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'{{Short description|Austrian-American actor and folk musician (1924–2015)}} <!-- Add Television Appearance "Gunsmoke" Song for Dying (TV Episode 1965) --> {{Use American English|date=July 2021}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2021}} {{Infobox person |name = Theodore Bikel |image = Theodore Bikel (4133239868 24c25ac837 z) (cropped).jpg |caption = Bikel in 2009 |birth_name = Theodore Meir Bikel |birth_date = {{birth date|1924|05|02}} |birth_place = [[Vienna]], [[First Austrian Republic|Austria]] |death_date = {{death date and age|2015|07|21|1924|05|02}} |death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S. |resting_place = [[Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery]] |occupation = Actor, folk singer |years_active = 1943–2013 |spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Ofra Bikel|Ofra Ichilov]]<br />|1942|1943|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Rita Weinberg Call<br />|1967|2008|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Tamara Brooks]]<br />|2008|2012|end=died}}|{{marriage|Aimee Ginsburg<br />|2013}}}} |children = 2 |module2 = {{infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office = 9th [[President (corporate title)|President]] of the American [[Actors' Equity Association]] | term_start = 1973 | term_end = 1982 | predecessor = [[Frederick O'Neal]] | successor = [[Ellen Burstyn]] }} }} '''Theodore Meir Bikel''' ({{IPAc-en|b|ɪ|ˈ|k|ɛ|l}} {{respell|bih|KEL}}; May 2, 1924 – July 21, 2015) was an American actor, folk singer, musician, composer, unionist, and political activist. He appeared in films, including ''[[The African Queen (film)|The African Queen]]'' (1951), ''[[Moulin Rouge (1952 film)|Moulin Rouge]]'' (1952), ''[[The Kidnappers]]'' (1953), ''[[The Enemy Below]]'' (1957), ''[[I Want to Live!]]'' (1958), ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'' (1964), ''[[The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming]]'' (1966), and ''[[200 Motels]]'' (1971). For his portrayal of Sheriff Max Muller in ''[[The Defiant Ones]]'' (1958), he was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The 31st Academy Awards – 1959 |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1959|website=Oscars.org|publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|access-date=March 13, 2018}}</ref> He made his stage debut in ''[[Tevye|Tevye the Milkman]]'' in [[Tel Aviv, Israel]], when he was in his teens. He later studied acting at Britain's [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]], and made his London stage debut in 1948 and in New York in 1955. He was also a widely recognized and recorded [[folk music|folk singer]] and guitarist. In 1959, he co-founded the [[Newport Folk Festival]], and created the role of [[Georg von Trapp|Captain von Trapp]] opposite [[Mary Martin]] as Maria in the original [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] production of [[Rodgers & Hammerstein]]'s ''[[The Sound of Music]]''. In 1969, Bikel began acting and singing on stage as Tevye in the musical ''[[Fiddler on the Roof]]'', a role he performed more often than any other actor to date. The production won nine Tony Awards, and was one of the [[Long-running musical theatre productions|longest-running musicals in Broadway history]]. Bikel was president of the [[Associated Actors and Artistes of America]] until 2014, and was president of [[Actors' Equity Association|Actors' Equity]] in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He served as the chairman of the board of directors of [[Partners for Progressive Israel]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://partners4israel.org/about-meretz-usa |title=About Partners for Progressive Israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121073640/http://partners4israel.org/about-meretz-usa |archive-date=November 21, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> where he also lectured. ==Early years== Theodore Bikel was born into a [[History of the Jews in Vienna|Jewish family]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://jewishjournal.com/uncategorized/70244/ | title=Top 5 Jewish moments in 'Trek' | first=Adam | last=Wills | work=[[The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles|JewishJournal.com]] | date=May 7, 2009 | access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> in [[Vienna]], [[First Austrian Republic|Austria]], the son of Miriam (née Riegler) and Josef Bikel,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.filmreference.com/film/96/Theodore-Bikel.html |title= Theodore Bikel Biography (1924–) |publisher= filmreference.com |access-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref> from [[Bukovina]]. As an active [[Zionism|Zionist]], his father named him after [[Theodor&nbsp;Herzl]], the founder of modern Zionism. Following [[Anschluss|the German annexation of Austria]] in 1938, Bikel's family fled to [[Mandatory Palestine]], where his father's contacts helped the family obtain British passports. Bikel studied at the [[Mikve Yisrael]] agricultural school and joined [[Kibbutz]] [[Kfar HaMaccabi]].<ref name=haaretz>David B. Green, [http://www.haaretz.com/news/features/this-day-in-jewish-history/.premium-1.588549 This Day in Jewish History / Singer, actor and activist Theodore Bikel is born] ''[[Haaretz]]'', February 5, 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2014.</ref> Bikel started acting while in his teens. He performed with [[Habimah Theatre]] in 1943, and was one of the founding members of the [[Cameri Theatre]], which became a leading [[State of Israel|Israeli]] theatre company.<ref name=haaretz/><ref name=fox>[http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2015/07/21/actor-theodore-bikel-dies-in-la-at-1/ "Actor Theodore Bikel dies in LA at 91"], Fox News Channel, July 21, 2015</ref> He described his acting experience there as similar to, if not better than, the [[method acting]] techniques taught at the [[Actors Studio]] in New York. "The Habimah people were much closer to the Method, indeed, than [[Lee Strasberg]] was, because they were direct disciples of [[Konstantin Stanislavski|Stanislavski]]."