Examine individual changes

'{{short description|1976 film by John Schlesinger}} {{Infobox film | name = Marathon Man | image = Marathon_man.jpg | caption = Movie poster by [[Bill Gold]] | director = [[John Schlesinger]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Robert Evans (film producer)|Robert Evans]] * [[Sidney Beckerman (movie producer)|Sidney Beckerman]] }} | screenplay = [[William Goldman]] | based_on = {{Based on|''[[Marathon Man (novel)|Marathon Man]]''|William Goldman}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Dustin Hoffman]] * [[Laurence Olivier]] * [[Roy Scheider]] * [[William Devane]] * [[Marthe Keller]] }} | music = [[Michael Small]] | cinematography = [[Conrad Hall]] | editing = [[Jim Clark (film editor)|Jim Clark]] | studio = Robert Evans-Sidney Beckerman Productions | distributor = [[Paramount Pictures]] | released = {{Film date|1976|10|08}} | runtime = 125 minutes | country = United States | language = English | budget = $6.5 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.filmscoremonthly.com/notes/marathon_man.html|title=Marathon Man|work= FSM Online Liner Notes}}{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020045516/http://www.filmscoremonthly.com/NOTES/marathon_man.html |date=2014-10-20 }} ''[[Film Score Monthly]]''. Retrieved April 4, 2013</ref> | gross = $28.2 million<ref name="The Numbers">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1976/0MMN.php|publisher=The Numbers|title=Marathon Man, Box Office Information|access-date=January 23, 2012}}</ref> }} '''''Marathon Man''''' is a 1976 American [[thriller (genre)|thriller film]] directed by [[John Schlesinger]]. It was adapted by [[William Goldman]] from his 1974 [[Marathon Man (novel)|novel of the same title]] and stars [[Dustin Hoffman]], [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Roy Scheider]], [[William Devane]] and [[Marthe Keller]]. In the film, "Babe" Levy, a graduate student (Hoffman), becomes embroiled in a plot by Nazi [[war criminal]] Christian Szell (Olivier) to retrieve stolen diamonds from a safe deposit box owned by Szell's dead brother. Babe becomes unwittingly involved due to his brother Doc's (Scheider) dealings with Szell. It was a critical and box office success, with Olivier earning an [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] for his role as Szell, the film's antagonist. ==Plot== <!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, the plot summary should be 400-700 words. --> Thomas Babington "Babe" Levy is a history Ph.D. candidate and avid runner researching the same field as his father, who committed suicide after being investigated during the [[Joseph McCarthy]] era. Babe's brother, Henry, known as "Doc", poses as an oil company executive but is actually a government agent working for a secret agency headed by Peter Janeway. When Klaus Szell, the brother of a Nazi war criminal, is killed in a traffic accident, Doc suspects that the criminal, Dr. Christian Szell, will come to New York to retrieve a valuable diamond collection. Doc comes to New York under the guise of a visit to Babe. Meanwhile, Babe and his new girlfriend, Elsa Opel, who claims to be from Switzerland, are mugged by two men dressed in suits. When Doc takes Babe and Elsa to lunch, he tricks Elsa into revealing that she has been lying to Babe about her background. Though Doc suspects she may be connected to Szell, he tells Babe that she is seeking an American husband so that she can become a U.S. citizen. After Szell arrives in America, Doc confronts him, stating he is not welcome in the country. Szell accepts the pronouncement, but then stabs Doc with a blade concealed in his sleeve. Doc goes back to Babe's apartment and dies in his brother’s arms. The police interrogate Babe until government agents, led by Janeway, arrive. Janeway asks Babe what Doc told him before he died, and tells Babe that his brother was a U.S. government agent. Babe insists that his brother did not tell him anything, but Janeway is convinced Doc would not have struggled all the way to Babe's apartment without giving him vital information. Babe is later abducted from his apartment by the two men who mugged him in the park, and he is tortured by Szell. During his torture, Babe is repeatedly asked, "Is it safe?", but he continues to deny any knowledge. Babe is then rescued by Janeway, who explains that Szell is in America to sell off a large cache of diamonds which he had taken from Jews killed at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]. Janeway presses Babe about Doc's dying words, but Babe still insists he knows nothing. Frustrated, Janeway reveals himself as a [[double agent]] and returns Babe to Szell. Still unable to extract any details from Babe, Szell drills into one of his healthy teeth. Babe eventually escapes, aided by his skills as a marathon runner. Babe phones Elsa, who agrees to