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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
| nativename =
| nativename_a =
| nativename_r =
| logo = Seal of and Infrastructure Security Agency.svg
| logo_width = 200px
| logo_caption =
| type = [[Executive Department]]
| seal =
| seal_width =
| seal_caption =
| formed = {{start date and age|2018|11|26}}
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = United States
| headquarters = Rosslyn, [[Arlington, Virginia]]
| employees = ~2758 (2023) <ref name=DHS>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2022-03/22-%201835%20-%20FY%202023%20Budget%20in%20Brief%20FINAL%20with%20Cover_Remediated.pdf |title=FY23 Budget-in-Brief |access-date=26 March 2023 |publisher=Department of Homeland Security|url-status=live }}</ref>
| budget = $2.9 billion (2023)
| chief1_name = [[Jen Easterly]]
| chief1_position = [[Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency|Director]]<ref name=Leadership>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/leadership|title=Leadership|date=September 7, 2006|publisher=US Department of Homeland Security}}</ref>
| chief2_name = [[Nitin Natarajan]]
| chief2_position = Deputy Director<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cisa.gov/nitin-natarajan|title=NITIN NATARAJAN|publisher=Department of Homeland Security|date=February 16, 2021|access-date=April 16, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223060452/https://www.cisa.gov/nitin-natarajan |archive-date=February 23, 2021 }}</ref>
| parent_agency = [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website = {{URL|cisa.gov}}
}}
The '''Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency''' ('''CISA''') is an agency of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]] (DHS) that is responsible for strengthening [[cybersecurity]] and infrastructure protection across all levels of government, coordinating cybersecurity programs with [[U.S. states]], and improving the government's cybersecurity protections against private and nation-state [[hacker]]s.<ref name="zdnet">{{Cite news |last=Cimpanu |first=Catalin |date=November 16, 2018 |title=Trump signs bill that creates the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |work=[[ZDNet]] |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/trump-signs-bill-that-creates-the-cybersecurity-and-infrastructure-security-agency/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219233958/https://www.zdnet.com/article/trump-signs-bill-that-creates-the-cybersecurity-and-infrastructure-security-agency/ |archive-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref> Its activities are a continuation of the National Protection and Programs Directorate (NPPD), and was established on November 16, 2018, when President [[Donald Trump]] signed into law the [[Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018]].<ref name="aboutcisa">{{cite web |date=19 November 2018 |title=About CISA |url=https://www.dhs.gov/cisa/about-cisa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706160119/https://www.dhs.gov/cisa/about-cisa |archive-date=6 July 2019 |access-date=16 December 2018 |publisher=Department of Homeland Security}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="zdnet" />
==History==
The '''National Protection and Programs Directorate''' ('''NPPD''') was formed in 2007 as a component of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/xabout/structure/editorial_0794.shtm |title=DHS | About the National Protection and Programs Directorate |publisher=Dhs.gov |date=2011-08-26 |access-date=2011-09-27 |archive-date=2011-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925073645/http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/structure/editorial_0794.shtm |url-status=live }}</ref> NPPD's goal was to advance the Department's [[national security]] mission by reducing and eliminating threats to U.S. critical physical and cyber infrastructure.
On November 16, 2018, President [[Donald Trump|Trump]] signed into law the [[Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018]], which elevated the mission of the former NPPD within DHS, establishing the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/CISA |title=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=DHS.gov |access-date=24 November 2018 |archive-date=23 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123120156/https://www.dhs.gov/CISA |url-status=live }}</ref> CISA is a successor agency to NPPD, and assists both other government agencies and private sector organizations in addressing cybersecurity issues.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ropek|first=Lucas|date=2020-07-28|title=Will CISA Be the Savior of State and Local Cybersecurity?|url=https://www.govtech.com/security/Will-CISA-Be-the-Savior-of-State-and-Local-Cybersecurity.html|access-date=2020-11-18|website=[[Government Technology]]|language=en}}</ref> Former NPPD Under-Secretary [[Christopher C. Krebs|Christopher Krebs]] was CISA's first Director, and former Deputy Under-Secretary [[Matthew Travis]] was its first deputy director.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Derek B. |date=2018-03-18 |title=NPPD taps vendor for No. 2 role |url=https://fcw.com/articles/2018/03/20/travis-nppd-deputy-cyber.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930210315/https://fcw.com/articles/2018/03/20/travis-nppd-deputy-cyber.aspx |archive-date=2019-09-30 |access-date=2019-03-15 |website=[[Federal Computer Week]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rockwell |first=Mark |date=2018-12-20 |title=Standing up CISA |url=https://fcw.com/articles/2018/12/20/standing-up-cisa-rockwell.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930210311/https://fcw.com/articles/2018/12/20/standing-up-cisa-rockwell.aspx |archive-date=2019-09-30 |access-date=2019-03-15 |website=[[Federal Computer Week]] |language=en}}</ref>
On January 22, 2019, CISA issued its first Emergency Directive (19-01: Mitigate DNS Infrastructure Tampering)<ref name="ed-19-01">{{cite web |title=Emergency Directive 19-01 |url=https://cyber.dhs.gov/ed/19-01/ |website=cyber.dhs.gov |publisher=Department of Homeland Security |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-date=3 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703140320/https://cyber.dhs.gov/ed/19-01/ |url-status=live }}</ref> warning that "an active attacker is targeting government organizations" using [[DNS spoofing]] techniques to perform [[man-in-the-middle attacks]].<ref name="cisa-blog-feb-19">{{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Christopher |title=Why CISA issued our first Emergency Directive |url=https://cyber.dhs.gov/blog/#why-cisa-issued-our-first-emergency-directive |website=cyber.dhs.gov |publisher=Department of Homeland Security |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-date=6 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706145116/https://cyber.dhs.gov/blog/#why-cisa-issued-our-first-emergency-directive |url-status=live }}</ref> Research group FireEye stated that "initial research suggests the actor or actors responsible have a nexus to Iran."<ref name="fireeye-feb">{{cite web |last1=Hirani |first1=Muks |last2=Jones |first2=Sarah |last3=Read |first3=Ben |title=Global DNS Hijacking Campaign: DNS Record Manipulation at Scale |url=https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/global-dns-hijacking-campaign-dns-record-manipulation-at-scale.html |website=FireEye |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-date=25 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625182736/https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/global-dns-hijacking-campaign-dns-record-manipulation-at-scale.