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{| class="wikitable" align="right"
|+History of [[Cross-Strait relations|cross-strait relations]]
! colspan="4" |{{Location map|China|width=280|float=center|border=none|caption=|relief=0|label=臺灣海峽|position=left|lat_deg=24|lat_min=40|lon_deg=119|lon_min=55}}
! rowspan="5" |
|-
![[Mainland China|West]] [[Mainland China|Coast]]
[[Mainland China|of the]] [[Mainland China|Strait]]
!Period
!Major cross-strait
events
![[Geography of Taiwan|East Coast]]
[[Geography of Taiwan|of the Strait]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]]
[[Yuan dynasty|dynasty]]
|1281
|Establishment of
Penghu Inspection
Division
| rowspan="3" |Taiwan
Prehistory
|-
|1349
|A Brief History of
the Island of Yi
by Wang Dayuan
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Ming dynasty|Ming]]
[[Ming dynasty|Dynasty]]
|1603
|[[Chen Di]]'s book
Dongfanji
|-
|
|1624
|Battle of
Penghu
| rowspan="2" |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}}{{Flagicon|Spain|variant=1506}}Under
Dutch
and
Spanish
Rule
|-
|
|1633
|[[Battle of Liaoluo Bay|Battle of]]
[[Battle of Liaoluo Bay|Liaoluo Bay]]
|-
|[[Southern Ming|Southern]]
[[Southern Ming|Ming]]
|1661
|[[Siege of Fort Zeelandia]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg|23x23px]][[Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of]]
[[Kingdom of Tungning|Tungning]]
| rowspan="25" |
|-
| rowspan="8" |{{Flagdeco|Qing Dynasty}}[[Qing dynasty|Qing]]
[[Qing dynasty|Dynasty]]
|1667
|Ding Wei floating
man incident
|-
|1683
|Penghu Sea Battle
|-
|1684
|Establishment of Taiwan
| rowspan="4" |{{Flagdeco|Qing Dynasty}}[[Qing dynasty|Qing]]
[[Qing dynasty|Dynasty]]
|-
|1731
|[[Ta-Chia-hsi revolt]]
|-
|1840
|[[First Opium War]]
|-
|1885
|Taiwan is founded
as a province
|-
|1895
|[[Treaty of Shimonoseki]]
| rowspan="4" |{{Flagicon|Japan|variant=1870}}[[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japan]]
|-
|1900
|Xiamen Events
|-
| rowspan="4" |{{Flagicon|Republic of China (1912-1949)|variant=1912}}[[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|22x22px]][[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic]]
[[Republic of China (1912–1949)|of China]]
|1911
|[[1911 Revolution]]
|-
|1943
|[[1943 Cairo Declaration]]
|-
|1945
|[[Surrender of Japan]]Takeover of Taiwan
and Penghu
| rowspan="14" |[[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|22x22px]][[Taiwan]]
|-
|1947
|[[February 28 incident]]
|-
| rowspan="12" |{{Flagdeco|PRC}}[[China]]
|1949
|[[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|Relocation of the]]
[[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|National Government]]
|-
|1978
|[[Chinese economic reform]]
|-
|1979
|[[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis|Second Taiwan Strait]]
[[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis|Crisis]]
|-
|1987
|Open cross-strait
family visits
|-
|1993
|[[Wang–Koo summit]]
|-
|1996
|[[Third Taiwan Strait Crisis]]
|-
|2001
|Cross-strait
implementation
of the Little Three Way
|-
|2010
|Cross-strait signing of
[[Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement|ECFA]]
|-
|2014
|Disputes over the Trade
and Services Census
The Sunflower Movement
|-
|2015
|[[Ma–Xi meeting]]
|-
|2022
|[[2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan|2022 Chinese military]]
[[2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan|exercises around Taiwan]]
|-
|Present
|[[Political status of Taiwan]]
|}
The History of [[Cross-Strait relations|Cross-Strait Relations]] introduces the historical changes in the relationship between China and Taiwan since the beginning of time. Suspected records of [[Geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]] in the [[history of China]] date back to the earliest times when [[Yizhou (island)]] was mentioned in the "[[Records of the Three Kingdoms|Three Kingdoms]]" or [[Liuqiu (medieval)|Liuqiu]] in the "''[[Book of Sui]]''".<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[林滿紅]] |date=1994 |title=四百年來的兩岸分合: 一個經貿史的回顧 |url=http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041159/http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-06-07 |website=国立中央大学 |publisher=自立晚報社文化出版部 |place=臺北 |isbn=9575962885}}</ref> During the [[Song dynasty]] and Yuan dynasties, there was trade between the two sides of the Strait, and in 1281, [[Kublai Khan]] established the [[Penghu]] Inspection Division, which began to exercise administrative jurisdiction over Penghu, and in 1349, Wang Dayuan documented in Island Yi Zhi Lu that Penghu belonged to Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, and that [[Liuqiu (medieval)|Liuqiu]] was one of the overseas countries.<ref name=":0">{{Cite wikisource|title=島夷志略|author=汪大淵|quote=Penghu, the land belongs to Quanzhou Jinjiang County. To the Yuan period to establish the inspection division. Ryukyu, its standoff mountain is very high, from the Peng Lake look very close. Overseas countries from the beginning.}}</ref>The "Dongfan Ji" written by [[Chen Di]] in the Ming Dynasty depicts the customs of the aborigines in southwest Taiwan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=周婉窈 |first= |date= |title=陳第〈東番記〉—十七世紀初臺灣西南地區的實地調查報告 |journal=故宮文物月刊 |volume=241 |pages=22-45}}</ref> Since the 1620s, cross-strait relations have been influenced by the Dutch, the [[Spaniards|Spanish]], the [[Han Chinese]], the [[Manchu people|Manchus]], and the [[Japanese people|Japanese]], and mainland China and Taiwan have either unified or separated, with ups and downs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-16 |title=台湾与中国大陆：两岸关系的跌宕历史 |url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-56760009 |access-date=2023-02-23 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>
In 1945, the [[World War II|World War ll]] ended and the Republic of China took over Taiwan. Cross-strait relations developed in a tortuous manner in response to changes in the domestic and international situation. In the second [[Chinese Communist Revolution]], the Nationalist Army led by the [[Kuomintang]] was defeated by the Liberation Army led by the Chinese Communists. In 1949, the [[China|People's Republic of China]] was established and gradually took control of the entire Chinese mainland. [[Taiwan|The Republic of China]], on the other hand, [[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|retreated]] to [[Free area of the Republic of China|Taiwan]], Penghu, Jinma, and other islands. The [[Chinese Communist Party]] tried to liberate Taiwan, and the [[Kuomintang]] prepared to counter-attack the mainland. A military confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait began and many armed clashes took place.
After the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758|People's Republic of China]] replaced the Republic of China (ROC) as a [[Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council|permanent member of the United Nations Security Council]] in 1971, the [[foreign relations of Taiwan]] were limited. On January 1, 1979, the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations with the United States and at the same time announced the end of the shelling of Kinmen and proposed a policy of peaceful reunification and one country, two systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=徐向前 |date=2006-02-28 |title=国防部关于停止对大金门等岛屿炮击的声明（1979年1月） |url=http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213299.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818093841/http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213299.htm |archive-date=2017-08-18 |access-date=2017-05-31 |website=中国政府网 |publisher=中国台湾网}}</ref> In 1987, after the Republic of China lifted the curfew and opened up cross-strait family visits, cross-strait relations became smoother. But in 1995, when President Lee Teng-hui visited the United States, [[Third Taiwan Strait Crisis|cross-strait relations became tense again]]. After entering the 21st century, the economic relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait became quite close, and, in 2018, when the KMT returned to power in Taiwan, cross-strait relations eased.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-29 |title=夏立言与台商座谈说明习马会是两岸史上最大突破 |url=http://www.shangbaoindonesia.com/dynamic-cina-komunitas/%E5%A4%8F%E7%AB%8B%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%B0%E5%95%86%E5%BA%A7%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A0%E9%A9%AC%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216121534/http://www.shangbaoindonesia.com/dynamic-cina-komunitas/%E5%A4%8F%E7%AB%8B%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%B0%E5%95%86%E5%BA%A7%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A0%E9%A9%AC%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4.html |archive-date=2016-02-16 |access-date=2017-05-29 |publisher=印度尼西亞商報 Shangbao Indonesia}}</ref> [[Ma–Xi meeting|The meeting of the top leaders]] across the Taiwan Strait in Singapore in 2015 was seen as a major breakthrough in the history of cross-strait relations. And since the return of the Democratic Progressive Party to power in 2016, cross-strait relations have become tense again.<ref>Report of the 277th Meeting of the Mainland Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan.2016-10-31</ref>
== Historical Stages ==
There is no universally accepted standard regarding the beginning of cross-strait relations or historical chronology. In his book "History of Cross-Strait Relations," Professor Zhang Chunying, Deputy Director of the Institute of Taiwan Studies at [[Zhongnan University of Economics and Law|Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,]] divides the history of cross-strait relations into four periods: the first stage is from the prehistoric period to the Dutch occupation of Taiwan in the 1620s; the second stage is the period from the [[Dutch Formosa|Dutch]], Ming Zheng, [[Taiwan under Qing rule|Qing]] and Japanese rule of Taiwan to the [[History of Taiwan (1945–present)|takeover of Taiwan]] by the Republic of China in 1945; the third stage is the cross-strait military confrontation formed after the withdrawal of the central government of the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] from [[mainland China]] in 1949; the fourth stage is the end of the military confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait since the 1980s and the de-escalation and development of relations.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=王功安 |date=2005-06-09 |title=《海峡两岸关系史》具有标志性意义的著作 |url=http://theory.people.com.cn/GB/40538/3455700.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020932/http://theory.people.com.cn/GB/40538/3455700.html |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-05-28 |website=人民网}}</ref> Professor Shao Zonghai of the Institute of Zhongshan and Mainland China Studies at the [[Chinese Culture University]] divides the history of cross-strait relations after 1949 into five periods: military confrontation, legal disputes, exchange and détente, ideological confrontation, and reciprocal consultation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=邵宗海 |first= |title=從兩岸關係的變遷探討兩岸關係的定位(上) |url=http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2003-4_1.pdf |journal=遠景基金會季刊 |volume=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062107/http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2003-4_1.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-14 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |author-mask=邵宗海 |title=兩岸關係史 |url=http://www.wun-ching.com.tw/img/Books_files/ST003e3-9789862369203-trial.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020646/http://www.wun-ching.com.tw/img/Books_files/ST003e3-9789862369203-trial.pdf |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-05-28 |website=新文京開發出版股份有限公司}}</ref>
== Ancient Times ==
=== Period of the Three Kingdoms (suspected) ===
[[File:三国行政区划(繁).png|left|thumb|Some scholars believe that [[Yizhou (island)|Yizhou]] in the [[Three Kingdoms]] was Taiwan, but the view is controversial]]
[[File:南宋疆域图（繁）.png|thumb|Southern Song Dynasty with Penghu and Liuqiu]]
The Chinese history book, "[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]] - Wu Zhi" records that in the first month of spring in the second year of Huanglong (230), [[Eastern Wu]] sent generals Wei Wen and Zhu Ge Zhi with 10,000 soldiers to cross the sea from Zhang'an in Linhai County in search of [[Yizhou (island)|Yizhou]],<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=叶哲明 |date=1982 |title=东吴的海外拓展和卫温、诸葛直从章安出使台湾考略 |journal=中国古代史 |pages=23}}</ref> and thousands of them landed on Yizhou and returned.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=三國志|author=陳壽|date=|authorlink=|chapter=卷47|location=吳書孫權傳|quote=遣將軍衛溫、諸葛直將甲士萬人浮海求夷洲及亶洲。亶洲所在絕遠，卒不可得至，但得夷洲數千人還。}}</ref> In addition, the book "Linhai Water and Land" written by Shen Ying, the governor of Danyang in [[Eastern Wu]], records that Yizhou is 2,000 miles southeast of Linhai County, where "the land is free of frost and snow,<ref group="Notes">Whether the original text is "Yizhou" or "Yi Zhou" is uncertain.</ref> and the grass and trees do not die; on all sides are mountains, where many mountain barbarians live."<ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣文化誌 |publisher=[[伊能嘉矩]] |year=1985 |pages=25-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣史事概說 |publisher= |year=1954 |author-mask=郭廷以}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣地方史 |publisher=中國社會科學出版社 |year=1982 |location=北京 |language=zh |author-mask=陳碧笙}}</ref> Some scholars believe that Yizhou refers to Taiwan, but there is controversy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=馮鉞 |date=2013-08-08 |title=夷洲問題再辨析 |url=http://www.strongwindpress.com/pdfs/HKFax/No_HK2013-41.pdf |journal=参阅文稿 |volume=41 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928040216/http://www.strongwindpress.com/pdfs/HKFax/No_HK2013-41.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=[台灣人四百年史 |publisher=[[史明]] |year=2014-07-01 |isbn=9789574316441}}</ref>
=== Sui and Tang dynasties (suspected) ===
According to the [[Book of Sui]], [[Liuqiu (medieval)|Liuqiu]] was located on a sea island, east of Jian'an County, and could be reached by boat in five days.<ref group="Notes">Jian'an County is located in present-day Fujian Province, and has four counties under its jurisdiction: Min (present-day Fuzhou City, Fujian Province), Jian'an, Nan'an, and [[Longxi County|Longxi]]. <nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{cite wikisource|title=Sui Shu|chapter=vol. 31|location=Zhi XXVI}}</ref</ref> There is also a record of [[Emperor Yang of Sui]] sending troops to attack Liuqiu, three times in total. The first time was in 607, but because of the [[language]] barrier, only one person was "swept away and returned".<ref>{{Cite book |last=魏徵等 |title=《隋书{{!}}隋書》 |publisher=臺灣商務印書館 |year=2010 |isbn=9789570524994 |edition=2010 Reprinted |location=Taipei City |access-date=}}</ref> The following year, Zhu Kuan made a second attack, but they only "took his armor and returned".<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=隋書|chapter=卷81|location=流求國}}</ref> The third time was in 610, when Chen Rong and Zhang Zhenzhou led an army and captured thousands of men and women, and returned. Some scholars believe that the Riuqui Kingdom recorded in the Sui Shu is today's Taiwan, but others believe that the Riuqui Kingdom refers to the [[Ryukyu Islands]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/zhongguorenshiga0000boya |title=《中國人史綱》 |publisher=同心出版 |year=2005 |isbn=7-80716-121-3 |author-mask=柏楊 |access-date=2011-06-06}}</ref>
=== Song and Yuan dynasties ===
In 1171, Wang Dayou was the governor of Quanzhou, an area under the jurisdiction of [[Emperor Xiaozong of Song|Emperor Xiaozong]], who had an island called Penghu, where many Han Chinese lived.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=諸蕃志|author=|date=1225|authorlink=趙汝適|chapter=卷上|location=毗舍耶|quote=泉有海島曰彭湖，隸晉江縣。}}</ref> In order to prevent harassment, every year when the south wind rose, Wang Dayou sent troops to defend,<ref>{{Cite web |title=台湾历史 |url=http://gothenburg.chineseconsulate.org/chn/ztlm/twwt/ljtw/t224586.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605080454/http://gothenburg.chineseconsulate.org/chn/ztlm/twwt/ljtw/t224586.htm |archive-date=2017-06-05 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=中华人民共和国驻哥德堡总领事馆}}</ref> costing the army money, but it was still too much to handle.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=宋史|chapter=卷400|location=汪大猷|quote=起知泉州。毗舍邪嚐掠海濱居民，歲遣戍防之，勞費不貲。大猷作屋二百區，遣將留屯。}}</ref> So he built 200 houses and dispatched generals to reside in them.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=福建省地方志编纂委员会 |date=2015-10-24 |title=台湾的汪姓 |url=http://www.fjsq.gov.cn/fjSituationDetailPage.aspx?key=2437187feffc4328bd4bc7b5b891cf55 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811152304/http://www.fjsq.gov.cn/fjSituationDetailPage.aspx?key=2437187feffc4328bd4bc7b5b891cf55 |archive-date=2017-08-11 |access-date=2017-06-01 |website=福建省情资料库}}</ref> There are few records about the cross-strait trade during the Song and Yuan dynasties, but from the large number of ceramics excavated during the Song and Yuan dynasties,<ref>{{Harvnb|林滿紅|1994|loc=摘要}}</ref> Penghu should have been an important stopover for the foreign trade of mainland China at that time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=四、漢人到來 |url=http://teacher.whsh.tc.edu.tw/huanyin/tw_teaching_2d.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821160456/http://teacher.whsh.tc.edu.tw/huanyin/tw_teaching_2d.htm |archive-date=2018-08-21 |access-date=2017-06-08 |publisher=台灣歷史圖說}}</ref> According to the records, during the Song and Yuan dynasties, iron was a high-priced commodity in Taiwan, and the aborigines in Taiwan often had to wait for merchant ships from mainland China to dock and exchange food for iron from the people on board.<ref>{{Cite book |title=福建古代经济史 |publisher=福建教育出版社 |year=1995 |page=335 |quote=Song and Yuan dynasties, Taiwan's indigenous due to lack of iron and expensive iron, mainland ships to that will compete for food for easy nail iron. |author-mask=唐文基 |access-date=}}</ref> In his "Journal of the East of the Sea", Zhu Jingying of the Qing Dynasty said that he had received hundreds of Song money at the Chiayi port.
In 1281, [[Kublai Khan]] sent an envoy to [[Mongol invasions of Japan|invade Japan]], and most of his ships were sunk by a typhoon, and the remnants drifted to the west coast of Taiwan and Penghu.<ref name=":2">{{cite wikisource|title=臺灣通史|author=|date=1918|authorlink=連橫 (歷史學家)|chapter=卷1|location=開闢紀|quote=}}</ref> In 1292, Yuan Shizu sent an ambassador to appease Liuqiu,<ref>{{Cite book |title=重修台灣省通志 |publisher=台灣省文獻委員會 |year=1994 |location=臺北}}</ref> but after arriving, he could not speak the language with the locals and returned without success.<ref name=":1">{{cite wikisource|title=元史|chapter=卷210|location=琉求|quote=彭湖诸岛与琉求相对。}}</ref> In the third year of [[Temür Khan]]'s reign (1297), Fujian Province's Pingshang Minister of State was pleased to send provincial governor Zhang Hao and Fuzhou's new army Zhang Jin to the Ryukyu Kingdom,<ref name=":1" /> capturing more than 130 people and returning.<ref>{{Harvnb|屠薇君|2004|loc=第二章 中國歷代王朝對台灣的開發}}</ref> In the first month of the next year, the captured Ryukyu people were released and asked to submit to the Yuan Dynasty, but nothing happened after that. In 1330 and 1337, Wang Dayuan left from Quanzhou twice to trade with other countries. He recorded in the "Island Yi Zhi Lu" that Penghu belonged to Jinjiang County of [[Quanzhou]], and Ryukyu was one of the overseas countries.<ref name=":0" />
=== Pre-Ming Dynasty ===
In 1384, the Ming dynasty abolished the Penghu inspection division, and in 1563 the Penghu inspection division was reinstated to send troops to guard.<ref>{{Cite book |title=東番記 |year= |quote=The beginning of Yongle, Zheng Neiwu sailing advice to the barbarians, the East alone, do not listen to the agreement, so the family of a brass bell, so that the neck, cover the dog. To this day, it is still passed down as a treasure. |author-mask=陳第}}</ref> It is recorded in the "Dongfanji" that Zheng He visited Taiwan during his expedition in the early years of [[Yongle]], when the Dongfangyi (aborigines of Taiwan) hid and did not want to obey the restrictions, so Zheng He gave each family a brass bell to tie around their necks.<ref>{{Cite book |title=台湾府志 |chapter=卷一沿革 |quote=大井。明宣德间太监王三保到此，曾在此井取水，即今西定坊大井也。 |author-mask=蒋毓英}}</ref> The bronze bell was treated as a [[Ming treasure voyages|treasure]] by them. During the [[Xuande]] period, Zheng He's fleet went to Taiwan to draw water at the head of Dajingfang, and he also threw medicine into the water to heal the sicknesses of the local indigenous people.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=邱清华 |title=郑和下西洋与台湾 |url=http://qk.laicar.com/Home/Content/663095 |journal=东方收藏 |pages=2011012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313003758/http://qk.laicar.com/Home/Content/663095 |archive-date=2020-03-13 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref> In the 42nd year of [[Jiajing]] (1563), Lin Daoqian, a pirate of [[Quanzhou]] origin, gathered against the Ming Dynasty and was pursued by [[Yu Dayou]], the Ming Governor, and fled to Taiwan to settle in Jigong via Penghu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=海盜林道乾遭明都督俞大猷追擊，逃來臺灣，匿跡打鼓山。 |url=http://ikm.nmtl.gov.tw/index.php?option=com_klg&task=ddetail&id=1&Itemid=238 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004947/http://ikm.nmtl.gov.tw/index.php?option=com_klg&task=ddetail&id=1&Itemid=238 |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-05-31 |website=台湾文学知识平台 |publisher=國立台灣文學館}}</ref> He led hundreds of followers and enslaved the aborigines in Taiwan.<ref name=":2" /> The Aborigines were so angry that they agreed to kill [[Lin Daoqian]], but the news leaked out and they were killed by Lin Daoqian in a night attack. After Lin Daoqian, [[Limahong]], the leader of the [[Chaozhou]] pirates, was chased by Hu Shouren, the [[Ming dynasty|Ming Dynasty]]'s chief soldier, in 1574 and fled to Penghu, and then to Taiwan's Sprite Harbor (Bajang Xi Kou) as his base.<ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣史小事典 |publisher=遠流出版 |year=2000 |isbn=9573241617 |pages=13 |author-mask=遠流台灣館}}</ref> When Hu Shouren sent an order to the pirates to attack, Lin Feng and the others fled.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-09-15 |title=台湾——明代中国的海防要地 |url=http://www.chinanews.com/2000-09-15/26/46586.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812153802/http://www.chinanews.com/2000-09-15/26/46586.html |archive-date=2019-08-12 |access-date=2017-06-06 |website=中国新闻网}}</ref>
== Modern times ==
=== Japanese invasion and Ming Dynasty defense ===
[[File:顏思齊開拓臺灣登陸紀念碑.JPG|thumb|The monument to the landing of Yan Siqi in [[Beigang, Yunlin|Beigang]]]]
According to Shen Yourong, a Ming coast guard general, who wrote in the "Minhai Gift", he had "entered Dongfan three times to destroy the Japanese and drive away the Dutch".<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=百家讲坛 |date=2010-04-27 |title=明万历年间大将沈有容：被遗忘的收复台湾第一人 |url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhongguogudaishi/detail_2010_04/27/1461156_0.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812082604/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhongguogudaishi/detail_2010_04/27/1461156_0.shtml |archive-date=2019-08-12 |access-date=2017-06-06 |website=凤凰网}}</ref> In July of 1602, the [[Wokou]] plundered the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang, and then fled to Dongfan as their lair.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-24 |title=历史上的收复台湾:1602年沈有容挥师入台灭倭寇 |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098351.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098351.shtml |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-06-05 |website=新浪网 |publisher=中国台湾网}}</ref> On the one hand, Fujian Quanzhou defender Shen Youyong Duji sent people to scout the enemy, understand the climate, wind direction and sea current, build ships, train troops and store food. In the winter of the same year, Zhu Yunchang, the governor of Fujian, issued a secret order to "fight against the Japanese in the East" and Shen Youyong led 24 ships across the sea to Taiwan and defeated the Japanese. He burned and sank 6 Japanese ships, beheaded 15 heads and took back more than 370 captives. Shen Youyong was stationed in Da Ren for more than 20 days, and [[Chen Di]], who was accompanying him, wrote the article "Dongfan Ji" based on the customs of [[Taiwanese indigenous peoples]].<ref name=":3" />
=== Dutch, Western and Han Chinese in Taiwan ===
[[File:Dutch and Spanish Taiwan zh-hans.svg|left|thumb|Mainland China on the west coast of the strait was the Ming Dynasty, and the island of Taiwan on the east coast of the strait was ruled by Dutch, Spanish and aboriginal regimes]]
In 1604, when the Dutchman Wei Malang occupied [[Penghu]], Shen Youyong, the Ming Dynasty's chief minister of Wuzhou, led 50 ships (about 2,000 men) to Penghu and asked Wei Malang to leave. Due to the disparity in strength between the two sides, Wei Malang left Penghu on December 15 and went to Taiwan to find a stronghold.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-07-19 |title=全台第一碑沈有容諭退紅毛番韋麻郎等 |url=http://www.phsea.com.tw/travel/index.php/全台第一碑沈有容諭退紅毛番韋麻郎等 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074351/http://www.phsea.com.tw/travel/index.php/%E5%85%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%A2%91%E6%B2%88%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B9%E8%AB%AD%E9%80%80%E7%B4%85%E6%AF%9B%E7%95%AA%E9%9F%8B%E9%BA%BB%E9%83%8E%E7%AD%89 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=澎湖资讯网 |publisher=澎湖時報}}</ref> This incident is recorded on the monument of Shen Youyong's advice to the retreat of the Red Maoists in the [[Penghu Tianhou Temple]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Wills |first=John E., Jr. |title=Taiwan: A New History |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7656-1495-7 |editor-last=Rubinstein |editor-first=Murray A. |pages=84–106 |chapter=The Seventeenth-century Transformation: Taiwan under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime}}</ref> In 1622, [[Jan Pieterszoon Coen]], the governor of the [[Dutch East India Company]] in [[Indonesia]], sent Lei Yosheng to Penghu and established [[Fengguiwei Fort]] as a trading base.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=周婉窈 |title=〈明清文獻中「臺灣非明版圖」例證〉 |url=http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~wanyaochou/paper/4-2.pdf |format=pdf |journal=《鄭欽仁教授榮退紀念論文集》 |publisher=稻鄉出版 |publication-place=臺北市 |pages=267-293 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017094119/http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~wanyaochou/paper/4-2.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2017-05-28}}</ref> In 1624, Ming General [[Yu Dayou]] led an army to surround the Dutch and after eight months of fierce battle, the Dutch evacuated Penghu and moved to Taiwan to set up [[Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)|Fort Zeelandia]] as a base.<ref name=":4" /> The Dutch East India Company recruited Han Chinese from the coast of Fujian Province of China and Penghu to cultivate in Taiwan, and many of them later settled in Taiwan. The genealogy of the Yan clan in [[Anhai]] and the genealogy of the Guo clan in Fenyang, and Dongshi both contain records of the migration of families into Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=彭文宇：历史上闽台家庭与家族交往 |url=http://www.huaxia.com/zt/2001-19/32797.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818051404/http://www.huaxia.com/zt/2001-19/32797.html |archive-date=2019-08-18 |access-date=2016-10-20 |website=华夏经纬}}</ref>
According to legend, in 1621, [[Pedro Yan Shiqi]], a [[Zhangzhou]] citizen, came to Taiwan from Nagasaki, Japan, and set up a fortress in the area of Zhu Luo Mountain, engaging in farming, hunting, and trading activities. When the news spread back to the mainland, it attracted a large number of poor people from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou to come across the sea and join them, numbering as many as 3,000 people. In 1625 Yan Shiqi died of illness, and [[Zheng Zhilong]] ([[Koxinga]]'s father) succeeded him.<ref group="Notes">In the 13th year of Chongzhen (1640), the Ming court promoted Zheng Zhilong to be the chief military officer of Fujian, and he was appointed as the Dudou Tongji (from the first rank).</ref> In 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen) in September, Zheng Zhilong was recruited by the Ming court and returned to the mainland with more than 30,000 men and more than 1,000 ships as the "Five Tiger Guerrilla General" and was stationed in [[Anhai]]. During the Fujian disaster, Zheng Zhilong sent tens of thousands of starving people to Taiwan to earn a living, and the related expenses were then returned to Zheng Zhilong in the form of rent and taxes. In addition, Zheng Zhilong broke the [[Haijin]] and almost monopolized the trade between the coast of mainland China and Taiwan, Macau, Japan, and the Philippines.<ref>{{Harvnb|屠薇君|2004|loc=Chapter 3: 明朝前期海峽兩岸關係的曲折發展}}</ref>
In 1626, the Spaniard Vardes led a fleet of ships from [[Manila]], Philippines, along the east coast of Taiwan to Keelung Island in [[Keelung|Keelung City]] to establish the city of San Salvador as the center of rule.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.tiprc.org.tw/blog_wp/?p=9403 |title=西班牙人在臺灣（1626-1642） |collaboration=李毓中等译 |publisher=國史館台灣文獻館 |isbn=986007769X |location=南投市 |pages=36 |author-mask=荷西．馬利亞．阿瓦列斯 |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://www.tiprc.org.tw/blog_wp/?p=9403 |archive-date=2019-03-05}}</ref> Although the Spaniards were not allowed to start official trade with the [[Ming dynasty|Ming Dynasty]], they attracted smugglers to do business in Jilong by exempting them from customs duties, [[tariff]], and even entry inspection.<ref>{{Cite book |title=福爾摩沙如何變成臺灣府? |publisher=遠流 |year=2007-03-07 |isbn=9789573259404 |pages=172 |author-mask=歐陽泰}}</ref>
In 1633 (the sixth year of Chongzhen), the [[Dutch East India Company]] used Taiwan as a base to blockade and plunder the coast of Fujian on the mainland.<ref>Translated by Cheng Shaogang, The Dutch in Formosa, UNBEC, 2000</ref> The Ming navy under the leadership of [[Zheng Zhilong]] defeated the Dutch East India Company and the pirate alliance, which is known as the [[Battle of Liaoluo Bay]].<ref>{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|p=139}}</ref>The Han Chinese in Taiwan also rebelled against Dutch rule, the better known being the [[Guo Huaiyi rebellion]] in 1652.<ref>[[:zh:黃昭堂|黃昭堂]] An Exploration of Taiwanese Consciousness before the Second World War," Essays on the Fall of Taiwan, Taipei: Modern Academic Research Foundation, p. 82</ref> At that time, 4,000 to 5,000 Han Chinese participated, about a quarter of the total number of Han Chinese in Taiwan, and were suppressed after 12 days, with 3,000 to 4,000 Han Chinese dead.<ref>Johannes Huber, translated by Lin Weisheng, "Chinese Immigrants Against the East India Company: The Guo Huaiyi Incident of 1652", Taiwan Literature, vol. 53, no. 3, p. 119</ref>
The territory of Taiwan is described in the "[[History of Ming]] Dynasty" by [[Zhang Tingyu]] of the Qing Dynasty as "its land, from the north to the highest peak in the south, can be more than 1,000 miles; in the east from Doroman, in the west to Wangcheng, can be more than 900 miles".<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=明史|author=|authorlink=張廷玉|wslanguage=zh|chapter=卷323|location=列傳第二百一十一 外國四|quote=}}</ref> It is worth noting that Jigong, together with Ryukyu, [[Luzon]], and [[Brunei]], was included in the chapter of "The Fourth of the Two Hundred and Eleven Foreign Countries", which was not included in the Ming Dynasty's territory.<ref>{{Cite book |title=海洋與殖民地臺灣論集 |publisher=聯經出版事業公司 |year=2012-03-23 |isbn=9570839554 |pages=151-152 |author-mask=周婉窈}}</ref>
=== Zheng Chenggong fights back against the Dutch ===
{{See also|Southern Ming|Kingdom of Tungning}}
[[File:Chikan Tower - Dutch surrender statue.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Dutch people]] surrendering to [[Koxinga]]]]
In 1644, the [[Ming dynasty|Ming Dynasty]] fell, and the Ming clans of [[Zhu Yousong]], [[Zhu Yihai]], and [[Zhu Yujian]] established the [[Southern Ming]] regime. Among them, [[Zhu Yujian]] of Tang was crowned emperor by the brothers Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Hongkui in 1645 in [[Fuzhou]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=臺灣史 |collaboration=吳文星 |publisher=五南圖書出版股份有限公司 |year=2002 |isbn=9571127388 |location=台湾 |pages=52 |author-mask=黃秀政 |author-mask2=張勝彥}}</ref> In 1646, the Qing army entered Fujian, Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and Zheng Chenggong left for Kinmen.<ref group="Notes">After Zheng Chenggong came to Taiwan, he received King Lu's son Zhu Honghuan, King Luxi Zhu Ci Kuang, King Badong Zhu Jiang, King Le'an Zhu Jun, King Shucheng Zhu Zhi, King Fengnan Zhu, King Yi Zhu Zirconium, and other Ming clansmen to Taiwan.</ref> In 1647, Zheng Chenggong formally swore to rebel against the Qing Dynasty under the name of [[House of Zhu]] and recruited and claimed the surname of the sinful subjects of the great general, and fought for more than ten years in the southeast coast of the mainland, and helped the Ming clan and the people to cross the sea and settle in Taiwan.<ref>陳錦昌，2004，《鄭成功的台灣時代》，p.053-073。台北：向日葵文化。</ref> Since the Dutch often robbed Chinese merchant ships, Zheng Chenggong warned the Dutch twice between the tenth (1656) and fourteenth (1660) years of the Yongli era to stop robbing merchant ships or they would not trade with them.<ref name=":5">{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|loc=第四章 鄭成功收復台灣與清朝的統一}}</ref> In April 1661, Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships into Taiwan under the name of "Great General of the Ming Recruiting Army" and forced the Dutch East India Company to sign a contract of surrender on February 1, 1662, after the Battle of Jelanzai.<ref>《[[:zh:先王實錄|先王實錄]]》：「承天府安平鎮，本藩暫建都於此，文武各官及總鎮大小將領家眷暫住於此。」</ref> Zheng Chenggong set up Chengtianfu in Taiwan and tried to rebel against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, but he died soon afterward.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.smcbook.com.tw/smc/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=13189 |title=穿梭府城今昔 |publisher=台南市政府 |year=2009 |isbn=9789868531635 |pages=64 |chapter=末代王孙朱術桂 |author-mask=台灣英文新聞股份有限公司編輯部 |access-date=2022-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513121920/https://www.smcbook.com.tw/smc/index.php?route=product%2Fproduct&product_id=13189 |archive-date=2021-05-13}}</ref> After Cheng Cheng succeeded to the throne, due to the fear of insufficient legitimacy of his rule, he welcomed the Great Ming King of Ningjing, [[Zheng Jing]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=明郑王朝 |url=http://www.jianglishi.cn/shijian/mzwc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182244/http://www.jianglishi.cn/shijian/mzwc.html |archive-date=2017-06-29 |access-date=2017-07-12 |website=讲历史}}</ref> from Kinmen to Taiwan in 1663 and renamed Taiwan as Dongning, still serving the Ming dynasty in name and setting up the [[Tainan Confucian Temple]] in 1665.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=林珮瑩 |title=臺南孔廟的研究 |journal=國立成功大學中國文學系碩博士班碩士論文 |publisher=國立成功大學 |publication-place=臺南市}}</ref>
On April 21, 1674, [[Geng Jingzhong]], the King of Jingnan of the Qing Dynasty, rose against the Qing Dynasty and invited Zheng Jing across the sea for a western expedition. After [[Zheng Jing]] crossed the sea, he asked Geng Jingzhong to claim [[Zhangzhou]] and Quanzhou, but after being refused, he sent troops to occupy Haicheng and [[Tong'an District]], and the two sides began to fight. In 1675, Geng Jingzhong negotiated with Zheng Jing to settle the war with Fengting as the boundary, the north belonged to Geng and the south to Zheng. In 1676, Zheng Jing defeated the Pingnan King [[Shang Zhixin]] and occupied [[Huizhou]]. After Zheng Jing had the four state capitals of Zhang, Quan, [[Chaozhou]], and Huizhou, he captured Tingzhou, and Geng Jingzhong had to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. After Geng Jingzhong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Jing, who faced the Qing army alone, was defeated and finally retreated to Xiamen.
In 1677, the Qing Dynasty started peace talks with Zheng Jing again, and Prince Kang of the Qing Dynasty promised in a letter that if Zheng Jing retreated from the islands off the coast of China, he would promise to make Dongning a vassal of the Qing Dynasty in the same way as Korea, and to trade with Dongning without suspicion forever.<ref name=":6">{{cite wikisource|title=臺灣通史|author=|date=1918|authorlink=連橫 (歷史學家)|chapter=卷2|location=建國紀|quote=}}</ref> In 1678, a letter from the Qing general Lai Ta to Zheng Jing claimed that if Zheng's army was willing to retreat to Taiwan, then Zheng could stay in Taiwan forever, with the same status as Joseon and Japan, without having to shave his hair and change his clothes, and pay tribute to his subjects all by his own will.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=宋貴龍 |year=2008 |title=鄭氏王朝及其對台灣的統治 |journal=國立中山大學中山學術研究所碩士論文 |location=高雄市 |publisher=國立中山大學}}</ref> In 1680, Zheng Jing was defeated and retreated from Xiamen to Taiwan. On March 17, 1681, when Zheng Jing died, the important officer [[Feng Xifan]] killed [[Zheng Kezang]] and established his brother [[Zheng Keshuang]], which led to the deterioration of the state and the disintegration of the people.<ref name=":6" />
[[File:1894 Taiwan.svg|thumb|The administrative boundaries of Taiwan Province in Fujian in 1894, with the uncontrolled territories in black and the claimed control of the [[Taitung Prefecture]] in gray]]
=== Qing Dynasty included Taiwan in its map ===
{{Seealso|Qin's wars of unification}}
On July 10, 1683 (the 22nd year of Kangxi), the [[Kangxi Emperor]] of the Qing Dynasty sent [[Shi Lang]] to attack Taiwan with more than 20,000 troops and 200 ships on land and water. After seven days of fierce fighting, the elite of [[Zheng Keshuang]]'s army was completely wiped out.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-24 |title=1683年康熙帝和平统一海峡两岸 |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098353.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098353.shtml |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-06-05 |website=新浪网 |publisher=中国台湾网}}</ref> On July 20, the King of Ningjing, Zhu Jungui, committed suicide and martyred himself, while Zheng Ke-chiao formally submitted his surrender on September 17, and on October 3, Qing troops entered Taiwan to accept the surrender.<ref name=":5" /> In the following year, Taiwan was established as Taiwan Prefecture, which was under the jurisdiction of Taiwan, Fengshan and Zhu Luo counties, and was subordinate to Taixia Province of Fujian Province, and promulgated the "Rules of Taiwan for the Investigation of Exile" to strictly control the number of mainland Han Chinese crossing into Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=王泰升 |url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7OkYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&source=bl&ots=iDZ1RTDNK_&sig=LZ3AzFG8qV8m83n8wY6My6bmBt4&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG5da6_M_QAhUCW5QKHXfgAQQ4KBDoAQg_MAc#v=onepage&q=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&f=false |title=追尋臺灣法律的足跡: 事件百選與法律史研究 |last2=薛化元 |last3=黃世杰 |publisher=台灣五南圖書出版股份有限公司 |year=2015-07-17 |isbn=9789571178615 |access-date=2017-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305002642/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7OkYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&source=bl&ots=iDZ1RTDNK_&sig=LZ3AzFG8qV8m83n8wY6My6bmBt4&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG5da6_M_QAhUCW5QKHXfgAQQ4KBDoAQg_MAc#v=onepage&q=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&f=false |archive-date=2017-03-05}}</ref> At the early stage of the establishment of Taiwan, the Qing court authorized the Fujian governor to transfer officials from the mainland of Fujian Province to Taiwan from each other. Therefore, most of the officials in Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty were from [[Fuzhou]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=-YMwbIzRE2AC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&source=bl&ots=lSxCzFbwGS&sig=98ZWYaLxV6Os1WdT3i14ReqbbMo&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8yPD7kdLPAhVrL8AKHYe9AH4Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&f=false |title=闽台缘与闽南凤: 闽台关系, 闽台社会与闽南文化研究 |publisher=福建教育出版社 |year=2006 |author-mask=汪毅夫 |access-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012152530/https://books.google.de/books?id=-YMwbIzRE2AC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&source=bl&ots=lSxCzFbwGS&sig=98ZWYaLxV6Os1WdT3i14ReqbbMo&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8yPD7kdLPAhVrL8AKHYe9AH4Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&f=false |archive-date=2016-10-12}}</ref>
In 1721, [[Zhu Yigui]] made himself king of Taiwan and named his country "Da Ming", but he was soon destroyed by the Qing army, and in late 1731 (the ninth year of the Yongzheng era of the Qing Dynasty), the [[Taokas people]], the aborigines of Taiwan, launched an armed resistance against the government. Hao Yulin, the acting governor of Fujian at that time, sent Wang County, the chief soldier of Taiwan, to supervise the conquest, and more than 6,000 soldiers were recruited from [[mainland China]] to conquer Taiwan. The incident lasted for seven months, and finally, the chiefs of Taiwan surrendered at the head of the army.<ref>[[:zh:周璽_(嘉慶進士)|周璽]]《彰化縣志》卷六·田賦志·番丁</ref> Thirteen chiefs, including Lin Li, were executed in accordance with the Qing law, and the Shalong chief was found guilty of abetting the conspiracy and was sentenced to death.<ref>[[:zh:國立故宮博物院|國立故宮博物院]]《宮中檔雍正朝奏摺》二十輯</ref>
After the Qing court ruled Taiwan, trade between Taiwan and the mainland became more prosperous. At that time, Taiwan's main exports were rice, deer skins, and sugar, and imports were textiles, herbs, and other daily necessities, and the three main trading ports were Fucheng (now Tainan Anping), Lugang (now Changhua Lugang), and Monga (now Taipei Wanhua). The common name "One Fu, Two Lu and Three Monga" describes the most prosperous trading ports during this period. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of immigrants came to Taiwan, and there were many conflicts of interest between the first and second arriving groups.<ref>{{Cite web |title=從漁獵到現代化 |url=http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2006/ypjh/a/a6.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130025300/http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2006/ypjh/a/a6.htm |archive-date=2016-11-30 |access-date=2016-10-13}}</ref> For example, there were Min-Yue armed battles between the He-lo people of Fujian and the Hakka and Chaozhou people of Guangdong; Quan-Zhang armed battles between the [[Quanzhou]] and Zhangzhou people of Fujian; and Xipi-Fulu armed battles between the Xiqu schools.<ref>{{Cite web |title=西皮福祿之爭 |url=http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2008/cowandhorse/4/4-2/index_.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218163752/http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2008/cowandhorse/4/4-2/index_.htm |archive-date=2017-12-18 |access-date=2017-05-30}}</ref> However, there were also collaborations among the various ethnic groups in Taiwan during this period. For example, in 1796, when Wu Sha was reclaiming Clam Chai, there were Zhang, Quan and [[Hakka people]] who joined the reclamation.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=戴寶村 |title=移民臺灣：臺灣移民歷史的考察 |url=http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/web-life/taiwan/9608/9608-14.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929123211/http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/web-life/taiwan/9608/9608-14.htm |archive-date=2016-09-29 |access-date=2016-10-12 |website=台湾月刊 |publisher=台湾省政府}}</ref>
=== Governance of Taiwan in the late Qing Dynasty ===
After the [[Second Opium War]] in 1860, the Qing government agreed to open Taiwan to trade in Anping and Danshui, and soon opened the two ports of Dog and Jidong. 1874, Japan sent troops to Taiwan to create the Mudangsha Incident. 1875, the Qing government sent [[Shen Baozhen]] as the Minister of the Imperial Household to Taiwan for inspection, and transferred 6,500 men from Tang Dingkui's army stationed in Xuzhou to Taiwan for garrisoning. In the end, it was settled by the signing of the Beijing Treaty between China and Japan.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/zheyangdushigeng0000yuqi |title=这样读史更有趣 |publisher=中国城市出版社 |year=2007-05-01 |isbn=9787507418552 |chapter=第八篇3.是是非非李鸿章 |author-mask=渔樵耕读}}</ref> This diplomatic incident prompted the Qing court to lift the ban on mainland Chinese people crossing to Taiwan for cultivation, and Taiwan was fully opened up.<ref>{{Cite book |title=近代中國外交的巨變——外交制度與中外關係變化的研究 |publisher=商務出版社 |year=1991 |isbn=9789570503968 |location=香港 |author-mask=梁伯華}}</ref>
During the [[Sino-French War]] in 1884, French Admiral Lupo occupied Keelung, attacked Danshui, blocked the Taiwan Strait, and harassed the Chinese coastal provinces.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=林君成 |title=十九世紀中國的禦侮戰爭－以中法戰爭臺灣戰役（1883-1885）為論述中心 |journal=中國文化大學史學研究所博士論文 |location=臺北市 |publisher=中國文化大學 |publication-date=2007}}</ref> On July 29, 1885, [[Zuo Zongtang]] explained the reasons for the rapid transformation of Taiwan into a province in his "Request for the transfer of the governor of Fujian to Taiwan to take charge of Taiwan's defense".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-24 |title=台防紧要请移福建巡抚驻台镇摄折（1885年7月29日） |url=http://lishi.zhuixue.net/renwu/zuozongtang/25415.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://lishi.zhuixue.net/renwu/zuozongtang/25415.html |archive-date=2019-03-05 |website=追学网}}</ref> In October of the same year,<ref>劉寧顏 編：《重修臺灣省通志》，[[:zh:臺北市|臺北市]]；[[:zh:臺灣省文獻委員會|臺灣省文獻委員會]]，1994年。</ref> the Qing court established the Fujian Province of Taiwan to control the former Fujian Province of Taiwan and Taipei Province.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=清史稿|chapter=卷416|location=卷四百十六 劉銘傳}}</ref> During his tenure as governor of Taiwan,<ref name=":7" /> Liu Ming Chuan expanded the number of provinces, created new counties,<ref>{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|loc=台湾建省与刘铭传“理番”|p=194}}</ref> and promoted a series of foreign affairs reforms, making Taiwan the most modernized province in the Qing Empire at that time.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=顧瑞鈴 |year=2008 |title=劉銘傳新政之研究 |journal=銘傳大學應用中國文學系碩士在職專班碩士論文 |location=桃園縣 |publisher=銘傳大學}}</ref>
[[File:《马关条约》签字时的情景.jpg|thumb|Japanese drawing of the signing of the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]]]]
=== Qing Dynasty ceded Taiwan to Japan ===
{{Seealso|Taiwan under Japanese rule}}
[[File:Ando Rikichi surrender.jpg|thumb|On October 25, 1945, at [[Zhongshan Hall]], General [[Rikichi Andō]] signed and stamped on the Receipt of Order No. 1 of General [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]]'s Department, and then passed it to General [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]] via General Haruki Kikeyama]]
[[Qing dynasty|Qing Dynasty]] was defeated by Japan in the [[First Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]] and signed the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]] on April 17, 1895, ceding Taiwan and Penghu to Japan.<ref name=":7" /> The news reached Taiwan, and the then governor of Taiwan, [[Tang Jingsong]], issued the "Declaration of Independence of Taiwan Democracy" on May 25, but still held the Qing Dynasty as the suzerain state.<ref>{{Cite book |last=王育德 |title=《臺灣：苦悶的歷史》 |publisher=臺灣青年社 |year=1979 |edition=中文修訂版 |location=東京都 |pages=107 |access-date=}}</ref> on June 2, both Qing and Japan completed the handover of Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite book |title=日本帝國主義下之臺灣 |collaboration=林明德] |publisher=財團法人吳三連台灣史料基金會 |year=2014-12-10 |isbn=9789868973749 |author-mask=矢內原忠雄}}</ref> and the Japanese army entered Tainan on October 21 to exterminate the regime of Taiwan Democracy.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=鄭政誠 |year=2006 |title=日治時期臺灣總督府對福建鐵路的規劃與佈局（1898-1912） |url=http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~hi/chinese/HISBOOK10/His_10_1.pdf |journal=《史匯》 |publisher=國立中央大學歷史研究所 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305022624/http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~hi/chinese/HISBOOK10/His_10_1.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-05 |access-date=2017-05-27 |quote=Soon after the Japanese took over Taiwan, they used Taiwan as their base and started the invasion of Fujian.}}</ref> Taiwan became a Japanese colony and a base for the Japanese invasion of mainland China.<ref>{{Harvnb|梁華璜|2001}}</ref> The Taiwan Governorate, as the vanguard of the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese Empire]]'s implementation of its southward policy, formulated policies specifically for Fujian and carried out cultural infiltration by founding schools, setting up hospitals, building shrines and operating newspapers on the mainland, which had a profound impact on the development of modern Fujian society.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=毛章清 |year=2010 |title=略论日据时期台湾总督府对厦门的新闻殖民活动 |url=http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn:8080/dspace/bitstream/id/36627/license.txt/;jsessionid=8C15120CCC8C57E2C593C49793E9EADA |journal=中国青年政治学院学报 |pages=125 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021000809/http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn:8080/dspace/bitstream/id/36627/license.txt/;jsessionid=8C15120CCC8C57E2C593C49793E9EADA |archive-date=2016-10-21 |access-date=2016-10-20}}</ref>
Around 1896, the then governor of Taiwan, [[Kodama Gentarō]], sent the then abbot of Lanyang Temple in Yilan, Taiwan, Venerable Gasshohiro to Xiamen to preach. On August 24, 1900, the temple was burned down and on August 25, the Japanese governor of Taiwan sent an army to cross the sea and prepare to occupy Xiamen. The Western powers reacted strongly, and the British, Germans, Americans and Russians all brought their warships into the [[Port of Xiamen]], and the British marines landed in the British Concession. This is known as the "Xiamen Incident" in history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-21 |title=1900年美國報紙頭版的“廈門事件” 究竟發生了什麼事 |url=http://fj.people.com.cn/BIG5/n2/2016/0321/c234949-27973471-2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020174143/http://fj.people.com.cn/BIG5/n2/2016/0321/c234949-27973471-2.html |archive-date=2016-10-20 |access-date=2016-10-20 |website=人民网 |publisher=1900年美國報紙頭版的“廈門事件” 究竟發生了什麼事}}</ref>
After the founding of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] in 1912, Taiwan's [[Chiang Wei-shui|Chiang Wei-Shui]], [[Tu Tsung-ming]] and Weng Chun-Ming joined the Taiwan branch of the [[Tongmenghui]] one after another.<ref>{{Cite book |last=莊永明 |title=臺灣百人傳 |isbn=9571333271}}</ref> 1928 saw the establishment of the Taiwan Communist Party in the [[Shanghai French Concession]] under the guidance of the [[Chinese Communist Party]], which advocated the overthrow of Japanese rule in Taiwan and the establishment of the Taiwan Republic.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=曾郁明 |year=2006 |title=巨變與衝擊:論社會主義思潮對台灣左翼運動的影響(以1920~1937年論述) |journal=國立臺灣師範大學政治學研究所碩士論文 |location=臺北市 |publisher=國立臺灣師範大學 |access-date=}}</ref> After September 1931, the Taiwan Communist Party ceased operations due to the arrest and imprisonment of a large number of party members. In 1934 and 1936, the [[Fujian Provincial Government|Fujian provincial government]] twice organized delegations to Taiwan for inspection. when Japanese rule over Taiwan began in 1895, Taiwan's economy was not yet as large as that of Fujian. However, after nearly 40 years of Japanese operation, Taiwan had far surpassed Fujian. Therefore, the Taiwan Study Tour Report recommended Fujian learn from Taiwan's economic model.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=ITrQDAAAQBAJ&hl=zh-CN&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=民國文學與文化研究 第二輯 |year=2016 |page=250 |access-date=2016-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025045525/https://books.google.de/books?id=ITrQDAAAQBAJ&hl=zh-CN&source=gbs_navlinks_s |archive-date=2016-10-25}}</ref>
After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Taiwanese civilians living in China, under the leadership of Li Youbang, formed the Taiwan Volunteer Force to fight against Japan.<ref>{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|loc=第七章 從五四運動到台灣光復期間海峽兩岸革命情結}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣義勇隊: 台灣抗日團體在大陸的活動, 1937-1945 |publisher=五南圖書出版股份有限公司 |isbn=9867332792 |author-mask=王政文}}</ref> On February 23, 1938, the [[Soviet Volunteer Group]] bombed the [[Taihoku Air Strike]] in Taipei in the name of the First Brigade of the [[Republic of China Air Force]].<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=周湘雲 |date=2015-12-25 |title=敵機來襲！──中美盟軍轟炸臺灣的歷史全記錄 |url=https://gushi.tw/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%96%B0%E7%AB%B9%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%A0%81%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020931/https://gushi.tw/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%96%B0%E7%AB%B9%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%A0%81%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2/ |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=Story Studio Inc}}</ref> on December 9, 1941, the National Government of the Republic of China officially declared war on Japan and declared all treaties against Japan null and void.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=國民政府對日本宣戰布告|date=1941-12-09|quote=所有一切條約、協定、合同，有涉及中、日間之關係者，一律廢止。}}</ref> On November 25, 1943, the 14th Air Force of the [[United States Army Air Forces]] in China and the First Brigade of the [[Chinese-American Composite Wing (Provisional)|Chinese-American Composite Wing]] launched 14 [[North American B-25 Mitchell|B-25]] bombers from [[Suichuan County|Suichuan]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-31 |title=中美混合團成立70週年紀念特展－空襲日軍駐新竹基地（民國32年11月25日） |url=http://museum.mnd.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=1458&p=59307 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203754/http://museum.mnd.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=1458&p=59307 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=国军历史文物馆 |publisher=國防部}}</ref> Jiangxi Province, China, and bombed the Japanese air base at Hsinchu,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=開羅宣言|date=1943-12-01|quote=all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and The Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China.}}</ref> destroying 52 Japanese planes, In July 1945, China, Britain and the U.S. issued the [[Potsdam Declaration]],<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中美英三國促令日本投降之波茨坦公告|date=1945-07-26|quote=(8) The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.}}</ref> which made it clear that "the terms of the [[1943 Cairo Declaration|Cairo Declaration]] must be implemented" as one of the necessary conditions for [[Surrender of Japan|Japan's surrender]].<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=降伏文書|date=1945-09-02|quote=茲接受美、中、英三國政府首領於一九四五年七月二十六日在波茨坦所發表，其後又經蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯邦所加入之公告所列舉之條款。中英美蘇四國在此文件中將被稱為盟邦。}}</ref> on September 2, Japan formally accepted the terms of the Potsdam Proclamation and surrendered to the Allies.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.readbooks.cc/book/11/detail_769730.htm |title=天皇和日本投降 |publisher=档案出版社 |year=1992 |isbn=9787800193330 |author-mask=蔡德金译 |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422123809/http://www.readbooks.cc/book/11/detail_769730.htm |archive-date=2017-04-22}}</ref>
=== The Republic of China takes over Taiwan ===
{{Seealso|Occupation of Japan}}
On August 29, 1945, [[Chiang Kai-shek]]. appointed [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]], then chairman of [[Fujian]] Province, as the chief executive of [[Taiwan Province]],<ref>{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|loc=第九章 台灣回歸祖國與國民政府對台灣的治理}}</ref> and on October 15, Kuomintang troops disembarked at Keelung Harbor, and on October 25, the Republic of China formally took over Taiwan and Penghu, designating that day as Taiwan's [[Retrocession Day]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-27 |title=關於「臺灣主權未定論」之答客問 |url=http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=D9D16583771833FD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407150626/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=D9D16583771833FD |archive-date=2016-04-07 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=中華民國外交部}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-28 |title=異哉所謂「臺灣法律地位未定論」：請勿自我矮化國格 |url=http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=9BDC9C8320E17429 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307041730/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=9BDC9C8320E17429 |archive-date=2016-03-07 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=中華民國外交部}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-23 |title=「臺灣的國際法地位」說帖 |url=http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=A421F866010C8490 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817121812/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=A421F866010C8490 |archive-date=2017-08-17 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=中華民國外交部}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author-mask=林良昇 |title=國際法觀點 學者：台灣被中華民國政府佔領70年 |work=自由時報 |publisher=臺北市] |publication-date=2015-10-24 |url=http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/1485820}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author-mask=民視新聞 |title=開羅宣言無法律效力 舊金山和約位階高 |work=民視 |publisher=高雄市 |publication-date=2016-12-01 |url=http://news.ftv.com.tw/NewsContent.aspx?ntype=class&sno=2016C01P10M1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author-mask=林朝億 |title=蔣介石提台灣是托管地書信 國史館網站可查到 |publication-date=2017-01-03 |url=http://newtalk.tw/news/view/2017-01-03/80661}}</ref> At the end of February 1947,<ref>{{Cite book |title=國際法與國際事務論叢 |publisher=臺灣商務印書館 |year=1995 |isbn=9570506997 |location=臺北市 |author-mask=徐熙光}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |author-mask=湯熙勇 |title=恢復國籍的爭議：戰後旅外臺灣人的復籍問題(1945-47) |url=http://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/app/journal.php?vol=17&num=02&year=2005&pdf=cc1725.pdf |journal=人文及社會科學集刊 |type=pdf |publisher=中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心}}</ref> there was a series of civil-military conflicts in Taiwan,<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite book |title={{!}}美國對外關係{{!}}Foreign Relations Series{{!}}Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946 |publisher=美國政府印務局{{!}}United States Government Printing Office{{!}}United States Government Printing Office |year=1971 |author-mask=美國國務院{{!}}Department of State}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.koryu.or.jp/08_03_03_01_middle.nsf/1384a27fc6686a1a49256798000a62f6/9c5e151017fdbbd549256b19000ee01c/$FILE/hoilin2.pdf |title=戰後台灣人之國籍變更與國家認同──以澀谷事件之考察為中心 |last=何義麟 |date= |publisher=財團法人交流協會 |location=臺北市 |page=6-11 |access-date=2017-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016025143/https://www.koryu.or.jp/08_03_03_01_middle.nsf/1384a27fc6686a1a49256798000a62f6/9c5e151017fdbbd549256b19000ee01c/$FILE/hoilin2.pdf |archive-date=2016-10-16}}</ref> and Chen Yi secretly requested Chiang Chung Cheng to send more troops from mainland China to suppress them.
