Examine individual changes
This page allows you to examine the variables generated by the Edit Filter for an individual change.
Variables generated for this change
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
Edit count of the user (user_editcount) | 4882 |
Name of the user account (user_name) | 'HaniwaEnthusiast' |
Age of the user account (user_age) | 96008950 |
Groups (including implicit) the user is in (user_groups) | [
0 => 'autoreviewer',
1 => 'extendedconfirmed',
2 => '*',
3 => 'user',
4 => 'autoconfirmed'
] |
Rights that the user has (user_rights) | [
0 => 'autopatrol',
1 => 'extendedconfirmed',
2 => 'createaccount',
3 => 'read',
4 => 'edit',
5 => 'createtalk',
6 => 'writeapi',
7 => 'viewmywatchlist',
8 => 'editmywatchlist',
9 => 'viewmyprivateinfo',
10 => 'editmyprivateinfo',
11 => 'editmyoptions',
12 => 'abusefilter-log-detail',
13 => 'urlshortener-create-url',
14 => 'centralauth-merge',
15 => 'abusefilter-view',
16 => 'abusefilter-log',
17 => 'vipsscaler-test',
18 => 'collectionsaveasuserpage',
19 => 'reupload-own',
20 => 'move-rootuserpages',
21 => 'createpage',
22 => 'minoredit',
23 => 'editmyusercss',
24 => 'editmyuserjson',
25 => 'editmyuserjs',
26 => 'purge',
27 => 'sendemail',
28 => 'applychangetags',
29 => 'spamblacklistlog',
30 => 'mwoauthmanagemygrants',
31 => 'reupload',
32 => 'upload',
33 => 'move',
34 => 'autoconfirmed',
35 => 'editsemiprotected',
36 => 'skipcaptcha',
37 => 'ipinfo',
38 => 'ipinfo-view-basic',
39 => 'transcode-reset',
40 => 'transcode-status',
41 => 'createpagemainns',
42 => 'movestable',
43 => 'autoreview',
44 => 'enrollasmentor'
] |
Whether the user is editing from mobile app (user_app) | false |
Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile) | false |
Page ID (page_id) | 36992842 |
Page namespace (page_namespace) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title) | 'Ḫapantali' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle) | 'Ḫapantali' |
Edit protection level of the page (page_restrictions_edit) | [] |
Page age in seconds (page_age) | 340983594 |
Action (action) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary) | 'Expansion of the article. Inline citations and a bibliography provided, template from 2012 accordingly removed.' |
Old content model (old_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
New content model (new_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|Pastoral goddess}}
{{unreferenced|date=October 2012}}
'''Hapantali''', also known as Hapantaliya, is an [[Anatolia|Anatolian]] and [[Luwian mythology|Luwian]] [[Pastoralism|pastoral]] goddess.
Hapantali cares for the sheep of [[Istanu]]. She also helps [[moon god]] [[Arma (god)|Arma]]/[[Kaskuh]], when he falls down from sky, and takes part in the conference of gods when [[Telipinu (god)|Telipinu]] is back.
==Literature==
Volkert Haas: ''Die hethitische Literatur'', Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin 2006, pages 110 f., 120 f., {{ISBN|978-3-11-018877-6}}
[[Category:Hittite deities]]
[[Category:Luwian goddesses]]
[[Category:Pastoral goddesses]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Pastoral goddess}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hittite
| name = Ḫapantali
| deity_of = Shepherd goddess
}}
'''Ḫapantali''', also known as '''Ḫapantaliya''',{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=379}} was a [[Luwians|Luwian]] goddess who functioned as a divine [[shepherd]]. She was also incorporated into [[Hattians|Hattian]] and [[Hittite mythology and religion|Hittite]] beliefs. She is first attested in the [[Old Assyrian period]], and later continued to be worshiped until the fall of the [[Hittite Empire]]. She appears in a variety of texts, including descriptions of festivals, treaties, and myths. While in ritual texts she was often linked with [[Inar]], in mythological context she instead could be designated as a helper of [[Kamrušepa]] or her husband [[Tiwaz (Luwian deity)|Tiwad]].
==Name and character==
Ḫapantali is considered a deity of [[Luwians|Luwian]] origin by researchers.{{sfn|Hutter|2003|pp=219-220}} [[Volkert Haas]] initially suggested that her name was related to the [[Hittite language|Hittite]] words ''ḫap(a)-'', "river", and ''ḫapati-'', "river land".{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=441}} However, later he concluded that it was instead derived from [[Luwian language|Luwian]] ''ḫawa'', "sheep".{{sfn|Haas|2002|pp=145-146}} The latter proposal is also supported by [[Manfred Hutter]].{{sfn|Hutter|2003|p=225}} If this assumption is correct, it is possible the name can be translated as "shepherd".{{sfn|Haas|2002|p=146}} In an earlier publication John G. McMahon attributes [[Hattic language|Hattic]] origin to her instead,{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=14}} but according to Haas this is implausible.{{sfn|Haas|2002|p=145}} He argues that cases where Ḫapantali appears in Hattian texts reflect early contact between the two groups, similarly to references to Hattian [[Šulinkatte]] in Luwian texts.{{sfn|Haas|2002|p=146}}
McMahon refers to Ḫapantali as a male deity.{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=14}} However, Haas pointed out that her gender is confirmed by a ritual text from [[Maşat Höyük]], HKM 116, which refers to her as with the feminine title "queen of remedies", ''waššiyaš'' MUNUS.LUGAL-''aš''.{{sfn|Haas|2002|p=143}} The view that she was a goddess is also supported by Hutter{{sfn|Hutter|2003|p=225}} and {{ill|Piotr Taracha|de}}.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=43}}
Ḫapantali has been described as a "shepherd goddess",{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=43}} a characterization supported by her portrayal in myths, where she is responsible for a herd of sheep belonging to the Luwian sun god [[Tiwaz (Luwian deity)|Tiwaz]].{{sfn|Hutter|2003|p=225}} She also appears in two rituals meant to pacify angry deities through the burning of wood, one focused on [[Telipinu (mythology)|Telipinu]] and the other on [[Ḫannaḫanna]].{{sfn|Haas|2002|pp=143-144}} In the latter, documented in the text KUB 33.45+, she is responsible for providing a type of wood, ''karšani'', and for burning it in a hearth, which is meant to result in the rage of the other goddess involved similarly burning up.{{sfn|Barsacchi|2016|p=11}}
==Worship==
