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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '[[File:SanPedroNave1.jpg|thumb|250px|View from the southwest]]
'''San Pedro de la Nave''' ("St. Peter of the Nave") is an [[Early Middle Ages|Early Medieval]] church in the [[province of Zamora]], [[Spain]]. It is in the locality of [[El Campillo (Zamora)|El Campillo]] in the municipal unit of [[San Pedro de la Nave-Almendra]]. It was moved from its original site near the [[River Esla]] when the land was to be flooded by the construction of the [[Ricobayo Arch Bridge|Ricobayo reservoir]].
The church, one of the oldest churches in Spain, is of architectural interest and is being considered for [[World Heritage Site]] status along with nine other [[Mozarabic art and architecture|Mozarabic]] sites.
It is currently on a "tentative list" (part of the [[World Heritage Site#Nominating process|nominating process]]).<ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6377/ |title=Group of Mozarabic buildings on the Iberian Peninsula |access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref>
==History==
The traditional interpretation is that the church foundation goes back to the reign of [[Egica]] in the seventh century, having been built between 680 and before the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Muslim conquest]] of [[Hispania]] in 711; San Pedro de la Nave would thus be one of the last works of [[Visigothic architecture]]. However, the most recent archaeological studies have proven it to be not Visigothic, but Mozarabic (so, [[9th century]] or [[10th century]] in date).<ref>Walker, R. 2016. ''Art in Spain and Portugal from the Romans to the Early Middle Ages''. Late Antique and Early Medieval Iberia 1 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press).</ref><ref>Caballero Zoreda, L. 2000. ‘La arquitectura denominada de época visigoda, ¿es realmente tardorromana o prerrománica?’ in Luis Caballero Zoreda and Pedro Mateos Cruz (eds.). ''Visigodos y Omeyas. Un debate entre la Antigüedad tardía y la alta Edad Media'', 207-48. Anejos a AEspA 23 (Madrid: CSIC).</ref>
[[File:SanPedroNave2.jpg|thumb|left|View from the southeast]]
The church's first design corresponded to a [[Roman cross]] in plan, although later two lateral naves were added, which gave it a hybrid shape between [[basilica]]l and cruciform. It also has five rooms, two on each side of the [[presbytery (architecture)|Presbytery]], that must have served as hermits' cells. In sum a rectangular plan of approximately 5.6 by 2.1 meters is established, from which eight chapels project: the rectangular central [[apse|apsidal chapel]] and two others at the ends of the [[transept]]. The central nave, as is usually the case, is taller and wider than the aisles and is separated from them by arches supported by strong pillars.
==Description==
The roof of the church is supported by a [[barrel vault]], but while the vault of the nave and the aisles retains its original stone structure, the western sections of the building are vaulted in brick from the earlier springing points of the ashlar masonry. The arches used are of the [[Horseshoe arch|horseshoe type]] (greater than half a circle) of Visigothic architecture. The two arches perpendicular to the axis of the nave spring from impost blocks supported on columns attached to the piers. The arch opening onto the [[apse]] is a tighter horseshoe shape resting on two columns in the jambs of the opening.
[[File:San Pedro de la Nave capitel.JPG|thumb|250px|Detail of a capital in which is represented ''[[Binding of Isaac|The Sacrifice of Isaac]]'']]
The decoration of the church is among the most outstanding of pre-Romanesque architecture. There are two types of elements, deriving from different artistic conceptions and different craftsmen: first, a wide frieze corresponding to a course of the ashlar masonry, which shows a successions of circles with various vegetal and animal motives; second, the [[Capital (architecture)|capitals]] of the engaged columns. These are of an excellent workmanship superior to that of the frieze. They show biblical scenes such as ''Daniel in the Lion's Den'' or ''The Sacrifice of Isaac''. Their abacus blocks are decorated with volutes containing human and animal figures.
There is also a sun-dial inscribed on a stone in the interior wall of the church. The clock was never finished.
==Conservation==
It was declared a [[National Monument (Spain)|national monument]] on April 22, 1912.