From 1948 onward, as the [[Republic of China Armed Forces]] lost successive battles in the Second Nationalist-Communist Civil War, Chiang began to relocate the National Government, military units, military dependents, National Palace relics, treasury assets and related archives to Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/1949dachetui0000lint |title=1949大撤退 |publisher=聯經出版事業公司 |year=2009-08-24 |isbn=957083451X |author-mask=林桶法}}</ref> from 1945 to 1950, nearly two million military and civilians from all over mainland China moved to Taiwan.<ref group="Notes">The 1944 census conducted by the Taiwan Governor's Office showed that the population of Taiwan and Penghu was only 6.27 million.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=寶島眷村背后的國共恩仇 |publisher=人民日報社 |author-mask=《文史參考》2011年第22期}}</ref> These mainland immigrants were called foreigners in Taiwan to distinguish them from the earlier immigrants to Taiwan from the province.
== The present age ==
{{Main|Cross-Strait relations}}
=== Military Confrontation ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width = 200
| image1 = 蔣中正肖像(上色).jpg
| alt1 = 400
| caption1 = President of Kuomintang, China [[Chiang Kai-shek]]
| alt2 = 400
| caption2 = Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China [[Mao Zedong]]
| align = left
| header = Top leaders of both sides of the Nationalist and Communist civil wars
| width1 = 300
| width2 = 300
}}
[[File:UN2758 zh.JPG|thumb|[[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758]] of 1971]]
On March 15, 1949, the [[Xinhua News Agency]] published an editorial titled "The Chinese People Must Liberate Taiwan", raising the slogan of "[[Chinese unification]]" for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=“一定要解放台湾” |url=http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64170/4467358.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142043/http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64170/4467358.html |archive-date=2018-06-12 |access-date=2016-12-12 |website=人民网}}</ref> After the [[government of the Republic of China]] moved to Taipei following the defeat of the [[Chinese Communist Revolution]], it put forward slogans such as "counter-attacking the mainland", "eliminating communist bandits", and "rescuing compatriots", and promulgated the "Ordinance on the Suppression of Bandits and Spies during the Counterinsurgency Period", which strictly restricted the interaction between Taiwanese and mainlanders. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait went through the [[Battle of Guningtou|Battle of Gulingtou]] in 1949, the Battle of Dongshan Island in 1953, the [[First Taiwan Strait Crisis]] in 1954, the [[Battle of Yijiangshan Islands]] in January 1955, the [[Battle of Dachen Archipelago]] in February 1955, and the [[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis]] in 1958,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-12 |title=“八二三炮战” |url=http://www.tb.sz.gov.cn/gzfw/twbk/ls/201301/t20130115_2100859.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619082042/http://www.tb.sz.gov.cn/gzfw/twbk/ls/201301/t20130115_2100859.htm |archive-date=2017-06-19 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=深圳市人民政府台湾事务办公室}}</ref> with both sides winning and losing.
During that time, the [[Korean War]] broke out and U.S. troops moved into Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/special/chubingdongji/detail_2010_06/23/1660432_0.shtml |title=解密中国外交档案 |publisher=中国档案出版社 |year=2010-06-23 |author-mask=徐京利 |access-date=2017-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608022037/http://news.ifeng.com/history/special/chubingdongji/detail_2010_06/23/1660432_0.shtml |archive-date=2017-06-08}}</ref> while noting that [[Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan|Taiwan's status was undetermined]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Statement by the President on the Situation in Korea |date=1950-06-27 |url=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/viewpapers.php?pid=800 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109112156/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/viewpapers.php?pid=800 |publisher=Truman library |archive-date=2014-11-09 |accessdate=2007-10-06}}</ref> As a result, the People's Republic of China complained to the [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 87]] about the armed aggression against Taiwan, while protesting the exclusion of the People's Republic of China from the United Nations,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=伍修权在联合国安全理事会上控诉美国武装侵略中国领土台湾的发言|author=伍修权|date=1950-11-28|quote=}}</ref> but the case was eventually rejected.<ref>{{cite conference |date=1950-11-30 |title=聯合國安全理事會正式紀錄 第七十二號 第五三0次會議 |url=http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/PV.530&referer=/english/&Lang=C |conference= |location=紐約發拉星草場 |publisher=聯合國安全理事會 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824030006/http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S%2FPV.530&referer=%2Fenglish%2F&Lang=C |archive-date=2015-08-24 |accessdate=2015-08-24}}</ref> In the [[Treaty of San Francisco]], Japan renounced all rights, rights names and claims to Taiwan and the Penghu Islands,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=舊金山和平條約|date=1951-09-08}}</ref> but neither the ROC nor the People's Republic of China participated in the signing of the peace treaty.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中華民國與日本國間和平條約|date=1952-04-28}}</ref> The ROC and Japan then signed the [[Treaty of Taipei]] in 1952, and the signing of the [[Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty]] also made the PLA wary.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=北明 |year=2003 |title=韩战中美国第七舰队与中国 |url=http://archives.cnd.org/HXWK/column/History/kd030707-1.gb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815122403/http://archives.cnd.org/HXWK/column/History/kd030707-1.gb.html |archive-date=2017-08-15 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=华夏快递}}</ref> in April 1955, [[Zhou Enlai]], Premier of the State Council and [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China]], went to Indonesia to attend the [[Bandung Conference]] and issued a statement that "the Chinese government is willing to negotiate with the U.S. government to strive for the liberation of Taiwan by peaceful means".<ref group="Notes">{{Cite web |author1=徐京利 |date=2013-04-11 |title=暗杀周恩来：“克什米尔公主号”事件始末 |url=http://www.guancha.cn/history/2013_04_11_137922.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004947/https://www.guancha.cn/history/2013_04_11_137922.shtml |archive-date=2019-03-05 |accessdate=2017-07-12 |website=观察者 |publisher=解密中国外交档案}}</ref> After learning of this in the U.S., [[Li Zongren]] responded by publishing "Proposals on the Taiwan Question" in August of the same year,<ref group="Notes">In 1949, the acting president of the Republic of China, Li Zongren, was not evacuated to Taiwan, but went to the United States via Hong Kong. he was impeached in 1954.</ref> while the ROC government blocked the news of the publication of this article.<ref>{{Cite book |title=全國政協文史資料委員會編：《文史資料選輯》第140輯 |publisher=中國文史出版社 |year=2000 |isbn=978-7-5034-1065-9 |location=北京}}</ref>
In early October 1958, the PLA announced that it would give up its blockade of Kinmen, and later changed to a "single strike and no strike" to gradually reduce its offensive,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中华人民共和国国防部告台湾同胞书|author=毛泽东|date=1958-10-06|authorlink=毛泽东|quote=为了人道主义，从十月六日起，暂以七天为期，停止炮击，你们可以充分地自由地输送供应品，但以没有美国人护航为条件。}}</ref> and the cross-strait wrestling turned to a legal-unification dispute over [[Greater China]]'s representation in the international community.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=邰言 |date=2015-06-23 |title=海峡两岸关系六十年(三) |url=http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/lsgw/201507/t20150720_10289649.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114203720/http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/lsgw/201507/t20150720_10289649.html |archive-date=2016-11-14 |access-date=2017-06-06 |website=中国和平统一促进会}}</ref> In [[1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China|1972 Nixon visited China]] and signed the [[Three Communiqués]], and in September of the same year China and Japan established diplomatic relations;<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=郝保權 |date=2012-09-13 |title=從“一綱四目”到“一國兩制” |url=http://dangshi.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2012/0913/c85037-19000689.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://dangshi.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2012/0913/c85037-19000689.html |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-07-12 |website=人民網}}</ref> on January 1, 1979, the U.S. established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, while breaking diplomatic relations with the ROC,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国联合公报 (1972年)|date=1972-02-26|quote=美国方面声明：美国认识到，在台湾海峡两边的所有中国人都认为只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。英文版：The US side declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China.}}</ref> replacing the U.S.-China Mutual Defense Treaty with the [[Taiwan Relations Act]], and withdrawing troops from Taiwan. On January 1, 1979,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中华人民共和国政府和日本国政府联合声明|date=1972-09-29|quote=中华人民共和国政府重申：台湾是中华人民共和国领土不可分割的一部分。日本国政府充分理解和尊重中国政府的这一立场，并坚持遵循波茨坦公告第八条的立场。}}</ref> [[Xu Xiangqian]], [[Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China]],<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国关于建立外交关系的联合公报|date=1979-01-01|quote=美利坚合众国政府承认中国的立场，即只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。The Government of the United States of America acknowledges the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.}}</ref> issued the "Statement of the Ministry of National Defense on the Cessation of Artillery Fire on the Greater Kinmen Islands",<ref name=":9" /> which officially put an end to the 21-year Kinmen artillery war.
=== De-escalating communication ===
[[File:Mawei China Propaganda facing Matsu.jpg|thumb|The "Peaceful Reunification, One Country, Two Systems" banner on the coast of [[Fuzhou]]'s [[Mawei District|Mawei district]] looks out over the [[Matsu Islands]].]]
On January 1, 1979, the [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]] issued the "Letter to Taiwan Compatriots", replacing the original "liberation of Taiwan" with "peaceful reunification and "[[one country, two systems]]",<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |author-mask=单玉丽 |date=2010-02-01 |title=福建在海峡两岸关系中扮演的角色 |url=http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg/publications/files/CWP79.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305020000/http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg/publications/files/CWP79.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-05 |access-date=2016-10-11 |publisher=东亚论文}}</ref> and moving from a hard-line to a more moderate attitude toward Taiwan.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |author-mask=邵宗海 |year=2004 |title=從兩岸關係的變遷探討兩岸關係的定位（下） |url=http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2004-1_3.pdf |journal=遠景基金會季刊 |pages=99-100 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2004-1_3.pdf |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref> In response, [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] proposed the [[Three Noes]] "no contact, no negotiation, no compromise" policy on April 4, and on May 29, the Taiwan Strait resumed navigation.<ref>{{Cite book |title=《臺灣歷史辭典》 |publisher=遠流出版 |year=2004 |isbn=9570174293 |publication-place=臺北 |author-mask=許雪姬}}</ref> On October 1, 1981, [[Ye Jianying]], Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, proposed nine policies for the peaceful reunification of Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-28 |title=新中国三十年第一程——记眉山轮首航台湾海峡 |url=http://www.coscogz.com.cn/gzyyxcw/ztzx_show.asp?Tid=1030&bid=24&mid=85&sid=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020646/http://www.coscogz.com.cn/gzyyxcw/ztzx_show.asp?Tid=1030&bid=24&mid=85&sid=0 |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-03-12 |publisher=中远航运宣传网}}</ref> stating that "after the country is reunified, Taiwan can be a special administrative region with a high degree of autonomy and can retain its military forces.<ref name=":10" /> The central government (meaning Beijing) will not interfere in Taiwan's local affairs."<ref name=":11" /> On July 24, 1982, [[Liao Chengzhi]], Minister of the [[United Front Work Department]] of the CPC Central Committee, sent a letter to President Chiang Ching-kuo, calling for peace talks between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait to "put away grudges when they meet";<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=廖承志 |date=1982-07-24 |title=廖承志致蒋经国先生信 |url=http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213310.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312022002/http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213310.htm |archive-date=2019-03-12 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=中央政府门户网站}}</ref> the ROC government did not respond, and in 1984,<ref>周美華、蕭李居編，《蔣經國書信集——與宋美齡往來函電》下，台北「國史館」出版，2009年，第278-284頁</ref> the mainland refrained from returning fire when it shelled Jiao-Yu Island, which was under PLA control.
On November 2 of the same year, Taiwan opened up for people to visit their relatives on the mainland, and cross-strait private economic and trade activities heated up rapidly. in August 1988, the Mainland Working Committee of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China was established to coordinate cross-strait economic and trade exchanges. in June 1989, the Taiwan region officially opened up for indirect imports of goods from the mainland. On October 7, 1990, the then President of the Republic of China, [[Lee Teng-hui]], announced the establishment of the [[National Unification Council]], and on February 23, 1991, the [[Guidelines for National Unification]] were adopted, advocating the unification of China based on the principles of "democracy, freedom, and equal wealth". An [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|amendment to the Constitution]] divided the Republic of China into a "mainland area" and a "free area".<ref name=":9" /> The "Mainland Region" is defined in the [[Cross-Strait Act]] as "the territory of the Republic of China outside of Taiwan".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-17 |title=臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例 |url=http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Q0010001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103134025/http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Q0010001 |archive-date=2017-11-03 |access-date=2017-07-03 |website=全国法规资料库}}</ref>
In 1991, the Taiwan [[Straits Exchange Foundation]] and the [[Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits]] became operational one after another, and talks were held in Hong Kong in 1992, but to no avail.<ref>{{Cite web |title=歷次會談總覽 |url=http://www.sef.org.tw/lp.asp?CtNode=4306&CtUnit=2541&BaseDSD=21&mp=19&nowPage=2&pagesize=30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004947/http://www.sef.org.tw/lp.asp?CtNode=4306&CtUnit=2541&BaseDSD=21&mp=19&nowPage=2&pagesize=30 |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=财团法人海峡交流基金会}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-06-05 |title=两岸对话与商谈一览表 |url=http://www.arats.com.cn/lhstgh/gaikuang/200806/t20080625_680839.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813072658/http://www.arats.com.cn/lhstgh/gaikuang/200806/t20080625_680839.htm |archive-date=2019-08-13 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=海峡两岸关系协会 |publisher=国台办}}</ref> In April 1993, the cross-strait [[Wang–Koo summit]] was held on the basis of the [[1992 Consensus]]. In January 1995, [[Jiang Zemin]], then the [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]], put forward eight propositions for developing cross-strait relations and advancing China's peaceful reunification process.<ref>{{Cite web |title=辜汪會晤 |url=http://www.sef.org.tw/ct.asp?xItem=376&ctNode=3809&mp=19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106100358/http://www.sef.org.tw/ct.asp?xItem=376&ctNode=3809&mp=19 |archive-date=2021-01-06 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=财团法人海峡交流基金会}}</ref> In response, President Lee Teng-hui put forward six proposals on April 8, known as Lee's six articles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1996-04-10 |title=江八點與李六條對照表 |url=http://newcongress.yam.org.tw/taiwan_sino/chiang-lee.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122001056/http://newcongress.yam.org.tw/taiwan_sino/chiang-lee.html |archive-date=2012-01-22 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=新國會政策研究中心}}</ref>
=== Conscious Opposition ===
{{Multiple image
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| image1 = 連戰院長.jpg
| alt1 = 400
| caption1 = Chairman of the Kuomintang of China [[Lien Chan]]
| image2 = Hu Jintao Cannes2011.jpg
| alt2 = 400
| caption2 = [[General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China]] [[Hu Jintao]]
| align = left
| header = National Communist Party breaks ice to exchange top leaders from both sides
| width1 = 300
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The [[Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident|''Min Ping Yu No. 5540'' incident]] in 1990 and the [[Qiandao Lake incident]] and the Xiaojinmen anti-aircraft artillery misfire on Xiamen in 1994 triggered discontent among people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=陈玲 |date=2008-10-23 |title=从“千岛湖事件”与“闽平渔事件”的比较看两岸对和平统一的诚意 |url=http://www.minge.gov.cn/txt/2008-10/23/content_2534849.htm |publisher=中国国民党革命委员会中央委员会}}</ref> in June 1995, then ROC President Lee Teng-hui visited Cornell University in his private capacity and proposed the national positioning of the [[Republic of China on Taiwan]], triggering the [[Third Taiwan Strait Crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=楊鎮全 |date=2003-12-21 |title=國家定位 李前總統︰ROC在台灣 |url=http://news.tvbs.com.tw/other/389500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108102029/http://news.tvbs.com.tw/other/389500 |archive-date=2017-01-08 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=TVBS}}</ref> In August 1996, the Chinese mainland opened the Fuzhou and Xiamen On September 14, 1996, President [[Lee Teng-hui]] of the Republic of China (R.O.C.) proposed the idea of "using patience and urgency" at the Taiwan Businessmen's Conference, restricting the Taiwanese [[business]] community's [[investment]] in mainland China.<ref name=":9" /> In 1997, Fujian established the "Cross-Strait (Fuzhou) Agricultural Cooperation Pilot Zone" and the "Cross-Strait (Zhangzhou) Agricultural Cooperation Pilot Zone", and in May 1999, the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] Plenum passed the "[[Resolution on Taiwan's Future]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=第三屆全國經營者大會演講全文 |url=http://www.president.gov.tw/1_roc_intro/xpresident/lee_idea02_850914.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920043915/http://www.president.gov.tw/1_roc_intro/xpresident/lee_idea02_850914.html |archive-date=2017-09-20 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref> In July of the same year, President Lee Teng-hui put forward the two-state theory,<ref>{{Cite web |title=民进党党纲 |url=http://www.dpp.org.tw/upload/history/20160728102222_link.pdf |website=民主进步党官方网站}}</ref> advocating that the relationship between Taiwan and mainland China was "state-to-state" or "at least a special state-to-state relationship".
[[File:Flag of World Taiwanese Congress.svg|left|thumb|The [[Proposed flags of Taiwan|flag of the World Taiwan Congress]] is widely used in Taiwan independence activities to highlight [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwan's subjectivity]].]]
In 2000, when the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] became the ruling party of the Republic of China (ROC) for the first time,<ref>{{Harvnb|邵宗海|2001|loc=五二○演說}}</ref> [[Chen Shui-bian]] proposed [[Four Noes and One Without]] at his inauguration ceremony,<ref>{{Cite book |title=為人民服務: 兩岸制度競爭的核心 |publisher=秀威出版 |year=2011 |isbn=9862217359 |editor-mask=劉文斌 |chapter=（二）台湾“去中国化”}}</ref> namely, "As long as the Chinese Communist Party has no intention to
use force against Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite book |title=悦读MOOK（第三十七卷） |publisher=二十一世纪出版社 |year=2014 |isbn=753918826X |pages=179 |chapter=蒋介石在当今的台湾 |author-mask=陈其禄}}</ref> I promise that during my term of office, I will not declare independence, I will not change the national symbol,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-08-05 |title=2001年5月：“新五不”政策 |url=http://big5.huaxia.com/zt/2002-30/599491.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821161040/http://big5.huaxia.com/zt/2002-30/599491.html |archive-date=2018-08-21 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=華夏經緯網}}</ref> I will not promote the constitutionalization of the two-state theory, I will not promote a referendum on unification and independence that would change the status quo, and there is no question of abolishing the national platform and the National Unification Council.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHlfuipK5_0 兩岸關係 歷任元首詮釋不同]，民視新聞，2012-03-23</ref> In 2001, [[Matsu Islands]], [[Kinmen]], [[Mawei District]], and [[Xiamen]]
were connected to each other by trade, air, and mail. On August 2, 2002, Chen proposed "[[One Country on Each Side|One]]
[[File:1025遊行的陳水扁.jpg|thumb|[[One Country on Each Side|Former President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian holds the banner of "Taiwan, China, One Country" in a]] [[1025 rally to safeguard Taiwan|rally]] on Oct. 25, 2008.]]
[[One Country on Each Side|Country on Each Side]]" through a video conference at the World Taiwan Clansmen's Association, saying that Taiwan and China are not the same countries. On February 22, 2004, Chen said that
the mainland was aiming 496 missiles at Taiwan, with an additional one every six days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-02-23 |title=陈水扁称大陆496颗导弹对准台湾 每6天增加1颗 |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-02-23/09372935106.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821160512/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-02-23/09372935106.shtml |archive-date=2018-08-21 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=新浪网 |publisher=华夏经纬网}}</ref> As a result, Taiwan held the 228 Million Hands for Taiwan campaign to oppose the deployment of China's missile facilities against Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=李欣芳 |date=2004-02-26 |title=和平反飛彈 二二八全台「發聲」 |url=http://old.ltn.com.tw/2004/new/feb/26/today-fo1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420192628/http://old.ltn.com.tw/2004/new/feb/26/today-fo1.htm |archive-date=2016-04-20 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=自由新闻网}}</ref>
In March 2005, President Chen Shui-bian told members of the [[European Parliament]] and the news media that he could not change the ROC's national name to the Republic of Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-03-01 |title=總統晚上透過視訊會議與歐洲議會議員及新聞媒體進行對話 |url=https://zh.wikiquote.org/zh/%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81#cite_note-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927165829/https://zh.wikiquote.org/zh/%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81#cite_note-1 |archive-date=2016-09-27 |access-date=2017-06-07 |website=中華民國總統府新聞稿}}</ref> On March 26, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the Taiwan Federation of Trade Unions (TUF) organized a march in protest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-03-26 |title=「326遊行」充分反映臺灣人民愛和平、反暴力之心聲 |url=http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=45416&ctNode=5652&mp=1&xq_xCat=2005 |website=中華民國行政院大陸委員會官网}}</ref> On August 2, 2005, Chen proposed a four-stage theory, namely "the ROC is on the mainland,<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=安华 |date=2013-11-13 |title=连战：05年破冰之旅由胡锦涛促成，不愿提及马习会 |url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/lien-chan-on-us-china-taiwan-relation-20131113/1789147.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020645/https://www.voachinese.com/a/lien-chan-on-us-china-taiwan-relation-20131113/1789147.html |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-07-24 |website=美国之音 |quote=连战因在促进两岸关系的改善方面做出的杰出贡献，获颁终身成就大奖。}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2005年5月12日 胡锦涛和宋楚瑜在北京举行正式会谈 |url=http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64165/79703/79790/5639243.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020646/http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64165/79703/79790/5639243.html |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-07-24 |website=中国共产党新闻 |quote=胡锦涛指出，台海紧张局势出现了某些缓和的迹象。}}</ref> the ROC is in Taiwan."<ref>{{Cite web |title=國家統一委員會設置要點(點選開啟法規查詢) |url=http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=62517&ctNode=5661&mp=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193145/http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=62517&ctNode=5661&mp=1 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref> Four days later, Chen proposed one principle, three insistencies and five objections as the guidelines for handling cross-strait affairs, and in 2006 Chen announced that the "National Unification Plan" would "cease to apply".<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=陳幼臻 |date=2003-06-13 |title=護照九月起加註Taiwan |url=http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20030613/106423/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731231928/http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20030613/106423/ |archive-date=2017-07-31 |access-date=2017-06-09 |website=苹果日报}}</ref> There is no left-right route in Taiwan, only the issue of unification and independence.<ref>{{Cite news |title=美中如何看待陳水扁「四要一沒有」 |work=中評社 |publication-date=2007-04-12 |url=http://hk.crntt.com/doc/1003/4/7/1/100347187.html?coluid=63&kindid=0&docid=100347187}}</ref> However, this did not cause a strong reaction from China and the U.S., and cross-strait economic and trade exchanges continued to develop. 974,000 passengers were carried on the "Little Three Links" in 2008.<ref name=":10" />
=== Reciprocal Consultation ===
[[File:2015 Ma–Xi Meeting 07.jpg|left|thumb|Cross-strait leaders meet in Singapore on November 7, 2015. [[Ma–Xi meeting]]]]
On March 22, 2008, [[Ma Ying-jeou]] won the [[2008 Taiwanese presidential election]], and on May 20, the Chinese Kuomintang returned to power, advocating no unification, no independence, and no military force, that is, "during Ma's term of office, he pledged not to promote cross-strait unification, nor to declare Taiwan's independence, and no military war between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. In October and November of the same year, [[Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits]] (ARATS) Vice President [[Zhang Mingqing]] and President [[Chen Yunlin]], who had served as Director and Assistant Director of the Taiwan Affairs Office, visited Taiwan and were attacked and besieged by protesting people in Taiwan. On December 31 of the same year, Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, put forward the "Hu Six Points" at the 30th anniversary of the publication of the "Letter to Taiwan Compatriots". Cross-strait relations have continued to develop on the basis of the "1992 Consensus", and the SEF and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) have held eleven "leaders' meetings" and signed twenty-three agreements and two joint statements, including the Cross-Straits [[Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement]] (ECFA), the launch of regular cross-strait direct flights, and cross-strait cooperation in combating crime.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.kingstone.com.tw/book/book_page.asp?kmcode=2015730201342&lid=search&actid=wise |title=兩岸談判與協商—從白手套到官方接觸再到？ |publisher=唐山出版社 |year=2016-08-30 |isbn=9789863071273}}</ref> In 2013, the first time the [[Mainland Affairs Council]] was allowed to participate in [[APEC Indonesia 2013]] meetings was considered a major breakthrough in the progress of cross-strait relations.
The Sunflower school movement in Taiwan in 2014 curbed the momentum of cross-strait economic integration.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=李允杰 |date=2016-02-15 |title=两岸新青年－陆方要倾听台湾民眾心声 |url=http://www.chinatimes.com/cn/newspapers/20160215000722-260301 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035620/http://www.chinatimes.com/cn/newspapers/20160215000722-260301 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-06-01 |website=中时电子报}}</ref> In June of the same year, DPP's Tainan Mayor [[Lai Ching-te|Lai Ching-teh]] said during a visit to mainland China that "the future of Taiwan is to be decided by the 23 million people together".<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=威克 |date=2014-06-11 |title=「台灣未來由台灣2300萬人民決定」 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/06/140611_china_taiwan_fanliqing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042217/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/06/140611_china_taiwan_fanliqing |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-07-24 |website=BBC中文网}}</ref> The Taiwan Affairs Office responded that "any issue involving China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must be decided by the entire Chinese people, including Taiwan compatriots," and stressed that its stance against Taiwan's independence would remain unchanged.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-26 |title=習近平晤台灣統派 重申一國兩制方針 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/09/140925_china_taiwan_relations_xi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201111538/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/09/140925_china_taiwan_relations_xi |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=BBC中文网}}</ref> In September, the [[Taiwan Affairs Office]] of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) invited more than 20 Taiwan unificationist groups to visit Beijing, and the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, [[Xi Jinping]], reiterated that "peaceful unification and one country, two systems" is the basic policy of the mainland in resolving the Taiwan issue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=江揆：中華民國是主權獨立國家，不接受一國兩制 |url=http://www.ey.gov.tw/News_Content2.aspx?n=F8BAEBE9491FC830&sms=99606AC2FCD53A3A&s=4CD73ED6CBB384CD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081603/https://www.ey.gov.tw/News_Content2.aspx?n=F8BAEBE9491FC830&sms=99606AC2FCD53A3A&s=4CD73ED6CBB384CD |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=新聞傳播處}}</ref> In response, Executive Yuan President [[Jiang Yi-huah]] said, "The Republic of China has never accepted the policy of one country, two systems, and our proposition is to maintain the status quo under the constitutional framework of the Republic of China.<ref>{{Cite news |title=「台車入閩」陸委會拒評方案 |work=東方日報 |publisher=中新社 |publication-date=2015-01-11 |url=http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20150111/00178_021.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=林楠森 |date=2015-09-23 |title=卡式台胞證上路在台引起抗議 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2015/09/150923_tw_china_card_protests |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202193236/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2015/09/150923_tw_china_card_protests |archive-date=2017-12-02 |access-date=2017-06-14 |website=BBC中文网}}</ref> For its part, mainland China continues to roll out new unification strategies.<ref group="Notes">The [[People's Republic of China]] is under [[one-party rule]] by the [[Communist Party of China]], with the [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China]] and [[Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China]] as the [[Supreme Leader|Supreme Leader of the People's Republic of China]]. The [[Republic of China]] currently has a [[semi-presidential system]] with [[direct election]], and the [[President of the Republic of China]] is the [[head of state]] and the commander-in-chief of the three armies, and is the supreme leader.</ref> On November 7, 2015, top cross-strait leaders Xi Jinping and Ma Ying-jeou met in [[Singapore]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=馬總統與大陸領導人習近平在新加坡會面，雙方將共同努力持續鞏固臺海和平及維護兩岸人民福祉 |url=http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=113310&ctNode=5649&mp=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014926/http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=113310&ctNode=5649&mp=1 |archive-date=2015-11-17 |access-date=2017-05-23}}</ref> the first meeting of top leaders from both sides of the Taiwan Strait in the 66 years since the political separation in 1949,<ref>{{Cite news |year=2015 |title=“习马会”第一句话说啥？双方打什么颜色领带？晚饭吃啥？ |publisher=央视新闻 |url=http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1393933}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chang |first=Shu-hua |title=President Ma to meet China's Xi in Singapore Saturday (update) |work=中央通讯社英文新闻网 |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/afav/201511040001.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-04 |title=20151104 焦點對談 兩岸史上最大突破! 馬習會周六登場 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBJDzncmnr8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324070723/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBJDzncmnr8 |archive-date=2016-03-24 |access-date=2017-05-23 |publisher=YouTube.com}}</ref> and the two sides exchanged views on advancing the peaceful development of [[Cross-Strait relations|cross-strait relations]].<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=邓鸿伟 |title=两岸领导人习近平、马英九将在新加坡会面 |url=http://www.gwytb.gov.cn/wyly/201511/t20151104_10965462.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729091957/http://www.gwytb.gov.cn/wyly/201511/t20151104_10965462.htm |archive-date=2017-07-29 |access-date=2017-05-23 |publisher=Gwytb.gov.cn}}</ref> DPP Chairman and presidential candidate [[Tsai Ing-wen]] criticized the meeting as "an attempt to use a political framework to limit the future choices of the people in cross-strait relations".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-09 |title=港报社评：＂习马会＂框限未来台湾新总统 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idCNL3S1340U120151109 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415041319/https://www.reuters.com/article/idCNL3S1340U120151109 |archive-date=2022-04-15 |access-date=2022-01-19}}</ref>
=== Current Status of Taiwan Strait ===
{{Main|Political status of Taiwan}}
[[File:12.02 總統由國安會秘書長及外交部長李大維陪同，與美國總統當選人唐納川普（Donald J. Trump）通話 (30561066134).jpg|thumb|The December 2, 2016, Trump-Tsai call had been considered a diplomatic breakthrough for Taiwan<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=尼古拉·史密斯 |title=“川蔡”通话令台湾人欢欣鼓舞 |url=http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001070441 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023142339/http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001070441 |archive-date=2017-10-23 |access-date=2017-06-14 |website=FT中文网 |publisher=英国金融时报 (英国){{!}}金融时报}}</ref>]]
Since her inauguration as president of the Republic of China on May 20, 2016, Tsai Ing-wen, a member of the [[Democratic Progressive Party]], has advocated maintaining the status quo and not recognizing the [[1992 Consensus]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-08 |title=蔡英文：大陆施压不会双赢 |url=ttp://www.zaobao.com.sg/wencui/politic/story20161008-675522 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805103957/http://www.zaobao.com.sg/wencui/politic/story20161008-675522 |archive-date=2017-08-05 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=联合早报}}</ref> and successfully made a phone call with U.S. President-elect Donald Trump in late 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-22 |title=大陸施壓信曝光：「中國台灣省」不應參與WHA |url=http://china.hket.com/article/1818441/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%96%BD%E5%A3%93%E4%BF%A1%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89%EF%BC%9A%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%8D%E6%87%89%E5%8F%83%E8%88%87WHA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522093933/http://china.hket.com/article/1818441/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%96%BD%E5%A3%93%E4%BF%A1%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89%EF%BC%9A%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%8D%E6%87%89%E5%8F%83%E8%88%87WHA |archive-date=2017-05-22 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=香港經濟日報}}</ref> The [[Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration]] has continuously pressured the [[Presidency of Tsai Ing-wen]] in the hope that Tsai would return to the 1992 Consensus.<ref>{{Cite news |title=2017台湾前瞻——两岸关系篇 |work=新华网 |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/tw/2017-01/03/c_129429999.htm |url-status=}}</ref> For her part, in an open letter to members of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) as party chairman on the occasion of the party's 30th anniversary,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-29 |title=蔡英文：力抗中国压力 发展其他关系 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/china/2016/09/160929_taiwan_china_tsai |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518113344/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/china/2016/09/160929_taiwan_china_tsai |archive-date=2017-05-18 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=BBC中文网}}</ref> Tsai said she would resist pressure from mainland China, develop relations with other countries, and get rid of her overdependence on China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-21 |title=綠智庫民調：八成民眾不滿中國打壓台灣參與WHA |url=http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20170421/1102476/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421194531/http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20170421/1102476/ |archive-date=2017-04-21}}</ref> Most Taiwanese people are dissatisfied with the suppression of mainland China in the international community, while on the other hand half of the public is dissatisfied with Tsai's performance in handling cross-strait relations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-27 |title=台民调：58%民众不满蔡英文处理两岸关系 |url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/tsai-cross-strait-20170626/3917082.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805101146/https://www.voachinese.com/a/tsai-cross-strait-20170626/3917082.html |archive-date=2017-08-05}}</ref>
Xi Jinping, [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]], delivered the "Xi Five Articles" at the [[Great Hall of the People]] in [[Beijing]] during the "40th Anniversary Commemorative Meeting of the Letter to Taiwan Compatriots" on Jan. 2, 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |title=祖国必须统一，也必然统一——习近平总书记重要讲话为两岸关系发展定向领航 |work=中国日报网 |publication-date=2019-01-03 |url=http://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201901/03/WS5c2d4efba3106072a9033b22.html}}</ref> Focusing on the [[Political status of Taiwan]], Xi reiterated "the [[1992 Consensus]] that both sides of the Strait belong to the same China and work together for national reunification".<ref>{{Cite news |title=習近平新解「九二共識」 學者：給國民黨難堪 |work=自由時報 |publication-date=2019-01-02 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2659898}}</ref> In the afternoon of the same day, Tsai Ing-wen, [[President of the Republic of China]] held an impromptu press conference, saying that she "rejects the 1992 Consensus" and "resolutely opposes one country, two systems".<ref>{{Cite news |title=回應習五條 蔡英文：拒絕九二共識 不接受一國兩制 |work=中時電子報 |publication-date=2019-01-02 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20190102002768-260407?chdtv}}</ref> Since March 2019, the [[People's Liberation Army]] has continuously conducted drills in the Taiwan Strait.<ref>{{Cite news |title=国台办：依法终身追责“台独”顽固分子 |publication-date=2021-05-12 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-05/12/c_1127437557.htm}}</ref> On April 30, 2021, R.O.C. Foreign Ministry spokesman Ou Jiang'an said that China's actions had jeopardized the security and status quo in the Taiwan Strait, and on May 12, 2021, [[Taiwan Affairs Office]] spokesman [[Zhu Fenglian]] said that "Taiwan independence" stubborn elements who malign the mainland and incite cross-strait confrontation will be severely punished and held accountable for life under the law. .... On November 5 of the same year, the Taiwan Affairs Office named Taiwan's Foreign Minister [[Joseph Wu]], Legislative President You [[You Si-kun]] and Executive President [[Su Tseng-chang]] as "Taiwan independence stubborn elements. In response, Wu said it was an honor, while Yau felt honored and thanked him, and Su said he was not intimidated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-08 |title=国台办公布“台独”惩戒 国民两党齐反对 |url=https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%8B%AC%E6%83%A9%E6%88%92-%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%A4%E5%85%9A%E9%BD%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9/a-59740329 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109233153/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%8B%AC%E6%83%A9%E6%88%92-%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%A4%E5%85%9A%E9%BD%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9/a-59740329 |archive-date=2021-11-09 |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=德国之声}}</ref>
On August 2, 2022, Speaker of the [[United States House of Representatives]] Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan and the PLA immediately conducted a series of [[2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan|military exercises around Taiwan]], firing several ballistic missiles.<ref>{{Cite web |author-link= |title=導彈飛越台灣上空、累計203架次共機侵擾 第4次台海危機恫嚇一次看 {{!}} ETtoday政治新聞 {{!}} ETtoday新聞雲 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20220808/2311627.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817234356/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20220808/2311627.htm |archive-date=2022-08-17 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=www.ettoday.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-08 |title=【台美日反制軍演】報復裴洛西訪台中國抓狂軍演 蔡政府聯手美日反制戰略曝光 |url=https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220808inv001/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821021138/https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220808inv001/ |archive-date=2022-08-21 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=鏡週刊 Mirror Media}}</ref> On August 10, 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-04 |title=共軍2小時射11枚飛彈！ 國防部：落在台灣3海域 |url=https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220804edi060/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814221859/https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220804edi060/ |archive-date=2022-08-14 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=鏡週刊 Mirror Media}}</ref> the [[Taiwan Affairs Office]] and the State Council Information Office jointly released the third White Paper on Taiwan, "[[The Taiwan Question and China's Reunification in the New Era]]" referring to the "One Country, Two Systems Taiwan Program" and the "Taiwan Special Administrative Region.<ref>{{Cite news |title=詳解第三份統一白皮書 北京發出「台灣特區」談判芻議原文網址: 詳解第三份統一白皮書 北京發出「台灣特區」談判芻議 |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F/802975/%E8%A9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%BD%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80-%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4%E8%8A%BB%E8%AD%B0 |access-date=2022-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814024152/https://www.hk01.com/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F/802975/%E8%A9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%BD%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80-%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4%E8%8A%BB%E8%AD%B0 |archive-date=2022-08-14}}</ref> On August 16, 2022, the Taiwan Affairs Office added [[Hsiao Bi-khim|Hsiao Bi-khimn]], Gu Li-hsiung, [[Tsai Chi-chang]], Ko Chien-ming, Lin Fei-fan, Chen Chiu-hwa, and Wang Dingyu to the list of recalcitrant Taiwan independence activists for sanctions.<ref>{{Cite news |title=中共中央台办发言人受权宣布对列入清单的一批“台独”顽固分子等人员实施制裁 |url=http://www.news.cn/politics/2022-08/16/c_1128918378.htm |access-date= |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref>
On April 7, 2023, [[Zhu Fenglian]], spokesperson for the Taiwan Affairs Office, said that the Vision Foundation and the Asian League for Freedom and Democracy have been peddling Taiwan independence ideas internationally and creating incidents that violate the [[One China]] principle, such as "one China, one Taiwan" and "[[two Chinas]]". The mainland side decided to ban the heads of the Vision Foundation and the Asian League for Freedom and Democracy from entering the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions, and to ban relevant mainland organizations and individuals from cooperating with them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-07 |title=国台办宣布对宣扬“台独”的有关机构予以惩戒 |url=https://www.yicai.com/news/101723952.html}}</ref>
== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=20em|content=* [[Foreign relations of imperial China]]
* [[Second United Front]]
* [[Fujian–Taiwan relationship]]
* [[Cross-Strait relations]]}}
== Notes ==
<references group="Notes" />
== References ==
=== Citation ===
<references />
=== Source ===
==== Books ====
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Citation |author1=屠薇君 |title=海峡两岸关系史（第1卷）：開發·融合 |date=2004-12-01 |url=https://www.amazon.cn/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6/dp/B00QUHQR5Y |editor=张春英 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042256/https://www.amazon.cn/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6/dp/B00QUHQR5Y |publisher=福建人民出版社 |isbn=7211046767 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |accessdate=2017-05-29}}
* {{Citation |author1=馬德茂 |title=海峡两岸关系史（第2卷）：變亂·回歸 |date=2004 |editor=张春英 |publisher=福建人民出版社 |isbn=9787211043491 |author2=鄭保國 |author3=張鵬程}}
* {{Citation |author=张春英 |title=海峡两岸关系史（第3卷）：內爭·對峙 |date=2004-12-01 |publisher=福建人民出版社 |isbn=9789867359902}}
* {{Citation |author=张春英 |title=海峡两岸关系史（第4卷）：缓和·统一 |date=2004-12-01 |publisher=福建人民出版社 |isbn=7211044578}}
* {{Citation |author1=[[林滿紅]] |title=四百年來的兩岸分合: 一個經貿史的回顧 |date=1994 |url=http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041159/http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53 |location=臺北 |publisher=自立晚報社文化出版部 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |ISBN=9575962885 |accessdate=2017-06-07}}
* {{Citation |author1=梁華璜 |title=臺灣總督府的「對岸」政策研究：日據時代台閩關係史 |date=2001 |location=台北 |publisher=稻鄉出版社 |isbn=9579628777}}
* {{Citation |author1=邵宗海 |title=兩岸關係－陳水扁的大陸政策 |date=2001-11-01 |location=台北 |publisher=生智出版社 |isbn=9789578183292}}
* {{Citation |author1=邵宗海 |title=蔡英文時代的兩岸關係（2016-2020） |date=2017-02-25 |location=台北 |publisher=五南出版社 |isbn=9789571190068}}
{{refend}}
== External Links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHlfuipK5_0 Cross-Strait Relations Interpreted Differently by Past Heads of State - MinTV News]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,0 +1,344 @@
+{{Shortdescription|}}
+{| class="wikitable" align="right"
+|+History of [[Cross-Strait relations|cross-strait relations]]
+! colspan="4" |{{Location map|China|width=280|float=center|border=none|caption=|relief=0|label=臺灣海峽|position=left|lat_deg=24|lat_min=40|lon_deg=119|lon_min=55}}
+! rowspan="5" |
+|-
+![[Mainland China|West]] [[Mainland China|Coast]]
+[[Mainland China|of the]] [[Mainland China|Strait]]
+!Period
+!Major cross-strait
+events
+![[Geography of Taiwan|East Coast]]
+[[Geography of Taiwan|of the Strait]]
+|-
+| rowspan="2" |[[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]]
+[[Yuan dynasty|dynasty]]
+|1281
+|Establishment of
+Penghu Inspection
+Division
+| rowspan="3" |Taiwan
+Prehistory
+|-
+|1349
+|A Brief History of
+the Island of Yi
+by Wang Dayuan
+|-
+| rowspan="3" |[[Ming dynasty|Ming]]
+[[Ming dynasty|Dynasty]]
+|1603
+|[[Chen Di]]'s book
+Dongfanji
+|-
+|
+|1624
+|Battle of
+Penghu
+| rowspan="2" |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}}{{Flagicon|Spain|variant=1506}}Under
+Dutch
+and
+Spanish
+Rule
+|-
+|
+|1633
+|[[Battle of Liaoluo Bay|Battle of]]
+[[Battle of Liaoluo Bay|Liaoluo Bay]]
+|-
+|[[Southern Ming|Southern]]
+[[Southern Ming|Ming]]
+|1661
+|[[Siege of Fort Zeelandia]]
+| rowspan="3" |[[File:Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg|23x23px]][[Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of]]
+[[Kingdom of Tungning|Tungning]]
+| rowspan="25" |
+|-
+| rowspan="8" |{{Flagdeco|Qing Dynasty}}[[Qing dynasty|Qing]]
+[[Qing dynasty|Dynasty]]
+|1667
+|Ding Wei floating
+man incident
+|-
+|1683
+|Penghu Sea Battle
+|-
+|1684
+|Establishment of Taiwan
+| rowspan="4" |{{Flagdeco|Qing Dynasty}}[[Qing dynasty|Qing]]
+[[Qing dynasty|Dynasty]]
+|-
+|1731
+|[[Ta-Chia-hsi revolt]]
+|-
+|1840
+|[[First Opium War]]
+|-
+|1885
+|Taiwan is founded
+as a province
+|-
+|1895
+|[[Treaty of Shimonoseki]]
+| rowspan="4" |{{Flagicon|Japan|variant=1870}}[[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japan]]
+|-
+|1900
+|Xiamen Events
+|-
+| rowspan="4" |{{Flagicon|Republic of China (1912-1949)|variant=1912}}[[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|22x22px]][[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic]]
+[[Republic of China (1912–1949)|of China]]
+|1911
+|[[1911 Revolution]]
+|-
+|1943
+|[[1943 Cairo Declaration]]
+|-
+|1945
+|[[Surrender of Japan]]Takeover of Taiwan
+and Penghu
+| rowspan="14" |[[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|22x22px]][[Taiwan]]
+|-
+|1947
+|[[February 28 incident]]
+|-
+| rowspan="12" |{{Flagdeco|PRC}}[[China]]
+|1949
+|[[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|Relocation of the]]
+[[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|National Government]]
+|-
+|1978
+|[[Chinese economic reform]]
+|-
+|1979
+|[[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis|Second Taiwan Strait]]
+[[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis|Crisis]]
+|-
+|1987
+|Open cross-strait
+family visits
+|-
+|1993
+|[[Wang–Koo summit]]
+|-
+|1996
+|[[Third Taiwan Strait Crisis]]
+|-
+|2001
+|Cross-strait
+implementation
+of the Little Three Way
+|-
+|2010
+|Cross-strait signing of
+[[Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement|ECFA]]
+|-
+|2014
+|Disputes over the Trade
+and Services Census
+
+The Sunflower Movement
+|-
+|2015
+|[[Ma–Xi meeting]]
+|-
+|2022
+|[[2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan|2022 Chinese military]]
+[[2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan|exercises around Taiwan]]
+|-
+|Present
+|[[Political status of Taiwan]]
+|}
+The History of [[Cross-Strait relations|Cross-Strait Relations]] introduces the historical changes in the relationship between China and Taiwan since the beginning of time. Suspected records of [[Geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]] in the [[history of China]] date back to the earliest times when [[Yizhou (island)]] was mentioned in the "[[Records of the Three Kingdoms|Three Kingdoms]]" or [[Liuqiu (medieval)|Liuqiu]] in the "''[[Book of Sui]]''".<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[林滿紅]] |date=1994 |title=四百年來的兩岸分合: 一個經貿史的回顧 |url=http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041159/http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-06-07 |website=国立中央大学 |publisher=自立晚報社文化出版部 |place=臺北 |isbn=9575962885}}</ref> During the [[Song dynasty]] and Yuan dynasties, there was trade between the two sides of the Strait, and in 1281, [[Kublai Khan]] established the [[Penghu]] Inspection Division, which began to exercise administrative jurisdiction over Penghu, and in 1349, Wang Dayuan documented in Island Yi Zhi Lu that Penghu belonged to Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, and that [[Liuqiu (medieval)|Liuqiu]] was one of the overseas countries.<ref name=":0">{{Cite wikisource|title=島夷志略|author=汪大淵|quote=Penghu, the land belongs to Quanzhou Jinjiang County. To the Yuan period to establish the inspection division. Ryukyu, its standoff mountain is very high, from the Peng Lake look very close. Overseas countries from the beginning.}}</ref>The "Dongfan Ji" written by [[Chen Di]] in the Ming Dynasty depicts the customs of the aborigines in southwest Taiwan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=周婉窈 |first= |date= |title=陳第〈東番記〉—十七世紀初臺灣西南地區的實地調查報告 |journal=故宮文物月刊 |volume=241 |pages=22-45}}</ref> Since the 1620s, cross-strait relations have been influenced by the Dutch, the [[Spaniards|Spanish]], the [[Han Chinese]], the [[Manchu people|Manchus]], and the [[Japanese people|Japanese]], and mainland China and Taiwan have either unified or separated, with ups and downs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-16 |title=台湾与中国大陆：两岸关系的跌宕历史 |url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-56760009 |access-date=2023-02-23 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>
+
+In 1945, the [[World War II|World War ll]] ended and the Republic of China took over Taiwan. Cross-strait relations developed in a tortuous manner in response to changes in the domestic and international situation. In the second [[Chinese Communist Revolution]], the Nationalist Army led by the [[Kuomintang]] was defeated by the Liberation Army led by the Chinese Communists. In 1949, the [[China|People's Republic of China]] was established and gradually took control of the entire Chinese mainland. [[Taiwan|The Republic of China]], on the other hand, [[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|retreated]] to [[Free area of the Republic of China|Taiwan]], Penghu, Jinma, and other islands. The [[Chinese Communist Party]] tried to liberate Taiwan, and the [[Kuomintang]] prepared to counter-attack the mainland. A military confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait began and many armed clashes took place.
