Examine individual changes

'{{This|the Star Trek franchise}} {{Infobox Media franchises |head color= |label color= |title=Star Trek |image=StarTrek Logo 2007.JPG |imagesize=225 |image caption=The ''Star Trek'' franchise logo, featuring [[James T. Kirk|Captain Kirk]] ([[William Shatner]]) (left) and [[Spock|Mr. Spock]] ([[Leonard Nimoy]]) |creator=[[Gene Roddenberry]] |origin=''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'' (1966) }} <!--editnote | NOTE: As prescribed in the Star Trek WikiProject, genre/generic references to Star Trek and the franchise should NOT be italicized, while references to the original series ARE. Formatting that is inconsistent with this will be corrected. For clarity: when making references to the original series, please endeavor to use the retronym ''Star Trek: The Original Series'' (''ST:TOS'', ''TOS'') instead. Thank you!--> '''''Star Trek''''' is an American [[Science fiction on television|science fiction]] entertainment series and [[media franchise]]. The ''Star Trek'' [[fictional universe]] created by [[Gene Roddenberry]] is the setting of six television series including the original 1966 ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'', and eleven feature films. The franchise also extends to dozens of computer and video games, hundreds of novels and instances of [[fan fiction]], several [[Star Trek fan productions|fan-created video productions]], as well as [[Star Trek: The Experience|a themed attraction]] in [[Las Vegas metropolitan area|Las Vegas]]. Beginning with the original TV series and continuing with the subsequent films and series, the franchise has created a [[cult following|cult phenomenon]] and has spawned many [[pop culture]] references.<ref>{{cite news | last =Italie| first =Hillel| title =Potter Reaches Cult Phenomenon Status| work =[[Seattle Times]]| publisher =[[Associated Press]]| date =2007-07-02| url =http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2003769419_webpotter02.html| accessdate =December 15 2008 }} In this article, the status of Star Trek as a cult phenomenon is repeatedly taken as read.</ref> ==Conception and setting== As early as 1960, [[Gene Roddenberry]] had put together a proposal for the science fiction series which would become ''Star Trek''. Although he publicly marketed it as a Western in outer space, a so-called "[[Wagon Train]] to the Stars", he privately told friends that he was actually modeling it on Swift's [[Gulliver's Travels]], intending each episode to act on two levels, first as a suspenseful adventure story, but also as a morality parable.<ref>See David Alexander, "Star Trek Creator.The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry" and interview with Roddenberry in "Something about the Author" by Gale Research Company and chapter 11 of "Trash Culture: Popular Culture and the Great Tradition" by Richard Keller Simon</ref> In the Star Trek universe, [[Human (Star Trek)|humans]] developed [[faster-than-light]] space travel, using a form of propulsion referred to as "[[warp drive]]", following a nuclear war and a post-apocalyptic period in the mid-21st century. According to the story timeline, the first warp flight happened on [[5 April]] [[2063]], and the [[Vulcan (Star Trek)|Vulcans]], an advanced alien race, made [[first contact (science fiction)|first contact]] with [[Earth]] on that day after detecting the warp drive signature. Partly as a result of the intervention and scientific teachings of the Vulcans, humans largely overcame many Earth-bound frailties and vices by the middle of the 22nd century, creating a quasi-[[utopia]]n society where the central role is played not by money, but rather by the need for exploration and knowledge. Later, mankind united with some of the other [[Sentience|sentient]] [[species]] of the [[Milky Way|galaxy]], including the Vulcans, to form the [[United Federation of Planets]]. Star Trek stories usually depict the adventures of humans and aliens who serve in the Federation's [[Starfleet]]. The protagonists are essentially [[altruism|altruists]] whose ideals are sometimes only imperfectly applied to the dilemmas presented in the series. The conflicts and political dimensions of Star Trek form allegories for contemporary cultural realities: ''Star Trek: The Original Series'' addressed issues of the 1960s,<ref>{{cite web| last =Snyder| first =J. William, Jr.| title =Star Trek: A Phenomenon and Social Statement on the 1960s| publisher =self-published| year =1995| url =http://www.ibiblio.org/jwsnyder/wisdom/trek.html| accessdate =December 15 2008}}</ref> just as later spin-offs have reflected issues of their respective eras. Issues depicted in the various series include [[war]] and [[peace]], the value of personal loyalty, [[authoritarianism]], [[imperialism]], [[class warfare]], [[economics]], [[racism]], [[religion]], [[human rights]], [[sexism]] and [[feminism]], and the role of [[technology]].<ref name="smith"/> Gene Roddenberry stated: "[By creating] a new world with new rules, I could make statements about sex, religion, Vietnam, politics, and intercontinental missiles. Indeed, we did make them on ''Star Trek'': we were sending messages and fortunately they all got by the network."<ref name="smith">{{cite book|title=American Science Fiction TV: Star Trek, Stargate and Beyond|last=Johnson-Smith|first=Jan |publisher=I B Tauris & Co Ltd|year= 2005|pages=57, 79–85|isbn= 1860648827}}</ref> ==Television series== {{Split section|List of Star Trek television series|date=May 2009}} ''Star Trek'' originated as a television series in 1966, although it had been in the planning stages for at least six years prior to that.<ref>{{cite book | last = Whitfield| first = Stephen E.| coauthors = Roddenberry, Gene | title = The Making of Star Trek| year = 1971| publisher = Ballantine Books| isbn = 0345216210}}</ref> It was canceled after its third television season due to low ratings. It was, however, highly popular with science-fiction fans and engineering students, in spite of generally low [[Nielsen ratings]]. During its original run, it was nominated several times for the [[Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation]] and won twice: for the two-parter "[[The Menagerie (Star Trek)|The Menagerie]]" and the [[Harlan Ellison]]-written episode "[[The City on the Edge of Forever]]". (See also [[#Science-fiction_Awards_and_honors|Awards]] below.) It has served as the foundation for four additional live-action television series, one animated television series and eleven theatrical films. The most recent film, simply titled ''[[Star Trek (film)|Star Trek]]'', was released on May 8, 2009.