Examine individual changes

'{{Infobox Military Conflict |conflict=Armeno-Tartar War |partof= |image=[[File:Neft.jpg|290px]] |caption=A [[Cossack]] military patrol near the [[Baku oilfields]], ca. 1905. |date=February 1905–1907 |place={{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Baku]]; [[Nakhichevan]]; [[Shusha]]; [[Tiflis]] |territory= |result=Violence quelled by intervention of [[Cossack]] regiments |combatant1= |combatant2= |combatant3= |commander1= |commander2= |commander3= |strength1= |strength2= |strength3= |casualties1= |casualties2= |casualties3= |notes= }} The '''Armenian&ndash;Tatar massacres''' (also known as the '''Armenian-Tartar war''' and the '''Armeno-Tartar war''' and more recently, the '''Azeri-Armenian war'''<ref>Nicholas W. Miller. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=tjcSb5Yw2_UC&pg=PA46 Nagorno-Karabakh: A War without Peace]. Kristen Eichensehr (ed.), W. Michael Reisman (ed._ ''Stopping Wars and Making Peace: Studies in International Intervention''. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2009</ref>) refers to the bloody inter-ethnic confrontation between Christian [[Armenians]] and Muslim [[Azerbaijani people|Azerbaijanis]] (at the time commonly referred to as "Tatars")<ref>Suha Bolukbasi. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=v2qLIiqoCK8C&pg=PA43 Nation-building in Azerbaijan]. Willem van Schendel (ed.), Erik Jan Zürcher (ed.). ''Identity politics in Central Asia and the Muslim world''. I.B.Tauris, 2001. "Until the 1905—6 Armeno-Tatar (the Azeris were called Tatars by Russia) war, localism was the main tenet of cultural identity among Azeri intellectuals."</ref><ref>Joseph Russell Rudolph. [http://books.google.ca/books?id=OYjnwO_hQh8C&pg=PA187 Hot spot: North America and Europe]. ABC-CLIO, 2008. "To these larger moments can be added dozens of lesser ones, such as the 1905-06 Armenian-Tartar wars that gave Azeris and Armenians an opportunity to kill one another in the areas of Armenia and Azerbaijan that were then controlled by Russia..."</ref> throughout the [[Caucasus]] in 1905&ndash;1907.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46781/Azerbaijan/129462/History#ref=ref481438 Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Azerbaijan. History.]</ref><ref>[[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]]. [http://www.vehi.net/brokgauz/all/103/103729.shtml Turks]</ref><ref>Willem van Schendel, Erik Jan Zürcher. Identity Politics in Central Asia and the Muslim World: Nationalism, Ethnicity and Labour in the Twentieth Century. I.B.Tauris, 2001. ISBN 1860642616, 9781860642616, p. 43</ref> The massacres started during the [[Russian Revolution of 1905]], and claimed hundreds of lives. The most violent clashes occurred in 1905 in February in [[Baku]], in May in [[Nakhichevan]], in August in [[Shusha]] and in November in [[Ganja (city)|Elizavetopol]], heavily damaging the cities and the [[Baku oilfields]]. Some violence, although of lesser scale, broke out also in [[Tbilisi]]. According to professor [[Firuz Kazemzadeh]], "it is impossible to pin the blame for the massacres on either side. It seems that in some cases (Baku, Elizavetpol) the Azerbaijanis fired the first shots, in other cases ([[Shusha]], [[Tiflis]]) the Armenians".<ref name="Kazemzadeh">Firuz Kazemzadeh. Struggle For Transcaucasia (1917—1921), New York Philosophical Library, 1951</ref> The clashes were not confined to the towns, and, according to an Armenian estimate, 128 Armenian and 158 Muslim villages were destroyed or pillaged, while the overall estimates of lives lost vary widely, ranging from 3,000 to 10,000, with Muslims suffering higher losses.<ref>Tadeusz Swietochowski. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press, 1995. ISBN 0231070683, 9780231070683</ref> == In Nakhichevan == After the Baku clashes, the Moslem communities in the Nakhichevan district began smuggling in consignments of weapons from Persia. By April the murder of Armenians there began to assume alarming proportions and they applied to the Russian authorities for protection. However, Villari describes the district's governor as "bitterly anti-Armenian", and the vice-governor in Yerevan as an "Armenophobe".<ref>Villari, Luigi. Fire and Sword in the Caucasus. London: T. F. Unwin, 1906 ISBN 0-7007-1624-6 p. 270.</ref> On the 25th May, acting on a prearranged plan, bands of armed Tartars attacked the market area in the district capital, the town of [[Nakhchivan City|Nakhichevan]], looting and burning Armenian businesses and killing any Armenians they could find. About 50 Armenians were murdered and some of the shopkeepers were burnt alive in their shops. On the same day, Tartar villagers from the countryside began attacking their Armenian neighbours. Villari cites official reports mentioning that out of a total of 52 villages with Armenian or mixed Armenian-Tartar populations, 47 were attacked, and of that 47, 19 were completely destroyed and abandoned by their inhabitants. The total number of dead, including those in Nachichevan town, was 239. Later, in a revenge attack, Armenians attacked a Tartar village, killing 36 people. == In Baku == Clashes started in early February 1905 over the killing of a Tatar schoolboy and shopkeeper by Armenians.500 Tatars and 40 Armenians died.<ref>Svante E. Cornell. Small nations and great powers. page 69</ref> <gallery> File:Azeri (tatar) victim in Baku.jpg|A Tatar victim of the massacres in Baku File:Tatarmas.jpg|The village of Djagry in Nakhichevan district: "the house of a rich Armenian burnt by Tartars".<ref>[http://armenianhouse.org/villari/caucasus/fire-and-sword.html Villari, Luigi. ''Fire and Sword in the Caucasus''.] London: T. F. Unwin, 1906 ISBN 0-7007-1624-6 p. 285</ref> File:Churchplunderda.jpg|An Armenian church in Gyaz village in Nakhichevan district "plundered and desecrated by Tartars".<ref>[http://armenianhouse.org/villari/caucasus/fire-and-sword.html Villari. ''Fire and Sword''], p. 290</ref> File:Berdadzor.jpg|A monument in [[Berdadzor]], [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]], to Armenian victims of the 1905–1906 Armenian-Tatar Massacres.</gallery> ==References== ===Notes=== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Bibliography== *Luigi Villari (1906), ''Fire and Sword in the Caucasus'' [http://armenianhouse.org/villari/caucasus/fire-and-sword.html], London, T. F. Unwin, ISBN 0-7007-1624-6 *[[Thomas De Waal]] (2004), ''Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War'', NYU Press, ISBN 978-0-8147-1945-9 {{Azerbaijan topics}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Armenian–Tatar Massacres Of 1905–1907}} [[Category:History of Azerbaijan]] [[Category:History of Georgia (country)]] [[Category:Russian Empire]] [[Category:1905 in Armenia]] [[Category:1905 in Georgia (country)]] [[Category:20th century in Armenia]] [[Category:Massacres in Azerbaijan]] [[es:Masacres Armenio-Tártaras 1905—1906]] [[fr:Massacres arméno-tatars (1905-1907)]] [[ru:Армяно-татарская резня 1905—1906]] [[simple:Armenian-Tatar massacres 1905-1907]]'