+
+After the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758|People's Republic of China]] replaced the Republic of China (ROC) as a [[Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council|permanent member of the United Nations Security Council]] in 1971, the [[foreign relations of Taiwan]] were limited. On January 1, 1979, the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations with the United States and at the same time announced the end of the shelling of Kinmen and proposed a policy of peaceful reunification and one country, two systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=徐向前 |date=2006-02-28 |title=国防部关于停止对大金门等岛屿炮击的声明（1979年1月） |url=http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213299.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818093841/http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213299.htm |archive-date=2017-08-18 |access-date=2017-05-31 |website=中国政府网 |publisher=中国台湾网}}</ref> In 1987, after the Republic of China lifted the curfew and opened up cross-strait family visits, cross-strait relations became smoother. But in 1995, when President Lee Teng-hui visited the United States, [[Third Taiwan Strait Crisis|cross-strait relations became tense again]]. After entering the 21st century, the economic relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait became quite close, and, in 2018, when the KMT returned to power in Taiwan, cross-strait relations eased.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-29 |title=夏立言与台商座谈说明习马会是两岸史上最大突破 |url=http://www.shangbaoindonesia.com/dynamic-cina-komunitas/%E5%A4%8F%E7%AB%8B%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%B0%E5%95%86%E5%BA%A7%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A0%E9%A9%AC%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216121534/http://www.shangbaoindonesia.com/dynamic-cina-komunitas/%E5%A4%8F%E7%AB%8B%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%B0%E5%95%86%E5%BA%A7%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A0%E9%A9%AC%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4.html |archive-date=2016-02-16 |access-date=2017-05-29 |publisher=印度尼西亞商報 Shangbao Indonesia}}</ref> [[Ma–Xi meeting|The meeting of the top leaders]] across the Taiwan Strait in Singapore in 2015 was seen as a major breakthrough in the history of cross-strait relations. And since the return of the Democratic Progressive Party to power in 2016, cross-strait relations have become tense again.<ref>Report of the 277th Meeting of the Mainland Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan.2016-10-31</ref>
+
+== Historical Stages ==
+There is no universally accepted standard regarding the beginning of cross-strait relations or historical chronology. In his book "History of Cross-Strait Relations," Professor Zhang Chunying, Deputy Director of the Institute of Taiwan Studies at [[Zhongnan University of Economics and Law|Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,]] divides the history of cross-strait relations into four periods: the first stage is from the prehistoric period to the Dutch occupation of Taiwan in the 1620s; the second stage is the period from the [[Dutch Formosa|Dutch]], Ming Zheng, [[Taiwan under Qing rule|Qing]] and Japanese rule of Taiwan to the [[History of Taiwan (1945–present)|takeover of Taiwan]] by the Republic of China in 1945; the third stage is the cross-strait military confrontation formed after the withdrawal of the central government of the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] from [[mainland China]] in 1949; the fourth stage is the end of the military confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait since the 1980s and the de-escalation and development of relations.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=王功安 |date=2005-06-09 |title=《海峡两岸关系史》具有标志性意义的著作 |url=http://theory.people.com.cn/GB/40538/3455700.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020932/http://theory.people.com.cn/GB/40538/3455700.html |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-05-28 |website=人民网}}</ref> Professor Shao Zonghai of the Institute of Zhongshan and Mainland China Studies at the [[Chinese Culture University]] divides the history of cross-strait relations after 1949 into five periods: military confrontation, legal disputes, exchange and détente, ideological confrontation, and reciprocal consultation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=邵宗海 |first= |title=從兩岸關係的變遷探討兩岸關係的定位(上) |url=http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2003-4_1.pdf |journal=遠景基金會季刊 |volume=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062107/http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2003-4_1.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-14 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |author-mask=邵宗海 |title=兩岸關係史 |url=http://www.wun-ching.com.tw/img/Books_files/ST003e3-9789862369203-trial.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020646/http://www.wun-ching.com.tw/img/Books_files/ST003e3-9789862369203-trial.pdf |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-05-28 |website=新文京開發出版股份有限公司}}</ref>
+
+== Ancient Times ==
+
+=== Period of the Three Kingdoms (suspected) ===
+[[File:三国行政区划(繁).png|left|thumb|Some scholars believe that [[Yizhou (island)|Yizhou]] in the [[Three Kingdoms]] was Taiwan, but the view is controversial]]
+[[File:南宋疆域图（繁）.png|thumb|Southern Song Dynasty with Penghu and Liuqiu]]
+The Chinese history book, "[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]] - Wu Zhi" records that in the first month of spring in the second year of Huanglong (230), [[Eastern Wu]] sent generals Wei Wen and Zhu Ge Zhi with 10,000 soldiers to cross the sea from Zhang'an in Linhai County in search of [[Yizhou (island)|Yizhou]],<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=叶哲明 |date=1982 |title=东吴的海外拓展和卫温、诸葛直从章安出使台湾考略 |journal=中国古代史 |pages=23}}</ref> and thousands of them landed on Yizhou and returned.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=三國志|author=陳壽|date=|authorlink=|chapter=卷47|location=吳書孫權傳|quote=遣將軍衛溫、諸葛直將甲士萬人浮海求夷洲及亶洲。亶洲所在絕遠，卒不可得至，但得夷洲數千人還。}}</ref> In addition, the book "Linhai Water and Land" written by Shen Ying, the governor of Danyang in [[Eastern Wu]], records that Yizhou is 2,000 miles southeast of Linhai County, where "the land is free of frost and snow,<ref group="Notes">Whether the original text is "Yizhou" or "Yi Zhou" is uncertain.</ref> and the grass and trees do not die; on all sides are mountains, where many mountain barbarians live."<ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣文化誌 |publisher=[[伊能嘉矩]] |year=1985 |pages=25-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣史事概說 |publisher= |year=1954 |author-mask=郭廷以}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣地方史 |publisher=中國社會科學出版社 |year=1982 |location=北京 |language=zh |author-mask=陳碧笙}}</ref> Some scholars believe that Yizhou refers to Taiwan, but there is controversy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=馮鉞 |date=2013-08-08 |title=夷洲問題再辨析 |url=http://www.strongwindpress.com/pdfs/HKFax/No_HK2013-41.pdf |journal=参阅文稿 |volume=41 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928040216/http://www.strongwindpress.com/pdfs/HKFax/No_HK2013-41.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=[台灣人四百年史 |publisher=[[史明]] |year=2014-07-01 |isbn=9789574316441}}</ref>
+
+=== Sui and Tang dynasties (suspected) ===
+According to the [[Book of Sui]], [[Liuqiu (medieval)|Liuqiu]] was located on a sea island, east of Jian'an County, and could be reached by boat in five days.<ref group="Notes">Jian'an County is located in present-day Fujian Province, and has four counties under its jurisdiction: Min (present-day Fuzhou City, Fujian Province), Jian'an, Nan'an, and [[Longxi County|Longxi]]. <nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{cite wikisource|title=Sui Shu|chapter=vol. 31|location=Zhi XXVI}}</ref</ref> There is also a record of [[Emperor Yang of Sui]] sending troops to attack Liuqiu, three times in total. The first time was in 607, but because of the [[language]] barrier, only one person was "swept away and returned".<ref>{{Cite book |last=魏徵等 |title=《隋书{{!}}隋書》 |publisher=臺灣商務印書館 |year=2010 |isbn=9789570524994 |edition=2010 Reprinted |location=Taipei City |access-date=}}</ref> The following year, Zhu Kuan made a second attack, but they only "took his armor and returned".<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=隋書|chapter=卷81|location=流求國}}</ref> The third time was in 610, when Chen Rong and Zhang Zhenzhou led an army and captured thousands of men and women, and returned. Some scholars believe that the Riuqui Kingdom recorded in the Sui Shu is today's Taiwan, but others believe that the Riuqui Kingdom refers to the [[Ryukyu Islands]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/zhongguorenshiga0000boya |title=《中國人史綱》 |publisher=同心出版 |year=2005 |isbn=7-80716-121-3 |author-mask=柏楊 |access-date=2011-06-06}}</ref>
+
+=== Song and Yuan dynasties ===
+In 1171, Wang Dayou was the governor of Quanzhou, an area under the jurisdiction of [[Emperor Xiaozong of Song|Emperor Xiaozong]], who had an island called Penghu, where many Han Chinese lived.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=諸蕃志|author=|date=1225|authorlink=趙汝適|chapter=卷上|location=毗舍耶|quote=泉有海島曰彭湖，隸晉江縣。}}</ref> In order to prevent harassment, every year when the south wind rose, Wang Dayou sent troops to defend,<ref>{{Cite web |title=台湾历史 |url=http://gothenburg.chineseconsulate.org/chn/ztlm/twwt/ljtw/t224586.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605080454/http://gothenburg.chineseconsulate.org/chn/ztlm/twwt/ljtw/t224586.htm |archive-date=2017-06-05 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=中华人民共和国驻哥德堡总领事馆}}</ref> costing the army money, but it was still too much to handle.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=宋史|chapter=卷400|location=汪大猷|quote=起知泉州。毗舍邪嚐掠海濱居民，歲遣戍防之，勞費不貲。大猷作屋二百區，遣將留屯。}}</ref> So he built 200 houses and dispatched generals to reside in them.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=福建省地方志编纂委员会 |date=2015-10-24 |title=台湾的汪姓 |url=http://www.fjsq.gov.cn/fjSituationDetailPage.aspx?key=2437187feffc4328bd4bc7b5b891cf55 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811152304/http://www.fjsq.gov.cn/fjSituationDetailPage.aspx?key=2437187feffc4328bd4bc7b5b891cf55 |archive-date=2017-08-11 |access-date=2017-06-01 |website=福建省情资料库}}</ref> There are few records about the cross-strait trade during the Song and Yuan dynasties, but from the large number of ceramics excavated during the Song and Yuan dynasties,<ref>{{Harvnb|林滿紅|1994|loc=摘要}}</ref> Penghu should have been an important stopover for the foreign trade of mainland China at that time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=四、漢人到來 |url=http://teacher.whsh.tc.edu.tw/huanyin/tw_teaching_2d.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821160456/http://teacher.whsh.tc.edu.tw/huanyin/tw_teaching_2d.htm |archive-date=2018-08-21 |access-date=2017-06-08 |publisher=台灣歷史圖說}}</ref> According to the records, during the Song and Yuan dynasties, iron was a high-priced commodity in Taiwan, and the aborigines in Taiwan often had to wait for merchant ships from mainland China to dock and exchange food for iron from the people on board.<ref>{{Cite book |title=福建古代经济史 |publisher=福建教育出版社 |year=1995 |page=335 |quote=Song and Yuan dynasties, Taiwan's indigenous due to lack of iron and expensive iron, mainland ships to that will compete for food for easy nail iron. |author-mask=唐文基 |access-date=}}</ref> In his "Journal of the East of the Sea", Zhu Jingying of the Qing Dynasty said that he had received hundreds of Song money at the Chiayi port.
+
+In 1281, [[Kublai Khan]] sent an envoy to [[Mongol invasions of Japan|invade Japan]], and most of his ships were sunk by a typhoon, and the remnants drifted to the west coast of Taiwan and Penghu.<ref name=":2">{{cite wikisource|title=臺灣通史|author=|date=1918|authorlink=連橫 (歷史學家)|chapter=卷1|location=開闢紀|quote=}}</ref> In 1292, Yuan Shizu sent an ambassador to appease Liuqiu,<ref>{{Cite book |title=重修台灣省通志 |publisher=台灣省文獻委員會 |year=1994 |location=臺北}}</ref> but after arriving, he could not speak the language with the locals and returned without success.<ref name=":1">{{cite wikisource|title=元史|chapter=卷210|location=琉求|quote=彭湖诸岛与琉求相对。}}</ref> In the third year of [[Temür Khan]]'s reign (1297), Fujian Province's Pingshang Minister of State was pleased to send provincial governor Zhang Hao and Fuzhou's new army Zhang Jin to the Ryukyu Kingdom,<ref name=":1" /> capturing more than 130 people and returning.<ref>{{Harvnb|屠薇君|2004|loc=第二章 中國歷代王朝對台灣的開發}}</ref> In the first month of the next year, the captured Ryukyu people were released and asked to submit to the Yuan Dynasty, but nothing happened after that. In 1330 and 1337, Wang Dayuan left from Quanzhou twice to trade with other countries. He recorded in the "Island Yi Zhi Lu" that Penghu belonged to Jinjiang County of [[Quanzhou]], and Ryukyu was one of the overseas countries.<ref name=":0" />
+
+=== Pre-Ming Dynasty ===
+In 1384, the Ming dynasty abolished the Penghu inspection division, and in 1563 the Penghu inspection division was reinstated to send troops to guard.<ref>{{Cite book |title=東番記 |year= |quote=The beginning of Yongle, Zheng Neiwu sailing advice to the barbarians, the East alone, do not listen to the agreement, so the family of a brass bell, so that the neck, cover the dog. To this day, it is still passed down as a treasure. |author-mask=陳第}}</ref> It is recorded in the "Dongfanji" that Zheng He visited Taiwan during his expedition in the early years of [[Yongle]], when the Dongfangyi (aborigines of Taiwan) hid and did not want to obey the restrictions, so Zheng He gave each family a brass bell to tie around their necks.<ref>{{Cite book |title=台湾府志 |chapter=卷一沿革 |quote=大井。明宣德间太监王三保到此，曾在此井取水，即今西定坊大井也。 |author-mask=蒋毓英}}</ref> The bronze bell was treated as a [[Ming treasure voyages|treasure]] by them. During the [[Xuande]] period, Zheng He's fleet went to Taiwan to draw water at the head of Dajingfang, and he also threw medicine into the water to heal the sicknesses of the local indigenous people.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=邱清华 |title=郑和下西洋与台湾 |url=http://qk.laicar.com/Home/Content/663095 |journal=东方收藏 |pages=2011012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313003758/http://qk.laicar.com/Home/Content/663095 |archive-date=2020-03-13 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref> In the 42nd year of [[Jiajing]] (1563), Lin Daoqian, a pirate of [[Quanzhou]] origin, gathered against the Ming Dynasty and was pursued by [[Yu Dayou]], the Ming Governor, and fled to Taiwan to settle in Jigong via Penghu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=海盜林道乾遭明都督俞大猷追擊，逃來臺灣，匿跡打鼓山。 |url=http://ikm.nmtl.gov.tw/index.php?option=com_klg&task=ddetail&id=1&Itemid=238 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004947/http://ikm.nmtl.gov.tw/index.php?option=com_klg&task=ddetail&id=1&Itemid=238 |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-05-31 |website=台湾文学知识平台 |publisher=國立台灣文學館}}</ref> He led hundreds of followers and enslaved the aborigines in Taiwan.<ref name=":2" /> The Aborigines were so angry that they agreed to kill [[Lin Daoqian]], but the news leaked out and they were killed by Lin Daoqian in a night attack. After Lin Daoqian, [[Limahong]], the leader of the [[Chaozhou]] pirates, was chased by Hu Shouren, the [[Ming dynasty|Ming Dynasty]]'s chief soldier, in 1574 and fled to Penghu, and then to Taiwan's Sprite Harbor (Bajang Xi Kou) as his base.<ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣史小事典 |publisher=遠流出版 |year=2000 |isbn=9573241617 |pages=13 |author-mask=遠流台灣館}}</ref> When Hu Shouren sent an order to the pirates to attack, Lin Feng and the others fled.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-09-15 |title=台湾——明代中国的海防要地 |url=http://www.chinanews.com/2000-09-15/26/46586.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812153802/http://www.chinanews.com/2000-09-15/26/46586.html |archive-date=2019-08-12 |access-date=2017-06-06 |website=中国新闻网}}</ref>
+
+== Modern times ==
+
+=== Japanese invasion and Ming Dynasty defense ===
+[[File:顏思齊開拓臺灣登陸紀念碑.JPG|thumb|The monument to the landing of Yan Siqi in [[Beigang, Yunlin|Beigang]]]]
+According to Shen Yourong, a Ming coast guard general, who wrote in the "Minhai Gift", he had "entered Dongfan three times to destroy the Japanese and drive away the Dutch".<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=百家讲坛 |date=2010-04-27 |title=明万历年间大将沈有容：被遗忘的收复台湾第一人 |url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhongguogudaishi/detail_2010_04/27/1461156_0.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812082604/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhongguogudaishi/detail_2010_04/27/1461156_0.shtml |archive-date=2019-08-12 |access-date=2017-06-06 |website=凤凰网}}</ref> In July of 1602, the [[Wokou]] plundered the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang, and then fled to Dongfan as their lair.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-24 |title=历史上的收复台湾:1602年沈有容挥师入台灭倭寇 |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098351.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098351.shtml |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-06-05 |website=新浪网 |publisher=中国台湾网}}</ref> On the one hand, Fujian Quanzhou defender Shen Youyong Duji sent people to scout the enemy, understand the climate, wind direction and sea current, build ships, train troops and store food. In the winter of the same year, Zhu Yunchang, the governor of Fujian, issued a secret order to "fight against the Japanese in the East" and Shen Youyong led 24 ships across the sea to Taiwan and defeated the Japanese. He burned and sank 6 Japanese ships, beheaded 15 heads and took back more than 370 captives. Shen Youyong was stationed in Da Ren for more than 20 days, and [[Chen Di]], who was accompanying him, wrote the article "Dongfan Ji" based on the customs of [[Taiwanese indigenous peoples]].<ref name=":3" />
+
+=== Dutch, Western and Han Chinese in Taiwan ===
+[[File:Dutch and Spanish Taiwan zh-hans.svg|left|thumb|Mainland China on the west coast of the strait was the Ming Dynasty, and the island of Taiwan on the east coast of the strait was ruled by Dutch, Spanish and aboriginal regimes]]
+In 1604, when the Dutchman Wei Malang occupied [[Penghu]], Shen Youyong, the Ming Dynasty's chief minister of Wuzhou, led 50 ships (about 2,000 men) to Penghu and asked Wei Malang to leave. Due to the disparity in strength between the two sides, Wei Malang left Penghu on December 15 and went to Taiwan to find a stronghold.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-07-19 |title=全台第一碑沈有容諭退紅毛番韋麻郎等 |url=http://www.phsea.com.tw/travel/index.php/全台第一碑沈有容諭退紅毛番韋麻郎等 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074351/http://www.phsea.com.tw/travel/index.php/%E5%85%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%A2%91%E6%B2%88%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B9%E8%AB%AD%E9%80%80%E7%B4%85%E6%AF%9B%E7%95%AA%E9%9F%8B%E9%BA%BB%E9%83%8E%E7%AD%89 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=澎湖资讯网 |publisher=澎湖時報}}</ref> This incident is recorded on the monument of Shen Youyong's advice to the retreat of the Red Maoists in the [[Penghu Tianhou Temple]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Wills |first=John E., Jr. |title=Taiwan: A New History |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7656-1495-7 |editor-last=Rubinstein |editor-first=Murray A. |pages=84–106 |chapter=The Seventeenth-century Transformation: Taiwan under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime}}</ref> In 1622, [[Jan Pieterszoon Coen]], the governor of the [[Dutch East India Company]] in [[Indonesia]], sent Lei Yosheng to Penghu and established [[Fengguiwei Fort]] as a trading base.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=周婉窈 |title=〈明清文獻中「臺灣非明版圖」例證〉 |url=http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~wanyaochou/paper/4-2.pdf |format=pdf |journal=《鄭欽仁教授榮退紀念論文集》 |publisher=稻鄉出版 |publication-place=臺北市 |pages=267-293 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017094119/http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~wanyaochou/paper/4-2.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2017-05-28}}</ref> In 1624, Ming General [[Yu Dayou]] led an army to surround the Dutch and after eight months of fierce battle, the Dutch evacuated Penghu and moved to Taiwan to set up [[Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)|Fort Zeelandia]] as a base.<ref name=":4" /> The Dutch East India Company recruited Han Chinese from the coast of Fujian Province of China and Penghu to cultivate in Taiwan, and many of them later settled in Taiwan. The genealogy of the Yan clan in [[Anhai]] and the genealogy of the Guo clan in Fenyang, and Dongshi both contain records of the migration of families into Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=彭文宇：历史上闽台家庭与家族交往 |url=http://www.huaxia.com/zt/2001-19/32797.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818051404/http://www.huaxia.com/zt/2001-19/32797.html |archive-date=2019-08-18 |access-date=2016-10-20 |website=华夏经纬}}</ref>
+
+According to legend, in 1621, [[Pedro Yan Shiqi]], a [[Zhangzhou]] citizen, came to Taiwan from Nagasaki, Japan, and set up a fortress in the area of Zhu Luo Mountain, engaging in farming, hunting, and trading activities. When the news spread back to the mainland, it attracted a large number of poor people from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou to come across the sea and join them, numbering as many as 3,000 people. In 1625 Yan Shiqi died of illness, and [[Zheng Zhilong]] ([[Koxinga]]'s father) succeeded him.<ref group="Notes">In the 13th year of Chongzhen (1640), the Ming court promoted Zheng Zhilong to be the chief military officer of Fujian, and he was appointed as the Dudou Tongji (from the first rank).</ref> In 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen) in September, Zheng Zhilong was recruited by the Ming court and returned to the mainland with more than 30,000 men and more than 1,000 ships as the "Five Tiger Guerrilla General" and was stationed in [[Anhai]]. During the Fujian disaster, Zheng Zhilong sent tens of thousands of starving people to Taiwan to earn a living, and the related expenses were then returned to Zheng Zhilong in the form of rent and taxes. In addition, Zheng Zhilong broke the [[Haijin]] and almost monopolized the trade between the coast of mainland China and Taiwan, Macau, Japan, and the Philippines.<ref>{{Harvnb|屠薇君|2004|loc=Chapter 3: 明朝前期海峽兩岸關係的曲折發展}}</ref>
+
+In 1626, the Spaniard Vardes led a fleet of ships from [[Manila]], Philippines, along the east coast of Taiwan to Keelung Island in [[Keelung|Keelung City]] to establish the city of San Salvador as the center of rule.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.tiprc.org.tw/blog_wp/?p=9403 |title=西班牙人在臺灣（1626-1642） |collaboration=李毓中等译 |publisher=國史館台灣文獻館 |isbn=986007769X |location=南投市 |pages=36 |author-mask=荷西．馬利亞．阿瓦列斯 |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://www.tiprc.org.tw/blog_wp/?p=9403 |archive-date=2019-03-05}}</ref> Although the Spaniards were not allowed to start official trade with the [[Ming dynasty|Ming Dynasty]], they attracted smugglers to do business in Jilong by exempting them from customs duties, [[tariff]], and even entry inspection.<ref>{{Cite book |title=福爾摩沙如何變成臺灣府? |publisher=遠流 |year=2007-03-07 |isbn=9789573259404 |pages=172 |author-mask=歐陽泰}}</ref>
+
+In 1633 (the sixth year of Chongzhen), the [[Dutch East India Company]] used Taiwan as a base to blockade and plunder the coast of Fujian on the mainland.<ref>Translated by Cheng Shaogang, The Dutch in Formosa, UNBEC, 2000</ref> The Ming navy under the leadership of [[Zheng Zhilong]] defeated the Dutch East India Company and the pirate alliance, which is known as the [[Battle of Liaoluo Bay]].<ref>{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|p=139}}</ref>The Han Chinese in Taiwan also rebelled against Dutch rule, the better known being the [[Guo Huaiyi rebellion]] in 1652.<ref>[[:zh:黃昭堂|黃昭堂]] An Exploration of Taiwanese Consciousness before the Second World War," Essays on the Fall of Taiwan, Taipei: Modern Academic Research Foundation, p. 82</ref> At that time, 4,000 to 5,000 Han Chinese participated, about a quarter of the total number of Han Chinese in Taiwan, and were suppressed after 12 days, with 3,000 to 4,000 Han Chinese dead.<ref>Johannes Huber, translated by Lin Weisheng, "Chinese Immigrants Against the East India Company: The Guo Huaiyi Incident of 1652", Taiwan Literature, vol. 53, no. 3, p. 119</ref>
+
+The territory of Taiwan is described in the "[[History of Ming]] Dynasty" by [[Zhang Tingyu]] of the Qing Dynasty as "its land, from the north to the highest peak in the south, can be more than 1,000 miles; in the east from Doroman, in the west to Wangcheng, can be more than 900 miles".<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=明史|author=|authorlink=張廷玉|wslanguage=zh|chapter=卷323|location=列傳第二百一十一 外國四|quote=}}</ref> It is worth noting that Jigong, together with Ryukyu, [[Luzon]], and [[Brunei]], was included in the chapter of "The Fourth of the Two Hundred and Eleven Foreign Countries", which was not included in the Ming Dynasty's territory.<ref>{{Cite book |title=海洋與殖民地臺灣論集 |publisher=聯經出版事業公司 |year=2012-03-23 |isbn=9570839554 |pages=151-152 |author-mask=周婉窈}}</ref>
+
+=== Zheng Chenggong fights back against the Dutch ===
+{{See also|Southern Ming|Kingdom of Tungning}}
+[[File:Chikan Tower - Dutch surrender statue.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Dutch people]] surrendering to [[Koxinga]]]]
+In 1644, the [[Ming dynasty|Ming Dynasty]] fell, and the Ming clans of [[Zhu Yousong]], [[Zhu Yihai]], and [[Zhu Yujian]] established the [[Southern Ming]] regime. Among them, [[Zhu Yujian]] of Tang was crowned emperor by the brothers Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Hongkui in 1645 in [[Fuzhou]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=臺灣史 |collaboration=吳文星 |publisher=五南圖書出版股份有限公司 |year=2002 |isbn=9571127388 |location=台湾 |pages=52 |author-mask=黃秀政 |author-mask2=張勝彥}}</ref> In 1646, the Qing army entered Fujian, Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and Zheng Chenggong left for Kinmen.<ref group="Notes">After Zheng Chenggong came to Taiwan, he received King Lu's son Zhu Honghuan, King Luxi Zhu Ci Kuang, King Badong Zhu Jiang, King Le'an Zhu Jun, King Shucheng Zhu Zhi, King Fengnan Zhu, King Yi Zhu Zirconium, and other Ming clansmen to Taiwan.</ref> In 1647, Zheng Chenggong formally swore to rebel against the Qing Dynasty under the name of [[House of Zhu]] and recruited and claimed the surname of the sinful subjects of the great general, and fought for more than ten years in the southeast coast of the mainland, and helped the Ming clan and the people to cross the sea and settle in Taiwan.<ref>陳錦昌，2004，《鄭成功的台灣時代》，p.053-073。台北：向日葵文化。</ref> Since the Dutch often robbed Chinese merchant ships, Zheng Chenggong warned the Dutch twice between the tenth (1656) and fourteenth (1660) years of the Yongli era to stop robbing merchant ships or they would not trade with them.<ref name=":5">{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|loc=第四章 鄭成功收復台灣與清朝的統一}}</ref> In April 1661, Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships into Taiwan under the name of "Great General of the Ming Recruiting Army" and forced the Dutch East India Company to sign a contract of surrender on February 1, 1662, after the Battle of Jelanzai.<ref>《[[:zh:先王實錄|先王實錄]]》：「承天府安平鎮，本藩暫建都於此，文武各官及總鎮大小將領家眷暫住於此。」</ref> Zheng Chenggong set up Chengtianfu in Taiwan and tried to rebel against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, but he died soon afterward.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.smcbook.com.tw/smc/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=13189 |title=穿梭府城今昔 |publisher=台南市政府 |year=2009 |isbn=9789868531635 |pages=64 |chapter=末代王孙朱術桂 |author-mask=台灣英文新聞股份有限公司編輯部 |access-date=2022-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513121920/https://www.smcbook.com.tw/smc/index.php?route=product%2Fproduct&product_id=13189 |archive-date=2021-05-13}}</ref> After Cheng Cheng succeeded to the throne, due to the fear of insufficient legitimacy of his rule, he welcomed the Great Ming King of Ningjing, [[Zheng Jing]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=明郑王朝 |url=http://www.jianglishi.cn/shijian/mzwc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182244/http://www.jianglishi.cn/shijian/mzwc.html |archive-date=2017-06-29 |access-date=2017-07-12 |website=讲历史}}</ref> from Kinmen to Taiwan in 1663 and renamed Taiwan as Dongning, still serving the Ming dynasty in name and setting up the [[Tainan Confucian Temple]] in 1665.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=林珮瑩 |title=臺南孔廟的研究 |journal=國立成功大學中國文學系碩博士班碩士論文 |publisher=國立成功大學 |publication-place=臺南市}}</ref>
+
+On April 21, 1674, [[Geng Jingzhong]], the King of Jingnan of the Qing Dynasty, rose against the Qing Dynasty and invited Zheng Jing across the sea for a western expedition. After [[Zheng Jing]] crossed the sea, he asked Geng Jingzhong to claim [[Zhangzhou]] and Quanzhou, but after being refused, he sent troops to occupy Haicheng and [[Tong'an District]], and the two sides began to fight. In 1675, Geng Jingzhong negotiated with Zheng Jing to settle the war with Fengting as the boundary, the north belonged to Geng and the south to Zheng. In 1676, Zheng Jing defeated the Pingnan King [[Shang Zhixin]] and occupied [[Huizhou]]. After Zheng Jing had the four state capitals of Zhang, Quan, [[Chaozhou]], and Huizhou, he captured Tingzhou, and Geng Jingzhong had to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. After Geng Jingzhong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Jing, who faced the Qing army alone, was defeated and finally retreated to Xiamen.
+
+In 1677, the Qing Dynasty started peace talks with Zheng Jing again, and Prince Kang of the Qing Dynasty promised in a letter that if Zheng Jing retreated from the islands off the coast of China, he would promise to make Dongning a vassal of the Qing Dynasty in the same way as Korea, and to trade with Dongning without suspicion forever.<ref name=":6">{{cite wikisource|title=臺灣通史|author=|date=1918|authorlink=連橫 (歷史學家)|chapter=卷2|location=建國紀|quote=}}</ref> In 1678, a letter from the Qing general Lai Ta to Zheng Jing claimed that if Zheng's army was willing to retreat to Taiwan, then Zheng could stay in Taiwan forever, with the same status as Joseon and Japan, without having to shave his hair and change his clothes, and pay tribute to his subjects all by his own will.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=宋貴龍 |year=2008 |title=鄭氏王朝及其對台灣的統治 |journal=國立中山大學中山學術研究所碩士論文 |location=高雄市 |publisher=國立中山大學}}</ref> In 1680, Zheng Jing was defeated and retreated from Xiamen to Taiwan. On March 17, 1681, when Zheng Jing died, the important officer [[Feng Xifan]] killed [[Zheng Kezang]] and established his brother [[Zheng Keshuang]], which led to the deterioration of the state and the disintegration of the people.<ref name=":6" />
+[[File:1894 Taiwan.svg|thumb|The administrative boundaries of Taiwan Province in Fujian in 1894, with the uncontrolled territories in black and the claimed control of the [[Taitung Prefecture]] in gray]]
+
+=== Qing Dynasty included Taiwan in its map ===
+{{Seealso|Qin's wars of unification}}
+On July 10, 1683 (the 22nd year of Kangxi), the [[Kangxi Emperor]] of the Qing Dynasty sent [[Shi Lang]] to attack Taiwan with more than 20,000 troops and 200 ships on land and water. After seven days of fierce fighting, the elite of [[Zheng Keshuang]]'s army was completely wiped out.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-24 |title=1683年康熙帝和平统一海峡两岸 |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098353.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098353.shtml |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-06-05 |website=新浪网 |publisher=中国台湾网}}</ref> On July 20, the King of Ningjing, Zhu Jungui, committed suicide and martyred himself, while Zheng Ke-chiao formally submitted his surrender on September 17, and on October 3, Qing troops entered Taiwan to accept the surrender.<ref name=":5" /> In the following year, Taiwan was established as Taiwan Prefecture, which was under the jurisdiction of Taiwan, Fengshan and Zhu Luo counties, and was subordinate to Taixia Province of Fujian Province, and promulgated the "Rules of Taiwan for the Investigation of Exile" to strictly control the number of mainland Han Chinese crossing into Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=王泰升 |url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7OkYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&source=bl&ots=iDZ1RTDNK_&sig=LZ3AzFG8qV8m83n8wY6My6bmBt4&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG5da6_M_QAhUCW5QKHXfgAQQ4KBDoAQg_MAc#v=onepage&q=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&f=false |title=追尋臺灣法律的足跡: 事件百選與法律史研究 |last2=薛化元 |last3=黃世杰 |publisher=台灣五南圖書出版股份有限公司 |year=2015-07-17 |isbn=9789571178615 |access-date=2017-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305002642/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7OkYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&source=bl&ots=iDZ1RTDNK_&sig=LZ3AzFG8qV8m83n8wY6My6bmBt4&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG5da6_M_QAhUCW5QKHXfgAQQ4KBDoAQg_MAc#v=onepage&q=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&f=false |archive-date=2017-03-05}}</ref> At the early stage of the establishment of Taiwan, the Qing court authorized the Fujian governor to transfer officials from the mainland of Fujian Province to Taiwan from each other. Therefore, most of the officials in Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty were from [[Fuzhou]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=-YMwbIzRE2AC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&source=bl&ots=lSxCzFbwGS&sig=98ZWYaLxV6Os1WdT3i14ReqbbMo&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8yPD7kdLPAhVrL8AKHYe9AH4Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&f=false |title=闽台缘与闽南凤: 闽台关系, 闽台社会与闽南文化研究 |publisher=福建教育出版社 |year=2006 |author-mask=汪毅夫 |access-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012152530/https://books.google.de/books?id=-YMwbIzRE2AC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&source=bl&ots=lSxCzFbwGS&sig=98ZWYaLxV6Os1WdT3i14ReqbbMo&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8yPD7kdLPAhVrL8AKHYe9AH4Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&f=false |archive-date=2016-10-12}}</ref>
+
+In 1721, [[Zhu Yigui]] made himself king of Taiwan and named his country "Da Ming", but he was soon destroyed by the Qing army, and in late 1731 (the ninth year of the Yongzheng era of the Qing Dynasty), the [[Taokas people]], the aborigines of Taiwan, launched an armed resistance against the government. Hao Yulin, the acting governor of Fujian at that time, sent Wang County, the chief soldier of Taiwan, to supervise the conquest, and more than 6,000 soldiers were recruited from [[mainland China]] to conquer Taiwan. The incident lasted for seven months, and finally, the chiefs of Taiwan surrendered at the head of the army.<ref>[[:zh:周璽_(嘉慶進士)|周璽]]《彰化縣志》卷六·田賦志·番丁</ref> Thirteen chiefs, including Lin Li, were executed in accordance with the Qing law, and the Shalong chief was found guilty of abetting the conspiracy and was sentenced to death.<ref>[[:zh:國立故宮博物院|國立故宮博物院]]《宮中檔雍正朝奏摺》二十輯</ref>
+
+After the Qing court ruled Taiwan, trade between Taiwan and the mainland became more prosperous. At that time, Taiwan's main exports were rice, deer skins, and sugar, and imports were textiles, herbs, and other daily necessities, and the three main trading ports were Fucheng (now Tainan Anping), Lugang (now Changhua Lugang), and Monga (now Taipei Wanhua). The common name "One Fu, Two Lu and Three Monga" describes the most prosperous trading ports during this period. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of immigrants came to Taiwan, and there were many conflicts of interest between the first and second arriving groups.<ref>{{Cite web |title=從漁獵到現代化 |url=http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2006/ypjh/a/a6.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130025300/http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2006/ypjh/a/a6.htm |archive-date=2016-11-30 |access-date=2016-10-13}}</ref> For example, there were Min-Yue armed battles between the He-lo people of Fujian and the Hakka and Chaozhou people of Guangdong; Quan-Zhang armed battles between the [[Quanzhou]] and Zhangzhou people of Fujian; and Xipi-Fulu armed battles between the Xiqu schools.<ref>{{Cite web |title=西皮福祿之爭 |url=http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2008/cowandhorse/4/4-2/index_.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218163752/http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2008/cowandhorse/4/4-2/index_.htm |archive-date=2017-12-18 |access-date=2017-05-30}}</ref> However, there were also collaborations among the various ethnic groups in Taiwan during this period. For example, in 1796, when Wu Sha was reclaiming Clam Chai, there were Zhang, Quan and [[Hakka people]] who joined the reclamation.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=戴寶村 |title=移民臺灣：臺灣移民歷史的考察 |url=http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/web-life/taiwan/9608/9608-14.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929123211/http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/web-life/taiwan/9608/9608-14.htm |archive-date=2016-09-29 |access-date=2016-10-12 |website=台湾月刊 |publisher=台湾省政府}}</ref>
+
+=== Governance of Taiwan in the late Qing Dynasty ===
+After the [[Second Opium War]] in 1860, the Qing government agreed to open Taiwan to trade in Anping and Danshui, and soon opened the two ports of Dog and Jidong. 1874, Japan sent troops to Taiwan to create the Mudangsha Incident. 1875, the Qing government sent [[Shen Baozhen]] as the Minister of the Imperial Household to Taiwan for inspection, and transferred 6,500 men from Tang Dingkui's army stationed in Xuzhou to Taiwan for garrisoning. In the end, it was settled by the signing of the Beijing Treaty between China and Japan.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/zheyangdushigeng0000yuqi |title=这样读史更有趣 |publisher=中国城市出版社 |year=2007-05-01 |isbn=9787507418552 |chapter=第八篇3.是是非非李鸿章 |author-mask=渔樵耕读}}</ref> This diplomatic incident prompted the Qing court to lift the ban on mainland Chinese people crossing to Taiwan for cultivation, and Taiwan was fully opened up.<ref>{{Cite book |title=近代中國外交的巨變——外交制度與中外關係變化的研究 |publisher=商務出版社 |year=1991 |isbn=9789570503968 |location=香港 |author-mask=梁伯華}}</ref>
+
+During the [[Sino-French War]] in 1884, French Admiral Lupo occupied Keelung, attacked Danshui, blocked the Taiwan Strait, and harassed the Chinese coastal provinces.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=林君成 |title=十九世紀中國的禦侮戰爭－以中法戰爭臺灣戰役（1883-1885）為論述中心 |journal=中國文化大學史學研究所博士論文 |location=臺北市 |publisher=中國文化大學 |publication-date=2007}}</ref> On July 29, 1885, [[Zuo Zongtang]] explained the reasons for the rapid transformation of Taiwan into a province in his "Request for the transfer of the governor of Fujian to Taiwan to take charge of Taiwan's defense".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-24 |title=台防紧要请移福建巡抚驻台镇摄折（1885年7月29日） |url=http://lishi.zhuixue.net/renwu/zuozongtang/25415.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://lishi.zhuixue.net/renwu/zuozongtang/25415.html |archive-date=2019-03-05 |website=追学网}}</ref> In October of the same year,<ref>劉寧顏 編：《重修臺灣省通志》，[[:zh:臺北市|臺北市]]；[[:zh:臺灣省文獻委員會|臺灣省文獻委員會]]，1994年。</ref> the Qing court established the Fujian Province of Taiwan to control the former Fujian Province of Taiwan and Taipei Province.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=清史稿|chapter=卷416|location=卷四百十六 劉銘傳}}</ref> During his tenure as governor of Taiwan,<ref name=":7" /> Liu Ming Chuan expanded the number of provinces, created new counties,<ref>{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|loc=台湾建省与刘铭传“理番”|p=194}}</ref> and promoted a series of foreign affairs reforms, making Taiwan the most modernized province in the Qing Empire at that time.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=顧瑞鈴 |year=2008 |title=劉銘傳新政之研究 |journal=銘傳大學應用中國文學系碩士在職專班碩士論文 |location=桃園縣 |publisher=銘傳大學}}</ref>
+[[File:《马关条约》签字时的情景.jpg|thumb|Japanese drawing of the signing of the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]]]]
+
+=== Qing Dynasty ceded Taiwan to Japan ===
+{{Seealso|Taiwan under Japanese rule}}
+[[File:Ando Rikichi surrender.jpg|thumb|On October 25, 1945, at [[Zhongshan Hall]], General [[Rikichi Andō]] signed and stamped on the Receipt of Order No. 1 of General [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]]'s Department, and then passed it to General [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]] via General Haruki Kikeyama]]
+[[Qing dynasty|Qing Dynasty]] was defeated by Japan in the [[First Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]] and signed the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]] on April 17, 1895, ceding Taiwan and Penghu to Japan.<ref name=":7" /> The news reached Taiwan, and the then governor of Taiwan, [[Tang Jingsong]], issued the "Declaration of Independence of Taiwan Democracy" on May 25, but still held the Qing Dynasty as the suzerain state.<ref>{{Cite book |last=王育德 |title=《臺灣：苦悶的歷史》 |publisher=臺灣青年社 |year=1979 |edition=中文修訂版 |location=東京都 |pages=107 |access-date=}}</ref> on June 2, both Qing and Japan completed the handover of Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite book |title=日本帝國主義下之臺灣 |collaboration=林明德] |publisher=財團法人吳三連台灣史料基金會 |year=2014-12-10 |isbn=9789868973749 |author-mask=矢內原忠雄}}</ref> and the Japanese army entered Tainan on October 21 to exterminate the regime of Taiwan Democracy.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=鄭政誠 |year=2006 |title=日治時期臺灣總督府對福建鐵路的規劃與佈局（1898-1912） |url=http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~hi/chinese/HISBOOK10/His_10_1.pdf |journal=《史匯》 |publisher=國立中央大學歷史研究所 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305022624/http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~hi/chinese/HISBOOK10/His_10_1.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-05 |access-date=2017-05-27 |quote=Soon after the Japanese took over Taiwan, they used Taiwan as their base and started the invasion of Fujian.}}</ref> Taiwan became a Japanese colony and a base for the Japanese invasion of mainland China.<ref>{{Harvnb|梁華璜|2001}}</ref> The Taiwan Governorate, as the vanguard of the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese Empire]]'s implementation of its southward policy, formulated policies specifically for Fujian and carried out cultural infiltration by founding schools, setting up hospitals, building shrines and operating newspapers on the mainland, which had a profound impact on the development of modern Fujian society.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=毛章清 |year=2010 |title=略论日据时期台湾总督府对厦门的新闻殖民活动 |url=http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn:8080/dspace/bitstream/id/36627/license.txt/;jsessionid=8C15120CCC8C57E2C593C49793E9EADA |journal=中国青年政治学院学报 |pages=125 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021000809/http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn:8080/dspace/bitstream/id/36627/license.txt/;jsessionid=8C15120CCC8C57E2C593C49793E9EADA |archive-date=2016-10-21 |access-date=2016-10-20}}</ref>
+
+Around 1896, the then governor of Taiwan, [[Kodama Gentarō]], sent the then abbot of Lanyang Temple in Yilan, Taiwan, Venerable Gasshohiro to Xiamen to preach. On August 24, 1900, the temple was burned down and on August 25, the Japanese governor of Taiwan sent an army to cross the sea and prepare to occupy Xiamen. The Western powers reacted strongly, and the British, Germans, Americans and Russians all brought their warships into the [[Port of Xiamen]], and the British marines landed in the British Concession. This is known as the "Xiamen Incident" in history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-21 |title=1900年美國報紙頭版的“廈門事件” 究竟發生了什麼事 |url=http://fj.people.com.cn/BIG5/n2/2016/0321/c234949-27973471-2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020174143/http://fj.people.com.cn/BIG5/n2/2016/0321/c234949-27973471-2.html |archive-date=2016-10-20 |access-date=2016-10-20 |website=人民网 |publisher=1900年美國報紙頭版的“廈門事件” 究竟發生了什麼事}}</ref>
+
+After the founding of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] in 1912, Taiwan's [[Chiang Wei-shui|Chiang Wei-Shui]], [[Tu Tsung-ming]] and Weng Chun-Ming joined the Taiwan branch of the [[Tongmenghui]] one after another.<ref>{{Cite book |last=莊永明 |title=臺灣百人傳 |isbn=9571333271}}</ref> 1928 saw the establishment of the Taiwan Communist Party in the [[Shanghai French Concession]] under the guidance of the [[Chinese Communist Party]], which advocated the overthrow of Japanese rule in Taiwan and the establishment of the Taiwan Republic.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=曾郁明 |year=2006 |title=巨變與衝擊:論社會主義思潮對台灣左翼運動的影響(以1920~1937年論述) |journal=國立臺灣師範大學政治學研究所碩士論文 |location=臺北市 |publisher=國立臺灣師範大學 |access-date=}}</ref> After September 1931, the Taiwan Communist Party ceased operations due to the arrest and imprisonment of a large number of party members. In 1934 and 1936, the [[Fujian Provincial Government|Fujian provincial government]] twice organized delegations to Taiwan for inspection. when Japanese rule over Taiwan began in 1895, Taiwan's economy was not yet as large as that of Fujian. However, after nearly 40 years of Japanese operation, Taiwan had far surpassed Fujian. Therefore, the Taiwan Study Tour Report recommended Fujian learn from Taiwan's economic model.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=ITrQDAAAQBAJ&hl=zh-CN&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=民國文學與文化研究 第二輯 |year=2016 |page=250 |access-date=2016-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025045525/https://books.google.de/books?id=ITrQDAAAQBAJ&hl=zh-CN&source=gbs_navlinks_s |archive-date=2016-10-25}}</ref>
+
+After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Taiwanese civilians living in China, under the leadership of Li Youbang, formed the Taiwan Volunteer Force to fight against Japan.<ref>{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|loc=第七章 從五四運動到台灣光復期間海峽兩岸革命情結}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣義勇隊: 台灣抗日團體在大陸的活動, 1937-1945 |publisher=五南圖書出版股份有限公司 |isbn=9867332792 |author-mask=王政文}}</ref> On February 23, 1938, the [[Soviet Volunteer Group]] bombed the [[Taihoku Air Strike]] in Taipei in the name of the First Brigade of the [[Republic of China Air Force]].<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=周湘雲 |date=2015-12-25 |title=敵機來襲！──中美盟軍轟炸臺灣的歷史全記錄 |url=https://gushi.tw/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%96%B0%E7%AB%B9%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%A0%81%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020931/https://gushi.tw/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%96%B0%E7%AB%B9%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%A0%81%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2/ |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=Story Studio Inc}}</ref> on December 9, 1941, the National Government of the Republic of China officially declared war on Japan and declared all treaties against Japan null and void.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=國民政府對日本宣戰布告|date=1941-12-09|quote=所有一切條約、協定、合同，有涉及中、日間之關係者，一律廢止。}}</ref> On November 25, 1943, the 14th Air Force of the [[United States Army Air Forces]] in China and the First Brigade of the [[Chinese-American Composite Wing (Provisional)|Chinese-American Composite Wing]] launched 14 [[North American B-25 Mitchell|B-25]] bombers from [[Suichuan County|Suichuan]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-31 |title=中美混合團成立70週年紀念特展－空襲日軍駐新竹基地（民國32年11月25日） |url=http://museum.mnd.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=1458&p=59307 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203754/http://museum.mnd.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=1458&p=59307 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=国军历史文物馆 |publisher=國防部}}</ref> Jiangxi Province, China, and bombed the Japanese air base at Hsinchu,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=開羅宣言|date=1943-12-01|quote=all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and The Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China.}}</ref> destroying 52 Japanese planes, In July 1945, China, Britain and the U.S. issued the [[Potsdam Declaration]],<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中美英三國促令日本投降之波茨坦公告|date=1945-07-26|quote=(8) The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.}}</ref> which made it clear that "the terms of the [[1943 Cairo Declaration|Cairo Declaration]] must be implemented" as one of the necessary conditions for [[Surrender of Japan|Japan's surrender]].<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=降伏文書|date=1945-09-02|quote=茲接受美、中、英三國政府首領於一九四五年七月二十六日在波茨坦所發表，其後又經蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯邦所加入之公告所列舉之條款。中英美蘇四國在此文件中將被稱為盟邦。}}</ref> on September 2, Japan formally accepted the terms of the Potsdam Proclamation and surrendered to the Allies.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.readbooks.cc/book/11/detail_769730.htm |title=天皇和日本投降 |publisher=档案出版社 |year=1992 |isbn=9787800193330 |author-mask=蔡德金译 |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422123809/http://www.readbooks.cc/book/11/detail_769730.htm |archive-date=2017-04-22}}</ref>
+
+=== The Republic of China takes over Taiwan ===
+{{Seealso|Occupation of Japan}}
+On August 29, 1945, [[Chiang Kai-shek]]. appointed [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]], then chairman of [[Fujian]] Province, as the chief executive of [[Taiwan Province]],<ref>{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|loc=第九章 台灣回歸祖國與國民政府對台灣的治理}}</ref> and on October 15, Kuomintang troops disembarked at Keelung Harbor, and on October 25, the Republic of China formally took over Taiwan and Penghu, designating that day as Taiwan's [[Retrocession Day]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-27 |title=關於「臺灣主權未定論」之答客問 |url=http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=D9D16583771833FD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407150626/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=D9D16583771833FD |archive-date=2016-04-07 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=中華民國外交部}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-28 |title=異哉所謂「臺灣法律地位未定論」：請勿自我矮化國格 |url=http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=9BDC9C8320E17429 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307041730/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=9BDC9C8320E17429 |archive-date=2016-03-07 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=中華民國外交部}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-23 |title=「臺灣的國際法地位」說帖 |url=http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=A421F866010C8490 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817121812/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=A421F866010C8490 |archive-date=2017-08-17 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=中華民國外交部}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author-mask=林良昇 |title=國際法觀點 學者：台灣被中華民國政府佔領70年 |work=自由時報 |publisher=臺北市] |publication-date=2015-10-24 |url=http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/1485820}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author-mask=民視新聞 |title=開羅宣言無法律效力 舊金山和約位階高 |work=民視 |publisher=高雄市 |publication-date=2016-12-01 |url=http://news.ftv.com.tw/NewsContent.aspx?ntype=class&sno=2016C01P10M1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author-mask=林朝億 |title=蔣介石提台灣是托管地書信 國史館網站可查到 |publication-date=2017-01-03 |url=http://newtalk.tw/news/view/2017-01-03/80661}}</ref> At the end of February 1947,<ref>{{Cite book |title=國際法與國際事務論叢 |publisher=臺灣商務印書館 |year=1995 |isbn=9570506997 |location=臺北市 |author-mask=徐熙光}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |author-mask=湯熙勇 |title=恢復國籍的爭議：戰後旅外臺灣人的復籍問題(1945-47) |url=http://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/app/journal.php?vol=17&num=02&year=2005&pdf=cc1725.pdf |journal=人文及社會科學集刊 |type=pdf |publisher=中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心}}</ref> there was a series of civil-military conflicts in Taiwan,<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite book |title={{!}}美國對外關係{{!}}Foreign Relations Series{{!}}Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946 |publisher=美國政府印務局{{!}}United States Government Printing Office{{!}}United States Government Printing Office |year=1971 |author-mask=美國國務院{{!}}Department of State}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.koryu.or.jp/08_03_03_01_middle.nsf/1384a27fc6686a1a49256798000a62f6/9c5e151017fdbbd549256b19000ee01c/$FILE/hoilin2.pdf |title=戰後台灣人之國籍變更與國家認同──以澀谷事件之考察為中心 |last=何義麟 |date= |publisher=財團法人交流協會 |location=臺北市 |page=6-11 |access-date=2017-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016025143/https://www.koryu.or.jp/08_03_03_01_middle.nsf/1384a27fc6686a1a49256798000a62f6/9c5e151017fdbbd549256b19000ee01c/$FILE/hoilin2.pdf |archive-date=2016-10-16}}</ref> and Chen Yi secretly requested Chiang Chung Cheng to send more troops from mainland China to suppress them.