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2020, CISA created a website, titled ''Rumor Control'', to rebut [[disinformation]] associated with the [[2020 United States presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Courtney|first1=Shaun|last2=Sebenius|first2=Alysa|last3=Wadhams|first3=Nick|date=2020-11-12|title=Turmoil Hits Cyber Agency Engaged in Election as Staff Leave|language=en|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-12/senior-u-s-cyber-official-involved-in-election-leaves-agency|access-date=2020-11-18}}</ref> On November 12, 2020, CISA issued a press release asserting, "There is no evidence that any voting system deleted or lost votes, changed votes, or was in any way compromised."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Federal cybersecurity agency calls election 'most secure in American history'|url=https://www.engadget.com/cisa-2020-election-security-022224313.html|access-date=2020-11-17|website=Engadget|language=en}}</ref> On the same day, Director Krebs indicated that he expected to be dismissed from his post by the Trump administration.<ref name="topcyber">{{Cite news|last1=Geller|first1=Eric|last2=Bertrand|first2=Natasha|author-link2=Natasha Bertrand|date=2020-11-12|title=Top cyber official expecting to be fired as White House frustrations hit agency protecting elections|language=en|work=[[Politico]]|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/12/cyber-official-chris-krebs-likely-out-436342|access-date=2020-11-13}}</ref> Krebs was subsequently fired by President Trump on November 17, 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump fires head of U.S. election cybersecurity who debunked conspiracy theories |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/security/trump-fires-head-u-s-election-cybersecurity-after-he-debunked-n1248063 |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> via tweet for his comments regarding the security of the election.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kaitlan Collins and Paul LeBlanc|title=Trump fires director of Homeland Security agency who had rejected President's election conspiracy theories|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/17/politics/chris-krebs-fired-by-trump/index.html|access-date=2020-11-18|website=CNN|date=18 November 2020 }}</ref>
[[File:DHS Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas Participates in CISA Swearing In Ceremony - 51369641326.jpg|thumb|265x265px|[[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|Homeland Security Secretary]] [[Alejandro Mayorkas]] at CISA Headquarters in [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington, VA]] in August 2021.]]
On July 12, 2021, the [[United States Senate|Senate]] confirmed [[Jen Easterly]] by a Voice Vote.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-16|title=PN420 - Nomination of Jen Easterly for Department of Homeland Security, 117th Congress (2021-2022)|url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/117th-congress/420|access-date=2021-07-12|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref> Easterly’s nomination had been reported favorably out of [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs]] on June 16, but a floor vote had been reportedly [[Senate hold|held]] (delayed) by [[Rick Scott|Senator Rick Scott]] over broader national security concerns, until the President or Vice President had visited the southern border with Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Maggie|date=2021-06-23|title=Rick Scott blocks Senate vote on top cyber nominee until Harris visits border|url=https://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/559936-rick-scott-blocks-senate-vote-on-top-cyber-nominee-until-harris-visits|access-date=2021-07-12|website=TheHill|language=en}}</ref>
==Performance==
In September 2022, CISA released their 2023–2025 CISA Strategic Plan, the first comprehensive strategy document since the agency was established in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strategic Plan {{!}} CISA |url=https://www.cisa.gov/strategy |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=www.cisa.gov}}</ref>
In August 2021, Easterly stated "One could argue we’re in the business of critical infrastructure, and the most critical infrastructure is our cognitive infrastructure, so building that resilience to misinformation and disinformation, I think, is incredibly important."<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Klippenstein |first1=Ken |last2=Fang |first2=Lee |date=October 31, 2022 |title=Leaked Documents Outline DHS's Plans to Police Disinformation |url=https://theintercept.com/2022/10/31/social-media-disinformation-dhs/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=The Intercept |language=en}}</ref>
==Organization==
[[File:Real Fake.pdf|thumb|upright|''Real Fake'', a 2020 [[graphic novel]] from CISA about disinformation and misinformation campaigns]]
CISA divisions include the:<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Divisions & Offices |url=https://www.cisa.gov/about/divisions-offices |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center|Cybersecurity Division]]
** Capacity Building
** Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative
** Mission Engineering
** Office of the Technical Director
** Threat Hunting
** Vulnerability Management
* Infrastructure Security Division
** Bombing Prevention
** Chemical Security
** Exercises
** Infrastructure Assessment & Analysis
** School Safety
** Strategy, Performance & Resources
* Emergency Communications Division
* National Risk Management Center
* Integrated Operations Division
** Regions 1 through 10<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |title=CISA Regions |url=https://www.cisa.gov/about/regions |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>
* Stakeholder Engagement Division
** Council Management
** International
** Sector Management
** Strategic Relations
== Major Programs ==
The Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigations program provides cybersecurity tools and services to federal agencies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Jason |date=7 November 2022 |title=CISA signature federal cyber program warrants more than a passing anniversary nod |url=https://federalnewsnetwork.com/reporters-notebook-jason-miller/2022/11/cisa-signature-federal-cyber-program-warrants-more-than-a-passing-anniversary-nod/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Federal News Network}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |title=Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigations Program |url=https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/programs/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm-program |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>
CISA issues "binding operational directives" that require federal government agencies to take action against specific cybersecurity risks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |title=Cybersecurity Directives |url=https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>
In March 2021, CISA assumed control of the ".gov" [[top-level domain]] (TLD) from the [[General Services Administration]]. CISA manages the approval of domains and operates the TLD [[Domain Name System]] nameservers. In April 2021, CISA removed the fee for registering domains.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |date=27 April 2021 |title=A new day for .gov |url=https://get.gov/2021/4/27/a-new-day-for-gov/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref> In January 2023, [[Cloudflare]] received a $7.2M contract to provide DNS registry and hosting services for the TLD.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cloudflare |date=13 January 2023 |title=Cloudflare Wins CISA Contract for Registry and Authoritative Domain Name System (DNS) Services |url=https://cloudflare.net/news/news-details/2023/Cloudflare-Wins-CISA-Contract-for-Registry-and-Authoritative-Domain-Name-System-DNS-Services/default.aspx |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>
CISA provides incident response services to the federal executive branch and US-based entities.
