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'fuck {{Short description|Belgian biochemist}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} '''Jean Louis Auguste Brachet''' (19 March 1909 &ndash; 10 August 1988) was a [[Belgium|Belgian]] biochemist who made a key contribution in understanding the role of [[RNA]]. {{Infobox scientist | birth_name = Jean Brachet | name = Jean Brachet | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = 19 March 1909 | birth_place = [[Etterbeek]], Belgium | nationality = Belgian | death_date = 10 August 1988 at 79 years | death_place = | field = {{Plainlist| * [[Molecular biology]]}} | workplaces = {{Plainlist| * [[Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)|Free University of Brussels]]{{efn|Not the post-1969 [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], but its predecessor institution.}} * [[University of Cambridge]] * [[Princeton University]] * Several institutes of marine biological research * Professor of Animal Morphology and General Biology at the [[Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)|Université Libre de Bruxelles]] * Research Director of the [[Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica|International Laboratory for Genetics and Biophysics]] in [[Naples]]}} | education = L'[[École alsacienne]], Paris | alma_mater =[[Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)|Université Libre de Bruxelles]] | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | known_for = {{Plainlist| * Role of [[RNA]] in protein synthesis}} | prizes = {{Plainlist| * [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] * [[Académie royale de médecine de Belgique]] * [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] * [[German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]] * [[National Academy of Sciences]]}} | spouse = | children = | signature = | website = }} ==Life== Brachet was born in [[Etterbeek]] near [[Brussels]] in [[Belgium]], the son of [[Albert Brachet]], an eminent embryologist.<ref name=pirie/> He was educated at L'[[École alsacienne]] in [[Paris]] and the {{interlanguage link|Royal Athenaeum of Ixelles in Brussels|fr|Athénée royal d'Ixelles}}. He studied medicine at the {{lang|fr|[[Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)|Université Libre de Bruxelles]]}}, graduating in 1934. He then worked at the [[University of Cambridge]] and at [[Princeton University]] and at several institutes of marine biological research.<ref name=pirie>{{cite journal |last1=Pirie |first1=N. W. |title=Jean Brachet. 19 March 1909-10 August 1988 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=1990 |volume=36 |pages=85–99 |jstor=770081 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/770081 |issn=0080-4606}}</ref> Brachet was appointed Professor of Animal Morphology and General Biology at the {{lang|fr|Université libre de Bruxelles}} ('Free University of Brussels', the institution operating between 1834 and 1969) and Research Director of the International Laboratory for Genetics and Biophysics in [[Naples]].<ref name="royalsoced.org.uk">{{Cite book |url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf |title=Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002: Part 1 (A–J) |author1=C. D. Waterston |author2=A Macmillan Shearer |publisher=[[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] |isbn=090219884X |date=July 2006 |access-date=18 September 2015 |archive-date=24 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124115814/http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1933 Brachet was able to show that [[DNA]] was found in [[chromosomes]] and that RNA was present in the [[cytoplasm]] of all cells. His work with [[Torbjörn Caspersson]] showed that RNA plays an active role in protein synthesis. Brachet also carried out pioneering work in the field of [[cell differentiation]]. Brachet demonstrated that differentiation is preceded by the formation of new [[ribosome]]s and accompanied by the release from the nucleus of a wave of new [[messenger RNA]].<ref name=sapp>{{cite journal |last1=Sapp |first1=J. |title=Jean Brachet, l'hérédité générale and the origins of molecular embryology |journal=History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences |date=1997 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–87 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9284643/ |pmid=9284643 |issn=0391-9714}}</ref> In 1934 he married Françoise de Baray. In 2004, his daughter Lise Brachet published a biography of her father.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brachet |first1=Lise |title=Le Professeur Jean Brachet, mon père: Biologiste moléculaire |date=2004 |publisher=Editions L'Harmattan |isbn=978-2-7475-7497-6|language=fr}}</ref> In 1948 Jean Brachet was awarded the [[Francqui Prize]] for Biological and Medical Sciences and in 1953 he received the {{interlanguage link|Albert Brachet Prize|fr|Prix Albert Brachet}} from the [[Royal Academy of Belgium]] for the best original work in embryology, an award instituted in honour of his father. He was elected a [[fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1966.<ref name=pirie/> ==Publications== *''Embryologie Chimique'' (1944) *''Biological Cytology'' (1957) *''Introduction to Molecular Embryology'' (1957) *''Molecular Cytology'' (2 vols.) (1985) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061002001130/http://www.szn.it/gallery/gallery4.htm Photo] {{FRS 1966}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brachet, Jean}} [[Category:1909 births]] [[Category:1988 deaths]] [[Category:Belgian biochemists]] [[Category:Foreign Members of the Royal Society]] [[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni]] [[Category:Academic staff of the Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)]] [[Category:Princeton University fellows]] [[Category:Schleiden Medal recipients]]'