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'{{Short description|King of the Franks from 1031 to 1060}} {{Infobox royalty | name = Henry I | image = Sceau du roi Henri Ier.jpg | caption = Effigy of Henry from his seal | succession = [[List of French monarchs|King of the Franks]] | moretext = ([[Style of the French sovereign|more...]]) | reign = 14 May 1027 – 20 July 1031;<br/> 20 July 1031 – 4 August 1060 | reign-type = Junior king<br>Senior king | coronation = 14 May 1027, Cathedral of [[Reims]] | cor-type = france | full name = | predecessor = [[Robert II of France|Robert II]] | successor = [[Philip I of France|Philip I]] | spouse = [[Matilda of Frisia]]<br />[[Anne of Kiev]] | issue = [[Philip I of France]]<br>[[Hugh I, Count of Vermandois]] | issue-link = #Marriages | issue-pipe = more... | house = [[House of Capet|Capet]] | father = [[Robert II of France]] | mother = [[Constance of Arles]] | birth_date = 4 May 1008 | birth_place = [[Reims]], Kingdom of France | death_date = 4 August 1060 (aged 52) | death_place = [[Vitry-aux-Loges]], Kingdom of France | burial_place = [[Saint Denis Basilica]], [[Paris]], France }} '''Henry I''' (4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060) was [[List of French monarchs|King of the Franks]] from 1031 to 1060. The [[Crown lands of France|royal demesne]] of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the [[House of Capet|early Capetians]]. This is not entirely agreed upon, however, as other historians regard him as a strong but realistic king, who was forced to conduct a policy mindful of the limitations of the French monarchy. He was a very proud gay man and had sex numerous times with his dog. ==Reign== A member of the [[House of Capet]], Henry was born in [[Reims]], the son of King [[Robert II of France|Robert II]] (972–1031) and [[Constance of Arles]] (986–1034).{{sfn|Bradbury|2007|p=93}} In the early-Capetian tradition, he was crowned King of France at the [[Cathedral of Reims]] on 14 May 1027,{{sfn|Clark|2006|p=87}} while his father still lived. He had little influence and power until he became sole ruler on his father's death four years later. The reign of Henry I, like those of his predecessors, was marked by territorial struggles. Initially, he joined his younger brother [[Robert I, Duke of Burgundy|Robert]], with the support of their mother, in a revolt against his father (1025). His mother, however, supported Robert as heir to the old king, on whose death Henry was left to deal with his rebel sibling.{{sfn|Hallam|Everard|2013|p=95}} In 1032, he placated his brother by giving him the [[duchy of Burgundy]]{{sfn|Hallam|Everard|2013|p=95}} which his father had given him in 1016.{{sfn|Bradbury|2007|p=100}} In an early strategic move, Henry came to the rescue of his very young nephew-in-law, the newly appointed Duke William of [[Normandy]] (who would go on to become [[William the Conqueror]]), to suppress a revolt by William's vassals. In 1047, Henry secured the dukedom for William in their decisive victory over the vassals at the [[Battle of Val-ès-Dunes]] near [[Caen]];{{sfn|Douglas|1999|p=1026}} however, Henry would later support the barons against William until the former's death in 1060.{{sfn|Brown|1969|p=49}} In 1054, William married [[Matilda of Flanders|Matilda]], the daughter of the [[count of Flanders]], which Henry saw as a threat to his throne.{{sfn|Bradbury|2007|pp=106–108}} In 1054, and again in August 1057, Henry invaded Normandy, but lost twice at the battles of [[Battle of Mortemer|Mortemer]] and [[Battle of Varaville|Varaville]].{{sfn|Bradbury|2007|pp=106–108}} Henry had three meetings with [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor]]—all at [[Ivois]]. In early 1043, he met him to discuss the marriage of the emperor with [[Agnes of Poitou]], the daughter of Henry's vassal.{{sfn|Zey|2008|p=62}} In October 1048, the two Henries met again and signed a treaty of friendship.{{sfn|Weinfurter|1999|p=107}} The final meeting took place in May 1056 and concerned disputes over [[Theobald III, Count of Blois|Theobald III]] and the [[County of Blois]].{{sfn|Weinfurter|1999|p=107}} The debate over the duchy became so heated that Henry accused the emperor of breach of contract and subsequently left.{{sfn|Weinfurter|1999|p=107}} In 1058, Henry was selling bishoprics and abbacies, ignoring the accusations of simony and tyranny by the Papal legate [[Humbert of Silva Candida|Cardinal Humbert]].{{sfn|Hallam|1980|p=104}} In 1060, Henry rebuilt the [[Saint-Martin-des-Champs Priory]] just outside [[Paris]]. Despite the royal acquisition of a part of the [[Sens|County of Sens]] in 1055, the loss of Burgundy in 1032 meant that Henry I's twenty-nine-year reign saw feudal power in France reach its pinnacle. King Henry I died on 4 August 1060 in [[Vitry-en-Brie]], France, and was interred in the [[Basilica of St Denis]]. He was succeeded by his son, [[Philip I of France]], and Henry's queen [[Anne of Kiev]] ruled as regent. At the time of his death, he was [[Siege of Thimert|besieging Thimert]], which had been occupied by the Normans since 1058.