<ref name="smith"/><ref name="Low Ratings">{{cite news | last=Wilonsky| first =Robert| url=http://www.salon.com/ent/feature/1999/10/29/trek/index.html | title=The trouble with "Trek" | work=[[Salon.com]] | date=October 29 1999 | accessdate=December 15 2008}}</ref> The six television series comprise a total of [[List of Star Trek episodes|716 episodes]] - 10 of which are feature-length - across 23 seasons (30 when counting seasons that aired concurrently). See [[Lengths of science fiction film and television series]] for more on comparative series lengths. ===''The Original Series'' (1966&ndash;1969)=== {{Main|Star Trek: The Original Series}} ''Star Trek'', also known as "TOS" or The Original Series, debuted in the United States on [[NBC]] on September 8, 1966.<ref name="TOS debut">{{cite news | last =Lee| first =Luaine| title ='Star Trek' turns 40| work =[[San Jose Mercury News]]| publisher =[[McClatchy News]]| date =August 18 2006| url =http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/entertainment/15305203.htm| archiveurl =http://web.archive.org/web/20060901115942/http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/entertainment/15305203.htm| archivedate = September 1 2006| accessdate =December 15 2008 }}</ref> The show tells the tale of the crew of the [[starship]] ''[[USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)|Enterprise]]'' and its crew's five-year mission "to boldly go [[where no man has gone before]]." The original 1966-1969 television series featured [[William Shatner]] as Captain [[James T. Kirk|James Tiberius Kirk]], [[Leonard Nimoy]] as [[Spock]], [[DeForest Kelley]] as [[Dr. Leonard McCoy|Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy]], [[James Doohan]] as [[Montgomery Scott]], [[Nichelle Nichols]] as [[Uhura]], [[George Takei]] as [[Hikaru Sulu]], and [[Walter Koenig]] as [[Pavel Chekov]]. In its first two seasons, it was nominated for [[Emmy Award]]s as Best Dramatic Series, and Leonard Nimoy received nominations all three years for acting. Individual episodes won two [[Hugo Awards]] and six additional nominations in 1967-68, and a WGA Award for Best Dramatic Episode in 1968. After three seasons, however, the show was canceled and the last original episode aired on June 3, 1969.<ref name="TOS end">{{cite web| title =Star Trek: Summary| work =[[TV.com]]| url =http://www.tv.com/star-trek/show/633/summary.html| accessdate =December 15 2008}}</ref> The series subsequently became [[Cultural influence of Star Trek|popular]] in reruns and a cult following developed, complete with fan conventions.<ref name="TOS debut"/> Originally presented under the title ''Star Trek'', it has in recent years become known as ''Star Trek: The Original Series'' or as "Classic Star Trek" &mdash; [[retronym]]s that distinguish it from its sequels and the franchise as a whole. All subsequent films and television series, except the animated series of the 1970s, the earlier seasons of ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise|Enterprise]]'', and the 2009 film ''[[Star Trek (film)|Star Trek]]'', have had secondary titles included as part of their official names. A re-release of the series began in September 2006 with [[computer-generated imagery]] "enhancements" as a high-definition "[[Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series#The_Remastered_Series|Remastered]]" edition. The entire series has been remastered. The remastered episodes currently air in syndication while the originals appear on many countries' channels although these broadcasts are infrequent and irregular. ===''The Animated Series'' (1973&ndash;1974)=== {{Main|Star Trek: The Animated Series}} ''Star Trek: The Animated Series'' was produced by [[Filmation]] and ran for two seasons from 1973 to 1974. Most of the original cast performed the voices of their characters from ''The Original Series'', and many of the original series' writers, such as [[D. C. Fontana]], [[David Gerrold]] and [[Paul Schneider (writer)|Paul Schneider]], wrote for the series. While the animated format allowed larger and more exotic alien landscapes and lifeforms, animation and soundtrack quality, the liberal reuse of shots pioneered by Jonnie 'Roy' White and musical cues as well as occasional animation errors have detracted from the reputation of the series.<ref>{{cite web| last =Dursin| first =Andre| title =Filmation's Star Trek Beams Up: Andy Reviews The Animated Adventures| work =The Aisle Seat| date =November 14 2006| url =http://www.andyfilm.com/11-14-06.html| accessdate =December 15 2008}}</ref> Although it was originally sanctioned by [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] (who became the owners of the ''Star Trek'' franchise following its acquisition of [[Desilu]] in 1967), Roddenberry forced Paramount to stop considering the series [[Canon (Star Trek)|canonical]]. Even so, elements of the animated series have been used by writers in later live-action series and movies. Kirk's middle name, Tiberius, first used in TAS episode "[[Bem (Star Trek: The Animated Series)|Bem]]", was made official in ''[[Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country]]'', and elements of Spock's childhood from "[[Yesteryear (Star Trek: The Animated Series)|Yesteryear]]" were mentioned in the TNG episode "[[Unification (Star Trek: The Next Generation)#Part 1|Unification, Part 1]]". The [[holodeck]] also made its first appearance in TAS episode "[[The Practical Joker]]". ''TAS'' won Star Trek's first [[Emmy Award]] on May 15, 1975.<ref>{{cite web| last =Mangels| first =Andy| title =The Making of Star Trek: The Animated Series| work =StarTrek.com| url = http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/features/bst/article/50875.htm | accessdate =December 15 2008}} ]</ref> ''Star Trek TAS'' briefly returned to television in the mid-1980s when it was rebroadcast on the children's cable network [[Nickelodeon (TV Channel)|Nickelodeon]] per the request of Nickelodeon's Evan McGuire, who had greatly admired the show, even using its various creative components as inspiration for his short series called Piggly Wiggly Hears A Sound, which never aired. In the early 1990s, the [[Sci Fi Channel (United States)|Sci-Fi Channel]] also began rerunning TAS. The complete TAS was also released on Laserdisc format during the 1980s.