Examine individual changes

'{{short description|Brazilian public health scientist}} {{Multiple issues| {{BLP sources|date=March 2022}} {{Third-party|date=November 2022}} }} {{Infobox person | name = Cristina Possas | image = Cristine de A. Possas, PhD - in Tamara's office.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1948|6|5}} | birth_place = [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = {{ubl|[[FIOCRUZ]] PhD (1988)|[[Unicamp]] MSocSc (1980)|[[PUC-Rio]] PhD (1972)}} | occupation = [[Ministry of Health (Brazil)|Minister of health]], [[public health]] research scientist, [[infectious disease]] research scientist, academic | employer = [[Fiocruz]] | years_active = 1985–present | known_for = {{hlist|[[Social epidemiology]]|[[emerging infectious disease]]s}} }} '''Cristina Possas de Albuquerque''' (born 5 June 1948) is a Brazilian [[public health]] scientist working with [[infectious diseases]] and [[emerging infectious disease]]s from an [[Ecosocial theory|eco-social]] perspective. However, her approach to social ecosystem complexity is quite different from the four-fold eco-social approach of Harvard's Nancy Krieger and was presented by her in a 2001 English-language article in the Brazilian Journal of Public Health Reports. This article presents the concept of " social ecosystem health", where ecosystems are increasingly modified by human social activity, favoring the emergence of new diseases, by the `spill-over` of pathogens from animals to humans, as occurred in the emergence of HIV/AIDS and now COVID-19 pandemics. Therefore, in her view, the term “social” must precede the prefix “eco”. Thus, she is known for (a) developing her new conceptual approach to social epidemiology, incorporating the economic concept of structural heterogeneity into a new epidemiological model designed to identify the epidemiological profiles of heterogeneous populations at different social and economic levels and socio-environmental conditions favoring disease emergence; (b) research on health transition, ecological change, complex systems and the emergence of new diseases. (c) contributions to health policy and health reform in Brazil. She was the first person to propose a Health Reform in Brazil, along the lines of the Italian Sanitary Reform, in a Seminar held at ENSP/FIOCRUZ in October 1985, which resulted in the creation of the National Health Reform Commission and later in the Brazilian National Health System -SUS. Her claim at ENSP/FIOCRUZ in 1985 for a Health Reform supporting a free, public and universal national health system  expressed the long-standing aspirations of a health professionals movement and of  the Brazilian society since the 1970´s for a radical change in the so far privately-dominant health care model. Her request for a Health Reform triggered a national political process resulting in the creation of the SUS incorporated into the new 1988 Constitution. After her speech at ENSP/FIOCRUZ she was invited by the Ministry of Health and by the then President of Fiocruz, Sérgio Arouca, to be the Coordinator of the 8 Technical Groups of the National Commission on Sanitary Reform (CNRS), whose final report was proposed to the Constituents and resulted in the creation and implementation of the SUS in the various Brazilian states. She is a Takemi Fellow at Harvard University in Boston, where for 10 years she has been a visiting scientist and a [[Fulbright Fellowship|Fulbright Fellow]]. She has been since 1976 a professor at [[FIOCRUZ]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil. ==Education and employment== After her undergraduate studies, Possas completed a PhD in [[psychology]] at the [[Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro]] (PUC-RIO) in 1972. After completing her MSocSc at the [[State University of Campinas]] (UNICAMP) in 1980 Possas was appointed to the [[Oswaldo Cruz Foundation]] ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, also known as [[FIOCRUZ]]) in [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil as a full professor in 1985 where she has worked ever since, completing a [[public health]] PhD at the National School of Public Health in 1988. Whilst working at FIOCRUZ she has also spent time as a [[Fulbright Fellow]] and Takemi Fellow in International Health at [[Harvard University]] from 1990 to 1994 before becoming a visiting scientist with the New Diseases Group at [[Harvard School of Public Health]] from 1994 to 2002. Possas also served as National Executive Secretary, National Technical Biosafety Commission (CTNBio), Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil from 2001 to 2002 and Head, Research and Technological Development Unit, National AIDS Program, [[Ministry of Health (Brazil)|Ministry of Health]], Brazil, 2002–2011. She has given radio and television interviews on [[AIDS]], [[Dengue fever]], and [[Zika fever]]. == Awards and distinctions == * 1983. [[FINEP]] research grant on Health System Evaluation, coordinating 7 subprojects, Medical School, [[PUC-Campinas]], SP<ref name=":1" /> * 1989. [[FINEP]] ([[Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos]]) grant, Coordinator National Multicentric Project Evaluation Health Systems, FIOCRUZ, RJ<ref name=":1" /> * 1991. Capes Fellowship,<ref name=":1">[http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4789860T8 CNPq profile for Cristina de Albuquerque Possas]</ref> Harvard University * 1992. Takemi Fellow, Harvard University.