meet him with a car. Arriving at a country house, Babe guesses that Elsa has set him up, forcing her to confess that the home was owned by Szell's deceased brother. Janeway and Szell's men, Karl and Erhard arrive, but Babe takes Elsa hostage. Janeway kills Karl and Erhard as they attempt to shoot Babe and offers to let Babe kill Szell in revenge for Doc's death, if Janeway can have the diamonds. Babe agrees, but as he takes off, Elsa makes an effort to warn Babe of getting shot and Janeway tries to shoot Babe, but kills Elsa instead. Babe then fires through the window and kills Janeway. Attempting to determine the value of his diamonds, Szell visits an appraiser in the [[Diamond District, Manhattan|Diamond District]] in midtown Manhattan. A shop assistant who is a Holocaust survivor believes he recognizes Szell as a war criminal. After Szell hurriedly leaves the shop, an elderly Jewish woman also recognizes him. Trying to cross the street to get closer to Szell, the woman is hit by a taxi, causing a crowd to assemble to aid her. Amidst the confusion, the shop assistant appears again, directly confronting Szell, who slits the man's throat. Szell retrieves his diamonds but, as he attempts to leave the bank, Babe forces him at gunpoint into [[Central Park]]. Babe tells Szell he can keep as many diamonds as he can swallow. Szell initially refuses, and Babe begins throwing the diamonds into the water. Szell relents and swallows one diamond, but then refuses to cooperate further. When Szell moves for the kill, Babe throws the rest of the diamonds down the steps towards the water; Szell dives for them, but stumbles, impales himself on his switchblade then falls into the water. Babe heads out into Central Park, stopping to throw his gun into the reservoir. ==Cast== {{castlist| * [[Dustin Hoffman]] as Thomas Babington "Babe" Levy * [[Laurence Olivier]] as Dr. Christian Szell *[[Roy Scheider]] as Agent Henry "Doc" Levy *[[William Devane]] as Commander Peter "Janey" Janeway *[[Marthe Keller]] as Elsa Opel *[[Fritz Weaver]] as Professor Biesenthal *[[Richard Bright (actor)|Richard Bright]] as Karl *[[Marc Lawrence]] as Erhardt *Allen Joseph as H.V. Levy *[[Tito Goya]] as Melendez *Ben Dova as Klaus Szell *Lou Gilbert as Rosenbaum *[[Jacques Marin]] as LeClerc }} ==Production== Goldman was paid a reported $500,000 for the film rights to his novel and to do a screenplay, before the novel had been published.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/26/archives/news-of-the-screen-goldmans-latest-brings-500000.html|title=News of the Screen: Goldman's Latest Brings $500,000 Hart Crane's Life Subject of Film Columbia to Do Hallahan Novel |author=A, H, WEILER|date=May 26, 1974|work=New York Times|page=43}}</ref> (Another source said $450,000.<ref name="books">{{Cite news|title=WESTWARD THEY COME, BIG BUCKS FOR BIG BOOKS|author=Rosenfield, Paul.|date=Feb 18, 1979|work=Los Angeles Times|page=n1}} - [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114090159/ Clipping of first page] ([https://www.newspapers.com/clip/115881707/ Detail 1], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/115881804/ Detail 2]), [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114090204/ second page], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114090249/ third page], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114090296/ fourth page], and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114090343/ fifth page] from [[Newspapers.com]].</ref>) "The book reads like the movie-movie of all time", said producer Robert Evans. "I regard it as a cheap investment because you don't often find books that translate into film. This is the best thing I've read since ''[[The Godfather]]''. It could go all, all the way – if we don't foul it up in the making."<ref>{{cite news|author=Haber, J.|date=May 7, 1974|title='Marathon man' next movie-movie?|work=Los Angeles Times|id={{ProQuest|157544719}}}} - [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/115875566/ Clipping] from [[Newspapers.com]]</ref> Goldman estimated he wrote four versions of the screenplay and says [[Robert Towne]] was brought in at the end.<ref>{{cite news|author=Goldman, W.|date=Jun 15, 1983|title=Ailing Laurence Olivier proves to be a 'marathon' man|work=Chicago Tribune|id={{ProQuest|175925022}}}} - [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/115875672/ Clipping of first page] and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/115875742/ of second page] ([https://www.newspapers.com/clip/115882233/ detail 1], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/115882275/ detail 2], and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/115882304/ detail 3]) from [[Newspapers.com]].</ref> Goldman says John Schlesinger only agreed to do the film because he had just finished ''[[The Day of the Locust (film)|The Day of the Locust]]'' and was "terrified he was dead in Hollywood."