<ref name="TAS">{{cite web| title =Star Trek Animated - The animated series| work =ScienceFictionBuzz.com| url =http://www.sciencefictionbuzz.com/startrekanimated.html| accessdate =December 15 2008}}</ref> The complete series was first released in the USA on eleven volumes of [[VHS]] tapes in 1989. All 22 episodes were released on [[DVD]] in 2006. ===''Phase II''=== [[Image:Enterprise-model-shopped.png|thumbnail|right|A replica of the [[USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)|USS ''Enterprise'' (NCC-1701)]], based on the original design from the never produced "Phase II" Television series]] {{Main|Star Trek: Phase II}} ''Star Trek: Phase II'' was set to air in June 1978 as the flagship series of a proposed Paramount Pictures television network, the [[Paramount Television Service]], and 12 episode scripts were written before production was due to begin.<ref name="Phase II">{{cite web| title =Star Trek Phase II, Planned but never executed Star Trek Series| work =ScienceFictionBuzz.com| url =http://www.sciencefictionbuzz.com/startrekphaseII.html| accessdate =December 15 2008}}</ref> The series would have put most of the original crew back aboard the ''[[USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)|Enterprise]]'' for a second five-year mission, except for [[Leonard Nimoy]] as [[Spock]], who did not agree to return due to legal disputes with Paramount (detailed in his autobiography, ''[[I Am Not Spock]]''). A younger, full-blooded [[Vulcan (Star Trek)|Vulcan]] named Xon was planned as a replacement, although it was still hoped that Nimoy would make guest appearances.<ref name="Phase II"/> Sets were constructed and several minutes of test footage were filmed. However, the risks of launching a fourth network and the popularity of the then-recently released film ''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope|Star Wars]]'' led Paramount to make a Star Trek film instead of a weekly television series. The first script of this aborted series ("In Thy Image") formed the basis of ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'', while two others (Bethany Murray and Ellen Jacklin) ("[[The Child (Star Trek: The Next Generation)|The Child]]" and "[[Devil's Due (Star Trek: The Next Generation)|Devil's Due]]") were eventually adapted as episodes of ''Star Trek: The Next Generation'' during the [[1988 Writers Guild of America strike]].<ref>{{cite book| last1 =Reeves-Steven| first1 =Judith | last2 =Reeves-Steven| first2 =Garfield| title =Star Trek, phase II: the lost series| publisher =Pocket Books| date =March 1 1997| location =New York| page =235| isbn= 0671568396}}</ref> ===''The Next Generation'' (1987&ndash;1994)=== {{Main|Star Trek: The Next Generation}} ''Star Trek: The Next Generation'', also known as "''TNG''", is set approximately 70 years after ''The Original Series.'' It features a new starship, the [[USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D)|''Enterprise''-D]], and a new crew led by Captain [[Jean-Luc Picard]] ([[Patrick Stewart]]) and Commander [[William Riker]] ([[Jonathan Frakes]]). The series introduced alien races new to the Federation as crew members, including [[Deanna Troi]], a half-[[Betazoid]] counselor played by [[Marina Sirtis]], and [[Worf]] as the first [[Klingon]] officer in Starfleet, played by [[Michael Dorn]]. It also featured [[Gates McFadden]] as Dr. [[Beverly Crusher]], [[LeVar Burton]] as chief engineer [[Geordi La Forge]], and the android [[Data (Star Trek)|Data]] portrayed by [[Brent Spiner]]. The show premiered on September 28, 1987 and ran for seven seasons, ending on May 23, 1994.<ref name="TNG series">[http://www.tv.com/star-trek-the-next-generation/show/137/summary.html Star Trek: The Next Generation TV Show] URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> Unlike the previous television outings, the program was [[Broadcast syndication|syndicated]] instead of airing on network television. It had the highest ratings of any of the Star Trek series and was the #1 syndicated show during the last few years of its original run, allowing it to act as a springboard for ideas in other series. Many relationships and races introduced in TNG became the basis of episodes in DS9 and Voyager. <ref name="TNG ratings"> [http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Contrib/SciFi/StarTrek/history.html Star Trek &mdash; A Short History] URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> It was nominated for an [[Emmy]] for Best Dramatic Series during its final season. It also received a [[Peabody Award]] for Outstanding Television Programming for the episode "[[The Big Goodbye]]".<ref name="TNG Emmy">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/st/tng/intro.shtml BBC Online &mdash; Star Trek: The Next Generation] URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> ===''Deep Space Nine'' (1993&ndash;1999)=== {{Main|Star Trek: Deep Space Nine}} ''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'', also known as "DS9", is set during the last years and the immediate post-years of ''The Next Generation'' and was in production for seven seasons, debuting the week of January 3, 1993.<ref name="DS9 series">[http://www.tv.com/star-trek-deep-space-nine/show/166/summary.html Star Trek: Deep Space Nine TV Show] URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> Like ''Star Trek: The Next Generation'', it aired in syndication in the United States and Canada. It is the only Star Trek series to take place primarily on a space station rather than aboard a starship. It is set on the [[Cardassian]]-built [[space station]] [[Deep Space Nine (space station)|Deep Space Nine]], located near the planet [[Bajor]] and a uniquely stable [[wormhole]] that provides immediate access to the distant [[Galactic quadrants (Star Trek)#Gamma Quadrant|Gamma Quadrant]].