Oldest attestations of Ḫapantali come from the [[Old Assyrian period]].{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=14}} In the texts from [[Kanesh]], she is attested in a number of [[theophoric name]]s.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=27}} In later periods she is particularly well attested in texts dealing with festivals and in treaties.{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=14}} In the list of deities worshiped during the KI.LAM festival, Ḫapantali appears alongside [[Inar]].{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=39}} She is one of the only deities mentioned in it whose origin was not Hattian.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=40}} Vessels in the shape of boars and leopards were used in the cult of Ḫapantali and Inar.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=61}} These two goddesses were closely associated with each other,{{sfn|Taracha|2009|pp=42-43}} and appear together in various ritual texts.{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=441}} Due to their frequent association, it has been argued that presence of Ḫapantali next to a deity designated by the [[sumerogram]] <sup>d</sup>[[Lamassu|LAMMA]] makes it possible to presume Inar was meant instead of any other Hittite or Luwian deities who could also be designated by it, such as {{ill|Kammamma|de}}.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=84}} However, Ḫapantali could be perceived as a deity belonging to the category of <sup>d</sup>LAMMA (so-called "tutelary deities"{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=57}}) herself too.{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=450}} She appears in a number of Hittite treaties as one of the members of this group.{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=451}} She commonly occurs next to {{ill|Karzi|de}} in this context.{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=18}} Examples where she appears as one of the divine witnesses include the treaties between [[Šuppiluliuma I]] and rulers such as Huqqana of [[Hayasa-Azzi|Hayasa]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=25}} [[Shattiwaza]] of [[Mitanni|Mittanni]]{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=43}} and Tette of [[Nuhašše]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=53}} between [[Muršili II]] and {{ill|Tuppi-Teshub|de|Duppi-Teššup}} of [[Amurru kingdom|Amurru]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=58}} [[Niqmepa]] of [[Ugarit]]{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=63}} and [[Manapa-Tarhunta]] of the [[Seha River Land|Seha River]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=81}} between [[Ḫattušili III]] and Ulmi-Teshub of [[Tarḫuntašša]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=106}} and between [[Tudḫaliya IV]] and [[Kurunta]], another ruler of the same polity.{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=116}} Based on these texts it is presumed she continued to be worshiped until the end of the Hittite Empire.{{sfn|sfn|McMahon|1991|p=16}}
==Mythology==
In myths, Ḫapantali typically acts as an assistant of [[Kamrušepa]], in contrast with her connection with [[Inar]] documented in other sources.{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=441}} She could also be associated with Kamrušepa's husband, the Luwian sun god [[Tiwaz (Luwian deity)|Tiwaz]], and she takes care of his sheep in the myth of [[Telipinu (mythology)|Telipinu]]'s disappearance.{{sfn|Hutter|2003|p=225}} In the same composition, she is also among the deities who gather under a tree while Kamrušepa purifies Telipinu.{{sfn|Hoffner|1998|p=17}}
In the myth ''The Moon that Fell from Heaven'', also known as ''When the Storm God thunders Frightfully'',{{sfn|Hoffner|1998|p=34}} Ḫapantali appears to recite a spell after the events described in the title.{{sfn|Hoffner|1998|p=35}} The original version of the myth was written in [[Hattic language|Hattic]], though a [[Hittite language|Hittite]] translation is also known; the eponymous deities are accordingly the moon good [[Kašku]] and the weather god [[Taru (god)|Taru]] in Hattic and their counterparts [[Arma (deity)|Arma]] and [[Tarḫunna]] in Hittite.{{sfn|Haas|2006|p=120}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
===Bibliography===
*{{cite journal|last=Barsacchi|first=Francesco G.|title=KBo 20.64: A Hittite Invocation Ritual Mentioning the Thunder|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/aofo-2016-0002/html|journal=Altorientalische Forschungen|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH|volume=43|issue=1-2|date=2016|issn=2196-6761|doi=10.1515/aofo-2016-0002|pages=1–16}}
*{{cite book|last=Beckman|first=Gary|title=Hittite Diplomatic Texts|publisher=Scholars Press|series=Writings from the ancient world|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7885-0551-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Haas|first=Volkert|title=Geschichte der hethitischen Religion|publisher=Brill|series=Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1: The Near and Middle East|year=1994|isbn=978-90-04-29394-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EOh5DwAAQBAJ|language=de|access-date=2023-07-03}}
*{{cite book|last=Haas|first=Volkert|title=Silva Anatolica: Anatolian studies presented to Maciej Popko on the occasion of his 65th birthday|chapter=Die Göttin Ḫapantali(ja) und die Schafe|publisher=Agade|publication-place=Warsaw|year=2002|isbn=83-87111-12-0|oclc=51004996}}
*{{cite book|last=Haas|first=Volkert|author-link=Volkert Haas|title=Die hethitische Literatur|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|date=2006|isbn=978-3-11-018877-6|doi=10.1515/9783110193794}}
*{{cite book|last=Hoffner|first=Harry|title=Hittite myths|publisher=Scholars Press|publication-place=Atlanta, GA|year=1998|isbn=0-7885-0488-6|oclc=39455874}}
*{{cite book|last=Hutter|first=Manfred|editor-last=Melchert|editor-first=Craig|title=The Luwians|chapter=Aspects of Luwian Religion|series=Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East|volume=68|publisher=Brill|publication-place=Leiden|date=2003|isbn=90-474-0214-6|oclc=995012566}}
*{{cite book|last=McMahon|first=John Gregory|title=The Hittite State Cult of the Tutelary Deities|url=https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/as/25-hittite-state-cult-tutelary-deities|publisher=Oriental Institute Press|publication-place=Chicago|series=Assyriological Studies|volume=25|date=1991|isbn=0-918986-69-9}}
*{{cite book|last=Taracha|first=Piotr|title=Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia|series=Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie|volume=27|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|publication-place=Wiesbaden|year=2009|isbn=978-3447058858}}
[[Category:Hittite deities]]
[[Category:Luwian goddesses]]
[[Category:Pastoral goddesses]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,13 +1,39 @@
{{short description|Pastoral goddess}}
-{{unreferenced|date=October 2012}}
+{{Infobox deity
+| type = Hittite
+| name = Ḫapantali
+| deity_of = Shepherd goddess
+}}
+'''Ḫapantali''', also known as '''Ḫapantaliya''',{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=379}} was a [[Luwians|Luwian]] goddess who functioned as a divine [[shepherd]]. She was also incorporated into [[Hattians|Hattian]] and [[Hittite mythology and religion|Hittite]] beliefs. She is first attested in the [[Old Assyrian period]], and later continued to be worshiped until the fall of the [[Hittite Empire]]. She appears in a variety of texts, including descriptions of festivals, treaties, and myths. While in ritual texts she was often linked with [[Inar]], in mythological context she instead could be designated as a helper of [[Kamrušepa]] or her husband [[Tiwaz (Luwian deity)|Tiwad]].
