippines\| ]] [[Category:Geography of the Philippines]]'
New page wikitext, after the edit (`new_wikitext`)	'{{Short description\|Climatic features of the Philippines}} {{More footnotes\|date=June 2021}} {{Use mdy dates\|date=April 2020}} {{Use Philippine English\|date=October 2022}} [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map PHL present.svg\|thumb\|300px]][[File:Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010).jpg\|thumb\|Climate map of the Philippines based on the Modified Coronas' Climate Classification, based on the type of rainfall distribution during the 1951-2021 period.]] [[File:Thunderstorms-Philippines.jpg\|thumb\|Evening thunderstorms bringing rain over the Philippines is common from March to September.]] The [[Philippines]] has five types of [[climate]]s: [[tropical rainforest climate\|tropical rainforest]], [[tropical monsoon climate\|tropical monsoon]], [[tropical savanna climate\|tropical savanna]], [[humid subtropical climate\|humid subtropical]] and [[oceanic climate\|oceanic]] (both are in higher-altitude areas) characterized by relatively high temperature, oppressive humidity and plenty of rainfall. There are two [[seasons]] in the country, the wet season and the dry season, based upon the amount of rainfall.<ref name="Seasons" /> This is also dependent on location in the country as some areas experience rain all throughout the year (see [[#Climate types\|Climate types]]). Based on temperature, the warmest months of the year are March through October; the winter [[East Asian Monsoon\|monsoon]] brings cooler air from November to February. May is the warmest month, and January, the coolest.{{sfn\|Coronas\|1920}} Weather in the Philippines is monitored and managed by the [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] (PAGASA). == Rainfall == [[Monsoon]]s are large-scale sea breezes which occur when the temperature on land is significantly warmer or cooler than the temperature of the ocean. Most summer monsoons or southwest monsoons ({{lang-fil\|Habagat}}) have a dominant westerly component and a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious amounts of rain (because of the condensation of water vapor in the rising air). The intensity and duration, however, are not uniform from year to year. Winter monsoons or northeast monsoons ({{lang-fil\|Amihan}}), by contrast, have a dominant easterly component and a strong tendency to diverge, subside and cause drought. At least 30 percent of the annual rainfall in the northern Philippines can be traced to tropical cyclones, while the southern islands receiving less than 10 percent of their annual rainfall from tropical cyclones. The wettest known tropical cyclone to impact the archipelago was the July 1911 cyclone, when the total precipitation for Baguio was distributed over the four days as: 14th – {{convert\|879.8\|mm\|in\|abbr=on\|1}}, 15th – {{convert\|733.6\|mm\|in\|abbr=on\|1}}, 16th – {{convert\|424.9\|mm\|in\|abbr=on\|1}}, 17th – {{convert\|200.4\|mm\|in\|abbr=on\|1}};{{sfn\|Coronas\|1920\|p=110}}<ref name="bag">Glossary of Meteorology. [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/browse?s=b&p=4 Baguio.] Retrieved on June 11, 2008.</ref> followed by extraordinary drought from October 1911 to May 1912, so that the annual amount of those two years were hardly noticeable. == Typhoons == {{Main\|Typhoons in the Philippines}} {{Philippine Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale}} The Philippines sit across the [[typhoon belt]], making dangerous storms from July through October. Climate change exacerbates the situation with typhoons in the Philippines.<ref>Overland, Indra et al. (2017) ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320622312 Impact of Climate Change on ASEAN International Affairs: Risk and Opportunity Multiplier]'', Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and Myanmar Institute of International and Strategic Studies (MISIS).</ref> ''Bagyo'' is the Filipino term for any [[tropical cyclone]] in the Philippine Islands.<ref name="bag"/> From the statistics gathered by PAGASA from 1948 to 2004, around an average of 28 storms and/or typhoons per year enter the PAR (Philippine Area of Responsibility) – the designated area assigned to PAGASA to monitor during weather disturbances. Those that made landfall or crossed the Philippines, the average was nine per year. In 1993, a record 19 typhoons made landfall in the country making it the most in one year. The fewest per year were 4 during the years 1955, 1958, 1992, and 1997.<ref name="Typhoon">Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. "[http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm Tropical Cyclone Statistics] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525212029/http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm\|date=May 25, 2013}}". Retrieved on June 26, 2010.</ref> PAGASA categorises typhoons into five types according to wind speed. Once a tropical cyclone enters the PAR, regardless of strength, it is given a [[Lists of tropical cyclone names#Philippines\|local name]] for identification purposes by the media, government, and the general public.<ref name="AOML FAQ B2">{{cite web\|author=[[Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory]], [[Hurricane]] Research Division\|title=Frequently Asked Questions: What are the upcoming tropical cyclone names?