== Committees ==
=== Cybersecurity Advisory Committee ===
In 2021, the Agency created the Cybersecurity Advisory Committee with the following members:<ref>{{Cite web |title=CISA Names 23 Members to New Cybersecurity Advisory Committee {{!}} CISA |url=https://www.cisa.gov/news/2021/12/01/cisa-names-23-members-new-cybersecurity-advisory-committee |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.cisa.gov}}</ref>
* [[Steve Adler (politician)|Steve Adler]], Mayor, City of Austin, Texas
* Marene Allison, Chief Information Security Officer, Johnson & Johnson
* Lori Beer, Chief Information Officer, JPMorgan Chase
* Robert Chesney, James A. Baker III Chair in the Rule of Law and World Affairs, University of Texas School of Law
* [[Thomas A. Fanning|Thomas Fanning]], Chairman, President and CEO, Southern Company
* [[Vijaya Gadde]]
* [[Patrick D. Gallagher]], Chancellor, University of Pittsburgh
* Ronald Green, Executive Vice President and Chief Security Officer, Mastercard
* Niloofar Razi Howe, Board Member, Tenable
* Kevin Mandia, Chief Executive Officer, Mandiant
* [[Jeff Moss (hacker)|Jeff Moss]], President, DEF CON Communications
* [[Nuala O'Connor (technologist)|Nuala O’Connor]], Senior Vice President & Chief Counsel, Digital Citizenship, Walmart
* Nicole Perlroth, Cybersecurity journalist
* [[Cloudflare|Matthew Prince]], Chief Executive Officer, Cloudflare
* [[Kleiner Perkins|Ted Schlein]], General Partner, Kleiner Perkins; and Caufield & Byers
* Stephen Schmidt, Chief Information Security Officer, Amazon Web Services
* Suzanne Spaulding, Senior Advisor for Homeland Security, CSIS
* [[Alex Stamos]], Partner, Krebs Stamos Group
* [[Kate Starbird]], Associate Professor, Human Centered Design & Engineering, University of Washington
* George Stathakopoulos, Vice President of Corporate Information Security, Apple
* [[Alicia Tate-Nadeau]] (ARNG-Ret.), Director, Illinois Emergency Management Agency
* [[Nicole Wong]], Principal, NWong Strategies
* Chris Young, Executive Vice President of Business Development, Strategy, and Ventures, Microsoft
== Directors ==
{{Main|Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan=2| {{abbr|No.|Number}}
! colspan=2| Director
! colspan=3| Term
|-
! Portrait
! Name
! Took office
! Left office
! Term length
|-
{{Officeholder table
| order = 1
| image = Chris Krebs official photo.jpg
| officeholder = [[Chris Krebs|Chris C. Krebs]]
| officeholder_sort = Krebs, Chris C.
| term_start = 16 November 2018
| term_end = 17 November 2020
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|16 November 2018|17 November 2020}}
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 2
| image = Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg
| officeholder = [[Jen Easterly|Jen M. Easterly]]
| officeholder_sort = Easterly, Jen M.
| term_start = 13 July 2021
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|13 July 2021}}
}}
|}
==See also==
* [[List of federal agencies in the United States]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{official website}}
{{DHS agencies}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:2018 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Business services companies established in 2018]]
[[Category:Computer security organizations]]
[[Category:Emergency services in the United States]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 2018]]
[[Category:United States Department of Homeland Security agencies]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
| nativename =
| nativename_a =
| nativename_r =
| logo = Seal of re and Infrastructure Security Agency.svg
| logo_width = 200px
| logo_caption =
| type = [[Executive Department]]
| seal =
| seal_width =
| seal_caption =
| formed = {{start date and age|2018|11|26}}
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = United States
| headquarters = Rosslyn, [[Arlington, Virginia]]
| employees = ~2758 (2023) <ref name=DHS>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2022-03/22-%201835%20-%20FY%202023%20Budget%20in%20Brief%20FINAL%20with%20Cover_Remediated.pdf |title=FY23 Budget-in-Brief |access-date=26 March 2023 |publisher=Department of Homeland Security|url-status=live }}</ref>
| budget = $2.9 billion (2023)
| chief1_name = [[Jen Easterly]]
| chief1_position = [[Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency|Director]]<ref name=Leadership>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/leadership|title=Leadership|date=September 7, 2006|publisher=US Department of Homeland Security}}</ref>
| chief2_name = [[Nitin Natarajan]]
| chief2_position = Deputy Director<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cisa.gov/nitin-natarajan|title=NITIN NATARAJAN|publisher=Department of Homeland Security|date=February 16, 2021|access-date=April 16, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223060452/https://www.cisa.gov/nitin-natarajan |archive-date=February 23, 2021 }}</ref>
| parent_agency = [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website = {{URL|cisa.gov}}
}}
The '''Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency''' ('''CISA''') is an agency of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]] (DHS) that is responsible for strengthening [[cybersecurity]] and infrastructure protection across all levels of government, coordinating cybersecurity programs with [[U.S. states]], and improving the government's cybersecurity protections against private and nation-state [[hacker]]s.<ref name="zdnet">{{Cite news |last=Cimpanu |first=Catalin |date=November 16, 2018 |title=Trump signs bill that creates the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |work=[[ZDNet]] |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/trump-signs-bill-that-creates-the-cybersecurity-and-infrastructure-security-agency/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219233958/https://www.zdnet.com/article/trump-signs-bill-that-creates-the-cybersecurity-and-infrastructure-security-agency/ |archive-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref> Its activities are a continuation of the National Protection and Programs Directorate (NPPD), and was established on November 16, 2018, when President [[Donald Trump]] signed into law the [[Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018]].<ref name="aboutcisa">{{cite web |date=19 November 2018 |title=About CISA |url=https://www.dhs.gov/cisa/about-cisa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706160119/https://www.dhs.gov/cisa/about-cisa |archive-date=6 July 2019 |access-date=16 December 2018 |publisher=Department of Homeland Security}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="zdnet" />
==History==
The '''National Protection and Programs Directorate''' ('''NPPD''') was formed in 2007 as a component of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/xabout/structure/editorial_0794.shtm |title=DHS | About the National Protection and Programs Directorate |publisher=Dhs.gov |date=2011-08-26 |access-date=2011-09-27 |archive-date=2011-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925073645/http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/structure/editorial_0794.shtm |url-status=live }}</ref> NPPD's goal was to advance the Department's [[national security]] mission by reducing and eliminating threats to U.S. critical physical and cyber infrastructure.