<ref name="widmark">{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2008/film/news/widmark-left-indelible-impressions-1117983521/|title=William Goldman, "Widmark left indelible impressions"|work=Variety|date=April 4, 2008|access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> Laurence Olivier was cast early on. However, he had health problems, and at one stage, it was uncertain whether he would be able to do the film. [[Richard Widmark]] auditioned for the part, but Olivier eventually recovered and was able to participate in filming.<ref name="widmark"/> ''Marathon Man'' was the second feature film production in which inventor/operator [[Garrett Brown]] used his then-new [[Steadicam]], after ''[[Bound for Glory (1976 film)|Bound for Glory]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lserv2.dtopinc.com/tiffen/staging_html/tiffen_news_Steadicam30th_Anniv.html |title=Steadicam 30th anniversary press release |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430033456/http://lserv2.dtopinc.com/tiffen/staging_html/tiffen_news_Steadicam30th_Anniv.html |archive-date=2014-04-30 }}</ref> However, it was the first feature using the Steadicam that saw theatrical release, predating the premieres of both ''Bound for Glory'' and ''[[Rocky]]'' by two months. This new camera stabilization system was used extensively in ''Marathon Man''{{'}}s running and chase scenes on the streets of New York City. The movie was filmed from October 1975 to February 1976. ==="Why don't you just try acting?"=== ''Marathon Man'' is famous in acting circles for an often quoted exchange between Hoffman and Olivier concerning a perceived difference in their approaches to acting. In the usual telling of the story Hoffman, a proponent of [[method acting]], prepared for a scene where his character had been awake for three days by doing the same himself. Following much goading and verbal-bullying by Hoffman of Olivier, who criticized Olivier for not being as committed to his art as Hoffman, Olivier suggested "why don't you just try acting?"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/mar/31/method-acting-dustin-hoffman-meryl-streep|title=Method acting can go too far – just ask Dustin Hoffman – Michael Simkins|first=Michael|last=Simkins|date=31 March 2016|website=The Guardian|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref> In an interview on ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Hoffman said that this exchange had been distorted: he had been up all night at the [[Studio 54]] nightclub for personal rather than professional reasons and Olivier, who understood this, was joking.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dillon |first1=George |title=Dustin Hoffman discusses the Laurence Olivier story |url=https://georgedillon.com/workshops/video-links/dustin-hoffman-discusses-the-laurence-olivier-story/ |access-date=24 July 2022}}</ref> (N.B. The movie wrapped in February, 1976, and Studio 54 did not open until April, 1977.) ==Themes== The film explores themes of endurance and the [[Nazi hunter|pursuit of Nazi war criminals]].<ref name="Bouzerau136">Bouzereau, Laurent. ''Ultraviolent Movies: from Sam Peckinpah to Quentin Tarantino''. Citadel Press, September 1, 2000, 136. {{ISBN|0-8065-2045-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8065-2045-2}}.</ref><ref>Erens, Patricia. ''[[The Jew in American Cinema]]''. [[Indiana University Press]], 1988. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-v2Di_5ShGMC&dq=New+York+City+tooth+drilling+Szell&pg=PA348 348]. Retrieved from [[Google Books]] on January 9, 2012. {{ISBN|0-253-20493-3}}, {{ISBN|978-0-253-20493-6}}.</ref><ref name="Phillips236">Phillips, Gene D. ''Major Film Directors of the American and British Cinema, Volume 1999''. Lehigh University Press, 1999. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cVFly8avlXIC&dq=Babe+Levy+marathon+szell&pg=PA236 236]. Retrieved from [[Google Books]] on January 30, 2012. {{ISBN|0-934223-59-9}}, {{ISBN|978-0-934223-59-1}}.</ref> Some critics believed that the violence exhibited was necessary to the film and to the character of Babe. Other critics found the violence to be offensive.<ref name="Bouzerau135">Bouzereau, Laurent. ''Ultraviolent Movies: from Sam Peckinpah to Quentin Tarantino''. Citadel Press, September 1, 2000. [https://books.google.com/books?id=IFxgyv6dNFcC&dq=Marathon+Man+Elsa&pg=PA134 135]. Retrieved from [[Google Books]] on January 9, 2012. {{ISBN|0-8065-2045-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8065-2045-2}}.</ref> Critic [[Pauline Kael]] considered the film a "Jewish revenge fantasy".