+
+From 1948 onward, as the [[Republic of China Armed Forces]] lost successive battles in the Second Nationalist-Communist Civil War, Chiang began to relocate the National Government, military units, military dependents, National Palace relics, treasury assets and related archives to Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/1949dachetui0000lint |title=1949大撤退 |publisher=聯經出版事業公司 |year=2009-08-24 |isbn=957083451X |author-mask=林桶法}}</ref> from 1945 to 1950, nearly two million military and civilians from all over mainland China moved to Taiwan.<ref group="Notes">The 1944 census conducted by the Taiwan Governor's Office showed that the population of Taiwan and Penghu was only 6.27 million.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=寶島眷村背后的國共恩仇 |publisher=人民日報社 |author-mask=《文史參考》2011年第22期}}</ref> These mainland immigrants were called foreigners in Taiwan to distinguish them from the earlier immigrants to Taiwan from the province.
+
+== The present age ==
+{{Main|Cross-Strait relations}}
+
+=== Military Confrontation ===
+{{Multiple image
+| total_width = 200
+| image1 = 蔣中正肖像(上色).jpg
+| alt1 = 400
+| caption1 = President of Kuomintang, China [[Chiang Kai-shek]]
+| alt2 = 400
+| caption2 = Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China [[Mao Zedong]]
+| align = left
+| header = Top leaders of both sides of the Nationalist and Communist civil wars
+| width1 = 300
+| width2 = 300
+}}
+[[File:UN2758 zh.JPG|thumb|[[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758]] of 1971]]
+On March 15, 1949, the [[Xinhua News Agency]] published an editorial titled "The Chinese People Must Liberate Taiwan", raising the slogan of "[[Chinese unification]]" for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=“一定要解放台湾” |url=http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64170/4467358.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142043/http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64170/4467358.html |archive-date=2018-06-12 |access-date=2016-12-12 |website=人民网}}</ref> After the [[government of the Republic of China]] moved to Taipei following the defeat of the [[Chinese Communist Revolution]], it put forward slogans such as "counter-attacking the mainland", "eliminating communist bandits", and "rescuing compatriots", and promulgated the "Ordinance on the Suppression of Bandits and Spies during the Counterinsurgency Period", which strictly restricted the interaction between Taiwanese and mainlanders. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait went through the [[Battle of Guningtou|Battle of Gulingtou]] in 1949, the Battle of Dongshan Island in 1953, the [[First Taiwan Strait Crisis]] in 1954, the [[Battle of Yijiangshan Islands]] in January 1955, the [[Battle of Dachen Archipelago]] in February 1955, and the [[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis]] in 1958,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-12 |title=“八二三炮战” |url=http://www.tb.sz.gov.cn/gzfw/twbk/ls/201301/t20130115_2100859.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619082042/http://www.tb.sz.gov.cn/gzfw/twbk/ls/201301/t20130115_2100859.htm |archive-date=2017-06-19 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=深圳市人民政府台湾事务办公室}}</ref> with both sides winning and losing.
+
+During that time, the [[Korean War]] broke out and U.S. troops moved into Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/special/chubingdongji/detail_2010_06/23/1660432_0.shtml |title=解密中国外交档案 |publisher=中国档案出版社 |year=2010-06-23 |author-mask=徐京利 |access-date=2017-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608022037/http://news.ifeng.com/history/special/chubingdongji/detail_2010_06/23/1660432_0.shtml |archive-date=2017-06-08}}</ref> while noting that [[Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan|Taiwan's status was undetermined]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Statement by the President on the Situation in Korea |date=1950-06-27 |url=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/viewpapers.php?pid=800 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109112156/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/viewpapers.php?pid=800 |publisher=Truman library |archive-date=2014-11-09 |accessdate=2007-10-06}}</ref> As a result, the People's Republic of China complained to the [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 87]] about the armed aggression against Taiwan, while protesting the exclusion of the People's Republic of China from the United Nations,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=伍修权在联合国安全理事会上控诉美国武装侵略中国领土台湾的发言|author=伍修权|date=1950-11-28|quote=}}</ref> but the case was eventually rejected.<ref>{{cite conference |date=1950-11-30 |title=聯合國安全理事會正式紀錄 第七十二號 第五三0次會議 |url=http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/PV.530&referer=/english/&Lang=C |conference= |location=紐約發拉星草場 |publisher=聯合國安全理事會 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824030006/http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S%2FPV.530&referer=%2Fenglish%2F&Lang=C |archive-date=2015-08-24 |accessdate=2015-08-24}}</ref> In the [[Treaty of San Francisco]], Japan renounced all rights, rights names and claims to Taiwan and the Penghu Islands,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=舊金山和平條約|date=1951-09-08}}</ref> but neither the ROC nor the People's Republic of China participated in the signing of the peace treaty.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中華民國與日本國間和平條約|date=1952-04-28}}</ref> The ROC and Japan then signed the [[Treaty of Taipei]] in 1952, and the signing of the [[Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty]] also made the PLA wary.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=北明 |year=2003 |title=韩战中美国第七舰队与中国 |url=http://archives.cnd.org/HXWK/column/History/kd030707-1.gb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815122403/http://archives.cnd.org/HXWK/column/History/kd030707-1.gb.html |archive-date=2017-08-15 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=华夏快递}}</ref> in April 1955, [[Zhou Enlai]], Premier of the State Council and [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China]], went to Indonesia to attend the [[Bandung Conference]] and issued a statement that "the Chinese government is willing to negotiate with the U.S. government to strive for the liberation of Taiwan by peaceful means".<ref group="Notes">{{Cite web |author1=徐京利 |date=2013-04-11 |title=暗杀周恩来：“克什米尔公主号”事件始末 |url=http://www.guancha.cn/history/2013_04_11_137922.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004947/https://www.guancha.cn/history/2013_04_11_137922.shtml |archive-date=2019-03-05 |accessdate=2017-07-12 |website=观察者 |publisher=解密中国外交档案}}</ref> After learning of this in the U.S., [[Li Zongren]] responded by publishing "Proposals on the Taiwan Question" in August of the same year,<ref group="Notes">In 1949, the acting president of the Republic of China, Li Zongren, was not evacuated to Taiwan, but went to the United States via Hong Kong. he was impeached in 1954.</ref> while the ROC government blocked the news of the publication of this article.<ref>{{Cite book |title=全國政協文史資料委員會編：《文史資料選輯》第140輯 |publisher=中國文史出版社 |year=2000 |isbn=978-7-5034-1065-9 |location=北京}}</ref>
+
+In early October 1958, the PLA announced that it would give up its blockade of Kinmen, and later changed to a "single strike and no strike" to gradually reduce its offensive,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中华人民共和国国防部告台湾同胞书|author=毛泽东|date=1958-10-06|authorlink=毛泽东|quote=为了人道主义，从十月六日起，暂以七天为期，停止炮击，你们可以充分地自由地输送供应品，但以没有美国人护航为条件。}}</ref> and the cross-strait wrestling turned to a legal-unification dispute over [[Greater China]]'s representation in the international community.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=邰言 |date=2015-06-23 |title=海峡两岸关系六十年(三) |url=http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/lsgw/201507/t20150720_10289649.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114203720/http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/lsgw/201507/t20150720_10289649.html |archive-date=2016-11-14 |access-date=2017-06-06 |website=中国和平统一促进会}}</ref> In [[1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China|1972 Nixon visited China]] and signed the [[Three Communiqués]], and in September of the same year China and Japan established diplomatic relations;<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=郝保權 |date=2012-09-13 |title=從“一綱四目”到“一國兩制” |url=http://dangshi.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2012/0913/c85037-19000689.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://dangshi.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2012/0913/c85037-19000689.html |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-07-12 |website=人民網}}</ref> on January 1, 1979, the U.S. established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, while breaking diplomatic relations with the ROC,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国联合公报 (1972年)|date=1972-02-26|quote=美国方面声明：美国认识到，在台湾海峡两边的所有中国人都认为只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。英文版：The US side declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China.}}</ref> replacing the U.S.-China Mutual Defense Treaty with the [[Taiwan Relations Act]], and withdrawing troops from Taiwan. On January 1, 1979,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中华人民共和国政府和日本国政府联合声明|date=1972-09-29|quote=中华人民共和国政府重申：台湾是中华人民共和国领土不可分割的一部分。日本国政府充分理解和尊重中国政府的这一立场，并坚持遵循波茨坦公告第八条的立场。}}</ref> [[Xu Xiangqian]], [[Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China]],<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国关于建立外交关系的联合公报|date=1979-01-01|quote=美利坚合众国政府承认中国的立场，即只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。The Government of the United States of America acknowledges the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.}}</ref> issued the "Statement of the Ministry of National Defense on the Cessation of Artillery Fire on the Greater Kinmen Islands",<ref name=":9" /> which officially put an end to the 21-year Kinmen artillery war.
+
+=== De-escalating communication ===
+[[File:Mawei China Propaganda facing Matsu.jpg|thumb|The "Peaceful Reunification, One Country, Two Systems" banner on the coast of [[Fuzhou]]'s [[Mawei District|Mawei district]] looks out over the [[Matsu Islands]].]]
+On January 1, 1979, the [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]] issued the "Letter to Taiwan Compatriots", replacing the original "liberation of Taiwan" with "peaceful reunification and "[[one country, two systems]]",<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |author-mask=单玉丽 |date=2010-02-01 |title=福建在海峡两岸关系中扮演的角色 |url=http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg/publications/files/CWP79.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305020000/http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg/publications/files/CWP79.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-05 |access-date=2016-10-11 |publisher=东亚论文}}</ref> and moving from a hard-line to a more moderate attitude toward Taiwan.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |author-mask=邵宗海 |year=2004 |title=從兩岸關係的變遷探討兩岸關係的定位（下） |url=http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2004-1_3.pdf |journal=遠景基金會季刊 |pages=99-100 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2004-1_3.pdf |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref> In response, [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] proposed the [[Three Noes]] "no contact, no negotiation, no compromise" policy on April 4, and on May 29, the Taiwan Strait resumed navigation.<ref>{{Cite book |title=《臺灣歷史辭典》 |publisher=遠流出版 |year=2004 |isbn=9570174293 |publication-place=臺北 |author-mask=許雪姬}}</ref> On October 1, 1981, [[Ye Jianying]], Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, proposed nine policies for the peaceful reunification of Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-28 |title=新中国三十年第一程——记眉山轮首航台湾海峡 |url=http://www.coscogz.com.cn/gzyyxcw/ztzx_show.asp?Tid=1030&bid=24&mid=85&sid=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020646/http://www.coscogz.com.cn/gzyyxcw/ztzx_show.asp?Tid=1030&bid=24&mid=85&sid=0 |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-03-12 |publisher=中远航运宣传网}}</ref> stating that "after the country is reunified, Taiwan can be a special administrative region with a high degree of autonomy and can retain its military forces.<ref name=":10" /> The central government (meaning Beijing) will not interfere in Taiwan's local affairs."<ref name=":11" /> On July 24, 1982, [[Liao Chengzhi]], Minister of the [[United Front Work Department]] of the CPC Central Committee, sent a letter to President Chiang Ching-kuo, calling for peace talks between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait to "put away grudges when they meet";<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=廖承志 |date=1982-07-24 |title=廖承志致蒋经国先生信 |url=http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213310.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312022002/http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213310.htm |archive-date=2019-03-12 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=中央政府门户网站}}</ref> the ROC government did not respond, and in 1984,<ref>周美華、蕭李居編，《蔣經國書信集——與宋美齡往來函電》下，台北「國史館」出版，2009年，第278-284頁</ref> the mainland refrained from returning fire when it shelled Jiao-Yu Island, which was under PLA control.
+
+On November 2 of the same year, Taiwan opened up for people to visit their relatives on the mainland, and cross-strait private economic and trade activities heated up rapidly. in August 1988, the Mainland Working Committee of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China was established to coordinate cross-strait economic and trade exchanges. in June 1989, the Taiwan region officially opened up for indirect imports of goods from the mainland. On October 7, 1990, the then President of the Republic of China, [[Lee Teng-hui]], announced the establishment of the [[National Unification Council]], and on February 23, 1991, the [[Guidelines for National Unification]] were adopted, advocating the unification of China based on the principles of "democracy, freedom, and equal wealth". An [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|amendment to the Constitution]] divided the Republic of China into a "mainland area" and a "free area".<ref name=":9" /> The "Mainland Region" is defined in the [[Cross-Strait Act]] as "the territory of the Republic of China outside of Taiwan".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-17 |title=臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例 |url=http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Q0010001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103134025/http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Q0010001 |archive-date=2017-11-03 |access-date=2017-07-03 |website=全国法规资料库}}</ref>
+
+In 1991, the Taiwan [[Straits Exchange Foundation]] and the [[Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits]] became operational one after another, and talks were held in Hong Kong in 1992, but to no avail.<ref>{{Cite web |title=歷次會談總覽 |url=http://www.sef.org.tw/lp.asp?CtNode=4306&CtUnit=2541&BaseDSD=21&mp=19&nowPage=2&pagesize=30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004947/http://www.sef.org.tw/lp.asp?CtNode=4306&CtUnit=2541&BaseDSD=21&mp=19&nowPage=2&pagesize=30 |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=财团法人海峡交流基金会}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-06-05 |title=两岸对话与商谈一览表 |url=http://www.arats.com.cn/lhstgh/gaikuang/200806/t20080625_680839.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813072658/http://www.arats.com.cn/lhstgh/gaikuang/200806/t20080625_680839.htm |archive-date=2019-08-13 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=海峡两岸关系协会 |publisher=国台办}}</ref> In April 1993, the cross-strait [[Wang–Koo summit]] was held on the basis of the [[1992 Consensus]]. In January 1995, [[Jiang Zemin]], then the [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]], put forward eight propositions for developing cross-strait relations and advancing China's peaceful reunification process.<ref>{{Cite web |title=辜汪會晤 |url=http://www.sef.org.tw/ct.asp?xItem=376&ctNode=3809&mp=19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106100358/http://www.sef.org.tw/ct.asp?xItem=376&ctNode=3809&mp=19 |archive-date=2021-01-06 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=财团法人海峡交流基金会}}</ref> In response, President Lee Teng-hui put forward six proposals on April 8, known as Lee's six articles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1996-04-10 |title=江八點與李六條對照表 |url=http://newcongress.yam.org.tw/taiwan_sino/chiang-lee.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122001056/http://newcongress.yam.org.tw/taiwan_sino/chiang-lee.html |archive-date=2012-01-22 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=新國會政策研究中心}}</ref>
+
+=== Conscious Opposition ===
+{{Multiple image
+| total_width = 260
+| image1 = 連戰院長.jpg
+| alt1 = 400
+| caption1 = Chairman of the Kuomintang of China [[Lien Chan]]
+| image2 = Hu Jintao Cannes2011.jpg
+| alt2 = 400
+| caption2 = [[General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China]] [[Hu Jintao]]
+| align = left
+| header = National Communist Party breaks ice to exchange top leaders from both sides
+| width1 = 300
+| width2 = 350
+}}
+The [[Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident|''Min Ping Yu No. 5540'' incident]] in 1990 and the [[Qiandao Lake incident]] and the Xiaojinmen anti-aircraft artillery misfire on Xiamen in 1994 triggered discontent among people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=陈玲 |date=2008-10-23 |title=从“千岛湖事件”与“闽平渔事件”的比较看两岸对和平统一的诚意 |url=http://www.minge.gov.cn/txt/2008-10/23/content_2534849.htm |publisher=中国国民党革命委员会中央委员会}}</ref> in June 1995, then ROC President Lee Teng-hui visited Cornell University in his private capacity and proposed the national positioning of the [[Republic of China on Taiwan]], triggering the [[Third Taiwan Strait Crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=楊鎮全 |date=2003-12-21 |title=國家定位 李前總統︰ROC在台灣 |url=http://news.tvbs.com.tw/other/389500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108102029/http://news.tvbs.com.tw/other/389500 |archive-date=2017-01-08 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=TVBS}}</ref> In August 1996, the Chinese mainland opened the Fuzhou and Xiamen On September 14, 1996, President [[Lee Teng-hui]] of the Republic of China (R.O.C.) proposed the idea of "using patience and urgency" at the Taiwan Businessmen's Conference, restricting the Taiwanese [[business]] community's [[investment]] in mainland China.<ref name=":9" /> In 1997, Fujian established the "Cross-Strait (Fuzhou) Agricultural Cooperation Pilot Zone" and the "Cross-Strait (Zhangzhou) Agricultural Cooperation Pilot Zone", and in May 1999, the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] Plenum passed the "[[Resolution on Taiwan's Future]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=第三屆全國經營者大會演講全文 |url=http://www.president.gov.tw/1_roc_intro/xpresident/lee_idea02_850914.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920043915/http://www.president.gov.tw/1_roc_intro/xpresident/lee_idea02_850914.html |archive-date=2017-09-20 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref> In July of the same year, President Lee Teng-hui put forward the two-state theory,<ref>{{Cite web |title=民进党党纲 |url=http://www.dpp.org.tw/upload/history/20160728102222_link.pdf |website=民主进步党官方网站}}</ref> advocating that the relationship between Taiwan and mainland China was "state-to-state" or "at least a special state-to-state relationship".
+[[File:Flag of World Taiwanese Congress.svg|left|thumb|The [[Proposed flags of Taiwan|flag of the World Taiwan Congress]] is widely used in Taiwan independence activities to highlight [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwan's subjectivity]].]]
+In 2000, when the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] became the ruling party of the Republic of China (ROC) for the first time,<ref>{{Harvnb|邵宗海|2001|loc=五二○演說}}</ref> [[Chen Shui-bian]] proposed [[Four Noes and One Without]] at his inauguration ceremony,<ref>{{Cite book |title=為人民服務: 兩岸制度競爭的核心 |publisher=秀威出版 |year=2011 |isbn=9862217359 |editor-mask=劉文斌 |chapter=（二）台湾“去中国化”}}</ref> namely, "As long as the Chinese Communist Party has no intention to
+
+use force against Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite book |title=悦读MOOK（第三十七卷） |publisher=二十一世纪出版社 |year=2014 |isbn=753918826X |pages=179 |chapter=蒋介石在当今的台湾 |author-mask=陈其禄}}</ref> I promise that during my term of office, I will not declare independence, I will not change the national symbol,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-08-05 |title=2001年5月：“新五不”政策 |url=http://big5.huaxia.com/zt/2002-30/599491.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821161040/http://big5.huaxia.com/zt/2002-30/599491.html |archive-date=2018-08-21 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=華夏經緯網}}</ref> I will not promote the constitutionalization of the two-state theory, I will not promote a referendum on unification and independence that would change the status quo, and there is no question of abolishing the national platform and the National Unification Council.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHlfuipK5_0 兩岸關係 歷任元首詮釋不同]，民視新聞，2012-03-23</ref> In 2001, [[Matsu Islands]], [[Kinmen]], [[Mawei District]], and [[Xiamen]]
+
+were connected to each other by trade, air, and mail. On August 2, 2002, Chen proposed "[[One Country on Each Side|One]]
+[[File:1025遊行的陳水扁.jpg|thumb|[[One Country on Each Side|Former President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian holds the banner of "Taiwan, China, One Country" in a]] [[1025 rally to safeguard Taiwan|rally]] on Oct. 25, 2008.]]
+[[One Country on Each Side|Country on Each Side]]" through a video conference at the World Taiwan Clansmen's Association, saying that Taiwan and China are not the same countries. On February 22, 2004, Chen said that
+
+the mainland was aiming 496 missiles at Taiwan, with an additional one every six days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-02-23 |title=陈水扁称大陆496颗导弹对准台湾 每6天增加1颗 |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-02-23/09372935106.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821160512/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-02-23/09372935106.shtml |archive-date=2018-08-21 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=新浪网 |publisher=华夏经纬网}}</ref> As a result, Taiwan held the 228 Million Hands for Taiwan campaign to oppose the deployment of China's missile facilities against Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=李欣芳 |date=2004-02-26 |title=和平反飛彈 二二八全台「發聲」 |url=http://old.ltn.com.tw/2004/new/feb/26/today-fo1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420192628/http://old.ltn.com.tw/2004/new/feb/26/today-fo1.htm |archive-date=2016-04-20 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=自由新闻网}}</ref>
+
+In March 2005, President Chen Shui-bian told members of the [[European Parliament]] and the news media that he could not change the ROC's national name to the Republic of Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-03-01 |title=總統晚上透過視訊會議與歐洲議會議員及新聞媒體進行對話 |url=https://zh.wikiquote.org/zh/%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81#cite_note-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927165829/https://zh.wikiquote.org/zh/%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81#cite_note-1 |archive-date=2016-09-27 |access-date=2017-06-07 |website=中華民國總統府新聞稿}}</ref> On March 26, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the Taiwan Federation of Trade Unions (TUF) organized a march in protest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-03-26 |title=「326遊行」充分反映臺灣人民愛和平、反暴力之心聲 |url=http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=45416&ctNode=5652&mp=1&xq_xCat=2005 |website=中華民國行政院大陸委員會官网}}</ref> On August 2, 2005, Chen proposed a four-stage theory, namely "the ROC is on the mainland,<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=安华 |date=2013-11-13 |title=连战：05年破冰之旅由胡锦涛促成，不愿提及马习会 |url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/lien-chan-on-us-china-taiwan-relation-20131113/1789147.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020645/https://www.voachinese.com/a/lien-chan-on-us-china-taiwan-relation-20131113/1789147.html |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-07-24 |website=美国之音 |quote=连战因在促进两岸关系的改善方面做出的杰出贡献，获颁终身成就大奖。}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2005年5月12日 胡锦涛和宋楚瑜在北京举行正式会谈 |url=http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64165/79703/79790/5639243.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020646/http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64165/79703/79790/5639243.html |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-07-24 |website=中国共产党新闻 |quote=胡锦涛指出，台海紧张局势出现了某些缓和的迹象。}}</ref> the ROC is in Taiwan."<ref>{{Cite web |title=國家統一委員會設置要點(點選開啟法規查詢) |url=http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=62517&ctNode=5661&mp=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193145/http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=62517&ctNode=5661&mp=1 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref> Four days later, Chen proposed one principle, three insistencies and five objections as the guidelines for handling cross-strait affairs, and in 2006 Chen announced that the "National Unification Plan" would "cease to apply".<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=陳幼臻 |date=2003-06-13 |title=護照九月起加註Taiwan |url=http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20030613/106423/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731231928/http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20030613/106423/ |archive-date=2017-07-31 |access-date=2017-06-09 |website=苹果日报}}</ref> There is no left-right route in Taiwan, only the issue of unification and independence.<ref>{{Cite news |title=美中如何看待陳水扁「四要一沒有」 |work=中評社 |publication-date=2007-04-12 |url=http://hk.crntt.com/doc/1003/4/7/1/100347187.html?coluid=63&kindid=0&docid=100347187}}</ref> However, this did not cause a strong reaction from China and the U.S., and cross-strait economic and trade exchanges continued to develop. 974,000 passengers were carried on the "Little Three Links" in 2008.<ref name=":10" />
+
+=== Reciprocal Consultation ===
+[[File:2015 Ma–Xi Meeting 07.jpg|left|thumb|Cross-strait leaders meet in Singapore on November 7, 2015. [[Ma–Xi meeting]]]]
+On March 22, 2008, [[Ma Ying-jeou]] won the [[2008 Taiwanese presidential election]], and on May 20, the Chinese Kuomintang returned to power, advocating no unification, no independence, and no military force, that is, "during Ma's term of office, he pledged not to promote cross-strait unification, nor to declare Taiwan's independence, and no military war between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. In October and November of the same year, [[Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits]] (ARATS) Vice President [[Zhang Mingqing]] and President [[Chen Yunlin]], who had served as Director and Assistant Director of the Taiwan Affairs Office, visited Taiwan and were attacked and besieged by protesting people in Taiwan. On December 31 of the same year, Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, put forward the "Hu Six Points" at the 30th anniversary of the publication of the "Letter to Taiwan Compatriots". Cross-strait relations have continued to develop on the basis of the "1992 Consensus", and the SEF and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) have held eleven "leaders' meetings" and signed twenty-three agreements and two joint statements, including the Cross-Straits [[Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement]] (ECFA), the launch of regular cross-strait direct flights, and cross-strait cooperation in combating crime.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.kingstone.com.tw/book/book_page.asp?kmcode=2015730201342&lid=search&actid=wise |title=兩岸談判與協商—從白手套到官方接觸再到？ |publisher=唐山出版社 |year=2016-08-30 |isbn=9789863071273}}</ref> In 2013, the first time the [[Mainland Affairs Council]] was allowed to participate in [[APEC Indonesia 2013]] meetings was considered a major breakthrough in the progress of cross-strait relations.
+
+The Sunflower school movement in Taiwan in 2014 curbed the momentum of cross-strait economic integration.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=李允杰 |date=2016-02-15 |title=两岸新青年－陆方要倾听台湾民眾心声 |url=http://www.chinatimes.com/cn/newspapers/20160215000722-260301 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035620/http://www.chinatimes.com/cn/newspapers/20160215000722-260301 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-06-01 |website=中时电子报}}</ref> In June of the same year, DPP's Tainan Mayor [[Lai Ching-te|Lai Ching-teh]] said during a visit to mainland China that "the future of Taiwan is to be decided by the 23 million people together".<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=威克 |date=2014-06-11 |title=「台灣未來由台灣2300萬人民決定」 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/06/140611_china_taiwan_fanliqing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042217/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/06/140611_china_taiwan_fanliqing |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-07-24 |website=BBC中文网}}</ref> The Taiwan Affairs Office responded that "any issue involving China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must be decided by the entire Chinese people, including Taiwan compatriots," and stressed that its stance against Taiwan's independence would remain unchanged.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-26 |title=習近平晤台灣統派 重申一國兩制方針 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/09/140925_china_taiwan_relations_xi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201111538/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/09/140925_china_taiwan_relations_xi |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=BBC中文网}}</ref> In September, the [[Taiwan Affairs Office]] of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) invited more than 20 Taiwan unificationist groups to visit Beijing, and the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, [[Xi Jinping]], reiterated that "peaceful unification and one country, two systems" is the basic policy of the mainland in resolving the Taiwan issue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=江揆：中華民國是主權獨立國家，不接受一國兩制 |url=http://www.ey.gov.tw/News_Content2.aspx?n=F8BAEBE9491FC830&sms=99606AC2FCD53A3A&s=4CD73ED6CBB384CD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081603/https://www.ey.gov.tw/News_Content2.aspx?n=F8BAEBE9491FC830&sms=99606AC2FCD53A3A&s=4CD73ED6CBB384CD |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=新聞傳播處}}</ref> In response, Executive Yuan President [[Jiang Yi-huah]] said, "The Republic of China has never accepted the policy of one country, two systems, and our proposition is to maintain the status quo under the constitutional framework of the Republic of China.<ref>{{Cite news |title=「台車入閩」陸委會拒評方案 |work=東方日報 |publisher=中新社 |publication-date=2015-01-11 |url=http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20150111/00178_021.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=林楠森 |date=2015-09-23 |title=卡式台胞證上路在台引起抗議 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2015/09/150923_tw_china_card_protests |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202193236/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2015/09/150923_tw_china_card_protests |archive-date=2017-12-02 |access-date=2017-06-14 |website=BBC中文网}}</ref> For its part, mainland China continues to roll out new unification strategies.<ref group="Notes">The [[People's Republic of China]] is under [[one-party rule]] by the [[Communist Party of China]], with the [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China]] and [[Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China]] as the [[Supreme Leader|Supreme Leader of the People's Republic of China]]. The [[Republic of China]] currently has a [[semi-presidential system]] with [[direct election]], and the [[President of the Republic of China]] is the [[head of state]] and the commander-in-chief of the three armies, and is the supreme leader.</ref> On November 7, 2015, top cross-strait leaders Xi Jinping and Ma Ying-jeou met in [[Singapore]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=馬總統與大陸領導人習近平在新加坡會面，雙方將共同努力持續鞏固臺海和平及維護兩岸人民福祉 |url=http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=113310&ctNode=5649&mp=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014926/http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=113310&ctNode=5649&mp=1 |archive-date=2015-11-17 |access-date=2017-05-23}}</ref> the first meeting of top leaders from both sides of the Taiwan Strait in the 66 years since the political separation in 1949,<ref>{{Cite news |year=2015 |title=“习马会”第一句话说啥？双方打什么颜色领带？晚饭吃啥？ |publisher=央视新闻 |url=http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1393933}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chang |first=Shu-hua |title=President Ma to meet China's Xi in Singapore Saturday (update) |work=中央通讯社英文新闻网 |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/afav/201511040001.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-04 |title=20151104 焦點對談 兩岸史上最大突破! 馬習會周六登場 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBJDzncmnr8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324070723/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBJDzncmnr8 |archive-date=2016-03-24 |access-date=2017-05-23 |publisher=YouTube.com}}</ref> and the two sides exchanged views on advancing the peaceful development of [[Cross-Strait relations|cross-strait relations]].<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=邓鸿伟 |title=两岸领导人习近平、马英九将在新加坡会面 |url=http://www.gwytb.gov.cn/wyly/201511/t20151104_10965462.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729091957/http://www.gwytb.gov.cn/wyly/201511/t20151104_10965462.htm |archive-date=2017-07-29 |access-date=2017-05-23 |publisher=Gwytb.gov.cn}}</ref> DPP Chairman and presidential candidate [[Tsai Ing-wen]] criticized the meeting as "an attempt to use a political framework to limit the future choices of the people in cross-strait relations".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-09 |title=港报社评：＂习马会＂框限未来台湾新总统 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idCNL3S1340U120151109 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415041319/https://www.reuters.com/article/idCNL3S1340U120151109 |archive-date=2022-04-15 |access-date=2022-01-19}}</ref>
+
+=== Current Status of Taiwan Strait ===
+{{Main|Political status of Taiwan}}
+[[File:12.02 總統由國安會秘書長及外交部長李大維陪同，與美國總統當選人唐納川普（Donald J. Trump）通話 (30561066134).jpg|thumb|The December 2, 2016, Trump-Tsai call had been considered a diplomatic breakthrough for Taiwan<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=尼古拉·史密斯 |title=“川蔡”通话令台湾人欢欣鼓舞 |url=http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001070441 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023142339/http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001070441 |archive-date=2017-10-23 |access-date=2017-06-14 |website=FT中文网 |publisher=英国金融时报 (英国){{!}}金融时报}}</ref>]]
+Since her inauguration as president of the Republic of China on May 20, 2016, Tsai Ing-wen, a member of the [[Democratic Progressive Party]], has advocated maintaining the status quo and not recognizing the [[1992 Consensus]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-08 |title=蔡英文：大陆施压不会双赢 |url=ttp://www.zaobao.com.sg/wencui/politic/story20161008-675522 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805103957/http://www.zaobao.com.sg/wencui/politic/story20161008-675522 |archive-date=2017-08-05 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=联合早报}}</ref> and successfully made a phone call with U.S. President-elect Donald Trump in late 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-22 |title=大陸施壓信曝光：「中國台灣省」不應參與WHA |url=http://china.hket.com/article/1818441/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%96%BD%E5%A3%93%E4%BF%A1%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89%EF%BC%9A%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%8D%E6%87%89%E5%8F%83%E8%88%87WHA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522093933/http://china.hket.com/article/1818441/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%96%BD%E5%A3%93%E4%BF%A1%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89%EF%BC%9A%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%8D%E6%87%89%E5%8F%83%E8%88%87WHA |archive-date=2017-05-22 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=香港經濟日報}}</ref> The [[Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration]] has continuously pressured the [[Presidency of Tsai Ing-wen]] in the hope that Tsai would return to the 1992 Consensus.<ref>{{Cite news |title=2017台湾前瞻——两岸关系篇 |work=新华网 |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/tw/2017-01/03/c_129429999.htm |url-status=}}</ref> For her part, in an open letter to members of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) as party chairman on the occasion of the party's 30th anniversary,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-29 |title=蔡英文：力抗中国压力 发展其他关系 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/china/2016/09/160929_taiwan_china_tsai |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518113344/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/china/2016/09/160929_taiwan_china_tsai |archive-date=2017-05-18 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=BBC中文网}}</ref> Tsai said she would resist pressure from mainland China, develop relations with other countries, and get rid of her overdependence on China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-21 |title=綠智庫民調：八成民眾不滿中國打壓台灣參與WHA |url=http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20170421/1102476/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421194531/http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20170421/1102476/ |archive-date=2017-04-21}}</ref> Most Taiwanese people are dissatisfied with the suppression of mainland China in the international community, while on the other hand half of the public is dissatisfied with Tsai's performance in handling cross-strait relations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-27 |title=台民调：58%民众不满蔡英文处理两岸关系 |url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/tsai-cross-strait-20170626/3917082.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805101146/https://www.voachinese.com/a/tsai-cross-strait-20170626/3917082.html |archive-date=2017-08-05}}</ref>
+
+Xi Jinping, [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]], delivered the "Xi Five Articles" at the [[Great Hall of the People]] in [[Beijing]] during the "40th Anniversary Commemorative Meeting of the Letter to Taiwan Compatriots" on Jan. 2, 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |title=祖国必须统一，也必然统一——习近平总书记重要讲话为两岸关系发展定向领航 |work=中国日报网 |publication-date=2019-01-03 |url=http://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201901/03/WS5c2d4efba3106072a9033b22.html}}</ref> Focusing on the [[Political status of Taiwan]], Xi reiterated "the [[1992 Consensus]] that both sides of the Strait belong to the same China and work together for national reunification".<ref>{{Cite news |title=習近平新解「九二共識」 學者：給國民黨難堪 |work=自由時報 |publication-date=2019-01-02 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2659898}}</ref> In the afternoon of the same day, Tsai Ing-wen, [[President of the Republic of China]] held an impromptu press conference, saying that she "rejects the 1992 Consensus" and "resolutely opposes one country, two systems".<ref>{{Cite news |title=回應習五條 蔡英文：拒絕九二共識 不接受一國兩制 |work=中時電子報 |publication-date=2019-01-02 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20190102002768-260407?chdtv}}</ref> Since March 2019, the [[People's Liberation Army]] has continuously conducted drills in the Taiwan Strait.<ref>{{Cite news |title=国台办：依法终身追责“台独”顽固分子 |publication-date=2021-05-12 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-05/12/c_1127437557.htm}}</ref> On April 30, 2021, R.O.C. Foreign Ministry spokesman Ou Jiang'an said that China's actions had jeopardized the security and status quo in the Taiwan Strait, and on May 12, 2021, [[Taiwan Affairs Office]] spokesman [[Zhu Fenglian]] said that "Taiwan independence" stubborn elements who malign the mainland and incite cross-strait confrontation will be severely punished and held accountable for life under the law. .... On November 5 of the same year, the Taiwan Affairs Office named Taiwan's Foreign Minister [[Joseph Wu]], Legislative President You [[You Si-kun]] and Executive President [[Su Tseng-chang]] as "Taiwan independence stubborn elements. In response, Wu said it was an honor, while Yau felt honored and thanked him, and Su said he was not intimidated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-08 |title=国台办公布“台独”惩戒 国民两党齐反对 |url=https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%8B%AC%E6%83%A9%E6%88%92-%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%A4%E5%85%9A%E9%BD%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9/a-59740329 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109233153/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%8B%AC%E6%83%A9%E6%88%92-%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%A4%E5%85%9A%E9%BD%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9/a-59740329 |archive-date=2021-11-09 |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=德国之声}}</ref>
+
+On August 2, 2022, Speaker of the [[United States House of Representatives]] Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan and the PLA immediately conducted a series of [[2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan|military exercises around Taiwan]], firing several ballistic missiles.<ref>{{Cite web |author-link= |title=導彈飛越台灣上空、累計203架次共機侵擾 第4次台海危機恫嚇一次看 {{!}} ETtoday政治新聞 {{!}} ETtoday新聞雲 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20220808/2311627.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817234356/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20220808/2311627.htm |archive-date=2022-08-17 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=www.ettoday.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-08 |title=【台美日反制軍演】報復裴洛西訪台中國抓狂軍演 蔡政府聯手美日反制戰略曝光 |url=https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220808inv001/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821021138/https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220808inv001/ |archive-date=2022-08-21 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=鏡週刊 Mirror Media}}</ref> On August 10, 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-04 |title=共軍2小時射11枚飛彈！ 國防部：落在台灣3海域 |url=https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220804edi060/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814221859/https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220804edi060/ |archive-date=2022-08-14 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=鏡週刊 Mirror Media}}</ref> the [[Taiwan Affairs Office]] and the State Council Information Office jointly released the third White Paper on Taiwan, "[[The Taiwan Question and China's Reunification in the New Era]]" referring to the "One Country, Two Systems Taiwan Program" and the "Taiwan Special Administrative Region.<ref>{{Cite news |title=詳解第三份統一白皮書 北京發出「台灣特區」談判芻議原文網址: 詳解第三份統一白皮書 北京發出「台灣特區」談判芻議 |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F/802975/%E8%A9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%BD%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80-%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4%E8%8A%BB%E8%AD%B0 |access-date=2022-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814024152/https://www.hk01.com/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F/802975/%E8%A9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%BD%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80-%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4%E8%8A%BB%E8%AD%B0 |archive-date=2022-08-14}}</ref> On August 16, 2022, the Taiwan Affairs Office added [[Hsiao Bi-khim|Hsiao Bi-khimn]], Gu Li-hsiung, [[Tsai Chi-chang]], Ko Chien-ming, Lin Fei-fan, Chen Chiu-hwa, and Wang Dingyu to the list of recalcitrant Taiwan independence activists for sanctions.<ref>{{Cite news |title=中共中央台办发言人受权宣布对列入清单的一批“台独”顽固分子等人员实施制裁 |url=http://www.news.cn/politics/2022-08/16/c_1128918378.htm |access-date= |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref>
+
+On April 7, 2023, [[Zhu Fenglian]], spokesperson for the Taiwan Affairs Office, said that the Vision Foundation and the Asian League for Freedom and Democracy have been peddling Taiwan independence ideas internationally and creating incidents that violate the [[One China]] principle, such as "one China, one Taiwan" and "[[two Chinas]]". The mainland side decided to ban the heads of the Vision Foundation and the Asian League for Freedom and Democracy from entering the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions, and to ban relevant mainland organizations and individuals from cooperating with them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-07 |title=国台办宣布对宣扬“台独”的有关机构予以惩戒 |url=https://www.yicai.com/news/101723952.html}}</ref>
+
+== See also ==
+{{Div col|colwidth=20em|content=* [[Foreign relations of imperial China]]
+* [[Second United Front]]
+* [[Fujian–Taiwan relationship]]
+* [[Cross-Strait relations]]}}
+
+== Notes ==
+<references group="Notes" />
+
+== References ==
+
+=== Citation ===
+<references />
+
+=== Source ===
+
+==== Books ====
+{{refbegin|30em}}
+* {{Citation |author1=屠薇君 |title=海峡两岸关系史（第1卷）：開發·融合 |date=2004-12-01 |url=https://www.amazon.cn/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6/dp/B00QUHQR5Y |editor=张春英 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042256/https://www.amazon.cn/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6/dp/B00QUHQR5Y |publisher=福建人民出版社 |isbn=7211046767 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |accessdate=2017-05-29}}
+* {{Citation |author1=馬德茂 |title=海峡两岸关系史（第2卷）：變亂·回歸 |date=2004 |editor=张春英 |publisher=福建人民出版社 |isbn=9787211043491 |author2=鄭保國 |author3=張鵬程}}
+* {{Citation |author=张春英 |title=海峡两岸关系史（第3卷）：內爭·對峙 |date=2004-12-01 |publisher=福建人民出版社 |isbn=9789867359902}}
+* {{Citation |author=张春英 |title=海峡两岸关系史（第4卷）：缓和·统一 |date=2004-12-01 |publisher=福建人民出版社 |isbn=7211044578}}
+* {{Citation |author1=[[林滿紅]] |title=四百年來的兩岸分合: 一個經貿史的回顧 |date=1994 |url=http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041159/http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53 |location=臺北 |publisher=自立晚報社文化出版部 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |ISBN=9575962885 |accessdate=2017-06-07}}
+* {{Citation |author1=梁華璜 |title=臺灣總督府的「對岸」政策研究：日據時代台閩關係史 |date=2001 |location=台北 |publisher=稻鄉出版社 |isbn=9579628777}}
+* {{Citation |author1=邵宗海 |title=兩岸關係－陳水扁的大陸政策 |date=2001-11-01 |location=台北 |publisher=生智出版社 |isbn=9789578183292}}
+* {{Citation |author1=邵宗海 |title=蔡英文時代的兩岸關係（2016-2020） |date=2017-02-25 |location=台北 |publisher=五南出版社 |isbn=9789571190068}}
+{{refend}}
+
+== External Links ==
+
+* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHlfuipK5_0 Cross-Strait Relations Interpreted Differently by Past Heads of State - MinTV News]
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0 => '{{Shortdescription|}}',
1 => '{| class="wikitable" align="right"',
2 => '|+History of [[Cross-Strait relations|cross-strait relations]]',
3 => '! colspan="4" |{{Location map|China|width=280|float=center|border=none|caption=|relief=0|label=臺灣海峽|position=left|lat_deg=24|lat_min=40|lon_deg=119|lon_min=55}}',
4 => '! rowspan="5" |',
5 => '|-',
6 => '![[Mainland China|West]] [[Mainland China|Coast]] ',
7 => '[[Mainland China|of the]] [[Mainland China|Strait]]',
8 => '!Period',
9 => '!Major cross-strait ',
10 => 'events',
11 => '![[Geography of Taiwan|East Coast]] ',
12 => '[[Geography of Taiwan|of the Strait]]',
13 => '|-',
14 => '| rowspan="2" |[[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] ',
15 => '[[Yuan dynasty|dynasty]]',
16 => '|1281',
17 => '|Establishment of ',
18 => 'Penghu Inspection ',
19 => 'Division',
20 => '| rowspan="3" |Taiwan ',
21 => 'Prehistory',
22 => '|-',
23 => '|1349',
24 => '|A Brief History of ',
25 => 'the Island of Yi ',
26 => 'by Wang Dayuan',
27 => '|-',
28 => '| rowspan="3" |[[Ming dynasty|Ming]] ',
29 => '[[Ming dynasty|Dynasty]]',
30 => '|1603',
31 => '|[[Chen Di]]'s book ',
32 => 'Dongfanji',
33 => '|-',
34 => '|',
35 => '|1624',
36 => '|Battle of ',
37 => 'Penghu',
38 => '| rowspan="2" |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}}{{Flagicon|Spain|variant=1506}}Under',
39 => 'Dutch',
40 => 'and ',
41 => 'Spanish',
42 => 'Rule',
43 => '|-',
44 => '|',
45 => '|1633',
46 => '|[[Battle of Liaoluo Bay|Battle of]] ',
47 => '[[Battle of Liaoluo Bay|Liaoluo Bay]]',
48 => '|-',
49 => '|[[Southern Ming|Southern]] ',
50 => '[[Southern Ming|Ming]]',
51 => '|1661',
52 => '|[[Siege of Fort Zeelandia]]',
53 => '| rowspan="3" |[[File:Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg|23x23px]][[Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of]] ',
54 => '[[Kingdom of Tungning|Tungning]]',
55 => '| rowspan="25" |',
56 => '|-',
57 => '| rowspan="8" |{{Flagdeco|Qing Dynasty}}[[Qing dynasty|Qing]] ',
58 => '[[Qing dynasty|Dynasty]]',
59 => '|1667',
60 => '|Ding Wei floating ',
61 => 'man incident',
62 => '|-',
63 => '|1683',
64 => '|Penghu Sea Battle',
65 => '|-',
66 => '|1684',
67 => '|Establishment of Taiwan',
68 => '| rowspan="4" |{{Flagdeco|Qing Dynasty}}[[Qing dynasty|Qing]] ',
69 => '[[Qing dynasty|Dynasty]]',
70 => '|-',
71 => '|1731',
72 => '|[[Ta-Chia-hsi revolt]]',
73 => '|-',
74 => '|1840',
75 => '|[[First Opium War]]',
76 => '|-',
77 => '|1885',
78 => '|Taiwan is founded ',
79 => 'as a province',
80 => '|-',
81 => '|1895',
82 => '|[[Treaty of Shimonoseki]]',
83 => '| rowspan="4" |{{Flagicon|Japan|variant=1870}}[[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japan]]',
84 => '|-',
85 => '|1900',
86 => '|Xiamen Events',
87 => '|-',
88 => '| rowspan="4" |{{Flagicon|Republic of China (1912-1949)|variant=1912}}[[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|22x22px]][[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic]] ',
89 => '[[Republic of China (1912–1949)|of China]]',
90 => '|1911',
91 => '|[[1911 Revolution]]',
92 => '|-',
93 => '|1943',
94 => '|[[1943 Cairo Declaration]]',
95 => '|-',
96 => '|1945',
97 => '|[[Surrender of Japan]]Takeover of Taiwan ',
98 => 'and Penghu',
99 => '| rowspan="14" |[[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg|22x22px]][[Taiwan]]',
100 => '|-',
101 => '|1947',
102 => '|[[February 28 incident]]',
103 => '|-',
104 => '| rowspan="12" |{{Flagdeco|PRC}}[[China]]',
105 => '|1949',
106 => '|[[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|Relocation of the]] ',
107 => '[[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|National Government]]',
108 => '|-',
109 => '|1978',
110 => '|[[Chinese economic reform]]',
111 => '|-',
112 => '|1979',
113 => '|[[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis|Second Taiwan Strait]] ',
114 => '[[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis|Crisis]]',
115 => '|-',
116 => '|1987',
117 => '|Open cross-strait ',
118 => 'family visits',
119 => '|-',
120 => '|1993',
121 => '|[[Wang–Koo summit]]',
122 => '|-',
123 => '|1996',
124 => '|[[Third Taiwan Strait Crisis]]',
125 => '|-',
126 => '|2001',
127 => '|Cross-strait ',
128 => 'implementation',
129 => 'of the Little Three Way',
130 => '|-',
131 => '|2010',
132 => '|Cross-strait signing of ',
133 => '[[Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement|ECFA]]',
134 => '|-',
135 => '|2014',
136 => '|Disputes over the Trade',
137 => 'and Services Census',
138 => '',
139 => 'The Sunflower Movement',
140 => '|-',
141 => '|2015',
142 => '|[[Ma–Xi meeting]]',
143 => '|-',
144 => '|2022',
145 => '|[[2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan|2022 Chinese military]] ',
146 => '[[2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan|exercises around Taiwan]]',
147 => '|-',
148 => '|Present',
149 => '|[[Political status of Taiwan]]',
150 => '|}',
151 => 'The History of [[Cross-Strait relations|Cross-Strait Relations]] introduces the historical changes in the relationship between China and Taiwan since the beginning of time. Suspected records of [[Geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]] in the [[history of China]] date back to the earliest times when [[Yizhou (island)]] was mentioned in the "[[Records of the Three Kingdoms|Three Kingdoms]]" or [[Liuqiu (medieval)|Liuqiu]] in the "''[[Book of Sui]]''".<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[林滿紅]] |date=1994 |title=四百年來的兩岸分合: 一個經貿史的回顧 |url=http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041159/http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-06-07 |website=国立中央大学 |publisher=自立晚報社文化出版部 |place=臺北 |isbn=9575962885}}</ref> During the [[Song dynasty]] and Yuan dynasties, there was trade between the two sides of the Strait, and in 1281, [[Kublai Khan]] established the [[Penghu]] Inspection Division, which began to exercise administrative jurisdiction over Penghu, and in 1349, Wang Dayuan documented in Island Yi Zhi Lu that Penghu belonged to Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, and that [[Liuqiu (medieval)|Liuqiu]] was one of the overseas countries.<ref name=":0">{{Cite wikisource|title=島夷志略|author=汪大淵|quote=Penghu, the land belongs to Quanzhou Jinjiang County. To the Yuan period to establish the inspection division. Ryukyu, its standoff mountain is very high, from the Peng Lake look very close. Overseas countries from the beginning.}}</ref>The "Dongfan Ji" written by [[Chen Di]] in the Ming Dynasty depicts the customs of the aborigines in southwest Taiwan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=周婉窈 |first= |date= |title=陳第〈東番記〉—十七世紀初臺灣西南地區的實地調查報告 |journal=故宮文物月刊 |volume=241 |pages=22-45}}</ref> Since the 1620s, cross-strait relations have been influenced by the Dutch, the [[Spaniards|Spanish]], the [[Han Chinese]], the [[Manchu people|Manchus]], and the [[Japanese people|Japanese]], and mainland China and Taiwan have either unified or separated, with ups and downs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-16 |title=台湾与中国大陆：两岸关系的跌宕历史 |url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-56760009 |access-date=2023-02-23 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>',
152 => '',
153 => 'In 1945, the [[World War II|World War ll]] ended and the Republic of China took over Taiwan. Cross-strait relations developed in a tortuous manner in response to changes in the domestic and international situation. In the second [[Chinese Communist Revolution]], the Nationalist Army led by the [[Kuomintang]] was defeated by the Liberation Army led by the Chinese Communists. In 1949, the [[China|People's Republic of China]] was established and gradually took control of the entire Chinese mainland. [[Taiwan|The Republic of China]], on the other hand, [[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|retreated]] to [[Free area of the Republic of China|Taiwan]], Penghu, Jinma, and other islands. The [[Chinese Communist Party]] tried to liberate Taiwan, and the [[Kuomintang]] prepared to counter-attack the mainland. A military confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait began and many armed clashes took place.',
154 => '',
155 => 'After the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758|People's Republic of China]] replaced the Republic of China (ROC) as a [[Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council|permanent member of the United Nations Security Council]] in 1971, the [[foreign relations of Taiwan]] were limited. On January 1, 1979, the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations with the United States and at the same time announced the end of the shelling of Kinmen and proposed a policy of peaceful reunification and one country, two systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=徐向前 |date=2006-02-28 |title=国防部关于停止对大金门等岛屿炮击的声明（1979年1月） |url=http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213299.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818093841/http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213299.htm |archive-date=2017-08-18 |access-date=2017-05-31 |website=中国政府网 |publisher=中国台湾网}}</ref> In 1987, after the Republic of China lifted the curfew and opened up cross-strait family visits, cross-strait relations became smoother. But in 1995, when President Lee Teng-hui visited the United States, [[Third Taiwan Strait Crisis|cross-strait relations became tense again]]. After entering the 21st century, the economic relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait became quite close, and, in 2018, when the KMT returned to power in Taiwan, cross-strait relations eased.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-29 |title=夏立言与台商座谈说明习马会是两岸史上最大突破 |url=http://www.shangbaoindonesia.com/dynamic-cina-komunitas/%E5%A4%8F%E7%AB%8B%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%B0%E5%95%86%E5%BA%A7%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A0%E9%A9%AC%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216121534/http://www.shangbaoindonesia.com/dynamic-cina-komunitas/%E5%A4%8F%E7%AB%8B%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%B0%E5%95%86%E5%BA%A7%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A0%E9%A9%AC%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4.html |archive-date=2016-02-16 |access-date=2017-05-29 |publisher=印度尼西亞商報 Shangbao Indonesia}}</ref> [[Ma–Xi meeting|The meeting of the top leaders]] across the Taiwan Strait in Singapore in 2015 was seen as a major breakthrough in the history of cross-strait relations. And since the return of the Democratic Progressive Party to power in 2016, cross-strait relations have become tense again.<ref>Report of the 277th Meeting of the Mainland Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan.2016-10-31</ref>',
156 => '',
157 => '== Historical Stages ==',
158 => 'There is no universally accepted standard regarding the beginning of cross-strait relations or historical chronology. In his book "History of Cross-Strait Relations," Professor Zhang Chunying, Deputy Director of the Institute of Taiwan Studies at [[Zhongnan University of Economics and Law|Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,]] divides the history of cross-strait relations into four periods: the first stage is from the prehistoric period to the Dutch occupation of Taiwan in the 1620s; the second stage is the period from the [[Dutch Formosa|Dutch]], Ming Zheng, [[Taiwan under Qing rule|Qing]] and Japanese rule of Taiwan to the [[History of Taiwan (1945–present)|takeover of Taiwan]] by the Republic of China in 1945; the third stage is the cross-strait military confrontation formed after the withdrawal of the central government of the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] from [[mainland China]] in 1949; the fourth stage is the end of the military confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait since the 1980s and the de-escalation and development of relations.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=王功安 |date=2005-06-09 |title=《海峡两岸关系史》具有标志性意义的著作 |url=http://theory.people.com.cn/GB/40538/3455700.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020932/http://theory.people.com.cn/GB/40538/3455700.html |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-05-28 |website=人民网}}</ref> Professor Shao Zonghai of the Institute of Zhongshan and Mainland China Studies at the [[Chinese Culture University]] divides the history of cross-strait relations after 1949 into five periods: military confrontation, legal disputes, exchange and détente, ideological confrontation, and reciprocal consultation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=邵宗海 |first= |title=從兩岸關係的變遷探討兩岸關係的定位(上) |url=http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2003-4_1.pdf |journal=遠景基金會季刊 |volume=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062107/http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2003-4_1.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-14 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |author-mask=邵宗海 |title=兩岸關係史 |url=http://www.wun-ching.com.tw/img/Books_files/ST003e3-9789862369203-trial.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020646/http://www.wun-ching.com.tw/img/Books_files/ST003e3-9789862369203-trial.pdf |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-05-28 |website=新文京開發出版股份有限公司}}</ref>',
159 => '',
160 => '== Ancient Times ==',
161 => '',
162 => '=== Period of the Three Kingdoms (suspected) ===',
163 => '[[File:三国行政区划(繁).png|left|thumb|Some scholars believe that [[Yizhou (island)|Yizhou]] in the [[Three Kingdoms]] was Taiwan, but the view is controversial]]',