On November 16, 2018, President [[Donald Trump|Trump]] signed into law the [[Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018]], which elevated the mission of the former NPPD within DHS, establishing the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/CISA |title=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=DHS.gov |access-date=24 November 2018 |archive-date=23 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123120156/https://www.dhs.gov/CISA |url-status=live }}</ref> CISA is a successor agency to NPPD, and assists both other government agencies and private sector organizations in addressing cybersecurity issues.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ropek|first=Lucas|date=2020-07-28|title=Will CISA Be the Savior of State and Local Cybersecurity?|url=https://www.govtech.com/security/Will-CISA-Be-the-Savior-of-State-and-Local-Cybersecurity.html|access-date=2020-11-18|website=[[Government Technology]]|language=en}}</ref> Former NPPD Under-Secretary [[Christopher C. Krebs|Christopher Krebs]] was CISA's first Director, and former Deputy Under-Secretary [[Matthew Travis]] was its first deputy director.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Derek B. |date=2018-03-18 |title=NPPD taps vendor for No. 2 role |url=https://fcw.com/articles/2018/03/20/travis-nppd-deputy-cyber.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930210315/https://fcw.com/articles/2018/03/20/travis-nppd-deputy-cyber.aspx |archive-date=2019-09-30 |access-date=2019-03-15 |website=[[Federal Computer Week]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rockwell |first=Mark |date=2018-12-20 |title=Standing up CISA |url=https://fcw.com/articles/2018/12/20/standing-up-cisa-rockwell.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930210311/https://fcw.com/articles/2018/12/20/standing-up-cisa-rockwell.aspx |archive-date=2019-09-30 |access-date=2019-03-15 |website=[[Federal Computer Week]] |language=en}}</ref>
On January 22, 2019, CISA issued its first Emergency Directive (19-01: Mitigate DNS Infrastructure Tampering)<ref name="ed-19-01">{{cite web |title=Emergency Directive 19-01 |url=https://cyber.dhs.gov/ed/19-01/ |website=cyber.dhs.gov |publisher=Department of Homeland Security |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-date=3 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703140320/https://cyber.dhs.gov/ed/19-01/ |url-status=live }}</ref> warning that "an active attacker is targeting government organizations" using [[DNS spoofing]] techniques to perform [[man-in-the-middle attacks]].<ref name="cisa-blog-feb-19">{{cite web |last1=Krebs |first1=Christopher |title=Why CISA issued our first Emergency Directive |url=https://cyber.dhs.gov/blog/#why-cisa-issued-our-first-emergency-directive |website=cyber.dhs.gov |publisher=Department of Homeland Security |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-date=6 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706145116/https://cyber.dhs.gov/blog/#why-cisa-issued-our-first-emergency-directive |url-status=live }}</ref> Research group FireEye stated that "initial research suggests the actor or actors responsible have a nexus to Iran."<ref name="fireeye-feb">{{cite web |last1=Hirani |first1=Muks |last2=Jones |first2=Sarah |last3=Read |first3=Ben |title=Global DNS Hijacking Campaign: DNS Record Manipulation at Scale |url=https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/global-dns-hijacking-campaign-dns-record-manipulation-at-scale.html |website=FireEye |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-date=25 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625182736/https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/global-dns-hijacking-campaign-dns-record-manipulation-at-scale.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2020, CISA created a website, titled ''Rumor Control'', to rebut [[disinformation]] associated with the [[2020 United States presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Courtney|first1=Shaun|last2=Sebenius|first2=Alysa|last3=Wadhams|first3=Nick|date=2020-11-12|title=Turmoil Hits Cyber Agency Engaged in Election as Staff Leave|language=en|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-12/senior-u-s-cyber-official-involved-in-election-leaves-agency|access-date=2020-11-18}}</ref> On November 12, 2020, CISA issued a press release asserting, "There is no evidence that any voting system deleted or lost votes, changed votes, or was in any way compromised."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Federal cybersecurity agency calls election 'most secure in American history'|url=https://www.engadget.com/cisa-2020-election-security-022224313.html|access-date=2020-11-17|website=Engadget|language=en}}</ref> On the same day, Director Krebs indicated that he expected to be dismissed from his post by the Trump administration.<ref name="topcyber">{{Cite news|last1=Geller|first1=Eric|last2=Bertrand|first2=Natasha|author-link2=Natasha Bertrand|date=2020-11-12|title=Top cyber official expecting to be fired as White House frustrations hit agency protecting elections|language=en|work=[[Politico]]|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/12/cyber-official-chris-krebs-likely-out-436342|access-date=2020-11-13}}</ref> Krebs was subsequently fired by President Trump on November 17, 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump fires head of U.S. election cybersecurity who debunked conspiracy theories |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/security/trump-fires-head-u-s-election-cybersecurity-after-he-debunked-n1248063 |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> via tweet for his comments regarding the security of the election.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kaitlan Collins and Paul LeBlanc|title=Trump fires director of Homeland Security agency who had rejected President's election conspiracy theories|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/17/politics/chris-krebs-fired-by-trump/index.html|access-date=2020-11-18|website=CNN|date=18 November 2020 }}</ref>
[[File:DHS Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas Participates in CISA Swearing In Ceremony - 51369641326.jpg|thumb|265x265px|[[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|Homeland Security Secretary]] [[Alejandro Mayorkas]] at CISA Headquarters in [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington, VA]] in August 2021.]]