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Kael |first=Pauline |date=1976-10-11 |title=Running Into Trouble |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1976/10/11/running-into-trouble |magazine=The New Yorker|access-date=17 January 2017}}</ref> The nickname given to Laurence Olivier's character, "der weiße Engel" (The White Angel) was inspired by Nazi doctor [[Josef Mengele]], known as the "Angel of Death" or also, "der weiße Engel" because when he stood on the platform of arrivals to concentration camps, he looked like a "white angel" directing victims to their deaths.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/brazil/4319715/Josef-Mengele-factfile.html|title=Josef Mengele – factfile|date=9 September 2018|access-date=9 September 2018|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> Babe originally has childish traits. As the film progresses, these childish traits are replaced with more adult ones. Michelle Citron of ''[[Jump Cut (journal)|Jump Cut]]'' compared Babe to [[Carrie White]] in the 1976 film ''[[Carrie (1976 film)|Carrie]]''.<ref name=Citron>"[http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC14folder/MarathonMan.html ''Carrie'' meets ''Marathon Man'']." ''[[Jump Cut (journal)|Jump Cut]]''. No. 14, 1977. P. 10-12.</ref> Janeway is only interested in his own gain instead of the ideal to advance U.S. interests. Paul Cobley stated in ''The American Thriller: Generic Innovation and Social Change in the 1970s'' that Janeway "can be read as the impersonality of late capitalism [...] or a post-[[Foucaldian]] embodiment of the shifting locations of power" or "a representative of the vicissitudes of the market".<ref>Cobley, Paul. ''The American Thriller: Generic Innovation and Social Change in the 1970s''. Springer Publishing, November 9, 20009. {{ISBN|0333985125}}, 9780333985120. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gBmFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA157 157].</ref> Cobley identifies Melendez and his group as Janeway's "nemesis".<ref>Cobley, Paul. ''The American Thriller: Generic Innovation and Social Change in the 1970s''. Springer Publishing, November 9, 20009. {{ISBN|0333985125}}, 9780333985120. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gBmFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA158 158].</ref> == Music == [[John Schlesinger]] asked composer [[Michael Small]] to make music that matched the theme of "pain, and the endurance of pain".<ref>Bettencourt, Scott and Alexander Kaplan. "[http://www.filmscoremonthly.com/notes/marathon_man_music.html Marathon Man] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304172546/http://www.filmscoremonthly.com/notes/marathon_man_music.html |date=2014-03-04 }}." ''[[Film Score Monthly]]''. Vol. 13, no. 5. Retrieved on March 1, 2014.</ref> The opera [[Hérodiade]] by [[Jules Massenet]] is featured in the scene that takes place at the [[Paris Opera]] (Act III scene 8, ''Dors, ô cité perverse !... Astres étincelants'', sung by [[Joseph Rouleau]] with the orchestra of the [[Royal Opera House]] conducted by [[John Matheson (conductor)|John Matheson]], published on [[Decca Records]]). ==Reception== The film was a financial and critical success. Olivier's performance was particularly praised. [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gives the film an approval rating of 82% based on 44 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The consensus reads, "''Marathon Man'' runs the gamut from patient mystery to pulse-pounding thriller, aided by Laurence Olivier's coldly terrifying performance and a brainy script by William Goldman."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/marathon_man/|title=Marathon Man|website=rottentomatoes.com|access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] gave ''Marathon Man'' 3 out of a possible 4 stars. He wrote: "If holes in plots bother you, 'Marathon Man' will be maddening. But as well-crafted escapist entertainment, as a diabolical thriller, the movie works with relentless skill."<ref>{{cite web|last=Ebert |first=Roger|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/marathon-man-1976 |title=Marathon Man Movie Review & Film Summary|date=1976-10-18|access-date=2017-01-04}}</ref> ===Accolades=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |- ! Award ! Category ! Nominee ! Result |- | [[49th Academy Awards|Academy Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1977 |title=The 49th Academy Awards (1977) Nominees and Winners |access-date=2011-10-03 |work=oscars.