<ref name="Emissary">[http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/series/DS9/episode/68084.html STARTREK.COM: Emissary]. URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> The show chronicles the events of the station's crew, led by Commander (later Captain) [[Benjamin Lafayette Sisko|Benjamin Sisko]], played by [[Avery Brooks]]. Recurring plot elements include the repercussions of the lengthy and brutal [[Cardassian Occupation]] of Bajor, Sisko's spiritual role for the [[Bajoran]]s as the Emissary of the [[Prophet (Star Trek)|Prophets]] and in later seasons a war with the [[Dominion (Star Trek)|Dominion]]. Deep Space Nine stands apart from earlier Trek series for its lengthy serialized storytelling, conflict within the crew, and religious themes &mdash; all of which were elements that were praised by critics and audiences but that Roddenberry had forbidden in the original series and ''The Next Generation''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20030407175159/http://scifi.about.com/blinterarma2.htm |title=Review of "Inter Arma Enim Silent Leges" |accessdate=2006-10-29 }}</ref> Nevertheless, he was made aware of plans to make DS9 before his death, so this was the last ''Star Trek'' series with which he was connected<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0106145/trivia|title=Trivia for Star Trek: Deep Space Nine|publisher=IMDB|accessdate=2007-10-14}}</ref>. ===''Voyager'' (1995&ndash;2001)=== {{Main|Star Trek: Voyager}} ''Star Trek: Voyager'' was produced for seven seasons from January 16, 1995 to May 23, 2001, launching a new Paramount-owned television network [[UPN]]. It features [[Kate Mulgrew]] as Captain [[Kathryn Janeway]],<ref name="VOY woman">[http://www.revolutionsf.com/article.html?id=131 RevolutionSF &mdash; Star Trek: Voyager : Review] URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> the first female commanding officer in a leading role of a Star Trek series. ''Voyager'' takes place at about the same time as ''Deep Space Nine''. The premiere episode has the [[USS Voyager (Star Trek)|USS ''Voyager'']] and its crew pursue a [[Maquis (Star Trek)|Maquis]] ship (crewed by Starfleet rebels). Both ships become stranded in the [[Delta Quadrant]] about 70, 000 [[light year]]s from [[Earth]].<ref name="VOY LY">[http://www.fandango.com/startrek:voyager%5Btvseries%5D_v263074/summary Star Trek: Voyager [TV series&#93; synopsis] URL accessed April 4, 2007</ref> Faced with a 75-year voyage to Earth, the crew must avoid conflict and defeat challenges on the long and perilous journey home. Like ''Deep Space Nine'', early seasons of ''Voyager'' feature greater conflict between its crew than is seen in later shows, as a large contingent of the crew is made up of Maquis fugitives forced by circumstance to cooperate with Starfleet regulations instead of doing things the Maquis way. Eventually, though, they settle their differences, after which it becomes more reminiscent of ''The Original Series''. ''Voyager'' is originally isolated from many of the familiar aspects and races of the Star Trek franchise, barring those few represented on the crew. This allowed for the creation of new races and original plot lines within the series. Later seasons, however, brought an influx of characters and races from prior shows, such as the [[Borg (Star Trek)|Borg]], [[Q (Star Trek)|Q]], the [[Ferengi]], [[Romulan]]s, [[Klingon]]s, [[Cardassian]]s as well as cast members of ''The Next Generation''. ===''Enterprise'' (2001-2005)=== {{Main|Star Trek: Enterprise}} ''Star Trek: Enterprise'', originally titled ''Enterprise'', produced for an abbreviated four seasons airing from September 26, 2001 to May 13, 2005, is a [[prequel]] to the other Star Trek series,<ref name="ENT prequel">[http://www.starpulse.com/Television/Star_Trek:_Enterprise/Summary/ Star Trek: Enterprise Summary] URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> taking place in the 2150s, some 90 years after Zefram Cochrane developed the first warp-capable starship from a ballistic missile and about a decade before the founding of the Federation. The series shows how the first extraterrestrial contact with the Vulcans and subsequent guidance led to Earth's first warp-five capable starship, the ''[[Enterprise (NX-01)|Enterprise]]'', commanded by Captain [[Jonathan Archer]] ([[Scott Bakula]]). For the first two seasons, ''Enterprise'' is mostly episodic, like the original series and ''The Next Generation''. The third season's "[[Xindi (Star Trek)|Xindi mission]]" arc carried through the entire season. Season 4 was especially known for showing the origins of several common elements in the other series, due to the producers having recruited as writers Trek experts Mike Sussman and the writing team of [[Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens]]. In addition, season 4 rectified and resolved some core continuity problems in the series (some of which were created in season 1 of ''Enterprise''), most notably the decades-old issue of the drastic change in the appearance of the [[Klingon]]s between ''TOS'' and other ''Trek'' series. The fourth season's story arcs are often spread to two or three episodes. Ratings for ''Enterprise'' started strong but declined rapidly, although longtime viewers were pleased by the final season's many homages to other ''Trek'' series.<ref> This is noted in the review of the last season at DVDVerdict {{cite news|title=DVD Verdict Review Star Trek:Enterprise Season Four| url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/enterpriseseason4.php}}</ref> As the show's viewer ratings dwindled, [[J. Michael Straczynski]] and [[Bryce Zabel]] proposed [[reboot (fiction)|reboot]]ing the franchise with the crew of the original series. They proposed a two-hour pilot where Kirk and Bones meet Spock and start the five year mission. Each season would chronicle a year on the ''Enterprise'', as the crew embark on finding the [[common ancestor]] of every intelligent lifeform, with some stand-alone episodes in addition to "four or five episodes" building to a season finale. To further differentiate the show from past incarnations, they wanted to delete the [[holodeck]], completely reinvent the technology, make the [[tribble]]s vicious, or even make Scotty a woman (though they made clear that example was a joke). They also suggested hiring famous novelists ([[Michael Crichton]] and [[Stephen King]] were some of their suggestions) to write episodes just as the original show made use of the likes of [[Richard Matheson]]. Straczynski explained Paramount ignored the proposal as they were not "even willing to talk about ''Star Trek''".