164 => '[[File:南宋疆域图（繁）.png|thumb|Southern Song Dynasty with Penghu and Liuqiu]]',
165 => 'The Chinese history book, "[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]] - Wu Zhi" records that in the first month of spring in the second year of Huanglong (230), [[Eastern Wu]] sent generals Wei Wen and Zhu Ge Zhi with 10,000 soldiers to cross the sea from Zhang'an in Linhai County in search of [[Yizhou (island)|Yizhou]],<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=叶哲明 |date=1982 |title=东吴的海外拓展和卫温、诸葛直从章安出使台湾考略 |journal=中国古代史 |pages=23}}</ref> and thousands of them landed on Yizhou and returned.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=三國志|author=陳壽|date=|authorlink=|chapter=卷47|location=吳書孫權傳|quote=遣將軍衛溫、諸葛直將甲士萬人浮海求夷洲及亶洲。亶洲所在絕遠，卒不可得至，但得夷洲數千人還。}}</ref> In addition, the book "Linhai Water and Land" written by Shen Ying, the governor of Danyang in [[Eastern Wu]], records that Yizhou is 2,000 miles southeast of Linhai County, where "the land is free of frost and snow,<ref group="Notes">Whether the original text is "Yizhou" or "Yi Zhou" is uncertain.</ref> and the grass and trees do not die; on all sides are mountains, where many mountain barbarians live."<ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣文化誌 |publisher=[[伊能嘉矩]] |year=1985 |pages=25-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣史事概說 |publisher= |year=1954 |author-mask=郭廷以}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣地方史 |publisher=中國社會科學出版社 |year=1982 |location=北京 |language=zh |author-mask=陳碧笙}}</ref> Some scholars believe that Yizhou refers to Taiwan, but there is controversy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=馮鉞 |date=2013-08-08 |title=夷洲問題再辨析 |url=http://www.strongwindpress.com/pdfs/HKFax/No_HK2013-41.pdf |journal=参阅文稿 |volume=41 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928040216/http://www.strongwindpress.com/pdfs/HKFax/No_HK2013-41.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=[台灣人四百年史 |publisher=[[史明]] |year=2014-07-01 |isbn=9789574316441}}</ref>',
166 => '',
167 => '=== Sui and Tang dynasties (suspected) ===',
168 => 'According to the [[Book of Sui]], [[Liuqiu (medieval)|Liuqiu]] was located on a sea island, east of Jian'an County, and could be reached by boat in five days.<ref group="Notes">Jian'an County is located in present-day Fujian Province, and has four counties under its jurisdiction: Min (present-day Fuzhou City, Fujian Province), Jian'an, Nan'an, and [[Longxi County|Longxi]]. <nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{cite wikisource|title=Sui Shu|chapter=vol. 31|location=Zhi XXVI}}</ref</ref> There is also a record of [[Emperor Yang of Sui]] sending troops to attack Liuqiu, three times in total. The first time was in 607, but because of the [[language]] barrier, only one person was "swept away and returned".<ref>{{Cite book |last=魏徵等 |title=《隋书{{!}}隋書》 |publisher=臺灣商務印書館 |year=2010 |isbn=9789570524994 |edition=2010 Reprinted |location=Taipei City |access-date=}}</ref> The following year, Zhu Kuan made a second attack, but they only "took his armor and returned".<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=隋書|chapter=卷81|location=流求國}}</ref> The third time was in 610, when Chen Rong and Zhang Zhenzhou led an army and captured thousands of men and women, and returned. Some scholars believe that the Riuqui Kingdom recorded in the Sui Shu is today's Taiwan, but others believe that the Riuqui Kingdom refers to the [[Ryukyu Islands]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/zhongguorenshiga0000boya |title=《中國人史綱》 |publisher=同心出版 |year=2005 |isbn=7-80716-121-3 |author-mask=柏楊 |access-date=2011-06-06}}</ref>',
169 => '',
170 => '=== Song and Yuan dynasties ===',
171 => 'In 1171, Wang Dayou was the governor of Quanzhou, an area under the jurisdiction of [[Emperor Xiaozong of Song|Emperor Xiaozong]], who had an island called Penghu, where many Han Chinese lived.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=諸蕃志|author=|date=1225|authorlink=趙汝適|chapter=卷上|location=毗舍耶|quote=泉有海島曰彭湖，隸晉江縣。}}</ref> In order to prevent harassment, every year when the south wind rose, Wang Dayou sent troops to defend,<ref>{{Cite web |title=台湾历史 |url=http://gothenburg.chineseconsulate.org/chn/ztlm/twwt/ljtw/t224586.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605080454/http://gothenburg.chineseconsulate.org/chn/ztlm/twwt/ljtw/t224586.htm |archive-date=2017-06-05 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=中华人民共和国驻哥德堡总领事馆}}</ref> costing the army money, but it was still too much to handle.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=宋史|chapter=卷400|location=汪大猷|quote=起知泉州。毗舍邪嚐掠海濱居民，歲遣戍防之，勞費不貲。大猷作屋二百區，遣將留屯。}}</ref> So he built 200 houses and dispatched generals to reside in them.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=福建省地方志编纂委员会 |date=2015-10-24 |title=台湾的汪姓 |url=http://www.fjsq.gov.cn/fjSituationDetailPage.aspx?key=2437187feffc4328bd4bc7b5b891cf55 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811152304/http://www.fjsq.gov.cn/fjSituationDetailPage.aspx?key=2437187feffc4328bd4bc7b5b891cf55 |archive-date=2017-08-11 |access-date=2017-06-01 |website=福建省情资料库}}</ref> There are few records about the cross-strait trade during the Song and Yuan dynasties, but from the large number of ceramics excavated during the Song and Yuan dynasties,<ref>{{Harvnb|林滿紅|1994|loc=摘要}}</ref> Penghu should have been an important stopover for the foreign trade of mainland China at that time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=四、漢人到來 |url=http://teacher.whsh.tc.edu.tw/huanyin/tw_teaching_2d.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821160456/http://teacher.whsh.tc.edu.tw/huanyin/tw_teaching_2d.htm |archive-date=2018-08-21 |access-date=2017-06-08 |publisher=台灣歷史圖說}}</ref> According to the records, during the Song and Yuan dynasties, iron was a high-priced commodity in Taiwan, and the aborigines in Taiwan often had to wait for merchant ships from mainland China to dock and exchange food for iron from the people on board.<ref>{{Cite book |title=福建古代经济史 |publisher=福建教育出版社 |year=1995 |page=335 |quote=Song and Yuan dynasties, Taiwan's indigenous due to lack of iron and expensive iron, mainland ships to that will compete for food for easy nail iron. |author-mask=唐文基 |access-date=}}</ref> In his "Journal of the East of the Sea", Zhu Jingying of the Qing Dynasty said that he had received hundreds of Song money at the Chiayi port.',
172 => '',
173 => 'In 1281, [[Kublai Khan]] sent an envoy to [[Mongol invasions of Japan|invade Japan]], and most of his ships were sunk by a typhoon, and the remnants drifted to the west coast of Taiwan and Penghu.<ref name=":2">{{cite wikisource|title=臺灣通史|author=|date=1918|authorlink=連橫 (歷史學家)|chapter=卷1|location=開闢紀|quote=}}</ref> In 1292, Yuan Shizu sent an ambassador to appease Liuqiu,<ref>{{Cite book |title=重修台灣省通志 |publisher=台灣省文獻委員會 |year=1994 |location=臺北}}</ref> but after arriving, he could not speak the language with the locals and returned without success.<ref name=":1">{{cite wikisource|title=元史|chapter=卷210|location=琉求|quote=彭湖诸岛与琉求相对。}}</ref> In the third year of [[Temür Khan]]'s reign (1297), Fujian Province's Pingshang Minister of State was pleased to send provincial governor Zhang Hao and Fuzhou's new army Zhang Jin to the Ryukyu Kingdom,<ref name=":1" /> capturing more than 130 people and returning.<ref>{{Harvnb|屠薇君|2004|loc=第二章 中國歷代王朝對台灣的開發}}</ref> In the first month of the next year, the captured Ryukyu people were released and asked to submit to the Yuan Dynasty, but nothing happened after that. In 1330 and 1337, Wang Dayuan left from Quanzhou twice to trade with other countries. He recorded in the "Island Yi Zhi Lu" that Penghu belonged to Jinjiang County of [[Quanzhou]], and Ryukyu was one of the overseas countries.<ref name=":0" />',
174 => '',
175 => '=== Pre-Ming Dynasty ===',
176 => 'In 1384, the Ming dynasty abolished the Penghu inspection division, and in 1563 the Penghu inspection division was reinstated to send troops to guard.<ref>{{Cite book |title=東番記 |year= |quote=The beginning of Yongle, Zheng Neiwu sailing advice to the barbarians, the East alone, do not listen to the agreement, so the family of a brass bell, so that the neck, cover the dog. To this day, it is still passed down as a treasure. |author-mask=陳第}}</ref> It is recorded in the "Dongfanji" that Zheng He visited Taiwan during his expedition in the early years of [[Yongle]], when the Dongfangyi (aborigines of Taiwan) hid and did not want to obey the restrictions, so Zheng He gave each family a brass bell to tie around their necks.<ref>{{Cite book |title=台湾府志 |chapter=卷一沿革 |quote=大井。明宣德间太监王三保到此，曾在此井取水，即今西定坊大井也。 |author-mask=蒋毓英}}</ref> The bronze bell was treated as a [[Ming treasure voyages|treasure]] by them. During the [[Xuande]] period, Zheng He's fleet went to Taiwan to draw water at the head of Dajingfang, and he also threw medicine into the water to heal the sicknesses of the local indigenous people.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=邱清华 |title=郑和下西洋与台湾 |url=http://qk.laicar.com/Home/Content/663095 |journal=东方收藏 |pages=2011012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313003758/http://qk.laicar.com/Home/Content/663095 |archive-date=2020-03-13 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref> In the 42nd year of [[Jiajing]] (1563), Lin Daoqian, a pirate of [[Quanzhou]] origin, gathered against the Ming Dynasty and was pursued by [[Yu Dayou]], the Ming Governor, and fled to Taiwan to settle in Jigong via Penghu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=海盜林道乾遭明都督俞大猷追擊，逃來臺灣，匿跡打鼓山。 |url=http://ikm.nmtl.gov.tw/index.php?option=com_klg&task=ddetail&id=1&Itemid=238 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004947/http://ikm.nmtl.gov.tw/index.php?option=com_klg&task=ddetail&id=1&Itemid=238 |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-05-31 |website=台湾文学知识平台 |publisher=國立台灣文學館}}</ref> He led hundreds of followers and enslaved the aborigines in Taiwan.<ref name=":2" /> The Aborigines were so angry that they agreed to kill [[Lin Daoqian]], but the news leaked out and they were killed by Lin Daoqian in a night attack. After Lin Daoqian, [[Limahong]], the leader of the [[Chaozhou]] pirates, was chased by Hu Shouren, the [[Ming dynasty|Ming Dynasty]]'s chief soldier, in 1574 and fled to Penghu, and then to Taiwan's Sprite Harbor (Bajang Xi Kou) as his base.<ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣史小事典 |publisher=遠流出版 |year=2000 |isbn=9573241617 |pages=13 |author-mask=遠流台灣館}}</ref> When Hu Shouren sent an order to the pirates to attack, Lin Feng and the others fled.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-09-15 |title=台湾——明代中国的海防要地 |url=http://www.chinanews.com/2000-09-15/26/46586.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812153802/http://www.chinanews.com/2000-09-15/26/46586.html |archive-date=2019-08-12 |access-date=2017-06-06 |website=中国新闻网}}</ref>',
177 => '',
178 => '== Modern times ==',
179 => '',
180 => '=== Japanese invasion and Ming Dynasty defense ===',
181 => '[[File:顏思齊開拓臺灣登陸紀念碑.JPG|thumb|The monument to the landing of Yan Siqi in [[Beigang, Yunlin|Beigang]]]]',
182 => 'According to Shen Yourong, a Ming coast guard general, who wrote in the "Minhai Gift", he had "entered Dongfan three times to destroy the Japanese and drive away the Dutch".<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=百家讲坛 |date=2010-04-27 |title=明万历年间大将沈有容：被遗忘的收复台湾第一人 |url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhongguogudaishi/detail_2010_04/27/1461156_0.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812082604/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhongguogudaishi/detail_2010_04/27/1461156_0.shtml |archive-date=2019-08-12 |access-date=2017-06-06 |website=凤凰网}}</ref> In July of 1602, the [[Wokou]] plundered the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang, and then fled to Dongfan as their lair.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-24 |title=历史上的收复台湾:1602年沈有容挥师入台灭倭寇 |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098351.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098351.shtml |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-06-05 |website=新浪网 |publisher=中国台湾网}}</ref> On the one hand, Fujian Quanzhou defender Shen Youyong Duji sent people to scout the enemy, understand the climate, wind direction and sea current, build ships, train troops and store food. In the winter of the same year, Zhu Yunchang, the governor of Fujian, issued a secret order to "fight against the Japanese in the East" and Shen Youyong led 24 ships across the sea to Taiwan and defeated the Japanese. He burned and sank 6 Japanese ships, beheaded 15 heads and took back more than 370 captives. Shen Youyong was stationed in Da Ren for more than 20 days, and [[Chen Di]], who was accompanying him, wrote the article "Dongfan Ji" based on the customs of [[Taiwanese indigenous peoples]].<ref name=":3" />',
183 => '',
184 => '=== Dutch, Western and Han Chinese in Taiwan ===',
185 => '[[File:Dutch and Spanish Taiwan zh-hans.svg|left|thumb|Mainland China on the west coast of the strait was the Ming Dynasty, and the island of Taiwan on the east coast of the strait was ruled by Dutch, Spanish and aboriginal regimes]]',
186 => 'In 1604, when the Dutchman Wei Malang occupied [[Penghu]], Shen Youyong, the Ming Dynasty's chief minister of Wuzhou, led 50 ships (about 2,000 men) to Penghu and asked Wei Malang to leave. Due to the disparity in strength between the two sides, Wei Malang left Penghu on December 15 and went to Taiwan to find a stronghold.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-07-19 |title=全台第一碑沈有容諭退紅毛番韋麻郎等 |url=http://www.phsea.com.tw/travel/index.php/全台第一碑沈有容諭退紅毛番韋麻郎等 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074351/http://www.phsea.com.tw/travel/index.php/%E5%85%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%A2%91%E6%B2%88%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B9%E8%AB%AD%E9%80%80%E7%B4%85%E6%AF%9B%E7%95%AA%E9%9F%8B%E9%BA%BB%E9%83%8E%E7%AD%89 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=澎湖资讯网 |publisher=澎湖時報}}</ref> This incident is recorded on the monument of Shen Youyong's advice to the retreat of the Red Maoists in the [[Penghu Tianhou Temple]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Wills |first=John E., Jr. |title=Taiwan: A New History |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7656-1495-7 |editor-last=Rubinstein |editor-first=Murray A. |pages=84–106 |chapter=The Seventeenth-century Transformation: Taiwan under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime}}</ref> In 1622, [[Jan Pieterszoon Coen]], the governor of the [[Dutch East India Company]] in [[Indonesia]], sent Lei Yosheng to Penghu and established [[Fengguiwei Fort]] as a trading base.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=周婉窈 |title=〈明清文獻中「臺灣非明版圖」例證〉 |url=http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~wanyaochou/paper/4-2.pdf |format=pdf |journal=《鄭欽仁教授榮退紀念論文集》 |publisher=稻鄉出版 |publication-place=臺北市 |pages=267-293 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017094119/http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~wanyaochou/paper/4-2.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2017-05-28}}</ref> In 1624, Ming General [[Yu Dayou]] led an army to surround the Dutch and after eight months of fierce battle, the Dutch evacuated Penghu and moved to Taiwan to set up [[Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)|Fort Zeelandia]] as a base.<ref name=":4" /> The Dutch East India Company recruited Han Chinese from the coast of Fujian Province of China and Penghu to cultivate in Taiwan, and many of them later settled in Taiwan. The genealogy of the Yan clan in [[Anhai]] and the genealogy of the Guo clan in Fenyang, and Dongshi both contain records of the migration of families into Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=彭文宇：历史上闽台家庭与家族交往 |url=http://www.huaxia.com/zt/2001-19/32797.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818051404/http://www.huaxia.com/zt/2001-19/32797.html |archive-date=2019-08-18 |access-date=2016-10-20 |website=华夏经纬}}</ref>',
187 => '',
188 => 'According to legend, in 1621, [[Pedro Yan Shiqi]], a [[Zhangzhou]] citizen, came to Taiwan from Nagasaki, Japan, and set up a fortress in the area of Zhu Luo Mountain, engaging in farming, hunting, and trading activities. When the news spread back to the mainland, it attracted a large number of poor people from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou to come across the sea and join them, numbering as many as 3,000 people. In 1625 Yan Shiqi died of illness, and [[Zheng Zhilong]] ([[Koxinga]]'s father) succeeded him.<ref group="Notes">In the 13th year of Chongzhen (1640), the Ming court promoted Zheng Zhilong to be the chief military officer of Fujian, and he was appointed as the Dudou Tongji (from the first rank).</ref> In 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen) in September, Zheng Zhilong was recruited by the Ming court and returned to the mainland with more than 30,000 men and more than 1,000 ships as the "Five Tiger Guerrilla General" and was stationed in [[Anhai]]. During the Fujian disaster, Zheng Zhilong sent tens of thousands of starving people to Taiwan to earn a living, and the related expenses were then returned to Zheng Zhilong in the form of rent and taxes. In addition, Zheng Zhilong broke the [[Haijin]] and almost monopolized the trade between the coast of mainland China and Taiwan, Macau, Japan, and the Philippines.<ref>{{Harvnb|屠薇君|2004|loc=Chapter 3: 明朝前期海峽兩岸關係的曲折發展}}</ref>',
189 => '',
190 => 'In 1626, the Spaniard Vardes led a fleet of ships from [[Manila]], Philippines, along the east coast of Taiwan to Keelung Island in [[Keelung|Keelung City]] to establish the city of San Salvador as the center of rule.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.tiprc.org.tw/blog_wp/?p=9403 |title=西班牙人在臺灣（1626-1642） |collaboration=李毓中等译 |publisher=國史館台灣文獻館 |isbn=986007769X |location=南投市 |pages=36 |author-mask=荷西．馬利亞．阿瓦列斯 |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://www.tiprc.org.tw/blog_wp/?p=9403 |archive-date=2019-03-05}}</ref> Although the Spaniards were not allowed to start official trade with the [[Ming dynasty|Ming Dynasty]], they attracted smugglers to do business in Jilong by exempting them from customs duties, [[tariff]], and even entry inspection.<ref>{{Cite book |title=福爾摩沙如何變成臺灣府? |publisher=遠流 |year=2007-03-07 |isbn=9789573259404 |pages=172 |author-mask=歐陽泰}}</ref>',
191 => '',
192 => 'In 1633 (the sixth year of Chongzhen), the [[Dutch East India Company]] used Taiwan as a base to blockade and plunder the coast of Fujian on the mainland.<ref>Translated by Cheng Shaogang, The Dutch in Formosa, UNBEC, 2000</ref> The Ming navy under the leadership of [[Zheng Zhilong]] defeated the Dutch East India Company and the pirate alliance, which is known as the [[Battle of Liaoluo Bay]].<ref>{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|p=139}}</ref>The Han Chinese in Taiwan also rebelled against Dutch rule, the better known being the [[Guo Huaiyi rebellion]] in 1652.<ref>[[:zh:黃昭堂|黃昭堂]] An Exploration of Taiwanese Consciousness before the Second World War," Essays on the Fall of Taiwan, Taipei: Modern Academic Research Foundation, p. 82</ref> At that time, 4,000 to 5,000 Han Chinese participated, about a quarter of the total number of Han Chinese in Taiwan, and were suppressed after 12 days, with 3,000 to 4,000 Han Chinese dead.<ref>Johannes Huber, translated by Lin Weisheng, "Chinese Immigrants Against the East India Company: The Guo Huaiyi Incident of 1652", Taiwan Literature, vol. 53, no. 3, p. 119</ref>',
193 => '',
194 => 'The territory of Taiwan is described in the "[[History of Ming]] Dynasty" by [[Zhang Tingyu]] of the Qing Dynasty as "its land, from the north to the highest peak in the south, can be more than 1,000 miles; in the east from Doroman, in the west to Wangcheng, can be more than 900 miles".<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=明史|author=|authorlink=張廷玉|wslanguage=zh|chapter=卷323|location=列傳第二百一十一 外國四|quote=}}</ref> It is worth noting that Jigong, together with Ryukyu, [[Luzon]], and [[Brunei]], was included in the chapter of "The Fourth of the Two Hundred and Eleven Foreign Countries", which was not included in the Ming Dynasty's territory.<ref>{{Cite book |title=海洋與殖民地臺灣論集 |publisher=聯經出版事業公司 |year=2012-03-23 |isbn=9570839554 |pages=151-152 |author-mask=周婉窈}}</ref>',
195 => '',
196 => '=== Zheng Chenggong fights back against the Dutch ===',
197 => '{{See also|Southern Ming|Kingdom of Tungning}}',
198 => '[[File:Chikan Tower - Dutch surrender statue.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Dutch people]] surrendering to [[Koxinga]]]]',
199 => 'In 1644, the [[Ming dynasty|Ming Dynasty]] fell, and the Ming clans of [[Zhu Yousong]], [[Zhu Yihai]], and [[Zhu Yujian]] established the [[Southern Ming]] regime. Among them, [[Zhu Yujian]] of Tang was crowned emperor by the brothers Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Hongkui in 1645 in [[Fuzhou]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=臺灣史 |collaboration=吳文星 |publisher=五南圖書出版股份有限公司 |year=2002 |isbn=9571127388 |location=台湾 |pages=52 |author-mask=黃秀政 |author-mask2=張勝彥}}</ref> In 1646, the Qing army entered Fujian, Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and Zheng Chenggong left for Kinmen.<ref group="Notes">After Zheng Chenggong came to Taiwan, he received King Lu's son Zhu Honghuan, King Luxi Zhu Ci Kuang, King Badong Zhu Jiang, King Le'an Zhu Jun, King Shucheng Zhu Zhi, King Fengnan Zhu, King Yi Zhu Zirconium, and other Ming clansmen to Taiwan.</ref> In 1647, Zheng Chenggong formally swore to rebel against the Qing Dynasty under the name of [[House of Zhu]] and recruited and claimed the surname of the sinful subjects of the great general, and fought for more than ten years in the southeast coast of the mainland, and helped the Ming clan and the people to cross the sea and settle in Taiwan.<ref>陳錦昌，2004，《鄭成功的台灣時代》，p.053-073。台北：向日葵文化。</ref> Since the Dutch often robbed Chinese merchant ships, Zheng Chenggong warned the Dutch twice between the tenth (1656) and fourteenth (1660) years of the Yongli era to stop robbing merchant ships or they would not trade with them.<ref name=":5">{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|loc=第四章 鄭成功收復台灣與清朝的統一}}</ref> In April 1661, Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships into Taiwan under the name of "Great General of the Ming Recruiting Army" and forced the Dutch East India Company to sign a contract of surrender on February 1, 1662, after the Battle of Jelanzai.<ref>《[[:zh:先王實錄|先王實錄]]》：「承天府安平鎮，本藩暫建都於此，文武各官及總鎮大小將領家眷暫住於此。」</ref> Zheng Chenggong set up Chengtianfu in Taiwan and tried to rebel against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, but he died soon afterward.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.smcbook.com.tw/smc/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=13189 |title=穿梭府城今昔 |publisher=台南市政府 |year=2009 |isbn=9789868531635 |pages=64 |chapter=末代王孙朱術桂 |author-mask=台灣英文新聞股份有限公司編輯部 |access-date=2022-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513121920/https://www.smcbook.com.tw/smc/index.php?route=product%2Fproduct&product_id=13189 |archive-date=2021-05-13}}</ref> After Cheng Cheng succeeded to the throne, due to the fear of insufficient legitimacy of his rule, he welcomed the Great Ming King of Ningjing, [[Zheng Jing]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=明郑王朝 |url=http://www.jianglishi.cn/shijian/mzwc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182244/http://www.jianglishi.cn/shijian/mzwc.html |archive-date=2017-06-29 |access-date=2017-07-12 |website=讲历史}}</ref> from Kinmen to Taiwan in 1663 and renamed Taiwan as Dongning, still serving the Ming dynasty in name and setting up the [[Tainan Confucian Temple]] in 1665.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=林珮瑩 |title=臺南孔廟的研究 |journal=國立成功大學中國文學系碩博士班碩士論文 |publisher=國立成功大學 |publication-place=臺南市}}</ref>',
200 => '',
201 => 'On April 21, 1674, [[Geng Jingzhong]], the King of Jingnan of the Qing Dynasty, rose against the Qing Dynasty and invited Zheng Jing across the sea for a western expedition. After [[Zheng Jing]] crossed the sea, he asked Geng Jingzhong to claim [[Zhangzhou]] and Quanzhou, but after being refused, he sent troops to occupy Haicheng and [[Tong'an District]], and the two sides began to fight. In 1675, Geng Jingzhong negotiated with Zheng Jing to settle the war with Fengting as the boundary, the north belonged to Geng and the south to Zheng. In 1676, Zheng Jing defeated the Pingnan King [[Shang Zhixin]] and occupied [[Huizhou]]. After Zheng Jing had the four state capitals of Zhang, Quan, [[Chaozhou]], and Huizhou, he captured Tingzhou, and Geng Jingzhong had to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. After Geng Jingzhong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Jing, who faced the Qing army alone, was defeated and finally retreated to Xiamen.',
202 => '',
203 => 'In 1677, the Qing Dynasty started peace talks with Zheng Jing again, and Prince Kang of the Qing Dynasty promised in a letter that if Zheng Jing retreated from the islands off the coast of China, he would promise to make Dongning a vassal of the Qing Dynasty in the same way as Korea, and to trade with Dongning without suspicion forever.<ref name=":6">{{cite wikisource|title=臺灣通史|author=|date=1918|authorlink=連橫 (歷史學家)|chapter=卷2|location=建國紀|quote=}}</ref> In 1678, a letter from the Qing general Lai Ta to Zheng Jing claimed that if Zheng's army was willing to retreat to Taiwan, then Zheng could stay in Taiwan forever, with the same status as Joseon and Japan, without having to shave his hair and change his clothes, and pay tribute to his subjects all by his own will.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=宋貴龍 |year=2008 |title=鄭氏王朝及其對台灣的統治 |journal=國立中山大學中山學術研究所碩士論文 |location=高雄市 |publisher=國立中山大學}}</ref> In 1680, Zheng Jing was defeated and retreated from Xiamen to Taiwan. On March 17, 1681, when Zheng Jing died, the important officer [[Feng Xifan]] killed [[Zheng Kezang]] and established his brother [[Zheng Keshuang]], which led to the deterioration of the state and the disintegration of the people.<ref name=":6" />',
204 => '[[File:1894 Taiwan.svg|thumb|The administrative boundaries of Taiwan Province in Fujian in 1894, with the uncontrolled territories in black and the claimed control of the [[Taitung Prefecture]] in gray]]',
205 => '',
206 => '=== Qing Dynasty included Taiwan in its map ===',
207 => '{{Seealso|Qin's wars of unification}}',
208 => 'On July 10, 1683 (the 22nd year of Kangxi), the [[Kangxi Emperor]] of the Qing Dynasty sent [[Shi Lang]] to attack Taiwan with more than 20,000 troops and 200 ships on land and water. After seven days of fierce fighting, the elite of [[Zheng Keshuang]]'s army was completely wiped out.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-24 |title=1683年康熙帝和平统一海峡两岸 |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098353.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098353.shtml |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-06-05 |website=新浪网 |publisher=中国台湾网}}</ref> On July 20, the King of Ningjing, Zhu Jungui, committed suicide and martyred himself, while Zheng Ke-chiao formally submitted his surrender on September 17, and on October 3, Qing troops entered Taiwan to accept the surrender.<ref name=":5" /> In the following year, Taiwan was established as Taiwan Prefecture, which was under the jurisdiction of Taiwan, Fengshan and Zhu Luo counties, and was subordinate to Taixia Province of Fujian Province, and promulgated the "Rules of Taiwan for the Investigation of Exile" to strictly control the number of mainland Han Chinese crossing into Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=王泰升 |url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7OkYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&source=bl&ots=iDZ1RTDNK_&sig=LZ3AzFG8qV8m83n8wY6My6bmBt4&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG5da6_M_QAhUCW5QKHXfgAQQ4KBDoAQg_MAc#v=onepage&q=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&f=false |title=追尋臺灣法律的足跡: 事件百選與法律史研究 |last2=薛化元 |last3=黃世杰 |publisher=台灣五南圖書出版股份有限公司 |year=2015-07-17 |isbn=9789571178615 |access-date=2017-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305002642/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7OkYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&source=bl&ots=iDZ1RTDNK_&sig=LZ3AzFG8qV8m83n8wY6My6bmBt4&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG5da6_M_QAhUCW5QKHXfgAQQ4KBDoAQg_MAc#v=onepage&q=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&f=false |archive-date=2017-03-05}}</ref> At the early stage of the establishment of Taiwan, the Qing court authorized the Fujian governor to transfer officials from the mainland of Fujian Province to Taiwan from each other. Therefore, most of the officials in Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty were from [[Fuzhou]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=-YMwbIzRE2AC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&source=bl&ots=lSxCzFbwGS&sig=98ZWYaLxV6Os1WdT3i14ReqbbMo&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8yPD7kdLPAhVrL8AKHYe9AH4Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&f=false |title=闽台缘与闽南凤: 闽台关系, 闽台社会与闽南文化研究 |publisher=福建教育出版社 |year=2006 |author-mask=汪毅夫 |access-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012152530/https://books.google.de/books?id=-YMwbIzRE2AC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&source=bl&ots=lSxCzFbwGS&sig=98ZWYaLxV6Os1WdT3i14ReqbbMo&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8yPD7kdLPAhVrL8AKHYe9AH4Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&f=false |archive-date=2016-10-12}}</ref>',
209 => '',
210 => 'In 1721, [[Zhu Yigui]] made himself king of Taiwan and named his country "Da Ming", but he was soon destroyed by the Qing army, and in late 1731 (the ninth year of the Yongzheng era of the Qing Dynasty), the [[Taokas people]], the aborigines of Taiwan, launched an armed resistance against the government. Hao Yulin, the acting governor of Fujian at that time, sent Wang County, the chief soldier of Taiwan, to supervise the conquest, and more than 6,000 soldiers were recruited from [[mainland China]] to conquer Taiwan. The incident lasted for seven months, and finally, the chiefs of Taiwan surrendered at the head of the army.<ref>[[:zh:周璽_(嘉慶進士)|周璽]]《彰化縣志》卷六·田賦志·番丁</ref> Thirteen chiefs, including Lin Li, were executed in accordance with the Qing law, and the Shalong chief was found guilty of abetting the conspiracy and was sentenced to death.<ref>[[:zh:國立故宮博物院|國立故宮博物院]]《宮中檔雍正朝奏摺》二十輯</ref>',
211 => '',
212 => 'After the Qing court ruled Taiwan, trade between Taiwan and the mainland became more prosperous. At that time, Taiwan's main exports were rice, deer skins, and sugar, and imports were textiles, herbs, and other daily necessities, and the three main trading ports were Fucheng (now Tainan Anping), Lugang (now Changhua Lugang), and Monga (now Taipei Wanhua). The common name "One Fu, Two Lu and Three Monga" describes the most prosperous trading ports during this period. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of immigrants came to Taiwan, and there were many conflicts of interest between the first and second arriving groups.<ref>{{Cite web |title=從漁獵到現代化 |url=http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2006/ypjh/a/a6.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130025300/http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2006/ypjh/a/a6.htm |archive-date=2016-11-30 |access-date=2016-10-13}}</ref> For example, there were Min-Yue armed battles between the He-lo people of Fujian and the Hakka and Chaozhou people of Guangdong; Quan-Zhang armed battles between the [[Quanzhou]] and Zhangzhou people of Fujian; and Xipi-Fulu armed battles between the Xiqu schools.<ref>{{Cite web |title=西皮福祿之爭 |url=http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2008/cowandhorse/4/4-2/index_.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218163752/http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2008/cowandhorse/4/4-2/index_.htm |archive-date=2017-12-18 |access-date=2017-05-30}}</ref> However, there were also collaborations among the various ethnic groups in Taiwan during this period. For example, in 1796, when Wu Sha was reclaiming Clam Chai, there were Zhang, Quan and [[Hakka people]] who joined the reclamation.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=戴寶村 |title=移民臺灣：臺灣移民歷史的考察 |url=http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/web-life/taiwan/9608/9608-14.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929123211/http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/web-life/taiwan/9608/9608-14.htm |archive-date=2016-09-29 |access-date=2016-10-12 |website=台湾月刊 |publisher=台湾省政府}}</ref>',
213 => '',
214 => '=== Governance of Taiwan in the late Qing Dynasty ===',
215 => 'After the [[Second Opium War]] in 1860, the Qing government agreed to open Taiwan to trade in Anping and Danshui, and soon opened the two ports of Dog and Jidong. 1874, Japan sent troops to Taiwan to create the Mudangsha Incident. 1875, the Qing government sent [[Shen Baozhen]] as the Minister of the Imperial Household to Taiwan for inspection, and transferred 6,500 men from Tang Dingkui's army stationed in Xuzhou to Taiwan for garrisoning. In the end, it was settled by the signing of the Beijing Treaty between China and Japan.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/zheyangdushigeng0000yuqi |title=这样读史更有趣 |publisher=中国城市出版社 |year=2007-05-01 |isbn=9787507418552 |chapter=第八篇3.是是非非李鸿章 |author-mask=渔樵耕读}}</ref> This diplomatic incident prompted the Qing court to lift the ban on mainland Chinese people crossing to Taiwan for cultivation, and Taiwan was fully opened up.<ref>{{Cite book |title=近代中國外交的巨變——外交制度與中外關係變化的研究 |publisher=商務出版社 |year=1991 |isbn=9789570503968 |location=香港 |author-mask=梁伯華}}</ref>',
216 => '',
217 => 'During the [[Sino-French War]] in 1884, French Admiral Lupo occupied Keelung, attacked Danshui, blocked the Taiwan Strait, and harassed the Chinese coastal provinces.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=林君成 |title=十九世紀中國的禦侮戰爭－以中法戰爭臺灣戰役（1883-1885）為論述中心 |journal=中國文化大學史學研究所博士論文 |location=臺北市 |publisher=中國文化大學 |publication-date=2007}}</ref> On July 29, 1885, [[Zuo Zongtang]] explained the reasons for the rapid transformation of Taiwan into a province in his "Request for the transfer of the governor of Fujian to Taiwan to take charge of Taiwan's defense".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-24 |title=台防紧要请移福建巡抚驻台镇摄折（1885年7月29日） |url=http://lishi.zhuixue.net/renwu/zuozongtang/25415.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://lishi.zhuixue.net/renwu/zuozongtang/25415.html |archive-date=2019-03-05 |website=追学网}}</ref> In October of the same year,<ref>劉寧顏 編：《重修臺灣省通志》，[[:zh:臺北市|臺北市]]；[[:zh:臺灣省文獻委員會|臺灣省文獻委員會]]，1994年。</ref> the Qing court established the Fujian Province of Taiwan to control the former Fujian Province of Taiwan and Taipei Province.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=清史稿|chapter=卷416|location=卷四百十六 劉銘傳}}</ref> During his tenure as governor of Taiwan,<ref name=":7" /> Liu Ming Chuan expanded the number of provinces, created new counties,<ref>{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|loc=台湾建省与刘铭传“理番”|p=194}}</ref> and promoted a series of foreign affairs reforms, making Taiwan the most modernized province in the Qing Empire at that time.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=顧瑞鈴 |year=2008 |title=劉銘傳新政之研究 |journal=銘傳大學應用中國文學系碩士在職專班碩士論文 |location=桃園縣 |publisher=銘傳大學}}</ref>',
218 => '[[File:《马关条约》签字时的情景.jpg|thumb|Japanese drawing of the signing of the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]]]]',
219 => '',
220 => '=== Qing Dynasty ceded Taiwan to Japan ===',
221 => '{{Seealso|Taiwan under Japanese rule}}',
222 => '[[File:Ando Rikichi surrender.jpg|thumb|On October 25, 1945, at [[Zhongshan Hall]], General [[Rikichi Andō]] signed and stamped on the Receipt of Order No. 1 of General [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]]'s Department, and then passed it to General [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]] via General Haruki Kikeyama]]',
223 => '[[Qing dynasty|Qing Dynasty]] was defeated by Japan in the [[First Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]] and signed the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]] on April 17, 1895, ceding Taiwan and Penghu to Japan.<ref name=":7" /> The news reached Taiwan, and the then governor of Taiwan, [[Tang Jingsong]], issued the "Declaration of Independence of Taiwan Democracy" on May 25, but still held the Qing Dynasty as the suzerain state.<ref>{{Cite book |last=王育德 |title=《臺灣：苦悶的歷史》 |publisher=臺灣青年社 |year=1979 |edition=中文修訂版 |location=東京都 |pages=107 |access-date=}}</ref> on June 2, both Qing and Japan completed the handover of Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite book |title=日本帝國主義下之臺灣 |collaboration=林明德] |publisher=財團法人吳三連台灣史料基金會 |year=2014-12-10 |isbn=9789868973749 |author-mask=矢內原忠雄}}</ref> and the Japanese army entered Tainan on October 21 to exterminate the regime of Taiwan Democracy.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=鄭政誠 |year=2006 |title=日治時期臺灣總督府對福建鐵路的規劃與佈局（1898-1912） |url=http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~hi/chinese/HISBOOK10/His_10_1.pdf |journal=《史匯》 |publisher=國立中央大學歷史研究所 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305022624/http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~hi/chinese/HISBOOK10/His_10_1.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-05 |access-date=2017-05-27 |quote=Soon after the Japanese took over Taiwan, they used Taiwan as their base and started the invasion of Fujian.}}</ref> Taiwan became a Japanese colony and a base for the Japanese invasion of mainland China.<ref>{{Harvnb|梁華璜|2001}}</ref> The Taiwan Governorate, as the vanguard of the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese Empire]]'s implementation of its southward policy, formulated policies specifically for Fujian and carried out cultural infiltration by founding schools, setting up hospitals, building shrines and operating newspapers on the mainland, which had a profound impact on the development of modern Fujian society.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=毛章清 |year=2010 |title=略论日据时期台湾总督府对厦门的新闻殖民活动 |url=http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn:8080/dspace/bitstream/id/36627/license.txt/;jsessionid=8C15120CCC8C57E2C593C49793E9EADA |journal=中国青年政治学院学报 |pages=125 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021000809/http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn:8080/dspace/bitstream/id/36627/license.txt/;jsessionid=8C15120CCC8C57E2C593C49793E9EADA |archive-date=2016-10-21 |access-date=2016-10-20}}</ref>',
224 => '',
225 => 'Around 1896, the then governor of Taiwan, [[Kodama Gentarō]], sent the then abbot of Lanyang Temple in Yilan, Taiwan, Venerable Gasshohiro to Xiamen to preach. On August 24, 1900, the temple was burned down and on August 25, the Japanese governor of Taiwan sent an army to cross the sea and prepare to occupy Xiamen. The Western powers reacted strongly, and the British, Germans, Americans and Russians all brought their warships into the [[Port of Xiamen]], and the British marines landed in the British Concession. This is known as the "Xiamen Incident" in history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-21 |title=1900年美國報紙頭版的“廈門事件” 究竟發生了什麼事 |url=http://fj.people.com.cn/BIG5/n2/2016/0321/c234949-27973471-2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020174143/http://fj.people.com.cn/BIG5/n2/2016/0321/c234949-27973471-2.html |archive-date=2016-10-20 |access-date=2016-10-20 |website=人民网 |publisher=1900年美國報紙頭版的“廈門事件” 究竟發生了什麼事}}</ref>',
226 => '',
227 => 'After the founding of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] in 1912, Taiwan's [[Chiang Wei-shui|Chiang Wei-Shui]], [[Tu Tsung-ming]] and Weng Chun-Ming joined the Taiwan branch of the [[Tongmenghui]] one after another.<ref>{{Cite book |last=莊永明 |title=臺灣百人傳 |isbn=9571333271}}</ref> 1928 saw the establishment of the Taiwan Communist Party in the [[Shanghai French Concession]] under the guidance of the [[Chinese Communist Party]], which advocated the overthrow of Japanese rule in Taiwan and the establishment of the Taiwan Republic.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-mask=曾郁明 |year=2006 |title=巨變與衝擊:論社會主義思潮對台灣左翼運動的影響(以1920~1937年論述) |journal=國立臺灣師範大學政治學研究所碩士論文 |location=臺北市 |publisher=國立臺灣師範大學 |access-date=}}</ref> After September 1931, the Taiwan Communist Party ceased operations due to the arrest and imprisonment of a large number of party members. In 1934 and 1936, the [[Fujian Provincial Government|Fujian provincial government]] twice organized delegations to Taiwan for inspection. when Japanese rule over Taiwan began in 1895, Taiwan's economy was not yet as large as that of Fujian. However, after nearly 40 years of Japanese operation, Taiwan had far surpassed Fujian. Therefore, the Taiwan Study Tour Report recommended Fujian learn from Taiwan's economic model.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=ITrQDAAAQBAJ&hl=zh-CN&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=民國文學與文化研究 第二輯 |year=2016 |page=250 |access-date=2016-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025045525/https://books.google.de/books?id=ITrQDAAAQBAJ&hl=zh-CN&source=gbs_navlinks_s |archive-date=2016-10-25}}</ref>',
228 => '',
229 => 'After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Taiwanese civilians living in China, under the leadership of Li Youbang, formed the Taiwan Volunteer Force to fight against Japan.<ref>{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|loc=第七章 從五四運動到台灣光復期間海峽兩岸革命情結}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=台灣義勇隊: 台灣抗日團體在大陸的活動, 1937-1945 |publisher=五南圖書出版股份有限公司 |isbn=9867332792 |author-mask=王政文}}</ref> On February 23, 1938, the [[Soviet Volunteer Group]] bombed the [[Taihoku Air Strike]] in Taipei in the name of the First Brigade of the [[Republic of China Air Force]].<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=周湘雲 |date=2015-12-25 |title=敵機來襲！──中美盟軍轟炸臺灣的歷史全記錄 |url=https://gushi.tw/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%96%B0%E7%AB%B9%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%A0%81%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020931/https://gushi.tw/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%96%B0%E7%AB%B9%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%A0%81%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2/ |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=Story Studio Inc}}</ref> on December 9, 1941, the National Government of the Republic of China officially declared war on Japan and declared all treaties against Japan null and void.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=國民政府對日本宣戰布告|date=1941-12-09|quote=所有一切條約、協定、合同，有涉及中、日間之關係者，一律廢止。}}</ref> On November 25, 1943, the 14th Air Force of the [[United States Army Air Forces]] in China and the First Brigade of the [[Chinese-American Composite Wing (Provisional)|Chinese-American Composite Wing]] launched 14 [[North American B-25 Mitchell|B-25]] bombers from [[Suichuan County|Suichuan]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-31 |title=中美混合團成立70週年紀念特展－空襲日軍駐新竹基地（民國32年11月25日） |url=http://museum.mnd.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=1458&p=59307 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203754/http://museum.mnd.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=1458&p=59307 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=国军历史文物馆 |publisher=國防部}}</ref> Jiangxi Province, China, and bombed the Japanese air base at Hsinchu,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=開羅宣言|date=1943-12-01|quote=all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and The Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China.}}</ref> destroying 52 Japanese planes, In July 1945, China, Britain and the U.S. issued the [[Potsdam Declaration]],<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中美英三國促令日本投降之波茨坦公告|date=1945-07-26|quote=(8) The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.}}</ref> which made it clear that "the terms of the [[1943 Cairo Declaration|Cairo Declaration]] must be implemented" as one of the necessary conditions for [[Surrender of Japan|Japan's surrender]].<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=降伏文書|date=1945-09-02|quote=茲接受美、中、英三國政府首領於一九四五年七月二十六日在波茨坦所發表，其後又經蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯邦所加入之公告所列舉之條款。中英美蘇四國在此文件中將被稱為盟邦。}}</ref> on September 2, Japan formally accepted the terms of the Potsdam Proclamation and surrendered to the Allies.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.readbooks.cc/book/11/detail_769730.htm |title=天皇和日本投降 |publisher=档案出版社 |year=1992 |isbn=9787800193330 |author-mask=蔡德金译 |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422123809/http://www.readbooks.cc/book/11/detail_769730.htm |archive-date=2017-04-22}}</ref>',
230 => '',
231 => '=== The Republic of China takes over Taiwan ===',
232 => '{{Seealso|Occupation of Japan}}',
233 => 'On August 29, 1945, [[Chiang Kai-shek]]. appointed [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]], then chairman of [[Fujian]] Province, as the chief executive of [[Taiwan Province]],<ref>{{Harvnb|馬德茂|鄭保國|張鵬程|2004|loc=第九章 台灣回歸祖國與國民政府對台灣的治理}}</ref> and on October 15, Kuomintang troops disembarked at Keelung Harbor, and on October 25, the Republic of China formally took over Taiwan and Penghu, designating that day as Taiwan's [[Retrocession Day]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-27 |title=關於「臺灣主權未定論」之答客問 |url=http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=D9D16583771833FD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407150626/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=D9D16583771833FD |archive-date=2016-04-07 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=中華民國外交部}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-28 |title=異哉所謂「臺灣法律地位未定論」：請勿自我矮化國格 |url=http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=9BDC9C8320E17429 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307041730/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=9BDC9C8320E17429 |archive-date=2016-03-07 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=中華民國外交部}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-23 |title=「臺灣的國際法地位」說帖 |url=http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=A421F866010C8490 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817121812/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=A421F866010C8490 |archive-date=2017-08-17 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=中華民國外交部}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author-mask=林良昇 |title=國際法觀點 學者：台灣被中華民國政府佔領70年 |work=自由時報 |publisher=臺北市] |publication-date=2015-10-24 |url=http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/1485820}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author-mask=民視新聞 |title=開羅宣言無法律效力 舊金山和約位階高 |work=民視 |publisher=高雄市 |publication-date=2016-12-01 |url=http://news.ftv.com.tw/NewsContent.aspx?ntype=class&sno=2016C01P10M1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author-mask=林朝億 |title=蔣介石提台灣是托管地書信 國史館網站可查到 |publication-date=2017-01-03 |url=http://newtalk.tw/news/view/2017-01-03/80661}}</ref> At the end of February 1947,<ref>{{Cite book |title=國際法與國際事務論叢 |publisher=臺灣商務印書館 |year=1995 |isbn=9570506997 |location=臺北市 |author-mask=徐熙光}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |author-mask=湯熙勇 |title=恢復國籍的爭議：戰後旅外臺灣人的復籍問題(1945-47) |url=http://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/app/journal.php?vol=17&num=02&year=2005&pdf=cc1725.pdf |journal=人文及社會科學集刊 |type=pdf |publisher=中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心}}</ref> there was a series of civil-military conflicts in Taiwan,<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite book |title={{!}}美國對外關係{{!}}Foreign Relations Series{{!}}Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946 |publisher=美國政府印務局{{!}}United States Government Printing Office{{!}}United States Government Printing Office |year=1971 |author-mask=美國國務院{{!}}Department of State}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.koryu.or.jp/08_03_03_01_middle.nsf/1384a27fc6686a1a49256798000a62f6/9c5e151017fdbbd549256b19000ee01c/$FILE/hoilin2.pdf |title=戰後台灣人之國籍變更與國家認同──以澀谷事件之考察為中心 |last=何義麟 |date= |publisher=財團法人交流協會 |location=臺北市 |page=6-11 |access-date=2017-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016025143/https://www.koryu.or.jp/08_03_03_01_middle.nsf/1384a27fc6686a1a49256798000a62f6/9c5e151017fdbbd549256b19000ee01c/$FILE/hoilin2.pdf |archive-date=2016-10-16}}</ref> and Chen Yi secretly requested Chiang Chung Cheng to send more troops from mainland China to suppress them.',
234 => '',
235 => 'From 1948 onward, as the [[Republic of China Armed Forces]] lost successive battles in the Second Nationalist-Communist Civil War, Chiang began to relocate the National Government, military units, military dependents, National Palace relics, treasury assets and related archives to Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/1949dachetui0000lint |title=1949大撤退 |publisher=聯經出版事業公司 |year=2009-08-24 |isbn=957083451X |author-mask=林桶法}}</ref> from 1945 to 1950, nearly two million military and civilians from all over mainland China moved to Taiwan.<ref group="Notes">The 1944 census conducted by the Taiwan Governor's Office showed that the population of Taiwan and Penghu was only 6.27 million.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=寶島眷村背后的國共恩仇 |publisher=人民日報社 |author-mask=《文史參考》2011年第22期}}</ref> These mainland immigrants were called foreigners in Taiwan to distinguish them from the earlier immigrants to Taiwan from the province.',
236 => '',
237 => '== The present age ==',
238 => '{{Main|Cross-Strait relations}}',
239 => '',
240 => '=== Military Confrontation ===',
241 => '{{Multiple image',
242 => '| total_width = 200',
243 => '| image1 = 蔣中正肖像(上色).jpg',
244 => '| alt1 = 400',
245 => '| caption1 = President of Kuomintang, China [[Chiang Kai-shek]]',
246 => '| alt2 = 400',
247 => '| caption2 = Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China [[Mao Zedong]]',
248 => '| align = left',
249 => '| header = Top leaders of both sides of the Nationalist and Communist civil wars',
250 => '| width1 = 300',
251 => '| width2 = 300',
252 => '}}',
253 => '[[File:UN2758 zh.JPG|thumb|[[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758]] of 1971]]',
254 => 'On March 15, 1949, the [[Xinhua News Agency]] published an editorial titled "The Chinese People Must Liberate Taiwan", raising the slogan of "[[Chinese unification]]" for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=“一定要解放台湾” |url=http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64170/4467358.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142043/http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64170/4467358.html |archive-date=2018-06-12 |access-date=2016-12-12 |website=人民网}}</ref> After the [[government of the Republic of China]] moved to Taipei following the defeat of the [[Chinese Communist Revolution]], it put forward slogans such as "counter-attacking the mainland", "eliminating communist bandits", and "rescuing compatriots", and promulgated the "Ordinance on the Suppression of Bandits and Spies during the Counterinsurgency Period", which strictly restricted the interaction between Taiwanese and mainlanders. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait went through the [[Battle of Guningtou|Battle of Gulingtou]] in 1949, the Battle of Dongshan Island in 1953, the [[First Taiwan Strait Crisis]] in 1954, the [[Battle of Yijiangshan Islands]] in January 1955, the [[Battle of Dachen Archipelago]] in February 1955, and the [[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis]] in 1958,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-12 |title=“八二三炮战” |url=http://www.tb.sz.gov.cn/gzfw/twbk/ls/201301/t20130115_2100859.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619082042/http://www.tb.sz.gov.cn/gzfw/twbk/ls/201301/t20130115_2100859.htm |archive-date=2017-06-19 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=深圳市人民政府台湾事务办公室}}</ref> with both sides winning and losing.',
255 => '',
256 => 'During that time, the [[Korean War]] broke out and U.S. troops moved into Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/special/chubingdongji/detail_2010_06/23/1660432_0.shtml |title=解密中国外交档案 |publisher=中国档案出版社 |year=2010-06-23 |author-mask=徐京利 |access-date=2017-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608022037/http://news.ifeng.com/history/special/chubingdongji/detail_2010_06/23/1660432_0.shtml |archive-date=2017-06-08}}</ref> while noting that [[Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan|Taiwan's status was undetermined]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Statement by the President on the Situation in Korea |date=1950-06-27 |url=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/viewpapers.php?pid=800 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109112156/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/viewpapers.php?pid=800 |publisher=Truman library |archive-date=2014-11-09 |accessdate=2007-10-06}}</ref> As a result, the People's Republic of China complained to the [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 87]] about the armed aggression against Taiwan, while protesting the exclusion of the People's Republic of China from the United Nations,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=伍修权在联合国安全理事会上控诉美国武装侵略中国领土台湾的发言|author=伍修权|date=1950-11-28|quote=}}</ref> but the case was eventually rejected.<ref>{{cite conference |date=1950-11-30 |title=聯合國安全理事會正式紀錄 第七十二號 第五三0次會議 |url=http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/PV.530&referer=/english/&Lang=C |conference= |location=紐約發拉星草場 |publisher=聯合國安全理事會 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824030006/http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S%2FPV.530&referer=%2Fenglish%2F&Lang=C |archive-date=2015-08-24 |accessdate=2015-08-24}}</ref> In the [[Treaty of San Francisco]], Japan renounced all rights, rights names and claims to Taiwan and the Penghu Islands,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=舊金山和平條約|date=1951-09-08}}</ref> but neither the ROC nor the People's Republic of China participated in the signing of the peace treaty.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中華民國與日本國間和平條約|date=1952-04-28}}</ref> The ROC and Japan then signed the [[Treaty of Taipei]] in 1952, and the signing of the [[Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty]] also made the PLA wary.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=北明 |year=2003 |title=韩战中美国第七舰队与中国 |url=http://archives.cnd.org/HXWK/column/History/kd030707-1.gb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815122403/http://archives.cnd.org/HXWK/column/History/kd030707-1.gb.html |archive-date=2017-08-15 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=华夏快递}}</ref> in April 1955, [[Zhou Enlai]], Premier of the State Council and [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China]], went to Indonesia to attend the [[Bandung Conference]] and issued a statement that "the Chinese government is willing to negotiate with the U.S. government to strive for the liberation of Taiwan by peaceful means".<ref group="Notes">{{Cite web |author1=徐京利 |date=2013-04-11 |title=暗杀周恩来：“克什米尔公主号”事件始末 |url=http://www.guancha.cn/history/2013_04_11_137922.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004947/https://www.guancha.cn/history/2013_04_11_137922.shtml |archive-date=2019-03-05 |accessdate=2017-07-12 |website=观察者 |publisher=解密中国外交档案}}</ref> After learning of this in the U.S., [[Li Zongren]] responded by publishing "Proposals on the Taiwan Question" in August of the same year,<ref group="Notes">In 1949, the acting president of the Republic of China, Li Zongren, was not evacuated to Taiwan, but went to the United States via Hong Kong. he was impeached in 1954.</ref> while the ROC government blocked the news of the publication of this article.<ref>{{Cite book |title=全國政協文史資料委員會編：《文史資料選輯》第140輯 |publisher=中國文史出版社 |year=2000 |isbn=978-7-5034-1065-9 |location=北京}}</ref> ',
257 => '',
258 => 'In early October 1958, the PLA announced that it would give up its blockade of Kinmen, and later changed to a "single strike and no strike" to gradually reduce its offensive,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中华人民共和国国防部告台湾同胞书|author=毛泽东|date=1958-10-06|authorlink=毛泽东|quote=为了人道主义，从十月六日起，暂以七天为期，停止炮击，你们可以充分地自由地输送供应品，但以没有美国人护航为条件。}}</ref> and the cross-strait wrestling turned to a legal-unification dispute over [[Greater China]]'s representation in the international community.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=邰言 |date=2015-06-23 |title=海峡两岸关系六十年(三) |url=http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/lsgw/201507/t20150720_10289649.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114203720/http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/lsgw/201507/t20150720_10289649.html |archive-date=2016-11-14 |access-date=2017-06-06 |website=中国和平统一促进会}}</ref> In [[1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China|1972 Nixon visited China]] and signed the [[Three Communiqués]], and in September of the same year China and Japan established diplomatic relations;<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=郝保權 |date=2012-09-13 |title=從“一綱四目”到“一國兩制” |url=http://dangshi.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2012/0913/c85037-19000689.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://dangshi.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2012/0913/c85037-19000689.html |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-07-12 |website=人民網}}</ref> on January 1, 1979, the U.S. established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, while breaking diplomatic relations with the ROC,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国联合公报 (1972年)|date=1972-02-26|quote=美国方面声明：美国认识到，在台湾海峡两边的所有中国人都认为只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。英文版：The US side declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China.}}</ref> replacing the U.S.-China Mutual Defense Treaty with the [[Taiwan Relations Act]], and withdrawing troops from Taiwan. On January 1, 1979,<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中华人民共和国政府和日本国政府联合声明|date=1972-09-29|quote=中华人民共和国政府重申：台湾是中华人民共和国领土不可分割的一部分。日本国政府充分理解和尊重中国政府的这一立场，并坚持遵循波茨坦公告第八条的立场。}}</ref> [[Xu Xiangqian]], [[Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China]],<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国关于建立外交关系的联合公报|date=1979-01-01|quote=美利坚合众国政府承认中国的立场，即只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。The Government of the United States of America acknowledges the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.}}</ref> issued the "Statement of the Ministry of National Defense on the Cessation of Artillery Fire on the Greater Kinmen Islands",<ref name=":9" /> which officially put an end to the 21-year Kinmen artillery war.',
259 => '',
260 => '=== De-escalating communication ===',
261 => '[[File:Mawei China Propaganda facing Matsu.jpg|thumb|The "Peaceful Reunification, One Country, Two Systems" banner on the coast of [[Fuzhou]]'s [[Mawei District|Mawei district]] looks out over the [[Matsu Islands]].]]',
262 => 'On January 1, 1979, the [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]] issued the "Letter to Taiwan Compatriots", replacing the original "liberation of Taiwan" with "peaceful reunification and "[[one country, two systems]]",<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |author-mask=单玉丽 |date=2010-02-01 |title=福建在海峡两岸关系中扮演的角色 |url=http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg/publications/files/CWP79.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305020000/http://www.eai.nus.edu.sg/publications/files/CWP79.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-05 |access-date=2016-10-11 |publisher=东亚论文}}</ref> and moving from a hard-line to a more moderate attitude toward Taiwan.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |author-mask=邵宗海 |year=2004 |title=從兩岸關係的變遷探討兩岸關係的定位（下） |url=http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2004-1_3.pdf |journal=遠景基金會季刊 |pages=99-100 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2004-1_3.pdf |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref> In response, [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] proposed the [[Three Noes]] "no contact, no negotiation, no compromise" policy on April 4, and on May 29, the Taiwan Strait resumed navigation.<ref>{{Cite book |title=《臺灣歷史辭典》 |publisher=遠流出版 |year=2004 |isbn=9570174293 |publication-place=臺北 |author-mask=許雪姬}}</ref> On October 1, 1981, [[Ye Jianying]], Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, proposed nine policies for the peaceful reunification of Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-28 |title=新中国三十年第一程——记眉山轮首航台湾海峡 |url=http://www.coscogz.com.cn/gzyyxcw/ztzx_show.asp?Tid=1030&bid=24&mid=85&sid=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020646/http://www.coscogz.com.cn/gzyyxcw/ztzx_show.asp?Tid=1030&bid=24&mid=85&sid=0 |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-03-12 |publisher=中远航运宣传网}}</ref> stating that "after the country is reunified, Taiwan can be a special administrative region with a high degree of autonomy and can retain its military forces.<ref name=":10" /> The central government (meaning Beijing) will not interfere in Taiwan's local affairs."<ref name=":11" /> On July 24, 1982, [[Liao Chengzhi]], Minister of the [[United Front Work Department]] of the CPC Central Committee, sent a letter to President Chiang Ching-kuo, calling for peace talks between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait to "put away grudges when they meet";<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=廖承志 |date=1982-07-24 |title=廖承志致蒋经国先生信 |url=http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213310.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312022002/http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213310.htm |archive-date=2019-03-12 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=中央政府门户网站}}</ref> the ROC government did not respond, and in 1984,<ref>周美華、蕭李居編，《蔣經國書信集——與宋美齡往來函電》下，台北「國史館」出版，2009年，第278-284頁</ref> the mainland refrained from returning fire when it shelled Jiao-Yu Island, which was under PLA control.',