\|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\|NOAA]]\|access-date=December 11, 2006\|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/B2.html}}</ref> === Public Storm Warning System (PSWS) === {{Philippine Tropical Cyclone Signals}} For the past ten years, the Philippines has experienced a number of extremely damaging tropical cyclones, particularly typhoons with more than {{convert\|185\|km/h\|mph kn m/s\|abbr=on}} of sustained winds. Because of this, the Super Typhoon ('''STY''') category with more than {{convert\|185\|km/h\|mph kn m/s\|abbr=on}} maximum sustained winds was officially adopted. PAGASA revises definition of super typhoon, signal system in 2022.<ref>{{cite news \| url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/amp/news/03/23/22/pagasa-redefines-super-typhoon-tweaks-wind-signals \| title=PAGASA redefines 'super typhoon', revises wind signals \| publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]] \| date=March 23, 2022 \| access-date=March 25, 2022}}</ref> However, according to different stakeholders, the extensive and devastating damages caused by strong typhoons such as [[Typhoon Haiyan]] (Yolanda) in 2013 and [[Typhoon Rai]] (Odette) in 2021 made the four{{nbhyph}}level warning system inadequate. == Strongest typhoons == === Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda, 2013) === The deadliest typhoon to impact the Philippines was [[Typhoon Haiyan]], locally known as Yolanda, in November 2013, in which more than 6,300 people died from its storm surges and powerful winds. Over 1,000 went missing and nearly 20,000 were injured. Winds reached {{convert\|315\|km/h\|mph kn m/s\|abbr=on}} in one–minute sustained and may have been the strongest storm in history in terms of wind speeds as wind speeds before the 1970s were too high to record. === Typhoon Angela (Rosing, 1995) === Back in 1995, where [[Typhoon Angela]], known as Rosing was an extremely catastrophic category 5 typhoon that made landfall in Catanduanes and made across Manila. Winds reached 290 km/h (180 mph) on one-minute sustain winds. Rosing took 936 lives and the most powerful typhoon that ever hit Metro Manila. === Typhoon Bopha (Pablo, 2012) === On late December 3, 2012, [[Typhoon Bopha]] or known as Pablo made [[landfall]] on Eastern Mindanao, damage was over US$1.04 billion by winds of 280 km/h (175 mph) on one-minute sustain winds. Typhoon Bopha was the most powerful typhoon ever hit Mindanao, killing 1,067 people and 834 people were missing. Most of the damage was caused by rushing storm surges and screaming winds. === Typhoon Megi (Juan, 2010)=== [[Typhoon Megi (2010)]] was the strongest storm ever to make landfall in the country in terms of pressure. It reached wind speeds of 295 km/h (185 mph) on one-minute sustained winds, killing 67 people and costing over US$700 million in damage. == Climate types {{anchor\|Coronas Climate Types}} == {\| style="text-align:right;float:right;padding-right:0;" \|- ! Four kinds of tropical sunshine (°C) \|- Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec \| colors = red, blue, yellow, green \| yGrid = \| xAxisAngle = -40 \| yAxisTitle = Temperature \| y1 = 25.7, 26.1, 27.5, 28.8, 29.3, 28.3, 27.5, 27.3, 27.2, 27.3, 26.8, 25.9 \| y2 = 25.8, 25.8, 26.4, 27.1, 27.7, 27.9, 27.8, 27.9, 28.0, 27.4, 26.7, 26.3 \| y3 = 26.3, 26.5, 27.1, 28.1, 28.6, 28.2, 27.9, 27.9, 27.7, 27.5, 27.4, 26.9 \| y4 = 26.8, 27.0, 27.4, 27.9, 27.5, 26.9, 26.5, 26.5, 26.8, 27.1, 27.1, 26.9 }} \|- ! Four kinds of tropical rain (mm) \|- \| style="font-size:85%;transform: translate(1.5em,0);" \| {{Graph:Chart \| type=rect \| width = 290 \| height = 280 \| yAxisTitle = Rainfall \| y1 = 17, 8, 13, 26, 125, 273, 407, 441, 346, 193, 135, 63 \| y2 = 565, 394, 308, 262, 315, 221, 218, 201, 194, 290, 508, 633 \| y3 = 103, 79, 59, 65, 115, 176, 192, 164, 174, 193, 166, 121 \| y4 = 68, 69, 47, 57, 108, 118, 110, 93, 84, 113, 98, 87 \| colors = red, blue, yellow, green \| xAxisTitle = Month \| x = Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec \| yGrid = \| xAxisAngle = -40 }} \|} There are four recognized climate types in the Philippines, and they are based on the distribution of rainfall ''(See the Philippine Climate Map at the top)''.{{efn\|This classification was first established by {{harvnb\|Coronas\|1920\|pages=68–72}} and then slightly modified by PAGASA ({{harvnb\|Flores\|Balagot\|1969}}; {{harvnb\|Kintanar\|1984}}).}} They are described as follows:<ref name=Seasons /> {\| \| {{hsp}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{nowrap\|'''Type I'''}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| Two pronounced seasons: dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. \|- \| {{hsp}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{nowrap\|'''Type II'''}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| No dry season with a pronounced rainfall from November to January. \|- \| {{hsp}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{nowrap\|'''Type III'''}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| Seasons are not very pronounced, relatively dry from November to April, and wet during the rest of the year. \|- \| {{hsp}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| {{nowrap\|'''Type IV'''}} \| style="text-align:left;" \| Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. \|} {\| style="font-size:95%;text-align:right;" \| {\| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" ! style="width:100em;text-align:center;background-color:red;color:white;margin-top:0;padding-top:0;" colspan="15" \| Climate: Type I \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-bottom:thin 0 white;" colspan="15" \| [[Manila]] \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-top:thin 0 white;" colspan="2" \| ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jan ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Feb ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Mar ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Apr ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| May ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jun ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jul ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Aug ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Sep ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Oct ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Nov ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Dec ! style="width:4em;border-left-width:medium;text-align:center;" \| Year \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;width:11em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average high \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;width:1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|29.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|33.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|33.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|29.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;line-height:1.2em;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(29.8+30.6+32.3+33.7+33.8+32.1+31.0+30.5+30.6+30.9+30.5+29.7)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average mean \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|25.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|28.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|29.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|28.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|25.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(25.7+26.1+27.5+28.8+29.3+28.3+27.5+27.3+27.2+27.3+26.8+25.9)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average low \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:boldline-height:1.2em;;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|21.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|21.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(21.6+21.6+22.7+24.0+24.9+24.6+24.1+24.1+23.9+23.7+23.1+22.2)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average rainfall \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| mm<br />in \| {{convert\| 17\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 8\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 13\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 26\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|125\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|273\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|407\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|441\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|346\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|193\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|135\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 63\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|17+8+13+26+125+273+407+441+346+193+135+63\|0}}\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|0}} \|- ! style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0;" colspan="15" \| climate-data.org<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/1952/ \|title=Climatological Information for Manila \|publisher=AmbiWeb GmbH \|access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> February 2016 \|} \|- \| {\| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" ! style="width:100em;text-align:center;background-color:blue;color:white;margin-top:0;padding-top:0;" colspan="15" \| Climate: Type II \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-bottom:thin 0 white;" colspan="15" \| [[Borongan, Eastern Samar]] \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-top:thin 0 white;" colspan="2" \| ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jan ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Feb ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Mar ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Apr ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| May ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jun ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jul ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Aug ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Sep ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Oct ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Nov ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Dec ! style="width:4em;border-left-width:medium;text-align:center;" \| Year \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;width:11em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average high \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;width:1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|29.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|29.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|29.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;line-height:1.2em;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(29.1+29.3+30.1+31.1+31.8+32.1+32.0+32.2+32.3+31.5+30.5+29.7)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average mean \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|25.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|25.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|28.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|( 25.8+25.8+26.4+27.1+27.7+27.9+27.8+27.9+28.0+27.4+26.7+26.3)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average low \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:boldline-height:1.2em;;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|22.