-'''Hapantali''', also known as Hapantaliya, is an [[Anatolia|Anatolian]] and [[Luwian mythology|Luwian]] [[Pastoralism|pastoral]] goddess.
+==Name and character==
+Ḫapantali is considered a deity of [[Luwians|Luwian]] origin by researchers.{{sfn|Hutter|2003|pp=219-220}} [[Volkert Haas]] initially suggested that her name was related to the [[Hittite language|Hittite]] words ''ḫap(a)-'', "river", and ''ḫapati-'', "river land".{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=441}} However, later he concluded that it was instead derived from [[Luwian language|Luwian]] ''ḫawa'', "sheep".{{sfn|Haas|2002|pp=145-146}} The latter proposal is also supported by [[Manfred Hutter]].{{sfn|Hutter|2003|p=225}} If this assumption is correct, it is possible the name can be translated as "shepherd".{{sfn|Haas|2002|p=146}} In an earlier publication John G. McMahon attributes [[Hattic language|Hattic]] origin to her instead,{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=14}} but according to Haas this is implausible.{{sfn|Haas|2002|p=145}} He argues that cases where Ḫapantali appears in Hattian texts reflect early contact between the two groups, similarly to references to Hattian [[Šulinkatte]] in Luwian texts.{{sfn|Haas|2002|p=146}}
-Hapantali cares for the sheep of [[Istanu]]. She also helps [[moon god]] [[Arma (god)|Arma]]/[[Kaskuh]], when he falls down from sky, and takes part in the conference of gods when [[Telipinu (god)|Telipinu]] is back.
+McMahon refers to Ḫapantali as a male deity.{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=14}} However, Haas pointed out that her gender is confirmed by a ritual text from [[Maşat Höyük]], HKM 116, which refers to her as with the feminine title "queen of remedies", ''waššiyaš'' MUNUS.LUGAL-''aš''.{{sfn|Haas|2002|p=143}} The view that she was a goddess is also supported by Hutter{{sfn|Hutter|2003|p=225}} and {{ill|Piotr Taracha|de}}.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=43}}
-==Literature==
-Volkert Haas: ''Die hethitische Literatur'', Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin 2006, pages 110 f., 120 f., {{ISBN|978-3-11-018877-6}}
+Ḫapantali has been described as a "shepherd goddess",{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=43}} a characterization supported by her portrayal in myths, where she is responsible for a herd of sheep belonging to the Luwian sun god [[Tiwaz (Luwian deity)|Tiwaz]].{{sfn|Hutter|2003|p=225}} She also appears in two rituals meant to pacify angry deities through the burning of wood, one focused on [[Telipinu (mythology)|Telipinu]] and the other on [[Ḫannaḫanna]].{{sfn|Haas|2002|pp=143-144}} In the latter, documented in the text KUB 33.45+, she is responsible for providing a type of wood, ''karšani'', and for burning it in a hearth, which is meant to result in the rage of the other goddess involved similarly burning up.{{sfn|Barsacchi|2016|p=11}}
+
+==Worship==
+Oldest attestations of Ḫapantali come from the [[Old Assyrian period]].{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=14}} In the texts from [[Kanesh]], she is attested in a number of [[theophoric name]]s.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=27}} In later periods she is particularly well attested in texts dealing with festivals and in treaties.{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=14}} In the list of deities worshiped during the KI.LAM festival, Ḫapantali appears alongside [[Inar]].{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=39}} She is one of the only deities mentioned in it whose origin was not Hattian.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=40}} Vessels in the shape of boars and leopards were used in the cult of Ḫapantali and Inar.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=61}} These two goddesses were closely associated with each other,{{sfn|Taracha|2009|pp=42-43}} and appear together in various ritual texts.{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=441}} Due to their frequent association, it has been argued that presence of Ḫapantali next to a deity designated by the [[sumerogram]] <sup>d</sup>[[Lamassu|LAMMA]] makes it possible to presume Inar was meant instead of any other Hittite or Luwian deities who could also be designated by it, such as {{ill|Kammamma|de}}.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=84}} However, Ḫapantali could be perceived as a deity belonging to the category of <sup>d</sup>LAMMA (so-called "tutelary deities"{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=57}}) herself too.{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=450}} She appears in a number of Hittite treaties as one of the members of this group.{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=451}} She commonly occurs next to {{ill|Karzi|de}} in this context.{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=18}} Examples where she appears as one of the divine witnesses include the treaties between [[Šuppiluliuma I]] and rulers such as Huqqana of [[Hayasa-Azzi|Hayasa]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=25}} [[Shattiwaza]] of [[Mitanni|Mittanni]]{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=43}} and Tette of [[Nuhašše]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=53}} between [[Muršili II]] and {{ill|Tuppi-Teshub|de|Duppi-Teššup}} of [[Amurru kingdom|Amurru]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=58}} [[Niqmepa]] of [[Ugarit]]{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=63}} and [[Manapa-Tarhunta]] of the [[Seha River Land|Seha River]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=81}} between [[Ḫattušili III]] and Ulmi-Teshub of [[Tarḫuntašša]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=106}} and between [[Tudḫaliya IV]] and [[Kurunta]], another ruler of the same polity.{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=116}} Based on these texts it is presumed she continued to be worshiped until the end of the Hittite Empire.{{sfn|sfn|McMahon|1991|p=16}}
+
+==Mythology==
+In myths, Ḫapantali typically acts as an assistant of [[Kamrušepa]], in contrast with her connection with [[Inar]] documented in other sources.{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=441}} She could also be associated with Kamrušepa's husband, the Luwian sun god [[Tiwaz (Luwian deity)|Tiwaz]], and she takes care of his sheep in the myth of [[Telipinu (mythology)|Telipinu]]'s disappearance.{{sfn|Hutter|2003|p=225}} In the same composition, she is also among the deities who gather under a tree while Kamrušepa purifies Telipinu.{{sfn|Hoffner|1998|p=17}}
+
+In the myth ''The Moon that Fell from Heaven'', also known as ''When the Storm God thunders Frightfully'',{{sfn|Hoffner|1998|p=34}} Ḫapantali appears to recite a spell after the events described in the title.{{sfn|Hoffner|1998|p=35}} The original version of the myth was written in [[Hattic language|Hattic]], though a [[Hittite language|Hittite]] translation is also known; the eponymous deities are accordingly the moon good [[Kašku]] and the weather god [[Taru (god)|Taru]] in Hattic and their counterparts [[Arma (deity)|Arma]] and [[Tarḫunna]] in Hittite.{{sfn|Haas|2006|p=120}}
+
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
+===Bibliography===
+*{{cite journal|last=Barsacchi|first=Francesco G.|title=KBo 20.64: A Hittite Invocation Ritual Mentioning the Thunder|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/aofo-2016-0002/html|journal=Altorientalische Forschungen|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH|volume=43|issue=1-2|date=2016|issn=2196-6761|doi=10.1515/aofo-2016-0002|pages=1–16}}
+*{{cite book|last=Beckman|first=Gary|title=Hittite Diplomatic Texts|publisher=Scholars Press|series=Writings from the ancient world|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7885-0551-5}}
+*{{cite book|last=Haas|first=Volkert|title=Geschichte der hethitischen Religion|publisher=Brill|series=Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1: The Near and Middle East|year=1994|isbn=978-90-04-29394-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EOh5DwAAQBAJ|language=de|access-date=2023-07-03}}
+*{{cite book|last=Haas|first=Volkert|title=Silva Anatolica: Anatolian studies presented to Maciej Popko on the occasion of his 65th birthday|chapter=Die Göttin Ḫapantali(ja) und die Schafe|publisher=Agade|publication-place=Warsaw|year=2002|isbn=83-87111-12-0|oclc=51004996}}
+*{{cite book|last=Haas|first=Volkert|author-link=Volkert Haas|title=Die hethitische Literatur|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|date=2006|isbn=978-3-11-018877-6|doi=10.1515/9783110193794}}
+*{{cite book|last=Hoffner|first=Harry|title=Hittite myths|publisher=Scholars Press|publication-place=Atlanta, GA|year=1998|isbn=0-7885-0488-6|oclc=39455874}}
+*{{cite book|last=Hutter|first=Manfred|editor-last=Melchert|editor-first=Craig|title=The Luwians|chapter=Aspects of Luwian Religion|series=Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East|volume=68|publisher=Brill|publication-place=Leiden|date=2003|isbn=90-474-0214-6|oclc=995012566}}