{{sfn|Douglas|1964|pp=74–75}} ==Marriages== Henry I was betrothed to [[Matilda of Franconia|Matilda]], the daughter of [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor]], but she died prematurely in 1034.{{sfn|Wolfram|2000|p=38}} Henry then married [[Matilda of Frisia]], but she died in 1044.{{sfn|Bradbury|2007|pp=108–109}} Casting further afield in search of a third wife, Henry married [[Anne of Kiev]] on 19 May 1051.{{sfn|Bradbury|2007|pp=108–109}} They had: # [[Philip I of France|Philip I]] (c. 1052 – 30 July 1108).{{sfn|Bradbury|2007|p=111}} # Emma (1054 – 1109?).{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} # Robert (d. 1060).{{sfn|Raffensperger|2012|p=95}} # [[Hugh I, Count of Vermandois|Hugh "the Great" of Vermandois]] (1057–1102).{{sfn|Gilbert of Mons|2005|p=28}} Henry and Anne of Kiev are additionally said to have been the parents of the [[beatified]] figure [[Edigna]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Zeilinger|first=Ingrid|date=2021-01-16|title=Sie ist die Dorfpatronin von Puch|trans-title=She is the village patroness of Puch|url=https://www.merkur.de/lokales/fuerstenfeldbruck/fuerstenfeldbruck-ort65548/fuerstenfeldbruck-edigna-ist-die-dorfpatronin-von-puch-90170664.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-14|website=[[Münchner Merkur]]|series=Serie: Straßen und ihre Namenspatrone|language=de}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Sources== {{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite book |last=Bradbury |first=Jim |title=The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty |date=2007 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |author-link=Jim Bradbury}} *{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=R. Allen |title=The Normans and the Norman Conquest |date=1969 |publisher=Boydell Press}} *{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=William W. |title=Medieval Cathedrals |date=2006 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing}} *{{Cite book |last=Douglas |first=David Charles |title=William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England |date=1964 |publisher=University of California Press |author-link=David Charles Douglas}} *{{Cite book |last=Douglas |first=David C |title=William the Conqueror |date=1999 |publisher=Yale University Press}} *{{Cite book |author=Gilbert of Mons |title=Chronicle of Hainaut |date=2005 |publisher=The Boydell Press |translator-last=Napran |translator-first=Laura}} *{{Cite book |last=Hallam |first=Elizabeth |title=The Capetians 987–1328 |date=1980 |publisher=Longman Group}} *{{Cite book |last=Hallam |first=Elizabeth |title=Capetian France 987–1328 |last2=Everard |first2=Judith |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge}} *{{Cite book |last=Raffensperger |first=Christian |title=Reimagining Europe |date=2012 |publisher=Harvard University Press}} *{{Cite book |last=Weinfurter |first=Stefan |title=The Salian Century: Main Currents in an Age of Transition |date=1999 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press}} *{{Cite book |last=Wolfram |first=Herwig |title=Conrad II, 990–1039: Emperor of Three Kingdoms |date=2000 |publisher=The Pennsylvania State University Press |translator-last=Kaiser |translator-first=Denise A}} *{{Cite book |last=Zey |first=Claudia |title=Die Salier, das Reich und der Niederrhein |date=2008 |publisher=Bohlau Verlag GmbH & Cie. |editor-last=Struve |editor-first=Tilman |language=German |chapter=Frauen und Tochter der salischen Herrsher, Zum Wandel salischer Hieratspolitik in der Krise}} {{refend}} {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[House of Capet]]|4 May|1008|4 August|1060}} {{S-reg}} {{S-break}} {{S-bef|rows=2|before=[[Robert II of France|Robert the Pious]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of French monarchs|King of the Franks]]|regent1=[[Robert II of France|Robert II]] as senior king|regent2=[[Philip I of France|Philip I]] as junior king|years=14 May 1027 – 4 August 1060|years1=14 May 1027 – 20 July 1031|years2=23 May 1059 – 4 August 1060}} {{S-aft|after=[[Philip I of France|Philip I]]}} {{S-break}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Duke of Burgundy]]|years=1016–1032}} {{S-aft|after=[[Robert I, Duke of Burgundy|Robert the Old]]}} {{S-end}} {{Monarchs of France}} {{Authority control}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Henry 01 Of France}} [[Category:1008 births]] [[Category:1060 deaths]] [[Category:11th-century kings of France]] [[Category:People from Reims]] [[Category:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis]] [[Category:Dukes of Burgundy]] [[Category:French Roman Catholics]] [[Category:House of Capet]]'