On July 12, 2021, the [[United States Senate|Senate]] confirmed [[Jen Easterly]] by a Voice Vote.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-16|title=PN420 - Nomination of Jen Easterly for Department of Homeland Security, 117th Congress (2021-2022)|url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/117th-congress/420|access-date=2021-07-12|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref> Easterly’s nomination had been reported favorably out of [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs]] on June 16, but a floor vote had been reportedly [[Senate hold|held]] (delayed) by [[Rick Scott|Senator Rick Scott]] over broader national security concerns, until the President or Vice President had visited the southern border with Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Maggie|date=2021-06-23|title=Rick Scott blocks Senate vote on top cyber nominee until Harris visits border|url=https://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/559936-rick-scott-blocks-senate-vote-on-top-cyber-nominee-until-harris-visits|access-date=2021-07-12|website=TheHill|language=en}}</ref>
==Performance==
In September 2022, CISA released their 2023–2025 CISA Strategic Plan, the first comprehensive strategy document since the agency was established in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strategic Plan {{!}} CISA |url=https://www.cisa.gov/strategy |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=www.cisa.gov}}</ref>
In August 2021, Easterly stated "One could argue we’re in the business of critical infrastructure, and the most critical infrastructure is our cognitive infrastructure, so building that resilience to misinformation and disinformation, I think, is incredibly important."<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Klippenstein |first1=Ken |last2=Fang |first2=Lee |date=October 31, 2022 |title=Leaked Documents Outline DHS's Plans to Police Disinformation |url=https://theintercept.com/2022/10/31/social-media-disinformation-dhs/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=The Intercept |language=en}}</ref>
==Organization==
[[File:Real Fake.pdf|thumb|upright|''Real Fake'', a 2020 [[graphic novel]] from CISA about disinformation and misinformation campaigns]]
CISA divisions include the:<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Divisions & Offices |url=https://www.cisa.gov/about/divisions-offices |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center|Cybersecurity Division]]
** Capacity Building
** Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative
** Mission Engineering
** Office of the Technical Director
** Threat Hunting
** Vulnerability Management
* Infrastructure Security Division
** Bombing Prevention
** Chemical Security
** Exercises
** Infrastructure Assessment & Analysis
** School Safety
** Strategy, Performance & Resources
* Emergency Communications Division
* National Risk Management Center
* Integrated Operations Division
** Regions 1 through 10<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |title=CISA Regions |url=https://www.cisa.gov/about/regions |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>
* Stakeholder Engagement Division
** Council Management
** International
** Sector Management
** Strategic Relations
== Major Programs ==
The Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigations program provides cybersecurity tools and services to federal agencies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Jason |date=7 November 2022 |title=CISA signature federal cyber program warrants more than a passing anniversary nod |url=https://federalnewsnetwork.com/reporters-notebook-jason-miller/2022/11/cisa-signature-federal-cyber-program-warrants-more-than-a-passing-anniversary-nod/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Federal News Network}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |title=Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigations Program |url=https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/programs/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm-program |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>
CISA issues "binding operational directives" that require federal government agencies to take action against specific cybersecurity risks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |title=Cybersecurity Directives |url=https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>
In March 2021, CISA assumed control of the ".gov" [[top-level domain]] (TLD) from the [[General Services Administration]]. CISA manages the approval of domains and operates the TLD [[Domain Name System]] nameservers. In April 2021, CISA removed the fee for registering domains.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |date=27 April 2021 |title=A new day for .gov |url=https://get.gov/2021/4/27/a-new-day-for-gov/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref> In January 2023, [[Cloudflare]] received a $7.2M contract to provide DNS registry and hosting services for the TLD.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cloudflare |date=13 January 2023 |title=Cloudflare Wins CISA Contract for Registry and Authoritative Domain Name System (DNS) Services |url=https://cloudflare.net/news/news-details/2023/Cloudflare-Wins-CISA-Contract-for-Registry-and-Authoritative-Domain-Name-System-DNS-Services/default.aspx |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>
CISA provides incident response services to the federal executive branch and US-based entities.
== Committees ==
=== Cybersecurity Advisory Committee ===
In 2021, the Agency created the Cybersecurity Advisory Committee with the following members:<ref>{{Cite web |title=CISA Names 23 Members to New Cybersecurity Advisory Committee {{!}} CISA |url=https://www.cisa.gov/news/2021/12/01/cisa-names-23-members-new-cybersecurity-advisory-committee |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.cisa.gov}}</ref>
* [[Steve Adler (politician)|Steve Adler]], Mayor, City of Austin, Texas
* Marene Allison, Chief Information Security Officer, Johnson & Johnson
* Lori Beer, Chief Information Officer, JPMorgan Chase
* Robert Chesney, James A. Baker III Chair in the Rule of Law and World Affairs, University of Texas School of Law
* [[Thomas A. Fanning|Thomas Fanning]], Chairman, President and CEO, Southern Company
* [[Vijaya Gadde]]
* [[Patrick D. Gallagher]], Chancellor, University of Pittsburgh
* Ronald Green, Executive Vice President and Chief Security Officer, Mastercard
* Niloofar Razi Howe, Board Member, Tenable
* Kevin Mandia, Chief Executive Officer, Mandiant
* [[Jeff Moss (hacker)|Jeff Moss]], President, DEF CON Communications
* [[Nuala O'Connor (technologist)|Nuala O’Connor]], Senior Vice President & Chief Counsel, Digital Citizenship, Walmart
* Nicole Perlroth, Cybersecurity journalist
* [[Cloudflare|Matthew Prince]], Chief Executive Officer, Cloudflare
* [[Kleiner Perkins|Ted Schlein]], General Partner, Kleiner Perkins; and Caufield & Byers
* Stephen Schmidt, Chief Information Security Officer, Amazon Web Services
* Suzanne Spaulding, Senior Advisor for Homeland Security, CSIS
* [[Alex Stamos]], Partner, Krebs Stamos Group
* [[Kate Starbird]], Associate Professor, Human Centered Design & Engineering, University of Washington
* George Stathakopoulos, Vice President of Corporate Information Security, Apple
* [[Alicia Tate-Nadeau]] (ARNG-Ret.), Director, Illinois Emergency Management Agency
* [[Nicole Wong]], Principal, NWong Strategies
* Chris Young, Executive Vice President of Business Development, Strategy, and Ventures, Microsoft
== Directors ==
{{Main|Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan=2| {{abbr|No.|Number}}
! colspan=2| Director
! colspan=3| Term
|-
! Portrait
! Name
! Took office
! Left office
! Term length
|-
{{Officeholder table
| order = 1
| image = Chris Krebs official photo.jpg
| officeholder = [[Chris Krebs|Chris C. Krebs]]
| officeholder_sort = Krebs, Chris C.