<ref name=":2">[http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/fellowships/takemi-fellowship-program/ Takemi Program], [[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-27 |title=Takemi Fellows 1990-2000 |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/takemi/takemi-felllows/takemi-fellows-group-photos-1990-2000/ |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=Takemi Program in International Health |language=en-us}}</ref> * 1993. CNPq Scientific Productivity Fellowship<ref name=":1" /> ==Selected publications== * {{Cite journal |last1=Possas |first1=Cristina |last2=Marques |first2=Ernesto T. A. |last3=Risi |first3=João Baptista |last4=Homma |first4=Akira |date=December 2021 |title=COVID-19 and Future Disease X in Circular Economy Transition: Redesigning Pandemic Preparedness to Prevent a Global Disaster |journal=Circular Economy and Sustainability |language=en |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=1463–1478 |doi=10.1007/s43615-021-00060-x |issn=2730-597X |pmc=8238518 |pmid=34888566}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Possas |first1=Cristina |last2=de Souza Antunes |first2=Adelaide Maria |last3=de Oliveira |first3=Alessandra Moreira |last4=de Souza Mendes Santos |first4=Cristina d'Urso |last5=Ramos |first5=Mateus Pinheiro |last6=de Oliveira Rodrigues Schumacher |first6=Suzanne |last7=Homma |first7=Akira |date=December 2021 |title=Vaccine Innovation for Pandemic Preparedness: Patent Landscape, Global Sustainability, and Circular Bioeconomy in Post-COVID-19 era |journal=Circular Economy and Sustainability |language=en |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=1439–1461 |doi=10.1007/s43615-021-00051-y |issn=2730-597X |pmc=8280571 |pmid=34888570}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Homma |first1=Akira |last2=Freire |first2=Marcos da Silva |last3=Possas |first3=Cristina |date=2020 |title=Vaccines for neglected and emerging diseases in Brazil by 2030: the "valley of death" and opportunities for RD&I in Vaccinology 4.0 |journal=Cadernos de Saúde Pública |volume=36 |issue=suppl 2 |pages=e00128819 |doi=10.1590/0102-311x00128819 |pmid=33111747 |s2cid=225098917 |issn=1678-4464|doi-access=free }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Possas |first1=Cristina |last2=Antunes |first2=Adelaide Maria de Souza |last3=Lins Mendes |first3=Flavia Maria |last4=Veloso |first4=Valdiléa |last5=Martins |first5=Reinaldo Menezes |last6=Homma |first6=Akira |date=2018-07-03 |title=HIV cure: global overview of bNAbs' patents and related scientific publications |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13543776.2018.1495708 |journal=Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents |language=en |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=551–560 |doi=10.1080/13543776.2018.1495708 |pmid=29962249 |s2cid=49650464 |issn=1354-3776}} * Possas, C. 1989. Epidemiologia e Sociedade: Heterogeneidade Estrutural e Saúde no Brasil [Epidemiology and Society: Structural Heterogeneity and Health in Brazil. Hucitec, São Paulo. * Possas, C. 1980. Saúde e Trabalho: a Crise da Previdência Social [Health and Labour: the crisis of Social Welfare in Brazil], [2nd edition in 1989]. Hucitec. [Winner award of honors from the Brazilian Society of Social Welfare Rights in 1981 for the best book on Social Welfare]. * {{Cite journal |last1=Levins |first1=Richard |last2=Awerbuch |first2=Tamara |last3=Brinkmann |first3=Uwe |last4=Eckardt |first4=Irina |last5=Epstein |first5=Paul |last6=Makhoul |first6=Najwa |last7=de Possas |first7=Cristina Albuquerque |last8=Puccia |first8=Charles |last9=Spielman |first9=Andrew |last10=Wilson |first10=Mary E. |date=1994 |title=The Emergence of New Diseases |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29775101 |journal=American Scientist |volume=82 |issue=1 |pages=52–60 |jstor=29775101 |bibcode=1994AmSci..82...52L |issn=0003-0996}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Possas |first1=Cristina |last2=Lourenço-de-Oliveira |first2=Ricardo |last3=Tauil |first3=Pedro Luiz |last4=Pinheiro |first4=Francisco de Paula |last5=Pissinatti |first5=Alcides |last6=Cunha |first6=Rivaldo Venâncio da |last7=Freire |first7=Marcos |last8=Martins |first8=Reinaldo Menezes |last9=Homma |first9=Akira |date=2018-09-03 |title=Yellow fever outbreak in Brazil: the puzzle of rapid viral spread and challenges for immunisation |journal=Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz |language=en |volume=113 |issue=10 |pages=e180278 |doi=10.1590/0074-02760180278 |issn=0074-0276 |pmc=6135548 |pmid=30427974}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqG-W1Xyoac Entrevista, Dr. Cristina Possas discusses AIDS, Dec 16, 2015] {{Portal bar|Brazil|Environment|Medicine|South America|Viruses|Biography|Medicine}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Possas, Cristina}} [[Category:HIV/AIDS researchers]] [[Category:Brazilian women scientists]] [[Category:20th-century women scientists]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Women naturalists]] [[Category:Harvard School of Public Health people]] [[Category:South America articles needing expert attention]] [[Category:20th-century Brazilian educators]] [[Category:21st-century Brazilian educators]] [[Category:Brazilian women educators]] [[Category:Brazilian feminists]] [[Category:Brazilian epidemiologists]] [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:People from Rio de Janeiro (city)]] [[Category:Fulbright alumni]] [[Category:Women epidemiologists]]'