Examine individual changes

'{{Infobox public transit | name = Metrocable | image = metrocablemed.jpg | caption = | transit_type = [[Gondola lift]] | system = | locale = [[Medellín, Colombia]] | start = | end = | stations = 19 | lines = 6 | ridership = | began_operation = 2004 (Line K) | close = | owner = | operator = [[Medellín Metro]] | character = | stock = | system_length = {{convert|14.62|km|abbr=on}} | average_speed = {{convert|18|kph|abbr=on}} | map = | imagesize = | alt = | area served = | line_number = [[File:Línea K (Logo Metro de Medellín).svg|15px|Línea K (Logo Metro de Medellín)]] (Acevedo-Santo Domingo) [[File:Línea J (Logo Metro de Medellín).svg|15px|Línea J (Logo Metro de Medellín)]] (San Javier-La Aurora) [[File:Línea L (Logo Metro de Medellín).svg|15px|Línea L (Logo Metro de Medellín)]] (Santo Domingo-Arví) [[File:Línea H (Logo Metro de Medellín).svg|15px|Línea H (Logo Metro de Medellín)]] (Oriente-Villa Sierra) [[File:Línea M (Logo Metro de Medellín).svg|15px|Línea M (Logo Metro de Medellín)]] (Miraflores-Trece de Noviembre) [[File:Línea P (Logo Metro de Medellín).svg|15px|Línea P (Logo Metro de Medellín)]] (Acevedo-El Progreso) | annual_ridership = 16 million (2019)<ref name="etup">[https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/boletines/transporte/bol_transp_IVtrim19.pdf "Boletín Técnico Encuesta de Transporte Urbano de Pasajeros (ETUP) Cuarto trimestre de 2019"]. p. 13.</ref> | chief_executive = | website = | vehicles = | map_state = }} {{Short description|First urban transit cablecar}} '''Metrocable''' is a [[gondola lift]] system implemented by the City Council of [[Medellín]], [[Colombia]], with the purpose of providing a transportation service that complements the [[Medellín Metro]]. It was designed to reach some of the city's informal settlements on the steep hills that mark its topography. It is largely considered to be the first urban cable propelled transit system in South America. The transportation infrastructure is already established and has been in service since 2004. The system consists of a network of 16 pre-existing gondolas. However, in these systems the passengers ride through windows attached to the inside of the gondola, and therefore do not have to interact with others.<ref>[http://gondolaproject.com/2010/03/11/medellincaracas-part-1/ The Gondola Project] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921175323/http://gondolaproject.com/2010/03/11/medellincaracas-part-1/ |date=2015-09-21 }} Medellin/Caracas, Part 1 - Retrieved on 2010-03-14</ref> There were plans in the city for some decades before its inception for some form of transportation that took account of the difficult topography of the region. These ideas date back to the use of cable-car technology for exporting coffee ([[Manizales - Mariquita Cableway]]) starting in the 1930s between the city of [[Manizales]], to the south of Medellín, and the [[Cauca River]] {{convert|2000|m|ft}} below. In its modern incarnation, it was the result of a joint effort between the city's elected mayor, Luis Pérez Gutiérrez, and the Metro Company.<ref>Dávila, JD (ed.), 2013, [http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1366633/ Urban Mobility and Poverty: Lessons from Medellin and Soacha, Colombia], UCL and Universidad Nacional de Colombia.</ref> For some, the initial conception of this system was indirectly inspired by the [[Caracas Aerial Tramway]] (also known as the Mount Avila Gondola) which was designed primarily to carry passengers to a luxury hotel in the 1950s. Line K of the Metrocable connecting the [[Medellín River]] valley to the steep hills in Comunas (districts) 1 and 2, was the first system in the world dedicated to public transport, with a fixed service schedule. Since starting operations in 2004, it carries 30,000 people daily and is operationally integrated into the rest of Medellín's mass transit system ([[SITVA]]), which includes the overground Metro, [[bus rapid transit]] system (BRT) and a tramway line (opened in 2016). As of 2020, the Medellín Metrocable system has five lines, namely Line H, Line K, Line J, Line L (Cable Arvi) and Line M. Overall, the system has been received with enthusiasm by the locals, who are mainly low-income users and are prepared to queue for up to 45 minutes at peak times to use it.