<ref>{{cite news|author=Clayton Neuman|title=Masters of SciFi - J. Michael Straczynski on Changeling's Message and Warp-Speed Writing for Ninja Assassin|work=[[AMC (TV network)|AMC]]|date=2008-10-13|url=http://blogs.amctv.com/scifi-scanner/2008/10/interview-with-j-michael-straczynski-2.php|accessdate=2008-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=[[J. Michael Straczynski]], [[Bryce Zabel]]|title=''Star Trek'': Reboot the Universe|url=http://bztv.typepad.com/newsviews/files/ST2004Reboot.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2008-10-14}}</ref> ==Feature films== {{main|List of Star Trek films}} {|class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="font-size:97%; text-align:left;" |- !Title !Synopsis !Release date !Critical reception |- |''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture|The Motion Picture]]'' |Kirk, now an Admiral, retakes command of the refitted ''Enterprise'' to stop a hostile and sentient massive energy cloud advancing toward Earth. |align="right"| December 7, 1979 |align="right"| 50% [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_trek_the_motion_picture/] |- |''[[Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan|The Wrath of Khan]]'' |While exploring test sites for the ''Genesis'' terraforming project, the ''U.S.S. Reliant'' is hijacked by Khan Noonien Singh, bent on revenge against Kirk who frustrated his plans to seize control of the Enterprise fifteen years earlier. Khan attacks the ''Enterprise'' on a training cruise with inexperienced Starfleet cadets led by Kirk who has not commanded a starship for some time. |align="right"| June 4, 1982 |align="right"| 90% [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_trek_ii_the_wrath_of_khan/] |- |''[[Star Trek III: The Search for Spock|The Search for Spock]]'' |Concerned about McCoy's unstable condition since Spock's death, Kirk learns that in his final moments, Spock transferred his ''katra'', or ''spirit'', to the doctor. To reunite Spock with his soul, Kirk must violate a quarantine law and steal the ''Enterprise'' to retrieve Spock's body from the rapidly dying Genesis planet. |align="right"| June 1, 1984 |align="right"| 76% [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_trek_iii_the_search_for_spock/] |- |''[[Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home|The Voyage Home]]'' |Kirk and his crew head for Earth to stand at their court martial for the theft of the late ''Enterprise'', and its subsequent destruction, when they find Earth under siege by a giant probe transmitting a destructive signal—intended for the extinct humpback whales. Kirk takes his crew back to the late 20th century to retrieve some whales so they can respond. |align="right"| November 26, 1986 |align="right"| 84% [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_trek_iv_the_voyage_home/] |- |''[[Star Trek V: The Final Frontier|The Final Frontier]]'' |Exiled from Vulcan, Spock's emotional half-brother Sybok believes he is called by God and hijacks the partially-retrofitted ''Enterprise-A'' to take it to the Great Barrier at the centre of the Milky Way to meet his maker, while an ambitious young Klingon captain sets his sights on Kirk. |align="right"| June 9, 1989 |align="right"| 21% [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_trek_v_the_final_frontier/] |- |''[[Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country|The Undiscovered Country]]'' |After their homeworld is wracked by an environmental disaster, the Klingons attempt to make peace with the Federation though many on both sides are opposed. Just before the summit conference, Kirk and McCoy are arrested for the murder of the Klingon chancellor. |align="right"| December 6, 1991 |align="right"| 82% [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_trek_vi_the_undiscovered_country/] |- |''[[Star Trek Generations|Generations]]'' |An energy ribbon cuts a swath through the galaxy on the day of the maiden voyage of the newly commissioned ''Enterprise-B'', and Kirk is presumed killed in an encounter with it. 78 years later, Picard and his crew race against time to stop Tolian Soren, a scientist intent on deflecting it into a planet to gain immortality inside it. |align="right"| November 18, 1994 |align="right"| 49% [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_trek_generations/] |- |''[[Star Trek: First Contact|First Contact]]'' |The crew of the ''Enterprise-E'' pursues the Borg back in time as they threaten to prevent first contact between Humans and Vulcans, thus destroying the Federation before its founding. |align="right"| November 22, 1996 |align="right"| 91% [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_trek_first_contact/] |- |''[[Star Trek: Insurrection|Insurrection]]'' |The crew of the ''Enterprise'' aids a rebellion on the Baku homeworld against Picard’s superior officer, Admiral Dougherty, who wants to relocate the Baku to gain possession of the medicinal cosmic radiation that floods their planet. |align="right"| December 11, 1998 |align="right"| 55% [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_trek_insurrection/] |- |''[[Star Trek Nemesis|Nemesis]]'' |Captain Picard confronts the villainous new Romulan leader Shinzon, a younger genetic clone of himself who kidnaps Picard to replenish his own DNA and uses an earlier prototype of Data to spy on the Enterprise while plotting to destroy Earth. |align="right"| December 13, 2002 |align="right"| 36% [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_trek_nemesis/] |- |''[[Star Trek (film)|Star Trek]]'' |Fresh from Starfleet Academy, James T. Kirk, Spock, and the rest of the ''Enterprise'' crew must stop Nero, a Romulan from the future whose quest for vengeance threatens the entire universe. The movie creates an "alternate, parallel"<ref name="bglobe1">{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2009/05/05/a_fresh_frontier/|title=Star Trek|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|accessdate=2009-05-06|date=2009-05-05|first=Ty|last=Burr|pages=1}}</ref> timeline