| term_start = 16 November 2018
| term_end = 17 November 2020
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|16 November 2018|17 November 2020}}
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 2
| image = Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg
| officeholder = [[Jen Easterly|Jen M. Easterly]]
| officeholder_sort = Easterly, Jen M.
| term_start = 13 July 2021
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|13 July 2021}}
}}
|}
==See also==
* [[List of federal agencies in the United States]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{official website}}
{{DHS agencies}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:2018 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Business services companies established in 2018]]
[[Category:Computer security organizations]]
[[Category:Emergency services in the United States]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 2018]]
[[Category:United States Department of Homeland Security agencies]]' |
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/enwiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Seal_of_re_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency.svg" class="new" title="File:Seal of re and Infrastructure Security Agency.svg">File:Seal of re and Infrastructure Security Agency.svg</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Executive_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Department">Executive Department</a> overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">November 26, 2018<span class="noprint">; 4 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2018-11-26</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Rosslyn, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">~2758 (2023) <sup id="cite_ref-DHS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHS-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$2.9 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Executive_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Department">Executive Department</a> executives</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jen_Easterly" title="Jen Easterly">Jen Easterly</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Director_of_the_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">Director</a><sup id="cite_ref-Leadership_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leadership-2">[2]</a></sup></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Nitin_Natarajan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitin Natarajan (page does not exist)">Nitin Natarajan</a>, Deputy Director<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Executive_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Department">Executive Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cisa.gov">cisa<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</b> (<b>CISA</b>) is an agency of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a> (DHS) that is responsible for strengthening <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cybersecurity" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybersecurity">cybersecurity</a> and infrastructure protection across all levels of government, coordinating cybersecurity programs with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._states" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. states">U.S. states</a>, and improving the government's cybersecurity protections against private and nation-state <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hacker" title="Hacker">hackers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-zdnet_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnet-4">[4]</a></sup> Its activities are a continuation of the National Protection and Programs Directorate (NPPD), and was established on November 16, 2018, when President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signed into law the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency_Act_of_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutcisa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutcisa-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zdnet_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdnet-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Performance"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Performance</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Organization"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Organization</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Major_Programs"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Major Programs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Committees"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Committees</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Cybersecurity_Advisory_Committee"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Cybersecurity Advisory Committee</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Directors"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Directors</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The <b>National Protection and Programs Directorate</b> (<b>NPPD</b>) was formed in 2007 as a component of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> NPPD's goal was to advance the Department's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a> mission by reducing and eliminating threats to U.S. critical physical and cyber infrastructure.
</p><p>On November 16, 2018, President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a> signed into law the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency_Act_of_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018</a>, which elevated the mission of the former NPPD within DHS, establishing the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> CISA is a successor agency to NPPD, and assists both other government agencies and private sector organizations in addressing cybersecurity issues.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> Former NPPD Under-Secretary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christopher_C._Krebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher C. Krebs">Christopher Krebs</a> was CISA's first Director, and former Deputy Under-Secretary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matthew_Travis" title="Matthew Travis">Matthew Travis</a> was its first deputy director.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 22, 2019, CISA issued its first Emergency Directive (19-01: Mitigate DNS Infrastructure Tampering)<sup id="cite_ref-ed-19-01_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed-19-01-11">[11]</a></sup> warning that "an active attacker is targeting government organizations" using <a href="/enwiki/wiki/DNS_spoofing" title="DNS spoofing">DNS spoofing</a> techniques to perform <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Man-in-the-middle attacks">man-in-the-middle attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cisa-blog-feb-19_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cisa-blog-feb-19-12">[12]</a></sup> Research group FireEye stated that "initial research suggests the actor or actors responsible have a nexus to Iran."<sup id="cite_ref-fireeye-feb_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fireeye-feb-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2020, CISA created a website, titled <i>Rumor Control</i>, to rebut <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> associated with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> On November 12, 2020, CISA issued a press release asserting, "There is no evidence that any voting system deleted or lost votes, changed votes, or was in any way compromised."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> On the same day, Director Krebs indicated that he expected to be dismissed from his post by the Trump administration.<sup id="cite_ref-topcyber_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topcyber-16">[16]</a></sup> Krebs was subsequently fired by President Trump on November 17, 2020<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> via tweet for his comments regarding the security of the election.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:267px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg/265px-DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="182" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg/398px-DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg/530px-DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1720" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:DHS_Secretary_Alejandro_Mayorkas_Participates_in_CISA_Swearing_In_Ceremony_-_51369641326.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Homeland Security Secretary</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> at CISA Headquarters in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington, VA</a> in August 2021.</div></div></div>
