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'{{Short description|Ukrainian tactical ballistic missile}} {{Expand Ukrainian|Грім_(ОТРК)|date=August 2022}} {{Infobox weapon |is_missile=yes |name = Hrim-2 |image = Grim tactical missile 2.jpg |image_size = 300 |caption = Scale model of Grom (Hrim) missile on display in 2016 |origin = Ukraine |type = [[Tactical ballistic missile]] |service = Not announced |vehicle_range = {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} – {{convert|400-500|km|mi|abbr=on}} |filling = {{convert|500|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |engine = Single-stage solid propellant |guidance = |accuracy = |speed = |length = |diameter = |weight = |payload_capacity = |manufacturer = [[KB Pivdenne]], YuMZ Pivdenmash, PMZ pavlovo, hartron Lorta |unit_cost = |used_by = [[Ukrainian Ground Forces]] |launch_platform = }} [[File:Sapsan (missile system).jpg|thumb|Hrim-2 [[transporter erector launcher]] in rehearsal for parade in 2018]] '''Hrіm-2''', '''Grom''' or '''OTRK Sapsan''' ({{lang-ua|ОТРК "Сапсан"|lit=peregrine falcon}}),<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Joseph |last1=Trevithick |first2= Tyler |last2=Rogoway |date=9 August 2022 |title=Does Ukraine have a stash of domestically developed ballistic missiles? |url= https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/does-ukraine-have-a-stash-of-domestically-developed-ballistic-missiles |website=The Drive |department=The Warzone }}</ref> also known as '''Operational-Tactical Missile System Hrim''' ({{lang-ua|Оперативно-тактичний ракетний комплекс «Грім»|lit=thunder|translit=Operatyvno-taktychnyi raketnyi kompleks "Hrim"}}), is a [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[short-range ballistic missile]] system being developed by [[KB Pivdenne]] and [[PA Pivdenmash]], designed to combine the features of a tactical missile system and a multiple rocket launcher. The original Sapsan version of the missile, for Ukraine's own use, was to have a range of 500 kilometers.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.ukrweekly.com/uwwp/ukraine-expands-its-missile-capabilities/ |title=Ukraine expands its missile capabilities |first=Anton |last=Mikhnenko |date=26 April 2019 |work=The Ukrainian Weekly |agency=Eurasia Daily Monitor |access-date=29 November 2022}}</ref> The later Hrim-2 version, developed for export, has a range limited to 280 kilometers, in order to fall within the 300-kilometre limit set by the [[Missile Technology Control Regime]], which seeks to limit the proliferation of missiles and missile technology.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/grom.htm |title = Grom short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) |website=[[GlobalSecurity.org]]}}</ref> ==History== In 2006 the [[National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine]] recognised the need for a missile system that would be better than Ukraine's aging [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[OTR-21 Tochka|Tochka-U]], which had a maximum range of 120 km and could only be overhauled and upgraded by Russian companies. [[KB Pivdenne]] was given the task of developing a new missile designated the "Sapsan". The [[Ministry of Defence (Ukraine)|Ministry of Defence]] and Pivdenne agreed on operational requirements in September 2007. Funding for the project was halted in 2009–2010, following the global [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]], then resumed in November 2011, albeit at a low amount, before being terminated in 2013.<ref name=burst>{{cite web |url= https://old.defence-ua.com/index.php/en/publications/defense-express-publications/6582-a-burst-of-thunder |title=A burst of "Thunder" |first=Serhiy |last=Zghurets |date=14 February 2019 |work=Defense Express |access-date=28 November 2022}}</ref> In 2011 arms dealers started offering foreign customers a new missile system called "Hrim",{{explain|how is this "Hrim", sold by international arms dealers, related to the previous Ukrainian-developed Hrim, which program was terminated before production and operational use???|date=March 2023}} and after two years, Pivdenne was contracted by an undisclosed country to develop the Hrim-2. In 2014, after the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] had begun, Pivdenne proposed restarting the Sapsan project, using its experience developing the Hrim-2, with a view to having Sapsan ready for evaluation by 2018. The government agreed.<ref name=burst/> Work on Hrim-2 was announced at the {{ill|Arms and Security|uk|Зброя та безпека}} exhibition in Kyiv in 2014. In 2016 it was reported that [[Saudi Arabia]] had provided US$40 million for the research and development.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/ukraine_unveils_new_grom-2_short-range_ballistic_missile.html |title=Ukraine unveils new Grom-2 short-range ballistic missile |date=3 January 2018 |work=Army Recognition |access-date=28 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine unveils new Hrim-2 short-range ballistic missile (photos, video) |date=3 January 2018 |url= https://www.unian.info/economics/2329504-ukraine-unveils-new-hrim-2-short-range-ballistic-missile-photos.html |publisher=[[UNIAN]]}}</ref> A photograph of the chassis of a Hrim-2 [[transporter erector launcher]] appeared in May 2017; each vehicle could carry and launch two missiles.