Examine individual changes

'{{Infobox country |image_map= Gidhaur during the early 19th century.jpg |image_map_caption= Gidhaur (Guidore) and its surrounding area in the early 19th century |native_name = |conventional_long_name = Gidhaur Raj |common_name = Gidhaur |religion = [[Hinduism]] |era = [[Medieval India|Middle Ages]] |status = * Independent (till 1570s) * Tributary of the Mughal Empire (1570s onwards)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Raza Khan |first1=Ahsan |title=Chieftains in the Mughal Empire During the Reign of Akbar |date=1977 |publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Studies |isbn=9780896843769 |pages=170–171 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shAdAAAAMAAJ&q=gidhaur+chieftaincy}}</ref> |government_type = |life_span = |year_start = 13th century |year_end = 1952 |event_start = |date_start = |event1 = |date_event1 = |event2 = |date_event2 = |event_end = |date_end = |capital = [[Gidhaur]] |leader1 = |leader2 = |year_leader1 = |year_leader2 = |title_leader = }} The '''Gidhaur Chieftaincy''' was a principality which controlled parts of South [[Bihar]] for much of the medieval period in [[India]]. The chieftaincy was named after the town of Gidhaur in [[Jamui district]] but its territory extended into the wider region.<ref name="Ansari2019">{{cite book|author=Tahir Hussain Ansari|title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT234|date=20 June 2019|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-00-065152-2|pages=234–240}}</ref> ==Origins== [[File:Gidhaur lalkothi.jpg|thumb|200px|Lalkothi palace which belonged to the [[Gidhaur]] estate]] The Gidhaur chieftaincy was founded by Bir Bikram Shah who was a [[Chandel (Rajput clan)|Chandel]] [[Rajput]]. The family accounts detail that his family originally held a small chieftaincy in [[Mahoba]] in [[Bundelkhand]] but were driven out by various foreign incursions including the invasion of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]].<ref name="Bose2019">{{cite book|author=Ruma Bose|title=Walking with Pilgrims: The Kanwar Pilgrimage of Bihar, Jharkhand and the Terai of Nepal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUuxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT133|date=23 September 2019|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-00-073250-4|page=133}}</ref> From here they arrived in the [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]] area where they established the estate of Bardi. Bir Bikram Shah, who was the younger brother of the chief of Bardi, left his home and arrived in South Bihar where he established his power in the region by defeating the chief, Nagoria in 1262. From here, he continued to expand the extent of his chiefdom.<ref name="Ansari2019" /> The Gidhaur chiefs were part of a larger movement of Rajput immigrants into Bihar from the 13th century onwards which included the rulers of [[Kharagpur Raj]] and [[Deo Raj]].<ref name="Prakash2003">{{cite book|author=Gyan Prakash|title=Bonded Histories: Genealogies of Labor Servitude in Colonial India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQFvks7lahoC|date=30 October 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52658-6|page=64}}</ref> Raja Dalan Singh got farman from Emperor Shah Jahan and in the war of succession, the two sons of the emperor, Shah Shuja and Dara Shikoh, sought the king's help and promised that the estate of Kharagpur would be given to him if he won. By the time when Raja Shyam Singh's elder son Raja Amar Singh sat on the throne, the British rule had started spreading in the country. ==History== ===Mughal period=== After Bir Bikram Shah's death in 1339, he was succeeded by various descendants however Raghunath Singh was the first of his descendants to receive much attention in sources from the time. The 16th-century historian, [[Abbas Sarwani]] noted that Raghunath Singh accepted the rule of [[Sher Shah Suri]] and assisted him in his war against [[Humayun]]. Such was Sher Shah's trust in him, that he was even deputed to escort Saif Khan. His son was Bariar Singh who ruled Gidhaur till 1572. After Bariar Singh came Raja Puran Mal who was a contemporary of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Akbar]].<ref name="Ansari2019" /> In 1580, Puran Mal joined a rebellion against the imperial authority which was led by Masum Khan Kabuli. [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abu Fazl]] detailed that Puran Mal rescued Masum Khan and his soldiers from [[Munger]] where they were trapped by Mughal soldiers. Puran Mal's disloyalty to the Mughals seems to have been temporary however as later sources note that he served with the Mughal commander, [[Shahbaz Khan Kamboh]] in an expedition against the [[Afghans]].<ref>{{cite journal | title=Landed Aristocracy and the Peasantry in Medieval Bhagalpur | author=Yogendra Roy | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume = 59| year=1998 | pages= 279–286|jstor = 44146998}}</ref> His son, Hari Singh, was kept as a hostage for the Mughals to ensure his continued compliance with the imperial authority. Puran Mal also engaged in multiple clashes with the neighbouring chief of [[Kharagpur Raj]], Sangram Singh and the two Raja’s were known to have a deep enmity.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Chieftains in Bihar During the Mughal Period | author=Ahmed Raza Khan | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume = 48| year=1987 | pages= 197–205|jstor = 44141673}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title=Significance of Teliagarhi Fort during the Seventeenth Century | author=Yogendra Roy | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume = 62| year=2001 | pages= 1069–1077|jstor = 44155847}}</ref> After Pural Mal's death, the chiefs of Gidhaur seemed to have maintained their loyalty to the Mughal authorities and supported them in various expeditions. In the war of succession between [[Dara Shikoh]] and [[Shah Shuja (Mughal prince)|Shah Shuja]] in 1658, both princes appealed for the assistance of Raja Dal Singh of Gidhaur who ended up supporting the former. ===British period=== The [[British East India Company]] assumed control of the region in the 18th century. The Gidhaur chief, Raja Jai Mangal Singh assisted them during the suppression of [[Santhal rebellion]] and the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian rebellion of 1857]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/invention-of-tradition/B9973971357795DC86BE856F321C34B3|title=The Invention of Tradition|date=March 2012|website=Cambridge Core|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29}}</ref> For his services, he was granted the title of [[Maharaja]] and made an [[Order of the Star of India|Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] in 1865.<ref name="Ansari2019" /> ==Notable rulers== Gidhaur was ruled by the following Rajas after its establishment:<ref name="Ansari2019" /> * Bir Bikram Singh - founder of Gidhaur * Raghunath Singh - ally of [[Sher Shah Suri]] * Raja [[Pural Mal of Gidhaur|Puran Mal]] * Raja Bisambhar Singh * Raja Dalar Singh * Raja Srikrishna Singh 1717 * Raja Praduman Singh (1717-1725) * Raja Shyam Singh (1725- 1741) * Raja Amar Singh (1741-1765) * Raja Bharat Singh * Raja Gopal Singh * Raja Jaswant Singh * Raja Nawab Singh * Maharaja Bahadur Jai Mangal Singh * Maharaja Bahadur Shiv Prasad Singh * Maharaja Bahadur Ravneshwar Singh * Maharaja Bahadur Chandramoleshwar Singh * Maharaja Bahadur Chandrachud Singh * Maharaja Bahadur Pratap Singh ==See also== *[[Zamindars of Bihar]] == References == {{reflist}} <!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --> [[Category:Dynasties of India]] [[Category:Rajput estates]] [[Category:Kingdoms of Bihar]]'