Examine individual changes

[ 0 => '{{short description|City in Texas, United States}}', 1 => '{{Distinguish|Tyler County, Texas|Taylor, Texas}}', 2 => '{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2020}}', 3 => '{{Infobox settlement', 4 => '| name = Tyler, Texas', 5 => '| official_name = City of Tyler', 6 => '| settlement_type = [[City]]', 7 => '| image_skyline = {{multiple image', 8 => '|total_width=290px', 9 => '|perrow=1/2/2', 10 => '|border=infobox', 11 => '|caption_align=center', 12 => '| image1 = Tyler May 2016 42 (People's Petroleum Building and Plaza Tower).jpg', 13 => '| alt1 =', 14 => '| caption1 = Downtown', 15 => '| image2 = Tyler May 2016 01 (D. K. Caldwell Auditorium).jpg', 16 => '| alt2 =', 17 => '| caption2 = Caldwell Auditorium', 18 => '| image3 = TylerCityHall1.JPG', 19 => '| alt3 =', 20 => '| caption3 = City Hall', 21 => '|image4 = Tyler May 2016 35 (Smith County Courthouse).jpg', 22 => '| alt4 =', 23 => '| caption4 = [[Smith County, Texas|Smith County]] Courthouse', 24 => '| image5 = Tyler May 2016 43 (KLTV).jpg', 25 => '| alt5 =', 26 => '| caption5 = [[KLTV]] headquarters', 27 => '}}', 28 => '| image_blank_emblem = Seal of Tyler, Texas.png', 29 => '| blank_emblem_size = 80px', 30 => '| blank_emblem_type = [[Wordmark]]', 31 => '| nickname = Rose City, Rose Capital, Rose Capital of America', 32 => '| motto = A Natural Beauty', 33 => '| image_map = Smith_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Tyler_highlighted.svg', 34 => '| mapsize = 250px', 35 => '| map_caption = Location in [[Smith County, Texas|Smith County]] and the state of [[Texas]]', 36 => '| coordinates = {{coord|32|21|03|N|95|18|02|W|region:US-TX|display=inline,title}}', 37 => '| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]', 38 => '| subdivision_name = {{flag|United States}}', 39 => '| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]', 40 => '| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Texas}}', 41 => '| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Texas|County]]', 42 => '| subdivision_name2 = [[Smith County, Texas|Smith]]', 43 => '| established_title = Founded', 44 => '| established_date = 1846', 45 => '| named_for = [[John Tyler]], 10th U.S. president', 46 => '| leader_title = [[Mayor]]', 47 => '| leader_name = [[Don Warren (politician)|Don Warren]] ([[Republican Party (U.S.)|R]])', 48 => '| leader_title1 = [[City Council]]', 49 => '| leader_name1 = {{collapsible list|bullets=yes', 50 => '| title = Members', 51 => '| 1 = Linda Sellers', 52 => '| 2 = Broderick McGee', 53 => '| 3 = Shirley McKellar', 54 => '| 4 = James Wynne', 55 => '| 5 = Bob Westbrook', 56 => '| 6 = Brad Curtis', 57 => '}}', 58 => '| leader_title2 = [[City Manager]]', 59 => '| leader_name2 = Edward Broussard', 60 => '| unit_pref = Imperial', 61 => '| area_total_km2 = 150.15', 62 => '| area_total_sq_mi = 57.97', 63 => '| area_land_km2 = 148.81', 64 => '| area_land_sq_mi = 57.45', 65 => '| area_water_km2 = 1.34', 66 => '| area_water_sq_mi = 0.52', 67 => '| elevation_m = 165 <!--USGS-->', 68 => '| elevation_ft = 544 <!--USGS-->', 69 => '| population_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau"/>', 70 => '| population_total = 105995', 71 => '| population_as_of = 2020', 72 => '| population_rank = US: [[List of United States cities by population|281st]]', 73 => '| pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="US Census Bureau">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/tylercitytexas/PST045221 |date=July 1, 2021 |title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates |publisher=US Census Bureau |access-date=May 28, 2022}}</ref>', 74 => '| population_est = 107192', 75 => '| pop_est_as_of = 2021', 76 => '| population_density_km2 = 718.95', 77 => '| population_density_sq_mi = 1862.10', 78 => '| population_urban = 130,247 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|247th]])', 79 => '| population_metro = 233,479 (US: [[List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas|200th]])', 80 => '| timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CST]]', 81 => '| utc_offset = −6', 82 => '| timezone_DST = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CDT]]', 83 => '| utc_offset_DST = −5', 84 => '| population_demonym = Tylerite', 85 => '| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s', 86 => '| postal_code = 757xx', 87 => '| area_code = [[Area codes 430 and 903|430, 903]]', 88 => '| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]', 89 => '| blank_info = 48-74144<ref name="US Census Bureau"/>', 90 => '| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID', 91 => '| blank1_info = 1348998<ref name="GR3">{{cite web |url=http://geonames.usgs.gov |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=US Board on Geographic Names |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>', 92 => '| blank2_name = [[U.S. routes]]', 93 => '| blank2_info = [[File:US 69.svg|26px|link=U.S. Route 69 (Texas)]] [[File:US 271.svg|31px|link=U.S. Route 271 (Texas)]]', 94 => '| blank3_name = Major state highways', 95 => '| blank3_info = [[File:Texas 31.svg|27px|link=Texas State Highway 31]] [[File:Texas 64.svg|27px|link=Texas State Highway 64]] [[File:Texas 110.svg|27px|link=Texas State Highway 110]] [[File:Texas 155.svg|27px|link=Texas State Highway 155]] [[File:Texas Loop 323.svg|27px|link=Texas State Highway Loop 323]] [[File:Toll Texas 49 new.svg|27px|link=Texas State Highway Loop 49]]', 96 => '| blank1_name_sec2 = Primary airport', 97 => '| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tyler Pounds Regional Airport|Tyler Regional Airport]]', 98 => '| website = {{URL|http://www.cityoftyler.org}}', 99 => '| footnotes = ', 100 => '| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web |title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_48.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>', 101 => '}}', 102 => '', 103 => ''''Tyler''' is a city in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Texas]]. It is the [[county seat|seat of government]] of [[Smith County, Texas|Smith County]],<ref name="GR6">{{cite web |url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> and the largest city in [[Northeast Texas]]. With a 2020 census population of 105,995,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Geography Profile: Tyler city, Texas|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US4874144|access-date=2022-02-18|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Tyler was the [[List of cities in Texas by population|33rd most populous city in Texas]] and [[List of United States cities by population|299th in the United States]]. It is the principal city of the [[Tyler metropolitan area|Greater Tyler metropolitan statistical area]], which is the [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|198th most populous metropolitan area]] in the [[United States|U.S.]] and [[List of Texas metropolitan areas|16th in Texas]] after [[Waco metropolitan area|Waco]] and the [[Bryan–College Station|College Station–Bryan]] areas, with a population of 233,479 in 2020.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=2020 Population and Housing State Data|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|access-date=2022-02-18|website=Census.gov}}</ref>', 104 => '', 105 => 'The city is named for [[John Tyler]], the tenth [[President of the United States]]. In 1985, the international [[Adopt-a-Highway]] movement began in Tyler. After appeals from local [[Texas Department of Transportation]] officials, the local [[Civitan International]] chapter adopted a two-mile (three kilometer) stretch of [[U.S. Route 69 in Texas|U.S. Route 69]] to maintain. Drivers and other motorists traveling on this segment of U.S. 69 (between Tyler and nearby [[Lindale, Texas|Lindale]]) will see brown road signs that read, "First Adopt-A-Highway in the World".', 106 => '', 107 => 'Tyler is known as the "Rose Capital of America" (also the "Rose City" and the "Rose Capital of the World"),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://visittyler.com |title=Welcome to Tyler, Texas |author=Tyler Convention & Visitors Bureau |access-date=April 10, 2017}}</ref> a [[nickname]] it earned from a long history of [[rose]] production, cultivation, and processing. It is home to the largest [[rose garden]] in the United States, a 14-[[acre]] public garden complex that has over 38,000 rose bushes of at least 500 different varieties.<ref name="Recreation">{{Cite web |url=http://parksandrec.cityoftyler.org/ParkDirectory/TylerRoseGarden.aspx |title=City of Tyler – Parks and Recreation > Park Directory > Tyler Rose Garden |last=Recreation |first=City of Tyler – Parks and |website=parksandrec.cityoftyler.org |access-date=October 14, 2016}}</ref> The Tyler [[Rose Garden Center (Tyler, Texas)|Rose Garden Center]] is also home to the annual [[Texas Rose Festival]] which attracts thousands of tourists each October.<ref name="Recreation" />', 108 => '', 109 => 'As Northeast Texas and Smith County's major economic, educational, financial, medical and cultural hub, Tyler is host to more than 20,000 [[Higher education|higher-education]] students; the [[University of Texas at Tyler]]; a university health science center; and regional hospital systems. It is also the headquarters for [[Brookshire Grocery Company]], Cavender's, Southside Bank,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tylertexas.com/list/member/southside-bank-3621 |title=Southside Bank |website=www.tylertexas.com |language=en-US |access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/southsidebank |title=Southside Bank {{!