<ref name=staggs/> In 1945, he moved to London to study at the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collegerelations.vassar.edu/2008/2528/|publisher=Vassar College|title=Renowned actor and folk singer Theodore Bikel and conductor Tamara Brooks to visit Vassar College as Artists in Residence. February 10–18, 2008|location=Poughkeepsie, New York|date=January 15, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829142232/http://collegerelations.vassar.edu/2008/2528/|archive-date=August 29, 2008}}</ref> Finding work almost immediately, from the mid 40s to the late 50s, Bikel appeared in a slew of British B-movies, and the occasional 'A' film too, usually playing heavies and crooks of various European nationalities despite having perfected his English accent. He played the lead role in 1956 English film drama, 'Flight from Vienna'. Despite his success in the UK, the ever-ambitious Bikel travelled to the States in 1954 to pursue his career in the more lucrative Hollywood movie industry and on Broadway, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1961.<ref name=nyt/> Bikel did not return to live in Israel, nor did he take part in the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]. Bikel wrote in his autobiography, ''Theo'': "A few of my contemporaries regarded [not returning to Israel] as a character flaw, if not a downright act of desertion. In me there remains a small, still voice that asks whether I can ever fully acquit myself in my own mind."<ref>{{cite news | last1=Ivry | first1=Benjamin | title=Remembering Theo Bikel, a fighter to the end | url=https://forward.com/culture/312365/remembering-theodore-bikel-who-remained-defiant-to-the-end/ | access-date=August 6, 2018 | work=[[The Forward]] | date=July 21, 2015}}</ref> ==Career== ===Actor=== [[File:The Elgin Hour San Francisco Fracas 1955.jpg|thumb|Bikel (back, center), performing in ''[[The Elgin Hour]]'', 1955, with (l-r) [[Joe Mantell]], [[Orson Bean]], [[Polly Bergen]]]] In 1948, [[Michael Redgrave]] recommended Bikel to his friend [[Laurence Olivier]] as understudy for the parts of both [[Stanley Kowalski]] and Harold "Mitch" Mitchell in the [[West End theatre|West End]] theatre district premiere of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[A Streetcar Named Desire]]'' in [[London, England|London]], ([[England]] / [[United Kingdom]]).<ref>Bikel, Theodore. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BbCxPhC2P_cC&pg=PA56 ''Theo: An Autobiography'', pp. 56–57] at [[Google Books]]</ref> Aside from being an understudy, Bikel's main role in the production was the relatively minor part of Pablo Gonzales.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theatricalia.com/play/427/a-streetcar-named-desire/production/ms8|title=Production of A Streetcar Named Desire &#124; Theatricalia|website=Theatricalia.com}}</ref> He graduated from supporting actor and understudy, though, to star opposite the director's wife, [[Vivien Leigh]], with a sudden, unplanned performance when a co-star, playing the role of Mitch, came down with a case of flu. Bikel showed up backstage and went directly to Leigh's dressing room to ask if she wanted to rehearse with him, to make sure he was right for the role. She replied that she did not need to: "Go and do it," she said. "You are a professional, and Larry gave you this job because he trusted you to do it well." After the show, Leigh told him, "Well done."<ref name=staggs>Staggs, Sam. ''When Blanche Met Brando: The Scandalous Story of "A Streetcar Named Desire"'', Macmillan (2005) pp. 113–114</ref> For most of his acting career, he was known for his versatility in playing characters of different nationalities and ethnic backgrounds; he claimed he took on those different personalities so his acting would "never get stale."<ref name=nyt>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/theater/theodore-bikel-master-of-versatility-in-songs-roles-and-activism-dies-at-91.html|title=Theodore Bikel, Master of Versatility in Songs, Roles and Activism, Dies at 91 |first1=Richard |last1=Severo |first2=Ralph |last2=Blumenthal |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |page=A24 |date=July 21, 2015}}</ref> On television, he played an [[Armenia|Armenian]] merchant on ''[[Ironside (1967 TV series)|Ironside]]'', a [[Poland|Polish]] professor on ''[[Charlie's Angels]]'', an American tyrannical college / law school professor on ''[[The Paper Chase (TV series)|The Paper Chase]]'' (television version of the earlier famous feature film "[[The Paper Chase (film)|The Paper Chase]]" (1973), starring [[John Houseman]] as "Professor Kingsley"), a [[Bulgaria|Bulgarian]] villain on ''[[Falcon Crest]]'', a [[Belarus|Belarusian]] on ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', and an [[Italy|Italian]] on ''[[Murder, She Wrote]]''.<ref name=nyt/> In movies, he played an [[Imperial Germany|Imperial German]] naval gunboat officer of the [[First World War]] era in ''[[The African Queen']]' (1951) opposite [[Humphrey Bogart]] and [[Katherine Hepburn]] and in the [[World War II]] combat film on a [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] [[U-boat|U-boat / submarine]] in ''[[The Enemy Below]]'' (1957) starring [[Robert Mitchum]] and [[Curt Blond]], a [[Southern United States|Southern]] "redneck" sheriff chasing two chained escaped convicts [[Sidney Poitier]] and [[Tony Curtis]] in '[[he Defiant Ones]]'', and a [[Russia|Russian]] [[Submarine|submarine]] captain whose boat gets grounded on the beach near the rural village on Gloucester Island of the [[New England]] rocky coast causing residents to panic of a threatening Russian [[Soviet Union]] / [[Red Navy]] invasion in the [[Cold War]] era comedy ''[[The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming]]'!!!' (1966), along with [[Alan Arkin]], [[Brian Keith]], [[Jonathan Winters]] and [[Carl Reiner]]. He also portrayed the sadistic General Jouvet in ''[[The Pride and the Passion]]'' (1957), and was screen tested for the role of [[Auric Goldfinger]] in the [[James Bond in film|James Bond]] film ''[[Goldfinger (film)|Goldfinger]]'' (1964), though the part ultimately fell to [[West Germany|German]] actor [[Gert Fröbe]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Barnes|first1=Alan|last2=Hearn|first2=Marcus|title=Kiss Kiss Bang! Bang!