+*{{cite book|last=McMahon|first=John Gregory|title=The Hittite State Cult of the Tutelary Deities|url=https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/as/25-hittite-state-cult-tutelary-deities|publisher=Oriental Institute Press|publication-place=Chicago|series=Assyriological Studies|volume=25|date=1991|isbn=0-918986-69-9}}
+*{{cite book|last=Taracha|first=Piotr|title=Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia|series=Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie|volume=27|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|publication-place=Wiesbaden|year=2009|isbn=978-3447058858}}
[[Category:Hittite deities]]
[[Category:Luwian goddesses]]
[[Category:Pastoral goddesses]]
' |
New page size (new_size) | 9059 |
Old page size (old_size) | 679 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | 8380 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '{{Infobox deity',
1 => '| type = Hittite',
2 => '| name = Ḫapantali',
3 => '| deity_of = Shepherd goddess',
4 => '}}',
5 => ''''Ḫapantali''', also known as '''Ḫapantaliya''',{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=379}} was a [[Luwians|Luwian]] goddess who functioned as a divine [[shepherd]]. She was also incorporated into [[Hattians|Hattian]] and [[Hittite mythology and religion|Hittite]] beliefs. She is first attested in the [[Old Assyrian period]], and later continued to be worshiped until the fall of the [[Hittite Empire]]. She appears in a variety of texts, including descriptions of festivals, treaties, and myths. While in ritual texts she was often linked with [[Inar]], in mythological context she instead could be designated as a helper of [[Kamrušepa]] or her husband [[Tiwaz (Luwian deity)|Tiwad]].',
6 => '==Name and character==',
7 => 'Ḫapantali is considered a deity of [[Luwians|Luwian]] origin by researchers.{{sfn|Hutter|2003|pp=219-220}} [[Volkert Haas]] initially suggested that her name was related to the [[Hittite language|Hittite]] words ''ḫap(a)-'', "river", and ''ḫapati-'', "river land".{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=441}} However, later he concluded that it was instead derived from [[Luwian language|Luwian]] ''ḫawa'', "sheep".{{sfn|Haas|2002|pp=145-146}} The latter proposal is also supported by [[Manfred Hutter]].{{sfn|Hutter|2003|p=225}} If this assumption is correct, it is possible the name can be translated as "shepherd".{{sfn|Haas|2002|p=146}} In an earlier publication John G. McMahon attributes [[Hattic language|Hattic]] origin to her instead,{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=14}} but according to Haas this is implausible.{{sfn|Haas|2002|p=145}} He argues that cases where Ḫapantali appears in Hattian texts reflect early contact between the two groups, similarly to references to Hattian [[Šulinkatte]] in Luwian texts.{{sfn|Haas|2002|p=146}}',
8 => 'McMahon refers to Ḫapantali as a male deity.{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=14}} However, Haas pointed out that her gender is confirmed by a ritual text from [[Maşat Höyük]], HKM 116, which refers to her as with the feminine title "queen of remedies", ''waššiyaš'' MUNUS.LUGAL-''aš''.{{sfn|Haas|2002|p=143}} The view that she was a goddess is also supported by Hutter{{sfn|Hutter|2003|p=225}} and {{ill|Piotr Taracha|de}}.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=43}}',
9 => 'Ḫapantali has been described as a "shepherd goddess",{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=43}} a characterization supported by her portrayal in myths, where she is responsible for a herd of sheep belonging to the Luwian sun god [[Tiwaz (Luwian deity)|Tiwaz]].{{sfn|Hutter|2003|p=225}} She also appears in two rituals meant to pacify angry deities through the burning of wood, one focused on [[Telipinu (mythology)|Telipinu]] and the other on [[Ḫannaḫanna]].{{sfn|Haas|2002|pp=143-144}} In the latter, documented in the text KUB 33.45+, she is responsible for providing a type of wood, ''karšani'', and for burning it in a hearth, which is meant to result in the rage of the other goddess involved similarly burning up.{{sfn|Barsacchi|2016|p=11}}',
10 => '',
11 => '==Worship==',
12 => 'Oldest attestations of Ḫapantali come from the [[Old Assyrian period]].{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=14}} In the texts from [[Kanesh]], she is attested in a number of [[theophoric name]]s.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=27}} In later periods she is particularly well attested in texts dealing with festivals and in treaties.{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=14}} In the list of deities worshiped during the KI.LAM festival, Ḫapantali appears alongside [[Inar]].{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=39}} She is one of the only deities mentioned in it whose origin was not Hattian.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=40}} Vessels in the shape of boars and leopards were used in the cult of Ḫapantali and Inar.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=61}} These two goddesses were closely associated with each other,{{sfn|Taracha|2009|pp=42-43}} and appear together in various ritual texts.{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=441}} Due to their frequent association, it has been argued that presence of Ḫapantali next to a deity designated by the [[sumerogram]] <sup>d</sup>[[Lamassu|LAMMA]] makes it possible to presume Inar was meant instead of any other Hittite or Luwian deities who could also be designated by it, such as {{ill|Kammamma|de}}.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=84}} However, Ḫapantali could be perceived as a deity belonging to the category of <sup>d</sup>LAMMA (so-called "tutelary deities"{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=57}}) herself too.{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=450}} She appears in a number of Hittite treaties as one of the members of this group.{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=451}} She commonly occurs next to {{ill|Karzi|de}} in this context.{{sfn|McMahon|1991|p=18}} Examples where she appears as one of the divine witnesses include the treaties between [[Šuppiluliuma I]] and rulers such as Huqqana of [[Hayasa-Azzi|Hayasa]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=25}} [[Shattiwaza]] of [[Mitanni|Mittanni]]{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=43}} and Tette of [[Nuhašše]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=53}} between [[Muršili II]] and {{ill|Tuppi-Teshub|de|Duppi-Teššup}} of [[Amurru kingdom|Amurru]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=58}} [[Niqmepa]] of [[Ugarit]]{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=63}} and [[Manapa-Tarhunta]] of the [[Seha River Land|Seha River]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=81}} between [[Ḫattušili III]] and Ulmi-Teshub of [[Tarḫuntašša]],{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=106}} and between [[Tudḫaliya IV]] and [[Kurunta]], another ruler of the same polity.{{sfn|Beckman|1999|p=116}} Based on these texts it is presumed she continued to be worshiped until the end of the Hittite Empire.{{sfn|sfn|McMahon|1991|p=16}}',
13 => '',
14 => '==Mythology==',
15 => 'In myths, Ḫapantali typically acts as an assistant of [[Kamrušepa]], in contrast with her connection with [[Inar]] documented in other sources.{{sfn|Haas|1994|p=441}} She could also be associated with Kamrušepa's husband, the Luwian sun god [[Tiwaz (Luwian deity)|Tiwaz]], and she takes care of his sheep in the myth of [[Telipinu (mythology)|Telipinu]]'s disappearance.{{sfn|Hutter|2003|p=225}} In the same composition, she is also among the deities who gather under a tree while Kamrušepa purifies Telipinu.{{sfn|Hoffner|1998|p=17}}',
16 => '',
17 => 'In the myth ''The Moon that Fell from Heaven'', also known as ''When the Storm God thunders Frightfully'',{{sfn|Hoffner|1998|p=34}} Ḫapantali appears to recite a spell after the events described in the title.{{sfn|Hoffner|1998|p=35}} The original version of the myth was written in [[Hattic language|Hattic]], though a [[Hittite language|Hittite]] translation is also known; the eponymous deities are accordingly the moon good [[Kašku]] and the weather god [[Taru (god)|Taru]] in Hattic and their counterparts [[Arma (deity)|Arma]] and [[Tarḫunna]] in Hittite.{{sfn|Haas|2006|p=120}}',
18 => '',
19 => '==References==',
20 => '{{reflist}}',
21 => '===Bibliography===',
22 => '*{{cite journal|last=Barsacchi|first=Francesco G.|title=KBo 20.64: A Hittite Invocation Ritual Mentioning the Thunder|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/aofo-2016-0002/html|journal=Altorientalische Forschungen|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH|volume=43|issue=1-2|date=2016|issn=2196-6761|doi=10.1515/aofo-2016-0002|pages=1–16}}',