263 => '',
264 => 'On November 2 of the same year, Taiwan opened up for people to visit their relatives on the mainland, and cross-strait private economic and trade activities heated up rapidly. in August 1988, the Mainland Working Committee of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China was established to coordinate cross-strait economic and trade exchanges. in June 1989, the Taiwan region officially opened up for indirect imports of goods from the mainland. On October 7, 1990, the then President of the Republic of China, [[Lee Teng-hui]], announced the establishment of the [[National Unification Council]], and on February 23, 1991, the [[Guidelines for National Unification]] were adopted, advocating the unification of China based on the principles of "democracy, freedom, and equal wealth". An [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|amendment to the Constitution]] divided the Republic of China into a "mainland area" and a "free area".<ref name=":9" /> The "Mainland Region" is defined in the [[Cross-Strait Act]] as "the territory of the Republic of China outside of Taiwan".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-17 |title=臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例 |url=http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Q0010001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103134025/http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Q0010001 |archive-date=2017-11-03 |access-date=2017-07-03 |website=全国法规资料库}}</ref>',
265 => '',
266 => 'In 1991, the Taiwan [[Straits Exchange Foundation]] and the [[Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits]] became operational one after another, and talks were held in Hong Kong in 1992, but to no avail.<ref>{{Cite web |title=歷次會談總覽 |url=http://www.sef.org.tw/lp.asp?CtNode=4306&CtUnit=2541&BaseDSD=21&mp=19&nowPage=2&pagesize=30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004947/http://www.sef.org.tw/lp.asp?CtNode=4306&CtUnit=2541&BaseDSD=21&mp=19&nowPage=2&pagesize=30 |archive-date=2019-03-05 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=财团法人海峡交流基金会}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-06-05 |title=两岸对话与商谈一览表 |url=http://www.arats.com.cn/lhstgh/gaikuang/200806/t20080625_680839.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813072658/http://www.arats.com.cn/lhstgh/gaikuang/200806/t20080625_680839.htm |archive-date=2019-08-13 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=海峡两岸关系协会 |publisher=国台办}}</ref> In April 1993, the cross-strait [[Wang–Koo summit]] was held on the basis of the [[1992 Consensus]]. In January 1995, [[Jiang Zemin]], then the [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]], put forward eight propositions for developing cross-strait relations and advancing China's peaceful reunification process.<ref>{{Cite web |title=辜汪會晤 |url=http://www.sef.org.tw/ct.asp?xItem=376&ctNode=3809&mp=19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106100358/http://www.sef.org.tw/ct.asp?xItem=376&ctNode=3809&mp=19 |archive-date=2021-01-06 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=财团法人海峡交流基金会}}</ref> In response, President Lee Teng-hui put forward six proposals on April 8, known as Lee's six articles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1996-04-10 |title=江八點與李六條對照表 |url=http://newcongress.yam.org.tw/taiwan_sino/chiang-lee.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122001056/http://newcongress.yam.org.tw/taiwan_sino/chiang-lee.html |archive-date=2012-01-22 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=新國會政策研究中心}}</ref>',
267 => '',
268 => '=== Conscious Opposition ===',
269 => '{{Multiple image',
270 => '| total_width = 260',
271 => '| image1 = 連戰院長.jpg',
272 => '| alt1 = 400',
273 => '| caption1 = Chairman of the Kuomintang of China [[Lien Chan]]',
274 => '| image2 = Hu Jintao Cannes2011.jpg',
275 => '| alt2 = 400',
276 => '| caption2 = [[General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China]] [[Hu Jintao]]',
277 => '| align = left',
278 => '| header = National Communist Party breaks ice to exchange top leaders from both sides',
279 => '| width1 = 300',
280 => '| width2 = 350',
281 => '}}',
282 => 'The [[Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident|''Min Ping Yu No. 5540'' incident]] in 1990 and the [[Qiandao Lake incident]] and the Xiaojinmen anti-aircraft artillery misfire on Xiamen in 1994 triggered discontent among people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=陈玲 |date=2008-10-23 |title=从“千岛湖事件”与“闽平渔事件”的比较看两岸对和平统一的诚意 |url=http://www.minge.gov.cn/txt/2008-10/23/content_2534849.htm |publisher=中国国民党革命委员会中央委员会}}</ref> in June 1995, then ROC President Lee Teng-hui visited Cornell University in his private capacity and proposed the national positioning of the [[Republic of China on Taiwan]], triggering the [[Third Taiwan Strait Crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=楊鎮全 |date=2003-12-21 |title=國家定位 李前總統︰ROC在台灣 |url=http://news.tvbs.com.tw/other/389500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108102029/http://news.tvbs.com.tw/other/389500 |archive-date=2017-01-08 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=TVBS}}</ref> In August 1996, the Chinese mainland opened the Fuzhou and Xiamen On September 14, 1996, President [[Lee Teng-hui]] of the Republic of China (R.O.C.) proposed the idea of "using patience and urgency" at the Taiwan Businessmen's Conference, restricting the Taiwanese [[business]] community's [[investment]] in mainland China.<ref name=":9" /> In 1997, Fujian established the "Cross-Strait (Fuzhou) Agricultural Cooperation Pilot Zone" and the "Cross-Strait (Zhangzhou) Agricultural Cooperation Pilot Zone", and in May 1999, the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] Plenum passed the "[[Resolution on Taiwan's Future]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=第三屆全國經營者大會演講全文 |url=http://www.president.gov.tw/1_roc_intro/xpresident/lee_idea02_850914.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920043915/http://www.president.gov.tw/1_roc_intro/xpresident/lee_idea02_850914.html |archive-date=2017-09-20 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref> In July of the same year, President Lee Teng-hui put forward the two-state theory,<ref>{{Cite web |title=民进党党纲 |url=http://www.dpp.org.tw/upload/history/20160728102222_link.pdf |website=民主进步党官方网站}}</ref> advocating that the relationship between Taiwan and mainland China was "state-to-state" or "at least a special state-to-state relationship".',
283 => '[[File:Flag of World Taiwanese Congress.svg|left|thumb|The [[Proposed flags of Taiwan|flag of the World Taiwan Congress]] is widely used in Taiwan independence activities to highlight [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwan's subjectivity]].]]',
284 => 'In 2000, when the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] became the ruling party of the Republic of China (ROC) for the first time,<ref>{{Harvnb|邵宗海|2001|loc=五二○演說}}</ref> [[Chen Shui-bian]] proposed [[Four Noes and One Without]] at his inauguration ceremony,<ref>{{Cite book |title=為人民服務: 兩岸制度競爭的核心 |publisher=秀威出版 |year=2011 |isbn=9862217359 |editor-mask=劉文斌 |chapter=（二）台湾“去中国化”}}</ref> namely, "As long as the Chinese Communist Party has no intention to ',
285 => '',
286 => 'use force against Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite book |title=悦读MOOK（第三十七卷） |publisher=二十一世纪出版社 |year=2014 |isbn=753918826X |pages=179 |chapter=蒋介石在当今的台湾 |author-mask=陈其禄}}</ref> I promise that during my term of office, I will not declare independence, I will not change the national symbol,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-08-05 |title=2001年5月：“新五不”政策 |url=http://big5.huaxia.com/zt/2002-30/599491.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821161040/http://big5.huaxia.com/zt/2002-30/599491.html |archive-date=2018-08-21 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=華夏經緯網}}</ref> I will not promote the constitutionalization of the two-state theory, I will not promote a referendum on unification and independence that would change the status quo, and there is no question of abolishing the national platform and the National Unification Council.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHlfuipK5_0 兩岸關係 歷任元首詮釋不同]，民視新聞，2012-03-23</ref> In 2001, [[Matsu Islands]], [[Kinmen]], [[Mawei District]], and [[Xiamen]] ',
287 => '',
288 => 'were connected to each other by trade, air, and mail. On August 2, 2002, Chen proposed "[[One Country on Each Side|One]] ',
289 => '[[File:1025遊行的陳水扁.jpg|thumb|[[One Country on Each Side|Former President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian holds the banner of "Taiwan, China, One Country" in a]] [[1025 rally to safeguard Taiwan|rally]] on Oct. 25, 2008.]]',
290 => '[[One Country on Each Side|Country on Each Side]]" through a video conference at the World Taiwan Clansmen's Association, saying that Taiwan and China are not the same countries. On February 22, 2004, Chen said that',
291 => '',
292 => 'the mainland was aiming 496 missiles at Taiwan, with an additional one every six days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-02-23 |title=陈水扁称大陆496颗导弹对准台湾 每6天增加1颗 |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-02-23/09372935106.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821160512/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-02-23/09372935106.shtml |archive-date=2018-08-21 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=新浪网 |publisher=华夏经纬网}}</ref> As a result, Taiwan held the 228 Million Hands for Taiwan campaign to oppose the deployment of China's missile facilities against Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=李欣芳 |date=2004-02-26 |title=和平反飛彈 二二八全台「發聲」 |url=http://old.ltn.com.tw/2004/new/feb/26/today-fo1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420192628/http://old.ltn.com.tw/2004/new/feb/26/today-fo1.htm |archive-date=2016-04-20 |access-date=2017-06-08 |website=自由新闻网}}</ref>',
293 => '',
294 => 'In March 2005, President Chen Shui-bian told members of the [[European Parliament]] and the news media that he could not change the ROC's national name to the Republic of Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-03-01 |title=總統晚上透過視訊會議與歐洲議會議員及新聞媒體進行對話 |url=https://zh.wikiquote.org/zh/%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81#cite_note-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927165829/https://zh.wikiquote.org/zh/%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81#cite_note-1 |archive-date=2016-09-27 |access-date=2017-06-07 |website=中華民國總統府新聞稿}}</ref> On March 26, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the Taiwan Federation of Trade Unions (TUF) organized a march in protest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-03-26 |title=「326遊行」充分反映臺灣人民愛和平、反暴力之心聲 |url=http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=45416&ctNode=5652&mp=1&xq_xCat=2005 |website=中華民國行政院大陸委員會官网}}</ref> On August 2, 2005, Chen proposed a four-stage theory, namely "the ROC is on the mainland,<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=安华 |date=2013-11-13 |title=连战：05年破冰之旅由胡锦涛促成，不愿提及马习会 |url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/lien-chan-on-us-china-taiwan-relation-20131113/1789147.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020645/https://www.voachinese.com/a/lien-chan-on-us-china-taiwan-relation-20131113/1789147.html |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-07-24 |website=美国之音 |quote=连战因在促进两岸关系的改善方面做出的杰出贡献，获颁终身成就大奖。}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2005年5月12日 胡锦涛和宋楚瑜在北京举行正式会谈 |url=http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64165/79703/79790/5639243.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020646/http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64165/79703/79790/5639243.html |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2017-07-24 |website=中国共产党新闻 |quote=胡锦涛指出，台海紧张局势出现了某些缓和的迹象。}}</ref> the ROC is in Taiwan."<ref>{{Cite web |title=國家統一委員會設置要點(點選開啟法規查詢) |url=http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=62517&ctNode=5661&mp=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193145/http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=62517&ctNode=5661&mp=1 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2017-05-29}}</ref> Four days later, Chen proposed one principle, three insistencies and five objections as the guidelines for handling cross-strait affairs, and in 2006 Chen announced that the "National Unification Plan" would "cease to apply".<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=陳幼臻 |date=2003-06-13 |title=護照九月起加註Taiwan |url=http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20030613/106423/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731231928/http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20030613/106423/ |archive-date=2017-07-31 |access-date=2017-06-09 |website=苹果日报}}</ref> There is no left-right route in Taiwan, only the issue of unification and independence.<ref>{{Cite news |title=美中如何看待陳水扁「四要一沒有」 |work=中評社 |publication-date=2007-04-12 |url=http://hk.crntt.com/doc/1003/4/7/1/100347187.html?coluid=63&kindid=0&docid=100347187}}</ref> However, this did not cause a strong reaction from China and the U.S., and cross-strait economic and trade exchanges continued to develop. 974,000 passengers were carried on the "Little Three Links" in 2008.<ref name=":10" />',
295 => '',
296 => '=== Reciprocal Consultation ===',
297 => '[[File:2015 Ma–Xi Meeting 07.jpg|left|thumb|Cross-strait leaders meet in Singapore on November 7, 2015. [[Ma–Xi meeting]]]]',
298 => 'On March 22, 2008, [[Ma Ying-jeou]] won the [[2008 Taiwanese presidential election]], and on May 20, the Chinese Kuomintang returned to power, advocating no unification, no independence, and no military force, that is, "during Ma's term of office, he pledged not to promote cross-strait unification, nor to declare Taiwan's independence, and no military war between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. In October and November of the same year, [[Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits]] (ARATS) Vice President [[Zhang Mingqing]] and President [[Chen Yunlin]], who had served as Director and Assistant Director of the Taiwan Affairs Office, visited Taiwan and were attacked and besieged by protesting people in Taiwan. On December 31 of the same year, Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, put forward the "Hu Six Points" at the 30th anniversary of the publication of the "Letter to Taiwan Compatriots". Cross-strait relations have continued to develop on the basis of the "1992 Consensus", and the SEF and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) have held eleven "leaders' meetings" and signed twenty-three agreements and two joint statements, including the Cross-Straits [[Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement]] (ECFA), the launch of regular cross-strait direct flights, and cross-strait cooperation in combating crime.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.kingstone.com.tw/book/book_page.asp?kmcode=2015730201342&lid=search&actid=wise |title=兩岸談判與協商—從白手套到官方接觸再到？ |publisher=唐山出版社 |year=2016-08-30 |isbn=9789863071273}}</ref> In 2013, the first time the [[Mainland Affairs Council]] was allowed to participate in [[APEC Indonesia 2013]] meetings was considered a major breakthrough in the progress of cross-strait relations.',
299 => '',
300 => 'The Sunflower school movement in Taiwan in 2014 curbed the momentum of cross-strait economic integration.<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=李允杰 |date=2016-02-15 |title=两岸新青年－陆方要倾听台湾民眾心声 |url=http://www.chinatimes.com/cn/newspapers/20160215000722-260301 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035620/http://www.chinatimes.com/cn/newspapers/20160215000722-260301 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-06-01 |website=中时电子报}}</ref> In June of the same year, DPP's Tainan Mayor [[Lai Ching-te|Lai Ching-teh]] said during a visit to mainland China that "the future of Taiwan is to be decided by the 23 million people together".<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=威克 |date=2014-06-11 |title=「台灣未來由台灣2300萬人民決定」 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/06/140611_china_taiwan_fanliqing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042217/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/06/140611_china_taiwan_fanliqing |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-07-24 |website=BBC中文网}}</ref> The Taiwan Affairs Office responded that "any issue involving China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must be decided by the entire Chinese people, including Taiwan compatriots," and stressed that its stance against Taiwan's independence would remain unchanged.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-26 |title=習近平晤台灣統派 重申一國兩制方針 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/09/140925_china_taiwan_relations_xi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201111538/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/09/140925_china_taiwan_relations_xi |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=BBC中文网}}</ref> In September, the [[Taiwan Affairs Office]] of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) invited more than 20 Taiwan unificationist groups to visit Beijing, and the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, [[Xi Jinping]], reiterated that "peaceful unification and one country, two systems" is the basic policy of the mainland in resolving the Taiwan issue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=江揆：中華民國是主權獨立國家，不接受一國兩制 |url=http://www.ey.gov.tw/News_Content2.aspx?n=F8BAEBE9491FC830&sms=99606AC2FCD53A3A&s=4CD73ED6CBB384CD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081603/https://www.ey.gov.tw/News_Content2.aspx?n=F8BAEBE9491FC830&sms=99606AC2FCD53A3A&s=4CD73ED6CBB384CD |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=新聞傳播處}}</ref> In response, Executive Yuan President [[Jiang Yi-huah]] said, "The Republic of China has never accepted the policy of one country, two systems, and our proposition is to maintain the status quo under the constitutional framework of the Republic of China.<ref>{{Cite news |title=「台車入閩」陸委會拒評方案 |work=東方日報 |publisher=中新社 |publication-date=2015-01-11 |url=http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/china_world/20150111/00178_021.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=林楠森 |date=2015-09-23 |title=卡式台胞證上路在台引起抗議 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2015/09/150923_tw_china_card_protests |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202193236/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2015/09/150923_tw_china_card_protests |archive-date=2017-12-02 |access-date=2017-06-14 |website=BBC中文网}}</ref> For its part, mainland China continues to roll out new unification strategies.<ref group="Notes">The [[People's Republic of China]] is under [[one-party rule]] by the [[Communist Party of China]], with the [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China]] and [[Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China]] as the [[Supreme Leader|Supreme Leader of the People's Republic of China]]. The [[Republic of China]] currently has a [[semi-presidential system]] with [[direct election]], and the [[President of the Republic of China]] is the [[head of state]] and the commander-in-chief of the three armies, and is the supreme leader.</ref> On November 7, 2015, top cross-strait leaders Xi Jinping and Ma Ying-jeou met in [[Singapore]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=馬總統與大陸領導人習近平在新加坡會面，雙方將共同努力持續鞏固臺海和平及維護兩岸人民福祉 |url=http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=113310&ctNode=5649&mp=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014926/http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=113310&ctNode=5649&mp=1 |archive-date=2015-11-17 |access-date=2017-05-23}}</ref> the first meeting of top leaders from both sides of the Taiwan Strait in the 66 years since the political separation in 1949,<ref>{{Cite news |year=2015 |title=“习马会”第一句话说啥？双方打什么颜色领带？晚饭吃啥？ |publisher=央视新闻 |url=http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1393933}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chang |first=Shu-hua |title=President Ma to meet China's Xi in Singapore Saturday (update) |work=中央通讯社英文新闻网 |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/afav/201511040001.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-04 |title=20151104 焦點對談 兩岸史上最大突破! 馬習會周六登場 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBJDzncmnr8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324070723/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBJDzncmnr8 |archive-date=2016-03-24 |access-date=2017-05-23 |publisher=YouTube.com}}</ref> and the two sides exchanged views on advancing the peaceful development of [[Cross-Strait relations|cross-strait relations]].<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=邓鸿伟 |title=两岸领导人习近平、马英九将在新加坡会面 |url=http://www.gwytb.gov.cn/wyly/201511/t20151104_10965462.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729091957/http://www.gwytb.gov.cn/wyly/201511/t20151104_10965462.htm |archive-date=2017-07-29 |access-date=2017-05-23 |publisher=Gwytb.gov.cn}}</ref> DPP Chairman and presidential candidate [[Tsai Ing-wen]] criticized the meeting as "an attempt to use a political framework to limit the future choices of the people in cross-strait relations".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-09 |title=港报社评：＂习马会＂框限未来台湾新总统 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idCNL3S1340U120151109 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415041319/https://www.reuters.com/article/idCNL3S1340U120151109 |archive-date=2022-04-15 |access-date=2022-01-19}}</ref>',
301 => '',
302 => '=== Current Status of Taiwan Strait ===',
303 => '{{Main|Political status of Taiwan}}',
304 => '[[File:12.02 總統由國安會秘書長及外交部長李大維陪同，與美國總統當選人唐納川普（Donald J. Trump）通話 (30561066134).jpg|thumb|The December 2, 2016, Trump-Tsai call had been considered a diplomatic breakthrough for Taiwan<ref>{{Cite web |author-mask=尼古拉·史密斯 |title=“川蔡”通话令台湾人欢欣鼓舞 |url=http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001070441 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023142339/http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001070441 |archive-date=2017-10-23 |access-date=2017-06-14 |website=FT中文网 |publisher=英国金融时报 (英国){{!}}金融时报}}</ref>]]',
305 => 'Since her inauguration as president of the Republic of China on May 20, 2016, Tsai Ing-wen, a member of the [[Democratic Progressive Party]], has advocated maintaining the status quo and not recognizing the [[1992 Consensus]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-08 |title=蔡英文：大陆施压不会双赢 |url=ttp://www.zaobao.com.sg/wencui/politic/story20161008-675522 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805103957/http://www.zaobao.com.sg/wencui/politic/story20161008-675522 |archive-date=2017-08-05 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=联合早报}}</ref> and successfully made a phone call with U.S. President-elect Donald Trump in late 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-22 |title=大陸施壓信曝光：「中國台灣省」不應參與WHA |url=http://china.hket.com/article/1818441/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%96%BD%E5%A3%93%E4%BF%A1%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89%EF%BC%9A%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%8D%E6%87%89%E5%8F%83%E8%88%87WHA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522093933/http://china.hket.com/article/1818441/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%96%BD%E5%A3%93%E4%BF%A1%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89%EF%BC%9A%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%8D%E6%87%89%E5%8F%83%E8%88%87WHA |archive-date=2017-05-22 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=香港經濟日報}}</ref> The [[Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration]] has continuously pressured the [[Presidency of Tsai Ing-wen]] in the hope that Tsai would return to the 1992 Consensus.<ref>{{Cite news |title=2017台湾前瞻——两岸关系篇 |work=新华网 |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/tw/2017-01/03/c_129429999.htm |url-status=}}</ref> For her part, in an open letter to members of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) as party chairman on the occasion of the party's 30th anniversary,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-29 |title=蔡英文：力抗中国压力 发展其他关系 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/china/2016/09/160929_taiwan_china_tsai |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518113344/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/china/2016/09/160929_taiwan_china_tsai |archive-date=2017-05-18 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=BBC中文网}}</ref> Tsai said she would resist pressure from mainland China, develop relations with other countries, and get rid of her overdependence on China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-21 |title=綠智庫民調：八成民眾不滿中國打壓台灣參與WHA |url=http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20170421/1102476/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421194531/http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20170421/1102476/ |archive-date=2017-04-21}}</ref> Most Taiwanese people are dissatisfied with the suppression of mainland China in the international community, while on the other hand half of the public is dissatisfied with Tsai's performance in handling cross-strait relations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-27 |title=台民调：58%民众不满蔡英文处理两岸关系 |url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/tsai-cross-strait-20170626/3917082.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805101146/https://www.voachinese.com/a/tsai-cross-strait-20170626/3917082.html |archive-date=2017-08-05}}</ref>',
306 => '',
307 => 'Xi Jinping, [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]], delivered the "Xi Five Articles" at the [[Great Hall of the People]] in [[Beijing]] during the "40th Anniversary Commemorative Meeting of the Letter to Taiwan Compatriots" on Jan. 2, 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |title=祖国必须统一，也必然统一——习近平总书记重要讲话为两岸关系发展定向领航 |work=中国日报网 |publication-date=2019-01-03 |url=http://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201901/03/WS5c2d4efba3106072a9033b22.html}}</ref> Focusing on the [[Political status of Taiwan]], Xi reiterated "the [[1992 Consensus]] that both sides of the Strait belong to the same China and work together for national reunification".<ref>{{Cite news |title=習近平新解「九二共識」 學者：給國民黨難堪 |work=自由時報 |publication-date=2019-01-02 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2659898}}</ref> In the afternoon of the same day, Tsai Ing-wen, [[President of the Republic of China]] held an impromptu press conference, saying that she "rejects the 1992 Consensus" and "resolutely opposes one country, two systems".<ref>{{Cite news |title=回應習五條 蔡英文：拒絕九二共識 不接受一國兩制 |work=中時電子報 |publication-date=2019-01-02 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20190102002768-260407?chdtv}}</ref> Since March 2019, the [[People's Liberation Army]] has continuously conducted drills in the Taiwan Strait.<ref>{{Cite news |title=国台办：依法终身追责“台独”顽固分子 |publication-date=2021-05-12 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-05/12/c_1127437557.htm}}</ref> On April 30, 2021, R.O.C. Foreign Ministry spokesman Ou Jiang'an said that China's actions had jeopardized the security and status quo in the Taiwan Strait, and on May 12, 2021, [[Taiwan Affairs Office]] spokesman [[Zhu Fenglian]] said that "Taiwan independence" stubborn elements who malign the mainland and incite cross-strait confrontation will be severely punished and held accountable for life under the law. .... On November 5 of the same year, the Taiwan Affairs Office named Taiwan's Foreign Minister [[Joseph Wu]], Legislative President You [[You Si-kun]] and Executive President [[Su Tseng-chang]] as "Taiwan independence stubborn elements. In response, Wu said it was an honor, while Yau felt honored and thanked him, and Su said he was not intimidated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-08 |title=国台办公布“台独”惩戒 国民两党齐反对 |url=https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%8B%AC%E6%83%A9%E6%88%92-%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%A4%E5%85%9A%E9%BD%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9/a-59740329 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109233153/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%8B%AC%E6%83%A9%E6%88%92-%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%A4%E5%85%9A%E9%BD%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9/a-59740329 |archive-date=2021-11-09 |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=德国之声}}</ref>',
308 => '',
309 => 'On August 2, 2022, Speaker of the [[United States House of Representatives]] Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan and the PLA immediately conducted a series of [[2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan|military exercises around Taiwan]], firing several ballistic missiles.<ref>{{Cite web |author-link= |title=導彈飛越台灣上空、累計203架次共機侵擾 第4次台海危機恫嚇一次看 {{!}} ETtoday政治新聞 {{!}} ETtoday新聞雲 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20220808/2311627.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817234356/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20220808/2311627.htm |archive-date=2022-08-17 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=www.ettoday.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-08 |title=【台美日反制軍演】報復裴洛西訪台中國抓狂軍演 蔡政府聯手美日反制戰略曝光 |url=https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220808inv001/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821021138/https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220808inv001/ |archive-date=2022-08-21 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=鏡週刊 Mirror Media}}</ref> On August 10, 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-04 |title=共軍2小時射11枚飛彈！ 國防部：落在台灣3海域 |url=https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220804edi060/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814221859/https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220804edi060/ |archive-date=2022-08-14 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=鏡週刊 Mirror Media}}</ref> the [[Taiwan Affairs Office]] and the State Council Information Office jointly released the third White Paper on Taiwan, "[[The Taiwan Question and China's Reunification in the New Era]]" referring to the "One Country, Two Systems Taiwan Program" and the "Taiwan Special Administrative Region.<ref>{{Cite news |title=詳解第三份統一白皮書 北京發出「台灣特區」談判芻議原文網址: 詳解第三份統一白皮書 北京發出「台灣特區」談判芻議 |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F/802975/%E8%A9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%BD%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80-%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4%E8%8A%BB%E8%AD%B0 |access-date=2022-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814024152/https://www.hk01.com/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F/802975/%E8%A9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%BD%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80-%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4%E8%8A%BB%E8%AD%B0 |archive-date=2022-08-14}}</ref> On August 16, 2022, the Taiwan Affairs Office added [[Hsiao Bi-khim|Hsiao Bi-khimn]], Gu Li-hsiung, [[Tsai Chi-chang]], Ko Chien-ming, Lin Fei-fan, Chen Chiu-hwa, and Wang Dingyu to the list of recalcitrant Taiwan independence activists for sanctions.<ref>{{Cite news |title=中共中央台办发言人受权宣布对列入清单的一批“台独”顽固分子等人员实施制裁 |url=http://www.news.cn/politics/2022-08/16/c_1128918378.htm |access-date= |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref>',
310 => '',
311 => 'On April 7, 2023, [[Zhu Fenglian]], spokesperson for the Taiwan Affairs Office, said that the Vision Foundation and the Asian League for Freedom and Democracy have been peddling Taiwan independence ideas internationally and creating incidents that violate the [[One China]] principle, such as "one China, one Taiwan" and "[[two Chinas]]". The mainland side decided to ban the heads of the Vision Foundation and the Asian League for Freedom and Democracy from entering the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions, and to ban relevant mainland organizations and individuals from cooperating with them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-07 |title=国台办宣布对宣扬“台独”的有关机构予以惩戒 |url=https://www.yicai.com/news/101723952.html}}</ref>',
312 => '',
313 => '== See also ==',
314 => '{{Div col|colwidth=20em|content=* [[Foreign relations of imperial China]]',
315 => '* [[Second United Front]]',
316 => '* [[Fujian–Taiwan relationship]]',
317 => '* [[Cross-Strait relations]]}}',
318 => '',
319 => '== Notes ==',
320 => '<references group="Notes" />',
321 => '',
322 => '== References ==',
323 => '',
324 => '=== Citation ===',
325 => '<references />',
326 => '',
327 => '=== Source ===',
328 => '',
329 => '==== Books ====',
330 => '{{refbegin|30em}}',
331 => '* {{Citation |author1=屠薇君 |title=海峡两岸关系史（第1卷）：開發·融合 |date=2004-12-01 |url=https://www.amazon.cn/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6/dp/B00QUHQR5Y |editor=张春英 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042256/https://www.amazon.cn/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6/dp/B00QUHQR5Y |publisher=福建人民出版社 |isbn=7211046767 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |accessdate=2017-05-29}}',
332 => '* {{Citation |author1=馬德茂 |title=海峡两岸关系史（第2卷）：變亂·回歸 |date=2004 |editor=张春英 |publisher=福建人民出版社 |isbn=9787211043491 |author2=鄭保國 |author3=張鵬程}}',
333 => '* {{Citation |author=张春英 |title=海峡两岸关系史（第3卷）：內爭·對峙 |date=2004-12-01 |publisher=福建人民出版社 |isbn=9789867359902}}',
334 => '* {{Citation |author=张春英 |title=海峡两岸关系史（第4卷）：缓和·统一 |date=2004-12-01 |publisher=福建人民出版社 |isbn=7211044578}}',
335 => '* {{Citation |author1=[[林滿紅]] |title=四百年來的兩岸分合: 一個經貿史的回顧 |date=1994 |url=http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041159/http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53 |location=臺北 |publisher=自立晚報社文化出版部 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |ISBN=9575962885 |accessdate=2017-06-07}}',
336 => '* {{Citation |author1=梁華璜 |title=臺灣總督府的「對岸」政策研究：日據時代台閩關係史 |date=2001 |location=台北 |publisher=稻鄉出版社 |isbn=9579628777}}',
337 => '* {{Citation |author1=邵宗海 |title=兩岸關係－陳水扁的大陸政策 |date=2001-11-01 |location=台北 |publisher=生智出版社 |isbn=9789578183292}}',
338 => '* {{Citation |author1=邵宗海 |title=蔡英文時代的兩岸關係（2016-2020） |date=2017-02-25 |location=台北 |publisher=五南出版社 |isbn=9789571190068}}',
339 => '{{refend}}',
340 => '',
341 => '== External Links ==',
342 => '',
343 => '* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHlfuipK5_0 Cross-Strait Relations Interpreted Differently by Past Heads of State - MinTV News]'
] |
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<caption>History of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" title="Cross-Strait relations">cross-strait relations</a>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="4"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r997900035">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:280px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:280px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:280px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg" class="image" title="臺灣海峽 is located in China"><img alt="臺灣海峽 is located in China" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg/280px-China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="223" class="notpageimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg/420px-China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg/560px-China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1968" data-file-height="1567" /></a><div class="od" style="top:79.853%;left:79.742%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="臺灣海峽" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" title="臺灣海峽" width="8" height="8" class="notpageimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;right:5px"><div>臺灣海峽</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</th>
<th rowspan="5">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">West</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Coast</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">of the</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Strait</a>
</p>
</th>
<th>Period
</th>
<th>Major cross-strait
<p>events
</p>
</th>
<th><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">East Coast</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">of the Strait</a>
</p>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">dynasty</a>
</p>
</td>
<td>1281
</td>
<td>Establishment of
<p>Penghu Inspection
Division
</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="3">Taiwan
<p>Prehistory
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1349
</td>
<td>A Brief History of
<p>the Island of Yi
by Wang Dayuan
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Dynasty</a>
</p>
</td>
<td>1603
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chen_Di" title="Chen Di">Chen Di</a>'s book
<p>Dongfanji
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>1624
</td>
<td>Battle of
<p>Penghu
</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>Under
<p>Dutch
and
Spanish
Rule
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>1633
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Liaoluo_Bay" title="Battle of Liaoluo Bay">Battle of</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Liaoluo_Bay" title="Battle of Liaoluo Bay">Liaoluo Bay</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Ming" title="Southern Ming">Southern</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Ming" title="Southern Ming">Ming</a>
</p>
</td>
<td>1661
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Zeelandia" title="Siege of Fort Zeelandia">Siege of Fort Zeelandia</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="3"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Ming Cheng.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Kingdom of</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Tungning</a>
</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="25">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="8"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Dynasty</a>
</p>
</td>
<td>1667
</td>
<td>Ding Wei floating
<p>man incident
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1683
</td>
<td>Penghu Sea Battle
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1684
</td>
<td>Establishment of Taiwan
</td>
<td rowspan="4"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Dynasty</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1731
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ta-Chia-hsi_revolt" title="Ta-Chia-hsi revolt">Ta-Chia-hsi revolt</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1840
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1885
</td>
<td>Taiwan is founded
<p>as a province
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1895
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="4"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Japan</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1900
</td>
<td>Xiamen Events
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beiyang_government" title="Beiyang government"><img alt="Beiyang government" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of the Republic of China.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">of China</a>
</p>
</td>
<td>1911
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1943
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1943_Cairo_Declaration" title="1943 Cairo Declaration">1943 Cairo Declaration</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1945
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a>Takeover of Taiwan
<p>and Penghu
</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="14"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of the Republic of China.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1947
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_28_incident" title="February 28 incident">February 28 incident</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="12"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>
</td>
<td>1949
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" title="Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">Relocation of the</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" title="Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">National Government</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1978
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Chinese economic reform</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1979
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Crisis</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1987
</td>
<td>Open cross-strait
<p>family visits
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1993
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wang%E2%80%93Koo_summit" title="Wang–Koo summit">Wang–Koo summit</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1996
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Third Taiwan Strait Crisis</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2001
</td>
<td>Cross-strait
<p>implementation
of the Little Three Way
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2010
</td>
<td>Cross-strait signing of
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Framework_Agreement" title="Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement">ECFA</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2014
</td>
<td>Disputes over the Trade
<p>and Services Census
</p><p>The Sunflower Movement
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2015
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" title="Ma–Xi meeting">Ma–Xi meeting</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2022
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Chinese_military_exercises_around_Taiwan" title="2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan">2022 Chinese military</a>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Chinese_military_exercises_around_Taiwan" title="2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan">exercises around Taiwan</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Present
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The History of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait Relations</a> introduces the historical changes in the relationship between China and Taiwan since the beginning of time. Suspected records of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">history of China</a> date back to the earliest times when <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yizhou_(island)" title="Yizhou (island)">Yizhou (island)</a> was mentioned in the "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Records_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Records of the Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a>" or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liuqiu_(medieval)" title="Liuqiu (medieval)">Liuqiu</a> in the "<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Book_of_Sui" title="Book of Sui">Book of Sui</a></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> During the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> and Yuan dynasties, there was trade between the two sides of the Strait, and in 1281, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> established the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu</a> Inspection Division, which began to exercise administrative jurisdiction over Penghu, and in 1349, Wang Dayuan documented in Island Yi Zhi Lu that Penghu belonged to Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, and that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liuqiu_(medieval)" title="Liuqiu (medieval)">Liuqiu</a> was one of the overseas countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup>The "Dongfan Ji" written by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chen_Di" title="Chen Di">Chen Di</a> in the Ming Dynasty depicts the customs of the aborigines in southwest Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a></sup> Since the 1620s, cross-strait relations have been influenced by the Dutch, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spanish</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchus</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a>, and mainland China and Taiwan have either unified or separated, with ups and downs.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1945, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War ll</a> ended and the Republic of China took over Taiwan. Cross-strait relations developed in a tortuous manner in response to changes in the domestic and international situation. In the second <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a>, the Nationalist Army led by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> was defeated by the Liberation Army led by the Chinese Communists. In 1949, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> was established and gradually took control of the entire Chinese mainland. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">The Republic of China</a>, on the other hand, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" title="Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">retreated</a> to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a>, Penghu, Jinma, and other islands. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> tried to liberate Taiwan, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> prepared to counter-attack the mainland. A military confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait began and many armed clashes took place.
</p><p>After the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">People's Republic of China</a> replaced the Republic of China (ROC) as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">permanent member of the United Nations Security Council</a> in 1971, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">foreign relations of Taiwan</a> were limited. On January 1, 1979, the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations with the United States and at the same time announced the end of the shelling of Kinmen and proposed a policy of peaceful reunification and one country, two systems.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> In 1987, after the Republic of China lifted the curfew and opened up cross-strait family visits, cross-strait relations became smoother. But in 1995, when President Lee Teng-hui visited the United States, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">cross-strait relations became tense again</a>. After entering the 21st century, the economic relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait became quite close, and, in 2018, when the KMT returned to power in Taiwan, cross-strait relations eased.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" title="Ma–Xi meeting">The meeting of the top leaders</a> across the Taiwan Strait in Singapore in 2015 was seen as a major breakthrough in the history of cross-strait relations. And since the return of the Democratic Progressive Party to power in 2016, cross-strait relations have become tense again.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Historical_Stages"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Historical Stages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Ancient_Times"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Ancient Times</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Period_of_the_Three_Kingdoms_(suspected)"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Period of the Three Kingdoms (suspected)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Sui_and_Tang_dynasties_(suspected)"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sui and Tang dynasties (suspected)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Song_and_Yuan_dynasties"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Song and Yuan dynasties</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Pre-Ming_Dynasty"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Pre-Ming Dynasty</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Modern_times"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Modern times</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Japanese_invasion_and_Ming_Dynasty_defense"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Japanese invasion and Ming Dynasty defense</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Dutch,_Western_and_Han_Chinese_in_Taiwan"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dutch, Western and Han Chinese in Taiwan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Zheng_Chenggong_fights_back_against_the_Dutch"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Zheng Chenggong fights back against the Dutch</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Qing_Dynasty_included_Taiwan_in_its_map"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Qing Dynasty included Taiwan in its map</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Governance_of_Taiwan_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Governance of Taiwan in the late Qing Dynasty</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Qing_Dynasty_ceded_Taiwan_to_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Qing Dynasty ceded Taiwan to Japan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#The_Republic_of_China_takes_over_Taiwan"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">The Republic of China takes over Taiwan</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#The_present_age"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">The present age</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Military_Confrontation"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Military Confrontation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#De-escalating_communication"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">De-escalating communication</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Conscious_Opposition"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Conscious Opposition</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Reciprocal_Consultation"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Reciprocal Consultation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Current_Status_of_Taiwan_Strait"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Current Status of Taiwan Strait</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Citation"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Citation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Source"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Source</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#Books"><span class="tocnumber">7.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#External_Links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External Links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_Stages">Historical Stages</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical Stages">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>There is no universally accepted standard regarding the beginning of cross-strait relations or historical chronology. In his book "History of Cross-Strait Relations," Professor Zhang Chunying, Deputy Director of the Institute of Taiwan Studies at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhongnan_University_of_Economics_and_Law" title="Zhongnan University of Economics and Law">Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,</a> divides the history of cross-strait relations into four periods: the first stage is from the prehistoric period to the Dutch occupation of Taiwan in the 1620s; the second stage is the period from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Dutch</a>, Ming Zheng, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan_under_Qing_rule" title="Taiwan under Qing rule">Qing</a> and Japanese rule of Taiwan to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Taiwan (1945–present)">takeover of Taiwan</a> by the Republic of China in 1945; the third stage is the cross-strait military confrontation formed after the withdrawal of the central government of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> in 1949; the fourth stage is the end of the military confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait since the 1980s and the de-escalation and development of relations.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> Professor Shao Zonghai of the Institute of Zhongshan and Mainland China Studies at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_Culture_University" title="Chinese Culture University">Chinese Culture University</a> divides the history of cross-strait relations after 1949 into five periods: military confrontation, legal disputes, exchange and détente, ideological confrontation, and reciprocal consultation.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Ancient_Times">Ancient Times</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient Times">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span id="Period_of_the_Three_Kingdoms_.28suspected.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Period_of_the_Three_Kingdoms_(suspected)">Period of the Three Kingdoms (suspected)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Period of the Three Kingdoms (suspected)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92(%E7%B9%81).png" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%28%E7%B9%81%29.png/220px-%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%28%E7%B9%81%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%28%E7%B9%81%29.png/330px-%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%28%E7%B9%81%29.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%28%E7%B9%81%29.png/440px-%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%28%E7%B9%81%29.png 2x" data-file-width="935" data-file-height="964" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92(%E7%B9%81).png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Some scholars believe that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yizhou_(island)" title="Yizhou (island)">Yizhou</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> was Taiwan, but the view is controversial</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png/220px-%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png/330px-%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png/440px-%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="1047" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Southern Song Dynasty with Penghu and Liuqiu</div></div></div>
<p>The Chinese history book, "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Records_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Records of the Three Kingdoms">Records of the Three Kingdoms</a> - Wu Zhi" records that in the first month of spring in the second year of Huanglong (230), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a> sent generals Wei Wen and Zhu Ge Zhi with 10,000 soldiers to cross the sea from Zhang'an in Linhai County in search of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yizhou_(island)" title="Yizhou (island)">Yizhou</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> and thousands of them landed on Yizhou and returned.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> In addition, the book "Linhai Water and Land" written by Shen Ying, the governor of Danyang in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a>, records that Yizhou is 2,000 miles southeast of Linhai County, where "the land is free of frost and snow,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[Notes 1]</a></sup> and the grass and trees do not die; on all sides are mountains, where many mountain barbarians live."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></sup> Some scholars believe that Yizhou refers to Taiwan, but there is controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="Sui_and_Tang_dynasties_.28suspected.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Sui_and_Tang_dynasties_(suspected)">Sui and Tang dynasties (suspected)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sui and Tang dynasties (suspected)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>According to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Book_of_Sui" title="Book of Sui">Book of Sui</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liuqiu_(medieval)" title="Liuqiu (medieval)">Liuqiu</a> was located on a sea island, east of Jian'an County, and could be reached by boat in five days.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[Notes 2]</a></sup> There is also a record of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emperor_Yang_of_Sui" title="Emperor Yang of Sui">Emperor Yang of Sui</a> sending troops to attack Liuqiu, three times in total. The first time was in 607, but because of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a> barrier, only one person was "swept away and returned".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a></sup> The following year, Zhu Kuan made a second attack, but they only "took his armor and returned".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a></sup> The third time was in 610, when Chen Rong and Zhang Zhenzhou led an army and captured thousands of men and women, and returned. Some scholars believe that the Riuqui Kingdom recorded in the Sui Shu is today's Taiwan, but others believe that the Riuqui Kingdom refers to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Song_and_Yuan_dynasties">Song and Yuan dynasties</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Song and Yuan dynasties">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In 1171, Wang Dayou was the governor of Quanzhou, an area under the jurisdiction of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Xiaozong of Song">Emperor Xiaozong</a>, who had an island called Penghu, where many Han Chinese lived.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a></sup> In order to prevent harassment, every year when the south wind rose, Wang Dayou sent troops to defend,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a></sup> costing the army money, but it was still too much to handle.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a></sup> So he built 200 houses and dispatched generals to reside in them.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a></sup> There are few records about the cross-strait trade during the Song and Yuan dynasties, but from the large number of ceramics excavated during the Song and Yuan dynasties,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a></sup> Penghu should have been an important stopover for the foreign trade of mainland China at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a></sup> According to the records, during the Song and Yuan dynasties, iron was a high-priced commodity in Taiwan, and the aborigines in Taiwan often had to wait for merchant ships from mainland China to dock and exchange food for iron from the people on board.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a></sup> In his "Journal of the East of the Sea", Zhu Jingying of the Qing Dynasty said that he had received hundreds of Song money at the Chiayi port.