|publisher=The Overlook Press|page=34|isbn=087951874X|year=1998}}</ref> In ''[[My Fair Lady]]'' (1964), he played the overbearing [[Hungary|Hungarian]] linguist Zoltan Karpathy.<ref name=nyt/> He made his [[Broadway]] debut in 1955 in ''Tonight in Samarkand'', and in 1958 was nominated for a Tony for ''The Rope Dancers''. In 1959, he created the role of [[Austria-Hungary Empire]] naval Captain von Trapp in the original stage musicale production of ''[[The Sound of Music]]'', which earned him a second [[Tony Award|"Tony"]] nomination.<ref name=fox/> Bikel did not like his role because his ability to sing was underused; neither did he like performing the same role of the captain repeatedly. When the famous longtime musicale composers, [[Rodgers and Hammerstein]], realized Bikel was an accomplished folksinger, they wrote the [[Austria|Austrian]] / [[Germany|German]] song "[[Edelweiss (song)|Edelweiss]]" specifically for him to sing and accompany himself on the guitar, but also later sung by [[Christopher Plummer]]'s portrayal of Captain von Trapp to sing in the film.<ref name=variety>[https://variety.com/2015/film/news/theodore-bikel-fiddler-on-the-roof-star-dies-at-91-1201544826/ "Theodore Bikel, ‘Fiddler on the Roof’ Star, Dies at 91"], ''Variety'', July 21, 2015</ref> In 1964, he played Zoltan Karpathy, the dialect expert, in the film version of ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]''. Since his first appearance as Tevye in the musical ''[[Fiddler on the Roof (film)|Fiddler on the Roof]]'' (1967), Bikel had performed the role more often than any other actor (more than 2,000 times). When an injury required 74-year-old fellow [[Israel|Israeli]] performer [[Chaim Topol]] (veteran of many productions of the [[Fiddler on the Roof (play)|stage show]] and star of the later 1967 motion picture ''[[Fiddler on the Roof (film)|Fiddler on the Roof]]'') to withdraw from a high-budget, much-promoted 2009 [[North America|North American]] tour of the revival musical, Bikel substituted for him in several appearances in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Lifestyle/One-more-fiddle-for-the-road|newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|first=Robert|last=Slater|date=February 6, 2013|title=One more fiddle for the road|access-date=September 28, 2014}}</ref> Bikel was a guest star on many popular television series in the [[1950s]] (often called the first "[[Golden Age of Television]]"). He appeared in an episode of the 1954 [[NBC]] [[legal drama]] ''[[Justice (1954 TV series)|Justice]]'' based on cases from the [[Legal Aid Bureau|Legal Aid Society]] of [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ctva.biz/US/Legal/Justice.htm|title=Justice|publisher=The Classic TV Archive|access-date=October 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008131509/http://ctva.biz/US/Legal/Justice.htm#|archive-date=October 8, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> He also appeared in the episode entitled "The Faithful Pilgrimage" of [[CBS]]'s ''[[Appointment with Adventure]]'' [[anthology series]]. That particular episode was written by [[Rod Serling]] (famous producer / narrator of '[[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]' and other mystery productions). He also appeared in a second episode of ''Appointment with Adventure'' entitled "Return of the Stranger". Bikel also appeared in an acting role in [[Frank Zappa]]'s experimental film ''[[200 Motels]]'' (1971). Bikel continued guest-starring in the following decades of the [[1960s]] and [[1970s]] beginning on [[Rod Serling]]'s ''[[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' (episode "[[Four O'Clock]]" as Oliver Crangle). He appeared on episodes of the [[Westerns on television|Western]] series of '[[Wagon Train]]'', and the [[World War II]] drama ''[[Combat!]]'' in the season-three episode "Mountain Man" as Francois Perrault. Then the police dramas of ''[[Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)|Hawaii Five-O]]'', ''[[Columbo]]'' (1977, "The Bye-Bye Sky High I.Q. Murder Case"), ''[[Charlie's Angels]]'', ''[[The San Pedro Beach Bums]]'', ''[[Cannon (TV series)|Cannon]]'', ' then back to family Western on '[[Little House on the Prairie (TV series)|Little House on the Prairie]]'', and the long-running "[[Gunsmoke]]". International intrigue on ''[[Mission: Impossible (1966 TV series)|Mission: Impossible]]'', [[1980s]] primetime soap opera ''[[Dynasty (1981 TV series)|Dynasty]]'', the iconic '70s [[Sitcom|sitcom]] of ''[[All in the Family]]'' (1978), ' along with more police / detective dramas on '[[Knight Rider (1982 TV series)|Knight Rider]]'', ''[[Murder, She Wrote]]'', ''[[Law & Order]]'', and ''[[Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer (1984 TV series)|Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer]]'' (episode "Elegy for a Tramp" as Gerringer that aired on January 28, 1987). Plus a guest visitor with [[Ricardo Montebalm]] as host "Mr. Rork" on "[[Fantasy Island]]". In the early [[1990s]], he appeared on the [[Science fiction|science fiction]] series ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', in the episode "[[Family (Star Trek: The Next Generation)|Family]]", playing [[Sergey Rozhenko]], [[Worf]]'s [[Belarus|Belarusian-born]] adoptive father. Bikel continued in the sci-fi genre with performing two roles in the ''[[Babylon 5]]'' universe, in 1994 as Rabbi Koslov in the first-season episode "[[TKO (Babylon 5)|TKO]]" and in 1998, as [[Ranger (Babylon 5)|Ranger]] leader Lenonn in the TV movie ''[[Babylon 5: In the Beginning]]''. Bikel was nominated for the [[Drama Desk Award]] in 2010 for outstanding solo performance for ''[[Sholom Aleichem]]: Laughter Through Tears'', an [[off-Broadway]] play that he also wrote.