}} LinkedIn |website=[[LinkedIn]]}}{{dead link|date=April 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and [[Synthesizers.com]]. Other corporations with major presence within the city and surrounding area include [[AT&T]], [[T-Mobile US]], [[Cricket Wireless]] and [[Metro by T-Mobile]], [[Chase Bank]], [[BBVA USA|BBVA]], [[Best Buy]], and [[Walmart]]. Tyler is also home to the [[Caldwell Zoo]] and [[Broadway Square Mall]].', 110 => '', 111 => '==History==', 112 => '', 113 => '{{see also|Timeline of Tyler, Texas}}', 114 => 'Legal recognition of Tyler was initiated by an act of the [[Texas Legislature|state legislature]] on 11 April 1846. The Texas government created Smith County and authorized a county seat.', 115 => '', 116 => 'The first plat designated a 28-block town site centered by a main square within a {{cvt|100|acre|ha sqmi|adj=on}} tract acquired by Smith County on 6 February 1847. The new town was named for [[John Tyler|President John Tyler]], who advocated for the [[Texas annexation|annexation of Texas]] by the United States. A log building on the square's north side served as a courthouse and public meeting hall until a brick courthouse displaced it in {{year|1852}}. On 29 January 1850, Tyler was incorporated. Early religious and social institutions included the First Baptist church and a Methodist church, a [[Masonic lodge]] and an [[Odd Fellows|Odd Fellows lodge]], and Tyler's first newspaper.<ref name="hto">{{cite web |series=Handbook of Texas Online |first=Christopher |last=Long |title=TYLER, TX |access-date=November 3, 2018 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdt04 |date=June 15, 2010 |publisher=Texas State Historical Association}}</ref>', 117 => '', 118 => 'Though Tyler's early economy from {{year|1847}}–{{year|1873}} was based on agriculture, it was also well-diversified during this period. Logging was a second major industry, while complementary manufacturing included metalworking, milling wood, and leather tanning. As the seat of Smith County, the town also benefited from government activity.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Register of Historic Places Form: People's National Bank Building |access-date=November 3, 2018 |page=7 |series=Texas Historic Sites Atlas |url=https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/NR/pdfs/02000896/02000896.pdf |last=Williams |first=Diane Elizabeth |date=June 20, 2001}}</ref> The local agricultural economy relied on [[Slavery in the United States|slave labor]] before the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. In 1860, the population of enslaved people in Smith County was 4,982, the 4th most in east Texas.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1860 |title=Population of the United States in 1860: Texas |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1860/population/1860a-34.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=10 October 2022 |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-17 |title=How farmland, timber and oil changed the face of East Texas forever |url=https://thetylerloop.com/how-farmland-timber-and-oil-changed-the-face-of-east-texas-forever/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=thetylerloop.com |language=en-US}}</ref>', 119 => '', 120 => 'By 1860, Tyler held over 1,000 enslaved persons, which represented 35 percent of the town's population. There was strong support for [[Secession in the United States|secession]] and the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] within Tyler, as a high percentage of its residents voted for secession and many of its men joined the [[Confederate States Army|Confederate Army]]. The town was secure enough for the Confederate States of America to establish the largest ordinance plant in [[Texas in the American Civil War|Texas]]. In 1870, Bonner and Williams established Tyler's first bank. Though both the [[Texas and Pacific Railroad]] and the International Railroad (Texas) eschewed routes through Tyler, the town gained an important rail connection when the [[Houston]] and Great Northern built a branch line in 1874.<ref name="hto" />', 121 => '', 122 => 'Toward the end of the nineteenth century, fruit orchards emerged as an important business in the regional economy. Eighty percent of the county's agricultural revenue derived from cotton as it persisted as the dominant crop in the first decades of the [[20th century in the United States|twentieth century]]. Peaches were the principal fruit crop as the county fruit tree inventory surpassed one million by 1900. Disease struck the peach trees, though, and local farmers moved toward growing roses by the 1920s. Twenty years later, most of the U.S. rose supply originated in the Tyler area.<ref name="hto" />', 123 => '', 124 => 'On 29 October 1895, an African American suspect named Robert Henry Hillard was burned at the stake in the Smith County Courthouse Square for the alleged murder of a nineteen-year-old white woman.<ref>''Galveston Daily News''. "Slowly Roasted." October 30, 1895.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">E. R. Bills. ''Black Holocaust: The Paris Horror and a Legacy of Texas Terror''. Fort Worth, Texas: Eakin Press, 2015</ref> Denied a trial and due process, Hillard was taken from law enforcement personnel by a white mob.<ref>''Dallas Morning News''. ""Roasted to Death." October 30, 1895.</ref> Hillard's executioners were never punished. Later, two entrepreneurs combined photographs from the actual lynching with others staged with actors and sold the 16-image production as a stereographic set. One of the original sets sits in the [[Library of Congress|United States Library of Congress]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/>', 125 => '', 126 => 'In 1912, Dan Davis, an African-American man suspected of attacking a sixteen-year-old white girl named Carrie Johnson, was burned at the stake in the Smith County Courthouse Square.<ref>''The New York Times''. "2,000 Aid in Burning Negro at the Stake." May 26, 1912.</ref><ref>''Granbury News''. "Negro Meets Death at Stake in Tyler." October 30, 1912.</ref><ref>''Dallas Morning News''. "Negro Meets Death at Stake in Tyler." May 26, 1912.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA"/>', 127 => '', 128 => 'In {{year|1971}}, the University of Texas system established the [[University of Texas at Tyler]] and [[Broadway Square Mall]] opened in {{year|1975}}.<ref>Paul T. Hellmann (2006). "Texas: Tyler". ''Historical Gazetteer of the United States''. Taylor & Francis. {{ISBN|1-135-94859-3}}.</ref> By 1980, the population grew to 70,508 and the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler]] and East Texas Islamic Society were established in the following years.<ref>"[https://texasalmanac.com/topics/population City Population History from 1850–2000: Tyler]", ''Texas Almanac'', Texas State Historical Association</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/usa |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses:The United States of America |website=Den katolske kirke |language=no |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tylerpaper.com/news/local/tyler-islamic-community-members-to-build-mosque-subdivision-on-rhones/article_1f2f6198-5e9c-5afd-be8e-83696b08f471.html |title=Tyler Islamic community members to build mosque, subdivision on Rhones Quarter Road |last=GUEVARA |first=EMILY |website=TylerPaper.com |language=en |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref>', 129 => '', 130 => 'During the [[2010 East Texas church burnings]], two Tyler churches were destroyed, and [[historic preservation]] city planning began in 2016 as the population increased and the city continued development.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tylerpreservationplan2016.wordpress.com/project-approach/home/about/ |title=About |date=2016-07-24 |website=Tyler Strategic Historic Preservation Plan |language=en |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref>', 131 => '', 132 => '==Geography==', 133 => 'The city of Tyler is in the [[Southern United States]], in [[Northeast Texas]]. It is sometimes considered part of the wider [[Ark-La-Tex]] region where [[Arkansas]], [[Louisiana]], and Texas meet. Tyler is located at {{Coord|32|21|03|N|95|18|02|W|region:US-TX_type:city}} and is {{cvt|544|ft|m|}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="GR1">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=April 23, 2011 |date=February 12, 2011 |title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The city is approximately {{cvt|38|mi|km|}} from [[Longview, Texas|Longview]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-longview-tx |title=Distance between Tyler, TX and Longview, TX |website=www.distance-cities.com |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> {{cvt|61|mi|km|}} from [[Marshall, Texas|Marshall]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-marshall-tx |title=Distance between Tyler, TX and Marshall, TX |website=www.distance-cities.com |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> {{cvt|100|mi|km|}} from [[Dallas]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-dallas-tx |title=Distance between Tyler, TX and Dallas, TX |website=www.distance-cities.com |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> {{cvt|132|mi|km|}} from [[Texarkana, Texas|Texarkana]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-texarkana-tx |title=Distance between Tyler, TX and Texarkana, TX |website=www.distance-cities.com |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> {{cvt|230|mi|km|}} from the state capital of [[Austin, Texas|Austin]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-austin-tx |title=Distance between Tyler, TX and Austin, TX |website=www.distance-cities.com |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> and {{cvt|98|mi|km|}} from [[Shreveport, Louisiana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-shreveport-la |title=Distance between Tyler, TX and Shreveport, LA |website=www.distance-cities.com |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref>', 134 => '', 135 => 'Tyler is the [[county seat|seat of government]] of [[Smith County, Texas|Smith County]], and is surrounded by many suburban communities, including [[Whitehouse, Texas|Whitehouse]], [[Lindale, Texas|Lindale]], [[New Chapel Hill, Texas|New Chapel Hill]], [[Bullard, Texas|Bullard]], [[Edom, Texas|Edom]], [[Brownsboro, Texas|Brownsboro]], [[Kilgore, Texas|Kilgore]], [[Flint, Texas|Flint]], and [[Chandler, Texas|Chandler]]. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has an area of {{cvt|57.97|sqmi|km2|}}, of which {{cvt|57.45|sqmi|km2|}} is land and {{cvt|0.52|sqmi|km2|}} is covered by water. Tyler is the principal city of the [[Tyler metropolitan area|Greater Tyler metropolitan area]], and a principal city in the Tyler–Longview area, a [[conurbation]] of the Tyler and [[Longview metropolitan area, Texas|Longview]] metropolitan and combined statistical areas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dallasfed.org:443/research/heart/tyler |title=At the Heart of Texas: Tyler–Longview |website=www.dallasfed.org |language=en |access-date=2020-03-13}}</ref>', 136 => '', 137 => '=== Cityscape ===', 138 => '[[File:Tyler, Texas.jpg|thumb|Downtown Tyler]]', 139 => 'Tyler has a modest skyline and downtown area. Downtown architecture features the [[Art Deco]] and [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] styles, many dating from the 19th and early 20th centuries. [[Modern architecture|Modernist]]- and [[Postmodern architecture|postmodernist]]-era structures are also present throughout the cityscape.', 140 => '', 141 => 'Central Tyler is anchored by Brick Streets Historic District and Charnwood Residential Historic District, areas characterized by dense retail, restaurants, nightlife, and historic landmarks. Brick Streets Historic District is the largest geographic area of Tyler. It encompasses 29 blocks and primarily consists of buildings constructed in the 1900s. The district area is predominantly residential though it sometimes serves as a mix-use district. Brick Streets Historic District has brick-paved streets and stone-lined drainage channels. Nearby, Charnwood is Tyler's first historic district.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://historictyler.org/wordpress/districts-properties/charnwood-district/ |title=Charnwood District {{!}} Historic Tyler, Inc. |language=en-US |access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> It comprises 12 blocks of late 19th and early 20th century architecture.', 142 => '', 143 => '=== Climate ===', 144 => 'Tyler experiences [[weather]] typical of [[East Texas]]. The region is located in the [[humid subtropical climate]] typical of the [[Southern United States|American South]].', 145 => '', 146 => 'Severe thunderstorms with heavy rain, [[hail]], damaging winds and [[tornado]]es occur in the area during the spring and summer months. Summer months are hot and humid, with maximum temperatures exceeding {{cvt|90|F|C|}} an average of 91 days per year, with high to very high relative average humidity.', 147 => '', 148 => 'The record high temperature for Tyler is {{cvt|115|°F|0|}}, which occurred in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.climatespy.com/climate/summary/united-states/texas/tyler-pounds-rgnl |title=Tyler, TX Climate |website=www.climatespy.com |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tylertexasweather.com/noaarecords.htm |title=Tyler Texas Weather - Providing real-time weather information to Tyler, Smith County, and East Texas |website=www.tylertexasweather.com |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> The record low for Tyler is {{cvt|-3|°F|0|}}, which occurred on 18 January 1930 and again on 16 February 2021 during the [[February 2021 North American cold wave]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wunderground.com/article/safety/winter/news/2021-02-14-record-cold-temperatures-plains-midwest-february |title=Coldest Outbreak in Over 30 Years Smashes Records in Southern Plains; Some Relief By Next Week |website=www.wunderground.com |access-date=2021-08-02}}</ref>', 149 => '', 150 => '{{Weather box', 151 => '|location = Tyler, Texas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1883–present)', 152 => '|single line = Y', 153 => '|Jan record high F = 87', 154 => '|Feb record high F = 90', 155 => '|Mar record high F = 92', 156 => '|Apr record high F = 94', 157 => '|May record high F = 102', 158 => '|Jun record high F = 105', 159 => '|Jul record high F = 108', 160 => '|Aug record high F = 110', 161 => '|Sep record high F = 109', 162 => '|Oct record high F = 100', 163 => '|Nov record high F = 88', 164 => '|Dec record high F = 84', 165 => '|year record high F = 110', 166 => '|Jan high F = 57.9', 167 => '|Feb high F = 62.6', 168 => '|Mar high F = 70.4', 169 => '|Apr high F = 77.3', 170 => '|May high F = 83.7', 171 => '|Jun high F = 89.9', 172 => '|Jul high F = 93.1', 173 => '|Aug high F = 93.6', 174 => '|Sep high F = 87.6', 175 => '|Oct high F = 78.1', 176 => '|Nov high F = 66.4', 177 => '|Dec high F = 58.8', 178 => '|year high F = 76.6', 179 => '|Jan mean F = 48.2', 180 => '|Feb mean F = 52.4', 181 => '|Mar mean F = 59.6', 182 => '|Apr mean F = 66.2', 183 => '|May mean F = 73.7', 184 => '|Jun mean F = 80.3', 185 => '|Jul mean F = 83.4', 186 => '|Aug mean F = 83.4', 187 => '|Sep mean F = 77.4', 188 => '|Oct mean F = 67.4', 189 => '|Nov mean F = 56.7', 190 => '|Dec mean F = 49.5', 191 => '|year mean F = 66.5', 192 => '|Jan low F = 38.5', 193 => '|Feb low F = 42.2', 194 => '|Mar low F = 48.7', 195 => '|Apr low F = 55.2', 196 => '|May low F = 63.7', 197 => '|Jun low F = 70.7', 198 => '|Jul low F = 73.6', 199 => '|Aug low F = 73.2', 200 => '|Sep low F = 67.2', 201 => '|Oct low F = 56.7', 202 => '|Nov low F = 47.0', 203 => '|Dec low F = 40.2', 204 => '|year low F = 56.4', 205 => '|Jan record low F = −3', 206 => '|Feb record low F = −6', 207 => '|Mar record low F = 13', 208 => '|Apr record low F = 27', 209 => '|May record low F = 37', 210 => '|Jun record low F = 47', 211 => '|Jul record low F = 51', 212 => '|Aug record low F = 47', 213 => '|Sep record low F = 36', 214 => '|Oct record low F = 24', 215 => '|Nov record low F = 10', 216 => '|Dec record low F = 0', 217 => '|year record low F = -6', 218 => '|precipitation colour = green', 219 => '|Jan precipitation inch = 3.95', 220 => '|Feb precipitation inch = 4.26', 221 => '|Mar precipitation inch = 4.25', 222 => '|Apr precipitation inch = 3.99', 223 => '|May precipitation inch = 4.32', 224 => '|Jun precipitation inch = 4.78', 225 => '|Jul precipitation inch = 2.72', 226 => '|Aug precipitation inch = 2.92', 227 => '|Sep precipitation inch = 3.23', 228 => '|Oct precipitation inch = 4.72', 229 => '|Nov precipitation inch = 3.84', 230 => '|Dec precipitation inch = 4.68', 231 => '|year precipitation inch = 47.66', 232 => '|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in', 233 => '|Jan precipitation days = 9.1', 234 => '|Feb precipitation days = 9.1', 235 => '|Mar precipitation days = 9.7', 236 => '|Apr precipitation days = 8.4', 237 => '|May precipitation days = 9.5', 238 => '|Jun precipitation days = 8.5', 239 => '|Jul precipitation days = 6.9', 240 => '|Aug precipitation days = 6.6', 241 => '|Sep precipitation days = 6.5', 242 => '|Oct precipitation days = 7.2', 243 => '|Nov precipitation days = 8.5', 244 => '|Dec precipitation days = 9.2', 245 => '|year precipitation days = 99.2', 246 => '|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name= nws>', 247 => '{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=shv |title=NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| access-date = August 20, 2021}}</ref><ref name=NCEI>', 248 => '{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00419207&format=pdf |title=Station: Tyler, TX |work=U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| access-date = August 20, 2021}}</ref>', 249 => '}}', 250 => '', 251 => '==Demographics==', 252 => '{{US Census population', 253 => '|1880= 2423', 254 => '|1890= 6908', 255 => '|1900= 8069', 256 => '|1910= 10400', 257 => '|1920= 12085', 258 => '|1930= 17113', 259 => '|1940= 28279', 260 => '|1950= 38968', 261 => '|1960= 51230', 262 => '|1970= 57770', 263 => '|1980= 70508', 264 => '|1990= 75450', 265 => '|2000= 83650', 266 => '|2010= 96900', 267 => '|2020= 105995', 268 => '|estyear=2021', 269 => '|estimate=107192', 270 => '|estref=<ref name="US Census Bureau"/>', 271 => '|align-fn=center', 272 => '|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |author=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=October 17, 2016}}</ref><br /> 2018 Estimate<ref name="2018 Pop Estimate">{{cite web |title=Population Estimates |url=https://census.gov/data/tables/2018/demo/popest/total-cities-and-towns.html |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=June 8, 2018}}</ref>', 273 => '}}', 274 => 'With a population of 2,423 at the [[1880 United States census]], the city of Tyler grew to become the most populous city in [[Northeast Texas]], and [[List of cities in Texas by population|33rd most populous in Texas]] as of 2020. Having a census-tabulated citywide population of 105,995 at the 2020 census,<ref name=":2" /> its [[Tyler metropolitan area|metropolitan statistical area]] became the second-largest in the region, behind the [[Longview metropolitan area, Texas|Longview metropolitan area]]. The Tyler metropolitan area had 233,479 residents in 2020,<ref name=":1" /> and the Tyler–Longview area had an estimated population of 371,015 in 2018. When the U.S. Census Bureau released population estimates for 2021, Tyler was estimated to have a population of 107,192 as of July 1, 2021.', 275 => '', 276 => 'Among the city's growing population as of 2019, there were 46,320 households and 43,733 housing units.