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111214401/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1977 |archive-date=2015-01-11}}</ref> | [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] | [[Laurence Olivier]] | {{nom}} |- | [[Bambi Award]]s | Best Actress – National | [[Marthe Keller]] | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2"| [[30th British Academy Film Awards|British Academy Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1977/film |title=BAFTA Awards: Film in 1977 |website=[[BAFTA]] |year=1977 |access-date=June 3, 2021 |ref={{harvid|BAFTA|1977}}}}</ref> | [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Best Actor in a Leading Role]] | [[Dustin Hoffman]] | {{nom}} |- | [[BAFTA Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]] | [[Jim Clark (film editor)|Jim Clark]] | {{nom}} |- | [[British Society of Cinematographers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bscine.com/media/uploads/awards/bsc-cinematography-feature-film.pdf?v |title=Best Cinematography in Feature Film |access-date=June 3, 2021}}</ref> | Best Cinematography in a Theatrical Feature Film | [[Conrad Hall]] | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2"| [[David di Donatello|David di Donatello Awards]] | [[David di Donatello for Best Foreign Film|Best Foreign Film]] | [[Robert Evans (film producer)|Robert Evans]] | {{won}} |- | [[David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actor|Best Foreign Actor]] | Dustin Hoffman | {{won}}{{efn|Tied with [[Sylvester Stallone]] for ''[[Rocky]]''.}} |- | [[Edgar Awards|Edgar Allan Poe Awards]] | [[List of Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay winners|Best Motion Picture Screenplay]] | [[William Goldman]] | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5"| [[34th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/marathon-man |title=Marathon Man – Golden Globes |website=[[HFPA]] |access-date=July 5, 2021 |ref={{harvid|HFPA|1977}}}}</ref> | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama]] | Dustin Hoffman | {{nom}} |- | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture]] | Laurence Olivier | {{won}} |- | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture]] | Marthe Keller | {{nom}} |- | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director – Motion Picture]] | [[John Schlesinger]] | {{nom}} |- | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay – Motion Picture]] | William Goldman | {{nom}} |- | [[Turkish Film Critics Association|Turkish Film Critics Association Awards]] | colspan="2"| Best Foreign Film | {{draw|7th Place}} |- | [[29th Writers Guild of America Awards|Writers Guild of America Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wga.org/awards/awardssub.aspx?id=1551|title=Awards Winners|work=wga.org|publisher=Writers Guild of America|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205095022/http://www.wga.org/awards/awardssub.aspx?id=1551|archive-date=2012-12-05|access-date=2010-06-06}}</ref> | [[Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium]] | William Goldman | {{nom}} |} ==Cultural influence== Dr. Szell was ranked as villain #34 on the [[American Film Institute]]'s "[[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains|100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains]]" list. The film itself was ranked #50 on the "[[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills|100 Years...100 Thrills]]" list. He was also ranked in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' as one of the 25 greatest movie villains. Both the novel and film contain a graphic depiction in which Szell tortures Babe by first probing a cavity in one of Babe's teeth with a [[curette]], and later drilling into another tooth, without [[anesthetic]], while repeatedly asking the question "Is it safe?" The quote "Is it safe?" was ranked #70 on the "[[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes|100 Years...100 Movie Quotes]]" list. The [[dental fear|dental torture]] scene was named #66 on [[Bravo (US TV channel)|Bravo]]'s ''[[100 Scariest Movie Moments]]''. The torture scene has been described as one of the most frightening sequences in film.<ref name="Phillips236"/> Critics have remarked on the high level of talent and class.<ref name="shop">Brown, Dennis ''Shoptalk'', Newmarket Press, 1992, p 70</ref> Director Schlesinger said that ''Marathon Man'' was successful not only because it had elements of [[escapism]], but also because the audience easily identified with Babe Levy. Schlesinger said that he "is definitely someone that you can root for. The film is about his survival in a grim and hostile world. In our present age of anxiety we can all identify with characters who are not trying to get ahead but simply to survive."<ref>Mann, William J. ''Edge of Midnight: The Life of John Schlesinger''. Random House Digital, Sep 1, 2006. [https://books.google.com/books?id=0DsCsQStGz0C&dq=Babe+Levy&pg=PA444 444]. Retrieved from [[Google Books]] on January 10, 2012. {{ISBN|0-8230-8469-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8230-8469-2}}.