<ref name=variety/><ref>Hodges, Ben. ''Theatre World 2009–2010'', Applause Theatre & Cinema (2011) p. 149</ref> In 2012, Bikel played the title role in ''[[Visiting Mr. Green]]'' with the Harold Green Jewish Theatre Company in [[Toronto, Ontario]], [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hgjewishtheatre.com/visitingmrgreen.html |title=VISITING MR. GREEN – Harold Green Jewish Theatre Company – Professional Plays in Toronto |publisher=Hgjewishtheatre.com |date=February 18, 2012 |access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> In 2013, Bikel starred in ''Journey 4 Artists'', a documentary that celebrates the power of music and religious diversity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2720024/|title=Journey 4 Artists (2013)|publisher=IMDb.com|access-date=July 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.journey4artists.com/ |title=Journey 4 Artists ; A Michele Noble film |publisher=Journey4artists.com |access-date=July 24, 2015}}</ref> ===Folk singer and composer=== In 1955, at the suggestion of [[Jac Holzman]] of [[Elektra Records]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elektra.com/artist/theodore-bikel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925115230/http://www.elektra.com/artist/theodore-bikel|url-status=dead|title=Theodore Bikel, Elektra Records|archive-date=September 25, 2015}}</ref> Bikel began recording songs, including several albums of [[Judaism|Jewish]] folk songs and songs from [[Russia]] and other countries, making over 20 contemporary and folk music albums during his career.<ref>[http://www.timesofisrael.com/theodore-bikel-face-of-fiddlers-tevye-dies-at-91/ "Theodore Bikel, face of ‘Fiddler’s’ Tevye, dies at 91"], ''The Times of Israel'', July 21, 2015</ref> For those, he played acoustic guitar alone or accompanied by other musicians. He was able to sing in 21 different languages, including Yiddish, Hebrew, German, Russian, Hungarian, Romanian, French, medieval Spanish, Zulu, and English. His early albums included ''Israeli Folk Songs'' (1955) and ''Songs of Russian Old & New'' (1960).<ref name=nyt/> Bikel's live performances were issued on two albums: ''Bravo Bikel'' (1959), and ''Bikel on Tour'' (1963).<ref name=strong/> In 1959, Bikel co-founded the [[Newport Folk Festival]] (together with [[Pete Seeger]], [[Harold Leventhal]], [[Oscar Brand]], and [[George Wein]]). He performed a number of recorded duets with [[Judy Collins]] at various festivals and on television.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FU88_OVIkHE|title=Judy Collins & Theodore Bikel – Newport Festival 1942|date=July 21, 2015|publisher=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joHwLh-DIlA|title=Judy Collins & Theodore Bikel – Kisses Sweeter Than Wine, 1963, from HOOTENANNY|date=December 12, 2013|publisher=YouTube}}</ref> During an interview, when asked what inspired him to become involved in organizing a folk festival, he said that music was "one of the few answers to the chaos that we have," one of the only recourses to avoid social strife, and a means of giving youth hope for a better world.<ref name="nyt"/><ref name=newport/> Bikel viewed then 21-year-old [[Bob Dylan]] as one of those young performers expressing emotional and social messages through song.<ref name=newport>video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEQeZ_Js3fQ&t=2m27s "Theodore Bikel - Interview - Newport 1963"], 4 min.</ref> In 1963, Bikel joined Dylan, Seeger, [[Peter, Paul and Mary]], and [[Joan Baez]] for the festival grand finale as they sang "Blowin' in the Wind" and "We Shall Overcome".<ref name=MacAdams/> Following the festival, Bikel, Seeger, and Dylan traveled to a planned rally in [[Greenwood, Mississippi]], to perform Dylan's newly written song, "[[Only a Pawn in Their Game]]", about the man who murdered [[Medgar Evers]].<ref name=MacAdams>MacAdams, Lewis. ''Birth of the Cool: Beat, Bebop, and the American Avant Garde'', Simon and Schuster (2001) p. 259</ref> Originally, only Bikel and Seeger were scheduled to perform, but Bikel wanted Dylan to go with them. He told Dylan's manager, [[Albert Grossman]], "I'll tell you what. Buy him a ticket. Don't tell him where it came from. Tell him it's time to go down and experience the South."<ref name=Sounes>Sounes, Howard. ''Down the Highway: The Life of Bob Dylan'', Grove Press (2011) e-book</ref> Bikel's close friendship with Seeger was sometimes tested as a result of the Newport festival's choice of performers. On one occasion, Seeger became infuriated during Bob Dylan's legendary 1965 performance accompanied by the [[Paul Butterfield Blues Band]]. Seeger expected Bikel to support him: "Theo, for Chrissake—tell them. Set them straight!" Bikel stepped forward and told Seeger, "Peter, this band, these rebels—they are us. They are what we were 20 years ago. Remember?" Seeger stared at him "like a trauma victim", as Bikel succeeded in calming Seeger down enough to let the group finish their songs.<ref name=Spitz>Spitz, Bob. ''Dylan: A Biography'', W. W. Norton & Company (1989) p. 304</ref> In 1965, Bikel, as well as Seeger, was shocked when Bob Dylan turned electric at the festival, an event some call "Dylan's declaration of musical independence."<ref>Colby, Paul. ''The Bitter End: Hanging Out at America's Nightclub'', Rowman & Littlefield (2002) p. 170</ref><ref>Wald, Elijah. ''Dylan Goes Electric!: Newport, Seeger, Dylan, and the Night That Split the Sixties'', Dey Street Books (July 2015) back cover</ref> In 1962, Bikel became the first singer besides Dylan to perform "[[Blowin' in the Wind]]" in public. His album ''A Folksinger's Choice'' (1964) featured [[Roger McGuinn|Jim McGuinn]] (as he was then known) on banjo.