<p>On July 12, 2021, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> confirmed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jen_Easterly" title="Jen Easterly">Jen Easterly</a> by a Voice Vote.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> Easterly’s nomination had been reported favorably out of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs</a> on June 16, but a floor vote had been reportedly <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Senate_hold" title="Senate hold">held</a> (delayed) by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rick_Scott" title="Rick Scott">Senator Rick Scott</a> over broader national security concerns, until the President or Vice President had visited the southern border with Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Performance">Performance</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Performance">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In September 2022, CISA released their 2023–2025 CISA Strategic Plan, the first comprehensive strategy document since the agency was established in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p><p>In August 2021, Easterly stated "One could argue we’re in the business of critical infrastructure, and the most critical infrastructure is our cognitive infrastructure, so building that resilience to misinformation and disinformation, I think, is incredibly important."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Organization">Organization</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organization">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Real_Fake.pdf" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Real_Fake.pdf/page1-170px-Real_Fake.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Real_Fake.pdf/page1-255px-Real_Fake.pdf.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Real_Fake.pdf/page1-340px-Real_Fake.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="1752" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Real_Fake.pdf" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>Real Fake</i>, a 2020 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a> from CISA about disinformation and misinformation campaigns</div></div></div>
<p>CISA divisions include the:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Cybersecurity_and_Communications_Integration_Center" title="National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center">Cybersecurity Division</a>
<ul><li>Capacity Building</li>
<li>Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative</li>
<li>Mission Engineering</li>
<li>Office of the Technical Director</li>
<li>Threat Hunting</li>
<li>Vulnerability Management</li></ul></li>
<li>Infrastructure Security Division
<ul><li>Bombing Prevention</li>
<li>Chemical Security</li>
<li>Exercises</li>
<li>Infrastructure Assessment & Analysis</li>
<li>School Safety</li>
<li>Strategy, Performance & Resources</li></ul></li>
<li>Emergency Communications Division</li>
<li>National Risk Management Center</li>
<li>Integrated Operations Division
<ul><li>Regions 1 through 10<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li>Stakeholder Engagement Division
<ul><li>Council Management</li>
<li>International</li>
<li>Sector Management</li>
<li>Strategic Relations</li></ul></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Major_Programs">Major Programs</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Major Programs">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigations program provides cybersecurity tools and services to federal agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p>CISA issues "binding operational directives" that require federal government agencies to take action against specific cybersecurity risks.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup>
</p><p>In March 2021, CISA assumed control of the ".gov" <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">top-level domain</a> (TLD) from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a>. CISA manages the approval of domains and operates the TLD <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> nameservers. In April 2021, CISA removed the fee for registering domains.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> In January 2023, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cloudflare" title="Cloudflare">Cloudflare</a> received a $7.2M contract to provide DNS registry and hosting services for the TLD.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup>
</p><p>CISA provides incident response services to the federal executive branch and US-based entities.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Committees">Committees</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Committees">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cybersecurity_Advisory_Committee">Cybersecurity Advisory Committee</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cybersecurity Advisory Committee">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In 2021, the Agency created the Cybersecurity Advisory Committee with the following members:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Adler_(politician)" title="Steve Adler (politician)">Steve Adler</a>, Mayor, City of Austin, Texas</li>
<li>Marene Allison, Chief Information Security Officer, Johnson & Johnson</li>
<li>Lori Beer, Chief Information Officer, JPMorgan Chase</li>
<li>Robert Chesney, James A. Baker III Chair in the Rule of Law and World Affairs, University of Texas School of Law</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_A._Fanning" title="Thomas A. Fanning">Thomas Fanning</a>, Chairman, President and CEO, Southern Company</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vijaya_Gadde" title="Vijaya Gadde">Vijaya Gadde</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patrick_D._Gallagher" title="Patrick D. Gallagher">Patrick D. Gallagher</a>, Chancellor, University of Pittsburgh</li>
<li>Ronald Green, Executive Vice President and Chief Security Officer, Mastercard</li>
<li>Niloofar Razi Howe, Board Member, Tenable</li>
<li>Kevin Mandia, Chief Executive Officer, Mandiant</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Moss_(hacker)" title="Jeff Moss (hacker)">Jeff Moss</a>, President, DEF CON Communications</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nuala_O%27Connor_(technologist)" title="Nuala O'Connor (technologist)">Nuala O’Connor</a>, Senior Vice President & Chief Counsel, Digital Citizenship, Walmart</li>
<li>Nicole Perlroth, Cybersecurity journalist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cloudflare" title="Cloudflare">Matthew Prince</a>, Chief Executive Officer, Cloudflare</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kleiner_Perkins" title="Kleiner Perkins">Ted Schlein</a>, General Partner, Kleiner Perkins; and Caufield & Byers</li>
<li>Stephen Schmidt, Chief Information Security Officer, Amazon Web Services</li>
<li>Suzanne Spaulding, Senior Advisor for Homeland Security, CSIS</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alex_Stamos" title="Alex Stamos">Alex Stamos</a>, Partner, Krebs Stamos Group</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kate_Starbird" title="Kate Starbird">Kate Starbird</a>, Associate Professor, Human Centered Design & Engineering, University of Washington</li>
<li>George Stathakopoulos, Vice President of Corporate Information Security, Apple</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alicia_Tate-Nadeau" title="Alicia Tate-Nadeau">Alicia Tate-Nadeau</a> (ARNG-Ret.), Director, Illinois Emergency Management Agency</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicole_Wong" title="Nicole Wong">Nicole Wong</a>, Principal, NWong Strategies</li>
<li>Chris Young, Executive Vice President of Business Development, Strategy, and Ventures, Microsoft</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Directors">Directors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Directors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Director_of_the_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</a></div>
<table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;">
<tbody><tr>
<th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr>
</th>
<th colspan="2">Director
</th>
<th colspan="3">Term
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th>Portrait
</th>
<th>Name
</th>
<th>Took office
</th>
<th>Left office
</th>
<th>Term length
</th></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; background:none">1</td><td style="; background:none"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative">
<div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg" class="image" title="Chris C. Krebs"><img alt="Chris C. Krebs" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg/100px-Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg/150px-Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg/200px-Chris_Krebs_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="1581" /></a></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span style="display:none">Krebs, Chris C.</span><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Krebs" title="Chris Krebs">Chris C. Krebs</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">16 November 2018</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">17 November 2020</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span data-sort-value="7002732000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 1 day</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; background:none">2</td><td style="; background:none"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative">
