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'{{Short description|Instant transfer between two points}} {{Redirect|Teleporter|machines with booms to move loads|Telescopic handler|the album by Pseudo Echo|Teleporter (album)|the quantum phenomenon or technique|Quantum teleportation}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} {{more citations needed section|date=July 2019}} '''Teleportation''' is the hypothetical transfer of [[matter]] or [[energy]] from one point to another without traversing the physical space between them. It is a common subject in science fiction [[Teleportation in fiction|literature]] and in other popular culture. Teleportation is often paired with [[time travel]], being that the travelling between the two points takes an unknown period of time, sometimes being immediate. An [[Apport (paranormal)|apport]] is a similar phenomenon featured in [[parapsychology]] and [[spiritualism]]. There is no known [[Physics|physical]] mechanism that would allow for teleportation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/05/is-teleportation-possible.html|title=Is Teleportation Possible?|website=Slate|date=23 May 2013|access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref> Frequently appearing [[scholarly article|scientific papers]] and media articles with the term ''teleportation'' typically report on so-called "[[quantum teleportation]]", a scheme for [[information transfer]] which, due to the [[no-communication theorem]], still would not allow for [[faster-than-light]] communication.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popsci.com/quantum-teleportation-real|title=Quantum teleportation is real, but it's not what you think|website=Popular Science|date=19 February 2019|access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref> ==Etymology== The use of the term ''teleport'' to describe the [[hypothetical]] [[motion|movement]] of material objects between one place and another without physically traversing the distance between them has been documented as early as 1878.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1878-10-23/ed-1/seq-4/ocr/|title=The Hawaiian gazette. (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865–1918, October 23, 1878, Image 4|work=loc.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65763678|title=29 Jun 1878 – THE LATEST WONDER.|work=nla.gov.au|date=29 June 1878 }}</ref> American writer [[Charles Fort]] is credited with having coined the word ''teleportation'' in 1931<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/fort/lo/lo02.htm |title=Lo!: Part I: 2 |publisher=Sacred-texts.com |access-date=20 March 2014}}</ref><ref>"less well-known is the fact that Charles Fort coined the word in 1931" in Rickard, B. and Michell, J. ''Unexplained Phenomena: a Rough Guide special'' (Rough Guides, 2000 ({{ISBN|1-85828-589-5}}), p.3)</ref> to describe the strange disappearances and appearances of [[Fortean anomaly|anomalies]], which he suggested may be connected. As in the earlier usage, he joined the [[Greek language|Greek]] prefix ''[[wikt:tele-|tele-]]'' (meaning "remote") to the root of the [[Latin language|Latin]] verb ''[[wikt:portare|portare]]'' (meaning "to carry").<ref>{{cite web|title=Teleportation |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=teleportation |publisher=Etymology online |access-date=7 October 2016}}</ref> Fort's first formal use of the word occurred in the second chapter of his 1931 book ''[[Lo!]]'':<ref>{{cite web |author=Mr. X |url= http://www.resologist.net/lo102.htm |title=Lo!: A Hypertext Edition of Charles Hoy Fort's Book |publisher=Resologist.net |access-date=20 March 2014}}</ref> {{Quote|Mostly in this book I shall specialize upon indications that there exists a transportory force that I shall call ''Teleportation''. I shall be accused of having assembled lies, yarns, hoaxes, and superstitions. To some degree I think so, myself. To some degree, I do not. I offer the data.}} ==Cultural references== ===Fiction=== {{Main|Teleportation in fiction}} Teleportation is a common subject in science fiction literature, film, video games, and television. The use of matter transmitters in science fiction originated at least as early as the 19th century.<ref>''Matter Transmission'' in John Clute and, Peter Nichols (ed), ''The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'', Orbit, 1999 {{ISBN|1 85723 897 4}}</ref> An early example of scientific teleportation (as opposed to magical or spiritual teleportation) is found in the 1897 novel ''[[To Venus in Five Seconds]]'' by [[Fred T. Jane]]. Jane's protagonist is transported from a strange-machinery-containing [[gazebo]] on Earth to planet [[Venus]] – hence the title. The earliest recorded story of a "matter transmitter" was [[Edward Page Mitchell]]'s "The Man Without a Body" in 1877.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/teleportation.html|title=Teleportation in early science fiction|publisher=The Worlds of David Darling|access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> ==Quantum teleportation== {{Main|Quantum teleportation}} [[Quantum teleportation]] is distinct from regular teleportation, as it does not transfer matter from one place to another, but rather transmits the [[information]] necessary to prepare a ([[microscopic]]) target system in the same [[quantum state]] as the source system. The scheme was named quantum “teleportation”, because certain properties of the source system are recreated in the target system without any apparent [[quantum information]] carrier propagating between the two. In many cases, such as normal matter at room temperature, the exact quantum state of a system is irrelevant for any practical purpose (because it fluctuates rapidly anyway, it "[[Quantum decoherence|decoheres]]"), and the necessary information to recreate the system is classical. In those cases, quantum teleportation may be replaced by the simple [[data transmission|transmission of classical information]], such as radio communication. In 1993, Bennett ''et al''<ref>C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, W. K. Wootters (1993), Teleporting an Unknown Quantum State via Dual Classical and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895–1899.