for the ''Enterprise'' and its crew. |align="right"| Australia and U.S. IMAX: May 7, 2009<br>elsewhere: May 8, 2009 |align="right"| 95% [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_trek_11/] |} </div> [[Paramount Pictures]] has produced eleven Star Trek feature films, the most recent released in May 2009. The first six films continue the adventures of the ''The Original Series'' cast; the seventh was designed as a transition from that cast to ''The Next Generation''; the next three were exclusively ''Next Generation''. Although North American and UK releases of the films were no longer numbered following the sixth film, European releases continued numbering the films. The eleventh film is a semi-prequel set prior to [[James T. Kirk|Captain Kirk]]'s graduation from [[Starfleet Academy]] and promotion to the rank of Captain. It is about his first mission as Captain of the ''Enterprise'' and its crew, though according to writer [[Roberto Orci]],<ref>[http://trekmovie.com/2008/12/11/bob-orci-explains-how-the-new-star-trek-movie-fits-with-trek-canon-and-real-science/]</ref> the film is not set entirely within the original Star Trek canon and features an alternate timeline created through the actions of the main villain. ==Spin-off media== {{main|Star Trek spin-off fiction}} The Star Trek franchise has a large number of novels, comic books, video games, and other materials, which are generally considered [[canon (Star Trek)|non-canon]]. ===Books=== {{see also|List of Star Trek novels}} Since 1967, hundreds of original novels, short stories, and television and movie adaptations have been published. The very first original ''Star Trek'' novel to be published was ''[[Mission to Horatius]]'' by [[Mack Reynolds]], which was published in hardcover by [[Whitman Books]] in 1968. The first publisher of ''Star Trek'' fiction aimed at adult readers was [[Bantam Books]]. In 1970, James Blish wrote the first original Star Trek novel published by Bantam, ''[[Spock Must Die!]]''. [[Pocket Books]] is currently the publisher of ''Star Trek'' novels. Prolific ''Star Trek'' novelists include [[Peter David]], [[Diane Carey]], [[Keith R.A. DeCandido]], [[J.M. Dillard]], [[Diane Duane]], [[Michael Jan Friedman]], and [[Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens]]. Several actors and writers from the television series have written books: [[William Shatner]], and [[John de Lancie]], [[Andrew J. Robinson]], [[J. G. Hertzler]], and [[Armin Shimerman]] have written or co-written books featuring their respective characters. ''Voyager'' producer [[Jeri Taylor]] wrote two novels featuring backstory for ''Voyager'' characters, and screen authors [[David Gerrold]], [[D. C. Fontana]], and [[Melinda M. Snodgrass|Melinda Snodgrass]] have also penned books. ===Comics=== {{main|Star Trek comics}} Almost continuously since 1967, a number of companies have published comic book series based on ''Star Trek'' and its spin off series. Several comic book companies have published ''Star Trek'' comic books including [[Marvel Comics|Marvel]], [[DC Comics|DC]], [[Malibu Comics|Malibu]], [[Wildstorm]], and [[Gold Key]]. [[Tokyopop]] currently is publishing an anthology of ''Next Generation''-based stories presented in the style of [[Japan]]ese [[manga]].<ref>http://splashpage.mtv.com/2009/04/14/star-trek-the-next-generation-goes-manga-but-will-picard-lose-the-captains-chair/</ref> As of 2006, [[IDW Publishing]] secured publishing rights to Star Trek comics<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.idwpublishing.com/titles/startrek.shtml/|title=Star Trek Comics Soar Again|date=November 9, 2006|accessdate=2006-12-25|publisher=IDW Publishing}}</ref> and published a [[prequel]] to the 2009 film, ''[[Star Trek: Countdown]]''. ===Games=== {{main|Star Trek games}} The Star Trek science franchise also has numerous games in many different formats, beginning in 1967 with a [[board game]] based on the original series and continuing through 2009 with online and DVD games. The series' most recent video games of the series are [[Star Trek: Legacy]] and [[Star Trek: Conquest]]. An [[Massively multiplayer online role-playing game|MMORPG]] based on Star Trek called ''[[Star Trek Online]]'' is being developed by [[Cryptic Studios]]. No release date has yet been set. <ref>Cryptic's Star Trek Online MMORPG - FAQ [http://www.startrekonline.com/faq#4]</ref> ==Cultural impact== {{Main|Cultural influence of Star Trek}} [[Image:Space shuttle enterprise star trek.jpg|thumb|235px|[[Prototype]] [[Space Shuttle Enterprise|space shuttle ''Enterprise'']] named after the [[USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)|fictional eponymous starship]] with ''Star Trek'' television cast members and creator [[Gene Roddenberry]].]] The Star Trek franchise is a multi-billion dollar industry, currently owned by CBS.<ref name="billion">[http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/features/specials/article/2674.html STARTREK.COM : Article] URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> [[Gene Roddenberry]] sold ''Star Trek'' to [[NBC]] as a classic adventure drama; he pitched the show as "''[[Wagon Train]]'' to the Stars" and as [[Horatio Hornblower]] in Space.<ref name="analogies">[http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Social/star_trek/SH7.htm Social History :Star Trek as a Cultural Phenomenon] URL accesses August 24, 2006</ref> The opening line, "to boldly go [[where no man has gone before]]," was taken almost verbatim from a [[United States|US]] [[White House]] booklet on space produced after the ''[[Sputnik]]'' flight in 1957.<ref name="Whiet House">[http://www.fas.org/spp/guide/usa/intro1958.html Introduction to Outer Space (1958)] URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> The central trio of [[James T. Kirk|Kirk]], [[Spock]], and [[Leonard McCoy|McCoy]] was modeled on [[classical mythology|classical mythological]] storytelling.<ref name="analogies"/> Roddenberry intended the show to have a progressive, almost radical political agenda reflective of the emerging sexualized counter-culture of the youth movement. However, his efforts were largely thwarted by the network's concerns over marketability. Star Trek showed mankind what it might develop into, if only it would learn from the lessons of the past, most specifically by ending violence. An extreme example are the Vulcans, who had a very violent past but learned to control their emotions. [[Spock]]'s split-fingered "Live long and prosper" salute references a sacred hand position used by the ancient Jewish priestly class.