23 => '*{{cite book|last=Beckman|first=Gary|title=Hittite Diplomatic Texts|publisher=Scholars Press|series=Writings from the ancient world|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7885-0551-5}}',
24 => '*{{cite book|last=Haas|first=Volkert|title=Geschichte der hethitischen Religion|publisher=Brill|series=Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1: The Near and Middle East|year=1994|isbn=978-90-04-29394-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EOh5DwAAQBAJ|language=de|access-date=2023-07-03}}',
25 => '*{{cite book|last=Haas|first=Volkert|title=Silva Anatolica: Anatolian studies presented to Maciej Popko on the occasion of his 65th birthday|chapter=Die Göttin Ḫapantali(ja) und die Schafe|publisher=Agade|publication-place=Warsaw|year=2002|isbn=83-87111-12-0|oclc=51004996}}',
26 => '*{{cite book|last=Haas|first=Volkert|author-link=Volkert Haas|title=Die hethitische Literatur|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|date=2006|isbn=978-3-11-018877-6|doi=10.1515/9783110193794}}',
27 => '*{{cite book|last=Hoffner|first=Harry|title=Hittite myths|publisher=Scholars Press|publication-place=Atlanta, GA|year=1998|isbn=0-7885-0488-6|oclc=39455874}}',
28 => '*{{cite book|last=Hutter|first=Manfred|editor-last=Melchert|editor-first=Craig|title=The Luwians|chapter=Aspects of Luwian Religion|series=Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East|volume=68|publisher=Brill|publication-place=Leiden|date=2003|isbn=90-474-0214-6|oclc=995012566}}',
29 => '*{{cite book|last=McMahon|first=John Gregory|title=The Hittite State Cult of the Tutelary Deities|url=https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/as/25-hittite-state-cult-tutelary-deities|publisher=Oriental Institute Press|publication-place=Chicago|series=Assyriological Studies|volume=25|date=1991|isbn=0-918986-69-9}}',
30 => '*{{cite book|last=Taracha|first=Piotr|title=Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia|series=Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie|volume=27|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|publication-place=Wiesbaden|year=2009|isbn=978-3447058858}}'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{unreferenced|date=October 2012}}',
1 => ''''Hapantali''', also known as Hapantaliya, is an [[Anatolia|Anatolian]] and [[Luwian mythology|Luwian]] [[Pastoralism|pastoral]] goddess.',
2 => 'Hapantali cares for the sheep of [[Istanu]]. She also helps [[moon god]] [[Arma (god)|Arma]]/[[Kaskuh]], when he falls down from sky, and takes part in the conference of gods when [[Telipinu (god)|Telipinu]] is back.',
3 => '==Literature==',
4 => 'Volkert Haas: ''Die hethitische Literatur'', Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin 2006, pages 110 f., 120 f., {{ISBN|978-3-11-018877-6}}'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pastoral goddess</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #021af2">Ḫapantali</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="font-size: 110%;">Shepherd goddess</div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Ḫapantali</b>, also known as <b>Ḫapantaliya</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas1994379_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas1994379-1">[1]</a></sup> was a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luwians" title="Luwians">Luwian</a> goddess who functioned as a divine <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shepherd" title="Shepherd">shepherd</a>. She was also incorporated into <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hattians" title="Hattians">Hattian</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a> beliefs. She is first attested in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Assyrian_period" title="Old Assyrian period">Old Assyrian period</a>, and later continued to be worshiped until the fall of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hittite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hittite Empire">Hittite Empire</a>. She appears in a variety of texts, including descriptions of festivals, treaties, and myths. While in ritual texts she was often linked with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inar" class="mw-redirect" title="Inar">Inar</a>, in mythological context she instead could be designated as a helper of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kamru%C5%A1epa" title="Kamrušepa">Kamrušepa</a> or her husband <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiwaz_(Luwian_deity)" title="Tiwaz (Luwian deity)">Tiwad</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Name_and_character"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Name and character</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Worship"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Worship</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Mythology"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Mythology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Name_and_character">Name and character</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%AAapantali&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and character">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Ḫapantali is considered a deity of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luwians" title="Luwians">Luwian</a> origin by researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutter2003219–220_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2003219–220-2">[2]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Volkert_Haas" title="Volkert Haas">Volkert Haas</a> initially suggested that her name was related to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hittite_language" title="Hittite language">Hittite</a> words <i>ḫap(a)-</i>, "river", and <i>ḫapati-</i>, "river land".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas1994441_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas1994441-3">[3]</a></sup> However, later he concluded that it was instead derived from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luwian_language" title="Luwian language">Luwian</a> <i>ḫawa</i>, "sheep".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2002145–146_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2002145–146-4">[4]</a></sup> The latter proposal is also supported by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manfred_Hutter" title="Manfred Hutter">Manfred Hutter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225-5">[5]</a></sup> If this assumption is correct, it is possible the name can be translated as "shepherd".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2002146_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2002146-6">[6]</a></sup> In an earlier publication John G. McMahon attributes <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hattic_language" title="Hattic language">Hattic</a> origin to her instead,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114-7">[7]</a></sup> but according to Haas this is implausible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2002145_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2002145-8">[8]</a></sup> He argues that cases where Ḫapantali appears in Hattian texts reflect early contact between the two groups, similarly to references to Hattian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C5%A0ulinkatte" title="Šulinkatte">Šulinkatte</a> in Luwian texts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2002146_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2002146-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>McMahon refers to Ḫapantali as a male deity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114-7">[7]</a></sup> However, Haas pointed out that her gender is confirmed by a ritual text from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ma%C5%9Fat_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Maşat Höyük">Maşat Höyük</a>, HKM 116, which refers to her as with the feminine title "queen of remedies", <i>waššiyaš</i> MUNUS.LUGAL-<i>aš</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2002143_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2002143-9">[9]</a></sup> The view that she was a goddess is also supported by Hutter<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225-5">[5]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Piotr_Taracha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piotr Taracha (page does not exist)">Piotr Taracha</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Taracha" class="extiw" title="de:Piotr Taracha">de</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200943_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200943-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>Ḫapantali has been described as a "shepherd goddess",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200943_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200943-10">[10]</a></sup> a characterization supported by her portrayal in myths, where she is responsible for a herd of sheep belonging to the Luwian sun god <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiwaz_(Luwian_deity)" title="Tiwaz (Luwian deity)">Tiwaz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225-5">[5]</a></sup> She also appears in two rituals meant to pacify angry deities through the burning of wood, one focused on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telipinu_(mythology)" title="Telipinu (mythology)">Telipinu</a> and the other on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/%E1%B8%AAanna%E1%B8%ABanna" title="Ḫannaḫanna">Ḫannaḫanna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2002143–144_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2002143–144-11">[11]</a></sup> In the latter, documented in the text KUB 33.45+, she is responsible for providing a type of wood, <i>karšani</i>, and for burning it in a hearth, which is meant to result in the rage of the other goddess involved similarly burning up.