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(22.5+22.4+22.7+23.2+23.7+23.7+23.6+23.7+23.7+23.3+23.0+22.9)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average rainfall \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| mm<br />in \| {{convert\|565\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|394\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|308\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|262\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|315\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|221\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|218\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|201\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|194\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|290\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|508\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|633\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|565+394+308+262+315+221+218+201+194+290+508+633\|0}}\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|0}} \|- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="15" \| climate-data.org<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/20831/ \|title=Climatological Information for Borongan, Eastern Samar \|publisher=AmbiWeb GmbH \|access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> February 2016 \|} \|- \| {\| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" ! style="width:100em;text-align:center;background-color:yellow;color:black;" colspan="15" \| Climate: Type III \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-bottom:thin 0 white;" colspan="15" \| [[Cebu City]] \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-top:thin 0 white;" colspan="2" \| ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jan ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Feb ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Mar ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Apr ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| May ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jun ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jul ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Aug ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Sep ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Oct ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Nov ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Dec ! style="width:4em;border-left-width:medium;text-align:center;" \| Year \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;width:11em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average high \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;width:1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|30.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|33.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|30.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;line-height:1.2em;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(30.2+30.4+31.4+32.5+33.0+32.3+31.9+31.9+31.7+31.5+31.3+30.7)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average mean \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|26.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|28.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|28.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|28.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(26.3+26.5+27.1+28.1+28.6+28.2+27.9+27.9+27.7+27.5+27.4+26.9)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average low \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:boldline-height:1.2em;;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|22.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|24.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.6\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|23.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(22.5+22.6+22.8+23.7+24.3+24.1+23.9+24.0+23.7+23.6+23.5+23.1)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average rainfall \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| mm<br />in \| {{convert\|103\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 79\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 59\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 65\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|115\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|176\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|192\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|164\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|174\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|193\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|166\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|121\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|103+79+59+65+115+176+192+164+174+193+166+121\|0}}\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|0}} \|- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="15" \| climate-data.org<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/3183/ \|title=Climatological Information for Cebu City \|publisher=AmbiWeb GmbH \|access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> February 2016 \|} \|- \| {\| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" ! style="width:100em;text-align:center;background-color:green;color:white;" colspan="15" \| Climate: Type IV \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-bottom:thin 0 white;" colspan="15" \| [[General Santos]] \|- ! style="text-align:center;border-top:thin 0 white;" colspan="2" \| ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jan ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Feb ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Mar ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Apr ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| May ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jun ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Jul ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Aug ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Sep ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Oct ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Nov ! style="width:2.8em;text-align:center;" \| Dec ! style="width:4em;border-left-width:medium;text-align:center;" \| Year \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;width:11em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average high \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;width:1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|32.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|33.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|33.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|31.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|32.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;line-height:1.2em;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(32.2+32.5+33.1+33.4+32.3+31.4+31.0+31.1+31.5+31.9+32.2+32.1)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average mean \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|26.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|27.1\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|26.9\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(26.8+27.0+27.4+27.9+27.5+26.9+26.5+26.5+26.8+27.1+27.1+26.9)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;" \| Average low \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:boldline-height:1.2em;;" \| °C<br />°F \| {{convert\|21.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|21.5\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|21.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.7\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.4\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.2\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.3\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|22.0\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|21.8\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|(21.4+21.5+21.7+22.4+22.7+22.4+22.0+22.0+22.2+22.3+22.0+21.8)/12\|1}}\|C\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \|- style="line-height:1.2em;" \| style="text-align:left;border-right:0;font-weight:bold;" \| Average rainfall \| style="text-align:center;border-left:0;font-weight:bold;" \| mm<br />in \| {{convert\| 68\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 69\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 47\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 57\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|108\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|118\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|110\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 93\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 84\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\|113\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 98\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| {{convert\| 87\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|1}} \| style="border-left-width:medium;" \| {{convert\|{{rnd\|68+69+47+57+108+118+110+93+84+113+98+87\|0}}\|mm\|abbr=values\|disp=br\|0}} \|- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="15" \| climate-data.org<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/997978/ \|title=Climatological Information for General Santos \|publisher=AmbiWeb GmbH \|access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> February 2016 \|} \|} == Temperature == The average year-round temperature measured from all the weather stations in the Philippines, except [[Baguio]], is {{convert\|26.6\|C\|1}}. Cooler days are usually felt in the month of January with temperature averaging at {{convert\|25.5\|C\|1}} and the warmest days, in the month of May with a mean of {{convert\|28.3\|C\|1}}.<ref name=Seasons /> Elevation factors significantly in the variation of temperature in the Philippines. In Baguio, with an elevation of {{convert\|1,500\| m\|ft\|abbr=on\|-2}} above sea level, the mean average is {{convert\|18.3\|°C}} or cooler by about {{convert\|4.3\|C-change\|0}}. In 1915, a one-year study was [[conducted]] by William H. Brown of the Philippine Journal of Science on top of [[Mount Banahaw]] at {{convert\|2,100\| m\|abbr=on\|-2}} elevation. The mean temperature measured was {{convert\|18.6\|°C}}, a difference of {{convert\|10\| C-change\|0}} from the lowland mean temperature.{{sfn\|Coronas\|1920\|p=53}} {\| class="wikitable sortable" \|+Philippines Monthly Average Temperature Trend From 1991 to 2020 (°C) <ref>{{Cite web\|title=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal\|url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018023621/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/philippines/climate-data-historical\|archive-date=2021-11-22\|access-date=2021-11-22\|website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org\|language=en}}</ref> !Category !