Originally the church was sited on the banks of the river [[Esla River|Esla]], but, when the [[Ricobayo|Ricobayo dam]] was built, creating a reservoir, the building was moved to avoid submersion in the higher waters of the Esla. Thanks to the efforts of [[Manuel Gómez-Moreno Martínez|Manuel Gómez-Moreno]], it was decided that the church would be moved stone by stone to its current location. This operation was carried out in 1930-32, under the direction of the architect [[Alejandro Ferrant Vázquez]].
==See also==
* [[List of oldest church buildings]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://sanpedrodelanave.blogspot.com Official Blog of the Parish of San Pedro de la Nave]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071116022655/http://www.circuloromanico.com/ El Portal del Arte Románico; Visigothic, Mozarabe and Romanesque Art in Spain.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070204020041/http://www.romanicozamorano.com/zamora/s_pedro_nave/san_pedro_de_la_nave.htm San Pedro de la Nave webpage ] {{in lang|es}}
* [http://www.romanicozamorano.com/ The Romanesque in Zamora] {{in lang|es}}
* [http://cdm16028.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/111171 The Art of medieval Spain, A.D. 500-1200], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on San Pedro de la Nave (p. 15-16)
{{coord|41.5833|N|5.96425|W|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Zamora]]
[[Category:9th-century churches in Spain]]
[[Category:10th-century churches in Spain]]
[[Category:Churches in Castile and León|Pedro de la Nave]]
[[Category:Pre-Romanesque architecture in Spain]]
[[Category:Relocated buildings and structures]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '[[File:SanPedroNave1.jpg|thumb|250px|View from the southwest]]
'''San Pedro de la Nave''' ("St. Peter of the Nave") is an [[Early Middle Ages|Early Medieval]] church in the [[province of Zamora]], [[Spain]]. It is in the locality of [[El Campillo (Zamora)|El Campillo]] in the municipal unit of [[San Pedro de la Nave-Almendra]]. It was moved from its original site near the [[River Esla]] when the land was to be flooded by the construction of the [[Ricobayo Arch Bridge|Ricobayo reservoir]].
The church, one of the oldest churches in Spain, is of architectural interest and is being considered for [[World Heritage Site]] status along with nine other [[Mozarabic art and architecture|Mozarabic]] sites.
It is currently on a "tentative list" (part of the [[World Heritage Site#Nominating process|nominating process]]).<ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6377/ |title=Group of Mozarabic buildings on the Iberian Peninsula |access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref>
==History==
The traditional interpretation is that the church foundation goes back to the reign of [[Egica]] in the seventh century, having been built between 680 and before the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Muslim conquest]] of [[Hispania]] in 711; San Pedro de la Nave would thus be one of the last works of [[Visigothic architecture]].
[[File:SanPedroNave2.jpg|thumb|left|View from the southeast]]
The church's first design corresponded to a [[Roman cross]] in plan, although later two lateral naves were added, which gave it a hybrid shape between [[basilica]]l and cruciform. It also has five rooms, two on each side of the [[presbytery (architecture)|Presbytery]], that must have served as hermits' cells. In sum a rectangular plan of approximately 5.6 by 2.1 meters is established, from which eight chapels project: the rectangular central [[apse|apsidal chapel]] and two others at the ends of the [[transept]]. The central nave, as is usually the case, is taller and wider than the aisles and is separated from them by arches supported by strong pillars.
==Description==
The roof of the church is supported by a [[barrel vault]], but while the vault of the nave and the aisles retains its original stone structure, the western sections of the building are vaulted in brick from the earlier springing points of the ashlar masonry. The arches used are of the [[Horseshoe arch|horseshoe type]] (greater than half a circle) of Visigothic architecture. The two arches perpendicular to the axis of the nave spring from impost blocks supported on columns attached to the piers. The arch opening onto the [[apse]] is a tighter horseshoe shape resting on two columns in the jambs of the opening.