</ref> proposed that a quantum state of a particle could be transferred to another distant particle, without moving the two particles at all. This is called quantum state teleportation. There are many following theoretical and experimental papers published.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bouwmeester | first1 = D. |display-authors=etal |year=1997 |title=Experimental quantum teleportation |journal=Nature |volume=390 |issue=6660 |pages=575–579 |doi=10.1038/37539 |bibcode=1997Natur.390..575B| arxiv = 1901.11004 | s2cid = 4422887 }}</ref><ref name="Werner2001">{{cite journal |title=All teleportation and dense coding schemes |last1=Werner |first1=Reinhard F. |date=2001 |journal=J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. |volume=34 |number=35 |pages=7081–7094 |doi=10.1088/0305-4470/34/35/332 |arxiv=quant-ph/0003070|bibcode=2001JPhA...34.7081W |s2cid=9684671 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ren|first1=Ji-Gang|last2=Xu|first2=Ping|last3=Yong|first3=Hai-Lin|last4=Zhang|first4=Liang|last5=Liao|first5=Sheng-Kai|last6=Yin|first6=Juan|last7=Liu|first7=Wei-Yue|last8=Cai|first8=Wen-Qi|last9=Yang|first9=Meng |year=2017 |title=Ground-to-satellite quantum teleportation |journal=Nature |volume=549 |issue=7670|pages=70–73|doi=10.1038/nature23675|pmid=28825708|arxiv=1707.00934|bibcode=2017Natur.549...70R|s2cid=4468803}}</ref> Researchers believe that quantum teleportation is the foundation of quantum calculation and quantum communication.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} In 2008, M. Hotta<ref>{{cite news | first=Masahiro | last=Hotta | title =A PROTOCOL FOR QUANTUM ENERGY DISTRIBUTION| work=Phys. Lett. A 372 5671 (2008)}}</ref> proposed that it may be possible to teleport energy by exploiting [[quantum fluctuation|quantum energy fluctuations]] of an entangled [[vacuum state]] of a quantum field. There are some papers published but no experimental verification.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} In 2014, researcher [[Ronald Hanson]] and colleagues from the Technical University Delft in the Netherlands, demonstrated the teleportation of information between two entangled quantumbits three metres apart.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.delta.tudelft.nl/article/hansonlab-demonstrates-quantum-teleportation-0|title = Hansonlab demonstrates quantum teleportation}}</ref> In 2016, Y. Wei showed that in a generalization of quantum mechanics, particles themselves could teleport from one place to another.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.93.066103 |title=Comment on "Fractional quantum mechanics" and "Fractional Schrödinger equation" |last1=Wei |first1=Yuchuan |date=29 June 2016 |journal=Physical Review E |volume=93 |issue=6 |page=066103 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevE.93.066103 |pmid=27415397 |arxiv=1607.01356 |bibcode=2016PhRvE..93f6103W |s2cid=20010251 }}</ref> This is called particle teleportation. With this concept, [[superconductivity]] can be viewed as the teleportation of some electrons in the superconductor and [[superfluidity]] as the teleportation of some of the atoms in the cellular tube. This effect is not predicted to occur in standard quantum mechanics. ==Philosophy== Philosopher [[Derek Parfit]] used teleportation in his [[teletransportation paradox]].<ref>Peg Tittle,''What If...: Collected Thought Experiments in Philosophy'', Routledge, 2016, {{ISBN|1315509326}}, pages 88–89</ref> ==See also== {{div col}} *[[Apport (paranormal)]] *[[1593 transported soldier legend]] *[[Bilocation]] *[[Materialization (paranormal)]] *[[Philadelphia experiment]] *[[Quantum teleportation]] *[[Teletransportation paradox]] *[[Wormhole]] {{div col end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== {{Commons category|Teleportation}} *{{cite book|author=David Darling|author-link=David J. Darling|year=2005|title=Teleportation: The Impossible Leap|url=https://archive.org/details/teleportationimp00darl|url-access=registration|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-71545-0}} *Lawrence M. Krauss (1995), ''[[The Physics of Star Trek]]'', Basic Books, {{ISBN|978-0465002047}} *Eric W. Davis (2004), ''Teleportation Physics Study'', Air Force Research Laboratory AFRL-PR-ED-TR-2003-0034 * {{cite book|author=Bernd Thaller|title=Advanced Visual Quantum Mechanics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iq1Gi6hmTRAC&pg=PA170|year=2005|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-27127-9|at=4.3.3 Classical teleportation is impossible pp. 170–171}} * [http://discovermagazine.com/2014/julyaug/20-the-ups-and-downs-of-teleportation Will Human Teleportation Ever Be Possible?] * [http://io9.com/human-teleportation-is-far-more-impractical-than-we-tho-988408753 Human teleportation is far more impractical than we thought] * Y. Wei (2016), How to teleport a particle rather than a state Phys Rev E 93. 066103 {{Science fiction}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Teleportation}} [[Category:Teleportation| ]]'