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://mil.in.ua/uk/vrazhayuchi-foto-vitchyznyanoho-raketnoho-kompleksu-hrim-2/ |title=Вражаючі фото вітчизняного ракетного комплексу "Грім-2" |trans-title=Impressive photos of the domestic missile complex "Hrim-2" |language=uk |date=2 January 2018 |work=Mil.in.ua |publisher=Ukrainian Military Center |access-date=28 November 2022}}</ref> In April 2019 it was announced that two Hrim-2 [[Test article (aerospace)|prototypes]] had been produced, one for testing by Saudi Arabia and the other to be tested by the [[Armed Forces of Ukraine]]. Saudi Arabia was expected to test their test article one later in 2019, with the system planned to enter service in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2019/04/otrk.html |title=Виготовлено дослідний зразок ОТРК для випробувань ЗСУ |trans-title=A pilot sample of OTRK was produced for testing by the Armed Forces |language=uk |date=22 April 2019 |work=Ukrainian Military Pages |access-date=28 November 2022}}</ref> {{citation needed span|date=August 2022|Due to lack of funding from the Ukrainian government, the project was frozen in 2019 at the testing phase. }} In October 2020, it was announced that US$300 million would be needed to complete the testing of Ukraine's prototype.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/na-zavershennya-vyprobuvan-otrk-potribno-300-mln-dolariv/ |title=На завершення випробувань ОТРК потрібно 300 млн доларів |trans-title=300 million dollars are needed to complete the OTRK tests |language=uk |date=12 October 2020 |work=Mil.in.ua |publisher=Ukrainian Military Center |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref> In February 2021 the government decided to sign a contract to fund the production of a test battery consisting of two transporter erector launchers, two loading machines, and two control units (one for the battery commander and the other for the division commander).<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2021/02/otrk.html |title=Міноборони цього року придбає дивізіон ОТРК «Сапсан» |trans-title=The Ministry of Defense will acquire the OTRK "Sapsan" battery this year |language=uk |date=19 February 2021 |work=Ukrainian Military Pages |access-date=28 November 2022}}</ref> The contract had not yet been signed by April of 2021, but the Ministry of Defense hoped to do so in 2–3 months.<ref name=defenceua20210416>{{cite web |url= https://defence-ua.com/army_and_war/oleksandr_mironjuk_v_2021_rotsi_u_vijska_bude_postavleno_ponad_30_tisjach_najmenuvan_ovt-3437.html |title=Олександр Миронюк: в 2021 році у війська буде поставлено понад 30 тисяч найменувань ОВТ |trans-title=Oleksandr Myronyuk: in 2021, more than 30,000 types of anti-terrorist weapons will be supplied to the military |date=16 April 2021 |work=Defense Express |access-date=29 November 2022}}</ref>{{update after|2023|3|8}} ==Explosions at Saky airbase, Novofedorivka== Several large [[2022 Novofedorivka explosions|explosions occurred at Saky airbase]] at Novofedorivka in Russian-occupied [[Crimea]], 220 km from the frontline, on 9 August 2022. The cause was unclear, but several media outlets discussed the possibility it was Hrim-2.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tylaz.net/2022/08/10/explosion-in-crimea-what-weapons-ukraine-might-have-used-in-the-attack-in-novofedorivka-26/ |title=Explosion in Crimea: What weapons Ukraine might have used in the attack in Novofedorivka |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2022-08-10 |website=www.tylaz.net |publisher= |access-date=2022-08-11 |quote=}}</ref> == Operational History == === Russo-Ukrainian War === On May 6, 2023, Russian officials reported that two Ukrainian "Grom-2" ballistic missiles were successfully shot down over the [[Crimea]] by Russian air defenses. No casualties or damages have been reported.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two ballistic missiles downed over Crimea, according to updated information – authorities |url=https://tass.com/emergencies/1614495 |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=TASS}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> Hrim-2 - Sapsan missile complex, Kyiv, 2018 25.jpg Hrim-2 - Sapsan missile complex, Kyiv, 2018 01.jpg Hrim-2 - Sapsan missile complex, Kyiv, 2018 30.jpg Hrim-2 - Sapsan missile complex, Kyiv, 2018 31.jpg Hrim-2 - Sapsan missile complex, Kyiv 2018, 33.jpg Hrim-2 - Sapsan missile complex, Kyiv 2018, 43.jpg Grim tactical missile 1.jpg </gallery> ==See also== * [[R-360 Neptune]], Ukrainian * [[Vilkha]], Ukrainian * [[9K720 Iskander]], Russian * [[LORA (missile)]], Israeli * [[Sky Spear]], Taiwanese ==References== {{reflist}} {{ModernUKRAFVsNav | style= wide }} [[Category:Ballistic missiles of Ukraine]] [[Category:Surface-to-surface missiles]] [[Category:Theatre ballistic missiles]]'