[[File:San Pedro de la Nave capitel.JPG|thumb|250px|Detail of a capital in which is represented ''[[Binding of Isaac|The Sacrifice of Isaac]]'']]
The decoration of the church is among the most outstanding of pre-Romanesque architecture. There are two types of elements, deriving from different artistic conceptions and different craftsmen: first, a wide frieze corresponding to a course of the ashlar masonry, which shows a successions of circles with various vegetal and animal motives; second, the [[Capital (architecture)|capitals]] of the engaged columns. These are of an excellent workmanship superior to that of the frieze. They show biblical scenes such as ''Daniel in the Lion's Den'' or ''The Sacrifice of Isaac''. Their abacus blocks are decorated with volutes containing human and animal figures.
There is also a sun-dial inscribed on a stone in the interior wall of the church. The clock was never finished.
==Conservation==
It was declared a [[National Monument (Spain)|national monument]] on April 22, 1912.
Originally the church was sited on the banks of the river [[Esla River|Esla]], but, when the [[Ricobayo|Ricobayo dam]] was built, creating a reservoir, the building was moved to avoid submersion in the higher waters of the Esla. Thanks to the efforts of [[Manuel Gómez-Moreno Martínez|Manuel Gómez-Moreno]], it was decided that the church would be moved stone by stone to its current location. This operation was carried out in 1930-32, under the direction of the architect [[Alejandro Ferrant Vázquez]].
==See also==
* [[List of oldest church buildings]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://sanpedrodelanave.blogspot.com Official Blog of the Parish of San Pedro de la Nave]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071116022655/http://www.circuloromanico.com/ El Portal del Arte Románico; Visigothic, Mozarabe and Romanesque Art in Spain.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070204020041/http://www.romanicozamorano.com/zamora/s_pedro_nave/san_pedro_de_la_nave.htm San Pedro de la Nave webpage ] {{in lang|es}}
* [http://www.romanicozamorano.com/ The Romanesque in Zamora] {{in lang|es}}
* [http://cdm16028.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/111171 The Art of medieval Spain, A.D. 500-1200], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on San Pedro de la Nave (p. 15-16)
{{coord|41.5833|N|5.96425|W|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Zamora]]
[[Category:9th-century churches in Spain]]
[[Category:10th-century churches in Spain]]
[[Category:Churches in Castile and León|Pedro de la Nave]]
[[Category:Pre-Romanesque architecture in Spain]]
[[Category:Relocated buildings and structures]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@
==History==
-The traditional interpretation is that the church foundation goes back to the reign of [[Egica]] in the seventh century, having been built between 680 and before the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Muslim conquest]] of [[Hispania]] in 711; San Pedro de la Nave would thus be one of the last works of [[Visigothic architecture]]. However, the most recent archaeological studies have proven it to be not Visigothic, but Mozarabic (so, [[9th century]] or [[10th century]] in date).<ref>Walker, R. 2016. ''Art in Spain and Portugal from the Romans to the Early Middle Ages''. Late Antique and Early Medieval Iberia 1 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press).</ref><ref>Caballero Zoreda, L. 2000. ‘La arquitectura denominada de época visigoda, ¿es realmente tardorromana o prerrománica?’ in Luis Caballero Zoreda and Pedro Mateos Cruz (eds.). ''Visigodos y Omeyas. Un debate entre la Antigüedad tardía y la alta Edad Media'', 207-48. Anejos a AEspA 23 (Madrid: CSIC).</ref>
+The traditional interpretation is that the church foundation goes back to the reign of [[Egica]] in the seventh century, having been built between 680 and before the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Muslim conquest]] of [[Hispania]] in 711; San Pedro de la Nave would thus be one of the last works of [[Visigothic architecture]].
[[File:SanPedroNave2.jpg|thumb|left|View from the southeast]]
The church's first design corresponded to a [[Roman cross]] in plan, although later two lateral naves were added, which gave it a hybrid shape between [[basilica]]l and cruciform. It also has five rooms, two on each side of the [[presbytery (architecture)|Presbytery]], that must have served as hermits' cells. In sum a rectangular plan of approximately 5.6 by 2.1 meters is established, from which eight chapels project: the rectangular central [[apse|apsidal chapel]] and two others at the ends of the [[transept]]. The central nave, as is usually the case, is taller and wider than the aisles and is separated from them by arches supported by strong pillars.
' |
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Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | '1677856767' |