Examine individual changes
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Variables generated for this change
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{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
[[File:3782 Common Raven in flight.jpg|thumb|right|Common raven of North America (''Corvus corax principalis'') in flight]]
A '''raven''' is any of several larger-bodied [[passerine]] [[bird]] species in the genus ''[[Corvus]]''. These species do not form a single [[Taxon|taxonomic group]] within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between "[[crow]]s" and "ravens", common names which are assigned to different species chiefly based on their size.
The largest raven species are the [[common raven]] and the [[thick-billed raven]]; these are also the largest passerine species.
==Etymology==
The term "raven" originally referred to the [[common raven]] (''Corvus corax''), the [[type species]] of the genus ''Corvus'', which has a larger distribution than any other species of ''Corvus'', ranging over much of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
The modern English word ''raven'' has cognates in all other [[Germanic languages]], including [[Old Norse]] (and subsequently [[Icelandic language|modern Icelandic]]) {{lang|non|hrafn}}<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'' entry for "raven".</ref> and [[Old High German]] {{lang|goh|(h)Raban}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia| title=Raven|encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary|editor=Simpson, J. |editor2=Weiner, E. | year=1989 |edition= 2nd| location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn= 0-19-861186-2}}</ref> all of which descend from [[Proto-Germanic]] {{lang|gem|*hrabanaz}}.<ref>{{cite web| title=Raven| work=Online Etymology Dictionary| url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=raven| access-date=14 May 2007}}</ref>
[[Collective noun]]s for a group of common ravens (if not all ravens) include "rave",<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lipton|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ|title=An Exaltation of Larks|date=1991|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-30044-0|language=en}}</ref> "treachery",<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html | title=Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List | access-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> "unkindness",<ref name=":0" /> and "conspiracy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|title=University of California Golf Club. List of Collective Nouns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040918183029/http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|archive-date=18 September 2004|access-date=16 July 2008}}</ref> In practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0|title=Google Ngram Viewer|website=books.google.com|access-date=2020-01-05}}</ref>
==Extant species==
{{seealso|List of Corvus species}}
* ''Corvus albicollis'' – [[White-necked raven]] (eastern and southern Africa)
* ''Corvus corax'' – [[Common raven]] (Northern Hemisphere)
* ''Corvus coronoides'' – [[Australian raven]] (Australia)
* ''Corvus crassirostris'' – [[Thick-billed raven]] (Horn of Africa)
* ''Corvus cryptoleucus'' – [[Chihuahuan raven]] (United States and Mexico)
* ''Corvus mellori'' – [[Little raven]] (southeastern Australia)
* ''Corvus rhipidurus'' – [[Fan-tailed raven]] (eastern Africa and Arabian peninsula)
* ''Corvus ruficollis'' – [[Brown-necked raven]] (northern Africa, Arabian peninsula, greater Middle East)
* ''Corvus tasmanicus'' – [[Forest raven]] (Tasmania, southern Victoria and north-east New South Wales in Australia)
==Extinct species and morphs==
* †''Corvus moriorum'' – [[Chatham raven]]
* †''Corvus antipodum'' – [[New Zealand raven]]
* †''Corvus corax varius'' morpha ''leucophaeus'' – [[Pied raven]] (extinct morph of common raven)
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Head of Raven.jpg|Head of a [[common raven]]
File:Corvus corax jouveniles.jpeg|Common ravens
File:Corvus cryptoleucus Arizona 2.jpg|[[Chihuahuan raven]]
File:Fan-tailed raven.jpg|[[Fan-tailed raven]]
File:Australian Raven Sydney University.jpg|[[Australian raven]]
File:Ravaged Raven in Flight.jpg|A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease.
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Cultural depictions of ravens]]
* [[Ravens of the Tower of London]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Ravens}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Raven}}
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/crows-corvidae Raven videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101229105854/http://enature.com/fieldguides/view_default.asp?allSpecies=y&searchText=raven North American ravens] on eNature
{{Animal common name}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Ravens| ]]
[[Category:Bird common names]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Collection of birds with the same common name}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
[[File:3782 Common silly billy in flight.jpg|thumb|right|Common silly billy of North America (''Corvus corax principalis'') in flight]]
A '''silly billy''' is any of several larger-bodied [[passerine]] [[bird]] species in the genus ''[[Corvus]]''. These species do not form a single [[Taxon|taxonomic group]] within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between "[[crow]]s" and "ravens", common names which are assigned to different species chiefly based on their size.
The largest raven species are the [[common silly billy]] and the [[thick-billed silly billy]]; these are also the largest passerine species.