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 ACS Selected Housing Characteristics |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4874144&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP04 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Of the units at the 2019 American Community Survey, 37,504 were occupied and the majority were [[Single-family detached home|single-unit detached homes]]. Tylerites had a home-ownership rate of 51.7%, and renters occupied 48.3% of the housing units from 2014 to 2019's census estimates. Owner-occupied housing units had a median cost of $164,700, and the median cost with a mortgage was $1,408 while houses without a mortgage had a median cost of $487; renters paid a median of $1,011 a month, and 1,148 rental-units had no rent paid among the population. Overall, the city of Tyler is more affordable than nearby [[Dallas]].', 277 => '', 278 => 'A predominantly [[Middle class|middle-class]] community, the city of Tyler had a [[median income]] of $52,294 and [[mean income]] of $75,349.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 ACS Annual Income Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4874144&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1901 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Families had a median income of $66,579; married-couple families $85,181; and non-family households $32,263. Down from a poverty rate of 16.7% in 2018,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Tyler%20city,%20Texas%20poverty&g=1600000US4874144&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1701&t=Poverty&layer=place |title=ACS 2018 Poverty Estimates |website=data.census.gov |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> approximately 12.6% of the population lived at or below the [[Poverty threshold|poverty line]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS 2019 Poverty Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4874144&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1701 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>', 279 => '', 280 => '=== Race and ethnicity ===', 281 => '{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"', 282 => '!Racial and ethnic composition', 283 => '!2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4874144&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>', 284 => '!2018<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ACS 2018 Demographic and Housing Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Tyler%20city,%20Texas&g=1600000US4874144&hidePreview=false&tid=ACSDP1Y2018.DP05&vintage=2018&layer=place&cid=DP05_0001E |access-date=2020-03-12 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>', 285 => '!2010<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Tyler, TX Population - Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts - CensusViewer |url=http://censusviewer.com/city/TX/Tyler |url-status=live |access-date=2022-02-27 |website= |publisher=CensusViewer}}</ref>', 286 => '!2000<ref name=":12" />', 287 => '|-', 288 => '|[[White American|White]]', 289 => '|', 290 => '|70.06%', 291 => '|', 292 => '|', 293 => '|-', 294 => '|—Non-Hispanic', 295 => '|47.91%', 296 => '|49.4%', 297 => '|60.51%', 298 => '|62.14%', 299 => '|-', 300 => '|[[Black American|Black or African American]]', 301 => '|22.76%', 302 => '|21.8%', 303 => '|24.75%', 304 => '|26.50%', 305 => '|-', 306 => '|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race)', 307 => '|22.66%', 308 => '|22.2%', 309 => '|21.17%', 310 => '|15.66%', 311 => '|-', 312 => '|[[Asian Americans]]', 313 => '|2.82%', 314 => '|3.4%', 315 => '|1.90%', 316 => '|0.98%', 317 => '|-', 318 => '|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]]', 319 => '|0.04%', 320 => '|0.02%', 321 => '|0.03%', 322 => '|0.04%', 323 => '|-', 324 => '|Two or more races', 325 => '|3.23%', 326 => '|2.0%', 327 => '|2.04%', 328 => '|1.63%', 329 => '|-', 330 => '|Some other race', 331 => '|0.33%', 332 => '|', 333 => '|', 334 => '|', 335 => '|-', 336 => '|}', 337 => '', 338 => 'As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 105,995 people, 37,114 households, and 23,081 families residing in the city. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city's ethnic makeup has become increasingly diverse, owing to immigration and internal migration.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Groskopf |first=Christopher |date=2011-08-14 |title=The Hacking Tyler, Texas, Project: Racial Diversity in Smith County |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/08/the-hacking-tyler-texas-project-racial-diversity-in-smith-county/241396/ |access-date=2020-06-29 |website=The Atlantic |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2020, its racial and ethnic makeup was 47.91% non-Hispanic white, 22.76% Black or African American, 22.66% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 2.82% Asian American, 0.04% Pacific Islander, and 3.23% two or more races, with 0.33% of some other race. There were 50,785 [[non-Hispanic white]] residents and 24,023 people of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] ancestry, of any race.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Race and Population Totals |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4874144&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Hispanic Population Totals |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4874144&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>', 339 => '', 340 => '=== Religion ===', 341 => '[[File:Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception - Tyler, Texas 01.jpg|alt=|thumb|Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, see of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler]]]]', 342 => '[[File:Tyler May 2016 12 (First Baptist Church).jpg|thumb|First Baptist Church of Tyler]]', 343 => 'A 2020 study by [[Sperling's BestPlaces]] found that 73.2% of residents of the Tyler area identified as religious or spiritual.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bestplaces.net/religion/city/texas/tyler |title=Tyler, Texas Religion |website=www.bestplaces.net |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> Tyler is considered to be located in the [[Bible Belt]], a region dominated by [[Protestantism|Protestant Christianity]]. There is also a significant [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] community. According to this 2020 study, 31.1% of Tylerite Christians identified as [[Baptists|Baptist]], primarily affiliated with the [[Baptist General Convention of Texas|Texas Baptists]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Texas Baptists - Churches |url=https://texasbaptists.org/churches/ |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=texasbaptists.org |language=en}}</ref> [[Southern Baptist Convention]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=SBC Churches Directory |url=https://churches.sbc.net/ |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=churches.sbc.net |language=en-US}}</ref> [[National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.|National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc]], [[National Baptist Convention of America International, Inc.|National Baptist Convention of America]], and [[Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship]]. The Roman Catholic community of Tyler and its metropolitan area have been primarily served by the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler]]. Following, 6.6% of the population were [[Methodism|Methodists]], mainly affiliated with the [[United Methodist Church]] and [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search - Find A Church |url=https://www.umc.org/en/find-a-church/search |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=The United Methodist Church |language=en}}</ref>', 344 => '', 345 => 'According to a separate 2020 study by the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]], Baptists, [[Nondenominational Christianity|non/inter-denominational Protestants]], and Roman Catholics constituted the largest share of [[Christendom]] for Tyler metropolitan area. The same study from the Association of Religion Data Archives tabulated 11,161 Methodists divided among the African Methodist Episcopal, [[Christian Methodist Episcopal Church|Christian Methodist Episcopal]], and United Methodist churches.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Maps and data files for 2020 |url=https://www.usreligioncensus.org/index.php/node/1639 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Religion Census Database}}</ref>', 346 => '', 347 => 'Per Sperling's, [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostals]] formed the fourth-largest Christian group in Tyler (5.2%) and the largest Pentecostal bodies within the area as of 2020 by both separate studies are the [[Church of God in Christ]], [[Assemblies of God USA]] and the [[United Pentecostal Church International|United Pentecostal Church]], prominent Trinitarian and [[Oneness Pentecostalism|Oneness Pentecostal]] denominations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find a Church |url=https://ag.org/Resources/Directories/Find%20a%20Church?C=Tyler&S=TX |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=ag.