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarsacchi201611_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarsacchi201611-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Worship">Worship</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%AAapantali&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Worship">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Oldest attestations of Ḫapantali come from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Assyrian_period" title="Old Assyrian period">Old Assyrian period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114-7">[7]</a></sup> In the texts from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kanesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanesh">Kanesh</a>, she is attested in a number of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">theophoric names</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200927_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200927-13">[13]</a></sup> In later periods she is particularly well attested in texts dealing with festivals and in treaties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114-7">[7]</a></sup> In the list of deities worshiped during the KI.LAM festival, Ḫapantali appears alongside <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inar" class="mw-redirect" title="Inar">Inar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200939_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200939-14">[14]</a></sup> She is one of the only deities mentioned in it whose origin was not Hattian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200940_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200940-15">[15]</a></sup> Vessels in the shape of boars and leopards were used in the cult of Ḫapantali and Inar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200961_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200961-16">[16]</a></sup> These two goddesses were closely associated with each other,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200942–43_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200942–43-17">[17]</a></sup> and appear together in various ritual texts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas1994441_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas1994441-3">[3]</a></sup> Due to their frequent association, it has been argued that presence of Ḫapantali next to a deity designated by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sumerogram" title="Sumerogram">sumerogram</a> <sup>d</sup><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">LAMMA</a> makes it possible to presume Inar was meant instead of any other Hittite or Luwian deities who could also be designated by it, such as <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Kammamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kammamma (page does not exist)">Kammamma</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kammamma" class="extiw" title="de:Kammamma">de</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200984_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200984-18">[18]</a></sup> However, Ḫapantali could be perceived as a deity belonging to the category of <sup>d</sup>LAMMA (so-called "tutelary deities"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200957_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200957-19">[19]</a></sup>) herself too.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas1994450_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas1994450-20">[20]</a></sup> She appears in a number of Hittite treaties as one of the members of this group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas1994451_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas1994451-21">[21]</a></sup> She commonly occurs next to <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Karzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karzi (page does not exist)">Karzi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karzi" class="extiw" title="de:Karzi">de</a>]</span> in this context.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199118_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199118-22">[22]</a></sup> Examples where she appears as one of the divine witnesses include the treaties between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C5%A0uppiluliuma_I" title="Šuppiluliuma I">Šuppiluliuma I</a> and rulers such as Huqqana of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hayasa-Azzi" title="Hayasa-Azzi">Hayasa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman199925_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman199925-23">[23]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shattiwaza" title="Shattiwaza">Shattiwaza</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mittanni</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman199943_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman199943-24">[24]</a></sup> and Tette of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nuha%C5%A1%C5%A1e" title="Nuhašše">Nuhašše</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman199953_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman199953-25">[25]</a></sup> between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mur%C5%A1ili_II" title="Muršili II">Muršili II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Tuppi-Teshub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuppi-Teshub (page does not exist)">Tuppi-Teshub</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duppi-Te%C5%A1%C5%A1up" class="extiw" title="de:Duppi-Teššup">de</a>]</span> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amurru_kingdom" title="Amurru kingdom">Amurru</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman199958_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman199958-26">[26]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niqmepa" title="Niqmepa">Niqmepa</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman199963_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman199963-27">[27]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manapa-Tarhunta" title="Manapa-Tarhunta">Manapa-Tarhunta</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seha_River_Land" title="Seha River Land">Seha River</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman199981_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman199981-28">[28]</a></sup> between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/%E1%B8%AAattu%C5%A1ili_III" title="Ḫattušili III">Ḫattušili III</a> and Ulmi-Teshub of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tar%E1%B8%ABunta%C5%A1%C5%A1a" title="Tarḫuntašša">Tarḫuntašša</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman1999106_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman1999106-29">[29]</a></sup> and between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tud%E1%B8%ABaliya_IV" title="Tudḫaliya IV">Tudḫaliya IV</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kurunta" title="Kurunta">Kurunta</a>, another ruler of the same polity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman1999116_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman1999116-30">[30]</a></sup> Based on these texts it is presumed she continued to be worshiped until the end of the Hittite Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEsfnMcMahon199116_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEsfnMcMahon199116-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mythology">Mythology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%AAapantali&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mythology">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In myths, Ḫapantali typically acts as an assistant of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kamru%C5%A1epa" title="Kamrušepa">Kamrušepa</a>, in