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec \|- \|Min \|20.67 \|20.57 \|21.09 \|21.98 \|22.55 \|22.35 \|22.03 \|22.07 \|21.97 \|21.76 \|21.64 \|21.31 \|- \|Mean \|24.72 \|24.88 \|25.71 \|26.68 \|27.02 \|26.47 \|25.94 \|25.92 \|25.9 \|25.83 \|25.65 \|25.21 \|- \|Max \|28.82 \|29.24 \|30.38 \|31.42 \|31.54 \|30.65 \|29.9 \|29.82 \|29.87 \|29.96 \|29.72 \|29.16 \|- \|Precipitation (mm) \|136.93 \|96.05 \|92.56 \|97.66 \|188.95 \|248.37 \|291.02 \|310.68 \|281.05 \|280.74 \|230.51 \|206.84 \|} == Humidity == Relative humidity is high in the Philippines. A high amount of moisture or vapor in the air makes hot temperatures feel hotter. This quantity of moisture is due to different factors – the extraordinary [[evaporation]] from the seas that surrounds the country on all sides, to the different [[prevailing winds]] in the different seasons of the year, and finally, to the abundant rains so common in a tropical country. The first may be considered as general causes of the great humidity, which is generally observed in all the islands throughout the year. The last two may influence the different degree of humidity for the different months of the year and for the different regions of the archipelago.{{sfn\|Coronas\|1920\|p=125}} == Seasons == The climate of the country is divided into two main seasons: # t {\|class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; font-size=92%;" \|- ! style="width:4em;" \| Months ! style="width:14em;" \| November–February ! style="width:14em;" \| March–May ! style="width:14em;" \| June–August ! style="width:14em;" \| September–October \|- ! Rainfall \| colspan="2" bgcolor="yellow" \| <div style="text-align: center;">'''Dry'''</div> \| colspan="2" bgcolor="green" \| <div style="text-align: center;"> '''<span style="color:#FFFFFF">Wet</span>'''</div> \|- ! Temperature \| colspan="1" bgcolor="blue" \| <div style="text-align: center;">'''<span style="color:#FFFFFF">Cool</span>''' </div> \| colspan="3" bgcolor="red" \| <div style="text-align: center;">'''Hot'''</div> \|- !Season \| colspan="1" bgcolor="orange" \| <div style="text-align: center;">'''Cool Dry'''</div> \| colspan="1" bgcolor="red" \| <div style="text-align: center;"> '''Hot Dry'''</div> \| colspan="2" bgcolor="blue" \| <div style="text-align: center;"> '''<span style="color:#FFFFFF">Rainy</span>'''</div> \|} == Climate change == {{Excerpt\|Climate change in the Philippines}} == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist\|30em\|refs= <ref name=Seasons>{{cite web \|url=https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/climate-of-the-philippines \|title=Climate of the Philippines \|work=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration \|access-date=November 26, 2015 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115114718/https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/climate-of-the-philippines \|archive-date=November 15, 2015 }}</ref> }} == Sources == {{refbegin\|30em}} * {{cite book \| last1 = Coronas \| first1 = José \| title = The Climate and Weather of the Philippines, 1903 – 1918 \| publisher = Bureau of Philippines \| location = Manila Observatory \| date = 1920 \| url = http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/agh9000.0001.001 }} * {{cite book \| series = World Survey of Climatology \| volume = 8: Climates of Northern and Eastern Asia \| title = Ch. 3: Climate of the Philippines \| last1 = Flores \| first1 = J. F. \| last2 = Balagot \| first2 = V. F. \| date = 1969 \| isbn = 978-0444407047 \| publisher = Elsevier \| editor1-first = Hidetoshi \| editor1-last = Arakawa }} * {{cite book \| title = Climate of the Philippines \| first1 = R. L. \| last1 = Kintanar \| author1-link = Roman Kintanar \| publisher = PAGASA \| date = 1984 }} {{refend}} [[Category:Climate of the Philippines\| ]] [[Category:Geography of the Philippines]]'
Unified diff of changes made by edit (`edit_diff`)	'@@ -528,6 +528,5 @@ == Seasons == The climate of the country is divided into two main seasons: -# the rainy season, from June to the early part of October; -# the dry season, from the later part of October to May. The dry season may be subdivided further into (a) the cool dry season, from the later part of October to February; and (b) the hot dry season, from March to May.<ref name=Seasons /> The months of April and May, the hot and dry months when schools are on their long break between academic years, is referred to as [[summer]] while in most of the [[northern Hemisphere\|northern hemisphere]] those months are part of [[Spring (season)\|spring]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/weather/pagasa-statement-philippines-hot-dry-season-summer-begins-march-26-2021\|title='Summer' is here: Philippines' hot dry season begins\|publisher=[[Rappler]]\|date=26 March 2021\|access-date=5 November 2021}}</ref> +# t {\|class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; font-size=92%;" \|- '
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Lines removed in edit (`removed_lines`)	[ 0 => '# the rainy season, from June to the early part of October; ', 1 => '# the dry season, from the later part of October to May. The dry season may be subdivided further into (a) the cool dry season, from the later part of October to February; and (b) the hot dry season, from March to May.<ref name=Seasons /> The months of April and May, the hot and dry months when schools are on their long break between academic years, is referred to as [[summer]] while in most of the [[northern Hemisphere\|northern hemisphere]] those months are part of [[Spring (season)\|spring]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/weather/pagasa-statement-philippines-hot-dry-season-summer-begins-march-26-2021\|title='Summer' is here: Philippines' hot dry season begins\|publisher=[[Rappler]]\|date=26 March 2021\|access-date=5 November 2021}}</ref>' ]
All external links added in the edit (`added_links`)	[]