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=UPCI |title=Locate a Church {{!}} United Pentecostal Church Int. |url=https://www.upci.org/resources/locate-a-church/text-only |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=UPCI}}</ref> An estimated 1.2% of the religiously affiliated population were [[Latter Day Saint movement|Latter-day Saints]]. Of the Christian population, 0.9% identified as [[Anglicanism|Anglicans or Episcopalians]], 0.7% [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]], and 0.6% [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]. Roughly 13.6% of Tylerites are of another Christian faith including the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and [[Jehovah's Witnesses]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orthodox church breaks ground on new space |url=https://tylerpaper.com/lifestyle/faith/orthodox-church-breaks-ground-on-new-space/article_0c3d4349-06a9-5dc7-b6d7-4f69cf42816f.html |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=TylerPaper.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parishes - Texas |url=https://www.oca.org/parishes/state/TX |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=www.oca.org}}</ref>', 348 => '', 349 => 'The Anglican or Episcopalian community is divided between adherents of the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church in the United States]] and [[Anglican Church in North America]]. The Episcopal Church USA-affiliated [[Episcopal Diocese of Texas]] has congregations in Tyler. The Anglican Church in North America also has congregations in Tyler and its metropolitan area. The [[Diocese of Mid-America]] is the ACNA's diocese in Tyler, consisting of one church as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.acna.org/admin_units/30 |title=Anglican Church in North America |website=www.acna.org |access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> This diocese is also a member of the [[Reformed Episcopal Church]]. Presbyterian and Lutheran bodies operating in the area include the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)]] and [[Presbyterian Church in America]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presbyterian Church in America Directory |url=https://stat.pcanet.org/ac/directory/directory.cfm |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=stat.pcanet.org}}</ref> and the [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod|Lutheran Church (Missouri Synod)]] and [[North American Lutheran Church]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Church Directory |url=https://thenalc.org/search/%20/ |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=North American Lutheran Church |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Find A Church, School, Worker |url=https://locator.lcms.org/ |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod |language=en}}</ref> The Eastern Orthodox community is served by the [[Orthodox Church in America]]'s [[Orthodox Church in America Diocese of the South|Diocese of the South]] with its headquarters in nearby [[Dallas]].', 350 => '', 351 => 'The BestPlaces study found that approximately 0.1% of the city's population identified with [[Judaism]] (compared to a state average of 0.2%), while 0.4% considered themselves [[Islam|Muslim]]. The area's Islamic community is affiliated with the East Texas Islamic Society.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tylermuslims.com/about-etis.html |title=East Texas Islamic Society |publisher=Tylermuslims.com |date=May 29, 1988 |access-date=December 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315152250/http://www.tylermuslims.com/about-etis.html |archive-date=March 15, 2013}}</ref>', 352 => '', 353 => '==Economy==', 354 => '', 355 => '[[File:Venue Building, Tyler, TX IMG 0469.JPG|right|thumb|People's Petroleum building in downtown Tyler]]', 356 => '[[File:Tyler, TX, Chamber of Commerce office IMG 0543.JPG|thumb|right|Chamber of Commerce office in downtown Tyler]]', 357 => '', 358 => 'In addition to the city's role in the rose-growing industry, Tyler is the headquarters for [[Brookshire Grocery Company]], which operates Brookshire's, Fresh, Super 1 Foods, and Spring Market supermarkets in the Ark-La-Tex and parts of [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|Dallas–Fort Worth]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-25 |title=About Us |url=https://www.brookshires.com/about-us |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=Brookshire's Food & Pharmacy |language=en-US}}</ref> The company's main distribution center is in south Tyler, while SouthWest Foods, a subsidiary that processes dairy products, is just northeast of the city.', 359 => '', 360 => 'The city and metropolitan area also has a growing manufacturing sector including: Tyler Pipe, a subsidiary of [[McWane Inc.]] that produces soil and utility pipe products; [[Trane Technologies Inc.]], formerly a unit of [[American Standard Companies]], which manufactures [[air conditioning|air conditioners]] and [[heat pump]]s (this plant was originally built in 1955 by [[General Electric]]); [[Delek|Delek Refining]], an Israeli-owned [[oil refinery]] formerly La Gloria Oil and Gas Co (a [[Crown Central Petroleum]] [[subsidiary]]); PCSFerguson, an operating company of [[Dover Corporation]] that specializes in equipment for the measurement and production of [[natural gas]] using the plunger lift method; DYNAenergetics Tyler Distribution Center, part of DYNAenergetics USA, which manufactures perforating equipment and [[Explosive material|explosives]] for the [[Petroleum industry|oil and gas industry]]; and Vesuvius USA, a manufacturer of [[refractory]] [[Ceramic engineering|ceramics]] used in the [[Steel|steel industry]].', 361 => '', 362 => 'According to the city's 2012–2013 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>[http://www.cityoftyler.org/Portals/0/Documents/Finance%20Department/The%20City%20of%20Tyler%202013%20Audit.pdf City of Tyler 2012-2013 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, p. 136]. Retrieved April 11, 2014.</ref> the city's top ten employers were:', 363 => '', 364 => '{| class="wikitable"', 365 => '|-', 366 => '! #', 367 => '! Employer', 368 => '! # of Employees', 369 => '|-', 370 => '| 1', 371 => '|[[Trinity Mother Frances Health System]]', 372 => '| 3,775', 373 => '|-', 374 => '| 2', 375 => '|UT Health - Tyler', 376 => '| 3,153', 377 => '|-', 378 => '| 3', 379 => '|[[Brookshire Grocery Company]]', 380 => '| 2,599', 381 => '|-', 382 => '| 4', 383 => '|[[Tyler Independent School District]]', 384 => '| 2,468', 385 => '|-', 386 => '| 5', 387 => '|[[Trane Technologies]]', 388 => '| 1,500', 389 => '|-', 390 => '| 6', 391 => '|[[SuddenLink]]', 392 => '| 1,500', 393 => '|-', 394 => '| 7', 395 => '|[[Walmart]]', 396 => '|1,311', 397 => '|-', 398 => '| 8', 399 => '|[[The University of Texas at Tyler]]', 400 => '|1,121', 401 => '|-', 402 => '| 9', 403 => '|[[University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler|UT Health - Tyler (north campus)]]', 404 => '| 925', 405 => '|-', 406 => '| 10', 407 => '|[[Tyler Junior College]]', 408 => '| 862', 409 => '|}', 410 => '', 411 => '==Recreation and tourism==', 412 => '[[File:Caldwell Zoo, Tyler, TX, Photo 2 IMG 0548.JPG|thumb|Caldwell Zoo entrance]]', 413 => 'Annually, the [[Texas Rose Festival]] draws thousands of tourists to Tyler.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.texasrosefestival.com/festival/now.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321050634/http://www.texasrosefestival.com/festival/now.htm|url-status=dead|title=Until Now|archivedate=March 21, 2012}}</ref> The festival, which celebrates the role of the rose-growing industry in the local economy, is held in October and features a [[parade]], the [[coronation]] of the Rose Queen, and other civic events. The Rose Museum is within the [[Tyler Municipal Rose Garden]] and features the history of the festival. ', 414 => '', 415 => 'Tyler is home to [[Caldwell Zoo]], several local museums, Lake Palestine, Lake Tyler, and numerous [[golf course]]s and country clubs.<ref>{{cite journal |title=It's Tee Time in Tyler |last=Navarro |first=Edward |journal=Images of Tyler |volume=1 |page=57 |publisher=Journal Communications, Inc. |year=2006}}</ref> A few miles away in [[Flint, Texas]] is The WaterPark @ The Villages, a year-round, indoor water park.', 416 => '', 417 => 'There is an "Azalea Trail" in Tyler, which consists of two officially designated routes within the city that showcase homes or other landscaped venues adorned with [[azalea]] shrubs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tylerazaleatrail.com/faqs.htm |title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=Tyler Azalea Trail |access-date=December 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130131746/http://tylerazaleatrail.com/faqs.htm |archive-date=November 30, 2012}}</ref> The Azalea Trail also is home to the long-standing tradition of the Azalea Belles. The official greeters of the Azalea Trail are known as the Azalea Belles, young [[Woman|women]] from the Tyler area who dress in [[antebellum era|antebellum]] [[gown]]s. The belles are chosen each year from area high schools or home school families.', 418 => '', 419 => '[[Tyler State Park (Texas)|Tyler State Park]], a few miles north of the city limits, attracts visitors with opportunities to [[Camping|camp]], [[canoe]], and paddle boat on the [[lake]]. Other available pastimes include [[picnic]]king, [[boating]] ([[Engine|motors]] allowed – 5&nbsp;mph [[speed limit]]), boat [[Renting|rentals]], [[fishing]], [[Birdwatching|birding]], [[hiking]], [[mountain biking]], [[Trail|hiking trails]], lake [[swimming]] (in unsupervised swimming area), and [[nature study]].', 420 => '', 421 => 'The Smith County Historical Society operates a [[museum]] and [[archive]]s in the old Carnegie Library.