<ref>Brand, P and Dávila, JD, 2011, Mobility innovation at the urban margins, City 15:6, 647-661.</ref> There is a rapidly growing number of similar systems in cities in Latin America ([[Metrocable (Caracas)]], [[Mi Teleférico|Mi Teleférico (La Paz)]], [[Manizales#Manizales Aerial Tramway|Manizales]], [[Cali#Public transport|Cali]], [[TransMiCable]] ([[Bogotá]]), [[Mexicable]] near Mexico City,<ref>Burnett, V, 2017, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/28/world/americas/mexico-city-mexicable.html?_r=0 Near Mexico City, cable car lets commuters glide over traffic], New York Times (28 December).</ref> among others) and elsewhere. ==Description== Medellín is located in the [[Aburrá Valley]] and is surrounded by hills. Many of those hills are home to [[barrio|underdeveloped barrios]] (asentamientos informales), which due to their location cannot be reached by Medellín's biggest mass transportation system Metro. Many of these barrios are in fact located in very steep grounds to the extent that not even a regular bus system could be either useful or commercially profitable. Before the implementation of the Metrocable Line K, residents of the Santo Domingo Savio barrio spent upwards of 2{{fraction|1|2}} hours commuting to work each way. The Metrocable system is a branch of Medellín's metro and it is managed by the corporation Metro of Medellín. The system uses Monocable Detachable Gondola technology which consists of cable cars connected to a fixed cable through means of a detachable grip. The haulage cable is pulled by large wheels allowing the cabins to move at an average speed of {{convert|10|mph}}. The system was built by the French company [[Poma]]. ==Routes== [[file:2018 Medellín , Metrocable estación Villa Sierra de la Línea H.jpg|thumb|Villa Sierra station, the eastern terminus of the H Line.]] As of 2020, five Metrocable lines have been opened -Line H, Line J, Line K, Line L and Line M- and one is under construction (Line P). ===Line K=== {{BS-map |title=K & L |collapsible=0 |legend=0 |map= {{BS3-2|||KBHFa||Arví}} {{BS3-2||KXBHFa-L|KXBHFe-R|Santo Domingo (K)|Sto. Domingo (L)}} {{BS3-2||BHF||Popular}} {{BS3-2||BHF||Andalucía}} {{BS3-2|uCONTgq|KBHFe|uCONTfq|O2=uBHFq|O22=lINT|[[Acevedo station|Acevedo]]|||''[[Medellín Metro]]''}} }} Line K was the initial line that was built and was first opened in 2004. It has a length of 2.07&nbsp;km and contains the following four stations: Acevedo, Andalucia, Popular, and Santo Domingo. Construction costs are estimated at $26 million USD.<ref>[http://gondolaproject.com/2010/03/12/medellincaracas-part-2// The Gondola Project] Medellin/Caracas, Part 2 - Retrieved on 2010-03-12</ref> ===Line J=== {{BS-map |title=J |collapsible=0 |legend=0 |map= {{BS2-2|KBHFa||La Aurora}} {{BS2-2|BHF||Vallejuelos}} {{BS2-2|BHF||Juan XXIII}} {{BS2-2|KBHFe|uCONTfq|O1=uKBHFaq|O12=lINT|[[San Javier station|San Javier]]|||''[[Medellín Metro]]''}} }} Soon after officials saw the enormous success of Line K, plans to proceed with another line - Line J - was immediately on the table. It officially opened in 2008.<ref>[http://gondolaproject.com/2010/03/15/medellincaracas-part-3/ The Gondola Project]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Medellin/Caracas, Part 3 - Retrieved on 2010-03-14</ref> Similar to Line K, it also has four stations: San Javier, Juan XXIII, Vallejuelos and La Aurora. The entire length of Line J runs along 2.7&nbsp;km of cable. ===Line L=== Line L does not serve communal areas, rather, it is a tourist-oriented line which is connected to [[Arví Park]] and is part of a social project to bring retreats and nature to the masses.<ref>[http://gondolaproject.com/2010/03/15/medellincaracas-part-4/ The Gondola Project] Medellin/Caracas, Part 4 - Retrieved on 2010-03-15</ref> Passengers must pay an extra fare - 12,500 Colombian Pesos ($2.50 USD approx.) one way to ride this line. It is connected to Line K's terminus station - Santo Domingo. It is also expected that this new line will help promote and develop tourism in the rural areas around Lake Guarne. It will take 14 minutes to ascend to El Tambo and there will be no intermediate stations. ===Line H=== {{BS-map |title=H |collapsible=0 |legend=0 |map= {{BS2-2||KBHFa||Villa Sierra}} {{BS2-2||BHF||Las Torres}} {{BS2-2|uCONTgq|KBHFe|O2=uKBHFeq|O22=lINT||Oriente|''[[Ayacucho Tram]]''}} }} Line H was opened in 2016. It has