contrast with her connection with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inar" class="mw-redirect" title="Inar">Inar</a> documented in other sources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas1994441_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas1994441-3">[3]</a></sup> She could also be associated with Kamrušepa's husband, the Luwian sun god <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiwaz_(Luwian_deity)" title="Tiwaz (Luwian deity)">Tiwaz</a>, and she takes care of his sheep in the myth of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telipinu_(mythology)" title="Telipinu (mythology)">Telipinu</a>'s disappearance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225-5">[5]</a></sup> In the same composition, she is also among the deities who gather under a tree while Kamrušepa purifies Telipinu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffner199817_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffner199817-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the myth <i>The Moon that Fell from Heaven</i>, also known as <i>When the Storm God thunders Frightfully</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffner199834_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffner199834-33">[33]</a></sup> Ḫapantali appears to recite a spell after the events described in the title.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffner199835_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffner199835-34">[34]</a></sup> The original version of the myth was written in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hattic_language" title="Hattic language">Hattic</a>, though a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hittite_language" title="Hittite language">Hittite</a> translation is also known; the eponymous deities are accordingly the moon good <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ka%C5%A1ku" title="Kašku">Kašku</a> and the weather god <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taru_(god)" title="Taru (god)">Taru</a> in Hattic and their counterparts <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arma_(deity)" title="Arma (deity)">Arma</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tar%E1%B8%ABunna" title="Tarḫunna">Tarḫunna</a> in Hittite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2006120_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2006120-35">[35]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%AAapantali&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas1994379-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas1994379_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaas1994">Haas 1994</a>, p. 379.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2003219–220-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutter2003219–220_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHutter2003">Hutter 2003</a>, pp. 219–220.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas1994441-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas1994441_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas1994441_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas1994441_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaas1994">Haas 1994</a>, p. 441.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2002145–146-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2002145–146_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaas2002">Haas 2002</a>, pp. 145–146.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutter2003225_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHutter2003">Hutter 2003</a>, p. 225.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2002146-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2002146_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2002146_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaas2002">Haas 2002</a>, p. 146.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199114_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMahon1991">McMahon 1991</a>, p. 14.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2002145-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2002145_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaas2002">Haas 2002</a>, p. 145.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2002143-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2002143_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaas2002">Haas 2002</a>, p. 143.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200943-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200943_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200943_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaracha2009">Taracha 2009</a>, p. 43.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2002143–144-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2002143–144_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaas2002">Haas 2002</a>, pp. 143–144.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarsacchi201611-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarsacchi201611_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarsacchi2016">Barsacchi 2016</a>, p. 11.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200927-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200927_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaracha2009">Taracha 2009</a>, p. 27.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200939-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200939_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaracha2009">Taracha 2009</a>, p. 39.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200940-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200940_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaracha2009">Taracha 2009</a>, p. 40.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200961-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200961_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaracha2009">Taracha 2009</a>, p. 61.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200942–43-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200942–43_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaracha2009">Taracha 2009</a>, pp. 42–43.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200984-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200984_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaracha2009">Taracha 2009</a>, p. 84.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaracha200957-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaracha200957_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaracha2009">Taracha 2009</a>, p. 57.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas1994450-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas1994450_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaas1994">Haas 1994</a>, p. 450.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas1994451-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas1994451_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaas1994">Haas 1994</a>, p. 451.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199118-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMahon199118_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMahon1991">McMahon 1991</a>, p. 18.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman199925-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman199925_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckman1999">Beckman 1999</a>, p. 25.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman199943-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman199943_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckman1999">Beckman 1999</a>, p. 43.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman199953-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman199953_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckman1999">Beckman 1999</a>, p. 53.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman199958-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman199958_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckman1999">Beckman 1999</a>, p. 58.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman199963-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman199963_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckman1999">Beckman 1999</a>, p. 63.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman199981-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman199981_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckman1999">Beckman 1999</a>, p. 81.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman1999106-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman1999106_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckman1999">Beckman 1999</a>, p. 106.