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smithcountyhistoricalsociety.org |title=Smith County Historical Society |publisher=Smith County Historical Society |access-date=December 11, 2012}}</ref> The East Texas State Fair is held annually in Tyler.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etstatefair.com/ |title=East Texas State Fair |publisher=Etstatefair.com |access-date=December 11, 2012}}</ref> Harvey Convention Center, the largest building at Tyler's fairgrounds is slated for demolition in August 2021.<ref>{{Citation |last=Wellerman |first=Zak |title=Tyler Morning Telegraph |date=August 3, 2021 |volume=92 |issue=215 |pages=1A, 3A |language=English |type=Print newspaper}}</ref> Lake Tyler was the location of the [[HGTV Dream Home]] contest in 2005. The {{cvt|6500|sqft|m2|}} house helped to boost tourism and interest in the community and surrounding areas. It was subsequently sold at [[public auction]] in January 2008, for {{US$|1325000|2008}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kltv.com/Global/story.asp?S=7615650 |title=HGTV Dream Home Sold, $1.325 Million |publisher=Kltv.com |access-date=December 11, 2012}}</ref>', 422 => '', 423 => '===Historical===', 424 => '[[File:Smith County Historical Society, Tyler, TX IMG 0498.JPG|thumb|right|The Smith County Historical Society building is across the street from the Tyler Public Library]]', 425 => '', 426 => 'Tyler has a [[Cotton Belt Railroad]] Depot Museum near the [[Chamber of commerce|Chamber of Commerce]] office.', 427 => '', 428 => 'Individuals and business firms dedicated to discovering, collecting, and preserving data, records, and other items relating to the history of Smith County, Texas, founded The Smith County Historical Society, a [[501(c)(3)]] [[non-profit organization]], in 1959. The society operates a museum and archives in the former [[Carnegie Public Library (Tyler, Texas)|Carnegie Public Library]] building in [[downtown]] Tyler. Permanent museum exhibits include life-size dioramas of Smith County history, with topics ranging from the [[Caddo|Caddo Indians]] to the 20th century.', 429 => '', 430 => 'Other items from the society's collections are showcased in revolving, temporary exhibits. The society's [[archival library]] contains historical artifacts of Smith County, including newspapers, city directories, school records, photographs, maps, historical papers, and rare books. The archives are open to the public for [[research]] on a limited schedule with [[Volunteering|volunteer]] staff on duty. The society is also the official caretaker of [[Camp Ford|Camp Ford Historic Park]].', 431 => '', 432 => '[[Camp Ford]] was the largest [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[Prisoner of War]] camp west of the [[Mississippi River]] during the [[American Civil War]]. The original site of the camp [[stockade]] is a public historic park managed by the Smith County Historical Society.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://smithcountyhistoricalsociety.org/ |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=Smith County Historical Society |language=en-US}}</ref> The park contains a kiosk, paved trail, interpretive signage, a cabin reconstruction, and a picnic area. It is on Highway 271, {{cvt|0.8|mi|km|}} north of Loop 323.', 433 => '', 434 => '==Sports==', 435 => '===College and university teams===', 436 => '[[File:Uttgbball.jpg|right|188px|thumbnail|UT Tyler women's basketball team]]', 437 => '* [[University of Texas at Tyler|University of Texas at Tyler Patriots]] (NCAA Division II)', 438 => '* [[Texas College]] Steers (HBCU)', 439 => '* [[Tyler Junior College|Tyler Junior College Apaches]] (NJCAA)', 440 => '', 441 => '===Baseball teams===', 442 => '{{div col}}', 443 => '* [[Tyler Elbertas]] (1912)', 444 => '* [[Tyler Trojans]] (1924–1929, 1931, 1935–1940, 1946–1950)', 445 => '* Tyler Sports (1932)', 446 => '* Tyler Governors (1933–1934)', 447 => '* [[Tyler East Texans]] (1950–1953)', 448 => '* [[Tyler Tigers]] (1954–1955)', 449 => '* [[Tyler Wildcatters]] (1994–1997)', 450 => '* Tyler Roughnecks (2001)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tyler Roughnecks Statistics and Roster on StatsCrew.com |url=https://www.statscrew.com/minorbaseball/t-tr15082 |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=www.statscrew.com |language=en}}</ref>', 451 => '{{div col end}}', 452 => '', 453 => '===Football===', 454 => '* East Texas Twisters (2004)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Twisters Football Tryouts in Tyler |url=https://www.kltv.com/story/1595660/twisters-football-tryouts-in-tyler |access-date=2020-12-16 |website=kltv.com |language=en-US}}</ref>', 455 => '', 456 => '===Road races===', 457 => '* [[Fresh 15 Road Race]] (Annual)', 458 => '', 459 => '===Soccer===', 460 => '* [[Tyler FC]] (2016–Present)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tylerfootballclub.com/|title=Tyler FC|website=Tyler FC}}</ref>', 461 => '', 462 => '===Disc golf===', 463 => '* Tyler features fifteen [[disc golf]] courses and seven leagues, and the surrounding area features a total of thirty-six courses and seventeen leagues. For these reasons, users of the disc golf app [[UDisc]] ranked Tyler as the third best disc golf destination in Texas and second best in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tyler Disc Golf - Your Guide to Disc Golf in Tyler, Texas |url=https://udisc.com/places/tyler-tx |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=udisc.com |language=en}}</ref>', 464 => '', 465 => '==Government==', 466 => '', 467 => '===Local government===', 468 => '', 469 => '[[File:Tyler City Hall (1 of 1).jpg|thumb|City Hall]]', 470 => 'According to the city's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's various funds had $87.7&nbsp;million in revenues, $101.7&nbsp;million in expenditures, $49.2&nbsp;million in total assets, $12.3&nbsp;million in total liabilities, and $17.6 million in cash in investments.<ref>[http://cityoftyler.org/Portals/0/docs/departments/accounting/CAFR%202007-2008.pdf City of Tyler CAFR]. Retrieved June 7, 2009.</ref>', 471 => '', 472 => '{{hidden begin', 473 => '|titlestyle = background:#ccccff;width=35%', 474 => '|title = List of mayors of Tyler, Texas', 475 => '}}', 476 => '* McDonald Lorance, 1846<ref name=former />', 477 => '* William Bartlett, {{circa|1848}}<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Robert W. Glover |editor2=Linda Brown Cross |publisher=American Bicentennial Committee of Tyler-Smith County |title=Tyler & Smith County, Texas: An Historical Survey |url=https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth61117/ |via=University of North Texas Libraries |year=1976}} {{free access}}</ref>', 478 => '* ?', 479 => '* Oscar Burton, {{circa|1937}}<ref name=Graveyard>{{cite web |url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/TX/ofc/tyler.html |title=Mayors of Tyler, Texas |editor=[[Lawrence Kestenbaum]] |work=[[Political Graveyard]] |access-date= April 15, 2017}}</ref>', 480 => '* Zeb J. Spruiell, {{circa|1955}}<ref name=Graveyard />', 481 => '* ?', 482 => '* Murph Wilson, 1967<ref>{{citation |work=[[Congressional Record]] |location=Washington DC |title=In Memory of Murph Wilson |date=August 7, 1998 |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1998-08-07/pdf/CREC-1998-08-07-extensions.pdf}}</ref>', 483 => '* ?', 484 => '* Jack H. Halbert, 1970–1976<ref>{{citation |url=http://obituaries.tylerpaper.com/obituaries/tylerpaper/obituary.aspx?n=jack-h-halbert&pid=17948835 |title=Jack H. Halbert Obituary |work=[[Tyler Morning Telegraph]] |date=May 31, 2006}}</ref>', 485 => '* ?', 486 => '* Norman Shtofman, 1982–1984<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.kltv.com/story/1544025/former-tyler-mayor-dies |title=Former Tyler Mayor Dies |work=KITV}}</ref>', 487 => '* Smith Reynolds, Junior', 488 => '* [[Kevin Eltife]], {{circa|1996–2002}}<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970227083903/http://www.tylertexas.com/city/Mayor/default.html |url-status=dead |url=http://www.tylertexas.com:80/city/Mayor/default.html |archive-date=February 27, 1997 |title=City of Tyler Mayor |work=Tylertexas.com |via=Internet Archive, [[Wayback Machine]]}}</ref>[http://www.tylerpaper.com/TP-News+Local/220816/eltife-will-not-run-for-reelection-in-16]', 489 => '* Joey Seeber, 2002–2008<ref name=former>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoftyler.org/Visitors/TylerHistory/FormerTylerMayors.aspx |title=Former Tyler Mayors |work=Cityoftyler.org |publisher=City of Tyler |access-date= April 15, 2017}}</ref>', 490 => '* Barbara Bass, 2008–2014<ref name=former />', 491 => '* Martin Heines, 2014–2020', 492 => '* Don Warren, 2020–present', 493 => '{{hidden end}}', 494 => '', 495 => 'The Northeast Texas Public Health District is a political subdivision under the State of Texas established by the City of Tyler and Smith County.<ref>[http://www.healthyeasttx.org/ Northeast Texas Public Health District website]. Retrieved August 18, 2009.