</ref> ==Deleted violent scenes== Although the first preview of the movie was successful, the second one in San Francisco did not go well. The audience complained about all the violent scenes, so director John Schlesinger and editor Jim Clark chose to delete the following scenes and shots: the scene near the beginning of the film in which Doc fights with two assassins who have killed his friend; the graphic and gory close-ups of Szell disemboweling Doc with his wrist blade; and both of the torture scenes, which were heavily cut. Graphic insert shots from the torture scenes, which were filmed by Clark, were removed. Some photos, such as original lobby cards and stills, show Szell torturing Babe longer with dental instruments in the first torture scene and actual onscreen drilling of Babe's tooth in the second torture scene.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bettencourt |first=Scott |title=Marathon Man |publisher=Film Score Monthly |url=http://www.filmscoremonthly.com/notes/marathon_man.html |access-date=11 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020045516/http://www.filmscoremonthly.com/NOTES/marathon_man.html |archive-date=20 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Stanley Kauffmann]] of [[The New Republic]] wrote-'While people said that the violence in Marathon Man was excessive, I was surprised: I had wriggled through that dental torture, but it hadn't seemed a pinnacle in a year during which I had seen two penises cut off and another penis nailed to a board—in films from France and Japan'.<ref>{{cite book |title=Before My Eyes Film Criticism & Comment|last1=Kauffmann|first1=Stanley |publisher=Harper & Row Publishers |year=1979 |page=423}}</ref> ==Differences from the novel== An 8½-minute sequence was shot of Doc fighting with some men who kill a spy colleague of his. William Goldman speculated that the scene was cut because of its violence and called the cut "grievous" and to the detriment of the film.<ref name=bradey162>Bradey, John Joseph. ''The Craft of the Screenwriter: Interviews with Six Celebrated Screenwriters'' (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981), p. 162.</ref> With the sequence missing, Doc's character seems to be less flawed than he really is.<ref name=bradey162 /> In the novel, Janeway and Doc are homosexual lovers. This is handled subtly in the movie (when Doc arrives in Paris he calls Janeway on the phone and says "Janie, I miss you. Get your ass over here (to the hotel room)." In the book, their sexual relationship is not subtle at all and has Doc pining for Janeway at several points in the book. The ending was rewritten by [[Robert Towne]]; it has been speculated that this was because Hoffman was unhappy with it.<ref name=bradey166>Bradey, p. 166.</ref> Goldman told an interviewer he thought the new, more famous ending was "shit" because it left out two important plot clarifications. The final confrontation between Babe and Szell, in particular, is changed: in the film, Babe "spares" Szell in a pump room, tries forcing him to swallow his diamonds and Szell then falls on his own retractable blade, dying. In the novel, Babe resolutely leads Szell to [[Central Park]] and shoots him multiple times, subsequently lecturing him. He then throws the diamonds away and is quietly led away by a policeman.<ref name=bradey166 /> ==Notes== {{Noteslist}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Further reading== * Kerner, Aaron. ''Film and the Holocaust: New Perspectives on Dramas, Documentaries, and Experimental Films''. [[Continuum International Publishing Group]], May 5, 2011. 169–173. {{ISBN|1-4411-2418-7}}, {{ISBN|978-1-4411-2418-0}}. ==External links== {{wikiquote|Marathon Man}} {{Portal|Film|United States|Judaism|Medicine}} * {{IMDb title|0074860|Marathon Man}} * {{TCMDb title|4705|Marathon Man}} * {{AllMovie title|31373|Marathon Man}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|marathon_man|Marathon Man}} {{John Schlesinger}} {{William Goldman}} {{David di Donatello Best Foreign Film}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1976 films]] [[Category:1970s crime thriller films]] [[Category:1970s political thriller films]] [[Category:American crime thriller films]] [[Category:American political thriller films]] [[Category:Films about brothers]] [[Category:Films about dentistry]] [[Category:Films about Jews and Judaism]] [[Category:Films about murderers]] [[Category:Films about Nazi fugitives]] [[Category:Films based on American novels]] [[Category:Films based on works by William Goldman]] [[Category:Films directed by John Schlesinger]] [[Category:Films featuring a Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe winning performance]] [[Category:Films produced by Robert Evans]] [[Category:Films scored by Michael Small]] [[Category:Films set in New York City]] [[Category:Films set in Columbia University]] [[Category:Films set in Paris]] [[Category:Films set in Uruguay]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in New York City]] [[Category:Films shot in Paris]] [[Category:Films with screenplays by William Goldman]] [[Category:Paramount Pictures films]] [[Category:Torture in films]] [[Category:1970s English-language films]] [[Category:1970s American films]]'