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Year of Living Biblically|last=Jacobs|first=A.J.|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year= 2007|pages=198|isbn= 0743291484}}</ref> ''Star Trek'' and its spin-offs have proved highly popular in television repeats and are currently shown on TV stations worldwide.<ref name="worldwide">[http://eugene.roddenberry.com/treknationproposal.rtf TREK NATION] [[Rich Text Format|RTF]] URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> The show’s cultural impact goes far beyond its longevity and profitability. Star Trek [[science fiction convention|conventions]] have become popular, though they're often merged now with conventions related to other genres and series. Some fans have coined the term [[Trekkie|''Trekkies'']] to describe themselves. Others, however, prefer the term ''Trekkers.'' Fans of ''Deep Space Nine'' are better known as ''Niners.'' An entire subculture has grown up around the show<ref name="Trekkies">[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120370/ Trekkies (1997)] URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> which was documented in the film ''[[Trekkies (film)|Trekkies]]''. The Star Trek franchise has influenced the design of many current technologies, including the [[Tablet PC]], the [[Personal digital assistant|PDA]], [[mobile phones]], and the [[MRI]] (based on Dr. McCoy's diagnostic table).<ref name="modern">[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/03/15/BUGO35EG1T83.DTL 40 years since the Enterprise's inception, some of its science fiction gadgets are part of everyday life] URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> It has also brought to popular attention the concept of [[teleportation]] with its depiction of "matter-energy transport." Phrases such as "[[Beam me up, Scotty]]" have entered the public vernacular.<ref name="Scotty">[http://www.worldwidewords.org/articles/startrek.htm Articles: Beam me up, Scotty!] URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> In 1976, following a letter-writing campaign, [[NASA]] named its prototype [[Space Shuttle program|space shuttle]] [[Space Shuttle Enterprise|''Enterprise'']], after the [[Starship Enterprise|fictional starship]].<ref name="Enterprise">[http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/enterprise.html Shuttle Orbiter Enterprise (OV-101)] URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> ===Parodies=== Notable parodies of Star Trek include the ''[[Star Wreck]]'' movie series, the internet-based cartoon series ''[[Stone Trek]]'', the ''[[Star Wreck (novel series)|Star Wreck]]'' novel series, the song ''[[Star Trekkin']]'' by [[The Firm (Star Trekkin')|The Firm]], the feature film ''[[Galaxy Quest]]'', an episode of ''[[Futurama]]'' which featured several characters from the original series, and the episode of ''[[Family Guy]]'' titled "[[Not All Dogs Go to Heaven]]", which featured the entire cast of ''[[Star Trek The Next Generation]]''. ==Awards and honors== Of the various science-fiction awards given for drama, only the [[Hugo award]] dates back as far as the original series. Although the Hugo is mainly given for print-media science-fiction, its "best drama" award is usually given to film or television presentations. The Hugo does ''not'' give out awards for best actor, director, or other aspects of film production. Prior to 2002, films and television shows competed for the same Hugo, before the split of the drama award into short drama and long drama. In 1968, all five nominees for a Hugo award were individual episodes of ''Star Trek'', as were three of the five nominees in 1967 (the other two being the films ''Fahrenheit 451'' and ''Fantastic Voyage''). The only ''Star Trek'' series to ''not'' get even a Hugo ''nomination'' are the animated series and ''Voyager'', though only the original series and ''Next Generation'' ever actually won the award. No ''Star Trek'' film has ever won a Hugo, though a few were nominated.<ref>Full lists of Hugo award winners are at [http://dpsinfo.com/awardweb/hugos] Nominations can be found at [http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/HugoNomList.html]</ref> The prestigious science-fiction [[Saturn awards|Saturn award]] did not exist during broadcasting of the original series. Unlike the Hugo, the Saturn award ''does'' give out prizes for best actor, special effects, music, etc. Also unlike the Hugo (until 2002) movies and television shows have never competed against each other for Saturns. The two ''Star Trek'' series to win multiple Saturn awards during their run were ''The Next Generation'' (twice winning for best television series) and ''Voyager'' (twice winning for best actress- [[Kate Mulgrew]] and [[Jeri Ryan]]). The original series retroactively won a Saturn award for best DVD release. Several ''Star Trek'' films have won Saturns including categories such as best actor, actress, director, costume design, and special effects. However, ''Star Trek'' has never won a Saturn for best make-up<ref>Saturn award winners and nominees can be found at [http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/SaturnNomList.html]</ref> == Franchise future== A new movie, simply titled ''[[Star Trek (film)|Star Trek]]'', was released in May 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.variety.com/VR1117980912.html |title='Star Trek' pushed back to 2009 |accessdate=2008-04-06 |author=Pamela McClintock |date=2008-02-13 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=Reed Elsevier, Inc}}</ref> The film's major cast members have signed on for two sequels, which is standard practice.