==Etymology==
The term "silly" originally referred to the [[common raven]] (''Corvus corax''), the [[type species]] of the genus ''Corvus'', which has a larger distribution than any other species of ''Corvus'', ranging over much of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
The modern English word ''raven'' has cognates in all other [[Germanic languages]], including [[Old Norse]] (and subsequently [[Icelandic language|modern Icelandic]]) {{lang|non|hrafn}}<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'' entry for "raven".</ref> and [[Old High German]] {{lang|goh|(h)Raban}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia| title=Raven|encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary|editor=Simpson, J. |editor2=Weiner, E. | year=1989 |edition= 2nd| location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn= 0-19-861186-2}}</ref> all of which descend from [[Proto-Germanic]] {{lang|gem|*hrabanaz}}.<ref>{{cite web| title=Raven| work=Online Etymology Dictionary| url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=raven| access-date=14 May 2007}}</ref>
[[Collective noun]]s for a group of common ravens (if not all ravens) include "rave",<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lipton|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ|title=An Exaltation of Larks|date=1991|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-30044-0|language=en}}</ref> "treachery",<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html | title=Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List | access-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> "unkindness",<ref name=":0" /> and "conspiracy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|title=University of California Golf Club. List of Collective Nouns|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040918183029/http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm|archive-date=18 September 2004|access-date=16 July 2008}}</ref> In practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0|title=Google Ngram Viewer|website=books.google.com|access-date=2020-01-05}}</ref>
==Extant species==
{{seealso|List of Corvus species}}
* ''Corvus albicollis'' – [[White-necked raven]] (eastern and southern Africa)
* ''Corvus corax'' – [[Common raven]] (Northern Hemisphere)
* ''Corvus coronoides'' – [[Australian raven]] (Australia)
* ''Corvus crassirostris'' – [[Thick-billed raven]] (Horn of Africa)
* ''Corvus cryptoleucus'' – [[Chihuahuan raven]] (United States and Mexico)
* ''Corvus mellori'' – [[Little raven]] (southeastern Australia)
* ''Corvus rhipidurus'' – [[Fan-tailed raven]] (eastern Africa and Arabian peninsula)
* ''Corvus ruficollis'' – [[Brown-necked raven]] (northern Africa, Arabian peninsula, greater Middle East)
* ''Corvus tasmanicus'' – [[Forest raven]] (Tasmania, southern Victoria and north-east New South Wales in Australia)
==Extinct species and morphs==
* †''Corvus moriorum'' – [[Chatham raven]]
* †''Corvus antipodum'' – [[New Zealand raven]]
* †''Corvus corax varius'' morpha ''leucophaeus'' – [[Pied raven]] (extinct morph of common raven)
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Head of Raven.jpg|Head of a [[common raven]]
File:Corvus corax jouveniles.jpeg|Common ravens
File:Corvus cryptoleucus Arizona 2.jpg|[[Chihuahuan raven]]
File:Fan-tailed raven.jpg|[[Fan-tailed raven]]
File:Australian Raven Sydney University.jpg|[[Australian raven]]
File:Ravaged Raven in Flight.jpg|A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease.
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Cultural depictions of ravens]]
* [[Ravens of the Tower of London]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Ravens}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Raven}}
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/crows-corvidae Raven videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101229105854/http://enature.com/fieldguides/view_default.asp?allSpecies=y&searchText=raven North American ravens] on eNature
{{Animal common name}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Ravens| ]]
[[Category:Bird common names]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
-[[File:3782 Common Raven in flight.jpg|thumb|right|Common raven of North America (''Corvus corax principalis'') in flight]]
-A '''raven''' is any of several larger-bodied [[passerine]] [[bird]] species in the genus ''[[Corvus]]''. These species do not form a single [[Taxon|taxonomic group]] within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between "[[crow]]s" and "ravens", common names which are assigned to different species chiefly based on their size.
+[[File:3782 Common silly billy in flight.jpg|thumb|right|Common silly billy of North America (''Corvus corax principalis'') in flight]]
+A '''silly billy''' is any of several larger-bodied [[passerine]] [[bird]] species in the genus ''[[Corvus]]''. These species do not form a single [[Taxon|taxonomic group]] within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between "[[crow]]s" and "ravens", common names which are assigned to different species chiefly based on their size.
-The largest raven species are the [[common raven]] and the [[thick-billed raven]]; these are also the largest passerine species.
+The largest raven species are the [[common silly billy]] and the [[thick-billed silly billy]]; these are also the largest passerine species.