</p><p>In 1281, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> sent an envoy to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">invade Japan</a>, and most of his ships were sunk by a typhoon, and the remnants drifted to the west coast of Taiwan and Penghu.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-30">[28]</a></sup> In 1292, Yuan Shizu sent an ambassador to appease Liuqiu,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a></sup> but after arriving, he could not speak the language with the locals and returned without success.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-32">[30]</a></sup> In the third year of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tem%C3%BCr_Khan" title="Temür Khan">Temür Khan</a>'s reign (1297), Fujian Province's Pingshang Minister of State was pleased to send provincial governor Zhang Hao and Fuzhou's new army Zhang Jin to the Ryukyu Kingdom,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-32">[30]</a></sup> capturing more than 130 people and returning.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a></sup> In the first month of the next year, the captured Ryukyu people were released and asked to submit to the Yuan Dynasty, but nothing happened after that. In 1330 and 1337, Wang Dayuan left from Quanzhou twice to trade with other countries. He recorded in the "Island Yi Zhi Lu" that Penghu belonged to Jinjiang County of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a>, and Ryukyu was one of the overseas countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pre-Ming_Dynasty">Pre-Ming Dynasty</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pre-Ming Dynasty">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In 1384, the Ming dynasty abolished the Penghu inspection division, and in 1563 the Penghu inspection division was reinstated to send troops to guard.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a></sup> It is recorded in the "Dongfanji" that Zheng He visited Taiwan during his expedition in the early years of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yongle" title="Yongle">Yongle</a>, when the Dongfangyi (aborigines of Taiwan) hid and did not want to obey the restrictions, so Zheng He gave each family a brass bell to tie around their necks.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a></sup> The bronze bell was treated as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ming_treasure_voyages" title="Ming treasure voyages">treasure</a> by them. During the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xuande" title="Xuande">Xuande</a> period, Zheng He's fleet went to Taiwan to draw water at the head of Dajingfang, and he also threw medicine into the water to heal the sicknesses of the local indigenous people.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a></sup> In the 42nd year of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jiajing" title="Jiajing">Jiajing</a> (1563), Lin Daoqian, a pirate of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a> origin, gathered against the Ming Dynasty and was pursued by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yu_Dayou" title="Yu Dayou">Yu Dayou</a>, the Ming Governor, and fled to Taiwan to settle in Jigong via Penghu.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a></sup> He led hundreds of followers and enslaved the aborigines in Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-30">[28]</a></sup> The Aborigines were so angry that they agreed to kill <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lin_Daoqian" title="Lin Daoqian">Lin Daoqian</a>, but the news leaked out and they were killed by Lin Daoqian in a night attack. After Lin Daoqian, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Limahong" title="Limahong">Limahong</a>, the leader of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a> pirates, was chased by Hu Shouren, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a>'s chief soldier, in 1574 and fled to Penghu, and then to Taiwan's Sprite Harbor (Bajang Xi Kou) as his base.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a></sup> When Hu Shouren sent an order to the pirates to attack, Lin Feng and the others fled.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Modern_times">Modern times</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern times">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Japanese_invasion_and_Ming_Dynasty_defense">Japanese invasion and Ming Dynasty defense</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Japanese invasion and Ming Dynasty defense">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%E9%A1%8F%E6%80%9D%E9%BD%8A%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91.JPG" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%E9%A1%8F%E6%80%9D%E9%BD%8A%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91.JPG/220px-%E9%A1%8F%E6%80%9D%E9%BD%8A%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%E9%A1%8F%E6%80%9D%E9%BD%8A%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91.JPG/330px-%E9%A1%8F%E6%80%9D%E9%BD%8A%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%E9%A1%8F%E6%80%9D%E9%BD%8A%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91.JPG/440px-%E9%A1%8F%E6%80%9D%E9%BD%8A%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%E9%A1%8F%E6%80%9D%E9%BD%8A%E9%96%8B%E6%8B%93%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The monument to the landing of Yan Siqi in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beigang,_Yunlin" title="Beigang, Yunlin">Beigang</a></div></div></div>
<p>According to Shen Yourong, a Ming coast guard general, who wrote in the "Minhai Gift", he had "entered Dongfan three times to destroy the Japanese and drive away the Dutch".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a></sup> In July of 1602, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wokou" title="Wokou">Wokou</a> plundered the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang, and then fled to Dongfan as their lair.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a></sup> On the one hand, Fujian Quanzhou defender Shen Youyong Duji sent people to scout the enemy, understand the climate, wind direction and sea current, build ships, train troops and store food. In the winter of the same year, Zhu Yunchang, the governor of Fujian, issued a secret order to "fight against the Japanese in the East" and Shen Youyong led 24 ships across the sea to Taiwan and defeated the Japanese. He burned and sank 6 Japanese ships, beheaded 15 heads and took back more than 370 captives. Shen Youyong was stationed in Da Ren for more than 20 days, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chen_Di" title="Chen Di">Chen Di</a>, who was accompanying him, wrote the article "Dongfan Ji" based on the customs of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="Dutch.2C_Western_and_Han_Chinese_in_Taiwan"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Dutch,_Western_and_Han_Chinese_in_Taiwan">Dutch, Western and Han Chinese in Taiwan</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dutch, Western and Han Chinese in Taiwan">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Dutch_and_Spanish_Taiwan_zh-hans.svg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Dutch_and_Spanish_Taiwan_zh-hans.svg/220px-Dutch_and_Spanish_Taiwan_zh-hans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Dutch_and_Spanish_Taiwan_zh-hans.svg/330px-Dutch_and_Spanish_Taiwan_zh-hans.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Dutch_and_Spanish_Taiwan_zh-hans.svg/440px-Dutch_and_Spanish_Taiwan_zh-hans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="720" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Dutch_and_Spanish_Taiwan_zh-hans.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Mainland China on the west coast of the strait was the Ming Dynasty, and the island of Taiwan on the east coast of the strait was ruled by Dutch, Spanish and aboriginal regimes</div></div></div>
<p>In 1604, when the Dutchman Wei Malang occupied <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu</a>, Shen Youyong, the Ming Dynasty's chief minister of Wuzhou, led 50 ships (about 2,000 men) to Penghu and asked Wei Malang to leave. Due to the disparity in strength between the two sides, Wei Malang left Penghu on December 15 and went to Taiwan to find a stronghold.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a></sup> This incident is recorded on the monument of Shen Youyong's advice to the retreat of the Red Maoists in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penghu_Tianhou_Temple" title="Penghu Tianhou Temple">Penghu Tianhou Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-43">[41]</a></sup> In 1622, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jan_Pieterszoon_Coen" title="Jan Pieterszoon Coen">Jan Pieterszoon Coen</a>, the governor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, sent Lei Yosheng to Penghu and established <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fengguiwei_Fort" title="Fengguiwei Fort">Fengguiwei Fort</a> as a trading base.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a></sup> In 1624, Ming General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yu_Dayou" title="Yu Dayou">Yu Dayou</a> led an army to surround the Dutch and after eight months of fierce battle, the Dutch evacuated Penghu and moved to Taiwan to set up <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Zeelandia_(Taiwan)" title="Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)">Fort Zeelandia</a> as a base.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-43">[41]</a></sup> The Dutch East India Company recruited Han Chinese from the coast of Fujian Province of China and Penghu to cultivate in Taiwan, and many of them later settled in Taiwan. The genealogy of the Yan clan in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anhai" title="Anhai">Anhai</a> and the genealogy of the Guo clan in Fenyang, and Dongshi both contain records of the migration of families into Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to legend, in 1621, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pedro_Yan_Shiqi" title="Pedro Yan Shiqi">Pedro Yan Shiqi</a>, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a> citizen, came to Taiwan from Nagasaki, Japan, and set up a fortress in the area of Zhu Luo Mountain, engaging in farming, hunting, and trading activities. When the news spread back to the mainland, it attracted a large number of poor people from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou to come across the sea and join them, numbering as many as 3,000 people. In 1625 Yan Shiqi died of illness, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zheng_Zhilong" title="Zheng Zhilong">Zheng Zhilong</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koxinga" title="Koxinga">Koxinga</a>'s father) succeeded him.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[Notes 3]</a></sup> In 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen) in September, Zheng Zhilong was recruited by the Ming court and returned to the mainland with more than 30,000 men and more than 1,000 ships as the "Five Tiger Guerrilla General" and was stationed in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anhai" title="Anhai">Anhai</a>. During the Fujian disaster, Zheng Zhilong sent tens of thousands of starving people to Taiwan to earn a living, and the related expenses were then returned to Zheng Zhilong in the form of rent and taxes. In addition, Zheng Zhilong broke the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haijin" title="Haijin">Haijin</a> and almost monopolized the trade between the coast of mainland China and Taiwan, Macau, Japan, and the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1626, the Spaniard Vardes led a fleet of ships from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines, along the east coast of Taiwan to Keelung Island in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keelung" title="Keelung">Keelung City</a> to establish the city of San Salvador as the center of rule.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a></sup> Although the Spaniards were not allowed to start official trade with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a>, they attracted smugglers to do business in Jilong by exempting them from customs duties, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariff</a>, and even entry inspection.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1633 (the sixth year of Chongzhen), the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> used Taiwan as a base to blockade and plunder the coast of Fujian on the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a></sup> The Ming navy under the leadership of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zheng_Zhilong" title="Zheng Zhilong">Zheng Zhilong</a> defeated the Dutch East India Company and the pirate alliance, which is known as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Liaoluo_Bay" title="Battle of Liaoluo Bay">Battle of Liaoluo Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a></sup>The Han Chinese in Taiwan also rebelled against Dutch rule, the better known being the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guo_Huaiyi_rebellion" title="Guo Huaiyi rebellion">Guo Huaiyi rebellion</a> in 1652.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a></sup> At that time, 4,000 to 5,000 Han Chinese participated, about a quarter of the total number of Han Chinese in Taiwan, and were suppressed after 12 days, with 3,000 to 4,000 Han Chinese dead.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a></sup>
</p><p>The territory of Taiwan is described in the "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Ming" title="History of Ming">History of Ming</a> Dynasty" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhang_Tingyu" title="Zhang Tingyu">Zhang Tingyu</a> of the Qing Dynasty as "its land, from the north to the highest peak in the south, can be more than 1,000 miles; in the east from Doroman, in the west to Wangcheng, can be more than 900 miles".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a></sup> It is worth noting that Jigong, together with Ryukyu, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, was included in the chapter of "The Fourth of the Two Hundred and Eleven Foreign Countries", which was not included in the Ming Dynasty's territory.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Zheng_Chenggong_fights_back_against_the_Dutch">Zheng Chenggong fights back against the Dutch</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Zheng Chenggong fights back against the Dutch">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Ming" title="Southern Ming">Southern Ming</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Kingdom of Tungning</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Chikan_Tower_-_Dutch_surrender_statue.jpg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Chikan_Tower_-_Dutch_surrender_statue.jpg/220px-Chikan_Tower_-_Dutch_surrender_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Chikan_Tower_-_Dutch_surrender_statue.jpg/330px-Chikan_Tower_-_Dutch_surrender_statue.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Chikan_Tower_-_Dutch_surrender_statue.jpg/440px-Chikan_Tower_-_Dutch_surrender_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3214" data-file-height="2318" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Chikan_Tower_-_Dutch_surrender_statue.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Statue of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch people</a> surrendering to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koxinga" title="Koxinga">Koxinga</a></div></div></div>
<p>In 1644, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a> fell, and the Ming clans of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhu_Yousong" title="Zhu Yousong">Zhu Yousong</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhu_Yihai" title="Zhu Yihai">Zhu Yihai</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhu_Yujian" title="Zhu Yujian">Zhu Yujian</a> established the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Ming" title="Southern Ming">Southern Ming</a> regime. Among them, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhu_Yujian" title="Zhu Yujian">Zhu Yujian</a> of Tang was crowned emperor by the brothers Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Hongkui in 1645 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a></sup> In 1646, the Qing army entered Fujian, Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and Zheng Chenggong left for Kinmen.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[Notes 4]</a></sup> In 1647, Zheng Chenggong formally swore to rebel against the Qing Dynasty under the name of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_of_Zhu" title="House of Zhu">House of Zhu</a> and recruited and claimed the surname of the sinful subjects of the great general, and fought for more than ten years in the southeast coast of the mainland, and helped the Ming clan and the people to cross the sea and settle in Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a></sup> Since the Dutch often robbed Chinese merchant ships, Zheng Chenggong warned the Dutch twice between the tenth (1656) and fourteenth (1660) years of the Yongli era to stop robbing merchant ships or they would not trade with them.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-59">[55]</a></sup> In April 1661, Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships into Taiwan under the name of "Great General of the Ming Recruiting Army" and forced the Dutch East India Company to sign a contract of surrender on February 1, 1662, after the Battle of Jelanzai.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a></sup> Zheng Chenggong set up Chengtianfu in Taiwan and tried to rebel against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, but he died soon afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a></sup> After Cheng Cheng succeeded to the throne, due to the fear of insufficient legitimacy of his rule, he welcomed the Great Ming King of Ningjing, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zheng_Jing" title="Zheng Jing">Zheng Jing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a></sup> from Kinmen to Taiwan in 1663 and renamed Taiwan as Dongning, still serving the Ming dynasty in name and setting up the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tainan_Confucian_Temple" title="Tainan Confucian Temple">Tainan Confucian Temple</a> in 1665.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a></sup>
</p><p>On April 21, 1674, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geng_Jingzhong" title="Geng Jingzhong">Geng Jingzhong</a>, the King of Jingnan of the Qing Dynasty, rose against the Qing Dynasty and invited Zheng Jing across the sea for a western expedition. After <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zheng_Jing" title="Zheng Jing">Zheng Jing</a> crossed the sea, he asked Geng Jingzhong to claim <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a> and Quanzhou, but after being refused, he sent troops to occupy Haicheng and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tong%27an_District" title="Tong'an District">Tong'an District</a>, and the two sides began to fight. In 1675, Geng Jingzhong negotiated with Zheng Jing to settle the war with Fengting as the boundary, the north belonged to Geng and the south to Zheng. In 1676, Zheng Jing defeated the Pingnan King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shang_Zhixin" title="Shang Zhixin">Shang Zhixin</a> and occupied <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a>. After Zheng Jing had the four state capitals of Zhang, Quan, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a>, and Huizhou, he captured Tingzhou, and Geng Jingzhong had to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. After Geng Jingzhong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Jing, who faced the Qing army alone, was defeated and finally retreated to Xiamen.
</p><p>In 1677, the Qing Dynasty started peace talks with Zheng Jing again, and Prince Kang of the Qing Dynasty promised in a letter that if Zheng Jing retreated from the islands off the coast of China, he would promise to make Dongning a vassal of the Qing Dynasty in the same way as Korea, and to trade with Dongning without suspicion forever.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-64">[60]</a></sup> In 1678, a letter from the Qing general Lai Ta to Zheng Jing claimed that if Zheng's army was willing to retreat to Taiwan, then Zheng could stay in Taiwan forever, with the same status as Joseon and Japan, without having to shave his hair and change his clothes, and pay tribute to his subjects all by his own will.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a></sup> In 1680, Zheng Jing was defeated and retreated from Xiamen to Taiwan. On March 17, 1681, when Zheng Jing died, the important officer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Feng_Xifan" title="Feng Xifan">Feng Xifan</a> killed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zheng_Kezang" title="Zheng Kezang">Zheng Kezang</a> and established his brother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zheng_Keshuang" title="Zheng Keshuang">Zheng Keshuang</a>, which led to the deterioration of the state and the disintegration of the people.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-64">[60]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:1894_Taiwan.svg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1894_Taiwan.svg/220px-1894_Taiwan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1894_Taiwan.svg/330px-1894_Taiwan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1894_Taiwan.svg/440px-1894_Taiwan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:1894_Taiwan.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The administrative boundaries of Taiwan Province in Fujian in 1894, with the uncontrolled territories in black and the claimed control of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taitung_Prefecture" title="Taitung Prefecture">Taitung Prefecture</a> in gray</div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Qing_Dynasty_included_Taiwan_in_its_map">Qing Dynasty included Taiwan in its map</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Qing Dynasty included Taiwan in its map">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qin%27s_wars_of_unification" title="Qin's wars of unification">Qin's wars of unification</a></div>
<p>On July 10, 1683 (the 22nd year of Kangxi), the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> of the Qing Dynasty sent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shi_Lang" title="Shi Lang">Shi Lang</a> to attack Taiwan with more than 20,000 troops and 200 ships on land and water. After seven days of fierce fighting, the elite of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zheng_Keshuang" title="Zheng Keshuang">Zheng Keshuang</a>'s army was completely wiped out.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a></sup> On July 20, the King of Ningjing, Zhu Jungui, committed suicide and martyred himself, while Zheng Ke-chiao formally submitted his surrender on September 17, and on October 3, Qing troops entered Taiwan to accept the surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-59">[55]</a></sup> In the following year, Taiwan was established as Taiwan Prefecture, which was under the jurisdiction of Taiwan, Fengshan and Zhu Luo counties, and was subordinate to Taixia Province of Fujian Province, and promulgated the "Rules of Taiwan for the Investigation of Exile" to strictly control the number of mainland Han Chinese crossing into Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a></sup> At the early stage of the establishment of Taiwan, the Qing court authorized the Fujian governor to transfer officials from the mainland of Fujian Province to Taiwan from each other. Therefore, most of the officials in Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty were from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-68">[64]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1721, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhu_Yigui" title="Zhu Yigui">Zhu Yigui</a> made himself king of Taiwan and named his country "Da Ming", but he was soon destroyed by the Qing army, and in late 1731 (the ninth year of the Yongzheng era of the Qing Dynasty), the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taokas_people" title="Taokas people">Taokas people</a>, the aborigines of Taiwan, launched an armed resistance against the government. Hao Yulin, the acting governor of Fujian at that time, sent Wang County, the chief soldier of Taiwan, to supervise the conquest, and more than 6,000 soldiers were recruited from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> to conquer Taiwan. The incident lasted for seven months, and finally, the chiefs of Taiwan surrendered at the head of the army.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a></sup> Thirteen chiefs, including Lin Li, were executed in accordance with the Qing law, and the Shalong chief was found guilty of abetting the conspiracy and was sentenced to death.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a></sup>
</p><p>After the Qing court ruled Taiwan, trade between Taiwan and the mainland became more prosperous. At that time, Taiwan's main exports were rice, deer skins, and sugar, and imports were textiles, herbs, and other daily necessities, and the three main trading ports were Fucheng (now Tainan Anping), Lugang (now Changhua Lugang), and Monga (now Taipei Wanhua). The common name "One Fu, Two Lu and Three Monga" describes the most prosperous trading ports during this period. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of immigrants came to Taiwan, and there were many conflicts of interest between the first and second arriving groups.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a></sup> For example, there were Min-Yue armed battles between the He-lo people of Fujian and the Hakka and Chaozhou people of Guangdong; Quan-Zhang armed battles between the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a> and Zhangzhou people of Fujian; and Xipi-Fulu armed battles between the Xiqu schools.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a></sup> However, there were also collaborations among the various ethnic groups in Taiwan during this period. For example, in 1796, when Wu Sha was reclaiming Clam Chai, there were Zhang, Quan and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a> who joined the reclamation.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Governance_of_Taiwan_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty">Governance of Taiwan in the late Qing Dynasty</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Governance of Taiwan in the late Qing Dynasty">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>After the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a> in 1860, the Qing government agreed to open Taiwan to trade in Anping and Danshui, and soon opened the two ports of Dog and Jidong. 1874, Japan sent troops to Taiwan to create the Mudangsha Incident. 1875, the Qing government sent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shen_Baozhen" title="Shen Baozhen">Shen Baozhen</a> as the Minister of the Imperial Household to Taiwan for inspection, and transferred 6,500 men from Tang Dingkui's army stationed in Xuzhou to Taiwan for garrisoning. In the end, it was settled by the signing of the Beijing Treaty between China and Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a></sup> This diplomatic incident prompted the Qing court to lift the ban on mainland Chinese people crossing to Taiwan for cultivation, and Taiwan was fully opened up.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sino-French_War" title="Sino-French War">Sino-French War</a> in 1884, French Admiral Lupo occupied Keelung, attacked Danshui, blocked the Taiwan Strait, and harassed the Chinese coastal provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a></sup> On July 29, 1885, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zuo_Zongtang" title="Zuo Zongtang">Zuo Zongtang</a> explained the reasons for the rapid transformation of Taiwan into a province in his "Request for the transfer of the governor of Fujian to Taiwan to take charge of Taiwan's defense".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a></sup> In October of the same year,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a></sup> the Qing court established the Fujian Province of Taiwan to control the former Fujian Province of Taiwan and Taipei Province.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a></sup> During his tenure as governor of Taiwan,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-68">[64]</a></sup> Liu Ming Chuan expanded the number of provinces, created new counties,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a></sup> and promoted a series of foreign affairs reforms, making Taiwan the most modernized province in the Qing Empire at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%E3%80%8A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AD%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%99%AF.jpg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%E3%80%8A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AD%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%99%AF.jpg/220px-%E3%80%8A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AD%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%99%AF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%E3%80%8A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AD%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%99%AF.jpg/330px-%E3%80%8A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AD%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%99%AF.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%E3%80%8A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AD%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%99%AF.jpg/440px-%E3%80%8A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AD%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%99%AF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5170" data-file-height="3233" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%E3%80%8A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AD%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%99%AF.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Japanese drawing of the signing of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a></div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Qing_Dynasty_ceded_Taiwan_to_Japan">Qing Dynasty ceded Taiwan to Japan</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Qing Dynasty ceded Taiwan to Japan">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan under Japanese rule</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ando_Rikichi_surrender.jpg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ando_Rikichi_surrender.jpg/220px-Ando_Rikichi_surrender.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ando_Rikichi_surrender.jpg/330px-Ando_Rikichi_surrender.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ando_Rikichi_surrender.jpg/440px-Ando_Rikichi_surrender.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="401" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ando_Rikichi_surrender.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>On October 25, 1945, at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhongshan_Hall" title="Zhongshan Hall">Zhongshan Hall</a>, General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rikichi_And%C5%8D" title="Rikichi Andō">Rikichi Andō</a> signed and stamped on the Receipt of Order No. 1 of General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chen_Yi_(Kuomintang)" title="Chen Yi (Kuomintang)">Chen Yi</a>'s Department, and then passed it to General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chen_Yi_(Kuomintang)" title="Chen Yi (Kuomintang)">Chen Yi</a> via General Haruki Kikeyama</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing Dynasty</a> was defeated by Japan in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">Sino-Japanese War</a> and signed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a> on April 17, 1895, ceding Taiwan and Penghu to Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-68">[64]</a></sup> The news reached Taiwan, and the then governor of Taiwan, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tang_Jingsong" title="Tang Jingsong">Tang Jingsong</a>, issued the "Declaration of Independence of Taiwan Democracy" on May 25, but still held the Qing Dynasty as the suzerain state.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a></sup> on June 2, both Qing and Japan completed the handover of Taiwan,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a></sup> and the Japanese army entered Tainan on October 21 to exterminate the regime of Taiwan Democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a></sup> Taiwan became a Japanese colony and a base for the Japanese invasion of mainland China.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a></sup> The Taiwan Governorate, as the vanguard of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese Empire</a>'s implementation of its southward policy, formulated policies specifically for Fujian and carried out cultural infiltration by founding schools, setting up hospitals, building shrines and operating newspapers on the mainland, which had a profound impact on the development of modern Fujian society.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a></sup>
</p><p>Around 1896, the then governor of Taiwan, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kodama_Gentar%C5%8D" title="Kodama Gentarō">Kodama Gentarō</a>, sent the then abbot of Lanyang Temple in Yilan, Taiwan, Venerable Gasshohiro to Xiamen to preach. On August 24, 1900, the temple was burned down and on August 25, the Japanese governor of Taiwan sent an army to cross the sea and prepare to occupy Xiamen. The Western powers reacted strongly, and the British, Germans, Americans and Russians all brought their warships into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Xiamen" title="Port of Xiamen">Port of Xiamen</a>, and the British marines landed in the British Concession. This is known as the "Xiamen Incident" in history.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a></sup>
</p><p>After the founding of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> in 1912, Taiwan's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chiang_Wei-shui" title="Chiang Wei-shui">Chiang Wei-Shui</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tu_Tsung-ming" title="Tu Tsung-ming">Tu Tsung-ming</a> and Weng Chun-Ming joined the Taiwan branch of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tongmenghui" title="Tongmenghui">Tongmenghui</a> one after another.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a></sup> 1928 saw the establishment of the Taiwan Communist Party in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shanghai_French_Concession" title="Shanghai French Concession">Shanghai French Concession</a> under the guidance of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>, which advocated the overthrow of Japanese rule in Taiwan and the establishment of the Taiwan Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a></sup> After September 1931, the Taiwan Communist Party ceased operations due to the arrest and imprisonment of a large number of party members. In 1934 and 1936, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fujian_Provincial_Government" title="Fujian Provincial Government">Fujian provincial government</a> twice organized delegations to Taiwan for inspection. when Japanese rule over Taiwan began in 1895, Taiwan's economy was not yet as large as that of Fujian. However, after nearly 40 years of Japanese operation, Taiwan had far surpassed Fujian. Therefore, the Taiwan Study Tour Report recommended Fujian learn from Taiwan's economic model.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a></sup>
</p><p>After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Taiwanese civilians living in China, under the leadership of Li Youbang, formed the Taiwan Volunteer Force to fight against Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a></sup> On February 23, 1938, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soviet_Volunteer_Group" title="Soviet Volunteer Group">Soviet Volunteer Group</a> bombed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taihoku_Air_Strike" title="Taihoku Air Strike">Taihoku Air Strike</a> in Taipei in the name of the First Brigade of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force" title="Republic of China Air Force">Republic of China Air Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a></sup> on December 9, 1941, the National Government of the Republic of China officially declared war on Japan and declared all treaties against Japan null and void.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a></sup> On November 25, 1943, the 14th Air Force of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> in China and the First Brigade of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese-American_Composite_Wing_(Provisional)" title="Chinese-American Composite Wing (Provisional)">Chinese-American Composite Wing</a> launched 14 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">B-25</a> bombers from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suichuan_County" title="Suichuan County">Suichuan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a></sup> Jiangxi Province, China, and bombed the Japanese air base at Hsinchu,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a></sup> destroying 52 Japanese planes, In July 1945, China, Britain and the U.S. issued the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a></sup> which made it clear that "the terms of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1943_Cairo_Declaration" title="1943 Cairo Declaration">Cairo Declaration</a> must be implemented" as one of the necessary conditions for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Japan's surrender</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a></sup> on September 2, Japan formally accepted the terms of the Potsdam Proclamation and surrendered to the Allies.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Republic_of_China_takes_over_Taiwan">The Republic of China takes over Taiwan</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Republic of China takes over Taiwan">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></div>
<p>On August 29, 1945, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>. appointed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chen_Yi_(Kuomintang)" title="Chen Yi (Kuomintang)">Chen Yi</a>, then chairman of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> Province, as the chief executive of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">Taiwan Province</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a></sup> and on October 15, Kuomintang troops disembarked at Keelung Harbor, and on October 25, the Republic of China formally took over Taiwan and Penghu, designating that day as Taiwan's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Retrocession_Day" title="Retrocession Day">Retrocession Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a></sup> At the end of February 1947,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-108">[104]</a></sup> there was a series of civil-military conflicts in Taiwan,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-108">[104]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a></sup> and Chen Yi secretly requested Chiang Chung Cheng to send more troops from mainland China to suppress them.
</p><p>From 1948 onward, as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Republic of China Armed Forces</a> lost successive battles in the Second Nationalist-Communist Civil War, Chiang began to relocate the National Government, military units, military dependents, National Palace relics, treasury assets and related archives to Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a></sup> from 1945 to 1950, nearly two million military and civilians from all over mainland China moved to Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[Notes 5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[108]</a></sup> These mainland immigrants were called foreigners in Taiwan to distinguish them from the earlier immigrants to Taiwan from the province.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="The_present_age">The present age</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The present age">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Military_Confrontation">Military Confrontation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Military Confrontation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096954695/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Top leaders of both sides of the Nationalist and Communist civil wars</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:264px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F(%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%B2).jpg" class="image"><img alt="400" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%28%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%B2%29.jpg/188px-%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%28%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%B2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="264" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%28%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%B2%29.jpg/282px-%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%28%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%B2%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%28%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%B2%29.jpg/376px-%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%28%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%B2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="720" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">President of Kuomintang, China <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a></div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:UN2758_zh.JPG" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/UN2758_zh.JPG/220px-UN2758_zh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/UN2758_zh.JPG/330px-UN2758_zh.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/UN2758_zh.JPG/440px-UN2758_zh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="376" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:UN2758_zh.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758</a> of 1971</div></div></div>
<p>On March 15, 1949, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a> published an editorial titled "The Chinese People Must Liberate Taiwan", raising the slogan of "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a>" for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[109]</a></sup> After the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">government of the Republic of China</a> moved to Taipei following the defeat of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a>, it put forward slogans such as "counter-attacking the mainland", "eliminating communist bandits", and "rescuing compatriots", and promulgated the "Ordinance on the Suppression of Bandits and Spies during the Counterinsurgency Period", which strictly restricted the interaction between Taiwanese and mainlanders. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait went through the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Guningtou" title="Battle of Guningtou">Battle of Gulingtou</a> in 1949, the Battle of Dongshan Island in 1953, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a> in 1954, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Yijiangshan_Islands" title="Battle of Yijiangshan Islands">Battle of Yijiangshan Islands</a> in January 1955, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Dachen_Archipelago" title="Battle of Dachen Archipelago">Battle of Dachen Archipelago</a> in February 1955, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a> in 1958,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[110]</a></sup> with both sides winning and losing.
</p><p>During that time, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> broke out and U.S. troops moved into Taiwan,<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[111]</a></sup> while noting that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theory_of_the_Undetermined_Status_of_Taiwan" title="Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan">Taiwan's status was undetermined</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[112]</a></sup> As a result, the People's Republic of China complained to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_87" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 87">United Nations Security Council Resolution 87</a> about the armed aggression against Taiwan, while protesting the exclusion of the People's Republic of China from the United Nations,<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">[113]</a></sup> but the case was eventually rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">[114]</a></sup> In the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">Treaty of San Francisco</a>, Japan renounced all rights, rights names and claims to Taiwan and the Penghu Islands,<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[115]</a></sup> but neither the ROC nor the People's Republic of China participated in the signing of the peace treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[116]</a></sup> The ROC and Japan then signed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Treaty_of_Taipei" title="Treaty of Taipei">Treaty of Taipei</a> in 1952, and the signing of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sino-American_Mutual_Defense_Treaty" title="Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty">Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty</a> also made the PLA wary.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[117]</a></sup> in April 1955, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a>, Premier of the State Council and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China</a>, went to Indonesia to attend the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a> and issued a statement that "the Chinese government is willing to negotiate with the U.S. government to strive for the liberation of Taiwan by peaceful means".<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[Notes 6]</a></sup> After learning of this in the U.S., <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Li_Zongren" title="Li Zongren">Li Zongren</a> responded by publishing "Proposals on the Taiwan Question" in August of the same year,<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">[Notes 7]</a></sup> while the ROC government blocked the news of the publication of this article.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[118]</a></sup>
</p><p>In early October 1958, the PLA announced that it would give up its blockade of Kinmen, and later changed to a "single strike and no strike" to gradually reduce its offensive,<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[119]</a></sup> and the cross-strait wrestling turned to a legal-unification dispute over <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a>'s representation in the international community.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[120]</a></sup> In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 Nixon visited China</a> and signed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Three_Communiqu%C3%A9s" title="Three Communiqués">Three Communiqués</a>, and in September of the same year China and Japan established diplomatic relations;<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">[121]</a></sup> on January 1, 1979, the U.S. established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, while breaking diplomatic relations with the ROC,<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[122]</a></sup> replacing the U.S.-China Mutual Defense Treaty with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan_Relations_Act" title="Taiwan Relations Act">Taiwan Relations Act</a>, and withdrawing troops from Taiwan. On January 1, 1979,<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[123]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xu_Xiangqian" title="Xu Xiangqian">Xu Xiangqian</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[124]</a></sup> issued the "Statement of the Ministry of National Defense on the Cessation of Artillery Fire on the Greater Kinmen Islands",<sup id="cite_ref-:9_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-10">[10]</a></sup> which officially put an end to the 21-year Kinmen artillery war.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="De-escalating_communication">De-escalating communication</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: De-escalating communication">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Mawei_China_Propaganda_facing_Matsu.jpg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mawei_China_Propaganda_facing_Matsu.jpg/220px-Mawei_China_Propaganda_facing_Matsu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mawei_China_Propaganda_facing_Matsu.jpg/330px-Mawei_China_Propaganda_facing_Matsu.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mawei_China_Propaganda_facing_Matsu.jpg/440px-Mawei_China_Propaganda_facing_Matsu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="660" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Mawei_China_Propaganda_facing_Matsu.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The "Peaceful Reunification, One Country, Two Systems" banner on the coast of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a>'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mawei_District" title="Mawei District">Mawei district</a> looks out over the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Matsu Islands</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>On January 1, 1979, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> issued the "Letter to Taiwan Compatriots", replacing the original "liberation of Taiwan" with "peaceful reunification and "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">one country, two systems</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-:10_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-132">[125]</a></sup> and moving from a hard-line to a more moderate attitude toward Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-133">[126]</a></sup> In response, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo" title="Chiang Ching-kuo">Chiang Ching-kuo</a> proposed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Three_Noes" title="Three Noes">Three Noes</a> "no contact, no negotiation, no compromise" policy on April 4, and on May 29, the Taiwan Strait resumed navigation.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">[127]</a></sup> On October 1, 1981, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a>, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, proposed nine policies for the peaceful reunification of Taiwan,<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">[128]</a></sup> stating that "after the country is reunified, Taiwan can be a special administrative region with a high degree of autonomy and can retain its military forces.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-132">[125]</a></sup> The central government (meaning Beijing) will not interfere in Taiwan's local affairs."<sup id="cite_ref-:11_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-133">[126]</a></sup> On July 24, 1982, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liao_Chengzhi" title="Liao Chengzhi">Liao Chengzhi</a>, Minister of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a> of the CPC Central Committee, sent a letter to President Chiang Ching-kuo, calling for peace talks between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait to "put away grudges when they meet";<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[129]</a></sup> the ROC government did not respond, and in 1984,<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">[130]</a></sup> the mainland refrained from returning fire when it shelled Jiao-Yu Island, which was under PLA control.
</p><p>On November 2 of the same year, Taiwan opened up for people to visit their relatives on the mainland, and cross-strait private economic and trade activities heated up rapidly. in August 1988, the Mainland Working Committee of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China was established to coordinate cross-strait economic and trade exchanges. in June 1989, the Taiwan region officially opened up for indirect imports of goods from the mainland. On October 7, 1990, the then President of the Republic of China, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a>, announced the establishment of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Unification_Council" title="National Unification Council">National Unification Council</a>, and on February 23, 1991, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guidelines_for_National_Unification" title="Guidelines for National Unification">Guidelines for National Unification</a> were adopted, advocating the unification of China based on the principles of "democracy, freedom, and equal wealth". An <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Additional_Articles_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China">amendment to the Constitution</a> divided the Republic of China into a "mainland area" and a "free area".<sup id="cite_ref-:9_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-10">[10]</a></sup> The "Mainland Region" is defined in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cross-Strait_Act" title="Cross-Strait Act">Cross-Strait Act</a> as "the territory of the Republic of China outside of Taiwan".<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">[131]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1991, the Taiwan <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Straits_Exchange_Foundation" title="Straits Exchange Foundation">Straits Exchange Foundation</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits</a> became operational one after another, and talks were held in Hong Kong in 1992, but to no avail.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">[132]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">[133]</a></sup> In April 1993, the cross-strait <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wang%E2%80%93Koo_summit" title="Wang–Koo summit">Wang–Koo summit</a> was held on the basis of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a>. In January 1995, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a>, then the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a>, put forward eight propositions for developing cross-strait relations and advancing China's peaceful reunification process.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">[134]</a></sup> In response, President Lee Teng-hui put forward six proposals on April 8, known as Lee's six articles.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142">[135]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Conscious_Opposition">Conscious Opposition</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Conscious Opposition">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096954695/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"/><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">National Communist Party breaks ice to exchange top leaders from both sides</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:166px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%E9%80%A3%E6%88%B0%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7.jpg" class="image"><img alt="400" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/%E9%80%A3%E6%88%B0%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7.jpg/114px-%E9%80%A3%E6%88%B0%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="166" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/%E9%80%A3%E6%88%B0%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7.jpg/171px-%E9%80%A3%E6%88%B0%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/%E9%80%A3%E6%88%B0%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7.jpg/228px-%E9%80%A3%E6%88%B0%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="876" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Chairman of the Kuomintang of China <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lien_Chan" title="Lien Chan">Lien Chan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:166px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Hu_Jintao_Cannes2011.jpg" class="image"><img alt="400" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hu_Jintao_Cannes2011.jpg/130px-Hu_Jintao_Cannes2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="166" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hu_Jintao_Cannes2011.jpg/195px-Hu_Jintao_Cannes2011.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hu_Jintao_Cannes2011.jpg/260px-Hu_Jintao_Cannes2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1175" data-file-height="1498" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China">General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a></div></div></div></div></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident"><i>Min Ping Yu No. 5540</i> incident</a> in 1990 and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qiandao_Lake_incident" title="Qiandao Lake incident">Qiandao Lake incident</a> and the Xiaojinmen anti-aircraft artillery misfire on Xiamen in 1994 triggered discontent among people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143">[136]</a></sup> in June 1995, then ROC President Lee Teng-hui visited Cornell University in his private capacity and proposed the national positioning of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_China_on_Taiwan" title="Republic of China on Taiwan">Republic of China on Taiwan</a>, triggering the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Third Taiwan Strait Crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">[137]</a></sup> In August 1996, the Chinese mainland opened the Fuzhou and Xiamen On September 14, 1996, President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a> of the Republic of China (R.O.C.) proposed the idea of "using patience and urgency" at the Taiwan Businessmen's Conference, restricting the Taiwanese <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a> community's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Investment" title="Investment">investment</a> in mainland China.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-10">[10]</a></sup> In 1997, Fujian established the "Cross-Strait (Fuzhou) Agricultural Cooperation Pilot Zone" and the "Cross-Strait (Zhangzhou) Agricultural Cooperation Pilot Zone", and in May 1999, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> Plenum passed the "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Resolution_on_Taiwan%27s_Future" title="Resolution on Taiwan's Future">Resolution on Taiwan's Future</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145">[138]</a></sup> In July of the same year, President Lee Teng-hui put forward the two-state theory,<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146">[139]</a></sup> advocating that the relationship between Taiwan and mainland China was "state-to-state" or "at least a special state-to-state relationship".
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_World_Taiwanese_Congress.svg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_World_Taiwanese_Congress.svg/220px-Flag_of_World_Taiwanese_Congress.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_World_Taiwanese_Congress.svg/330px-Flag_of_World_Taiwanese_Congress.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_World_Taiwanese_Congress.svg/440px-Flag_of_World_Taiwanese_Congress.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="563" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_World_Taiwanese_Congress.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Proposed_flags_of_Taiwan" title="Proposed flags of Taiwan">flag of the World Taiwan Congress</a> is widely used in Taiwan independence activities to highlight <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan's subjectivity</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>In 2000, when the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> became the ruling party of the Republic of China (ROC) for the first time,<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">[140]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chen_Shui-bian" title="Chen Shui-bian">Chen Shui-bian</a> proposed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Four_Noes_and_One_Without" title="Four Noes and One Without">Four Noes and One Without</a> at his inauguration ceremony,<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148">[141]</a></sup> namely, "As long as the Chinese Communist Party has no intention to
</p><p>use force against Taiwan,<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149">[142]</a></sup> I promise that during my term of office, I will not declare independence, I will not change the national symbol,<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">[143]</a></sup> I will not promote the constitutionalization of the two-state theory, I will not promote a referendum on unification and independence that would change the status quo, and there is no question of abolishing the national platform and the National Unification Council.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[144]</a></sup> In 2001, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Matsu Islands</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mawei_District" title="Mawei District">Mawei District</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a>
</p><p>were connected to each other by trade, air, and mail. On August 2, 2002, Chen proposed "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/One_Country_on_Each_Side" title="One Country on Each Side">One</a>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:1025%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81.jpg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/1025%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81.jpg/220px-1025%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/1025%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81.jpg/330px-1025%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/1025%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81.jpg/440px-1025%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="1082" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:1025%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/One_Country_on_Each_Side" title="One Country on Each Side">Former President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian holds the banner of "Taiwan, China, One Country" in a</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1025_rally_to_safeguard_Taiwan" title="1025 rally to safeguard Taiwan">rally</a> on Oct. 25, 2008.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/One_Country_on_Each_Side" title="One Country on Each Side">Country on Each Side</a>" through a video conference at the World Taiwan Clansmen's Association, saying that Taiwan and China are not the same countries. On February 22, 2004, Chen said that
</p><p>the mainland was aiming 496 missiles at Taiwan, with an additional one every six days.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152">[145]</a></sup> As a result, Taiwan held the 228 Million Hands for Taiwan campaign to oppose the deployment of China's missile facilities against Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153">[146]</a></sup>
</p><p>In March 2005, President Chen Shui-bian told members of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> and the news media that he could not change the ROC's national name to the Republic of Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154">[147]</a></sup> On March 26, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the Taiwan Federation of Trade Unions (TUF) organized a march in protest.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155">[148]</a></sup> On August 2, 2005, Chen proposed a four-stage theory, namely "the ROC is on the mainland,<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156">[149]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157">[150]</a></sup> the ROC is in Taiwan."<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158">[151]</a></sup> Four days later, Chen proposed one principle, three insistencies and five objections as the guidelines for handling cross-strait affairs, and in 2006 Chen announced that the "National Unification Plan" would "cease to apply".<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159">[152]</a></sup> There is no left-right route in Taiwan, only the issue of unification and independence.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160">[153]</a></sup> However, this did not cause a strong reaction from China and the U.S., and cross-strait economic and trade exchanges continued to develop. 974,000 passengers were carried on the "Little Three Links" in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_132-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-132">[125]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Reciprocal_Consultation">Reciprocal Consultation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Reciprocal Consultation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_07.jpg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_07.jpg/220px-2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_07.jpg/330px-2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_07.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_07.jpg/440px-2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4528" data-file-height="3019" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_07.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cross-strait leaders meet in Singapore on November 7, 2015. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" title="Ma–Xi meeting">Ma–Xi meeting</a></div></div></div>
<p>On March 22, 2008, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a> won the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2008_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="2008 Taiwanese presidential election">2008 Taiwanese presidential election</a>, and on May 20, the Chinese Kuomintang returned to power, advocating no unification, no independence, and no military force, that is, "during Ma's term of office, he pledged not to promote cross-strait unification, nor to declare Taiwan's independence, and no military war between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. In October and November of the same year, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits</a> (ARATS) Vice President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhang_Mingqing" title="Zhang Mingqing">Zhang Mingqing</a> and President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chen_Yunlin" title="Chen Yunlin">Chen Yunlin</a>, who had served as Director and Assistant Director of the Taiwan Affairs Office, visited Taiwan and were attacked and besieged by protesting people in Taiwan. On December 31 of the same year, Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, put forward the "Hu Six Points" at the 30th anniversary of the publication of the "Letter to Taiwan Compatriots". Cross-strait relations have continued to develop on the basis of the "1992 Consensus", and the SEF and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) have held eleven "leaders' meetings" and signed twenty-three agreements and two joint statements, including the Cross-Straits <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Framework_Agreement" title="Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement">Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement</a> (ECFA), the launch of regular cross-strait direct flights, and cross-strait cooperation in combating crime.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161">[154]</a></sup> In 2013, the first time the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a> was allowed to participate in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/APEC_Indonesia_2013" title="APEC Indonesia 2013">APEC Indonesia 2013</a> meetings was considered a major breakthrough in the progress of cross-strait relations.