</ref> In place for nearly 70 years, the Health District became a separate entity in 1994, with an administrative Public Health Board. With a stated vision "To be the Healthiest Community in Texas", the district has a full-time staff of over 130 employees. The Health District has a broad range of services and responsibilities dedicated to their mission: "To Protect, Promote, and Provide for the Health of Our Community."', 496 => '', 497 => '===State government===', 498 => '', 499 => '[[File:Tyler May 2016 35 (Smith County Courthouse).jpg|thumb|Smith County Courthouse]]', 500 => 'Tyler is represented in the [[Texas Senate]] by [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Bryan Hughes (politician)|Bryan Hughes]], District 1, and in the [[Texas House of Representatives]] by Republican Matt Schaefer, District 6. The [[Texas Courts of Appeals|Texas Twelfth Court of Appeals]] is in Tyler.<ref>"[http://www.12thcoa.courts.state.tx.us/court/contact.asp Contact Information]." Twelfth Eleventh Court of Appeals. Retrieved on March 10, 2010.</ref> The [[Texas Department of Criminal Justice]] operates the Region I [[Parole]] Division Office and the Tyler District Parole Office in Tyler.<ref>"[http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/parole/parole-directory/paroledir-rgnldisparoff1.htm Parole Division Region I] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928130938/http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/parole/parole-directory/paroledir-rgnldisparoff1.htm |date=2011-09-28 }}." [[Texas Department of Criminal Justice]]. Retrieved on May 15, 2010.</ref>', 501 => '', 502 => '===Federal government===', 503 => '', 504 => 'The two U.S. senators from Texas are Republicans [[John Cornyn]] and [[Ted Cruz]]. Tyler is part of [[Texas's 1st congressional district]], which is currently represented by Republican [[Nathaniel Moran]]. The [[United States Postal Service]] operates several post offices in Tyler, including Tyler,<ref>"[http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/tyler-2100-w-martin-luther-king-jr-blvd-tyler-tx-1385275 Post Office Location – TYLER]." [[United States Postal Service]]. Retrieved on May 15, 2010.</ref> [[Azalea]],<ref>"[http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/azalea-2627-s-broadway-ave-tyler-tx-1353821 Post Office Location – AZALEA]." [[United States Postal Service]]. Retrieved on May 15, 2010.</ref> Southeast Crossing,<ref>"[http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/southeast-crossing-3320-troup-hwy-ste-290-tyler-tx-1382344 Post Office Location – SOUTHEAST CROSSING]." [[United States Postal Service]]. Retrieved on May 15, 2010.</ref> and the South Tyler Annex.<ref>"[http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/south-tyler-annex-6722-s-broadway-ave-ste-100-tyler-tx-1382301 Post Office Location – SOUTH TYLER ANNEX]." [[United States Postal Service]]. Retrieved on May 15, 2010.</ref>', 505 => '', 506 => '==Education==', 507 => '', 508 => '[[File:John Tyler High School (Photo 2), Tyler, TX IMG 0554.JPG|thumb|Tyler High School]]', 509 => '[[File:Tyler May 2016 58 (Caldwell Elementary School Arts Academy).jpg|thumb|Caldwell Elementary School Arts Academy]]', 510 => '', 511 => '===Colleges and universities===', 512 => '', 513 => 'Tyler's higher education institutions include the [[University of Texas at Tyler]] and the [[University of Texas Health Center at Tyler]], both part of the [[University of Texas System]], as well as [[Texas College]], the city's only HBCU, and [[Tyler Junior College]].', 514 => '', 515 => '===Primary and secondary schools===', 516 => '', 517 => 'Public primary and secondary education for much of the city is provided by the [[Tyler Independent School District]], which includes high schools [[Tyler High School]] (previously known as John Tyler High School) and [[Tyler Legacy High School]] (previously known as Robert E. Lee High School), as well as Tyler ISD Early College High School, Premier High School of Tyler, a [[Charter school|public charter]] school (Cumberland Academy). Several Tyler schools offer [[IB Diploma Programme|international baccalaureate]] and [[Advanced Placement Program|advanced placement]] programs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tyler ISD |url=https://www.tylerisd.org/ |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=www.tylerisd.org |language=en}}</ref>', 518 => '', 519 => 'Tyler is also home to the University of Texas at Tyler University Academy at Tyler, a K–12 public charter operated by the [[University of Texas at Tyler]] since 2012 that offers university courses to students in grades 9–12.', 520 => '', 521 => 'Portions of incorporated Tyler are served by surrounding school districts. These include sections of southeast Tyler, served by the [[Whitehouse Independent School District]], and some sections in the east which are served by the [[Chapel Hill Independent School District (Smith County, Texas)|chapel Hill Independent School District]].', 522 => '', 523 => '===Private schools===', 524 => '', 525 => 'There are also private schools in Tyler, including [[Grace Community School (Texas)]], [[All Saints Episcopal School (Tyler, Texas)|All Saints Episcopal School]], [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] School, King's Academy Christian School, Kingdom Life Academy (in the same building but not affiliated with King's Academy), Christian Heritage School, East Texas Christian Academy, and Good Shepherd Reformed Episcopal School. The Brook Hill School in nearby Bullard, TX, also serves the Tyler area. The Tyler [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] School System of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler|Catholic Diocese of Tyler]] consists of St. Gregory Cathedral School and [[Bishop T. K. Gorman High School (Tyler, Texas)|Bishop Thomas K. Gorman Regional Catholic Middle and High School]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tyler Catholic School Foundation |url=https://tcsf.net/ |access-date=2022-02-27 |language=en-US}}</ref>', 526 => '', 527 => '==Media==', 528 => 'Tyler has 24 media outlets and one newspaper. There are many others in the surrounding area.', 529 => '', 530 => '===Newspaper===', 531 => '*[[Tyler Morning Telegraph]]', 532 => '', 533 => '===Television===', 534 => '{| class="wikitable sortable"', 535 => '|-', 536 => '!valign="bottom"|VHF/UHF Channel<br />', 537 => '!valign="bottom"|Call Letters<br />', 538 => '!valign="bottom"|Network<br />', 539 => '|-', 540 => '|7', 541 => '|[[KLTV]]', 542 => '|ABC/Telemundo', 543 => '|-', 544 => '|19', 545 => '|[[KYTX]]', 546 => '|CBS/CW', 547 => '|-', 548 => '|51', 549 => '|[[KFXK-TV]]', 550 => '|FOX/MyNetworkTV', 551 => '|-', 552 => '|54', 553 => '|[[KCEB]]', 554 => '|[[Azteca America]]', 555 => '|-', 556 => '|56', 557 => '|[[KETK-TV|KETK]]', 558 => '|NBC', 559 => '|}', 560 => '', 561 => '===Radio===', 562 => '', 563 => '====AM stations====', 564 => '', 565 => '{| class="wikitable sortable"', 566 => '|-', 567 => '!valign="bottom"|Frequency<br />', 568 => '!valign="bottom"|Call Letters<br />', 569 => '!valign="bottom"|Format<br />', 570 => '!valign="bottom"|Name<br />', 571 => '|-', 572 => '|600', 573 => '|[[KTBB (AM)|KTBB]]', 574 => '|News/Talk', 575 => '|-', 576 => '|1330', 577 => '|[[KGLD]]', 578 => '|Gospel', 579 => '|The Light', 580 => '|-', 581 => '|1490', 582 => '|[[KYZS]]', 583 => '|Classic Hits ', 584 => '|K-DOK (relay of [[KDOK]] Kilgore)', 585 => '|}', 586 => '', 587 => '====FM stations====', 588 => '{| class="wikitable sortable"', 589 => '|-', 590 => '!valign="bottom"|Frequency<br />', 591 => '!valign="bottom"|Call Letters<br />', 592 => '!valign="bottom"|Format<br />', 593 => '!valign="bottom"|Name<br />', 594 => '|-', 595 => '|88.7', 596 => '|KZLO', 597 => '|Christian Contemporary', 598 => '|[[KLOVE]]', 599 => '|-', 600 => '|89.5', 601 => '|[[KVNE]]', 602 => '|Christian Contemporary', 603 => '|Encouragement FM', 604 => '|-', 605 => '|91.3', 606 => '|[[KGLY]]', 607 => '|Religious', 608 => '|Lift 91.3', 609 => '|-', 610 => '|92.1', 611 => '|[[KRWR]]', 612 => '|Sports', 613 => '|92.1 The Team', 614 => '|-', 615 => '|93.1', 616 => '|[[KTYL-FM|KTYL]]', 617 => '|Hot Adult Contemporary', 618 => '|Mix 93.1', 619 => '|-', 620 => '|94.3', 621 => '|[[KZWL]]', 622 => '|Christian Teaching', 623 => '|The Well', 624 => '|-', 625 => '|96.1', 626 => '|[[KKTX-FM|KKTX]]', 627 => '|Classic Rock', 628 => '|Classic Rock 96.1', 629 => '|-', 630 => '|96.7', 631 => '|[[KOYE]]', 632 => '|Regional Mexican', 633 => '|La Invasora', 634 => '|-', 635 => '|97.5', 636 => '|[[KTBB-FM]]', 637 => '|News/Talk', 638 => '|KTBB', 639 => '|-', 640 => '|99.3', 641 => '|[[KAPW]]', 642 => '|Spanish Pop', 643 => '|Mega 99.3', 644 => '|-', 645 => '|101.5', 646 => '|[[KNUE]]', 647 => '|Country', 648 => '|Today's Country 101.5 KNUE', 649 => '|-', 650 => '|102.3', 651 => '|[[KLFZ]]', 652 => '|Spanish Christian', 653 => '|Fuzíon 102.3', 654 => '|-', 655 => '|102.7', 656 => '|[[KBLZ]]', 657 => '|Urban Contemporary', 658 => '|102.7 The Blaze', 659 => '|-', 660 => '|104.1', 661 => '|[[KKUS]]', 662 => '|Classic Country', 663 => '|104.1 The Ranch', 664 => '|-', 665 => '|106.5', 666 => '|[[KOOI]]', 667 => '|Variety Hits', 668 => '|106.5 [[Jack FM]]', 669 => '|-', 670 => '|107.3', 671 => '|[[KISX]]', 672 => '|Urban Adult Contemporary', 673 => '|107.3 [[KISS-FM (brand)|Kiss-FM]]', 674 => '|}', 675 => '', 676 => '==Healthcare==', 677 => '[[Hospital]]s in Tyler include UT Health Tyler, [[Trinity Mother Frances Health System]], UT Health North Campus Tyler, and Texas Spine & Joint Hospital. There are also many clinics including the Direct Care Clinic.', 678 => '', 679 => '==Transportation==', 680 => '[[File:TylerPRAirport.