<ref name=strong/> Bikel (with business partner [[Herb Cohen]]) opened the first folk music coffee house in Los Angeles, The Unicorn. Its popularity led to the two opening a second club, Cosmo Alley, which, in addition to folk music, presented poets such as [[Maya Angelou]] and comics including [[Lenny Bruce]]. Bikel became increasingly involved with [[civil and political rights|civil-rights]] issues and [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]] causes, and was a [[Eugene McCarthy]] [[Delegate (American politics)|delegate]] to the [[1968 Democratic Convention]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Hollywood's White House: The American Presidency in Film and History|editor-first=Peter|editor-last=Rollins|publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]]|date=September 12, 2010|isbn=978-0813127927}}</ref> ==Personal life== [[File:Theodore Bikel.jpg|alt=Photograph of Bickel t Washington D.C. Kennedy Center as an Honoree, 2002|thumb|Bikel at the Kennedy Center Honors, Washington D.C., 2002]] Bikel was married four times. He married [[Ofra Bikel|Ofra Ichilov]] in 1942. They divorced the following year. His second marriage was in 1967 to Rita Weinberg Call, with whom he had two children. They divorced in 2008. He married conductor [[Tamara Brooks]] later that year. She died in 2012. He married journalist and foreign correspondent Aimee Ginsburg on December 29, 2013.<ref name="nyt"/> ===Political activism=== Bikel was a longtime activist in the civil-rights and human-rights movements, participating as a fundraiser with performances.<ref name=nyt/> He co-founded the [[Actors Federal Credit Union]] in 1962, and in 1968, he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in Chicago.<ref name=nyt/> He was president of Actors' Equity from 1977 to 1982, in which office he supported human-rights causes. Since 1988, he had been president of the Associated Actors and Artistes of America.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2015/07/theodore-bikel-dead-actor-union-activist-1201482931/ "Theodore Bikel Dies: Actor & Longtime Union Activist Was 91"], ''Deadline Hollywood'', July 21, 2015</ref> Upon hearing of his death, Actors’ Equity wrote: "From the time he joined Equity in 1954, Bikel has been an advocate for the members of our union and his extraordinary achievements paved the way for so many. No one loved theater more, his union better, or cherished actors like Theo did. He has left an indelible mark on generations of members past and generations of members to come. We thank you, Theo, for all you have done."<ref name=variety/> Bikel was an active supporter and campaigner for [[John F. Kennedy]]. He did some of his campaigning during the run of ''The Sound of Music'', which got him into trouble with the producers, who did not think it was becoming for an actor. He recalls, "I would go out sometimes between matinee and evening performances, go to a rally and speak from a flat-bed truck, and then come back to the theater." The producers stopped complaining, however, when after one show he was picked up backstage by a limousine carrying [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], and he accompanied her to a Democratic rally as her special guest.<ref>Davis, Ronald. ''Mary Martin, Broadway Legend'', Univ. of Oklahoma Press (2008) p. 217</ref> In 1968, Bikel supported the presidential campaign of [[Eugene McCarthy]] and attended the [[1968 Democratic National Convention]] after being elected as a pro-McCarthy delegate in New York.<ref>Witkin, Richard. "M'CARTHY DELEGATES WIN MAJORITY OF RACES HERE," ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]],'' June 19, 1968.</ref> At the 1977 [[AFL–CIO]] Convention, Bikel welcomed Russian dissident [[Vladimir Bukovsky]] upon his release from the [[Soviet Union]].<ref name="Chenoweth4"> {{harvtxt|Chenoweth|1992|p=4}}: {{cite journal|title=The gallant warrior: In&nbsp;memoriam Tom&nbsp;Kahn|first=Eric|last=Chenoweth<!-- authorlink=Eric Chenoweth -->|journal=Uncaptive Minds: A Journal of Information and Opinion on Eastern Europe|publisher=Institute for Democracy in Eastern Europe (IDEE)|location=1718 M&nbsp;Street,&nbsp;NW, No.&nbsp;147, Washington&nbsp;DC 20036, USA|issn=0897-9669|volume=5|issue=20, number 2|date=Summer 1992|pages=5–16|url=http://www.democracyforcuba.org/images/stories/media/UM2/vol.5no.2a.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019124831/http://www.democracyforcuba.org/images/stories/media/UM2/vol.5no.2a.pdf|archive-date=October 19, 2015}}</ref> He was arrested in front of the Soviet Embassy in Washington in 1986 while protesting the plight of [[Refusenik|Soviet Jews]].<ref name="nyt" /> President [[Jimmy Carter]] appointed him to serve on the National Council for the Arts in 1977 for a six-year term.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/stage-film-star-theodore-bikel-dies-la-91-32599915 | title=Home> Entertainment Stage and Film Star Theodore Bikel Dies in LA at 91 | work=ABC News | date=July 21, 2015 | access-date=July 21, 2015 | author=Kennedy, Mark}}</ref> In 2007, he served as chair of the Board of Directors of [[Meretz]] USA (now [[Partners for Progressive Israel]]).<ref name=cnn/> He was a member of the high-IQ collective [[Mensa International]].<ref name=quiz83>{{cite book|last1=Grosswirth|first1=Marvin|last2=Salny|first2=Abbie F.|title=The Mensa genius quiz|date=January 23, 1983|publisher=Addison-Wesley Publishing|isbn=978-0-201-05958-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/mensageniusquizb02gros/page/n163 148]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mensageniusquizb02gros}}</ref> ==Death== Bikel died on July 21, 2015, at [[Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center]] in Los Angeles of natural causes, according to publicist Harlan Boll, survived by Ms. Ginsburg, his sons from his second marriage, Robert and Daniel, and three grandchildren.