All external links removed in the edit (`removed_links`)	[ 0 => 'https://www.rappler.com/nation/weather/pagasa-statement-philippines-hot-dry-season-summer-begins-march-26-2021' ]
All external links in the new text (`all_links`)	[ 0 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151115114718/https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/climate-of-the-philippines', 1 => 'https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/climate-of-the-philippines', 2 => 'http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/browse?s=b&p=4', 3 => 'http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/about-tropical-cyclone#classification-of-tc', 4 => 'https://ane4bf-datap1.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wmocms/s3fs-public/modified_tcws_for_wmo.pdf?TJ91amk3aBWGjDIRIk7fnmANc3keuUlq', 5 => 'https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320622312', 6 => 'http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm', 7 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20130525212029/http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm', 8 => 'http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/B2.html', 9 => 'https://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learning-tools/tropical-cyclone-wind-signal', 10 => 'https://news.abs-cbn.com/amp/news/03/23/22/pagasa-redefines-super-typhoon-tweaks-wind-signals', 11 => 'http://en.climate-data.org/location/1952/', 12 => 'http://en.climate-data.org/location/20831/', 13 => 'http://en.climate-data.org/location/3183/', 14 => 'http://en.climate-data.org/location/997978/', 15 => 'https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/', 16 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20211018023621/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/philippines/climate-data-historical', 17 => 'https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/2017_Climate%20Change%20Risk%20Profile_Philippines.pdf', 18 => 'https://www.unocha.org/philippines/about-ocha-philippines', 19 => 'https://www.adrc.asia/nationinformation.php?NationCode=608', 20 => 'https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ClRes..12...97P', 21 => 'https://doi.org/10.3354%2Fcr012097', 22 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/24866004', 23 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/25798831', 24 => 'https://doi.org/10.1355%2FCS29-2C', 25 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0129-797X', 26 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/24582389', 27 => 'https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fwbro%2Flkt009', 28 => 'https://hdl.handle.net/10986%2F22565', 29 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0257-3032', 30 => 'http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/agh9000.0001.001' ]
Links in the page, before the edit (`old_links`)	[ 0 => 'http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/browse?s=b&p=4', 1 => 'http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/agh9000.0001.001', 2 => 'http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/B2.html', 3 => 'http://en.climate-data.org/location/1952/', 4 => 'http://en.climate-data.org/location/20831/', 5 => 'http://en.climate-data.org/location/3183/', 6 => 'http://en.climate-data.org/location/997978/', 7 => 'http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/about-tropical-cyclone#classification-of-tc', 8 => 'http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm', 9 => 'https://www.adrc.asia/nationinformation.php?NationCode=608', 10 => 'https://news.abs-cbn.com/amp/news/03/23/22/pagasa-redefines-super-typhoon-tweaks-wind-signals', 11 => 'https://ane4bf-datap1.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wmocms/s3fs-public/modified_tcws_for_wmo.pdf?TJ91amk3aBWGjDIRIk7fnmANc3keuUlq', 12 => 'https://www.rappler.com/nation/weather/pagasa-statement-philippines-hot-dry-season-summer-begins-march-26-2021', 13 => 'https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ClRes..12...97P', 14 => 'https://hdl.handle.net/10986%2F22565', 15 => 'https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320622312', 16 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20130525212029/http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm', 17 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151115114718/https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/climate-of-the-philippines', 18 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20211018023621/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/philippines/climate-data-historical', 19 => 'https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/2017_Climate%20Change%20Risk%20Profile_Philippines.pdf', 20 => 'https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fwbro%2Flkt009', 21 => 'https://doi.org/10.1355%2FCS29-2C', 22 => 'https://doi.org/10.3354%2Fcr012097', 23 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/24582389', 24 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/24866004', 25 => 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/25798831', 26 => 'https://www.unocha.org/philippines/about-ocha-philippines', 27 => 'https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/', 28 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0129-797X', 29 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0257-3032', 30 => 'https://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learning-tools/tropical-cyclone-wind-signal', 31 => 'https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/climate-of-the-philippines' ]
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (`tor_exit_node`)	false
Unix timestamp of change (`timestamp`)	'1675980231'