<div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg" class="image" title="Jen M. Easterly"><img alt="Jen M. Easterly" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg/100px-Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg/150px-Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg/200px-Director-Jen-Easterly-portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4307" data-file-height="5384" /></a></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span style="display:none">Easterly, Jen M.</span><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jen_Easterly" title="Jen Easterly">Jen M. Easterly</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">13 July 2021</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><i>Incumbent</i></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span data-sort-value="7002665000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 300 days</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">List of federal agencies in the United States</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cisa.gov/nitin-natarajan">"NITIN NATARAJAN"</a>. Department of Homeland Security. February 16, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210223060452/https://www.cisa.gov/nitin-natarajan">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NITIN+NATARAJAN&rft.pub=Department+of+Homeland+Security&rft.date=2021-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cisa.gov%2Fnitin-natarajan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACybersecurity+and+Infrastructure+Security+Agency" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-zdnet-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zdnet_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zdnet_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFCimpanu2018" class="citation news cs1">Cimpanu, Catalin (November 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/trump-signs-bill-that-creates-the-cybersecurity-and-infrastructure-security-agency/">"Trump signs bill that creates the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190219233958/https://www.zdnet.com/article/trump-signs-bill-that-creates-the-cybersecurity-and-infrastructure-security-agency/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=Trump+signs+bill+that+creates+the+Cybersecurity+and+Infrastructure+Security+Agency&rft.date=2018-11-16&rft.aulast=Cimpanu&rft.aufirst=Catalin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Ftrump-signs-bill-that-creates-the-cybersecurity-and-infrastructure-security-agency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACybersecurity+and+Infrastructure+Security+Agency" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhs.gov/xabout/structure/editorial_0794.shtm">"DHS | About the National Protection and Programs Directorate"</a>. Dhs.gov. 2011-08-26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925073645/http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/structure/editorial_0794.shtm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-09-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DHS+%26%23124%3B+About+the+National+Protection+and+Programs+Directorate&rft.pub=Dhs.gov&rft.date=2011-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fxabout%2Fstructure%2Feditorial_0794.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACybersecurity+and+Infrastructure+Security+Agency" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFCloudflare2023" class="citation web cs1">Cloudflare (13 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloudflare.net/news/news-details/2023/Cloudflare-Wins-CISA-Contract-for-Registry-and-Authoritative-Domain-Name-System-DNS-Services/default.aspx">"Cloudflare Wins CISA Contract for Registry and Authoritative Domain Name System (DNS) Services"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cloudflare+Wins+CISA+Contract+for+Registry+and+Authoritative+Domain+Name+System+%28DNS%29+Services&rft.date=2023-01-13&rft.au=Cloudflare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudflare.net%2Fnews%2Fnews-details%2F2023%2FCloudflare-Wins-CISA-Contract-for-Registry-and-Authoritative-Domain-Name-System-DNS-Services%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACybersecurity+and+Infrastructure+Security+Agency" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cisa.gov/news/2021/12/01/cisa-names-23-members-new-cybersecurity-advisory-committee">"CISA Names 23 Members to New Cybersecurity Advisory Committee | CISA"</a>. <i>www.cisa.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cisa.gov&rft.atitle=CISA+Names+23+Members+to+New+Cybersecurity+Advisory+Committee+%7C+CISA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cisa.gov%2Fnews%2F2021%2F12%2F01%2Fcisa-names-23-members-new-cybersecurity-advisory-committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACybersecurity+and+Infrastructure+Security+Agency" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cisa.gov/">Official website</a></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205058#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul>
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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="Template:United States Department of Homeland Security"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="Template talk:United States Department of Homeland Security"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li>Headquarters: <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Elizabeths_Hospital" title="St. Elizabeths Hospital">St. Elizabeths West Campus</a></b></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Tien" title="John Tien">John Tien</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security">Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security">Deputy Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard" title="Commandant of the Coast Guard">Commandant</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Director_of_the_U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="Director of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Director</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">Customs and Border Protection</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Center_for_Domestic_Preparedness" title="Center for Domestic Preparedness">Center for Domestic Preparedness</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Flood_Insurance_Program" title="National Flood Insurance Program">National Flood Insurance Program</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Fire_Administration" title="United States Fire Administration">United States Fire Administration</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Center">Federal Law Enforcement Training Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Operations_Coordination" title="DHS Office of Operations Coordination">Office of Operations Coordination</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Director_of_the_Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">Director</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Health_Affairs" title="DHS Office of Health Affairs">Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Strategy,_Policy,_and_Plans" title="DHS Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans">Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Office_of_Immigration_Statistics" title="Office of Immigration Statistics">Office of Immigration Statistics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Homeland_Security_Advisory_Council" title="Homeland Security Advisory Council">Homeland Security Advisory Council</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="247" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Science and Technology">Science and<br /> Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate" title="DHS Science and Technology Directorate">Science and Technology Directorate</a><br />
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HSARPA" title="HSARPA">Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHS_Explosives_Division" title="DHS Explosives Division">Explosives Division</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHS_Chemical_and_Biological_Defense_Division" title="DHS Chemical and Biological Defense Division">Chemical and Biological Defense Division</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHS_Border_and_Maritime_Security_Division" title="DHS Border and Maritime Security Division">Border and Maritime Security Division</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHS_Human_Factors_and_Behavioral_Sciences_Division" title="DHS Human Factors and Behavioral Sciences Division">Human Factors and Behavioral Sciences Division</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHS_Infrastructure_Protection_and_Disaster_Management_Division" title="DHS Infrastructure Protection and Disaster Management Division">Infrastructure Protection and Disaster Management Division</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHS_Cyber_Security_Division" title="DHS Cyber Security Division">Cyber Security Division</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Cybersecurity_and_Communications_Integration_Center" title="National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center">National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security_for_Intelligence_and_Analysis" title="Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis">Intelligence and Analysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis" title="DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis">Office of Intelligence and Analysis</a></li>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security_for_Management" title="Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Management">Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DHS_Management_Directorate" title="DHS Management Directorate">Management Directorate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">Federal Protective Service</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Office_of_Biometric_Identity_Management" title="Office of Biometric Identity Management">Office of Biometric Identity Management</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement in the United States</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism in the United States</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205058#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" class="noprint" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000459405707">ISNI</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/863159035157201380007">VIAF</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States Department of Homeland Security National Protection and Programs Directorate"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2010001342/">WorldCat</a></span></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2020061910">United States</a></span></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1683656152' |