==Etymology==
-The term "raven" originally referred to the [[common raven]] (''Corvus corax''), the [[type species]] of the genus ''Corvus'', which has a larger distribution than any other species of ''Corvus'', ranging over much of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
+The term "silly" originally referred to the [[common raven]] (''Corvus corax''), the [[type species]] of the genus ''Corvus'', which has a larger distribution than any other species of ''Corvus'', ranging over much of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
The modern English word ''raven'' has cognates in all other [[Germanic languages]], including [[Old Norse]] (and subsequently [[Icelandic language|modern Icelandic]]) {{lang|non|hrafn}}<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'' entry for "raven".</ref> and [[Old High German]] {{lang|goh|(h)Raban}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia| title=Raven|encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary|editor=Simpson, J. |editor2=Weiner, E. | year=1989 |edition= 2nd| location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn= 0-19-861186-2}}</ref> all of which descend from [[Proto-Germanic]] {{lang|gem|*hrabanaz}}.<ref>{{cite web| title=Raven| work=Online Etymology Dictionary| url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=raven| access-date=14 May 2007}}</ref>
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2 => 'The largest raven species are the [[common silly billy]] and the [[thick-billed silly billy]]; these are also the largest passerine species.',
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2 => 'The largest raven species are the [[common raven]] and the [[thick-billed raven]]; these are also the largest passerine species.',
3 => 'The term "raven" originally referred to the [[common raven]] (''Corvus corax''), the [[type species]] of the genus ''Corvus'', which has a larger distribution than any other species of ''Corvus'', ranging over much of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].'
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Collection of birds with the same common name</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raven_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Raven (disambiguation)">Raven (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=3782_Common_silly_billy_in_flight.jpg" class="new" title="File:3782 Common silly billy in flight.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">File:3782 Common silly billy in flight.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Common silly billy of North America (<i>Corvus corax principalis</i>) in flight</figcaption></figure>
<p>A <b>silly billy</b> is any of several larger-bodied <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerine</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a> species in the genus <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corvus" title="Corvus">Corvus</a></i>. These species do not form a single <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxonomic group</a> within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crow" title="Crow">crows</a>" and "ravens", common names which are assigned to different species chiefly based on their size.
</p><p>The largest raven species are the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Common_silly_billy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common silly billy (page does not exist)">common silly billy</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Thick-billed_silly_billy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thick-billed silly billy (page does not exist)">thick-billed silly billy</a>; these are also the largest passerine species.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Extant_species"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Extant species</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Extinct_species_and_morphs"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Extinct species and morphs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etymology"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The term "silly" originally referred to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Common_raven" title="Common raven">common raven</a> (<i>Corvus corax</i>), the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> of the genus <i>Corvus</i>, which has a larger distribution than any other species of <i>Corvus</i>, ranging over much of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>.
</p><p>The modern English word <i>raven</i> has cognates in all other <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a>, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> (and subsequently <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">modern Icelandic</a>) <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">hrafn</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">(h)Raban</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> all of which descend from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> <span title="Germanic languages collective text">*<i lang="gem">hrabanaz</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Collective_noun" title="Collective noun">Collective nouns</a> for a group of common ravens (if not all ravens) include "rave",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> "treachery",<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a></sup> "unkindness",<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a></sup> and "conspiracy".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> In practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Extant_species">Extant species</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Extant species"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Corvus_species" title="List of Corvus species">List of Corvus species</a></div>
<ul><li><i>Corvus albicollis</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White-necked_raven" title="White-necked raven">White-necked raven</a> (eastern and southern Africa)</li>
<li><i>Corvus corax</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Common_raven" title="Common raven">Common raven</a> (Northern Hemisphere)</li>
<li><i>Corvus coronoides</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_raven" title="Australian raven">Australian raven</a> (Australia)</li>
<li><i>Corvus crassirostris</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thick-billed_raven" title="Thick-billed raven">Thick-billed raven</a> (Horn of Africa)</li>
<li><i>Corvus cryptoleucus</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chihuahuan_raven" title="Chihuahuan raven">Chihuahuan raven</a> (United States and Mexico)</li>
<li><i>Corvus mellori</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Little_raven" title="Little raven">Little raven</a> (southeastern Australia)</li>
<li><i>Corvus rhipidurus</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fan-tailed_raven" title="Fan-tailed raven">Fan-tailed raven</a> (eastern Africa and Arabian peninsula)</li>
<li><i>Corvus ruficollis</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brown-necked_raven" title="Brown-necked raven">Brown-necked raven</a> (northern Africa, Arabian peninsula, greater Middle East)</li>
<li><i>Corvus tasmanicus</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forest_raven" title="Forest raven">Forest raven</a> (Tasmania, southern Victoria and north-east New South Wales in Australia)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Extinct_species_and_morphs">Extinct species and morphs</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Extinct species and morphs"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li>†<i>Corvus moriorum</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chatham_raven" title="Chatham raven">Chatham raven</a></li>
<li>†<i>Corvus antipodum</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Zealand_raven" title="New Zealand raven">New Zealand raven</a></li>
<li>†<i>Corvus corax varius</i> morpha <i>leucophaeus</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pied_raven" title="Pied raven">Pied raven</a> (extinct morph of common raven)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Gallery">Gallery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Gallery"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Head_of_Raven.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Head of a common raven"><img alt="Head of a common raven" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Head_of_Raven.jpg/200px-Head_of_Raven.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Head_of_Raven.jpg/300px-Head_of_Raven.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Head_of_Raven.jpg/400px-Head_of_Raven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="2056" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Head of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Common_raven" title="Common raven">common raven</a>