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckman1999116-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckman1999116_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckman1999">Beckman 1999</a>, p. 116.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEsfnMcMahon199116-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEsfnMcMahon199116_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFsfnMcMahon1991">sfn & McMahon 1991</a>, p. 16.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFsfnMcMahon1991 (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffner199817-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffner199817_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoffner1998">Hoffner 1998</a>, p. 17.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffner199834-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffner199834_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoffner1998">Hoffner 1998</a>, p. 34.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffner199835-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffner199835_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoffner1998">Hoffner 1998</a>, p. 35.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaas2006120-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaas2006120_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaas2006">Haas 2006</a>, p. 120.</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%AAapantali&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarsacchi2016" class="citation journal cs1">Barsacchi, Francesco G. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/aofo-2016-0002/html">"KBo 20.64: A Hittite Invocation Ritual Mentioning the Thunder"</a>. <i>Altorientalische Forschungen</i>. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. <b>43</b> (1–2): 1–16. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Faofo-2016-0002">10.1515/aofo-2016-0002</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2196-6761">2196-6761</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Altorientalische+Forschungen&rft.atitle=KBo+20.64%3A+A+Hittite+Invocation+Ritual+Mentioning+the+Thunder&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=1-16&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Faofo-2016-0002&rft.issn=2196-6761&rft.aulast=Barsacchi&rft.aufirst=Francesco+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Faofo-2016-0002%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%B8%AAapantali" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBeckman1999" class="citation book cs1">Beckman, Gary (1999). <i>Hittite Diplomatic Texts</i>. Writings from the ancient world. Scholars Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7885-0551-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7885-0551-5"><bdi>978-0-7885-0551-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hittite+Diplomatic+Texts&rft.series=Writings+from+the+ancient+world&rft.pub=Scholars+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7885-0551-5&rft.aulast=Beckman&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%B8%AAapantali" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFHaas1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Haas, Volkert (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EOh5DwAAQBAJ"><i>Geschichte der hethitischen Religion</i></a>. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1: The Near and Middle East (in German). Brill. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29394-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29394-6"><bdi>978-90-04-29394-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+hethitischen+Religion&rft.series=Handbook+of+Oriental+Studies.+Section+1%3A+The+Near+and+Middle+East&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-90-04-29394-6&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Volkert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEOh5DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%B8%AAapantali" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFHaas2002" class="citation book cs1">Haas, Volkert (2002). "Die Göttin Ḫapantali(ja) und die Schafe". <i>Silva Anatolica: Anatolian studies presented to Maciej Popko on the occasion of his 65th birthday</i>. Warsaw: Agade. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-87111-12-0" title="Special:BookSources/83-87111-12-0"><bdi>83-87111-12-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51004996">51004996</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+G%C3%B6ttin+%E1%B8%AAapantali%28ja%29+und+die+Schafe&rft.btitle=Silva+Anatolica%3A+Anatolian+studies+presented+to+Maciej+Popko+on+the+occasion+of+his+65th+birthday&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pub=Agade&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51004996&rft.isbn=83-87111-12-0&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Volkert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%B8%AAapantali" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFHaas2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Volkert_Haas" title="Volkert Haas">Haas, Volkert</a> (2006). <i>Die hethitische Literatur</i>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110193794">10.1515/9783110193794</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-018877-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-018877-6"><bdi>978-3-11-018877-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+hethitische+Literatur&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110193794&rft.isbn=978-3-11-018877-6&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Volkert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%B8%AAapantali" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFHoffner1998" class="citation book cs1">Hoffner, Harry (1998). <i>Hittite myths</i>. Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7885-0488-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7885-0488-6"><bdi>0-7885-0488-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39455874">39455874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hittite+myths&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+GA&rft.pub=Scholars+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39455874&rft.isbn=0-7885-0488-6&rft.aulast=Hoffner&rft.aufirst=Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%B8%AAapantali" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFHutter2003" class="citation book cs1">Hutter, Manfred (2003). "Aspects of Luwian Religion". In Melchert, Craig (ed.). <i>The Luwians</i>. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East. Vol. 68. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-474-0214-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-474-0214-6"><bdi>90-474-0214-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/995012566">995012566</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aspects+of+Luwian+Religion&rft.btitle=The+Luwians&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Handbook+of+Oriental+Studies.+Section+1+The+Near+and+Middle+East&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F995012566&rft.isbn=90-474-0214-6&rft.aulast=Hutter&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%B8%AAapantali" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFMcMahon1991" class="citation book cs1">McMahon, John Gregory (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/as/25-hittite-state-cult-tutelary-deities"><i>The Hittite State Cult of the Tutelary Deities</i></a>. Assyriological Studies. Vol. 25. Chicago: Oriental Institute Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-918986-69-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-918986-69-9"><bdi>0-918986-69-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hittite+State+Cult+of+the+Tutelary+Deities&rft.place=Chicago&rft.series=Assyriological+Studies&rft.pub=Oriental+Institute+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-918986-69-9&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=John+Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisac.uchicago.edu%2Fresearch%2Fpublications%2Fas%2F25-hittite-state-cult-tutelary-deities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%B8%AAapantali" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFTaracha2009" class="citation book cs1">Taracha, Piotr (2009). <i>Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia</i>. Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie. Vol. 27. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3447058858" title="Special:BookSources/978-3447058858"><bdi>978-3447058858</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religions+of+Second+Millennium+Anatolia&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.series=Dresdner+Beitr%C3%A4ge+zur+Hethitologie&rft.pub=Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3447058858&rft.aulast=Taracha&rft.aufirst=Piotr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%B8%AAapantali" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1688424288' |