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial photo of Tyler Pounds Regional Airport]]', 681 => 'The most common form of [[transport]]ation is the [[motor vehicle]]. Tyler is a nexus of several major highways. [[Interstate 20 (Texas)|Interstate 20]] runs along the north edge of the city going east and west, [[U.S. Route 69 in Texas|U.S. Highway 69]] runs north–south through the center of town and [[Texas State Highway 64|State Highway 64]] runs east–west through the city. Tyler also has access to [[U.S. Highway 271 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 271]], [[Texas State Highway 31|State Highway 31]], [[Texas State Highway 155|State Highway 155]], and [[Texas State Highway 110|State Highway 110]]. [[Texas State Highway Loop 323|Loop 323]] was established in 1957 and encircles the city, which has continued to grow outside of this loop. [[Texas State Highway Loop 49|Loop 49]] is a limited access "outer loop" around the city and currently runs from State Highway 110 south of Tyler to US 69 northwest of Tyler near Lindale. [[List of state highway loops in Texas (100–199)#Loop 124|Loop 124]] is {{cvt|1.524|mi|km|}} in length.', 682 => '', 683 => '===Public transportation===', 684 => '[[File:Tyler May 2016 22 (Tyler Transit).jpg|thumb|Tyler Transit shuttle]]', 685 => 'Tyler Transit provides customers with [[public transport]]ation service within the City of Tyler. The buses run daily, excluding Sundays and holidays. Tyler Transit offers customers the option to purchase [[Ticket (admission)|tickets]], tokens, or passes at the Tyler Transit office, at 210 E. Oakwood Street inside the [[Cotton Belt Railroad]] Depot at the main transfer point. The City of Tyler paratransit service is a shared-ride, public transportation service. Requests for service must be made the day before the service is needed. Trips can be scheduled up to 14 days in advance. [[Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990|ADA]] compliant paratransit service is provided to all origins and destinations within the service area defined as the city limits of Tyler.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoftyler.org/Departments/TylerTransit.aspx |title=Tyler Transit |publisher=Cityoftyler.org |access-date=December 11, 2012}}</ref> [[Greyhound Lines]] bus service is available through a downtown terminal.', 686 => '', 687 => '===Air===', 688 => '[[Tyler Pounds Regional Airport]] offers service to and from [[Dallas–Fort Worth International Airport]] via [[American Eagle Airlines|American Eagle]], providing service with [[Embraer]] [[ERJ-135]] and [[ERJ-145]] regional jets. General Aviation services are provided by two fixed-base operators, [http://flytyler.com Johnson Aviation] and the Jet Center of Tyler.', 689 => '', 690 => '===Train===', 691 => 'Tyler was the hub for a series of short-line [[Rail transport|railroad]]s which later evolved into the [[St. Louis Southwestern Railway]], better known as "The Cotton Belt Route," with the city last being a stop on the unnamed successor to the ''[[Morning Star (train)|Morning Star]]'' between [[St. Louis]] and [[Dallas]].<ref>''Official Guide of the Railways,'' September 1955, St. Louis Southwestern section</ref> This line later became part of the [[Southern Pacific Railroad]], which itself merged with the [[Union Pacific Railroad]], which continues to serve the city today with freight traffic. No passenger train service to Tyler has occurred since April 1956, but [[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Texas Eagle]]'' runs through the city of [[Mineola, Texas|Mineola]], a short distance north of Tyler.', 692 => '', 693 => '===Walkability===', 694 => 'A 2014 study by [[Walk Score]] ranked Tyler with a walkability score of 32 (out of 100) with some amenities within walking distance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.walkscore.com/TX/Tyler |title=City and Neighborhood Rankings |publisher=Walk Score |year=2014 |access-date=April 11, 2014}}</ref>', 695 => '', 696 => '==Notable events==', 697 => '* Fragments of the [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] landed near Tyler in 2003, following the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|breakup]] of it in the atmosphere.', 698 => '* On the evening of 2009, a fire engulfed a number of historic buildings in downtown Tyler. Eight different fire departments responded to the fire.<ref>', 699 => '{{cite news |work=Palestine Herald Press |date=February 3, 2009}}', 700 => '</ref>', 701 => '* The 1982 Supreme Court case [[Plyler v. Doe]], which prohibited denying schooling to immigrant children, originated in the [[Tyler Independent School District]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.crfimmigrationed.org/lessons-for-teachers/149-hl10 |title=History Lesson 10: Plyler v. Doe: Can States Deny Public Benefits to Illegal Immigrants? |website=www.crfimmigrationed.org |language=en |access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref>', 702 => '* The [[Tyler courthouse shooting]] occurred in 2005, when David Arroyo fatally shot his ex-wife and a man in the Tyler Square inside the Smith County Courthouse.', 703 => '', 704 => '==Notable people==', 705 => '{{main category|People from Tyler, Texas}}', 706 => '', 707 => '==Sister cities==', 708 => 'Tyler's [[sister cities]] are:<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History |url=http://tylersistercities.org/history-of-tyler-sister-cities/ |website=tylersistercities.org |publisher=Tyler Sister Cities |access-date=2021-01-25}}</ref>', 709 => '*{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Lo Barnechea]], Chile', 710 => '*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Jelenia Góra]], Poland', 711 => '*{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Liberia, Costa Rica|Liberia]], Costa Rica', 712 => '*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[San Miguel de Allende]], Mexico', 713 => '*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yachiyo, Chiba|Yachiyo]], Japan', 714 => '', 715 => '==See also==', 716 => '{{Portal|Texas}}', 717 => '*[[Cotton Belt Depot Train Museum]]', 718 => '*[[List of museums in East Texas]]', 719 => '*[[Tyler Museum of Art]]', 720 => '*[[Whitaker-McClendon House]]', 721 => '', 722 => '==Notes==', 723 => '{{notelist}}', 724 => '', 725 => '==References==', 726 => '{{Reflist}}', 727 => '', 728 => '==Further reading==', 729 => '* Austin, Gladys Peters, ''Along the Century Trail: Early History of Tyler, Texas'' (Dallas: Avalon Press, 1946)', 730 => '* Burton, Morris ''Tyler as an Early Railroad Center'', Chronicles of Smith County, Spring 1963', 731 => '* Betts, Vicki, ''Smith County, Texas, in the Civil War'' (Tyler, Texas: Smith County Historical Society, 1978)', 732 => '* Everett, Dianna, ''The Texas Cherokees: A People between Two Fires, 1819–1840'' (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990)', 733 => '* Glover, ed., Robert W., ''Tyler and Smith County, Texas'' (n.p.: Walsworth, 1976)', 734 => '* Henderson, Adele, Smith County, ''Texas: Its Background and History in Ante-Bellum Days'' (M.A. thesis, University of Texas, 1926)', 735 => '* McDonald, Archie P. ''Historic Smith County'' (Historical Publishing Network, 2006).', 736 => '* Reed, Robert E. Jr. ''Images of America: Tyler'' ([[Arcadia Publishing]], 2008).', 737 => '* Reed, Robert E. Jr. ''Postcard History: Tyler'' ([[Arcadia Publishing]], 2009).', 738 => '* Smith County Historical Society, ''Historical Atlas of Smith County'' (Tyler, Texas: Tyler Print Shop, 1965)', 739 => '* Wardlaw, Trevor P. "Sires and Sons: The Story of Hubbard's Regiment." CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015. {{ISBN|978-1511963732}}', 740 => '* Whisenhunt, Donald W. comp., ''Chronological History of Smith County'' (Tyler, Texas: Smith County Historical Society, 1983)', 741 => '* Woldert, Albert, ''A History of Tyler and Smith County'' (San Antonio: Naylor, 1948)', 742 => '', 743 => '==External links==', 744 => '{{commons category|Tyler, Texas}}', 745 => '{{wikivoyage|Tyler}}', 746 => '{{NSRW Poster|Tyler, Tex.|Tyler, Texas}}', 747 => '* [https://www.cityoftyler.org/ City Of Tyler Website] Official City Website', 748 => '', 749 => '{{Prone to spam|date=December 2014}}', 750 => '<!-- {{No more links}}', 751 => '', 752 => ' Please be cautious adding more external links.', 753 => '', 754 => 'Wikipedia is not a collection of links and should not be used for advertising.', 755 => '', 756 => ' Excessive or inappropriate links will be removed.', 757 => '', 758 => ' See [[Wikipedia:External links]] and [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details.', 759 => '', 760 => 'If there are already suitable links, propose additions or replacements on', 761 => 'the article's talk page, or submit your link to the relevant category at', 762 => 'DMOZ (dmoz.org) and link there using {{Dmoz}}.', 763 => '', 764 => '-->', 765 => '{{Tyler, Texas}}', 766 => '{{Smith County, Texas}}', 767 => '{{Texas}}', 768 => '{{Texas county seats}}', 769 => '{{Authority control}}', 770 => '', 771 => '[[Category:Tyler, Texas| ]]', 772 => '[[Category:Cities in Texas]]', 773 => '[[Category:County seats in Texas]]', 774 => '[[Category:Cities in Smith County, Texas]]', 775 => '[[Category:Cities in the Ark-La-Tex]]', 776 => '[[Category:County seats in the Ark-La-Tex]]', 777 => '[[Category:Populated places established in 1846]]', 778 => '[[Category:History of Tyler, Texas]]' ]