</p>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Corvus_corax_jouveniles.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common ravens"><img alt="Common ravens" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Corvus_corax_jouveniles.jpeg/200px-Corvus_corax_jouveniles.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Corvus_corax_jouveniles.jpeg/300px-Corvus_corax_jouveniles.jpeg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Corvus_corax_jouveniles.jpeg/400px-Corvus_corax_jouveniles.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Common ravens
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chihuahuan raven"><img alt="Chihuahuan raven" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg/200px-Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg/300px-Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg/400px-Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chihuahuan_raven" title="Chihuahuan raven">Chihuahuan raven</a>
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Fan-tailed_raven.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fan-tailed raven"><img alt="Fan-tailed raven" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Fan-tailed_raven.jpg/200px-Fan-tailed_raven.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Fan-tailed_raven.jpg/300px-Fan-tailed_raven.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Fan-tailed_raven.jpg/400px-Fan-tailed_raven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fan-tailed_raven" title="Fan-tailed raven">Fan-tailed raven</a>
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Australian raven"><img alt="Australian raven" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg/200px-Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg/300px-Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg/400px-Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_raven" title="Australian raven">Australian raven</a>
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease."><img alt="A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg/200px-Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg/300px-Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg/400px-Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="1028" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease.
</p>
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</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: See also"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_ravens" title="Cultural depictions of ravens">Cultural depictions of ravens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ravens_of_the_Tower_of_London" title="Ravens of the Tower of London">Ravens of the Tower of London</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> entry for "raven".</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSimpson,_J.Weiner,_E.1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Simpson, J.; Weiner, E., eds. (1989). "Raven". <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-861186-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-861186-2"><bdi>0-19-861186-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Raven&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-19-861186-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaven" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=raven">"Raven"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Raven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Draven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaven" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFLipton1991" class="citation book cs1">Lipton, James (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ"><i>An Exaltation of Larks</i></a>. Viking. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-30044-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-30044-0"><bdi>978-0-670-30044-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Exaltation+of+Larks&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-670-30044-0&rft.aulast=Lipton&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAVNazQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaven" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html">"Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baltimore+Bird+Club.+Group+Name+for+Birds%3A+A+Partial+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaltimorebirdclub.org%2Fgnlist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaven" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm">"University of California Golf Club. List of Collective Nouns"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040918183029/http://www.ucgc.org/terms-for-collections.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+California+Golf+Club.+List+of+Collective+Nouns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucgc.org%2Fterms-for-collections.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaven" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0">"Google Ngram Viewer"</a>. <i>books.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=books.google.com&rft.atitle=Google+Ngram+Viewer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fngrams%2Fgraph%3Fcontent%3Dflock%2Bof%2Bravens%2Cunkindness%2Bof%2Bravens%2Ctreachery%2Bof%2Bravens%2Cconspiracy%2Bof%2Bravens%26year_start%3D1900%26year_end%3D2008%26corpus%3D15%26smoothing%3D3%26share%3D%26direct_url%3Dt1%253B%252Cflock%2520of%2520ravens%253B%252Cc0%253B.t1%253B%252Cunkindness%2520of%2520ravens%253B%252Cc0t1%3B%2Cflock%2520of%2520ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%2520of%2520ravens%3B%2Cc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaven" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: External links"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div>
<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ravens" class="extiw" title="q:Ravens">Ravens</a></b></i>.</div></div>
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<div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div>
<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Raven" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Raven">Raven</a></span>".</div></div>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/crows-corvidae">Raven videos</a> on the Internet Bird Collection</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229105854/http://enature.com/fieldguides/view_default.asp?allSpecies=y&searchText=raven">North American ravens</a> on eNature</li></ul>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097304697">.mw-parser-output .dmbox{display:flex;align-items:center;clear:both;margin:0.9em 1em;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding:0.25em 0.35em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .dmbox>*{flex-shrink:0;margin:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-body{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:1;padding:0.1em 0}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style>
<div role="note" id="setindexbox" class="metadata plainlinks dmbox dmbox-setindex"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:DAB_list_gray.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Disambiguation icon" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/30px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/45px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/60px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><div class="dmbox-body"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Index of animals with the same common name</div>This page is an index of articles on animal species (or higher taxonomic groups) with the same <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Common_name" title="Common name">common name</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> name). If an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Raven" title="Special:WhatLinksHere/Raven">internal link</a> led you here, you may wish to edit the linking article so that it links directly to the intended article.</div>
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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8335#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8335#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1090401/">FAST</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563241205171">Israel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85111576">United States</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1699307157' |