a length of 1.4 km and includes three stations: Oriente, Las Torres and Villa Sierra. The demand is estimated at 1,800 passengers per hour (compared with 3,000 for Line K). In Oriente station, it connects to the [[Ayacucho Tram]] line, which in turns is connected to Line A of the overground metro system. ===Line M=== {{BS-map |title=M |collapsible=0 |legend=0 |map= {{BS2-2||KBHFa||Trece de Noviembre}} {{BS2-2||BHF||El Pinal}} {{BS2-2|uCONTgq|KBHFe|O2=uBHFq|O22=lINT||Miraflores|''[[Ayacucho Tram]]''}} }} Line M was opened in 2019. It has a length of 1.05 km and includes three stations: Miraflores, El Pinal and Trece de Noviembre. It has a capacity of 2,500 passengers per hour and in Miraflores station, it connects to the [[Ayacucho Tram]] line, which in turns is connected to Line A of the overground metro system. ===Line P=== Line P, which extends west from Acevedo station, was inaugurated Jun 10 2021. ==Public transit== [[File:Metro cable medellin 1.JPG|250px|thumbnail|left|View of Metrocable crossing the [[Medellín river]]]] [[Aerial lift]]s are not often used as a mass transportation system, although they can be used as such. However, they are becoming more popular with examples which include the [[Metrocable (Caracas)|Metrocable]] system in [[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]], the [[Mexicable]] system in [[Ecatepec]], [[Mexico]], the [[Mi Teleférico]] system in [[La Paz]], [[Bolivia]], the [[Teleférico do Alemão]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] (currently closed),<ref>[http://www.sportsfeatures.com/presspoint/pressrelease/51964/president-of-rio-2016-visits-complexo-do-alemo-cable-car-system Sports Features] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105031359/http://www.sportsfeatures.com/presspoint/pressrelease/51964/president-of-rio-2016-visits-complexo-do-alemo-cable-car-system |date=2011-01-05 }} President of Rio 2016 visits Complexo do Alemao cable car system - Retrieved on 2010-12-24</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://gondolaproject.com/2010/10/13/the-complexo-do-alemao-teleferico/ | title=Rio to Open Urban Gondola System This Year | accessdate=March 9, 2011 | publisher=The Gondola Project | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422065210/http://gondolaproject.com/2010/10/13/the-complexo-do-alemao-teleferico/ | archive-date=April 22, 2019 | url-status=dead }} Includes route overview.</ref> and, in the United States, the [[Roosevelt Island Tramway]] in [[New York City]] and the [[Portland Aerial Tram]] in [[Portland, Oregon]]. While gondolas used as transit offer many advantages such as the ability of build on terrain that precludes other surface transportations, cost-effectiveness, low emissions and energy efficiency, one of the disadvantages of gondolas is the risk of power outages. In case of a hazard or an emergency it is not possible to exit the cabins. However, Medellín Metro is ameliorating this problem by providing a communication system in every vehicle should an emergency occur. Studies have suggested strong correlations between the intervention of the Metrocables and dramatic reductions in crime associated with the areas where Medellín Metrocable has been introduced.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 3353133 | pmid=22472117 | doi=10.1093/aje/kwr428 | volume=175 | title=Reducing violence by transforming neighborhoods: a natural experiment in Medellín, Colombia | year=2012 | journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. | pages=1045–53 | last1 = Cerdá | first1 = M | last2 = Morenoff | first2 = JD | last3 = Hansen | first3 = BB | last4 = Tessari Hicks | first4 = KJ | last5 = Duque | first5 = LF | last6 = Restrepo | first6 = A | last7 = Diez-Roux | first7 = AV| issue=10 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==References== {{Reflist|2}} == See also == {{commons-inline|category:Metrocable|Metrocable}} *[[Medellín Metro]] *[[Metrocable (Caracas)]] *[[Aerovia (Guayaquil)]] {{coord missing|Colombia}} {{Medellín Metro}} {{Colombia urban transit|state=collapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Metrocable (Medellin)}} [[Category:Aerial tramways in Colombia]] [[Category:Vertical transport devices]] [[Category:Medellín]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 2004]] [[Category:2004 establishments in Colombia]]'