</p><p>The Sunflower school movement in Taiwan in 2014 curbed the momentum of cross-strait economic integration.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">[155]</a></sup> In June of the same year, DPP's Tainan Mayor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-teh</a> said during a visit to mainland China that "the future of Taiwan is to be decided by the 23 million people together".<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">[156]</a></sup> The Taiwan Affairs Office responded that "any issue involving China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must be decided by the entire Chinese people, including Taiwan compatriots," and stressed that its stance against Taiwan's independence would remain unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">[157]</a></sup> In September, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a> of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) invited more than 20 Taiwan unificationist groups to visit Beijing, and the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>, reiterated that "peaceful unification and one country, two systems" is the basic policy of the mainland in resolving the Taiwan issue.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">[158]</a></sup> In response, Executive Yuan President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jiang_Yi-huah" title="Jiang Yi-huah">Jiang Yi-huah</a> said, "The Republic of China has never accepted the policy of one country, two systems, and our proposition is to maintain the status quo under the constitutional framework of the Republic of China.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166">[159]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167">[160]</a></sup> For its part, mainland China continues to roll out new unification strategies.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168">[Notes 8]</a></sup> On November 7, 2015, top cross-strait leaders Xi Jinping and Ma Ying-jeou met in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169">[161]</a></sup> the first meeting of top leaders from both sides of the Taiwan Strait in the 66 years since the political separation in 1949,<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170">[162]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171">[163]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172">[164]</a></sup> and the two sides exchanged views on advancing the peaceful development of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" title="Cross-Strait relations">cross-strait relations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173">[165]</a></sup> DPP Chairman and presidential candidate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a> criticized the meeting as "an attempt to use a political framework to limit the future choices of the people in cross-strait relations".<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174">[166]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Current_Status_of_Taiwan_Strait">Current Status of Taiwan Strait</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Current Status of Taiwan Strait">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:12.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%94%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8%E9%95%B7%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%AA%E5%90%8C%EF%BC%8C%E8%88%87%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%95%B6%E9%81%B8%E4%BA%BA%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%EF%BC%88Donald_J._Trump%EF%BC%89%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1_(30561066134).jpg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/12.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%94%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8%E9%95%B7%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%AA%E5%90%8C%EF%BC%8C%E8%88%87%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%95%B6%E9%81%B8%E4%BA%BA%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%EF%BC%88Donald_J._Trump%EF%BC%89%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1_%2830561066134%29.jpg/220px-12.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%94%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8%E9%95%B7%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%AA%E5%90%8C%EF%BC%8C%E8%88%87%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%95%B6%E9%81%B8%E4%BA%BA%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%EF%BC%88Donald_J._Trump%EF%BC%89%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1_%2830561066134%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/12.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%94%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8%E9%95%B7%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%AA%E5%90%8C%EF%BC%8C%E8%88%87%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%95%B6%E9%81%B8%E4%BA%BA%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%EF%BC%88Donald_J._Trump%EF%BC%89%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1_%2830561066134%29.jpg/330px-12.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%94%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8%E9%95%B7%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%AA%E5%90%8C%EF%BC%8C%E8%88%87%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%95%B6%E9%81%B8%E4%BA%BA%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%EF%BC%88Donald_J._Trump%EF%BC%89%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1_%2830561066134%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/12.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%94%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8%E9%95%B7%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%AA%E5%90%8C%EF%BC%8C%E8%88%87%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%95%B6%E9%81%B8%E4%BA%BA%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%EF%BC%88Donald_J._Trump%EF%BC%89%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1_%2830561066134%29.jpg/440px-12.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%94%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8%E9%95%B7%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%AA%E5%90%8C%EF%BC%8C%E8%88%87%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%95%B6%E9%81%B8%E4%BA%BA%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%EF%BC%88Donald_J._Trump%EF%BC%89%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1_%2830561066134%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:12.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%94%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8%E9%95%B7%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%AD%E9%99%AA%E5%90%8C%EF%BC%8C%E8%88%87%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E7%95%B6%E9%81%B8%E4%BA%BA%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%EF%BC%88Donald_J._Trump%EF%BC%89%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1_(30561066134).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The December 2, 2016, Trump-Tsai call had been considered a diplomatic breakthrough for Taiwan<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175">[167]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>Since her inauguration as president of the Republic of China on May 20, 2016, Tsai Ing-wen, a member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a>, has advocated maintaining the status quo and not recognizing the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176">[168]</a></sup> and successfully made a phone call with U.S. President-elect Donald Trump in late 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177">[169]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xi_Jinping%E2%80%93Li_Keqiang_Administration" title="Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration">Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration</a> has continuously pressured the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Presidency of Tsai Ing-wen">Presidency of Tsai Ing-wen</a> in the hope that Tsai would return to the 1992 Consensus.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178">[170]</a></sup> For her part, in an open letter to members of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) as party chairman on the occasion of the party's 30th anniversary,<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179">[171]</a></sup> Tsai said she would resist pressure from mainland China, develop relations with other countries, and get rid of her overdependence on China.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180">[172]</a></sup> Most Taiwanese people are dissatisfied with the suppression of mainland China in the international community, while on the other hand half of the public is dissatisfied with Tsai's performance in handling cross-strait relations.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181">[173]</a></sup>
</p><p>Xi Jinping, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a>, delivered the "Xi Five Articles" at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Hall_of_the_People" title="Great Hall of the People">Great Hall of the People</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> during the "40th Anniversary Commemorative Meeting of the Letter to Taiwan Compatriots" on Jan. 2, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182">[174]</a></sup> Focusing on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a>, Xi reiterated "the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a> that both sides of the Strait belong to the same China and work together for national reunification".<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183">[175]</a></sup> In the afternoon of the same day, Tsai Ing-wen, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President of the Republic of China</a> held an impromptu press conference, saying that she "rejects the 1992 Consensus" and "resolutely opposes one country, two systems".<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184">[176]</a></sup> Since March 2019, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> has continuously conducted drills in the Taiwan Strait.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185">[177]</a></sup> On April 30, 2021, R.O.C. Foreign Ministry spokesman Ou Jiang'an said that China's actions had jeopardized the security and status quo in the Taiwan Strait, and on May 12, 2021, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a> spokesman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhu_Fenglian" title="Zhu Fenglian">Zhu Fenglian</a> said that "Taiwan independence" stubborn elements who malign the mainland and incite cross-strait confrontation will be severely punished and held accountable for life under the law. .... On November 5 of the same year, the Taiwan Affairs Office named Taiwan's Foreign Minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Wu" title="Joseph Wu">Joseph Wu</a>, Legislative President You <a href="/enwiki/wiki/You_Si-kun" title="You Si-kun">You Si-kun</a> and Executive President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Su_Tseng-chang" title="Su Tseng-chang">Su Tseng-chang</a> as "Taiwan independence stubborn elements. In response, Wu said it was an honor, while Yau felt honored and thanked him, and Su said he was not intimidated.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186">[178]</a></sup>
</p><p>On August 2, 2022, Speaker of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan and the PLA immediately conducted a series of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Chinese_military_exercises_around_Taiwan" title="2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan">military exercises around Taiwan</a>, firing several ballistic missiles.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187">[179]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188">[180]</a></sup> On August 10, 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189">[181]</a></sup> the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a> and the State Council Information Office jointly released the third White Paper on Taiwan, "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Taiwan_Question_and_China%27s_Reunification_in_the_New_Era" title="The Taiwan Question and China's Reunification in the New Era">The Taiwan Question and China's Reunification in the New Era</a>" referring to the "One Country, Two Systems Taiwan Program" and the "Taiwan Special Administrative Region.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190">[182]</a></sup> On August 16, 2022, the Taiwan Affairs Office added <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hsiao_Bi-khim" title="Hsiao Bi-khim">Hsiao Bi-khimn</a>, Gu Li-hsiung, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tsai_Chi-chang" title="Tsai Chi-chang">Tsai Chi-chang</a>, Ko Chien-ming, Lin Fei-fan, Chen Chiu-hwa, and Wang Dingyu to the list of recalcitrant Taiwan independence activists for sanctions.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191">[183]</a></sup>
</p><p>On April 7, 2023, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zhu_Fenglian" title="Zhu Fenglian">Zhu Fenglian</a>, spokesperson for the Taiwan Affairs Office, said that the Vision Foundation and the Asian League for Freedom and Democracy have been peddling Taiwan independence ideas internationally and creating incidents that violate the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a> principle, such as "one China, one Taiwan" and "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Two_Chinas" title="Two Chinas">two Chinas</a>". The mainland side decided to ban the heads of the Vision Foundation and the Asian League for Freedom and Democracy from entering the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions, and to ban relevant mainland organizations and individuals from cooperating with them.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192">[184]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1147244281">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_imperial_China" title="Foreign relations of imperial China">Foreign relations of imperial China</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_United_Front" title="Second United Front">Second United Front</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fujian%E2%80%93Taiwan_relationship" title="Fujian–Taiwan relationship">Fujian–Taiwan relationship</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></li></ul></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whether the original text is "Yizhou" or "Yi Zhou" is uncertain.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jian'an County is located in present-day Fujian Province, and has four counties under its jurisdiction: Min (present-day Fuzhou City, Fujian Province), Jian'an, Nan'an, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Longxi_County" title="Longxi County">Longxi</a>. <ref><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Sui Shu/vol. 31"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sui_Shu/vol._31">"vol. 31" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Sui Shu"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sui_Shu"><i>Sui Shu</i> </a></span>. Zhi XXVI – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=vol.+31&rft.btitle=Sui+Shu&rft.place=Zhi+XXVI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></ref</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the 13th year of Chongzhen (1640), the Ming court promoted Zheng Zhilong to be the chief military officer of Fujian, and he was appointed as the Dudou Tongji (from the first rank).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">After Zheng Chenggong came to Taiwan, he received King Lu's son Zhu Honghuan, King Luxi Zhu Ci Kuang, King Badong Zhu Jiang, King Le'an Zhu Jun, King Shucheng Zhu Zhi, King Fengnan Zhu, King Yi Zhu Zirconium, and other Ming clansmen to Taiwan.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 1944 census conducted by the Taiwan Governor's Office showed that the population of Taiwan and Penghu was only 6.27 million.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF徐京利2013" class="citation web cs1">徐京利 (2013-04-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004947/https://www.guancha.cn/history/2013_04_11_137922.shtml">"暗杀周恩来："克什米尔公主号"事件始末"</a>. <i>观察者</i>. 解密中国外交档案. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guancha.cn/history/2013_04_11_137922.shtml">the original</a> on 2019-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E8%80%85&rft.atitle=%E6%9A%97%E6%9D%80%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5%EF%BC%9A%E2%80%9C%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB%E5%8F%B7%E2%80%9D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%A7%8B%E6%9C%AB&rft.date=2013-04-11&rft.au=%E5%BE%90%E4%BA%AC%E5%88%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guancha.cn%2Fhistory%2F2013_04_11_137922.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1949, the acting president of the Republic of China, Li Zongren, was not evacuated to Taiwan, but went to the United States via Hong Kong. he was impeached in 1954.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> is under <a href="/enwiki/wiki/One-party_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="One-party rule">one-party rule</a> by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Communist Party of China</a>, with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of China">General Secretary of the Communist Party of China</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China">Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China</a> as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supreme_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Leader">Supreme Leader of the People's Republic of China</a>. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> currently has a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential system</a> with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">direct election</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President of the Republic of China</a> is the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and the commander-in-chief of the three armies, and is the supreme leader.</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Citation">Citation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Citation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
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<li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF汪大淵" class="citation cs1">汪大淵. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:島夷志略"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%A4%B7%E5%BF%97%E7%95%A5"><i>島夷志略</i> </a></span> – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. <q>Penghu, the land belongs to Quanzhou Jinjiang County. To the Yuan period to establish the inspection division. Ryukyu, its standoff mountain is very high, from the Peng Lake look very close. Overseas countries from the beginning.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%B3%B6%E5%A4%B7%E5%BF%97%E7%95%A5&rft.au=%E6%B1%AA%E5%A4%A7%E6%B7%B5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF周婉窈" class="citation journal cs1">周婉窈. "陳第〈東番記〉—十七世紀初臺灣西南地區的實地調查報告". <i>故宮文物月刊</i>. <b>241</b>: 22–45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AE%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E6%9C%88%E5%88%8A&rft.atitle=%E9%99%B3%E7%AC%AC%E3%80%88%E6%9D%B1%E7%95%AA%E8%A8%98%E3%80%89%E2%80%94%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%88%9D%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AF%A6%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A&rft.volume=241&rft.pages=22-45&rft.au=%E5%91%A8%E5%A9%89%E7%AA%88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-56760009">"台湾与中国大陆：两岸关系的跌宕历史"</a>. BBC. 2021-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E8%B7%8C%E5%AE%95%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2021-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fzhongwen%2Fsimp%2Fchinese-news-56760009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF徐向前2006" class="citation web cs1">徐向前 (2006-02-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818093841/http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213299.htm">"国防部关于停止对大金门等岛屿炮击的声明（1979年1月）"</a>. <i>中国政府网</i>. 中国台湾网. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/28/content_213299.htm">the original</a> on 2017-08-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%91%E9%97%A8%E7%AD%89%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF%E7%82%AE%E5%87%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%881979%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%88%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2006-02-28&rft.au=%E5%BE%90%E5%90%91%E5%89%8D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.cn%2Ftest%2F2006-02%2F28%2Fcontent_213299.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216121534/http://www.shangbaoindonesia.com/dynamic-cina-komunitas/%E5%A4%8F%E7%AB%8B%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%B0%E5%95%86%E5%BA%A7%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A0%E9%A9%AC%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4.html">"夏立言与台商座谈说明习马会是两岸史上最大突破"</a>. 印度尼西亞商報 Shangbao Indonesia. 2015-12-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shangbaoindonesia.com/dynamic-cina-komunitas/%E5%A4%8F%E7%AB%8B%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%B0%E5%95%86%E5%BA%A7%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A0%E9%A9%AC%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4.html">the original</a> on 2016-02-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%8F%E7%AB%8B%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%B0%E5%95%86%E5%BA%A7%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A0%E9%A9%AC%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4&rft.pub=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%95%86%E5%A0%B1+Shangbao+Indonesia&rft.date=2015-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shangbaoindonesia.com%2Fdynamic-cina-komunitas%2F%25E5%25A4%258F%25E7%25AB%258B%25E8%25A8%2580%25E4%25B8%258E%25E5%258F%25B0%25E5%2595%2586%25E5%25BA%25A7%25E8%25B0%2588%25E8%25AF%25B4%25E6%2598%258E%25E4%25B9%25A0%25E9%25A9%25AC%25E4%25BC%259A%25E6%2598%25AF%25E4%25B8%25A4%25E5%25B2%25B8%25E5%258F%25B2%25E4%25B8%258A%25E6%259C%2580%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E7%25AA%2581%25E7%25A0%25B4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF邵宗海" class="citation journal cs1">邵宗海. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062107/http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2003-4_1.pdf">"從兩岸關係的變遷探討兩岸關係的定位(上)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>遠景基金會季刊</i>. <b>4</b>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~chshaw/2003-4_1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-08-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%81%A0%E6%99%AF%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%A3%E5%88%8A&rft.atitle=%E5%BE%9E%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%8A%E9%81%B7%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%28%E4%B8%8A%29&rft.volume=4&rft.au=%E9%82%B5%E5%AE%97%E6%B5%B7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.nccu.edu.tw%2F~chshaw%2F2003-4_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:9-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020646/http://www.wun-ching.com.tw/img/Books_files/ST003e3-9789862369203-trial.pdf">"兩岸關係史"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>新文京開發出版股份有限公司</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wun-ching.com.tw/img/Books_files/ST003e3-9789862369203-trial.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2018-09-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E4%BA%AC%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft.atitle=%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wun-ching.com.tw%2Fimg%2FBooks_files%2FST003e3-9789862369203-trial.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">"东吴的海外拓展和卫温、诸葛直从章安出使台湾考略". <i>中国古代史</i>: 23. 1982.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%9C%E5%90%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%8B%93%E5%B1%95%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%AB%E6%B8%A9%E3%80%81%E8%AF%B8%E8%91%9B%E7%9B%B4%E4%BB%8E%E7%AB%A0%E5%AE%89%E5%87%BA%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E8%80%83%E7%95%A5&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF陳壽" class="citation cs1">陳壽. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:三國志/卷47"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B747">"卷47" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:三國志"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97"><i>三國志</i> </a></span>. 吳書孫權傳 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. <q>遣將軍衛溫、諸葛直將甲士萬人浮海求夷洲及亶洲。亶洲所在絕遠，卒不可得至，但得夷洲數千人還。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%B747&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97&rft.place=%E5%90%B3%E6%9B%B8%E5%AD%AB%E6%AC%8A%E5%82%B3&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E5%A3%BD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>台灣文化誌</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%83%BD%E5%98%89%E7%9F%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="伊能嘉矩">伊能嘉矩</a>. 1985. pp. 25–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%AA%8C&rft.pages=25-26&rft.pub=%E4%BC%8A%E8%83%BD%E5%98%89%E7%9F%A9&rft.date=1985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>台灣史事概說</i>. 1954.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E6%A6%82%E8%AA%AA&rft.date=1954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>台灣地方史</i> (in Chinese). 北京: 中國社會科學出版社. 1982.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%B2&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF馮鉞2013" class="citation journal cs1">馮鉞 (2013-08-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928040216/http://www.strongwindpress.com/pdfs/HKFax/No_HK2013-41.pdf">"夷洲問題再辨析"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>参阅文稿</i>. <b>41</b>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strongwindpress.com/pdfs/HKFax/No_HK2013-41.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-09-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%82%E9%98%85%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%B7%E6%B4%B2%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E5%86%8D%E8%BE%A8%E6%9E%90&rft.volume=41&rft.date=2013-08-08&rft.au=%E9%A6%AE%E9%89%9E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strongwindpress.com%2Fpdfs%2FHKFax%2FNo_HK2013-41.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>[台灣人四百年史</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="史明">史明</a>. 2014-07-01. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789574316441" title="Special:BookSources/9789574316441"><bdi>9789574316441</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5B%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%9B%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B2&rft.pub=%E5%8F%B2%E6%98%8E&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft.isbn=9789574316441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF魏徵等2010" class="citation book cs1">魏徵等 (2010). <i>《隋书|隋書》</i> (2010 Reprinted ed.). Taipei City: 臺灣商務印書館. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789570524994" title="Special:BookSources/9789570524994"><bdi>9789570524994</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E9%9A%8B%E4%B9%A6%7C%E9%9A%8B%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B&rft.place=Taipei+City&rft.edition=2010+Reprinted&rft.pub=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E5%8D%B0%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789570524994&rft.au=%E9%AD%8F%E5%BE%B5%E7%AD%89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:隋書/卷81"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B781">"卷81" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:隋書"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9B%B8"><i>隋書</i> </a></span>. 流求國 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%B781&rft.btitle=%E9%9A%8B%E6%9B%B8&rft.place=%E6%B5%81%E6%B1%82%E5%9C%8B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zhongguorenshiga0000boya"><i>《中國人史綱》</i></a>. 同心出版. 2005. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-80716-121-3" title="Special:BookSources/7-80716-121-3"><bdi>7-80716-121-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%B2%E7%B6%B1%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%83%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=7-80716-121-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fzhongguorenshiga0000boya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:諸蕃志/卷上"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E8%95%83%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%8A">"卷上" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:諸蕃志"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E8%95%83%E5%BF%97"><i>諸蕃志</i> </a></span>. 毗舍耶. 1225 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. <q>泉有海島曰彭湖，隸晉江縣。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%8A&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%B8%E8%95%83%E5%BF%97&rft.place=%E6%AF%97%E8%88%8D%E8%80%B6&rft.date=1225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170605080454/http://gothenburg.chineseconsulate.org/chn/ztlm/twwt/ljtw/t224586.htm">"台湾历史"</a>. <i>中华人民共和国驻哥德堡总领事馆</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gothenburg.chineseconsulate.org/chn/ztlm/twwt/ljtw/t224586.htm">the original</a> on 2017-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%A9%BB%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1%E6%80%BB%E9%A2%86%E4%BA%8B%E9%A6%86&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgothenburg.chineseconsulate.org%2Fchn%2Fztlm%2Ftwwt%2Fljtw%2Ft224586.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:宋史/卷400"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7400">"卷400" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:宋史"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2"><i>宋史</i> </a></span>. 汪大猷 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. <q>起知泉州。毗舍邪嚐掠海濱居民，歲遣戍防之，勞費不貲。大猷作屋二百區，遣將留屯。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%B7400&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2&rft.place=%E6%B1%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%8C%B7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811152304/http://www.fjsq.gov.cn/fjSituationDetailPage.aspx?key=2437187feffc4328bd4bc7b5b891cf55">"台湾的汪姓"</a>. <i>福建省情资料库</i>. 2015-10-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fjsq.gov.cn/fjSituationDetailPage.aspx?key=2437187feffc4328bd4bc7b5b891cf55">the original</a> on 2017-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%9C%81%E6%83%85%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E5%BA%93&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E7%9A%84%E6%B1%AA%E5%A7%93&rft.date=2015-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjsq.gov.cn%2FfjSituationDetailPage.aspx%3Fkey%3D2437187feffc4328bd4bc7b5b891cf55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF林滿紅1994">林滿紅 1994</a>, 摘要<span class="error harv-error" style="display: inline; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREF林滿紅1994 (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821160456/http://teacher.whsh.tc.edu.tw/huanyin/tw_teaching_2d.htm">"四、漢人到來"</a>. 台灣歷史圖說. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teacher.whsh.tc.edu.tw/huanyin/tw_teaching_2d.htm">the original</a> on 2018-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%9B%E3%80%81%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%B0%E4%BE%86&rft.pub=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%AA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteacher.whsh.tc.edu.tw%2Fhuanyin%2Ftw_teaching_2d.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>福建古代经济史</i>. 福建教育出版社. 1995. p. 335. <q>Song and Yuan dynasties, Taiwan's indigenous due to lack of iron and expensive iron, mainland ships to that will compete for food for easy nail iron.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%B2&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=1995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:臺灣通史/卷1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B71">"卷1" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:臺灣通史"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%B2"><i>臺灣通史</i> </a></span>. 開闢紀. 1918 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%B71&rft.btitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%B2&rft.place=%E9%96%8B%E9%97%A2%E7%B4%80&rft.date=1918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>重修台灣省通志</i>. 臺北: 台灣省文獻委員會. 1994.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E9%87%8D%E4%BF%AE%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E9%80%9A%E5%BF%97&rft.place=%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97&rft.pub=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&rft.date=1994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:元史/卷210"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7210">"卷210" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:元史"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B2"><i>元史</i> </a></span>. 琉求 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. <q>彭湖诸岛与琉求相对。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%B7210&rft.btitle=%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B2&rft.place=%E7%90%89%E6%B1%82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF屠薇君2004">屠薇君 2004</a>, 第二章 中國歷代王朝對台灣的開發</span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>東番記</i>. <q>The beginning of Yongle, Zheng Neiwu sailing advice to the barbarians, the East alone, do not listen to the agreement, so the family of a brass bell, so that the neck, cover the dog. To this day, it is still passed down as a treasure.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%9D%B1%E7%95%AA%E8%A8%98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1">"卷一沿革". <i>台湾府志</i>. <q>大井。明宣德间太监王三保到此，曾在此井取水，即今西定坊大井也。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%80%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E5%BA%9C%E5%BF%97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200313003758/http://qk.laicar.com/Home/Content/663095">"郑和下西洋与台湾"</a>. <i>东方收藏</i>: 2011012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qk.laicar.com/Home/Content/663095">the original</a> on 2020-03-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E6%94%B6%E8%97%8F&rft.atitle=%E9%83%91%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%8B%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE&rft.pages=2011012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqk.laicar.com%2FHome%2FContent%2F663095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004947/http://ikm.nmtl.gov.tw/index.php?option=com_klg&task=ddetail&id=1&Itemid=238">"海盜林道乾遭明都督俞大猷追擊，逃來臺灣，匿跡打鼓山。"</a>. <i>台湾文学知识平台</i>. 國立台灣文學館. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ikm.nmtl.gov.tw/index.php?option=com_klg&task=ddetail&id=1&Itemid=238">the original</a> on 2019-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%9C%E6%9E%97%E9%81%93%E4%B9%BE%E9%81%AD%E6%98%8E%E9%83%BD%E7%9D%A3%E4%BF%9E%E5%A4%A7%E7%8C%B7%E8%BF%BD%E6%93%8A%EF%BC%8C%E9%80%83%E4%BE%86%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%EF%BC%8C%E5%8C%BF%E8%B7%A1%E6%89%93%E9%BC%93%E5%B1%B1%E3%80%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fikm.nmtl.gov.tw%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_klg%26task%3Dddetail%26id%3D1%26Itemid%3D238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>台灣史小事典</i>. 遠流出版. 2000. p. 13. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9573241617" title="Special:BookSources/9573241617"><bdi>9573241617</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B2%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=%E9%81%A0%E6%B5%81%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9573241617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812153802/http://www.chinanews.com/2000-09-15/26/46586.html">"台湾——明代中国的海防要地"</a>. <i>中国新闻网</i>. 2000-09-15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinanews.com/2000-09-15/26/46586.html">the original</a> on 2019-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E6%98%8E%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E9%98%B2%E8%A6%81%E5%9C%B0&rft.date=2000-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinanews.com%2F2000-09-15%2F26%2F46586.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812082604/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhongguogudaishi/detail_2010_04/27/1461156_0.shtml">"明万历年间大将沈有容：被遗忘的收复台湾第一人"</a>. <i>凤凰网</i>. 2010-04-27. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhongguogudaishi/detail_2010_04/27/1461156_0.shtml">the original</a> on 2019-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%87%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E9%97%B4%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%86%E6%B2%88%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B9%EF%BC%9A%E8%A2%AB%E9%81%97%E5%BF%98%E7%9A%84%E6%94%B6%E5%A4%8D%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%BA&rft.date=2010-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ifeng.com%2Fhistory%2Fzhongguogudaishi%2Fdetail_2010_04%2F27%2F1461156_0.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098351.shtml">"历史上的收复台湾:1602年沈有容挥师入台灭倭寇"</a>. <i>新浪网</i>. 中国台湾网. 2005-10-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098351.shtml">the original</a> on 2019-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E6%94%B6%E5%A4%8D%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%3A1602%E5%B9%B4%E6%B2%88%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B9%E6%8C%A5%E5%B8%88%E5%85%A5%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%AD%E5%80%AD%E5%AF%87&rft.date=2005-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fc%2F2005-10-24%2F15118098351.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074351/http://www.phsea.com.tw/travel/index.php/%E5%85%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%A2%91%E6%B2%88%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B9%E8%AB%AD%E9%80%80%E7%B4%85%E6%AF%9B%E7%95%AA%E9%9F%8B%E9%BA%BB%E9%83%8E%E7%AD%89">"全台第一碑沈有容諭退紅毛番韋麻郎等"</a>. <i>澎湖资讯网</i>. 澎湖時報. 2006-07-19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phsea.com.tw/travel/index.php/全台第一碑沈有容諭退紅毛番韋麻郎等">the original</a> on 2016-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E8%B5%84%E8%AE%AF%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=%E5%85%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%A2%91%E6%B2%88%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B9%E8%AB%AD%E9%80%80%E7%B4%85%E6%AF%9B%E7%95%AA%E9%9F%8B%E9%BA%BB%E9%83%8E%E7%AD%89&rft.date=2006-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phsea.com.tw%2Ftravel%2Findex.php%2F%E5%85%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%A2%91%E6%B2%88%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B9%E8%AB%AD%E9%80%80%E7%B4%85%E6%AF%9B%E7%95%AA%E9%9F%8B%E9%BA%BB%E9%83%8E%E7%AD%89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:4-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFWills2006" class="citation book cs1">Wills, John E., Jr. (2006). "The Seventeenth-century Transformation: Taiwan under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime". In Rubinstein, Murray A. (ed.). <i>Taiwan: A New History</i>. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 84–106. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1495-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1495-7"><bdi>978-0-7656-1495-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Seventeenth-century+Transformation%3A+Taiwan+under+the+Dutch+and+the+Cheng+Regime&rft.btitle=Taiwan%3A+A+New+History&rft.pages=84-106&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-1495-7&rft.aulast=Wills&rft.aufirst=John+E.%2C+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF周婉窈" class="citation journal cs1">周婉窈. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017094119/http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~wanyaochou/paper/4-2.pdf">"〈明清文獻中「臺灣非明版圖」例證〉"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>《鄭欽仁教授榮退紀念論文集》</i>. 臺北市: 稻鄉出版: 267–293. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~wanyaochou/paper/4-2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> on 2013-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E9%84%AD%E6%AC%BD%E4%BB%81%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%E6%A6%AE%E9%80%80%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86%E3%80%8B&rft.atitle=%E3%80%88%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E4%B8%AD%E3%80%8C%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%9D%9E%E6%98%8E%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96%E3%80%8D%E4%BE%8B%E8%AD%89%E3%80%89&rft.pages=267-293&rft.au=%E5%91%A8%E5%A9%89%E7%AA%88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.ntu.edu.tw%2F~wanyaochou%2Fpaper%2F4-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190818051404/http://www.huaxia.com/zt/2001-19/32797.html">"彭文宇：历史上闽台家庭与家族交往"</a>. <i>华夏经纬</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huaxia.com/zt/2001-19/32797.html">the original</a> on 2019-08-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%8F%E7%BB%8F%E7%BA%AC&rft.atitle=%E5%BD%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AE%87%EF%BC%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%A4%E5%BE%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huaxia.com%2Fzt%2F2001-19%2F32797.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF屠薇君2004">屠薇君 2004</a>, Chapter 3: 明朝前期海峽兩岸關係的曲折發展</span>
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<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://www.tiprc.org.tw/blog_wp/?p=9403"><i>西班牙人在臺灣（1626-1642）</i></a>. 南投市: 國史館台灣文獻館. p. 36. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/986007769X" title="Special:BookSources/986007769X"><bdi>986007769X</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiprc.org.tw/blog_wp/?p=9403">the original</a> on 2019-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E4%BA%BA%E5%9C%A8%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%EF%BC%881626-1642%EF%BC%89&rft.place=%E5%8D%97%E6%8A%95%E5%B8%82&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2%E9%A4%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E9%A4%A8&rft.isbn=986007769X&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tiprc.org.tw%2Fblog_wp%2F%3Fp%3D9403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>福爾摩沙如何變成臺灣府?</i>. 遠流. 2007-03-07. p. 172. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789573259404" title="Special:BookSources/9789573259404"><bdi>9789573259404</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%AE%8A%E6%88%90%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%BA%9C%3F&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=%E9%81%A0%E6%B5%81&rft.date=2007-03-07&rft.isbn=9789573259404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Translated by Cheng Shaogang, The Dutch in Formosa, UNBEC, 2000</span>
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<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF馬德茂鄭保國張鵬程2004">馬德茂, 鄭保國 & 張鵬程 2004</a>, p. 139</span>
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<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%98%AD%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="zh:黃昭堂">黃昭堂</a> An Exploration of Taiwanese Consciousness before the Second World War," Essays on the Fall of Taiwan, Taipei: Modern Academic Research Foundation, p. 82</span>
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<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johannes Huber, translated by Lin Weisheng, "Chinese Immigrants Against the East India Company: The Guo Huaiyi Incident of 1652", Taiwan Literature, vol. 53, no. 3, p. 119</span>
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<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:zh:明史/卷323"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7323">"卷323" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:zh:明史"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2"><i>明史</i> </a></span> (in Chinese). 列傳第二百一十一 外國四 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%B7323&rft.btitle=%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2&rft.place=%E5%88%97%E5%82%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%99%BE%E4%B8%80%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80+%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%8B%E5%9B%9B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>海洋與殖民地臺灣論集</i>. 聯經出版事業公司. 2012-03-23. pp. 151–152. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9570839554" title="Special:BookSources/9570839554"><bdi>9570839554</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%88%87%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AB%96%E9%9B%86&rft.pages=151-152&rft.pub=%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%93%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft.date=2012-03-23&rft.isbn=9570839554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>臺灣史</i>. 台湾: 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. 2002. p. 52. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9571127388" title="Special:BookSources/9571127388"><bdi>9571127388</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B2&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9571127388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">陳錦昌，2004，《鄭成功的台灣時代》，p.053-073。台北：向日葵文化。</span>
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<li id="cite_note-:5-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF馬德茂鄭保國張鵬程2004">馬德茂, 鄭保國 & 張鵬程 2004</a>, 第四章 鄭成功收復台灣與清朝的統一</span>
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<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84" class="extiw" title="zh:先王實錄">先王實錄</a>》：「承天府安平鎮，本藩暫建都於此，文武各官及總鎮大小將領家眷暫住於此。」</span>
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<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1">"末代王孙朱術桂". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513121920/https://www.smcbook.com.tw/smc/index.php?route=product%2Fproduct&product_id=13189"><i>穿梭府城今昔</i></a>. 台南市政府. 2009. p. 64. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789868531635" title="Special:BookSources/9789868531635"><bdi>9789868531635</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smcbook.com.tw/smc/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=13189">the original</a> on 2021-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E6%9C%AB%E4%BB%A3%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%99%E6%9C%B1%E8%A1%93%E6%A1%82&rft.btitle=%E7%A9%BF%E6%A2%AD%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E4%BB%8A%E6%98%94&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=%E5%8F%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9789868531635&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smcbook.com.tw%2Fsmc%2Findex.php%3Froute%3Dproduct%2Fproduct%26product_id%3D13189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182244/http://www.jianglishi.cn/shijian/mzwc.html">"明郑王朝"</a>. <i>讲历史</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jianglishi.cn/shijian/mzwc.html">the original</a> on 2017-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%AE%B2%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&rft.atitle=%E6%98%8E%E9%83%91%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jianglishi.cn%2Fshijian%2Fmzwc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF林珮瑩" class="citation journal cs1">林珮瑩. "臺南孔廟的研究". <i>國立成功大學中國文學系碩博士班碩士論文</i>. 臺南市: 國立成功大學.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%A2%A9%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E7%8F%AD%E7%A2%A9%E5%A3%AB%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E5%AD%94%E5%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E7%8F%AE%E7%91%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:6-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:臺灣通史/卷2"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B72">"卷2" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:臺灣通史"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%B2"><i>臺灣通史</i> </a></span>. 建國紀. 1918 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%B72&rft.btitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%B2&rft.place=%E5%BB%BA%E5%9C%8B%E7%B4%80&rft.date=1918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">"鄭氏王朝及其對台灣的統治". <i>國立中山大學中山學術研究所碩士論文</i>. 高雄市: 國立中山大學. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80%E7%A2%A9%E5%A3%AB%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=%E9%84%AD%E6%B0%8F%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%B0%8D%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098353.shtml">"1683年康熙帝和平统一海峡两岸"</a>. <i>新浪网</i>. 中国台湾网. 2005-10-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-24/15118098353.shtml">the original</a> on 2019-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=1683%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8&rft.date=2005-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fc%2F2005-10-24%2F15118098353.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF王泰升薛化元黃世杰2015" class="citation book cs1">王泰升; 薛化元; 黃世杰 (2015-07-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305002642/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7OkYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&source=bl&ots=iDZ1RTDNK_&sig=LZ3AzFG8qV8m83n8wY6My6bmBt4&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG5da6_M_QAhUCW5QKHXfgAQQ4KBDoAQg_MAc#v=onepage&q=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&f=false"><i>追尋臺灣法律的足跡: 事件百選與法律史研究</i></a>. 台灣五南圖書出版股份有限公司. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789571178615" title="Special:BookSources/9789571178615"><bdi>9789571178615</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=7OkYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&source=bl&ots=iDZ1RTDNK_&sig=LZ3AzFG8qV8m83n8wY6My6bmBt4&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG5da6_M_QAhUCW5QKHXfgAQQ4KBDoAQg_MAc#v=onepage&q=%E6%B8%A1%E8%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E4%BB%A4&f=false">the original</a> on 2017-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%BF%BD%E5%B0%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%B6%B3%E8%B7%A1%3A+%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E7%99%BE%E9%81%B8%E8%88%87%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%8F%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pub=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft.date=2015-07-17&rft.isbn=9789571178615&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E6%B3%B0%E5%8D%87&rft.au=%E8%96%9B%E5%8C%96%E5%85%83&rft.au=%E9%BB%83%E4%B8%96%E6%9D%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7OkYCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA48%26lpg%3DPA48%26dq%3D%25E6%25B8%25A1%25E8%2587%25BA%25E7%25A6%2581%25E4%25BB%25A4%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DiDZ1RTDNK_%26sig%3DLZ3AzFG8qV8m83n8wY6My6bmBt4%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjG5da6_M_QAhUCW5QKHXfgAQQ4KBDoAQg_MAc%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%25E6%25B8%25A1%25E8%2587%25BA%25E7%25A6%2581%25E4%25BB%25A4%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:7-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012152530/https://books.google.de/books?id=-YMwbIzRE2AC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&source=bl&ots=lSxCzFbwGS&sig=98ZWYaLxV6Os1WdT3i14ReqbbMo&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8yPD7kdLPAhVrL8AKHYe9AH4Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&f=false"><i>闽台缘与闽南凤: 闽台关系, 闽台社会与闽南文化研究</i></a>. 福建教育出版社. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=-YMwbIzRE2AC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&source=bl&ots=lSxCzFbwGS&sig=98ZWYaLxV6Os1WdT3i14ReqbbMo&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8yPD7kdLPAhVrL8AKHYe9AH4Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&f=false">the original</a> on 2016-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E7%BC%98%E4%B8%8E%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E5%87%A4%3A+%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%2C+%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8E%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pub=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-YMwbIzRE2AC%26pg%3DPA15%26lpg%3DPA15%26dq%3D%25E9%2597%25BD%25E5%258F%25B0%25E5%2585%25B3%25E7%25B3%25BB%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DlSxCzFbwGS%26sig%3D98ZWYaLxV6Os1WdT3i14ReqbbMo%26hl%3Dzh-CN%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwj8yPD7kdLPAhVrL8AKHYe9AH4Q6AEIOTAD%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%25E9%2597%25BD%25E5%258F%25B0%25E5%2585%25B3%25E7%25B3%25BB%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E7%92%BD_(%E5%98%89%E6%85%B6%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%AB)" class="extiw" title="zh:周璽 (嘉慶進士)">周璽</a>《彰化縣志》卷六·田賦志·番丁</span>
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<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="zh:國立故宮博物院">國立故宮博物院</a>《宮中檔雍正朝奏摺》二十輯</span>
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<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130025300/http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2006/ypjh/a/a6.htm">"從漁獵到現代化"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2006/ypjh/a/a6.htm">the original</a> on 2016-11-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BE%9E%E6%BC%81%E7%8D%B5%E5%88%B0%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.taiwanschoolnet.org%2Fcyberfair2006%2Fypjh%2Fa%2Fa6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171218163752/http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2008/cowandhorse/4/4-2/index_.htm">"西皮福祿之爭"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/cyberfair2008/cowandhorse/4/4-2/index_.htm">the original</a> on 2017-12-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E7%9A%AE%E7%A6%8F%E7%A5%BF%E4%B9%8B%E7%88%AD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.taiwanschoolnet.org%2Fcyberfair2008%2Fcowandhorse%2F4%2F4-2%2Findex_.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160929123211/http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/web-life/taiwan/9608/9608-14.htm">"移民臺灣：臺灣移民歷史的考察"</a>. <i>台湾月刊</i>. 台湾省政府. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/web-life/taiwan/9608/9608-14.htm">the original</a> on 2016-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E6%9C%88%E5%88%8A&rft.atitle=%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%EF%BC%9A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E8%80%83%E5%AF%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsubtpg.tpg.gov.tw%2Fweb-life%2Ftaiwan%2F9608%2F9608-14.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1">"第八篇3.是是非非李鸿章". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zheyangdushigeng0000yuqi"><i>这样读史更有趣</i></a>. 中国城市出版社. 2007-05-01. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787507418552" title="Special:BookSources/9787507418552"><bdi>9787507418552</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E7%AF%873.%E6%98%AF%E6%98%AF%E9%9D%9E%E9%9D%9E%E6%9D%8E%E9%B8%BF%E7%AB%A0&rft.btitle=%E8%BF%99%E6%A0%B7%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%B2%E6%9B%B4%E6%9C%89%E8%B6%A3&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2007-05-01&rft.isbn=9787507418552&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fzheyangdushigeng0000yuqi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>近代中國外交的巨變——外交制度與中外關係變化的研究</i>. 香港: 商務出版社. 1991. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789570503968" title="Special:BookSources/9789570503968"><bdi>9789570503968</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A8%E8%AE%8A%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E8%88%87%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%96%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9789570503968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190305004946/http://lishi.zhuixue.net/renwu/zuozongtang/25415.html">"台防紧要请移福建巡抚驻台镇摄折（1885年7月29日）"</a>. <i>追学网</i>. 2015-10-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lishi.zhuixue.net/renwu/zuozongtang/25415.html">the original</a> on 2019-03-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%BF%BD%E5%AD%A6%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%B0%E9%98%B2%E7%B4%A7%E8%A6%81%E8%AF%B7%E7%A7%BB%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E5%B7%A1%E6%8A%9A%E9%A9%BB%E5%8F%B0%E9%95%87%E6%91%84%E6%8A%98%EF%BC%881885%E5%B9%B47%E6%9C%8829%E6%97%A5%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2015-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flishi.zhuixue.net%2Frenwu%2Fzuozongtang%2F25415.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">劉寧顏 編：《重修臺灣省通志》，<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:臺北市">臺北市</a>；<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" class="extiw" title="zh:臺灣省文獻委員會">臺灣省文獻委員會</a>，1994年。</span>
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<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:清史稿/卷416"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7416">"卷416" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:清史稿"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF"><i>清史稿</i> </a></span>. 卷四百十六 劉銘傳 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%B7416&rft.btitle=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF&rft.place=%E5%8D%B7%E5%9B%9B%E7%99%BE%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD+%E5%8A%89%E9%8A%98%E5%82%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF馬德茂鄭保國張鵬程2004">馬德茂, 鄭保國 & 張鵬程 2004</a>, p. 194, 台湾建省与刘铭传“理番”</span>
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<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">"劉銘傳新政之研究". <i>銘傳大學應用中國文學系碩士在職專班碩士論文</i>. 桃園縣: 銘傳大學. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%8A%98%E5%82%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%A2%A9%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%A8%E8%81%B7%E5%B0%88%E7%8F%AD%E7%A2%A9%E5%A3%AB%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=%E5%8A%89%E9%8A%98%E5%82%B3%E6%96%B0%E6%94%BF%E4%B9%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF王育德1979" class="citation book cs1">王育德 (1979). <i>《臺灣：苦悶的歷史》</i> (中文修訂版 ed.). 東京都: 臺灣青年社. p. 107.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%EF%BC%9A%E8%8B%A6%E6%82%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&rft.place=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD&rft.pages=107&rft.edition=%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E7%89%88&rft.pub=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=1979&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E8%82%B2%E5%BE%B7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>日本帝國主義下之臺灣</i>. 財團法人吳三連台灣史料基金會. 2014-12-10. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789868973749" title="Special:BookSources/9789868973749"><bdi>9789868973749</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%B8%8B%E4%B9%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3&rft.pub=%E8%B2%A1%E5%9C%98%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%99%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft.isbn=9789868973749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305022624/http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~hi/chinese/HISBOOK10/His_10_1.pdf">"日治時期臺灣總督府對福建鐵路的規劃與佈局（1898-1912）"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>《史匯》</i>. 國立中央大學歷史研究所. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~hi/chinese/HISBOOK10/His_10_1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-27</span></span>. <q>Soon after the Japanese took over Taiwan, they used Taiwan as their base and started the invasion of Fujian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%8F%B2%E5%8C%AF%E3%80%8B&rft.atitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%B0%8D%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E7%9A%84%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83%E8%88%87%E4%BD%88%E5%B1%80%EF%BC%881898-1912%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncu.edu.tw%2F~hi%2Fchinese%2FHISBOOK10%2FHis_10_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021000809/http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn:8080/dspace/bitstream/id/36627/license.txt/;jsessionid=8C15120CCC8C57E2C593C49793E9EADA">"略论日据时期台湾总督府对厦门的新闻殖民活动"</a>. <i>中国青年政治学院学报</i>: 125. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn:8080/dspace/bitstream/id/36627/license.txt/;jsessionid=8C15120CCC8C57E2C593C49793E9EADA">the original</a> on 2016-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5&rft.atitle=%E7%95%A5%E8%AE%BA%E6%97%A5%E6%8D%AE%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%AF%B9%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8&rft.pages=125&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdspace.xmu.edu.cn%3A8080%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2Fid%2F36627%2Flicense.txt%2F%3Bjsessionid%3D8C15120CCC8C57E2C593C49793E9EADA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161020174143/http://fj.people.com.cn/BIG5/n2/2016/0321/c234949-27973471-2.html">"1900年美國報紙頭版的"廈門事件" 究竟發生了什麼事"</a>. <i>人民网</i>. 1900年美國報紙頭版的“廈門事件” 究竟發生了什麼事. 2016-03-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fj.people.com.cn/BIG5/n2/2016/0321/c234949-27973471-2.html">the original</a> on 2016-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=1900%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%88%E7%9A%84%E2%80%9C%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E2%80%9D+%E7%A9%B6%E7%AB%9F%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%86%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E4%BA%8B&rft.date=2016-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffj.people.com.cn%2FBIG5%2Fn2%2F2016%2F0321%2Fc234949-27973471-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF莊永明" class="citation book cs1">莊永明. <i>臺灣百人傳</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9571333271" title="Special:BookSources/9571333271"><bdi>9571333271</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%99%BE%E4%BA%BA%E5%82%B3&rft.isbn=9571333271&rft.au=%E8%8E%8A%E6%B0%B8%E6%98%8E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF馬德茂鄭保國張鵬程2004">馬德茂, 鄭保國 & 張鵬程 2004</a>, 第七章 從五四運動到台灣光復期間海峽兩岸革命情結</span>
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<li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922020931/https://gushi.tw/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%96%B0%E7%AB%B9%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%A0%81%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2/">"敵機來襲！──中美盟軍轟炸臺灣的歷史全記錄"</a>. <i>Story Studio Inc</i>. 2015-12-25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gushi.tw/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%96%B0%E7%AB%B9%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%A0%81%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2/">the original</a> on 2018-09-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Story+Studio+Inc&rft.atitle=%E6%95%B5%E6%A9%9F%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%B2%EF%BC%81%E2%94%80%E2%94%80%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%85%A8%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%84&rft.date=2015-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgushi.tw%2F%25E7%25A9%25BA%25E8%25A5%25B2%25E6%2596%25B0%25E7%25AB%25B9%25EF%25BC%259A%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E7%25BE%258E%25E7%259B%259F%25E8%25BB%258D%25E8%25BD%259F%25E7%2582%25B8%25E8%2587%25BA%25E7%2581%25A3%25E7%259A%2584%25E4%25B8%2580%25E9%25A0%2581%25E6%25AD%25B7%25E5%258F%25B2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:國民政府對日本宣戰布告"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%B0%8D%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%A3%E6%88%B0%E5%B8%83%E5%91%8A"><i>國民政府對日本宣戰布告</i> </a></span>. 1941-12-09 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. <q>所有一切條約、協定、合同，有涉及中、日間之關係者，一律廢止。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%B0%8D%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%A3%E6%88%B0%E5%B8%83%E5%91%8A&rft.date=1941-12-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203754/http://museum.mnd.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=1458&p=59307">"中美混合團成立70週年紀念特展－空襲日軍駐新竹基地（民國32年11月25日）"</a>. <i>国军历史文物馆</i>. 國防部. 2014-03-31. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.mnd.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=1458&p=59307">the original</a> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9B%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E5%9C%98%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B70%E9%80%B1%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%89%B9%E5%B1%95%EF%BC%8D%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%97%A5%E8%BB%8D%E9%A7%90%E6%96%B0%E7%AB%B9%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0%EF%BC%88%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B32%E5%B9%B411%E6%9C%8825%E6%97%A5%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2014-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.mnd.gov.tw%2FPublish.aspx%3Fcnid%3D1458%26p%3D59307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:開羅宣言"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80"><i>開羅宣言</i> </a></span>. 1943-12-01 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. <q>all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and The Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E9%96%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80&rft.date=1943-12-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:中美英三國促令日本投降之波茨坦公告"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E8%8B%B1%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E4%BF%83%E4%BB%A4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D%E4%B9%8B%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A"><i>中美英三國促令日本投降之波茨坦公告</i> </a></span>. 1945-07-26 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. <q>(8) The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E8%8B%B1%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E4%BF%83%E4%BB%A4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D%E4%B9%8B%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A&rft.date=1945-07-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:降伏文書"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E4%BC%8F%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8"><i>降伏文書</i> </a></span>. 1945-09-02 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. <q>茲接受美、中、英三國政府首領於一九四五年七月二十六日在波茨坦所發表，其後又經蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯邦所加入之公告所列舉之條款。中英美蘇四國在此文件中將被稱為盟邦。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E9%99%8D%E4%BC%8F%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8&rft.date=1945-09-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422123809/http://www.readbooks.cc/book/11/detail_769730.htm"><i>天皇和日本投降</i></a>. 档案出版社. 1992. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787800193330" title="Special:BookSources/9787800193330"><bdi>9787800193330</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readbooks.cc/book/11/detail_769730.htm">the original</a> on 2017-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%92%8C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D&rft.pub=%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9787800193330&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readbooks.cc%2Fbook%2F11%2Fdetail_769730.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307041730/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=9BDC9C8320E17429">"異哉所謂「臺灣法律地位未定論」：請勿自我矮化國格"</a>. <i>中華民國外交部</i>. 2011-09-28. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=9BDC9C8320E17429">the original</a> on 2016-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8&rft.atitle=%E7%95%B0%E5%93%89%E6%89%80%E8%AC%82%E3%80%8C%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%9A%E8%AB%96%E3%80%8D%EF%BC%9A%E8%AB%8B%E5%8B%BF%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E7%9F%AE%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8B%E6%A0%BC&rft.date=2011-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.gov.tw%2FMobile%2FTaiwanStatus_Content.aspx%3Fs%3D9BDC9C8320E17429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170817121812/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=A421F866010C8490">"「臺灣的國際法地位」說帖"</a>. <i>中華民國外交部</i>. 2010-03-23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.gov.tw/Mobile/TaiwanStatus_Content.aspx?s=A421F866010C8490">the original</a> on 2017-08-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E3%80%8D%E8%AA%AA%E5%B8%96&rft.date=2010-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.gov.tw%2FMobile%2FTaiwanStatus_Content.aspx%3Fs%3DA421F866010C8490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814024152/https://www.hk01.com/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F/802975/%E8%A9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%BD%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80-%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4%E8%8A%BB%E8%AD%B0">"詳解第三份統一白皮書 北京發出「台灣特區」談判芻議原文網址: 詳解第三份統一白皮書 北京發出「台灣特區」談判芻議"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hk01.com/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F/802975/%E8%A9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%BD%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80-%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4%E8%8A%BB%E8%AD%B0">the original</a> on 2022-08-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E8%A9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%BD%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%80%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA%E3%80%8C%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80%E3%80%8D%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4%E8%8A%BB%E8%AD%B0%E5%8E%9F%E6%96%87%E7%B6%B2%E5%9D%80%3A+%E8%A9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%BD%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%80%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA%E3%80%8C%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80%E3%80%8D%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4%E8%8A%BB%E8%AD%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hk01.com%2F%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259C%258B%25E8%25A7%2580%25E5%25AF%259F%2F802975%2F%25E8%25A9%25B3%25E8%25A7%25A3%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2589%25E4%25BB%25BD%25E7%25B5%25B1%25E4%25B8%2580%25E7%2599%25BD%25E7%259A%25AE%25E6%259B%25B8-%25E5%258C%2597%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E7%2599%25BC%25E5%2587%25BA-%25E5%258F%25B0%25E7%2581%25A3%25E7%2589%25B9%25E5%258D%2580-%25E8%25AB%2587%25E5%2588%25A4%25E8%258A%25BB%25E8%25AD%25B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.cn/politics/2022-08/16/c_1128918378.htm">"中共中央台办发言人受权宣布对列入清单的一批"台独"顽固分子等人员实施制裁"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%8F%B0%E5%8A%9E%E5%8F%91%E8%A8%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%97%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E5%AF%B9%E5%88%97%E5%85%A5%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%95%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E6%89%B9%E2%80%9C%E5%8F%B0%E7%8B%AC%E2%80%9D%E9%A1%BD%E5%9B%BA%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%BA%E5%91%98%E5%AE%9E%E6%96%BD%E5%88%B6%E8%A3%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.cn%2Fpolitics%2F2022-08%2F16%2Fc_1128918378.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yicai.com/news/101723952.html">"国台办宣布对宣扬"台独"的有关机构予以惩戒"</a>. 2023-04-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%8A%9E%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E5%AF%B9%E5%AE%A3%E6%89%AC%E2%80%9C%E5%8F%B0%E7%8B%AC%E2%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%BA%88%E4%BB%A5%E6%83%A9%E6%88%92&rft.date=2023-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yicai.com%2Fnews%2F101723952.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Source">Source</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Source">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Books">Books</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1054258005">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF屠薇君2004" class="citation cs2">屠薇君 (2004-12-01), 张春英 (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042256/https://www.amazon.cn/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6/dp/B00QUHQR5Y"><i>海峡两岸关系史（第1卷）：開發·融合</i></a>, 福建人民出版社, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/7211046767" title="Special:BookSources/7211046767"><bdi>7211046767</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.cn/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6/dp/B00QUHQR5Y">the original</a> on 2017-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-29</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%8F%B2%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC1%E5%8D%B7%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%C2%B7%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88&rft.pub=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.isbn=7211046767&rft.au=%E5%B1%A0%E8%96%87%E5%90%9B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.cn%2F%25E5%259B%25BE%25E4%25B9%25A6%2Fdp%2FB00QUHQR5Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF馬德茂鄭保國張鵬程2004" class="citation cs2">馬德茂; 鄭保國; 張鵬程 (2004), 张春英 (ed.), <i>海峡两岸关系史（第2卷）：變亂·回歸</i>, 福建人民出版社, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787211043491" title="Special:BookSources/9787211043491"><bdi>9787211043491</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%8F%B2%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC2%E5%8D%B7%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A%E8%AE%8A%E4%BA%82%C2%B7%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8&rft.pub=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9787211043491&rft.au=%E9%A6%AC%E5%BE%B7%E8%8C%82&rft.au=%E9%84%AD%E4%BF%9D%E5%9C%8B&rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E9%B5%AC%E7%A8%8B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF张春英2004" class="citation cs2">张春英 (2004-12-01), <i>海峡两岸关系史（第3卷）：內爭·對峙</i>, 福建人民出版社, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789867359902" title="Special:BookSources/9789867359902"><bdi>9789867359902</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%8F%B2%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC3%E5%8D%B7%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A7%E7%88%AD%C2%B7%E5%B0%8D%E5%B3%99&rft.pub=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.isbn=9789867359902&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E6%98%A5%E8%8B%B1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF张春英2004" class="citation cs2">张春英 (2004-12-01), <i>海峡两岸关系史（第4卷）：缓和·统一</i>, 福建人民出版社, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/7211044578" title="Special:BookSources/7211044578"><bdi>7211044578</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1%E4%B8%A4%E5%B2%B8%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%8F%B2%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC4%E5%8D%B7%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A%E7%BC%93%E5%92%8C%C2%B7%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80&rft.pub=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.isbn=7211044578&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E6%98%A5%E8%8B%B1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF林滿紅1994" class="citation cs2"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%BB%BF%E7%B4%85" class="mw-redirect" title="林滿紅">林滿紅</a> (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041159/http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53"><i>四百年來的兩岸分合: 一個經貿史的回顧</i></a>, 臺北: 自立晚報社文化出版部, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9575962885" title="Special:BookSources/9575962885"><bdi>9575962885</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hakka.ncu.edu.tw/Hakka_historyTeach/abstract_detail.php?sn=53">the original</a> on 2017-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-07</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%9B%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E4%BE%86%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E5%88%86%E5%90%88%3A+%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E7%B6%93%E8%B2%BF%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%A7&rft.place=%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97&rft.pub=%E8%87%AA%E7%AB%8B%E6%99%9A%E5%A0%B1%E7%A4%BE%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%83%A8&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9575962885&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E6%BB%BF%E7%B4%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhakka.ncu.edu.tw%2FHakka_historyTeach%2Fabstract_detail.php%3Fsn%3D53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF梁華璜2001" class="citation cs2">梁華璜 (2001), <i>臺灣總督府的「對岸」政策研究：日據時代台閩關係史</i>, 台北: 稻鄉出版社, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9579628777" title="Special:BookSources/9579628777"><bdi>9579628777</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8C%E5%B0%8D%E5%B2%B8%E3%80%8D%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%93%9A%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B0%E9%96%A9%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97&rft.pub=%E7%A8%BB%E9%84%89%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9579628777&rft.au=%E6%A2%81%E8%8F%AF%E7%92%9C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF邵宗海2001" class="citation cs2">邵宗海 (2001-11-01), <i>兩岸關係－陳水扁的大陸政策</i>, 台北: 生智出版社, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789578183292" title="Special:BookSources/9789578183292"><bdi>9789578183292</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%EF%BC%8D%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97&rft.pub=%E7%94%9F%E6%99%BA%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.isbn=9789578183292&rft.au=%E9%82%B5%E5%AE%97%E6%B5%B7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREF邵宗海2017" class="citation cs2">邵宗海 (2017-02-25), <i>蔡英文時代的兩岸關係（2016-2020）</i>, 台北: 五南出版社, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789571190068" title="Special:BookSources/9789571190068"><bdi>9789571190068</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%EF%BC%882016-2020%EF%BC%89&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97&rft.pub=%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%97%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2017-02-25&rft.isbn=9789571190068&rft.au=%E9%82%B5%E5%AE%97%E6%B5%B7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Cross-Strait+Relations" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_Links">External Links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External Links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHlfuipK5_0">Cross-Strait Relations Interpreted Differently by Past Heads of State - MinTV News</a></li></ul></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1682909671' |