<ref>{{cite news | author = Anthony Pascale | title = Paramount Already Thinking About Sequel To Abrams Star Trek | publisher = TrekMovie | date = 2008-04-06 | url = http://trekmovie.com/2008/06/04/paramount-already-thinking-about-sequel-to-abrams-star-trek/ | accessdate=2008-06-05}}</ref> [[Roberto Orci]], [[Alex Kurtzman]] and [[Damon Lindelof]] began writing the script for a sequel in March 2009, with the hope to complete it by December and produce the film for a mid-2011 release. [[J.J. Abrams]] and [[Bryan Burk]] will produce, although Abrams has not signed to direct again as of May 2009<ref>{{cite news|author=Tatiana Siegel|title='Star Trek' sequel on track|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=2009-03-30|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118001885.html|accessdate=2009-03-31}}</ref> ==Notes== {{Reflist|3}} ==References== {{portal}} {{Refbegin}} *{{Cite book |last=Whitfield|first=Stephen PE |coauthors=Roddenberry, Gene |year=1968 |title=The Making of Star Trek|location=New York |publisher=Ballantine Books |oclc=23859}} *{{Cite book |last=Gerrold |first=David |authorlink=David Gerrold |year=1973 |title=The Trouble with Tribbles |location=New York |publisher=Ballantine |isbn=0345234022}} *{{Cite book |last=Gerrold |first=David |year=1984 |title=The World of Star Trek &mdash; Revised Edition|origyear=1973|publisher=Ballantine Books |edition=Bluejay Books |id={{ASIN|B000JWHTXU}}}} *{{Cite book |last=Lichtenberg |first=Jacqueline |coauthors=Marshak, Sondra; Winston, Joan |year=1975 |title=Star Trek Lives! |location=Toronto |publisher=Bantam Books |isbn=0552099147}} *{{Cite book |last=Winston |first=Joan |year=1977 |title=The Making of the Trek Conventions |location=Garden City, NY |publisher=Doubleday Books/Playboy Press |isbn=0385131127}} *{{Cite book |last=Turnbull |first=Gerry |year=1979 |title=A Star Trek Catalog |location= |publisher=Grosset & Dunlap |isbn=0441784771}} *{{Cite book | last=Asherman | first=Allan | title=The Star Trek Compendium | location=New York | publisher=Simon & Schuster | year=1981 | isbn=0671791451}} *{{Cite book |last=Trimble |first=Bjo |year=1983 |title=On the Good Ship Enterprise: My 15 Years with Star Trek |location= |publisher=Donning Starblaze |isbn=0898652537}} *{{Cite book |last=Shatner |first=William |coauthors=Kreski, Chris |year=1993 |title=Star Trek Memories |location= |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0060177349}} *{{Cite book |last=Shatner |first=William |coauthors=Kreski, Chris |year=1994 |title=Star Trek Movie Memories |location= |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0060176172}} *{{Cite book |last=Nichols |first=Nichelle |year=1994 |title=Beyond Uhura |location= |publisher=Putnam |isbn=0679435093}} *{{Cite book |last=Krauss |first=Lawrence M |year=1995 |title=The Physics of Star Trek |location= |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0465005594}} *{{Cite book |last=Ellison |first=Harlan |year=1996 |title=City on the Edge of Forever |location= |publisher=Borderlands Press |isbn=1880325020}} *{{Cite book |last=Edited By |editor=Harrison, Taylor; Projansky, Sarah; Ono, Kent A.; Helford, Elyce Rae |year=1996 |title=Enterprise Zones: Critical Positions on Star Trek |location=Boulder |publisher=Westview Press |isbn=0813328993}} *{{Cite book |last=Solow |first=Herbert F. |coauthors=Justman, Robert H. |year=1996 |title=Inside Star Trek: The Real Story |location=New York |publisher=Pocket Books |isbn=0671896288}} *{{Cite book |last=Greenwald |first=Jeff |year=1998 |title=Future Perfect: How Star Trek Conquered Planet Earth |location= |publisher=Viking Press |isbn=0670873993}} *{{Cite book |last=Shatner |first=William |coauthors=Kreski, Chris |year=1999 |title=Get a Life! |location=New York |publisher=Pocket Books |isbn=0671021311}} *{{Cite book |last=Barad, Ph. D. |first=Judith |coauthors=Robertson, Ed |year=2000 |title=The Ethics of Star Trek |location= |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0060195304}} *{{Cite book |last=Shatner |first=William |coauthors=Walter, Chip |year=2002 |title=I'm Working on That: A Trek from Science Fiction to Science Fact |location=New York |publisher=Pocket Books |isbn=067104737X}} *{{Cite book |last=Sackett |first=Susan |year=2002 |title=Inside Trek: My Secret Life with Star Trek Creator Gene Roddenberry |location= |publisher=Hawk Publishing Group |isbn=1930709420}} *{{Cite book |last=Lake |first=M.N. |year=2005 |title=Picard: The Academy Years |location= |publisher=Dragon Publishing |isbn=}} *{{Cite book |last=McIntee |forst=David |year=2000 |title=Delta Quadrant - The Unofficial Guide to Star Trek Voyager |location= London|publisher= Virgin|isbn=0753504367}} {{Refend}} ==External links== {{Commonscat|Star Trek}} {{Wikiquote}} {{Wiktionary}} <!-- NOTE: NO RANDOM FAN SITES; ONLY ADD LINKS IF THEY ARE GENUINELY INFORMATIVE; OTHERWISE THEY ARE LIKELY TO BE REMOVED --> *[http://www.startrek.com StarTrek.com]&mdash;The Official Star Trek website *[http://www.memory-alpha.org/en/index.php/Main_Page Memory Alpha]&mdash;A Star Trek encyclopedia that uses information ''only'' from canon sources licensed by Paramount. *[http://startrek.wikia.com Memory Beta]&mdash;A Star Trek encyclopedia that uses information from ''both'' canon and non-canon sources licensed by Paramount. *[http://www.cbs.com/classics/star_trek/video/video.php CBS Video]&mdash;Free full-length ''Star Trek: The Original Series'' episodes provided by CBS {{Star Trek}} [[Category:Science fiction Westerns]] [[Category:Science fiction television series]] [[Category:Star Trek]] [[Category:Film series]] [[Category:Media franchises]] {{Link FA|it}} {{Link FA|nl}} [[ar:ستار تريك]] [[ast:Star Trek]] [[bn:স্টার ট্রেক]] [[zh-min-nan:Star Trek]] [[bs:Zvjezdane staze]] [[br:Star Trek]] [[bg:Стар Трек]] [[ca:Star Trek]] [[cs:Star Trek]] [[cy:Star Trek]] [[da:Star Trek]] [[de:Star Trek]] [[et:Star Trek]] [[el:Σταρ Τρεκ]] [[es:Star Trek]] [[eo:Star Trek]] [[fa:پیشتازان فضا]] [[fr:Star Trek]] [[ga:Star Trek]] [[gl:Star Trek]] [[ko:스타트렉]] [[hr:Zvjezdane staze]] [[id:Star Trek]] [[is:Star Trek]] [[it:Star Trek]] [[he:מסע בין כוכבים]] [[la:Iter Stellare]] [[lv:Zvaigžņu ceļš]] [[lb:Star Trek]] [[li:Star Trek]] [[hu:Star Trek]] [[mk:Ѕвездени патеки]] [[ms:Star Trek]] [[nl:Star Trek]] [[ja:スタートレック]] [[no:Star Trek]] [[nn:Star Trek]] [[nds:Star Trek]] [[pl:Star Trek]] [[pt:Star Trek]] [[ro:Star Trek]] [[ru:Звёздный путь]] [[st:Star Trek]] [[sq:Udhëtimi yjor]] [[simple:Star Trek]] [[sk:Star Trek]] [[sl:Zvezdne steze]] [[sr:Звездане стазе]] [[sh:Zvjezdane staze]] [[fi:Star Trek]] [[sv:Star Trek]] [[tl:Star Trek]] [[tr:Uzay Yolu]] [[uk:Зоряний шлях]] [[zh:星艦奇航記]]'