<ref name=nyt/> He was buried at [[Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery]] in Culver City, California. ==Awards and recognition== {{div col|colwidth=36em}} *1959 – [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Academy Award]] nomination for ''[[The Defiant Ones]]''<ref name=nyt/> *1992 – Honorary Doctorate of the [[University of Hartford]]<ref name=bio>{{cite web|last=Bikel |first=Theodore |url=http://www.bikel.com/bio |title=Theodore Bikel – Bio |publisher=Bikel.com |date=July 4, 2006 |access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> *1997 – Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Foundation for Jewish Culture<ref>[http://www.scottsdaleindependent.com/entertainment/theodore-bikel-receive-lifetime-achievement-award-scottsdale/ "Theodore Bikel to receive lifetime achievement award in Scottsdale"], ''Scottsdale Independent'', December 16, 2014</ref> *2005 – Star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] (6233 Hollywood Blvd.)<ref>{{cite web|title=Theodore Bikel|date=October 25, 2019|url=http://walkoffame.com/theodore-bikel|publisher=The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce}}</ref> *2008 – Golden Rathausmann of Vienna (November 27)<ref name=cnn>[http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-939225 "Jon Hammond with the great Theodore Bikel last night in Freight & Salvage Coffeehouse"], CNN, March 9, 2013</ref> *2009 – [[Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class]] (November 15)<ref name=cnn/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf|title=Reply to a parliamentary question|language=de|page=1919|access-date=January 31, 2013}}</ref> *2014 – Lifetime Achievement Award from Rhode Island International Film Festival (August) {{div col end}} ==Discography== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} *''Folk Songs of Israel'' (1955), Elektra<ref name=strong>{{cite book |last=Strong |first=Martin C. |date=2010 |title=The Great Folk Discography: Pioneers and Early Legends |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Polygon Books |pages=25–26 |isbn=978-1-84697-141-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://faujsa.fau.edu/jsa/collection_music.php?jsa_num=801222&queryWhere=jsa_num&queryValue=801222&select=&return=collection_album |title=Judaica Sound Archives : Folk Songs Of Israel-Theodore Bikel & Nico Feldman |publisher=Faujsa.fau.edu |access-date=July 24, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722133037/http://faujsa.fau.edu/jsa/collection_music.php?jsa_num=801222&queryWhere=jsa_num&queryValue=801222&select=&return=collection_album |archive-date=July 22, 2015 }}</ref> *''An Actor’s Holiday'' (1956), Elektra<ref name=strong/> *''A Young Man and a Maid'' (with [[Cynthia Gooding]]) (1957), Elektra<ref name=strong/> *''Theodore Bikel Sings Jewish Folk Songs'' (1958), Elektra<ref name=strong/> *''To Broadway, To Life!: The Musical Theater of Bock and Harnick''<ref>Oxford Univ. Press (2011) pp. 166–168</ref> *''Folk Songs from Just about Everywhere'' (with Geula Gill) (1959), Elektra<ref name=strong/> *''More Jewish Folk Songs'' (1959), Elektra<ref name=strong/><ref name=Lambert>Lambert, Philip. ''To Broadway, To Life!: The Musical Theater of Bock and Harnick'', Oxford Univ. Press (2011) pp. 166–168</ref> *''Bravo Bikel ([[The Town Hall (New York City)|Town Hall]] Concert)'' (1959), Elektra<ref name=strong/> *''Songs of Russia Old and New'' (1960), Elektra<ref name=strong/><ref name=Lambert/> *''Newport Folk Festival 1960'' (5 songs), Elektra<ref name=strong/> *''The Sound of Music'' (Original Broadway Cast) (1960), Columbia Records<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoaGiftU_z4 |title=Theodore Bikel – "Edelweiss" from THE SOUND OF MUSIC |publisher=YouTube |access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> *''From Bondage to Freedom'' (1961), Elektra<ref name=strong/> *''A Harvest of Israeli Folk Songs'' (1961), Elektra<ref name=strong/> *''The Poetry and Prophecy of The Old Testament'' (1962), Elektra<ref name=strong/>{{efn|This album was later retitled ''Theodore Bikel does "Song of Songs" and other Biblical Prophecies'' (reissued on Everest Records with Marian Seldes as ''Shulamit''.)}} *''The Best of Bikel'' (1962), Elektra<ref name=strong/> *''Theodore Bikel on Tour'' (1963), Elektra<ref name=strong/> *''A Folksinger’s Choice'' (1964), Elektra<ref name=strong/> *''The King and I'' (1964), Columbia Records<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/King-Studio-Cast-Recording/dp/B0013AYT8K/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1437601180&sr=8-1&keywords=theodore+bikel+king+and+i |title=The King and I (Studio Cast Recording (1964)): Studio Cast of The King and I (1964): MP3 Downloads |website=Amazon |access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> *''Yiddish Theatre and Folk Songs'' (1965), Elektra<ref name=strong/> {{col-break}} *''Songs of the Earth'' (with [[The Pennywhistlers]]) (1967), Elektra<ref name=strong/> *''Theodore Bikel Is Tevye'' (1968), Elektra *''A New Day'' (1970), Reprise Records<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/new-day-LP-THEODORE-BIKEL/dp/B00411J5GE/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1437603885&sr=8-2&keywords=theodore+bikel++A+New+Day |title=THEODORE BIKEL – a new day LP – Amazon.com Music |website=Amazon |access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> *''Silent No More'' (Soviet Jewish Underground) (1972), Star Records<ref name=strong/> *''Theodore Bikel for the Young'' (1973), Peter Pan Records<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Young-Theodore-Bikel/dp/B00EKW7HZ0/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&qid=1437603710&sr=8-6&keywords=theodore+bikel++Theodore+Bikel+for+the+Young |title=Theodore Bikel: For The Young: Music |website=Amazon |access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> *''Theodore Bikel Sings Jewish Holiday Songs'' (1987)<ref>{{cite web|author=Theodore Bikel |url=https://www.amazon.com/Classic-Jewish-Holiday-Shabbat-Songs/dp/B0000SVZTW/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&qid=1437552858&sr=8-7&keywords=theodore+bikel |title=Theodore Bikel: Classic Jewish Holiday & Shabbat Songs: Music | website=Amazon |access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> *''A Passover Story'' (1991), Western Wind<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Passover-Story-Narrated-Theodore-Traditional/dp/B00000IJPY/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1437603791&sr=8-1&keywords=theodore+bikel++A+Passover+Story&pebp=1437603795106&perid=0S6QWRGT8P9FAGD3AEKH |title=Sephardic Song, Yehezkel Braun, Andre Hajdu, Elliot Z. Levine, Louis Lewandowski, Charlie Morrow, Moyshe Oysher, Salomone Rossi, Western Wind Vocal Ensemble – The Passover Story – Narrated by Theodore Bikel with Traditional Music |website=Amazon |access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> *''A Chanukkah Story'' (1992), Western Wind<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Chanukkah-Story-Theodore-Bikel/dp/B000004AN3/ref=sr_1_fkmr1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1437601558&sr=8-1-fkmr1&keywords=theodore+bikel+%22Chanuka+story%22 |title=Theodore Bikel, Western Wind Ensemble: Chanukkah Story: Music |website=Amazon |access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> *''Theodore Bikel Sings Jewish Folk Songs'' (CD reissue, 1992), Bainbridge Records<ref name=Lambert/> *''Theodore Bikel Sings More Jewish Folk Songs'' (CD reissue, 1992) Bainbridge Records<ref name=Lambert/> *''Rise up and Fight–Songs of Jewish Partisans'' (1996), Holocaust Museum<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Rise-Fight-Songs-Jewish-Partisans/dp/B0027IC28G/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1437601389&sr=8-1&keywords=theodore+bikel+%27%27Rise+up+and+Fight%E2%80%93Songs+of+Jewish+Partisans%27%27 |title=Frieda Enoch Noble Voices Theodore Bikel – Rise Up and Fight! Songs of Jewish Partisans – Amazon.com Music |website=Amazon |access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> *''Tevye the Dairyman and the Railroad Stories'' (1996) Macmillan audio<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=1559273798 |title=Tevye the Dairyman and the Railroad Stories: Sholem Aleichem, Theodore Bikel, Hillel Halkin: 9781559273794: Amazon.com: Books }}</ref> *''A Taste of Passover'' (1998), Rounder Records<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Taste-Passover-Theodore-Bikel/dp/B000NJLLVA/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1437601433&sr=8-1&keywords=theodore+bikel+%27%27taste+of+passover%22&pebp=1437601451139&perid=1DFWQER3PA44CPDYYTJF |title=A Taste of Passover: Theodore Bikel: Movies & TV |website=Amazon |date=March 20, 2007 |access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> *''Classic Jewish Holiday & Shabbat Songs'' (2000), Sameach Records<ref name=strong/> *''A Taste of Chanukkah'' (2000), Rounder Records<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Taste-Chanukah-Various-Artists/dp/B00000JPBX/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1437601505&sr=8-1&keywords=theodore+bikel+%27%27A+Taste+of+Chanukkah&pebp=1437601509255&perid=1FDNHTPCGERCM7HDBDAC |title=Various Artists – A Taste of Chanukah – Amazon.com Music |website=Amazon |access-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> *''Theodore Bikel's Treasury of Yiddish Folk & Theatre Songs'' (2004), Rhino Handmade<ref name=strong/> *''In My Own Lifetime'' (2006), Jewish Music Group<ref name=strong/> *''Our Song'' (with Alberto Mizrahi) (2007), Opus Magica Musica<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bikel.com/music.html|title=Theodore Bikel|access-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://digital.library.upenn.edu/webbin/freedman/lookupwork?hr=&what=Theodore%20Bikel%2F%20%20Alberto%20Mizrahi%20%2F%20Our%20Song|title=Freedman Catalogue lookup: work Theodore Bikel/Alberto Mizrahi / Our Song|work=upenn.edu}}</ref> {{col-end}} ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- | 1947 | ''[[The Cherry Orchard]]'' | | TV film |- | rowspan="2"|1951 | ''[[Appointment with Venus (film)|Appointment with Venus]]'' | Man at Newspaper Vendor | Uncredited |- | ''[[The African Queen (film)|The African Queen]]'' | First Officer | |- | 1952 | ''[[Moulin Rouge (1952 film)|Moulin Rouge]]'' | [[Milan I|King Milan I of Serbia]] | |- | rowspan="5"|1953 | ''[[Desperate Moment]]'' | Anton Meyer | |- | ''[[Never Let Me Go (1953 film)|Never Let Me Go]]'' | Lieutenant | |- | ''[[Melba (film)|Melba]]'' | Paul Brotha | |- | ''[[A Day to Remember (1953 film)|A Day to Remember]]'' | Henri Dubot | |- | ''[[The Kidnappers]]'' | Dr. Willem Bloem | |- | rowspan="5"|1954 | ''[[The Love Lottery]]'' | Parsimonious | |- | ''[[Forbidden Cargo (1954 film)|Forbidden Cargo]]'' | Max | |- | ''[[The Young Lovers (1954 film)|The Young Lovers]]'' | Joseph | |- | ''[[Betrayed (1954 film)|Betrayed]]'' | German Sergeant | Uncredited |- | ''[[The Divided Heart]]'' | Josip | |- | rowspan="2"|1955 | ''[[The Colditz Story]]'' | Vandy | |- | ''[[Above Us the Waves]]'' | German Officer | |- | 1956 | ''[[Flight from Vienna]]'' | Colonel Sandor Kosice | |- | rowspan="4"|1957 | ''[[There Shall Be No Night]]'' | Uncle Vlahos | TV film |- | ''[[The Vintage]]'' | Eduardo Uribon | |- | ''[[The Pride and the Passion]]'' | General Jouvet | |- | ''[[The Enemy Below]]'' | 'Heinie' Schwaffer | |- | rowspan="4"|1958 | ''[[Fräulein (1958 film)|Fräulein]]'' | Colonel Dmitri Bucaron | |- | ''[[The Defiant Ones]]'' | Sheriff Max Muller | |- | ''[[I Bury the Living]]'' | Andy McKee | |- | ''[[I Want to Live!]]'' | Carl G.G. Palmberg | |- | rowspan="3"|1959 | ''[[The Angry Hills (film)|The Angry Hills]]'' | Dimitrios Tassos | |- | ''[[Woman Obsessed]]'' | Dr. R.W. Gibbs | |- | ''[[The Blue Angel (1959 film)|The Blue Angel]]'' | Klepert | |- | 1960 | ''[[A Dog of Flanders (1959 film)|A Dog of Flanders]]'' | Piet van Gelder | |- | 1964 | ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'' | Zoltan Karpathy | |- | rowspan="2"|1965 | ''[[Who Has Seen the Wind?]]'' | Josef Radek | TV film |- | ''[[Sands of the Kalahari]]'' | Dr. Bondarahkai | |- | 1966 | ''[[The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming]]'' | The Russian Captain | |- | rowspan="3"|1967 | ''[[The Desperate Ones]]'' | Kisielev | |- | ''[[The Diary of Anne Frank (1967 film)|The Diary of Anne Frank]]'' | Hans Van Daan | TV film |- | ''[[Saint Joan (1967 film)|Saint Joan]]'' | Robert de Baudricourt | TV film |- | 1968 | ''[[Sweet November (1968 film)|Sweet November]]'' | Alonzo | |- | 1969 | ''[[My Side of the Mountain (film)|My Side of the Mountain]]'' | Bando | |- | 1970 | ''[[Darker than Amber (film)|Darker Than Amber]]'' | Meyer | |- | 1971 | ''[[200 Motels]]'' | Rance Muhammitz | |- | rowspan="2"|1972 | ''Killer by Night'' | Sergeant. Phl 'Sharkey' Gold | TV film |- | ''[[The Little Ark]]'' | The Captain | |- | 1974 | ''Immigrants: We All Came to America'' | Narrator | |- | 1975 | ''[[Murder on Flight 502]]'' | Otto Gruenwaldt | TV film |- | 1976 | ''[[Victory at Entebbe]]'' | Yakov Shlomo | TV film |- | 1978 | ''[[The Stingiest Man in Town]]'' | Marley's Ghost | TV film, voice role |- | 1980 | ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]'' | Aragorn | TV film, voice role |- | 1984 | ''[[Prince Jack]]'' | Georgi | |- | 1986 | ''Very Close Quarters'' | Victor | |- | 1988 | ''[[A Stoning in Fulham County]]'' | Abe Moser | TV film |- | rowspan="3"|1989 | ''[[Dark Tower (1989 film)|Dark Tower]]'' | Max Gold | |- | ''[[See You in the Morning (film)|See You in the Morning]]'' | Bronie | |- | ''[[The Final Days (1989 film)|The Final Days]]'' | Henry Kissinger | TV film |- | 1991 | ''[[Shattered (1991 film)|Shattered]]'' | Dr. Berkus | |- | 1992 | ''Crisis in the Kremlin'' | Leo | |- | rowspan="2"|1993 | ''[[Benefit of the Doubt (1993 film)|Benefit of the Doubt]]'' | Gideon Lee | |- | ''My Family Treasure'' | Grandpa Danieloff | |- | 1997 | ''[[Shadow Conspiracy]]'' | Professor Yuri Pochenko | |- | rowspan="2"|1998 | ''[[Babylon 5: In the Beginning]]'' | Lenonn | TV film |- | ''[[Second Chances (film)|Second Chances]]'' | Dutch John Hathaway | |- | 2000 | ''H.U.D.'' | Ambassador Bjorn Jorgenson | TV film |- | 2002 | ''[[Crime and Punishment (2002 Russian film)|Crime and Punishment]]'' | Captain Koch | |- | 2007 | ''[[The Little Traitor]]'' | Interrogator | |} ===Television=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- | 1953 | ''[[Johnny, You're Wanted (TV series)|Johnny, You're Wanted]]'' | Ferrari | Mini-series |- | 1954 | ''[[The Philco Television Playhouse]]'' | | Episode: "[[The King and Mrs. Candle]]" |- | rowspan="11"|1955 | ''[[The Elgin Hour]]'' | Mr. Wu | Episode: "San Francisco Fracas" |- | rowspan="2"|''[[Studio One in Hollywood]]'' | Machek | Episode: "Passage of Arms" |- | Julius Caesar | Episode: "Julius Casar" |- | ''[[Armstrong Circle Theatre]]'' | | Episode: "Perilous Night" |- | ''[[Star Tonight]]'' | | Episode: "Footfalls" |- | ''Appointment with Adventure'' | Richter | 2 episodes |- | ''[[Producers' Showcase]]'' | | Episode: "[[The King and Mrs. Candle]]" |- | ''Strange Experiences'' | | Episode: "Portrait of Paula" |- | ''Justice'' | | Episode: "Track of Fear" |- | ''[[Goodyear Television Playhouse]]'' | Paul Laurent | Episode: "Visit to a Small Planet" |- | rowspan="2"|''[[The United States Steel Hour]]'' | Fritz Gerhardy | Episode: "Scandal at Peppernut" |- | rowspan="3"|1956 | Grigor Dimitorski | Episode: "Hunted" |- | ''[[The Alcoa Hour]]'' | Il Vecchio | Episode: "A Patch of Faith" |- | ''[[Studio One in Hollywood]]'' | Grossman | Episode: "The Power" |- | rowspan="3"|1957 | ''[[Climax!]]'' | Martin Humphries | Episode: "The Mad Bomber" |- | ''[[Alfred Hitchcock Presents]]'' | Sergeant Ottermole | Season 2 Episode 32: "The Hands of Mr. Ottermole" |- | ''[[Studio One in Hollywood]]'' | Henri Blanchard | Episode: "Death and Taxes" |- | rowspan="3"|1958 | ''[[DuPont Show of the Month]]'' | | Episode: "The Bridge of San Luis Rey" |- | ''[[Playhouse 90]]'' | Rapp | Episode: "Word from a Sealed-Off Box" |- | ''Folio'' | Barbaso | Episode: "The Hostage" |- | 1959 | ''[[Hotel de Paree]]'' | Carmoody | Episode: "Sundance Returns" |- | rowspan="2"|1960 | ''[[The Play of the Week]]'' | Sender | Episode: "The Dybbuk" |- | ''Directions'' | Host | Episode: "Footnotes to Jewish Music" |- | 1961 | rowspan="2"|''[[Naked City (TV series)|Naked City]]'' | Nicholas Rozinski | Episode: "Murder Is a Face I Know" |- | rowspan="10"|1962 | Dr. Stanley Wilford | Episode: "Portrait of a Painter" |- | ''[[Wagon Train]]'' | Dr. Denker | Episode: "The Dr. Denker Story" |- | ''[[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' | Oliver Crangle | Episode: "Four O'Clock" |- | rowspan="2"|''[[The Dick Powell Show]]'' | Captain Bellini | Episode: "The Prison" |- | Nicholas Simonakis | Episode: "Pericles on 31st Street" |- | ''[[General Electric Theater]]'' | Rabbi Halevy | Episode: "The Bar Mitzvah of Major Orlovsky" |- | ''[[Dr. Kildare (TV series)|Dr. Kildare]]'' | Dr. Mahmel Homatka | Episode: "The Visitors" |- | ''[[Route 66 (TV series)|Route 66]]'' | Dr. Anton Koseloff | Episode: "Only by Cunning Glimpses" |- | ''[[Sam Benedict]]'' | Neil Bonney | Episode: "So Various, So Beautiful" |- | ''[[Alcoa Premiere]]'' | Stefan Tamarow | Episode: "The Potentate" |- | rowspan="3"|1963 | ''[[The DuPont Show of the Week]]'' | Diamond Cutter – Herbert Vanderling | Episode: "Diamond Fever" |- | ''[[East Side/West Side (TV series)|East Side/West Side]]'' | George Everett, Sr. | Episode: "No Wings at All" |- | ''[[Theatre of Stars]]'' | Ralph Traven | Episode: "Corridor 400" |- | rowspan="4"|1964 | ''[[The Doctors and the Nurses]]'' | Dr. Kralik | Episode: "The Forever Child" |- | ''[[Combat!]]'' | Francois Perrault | Episode: "Mountain Man" |- | ''[[Rawhide (TV series)|Rawhide]]'' | Pence | Episode: "Canliss" |- | rowspan="2"|''[[Burke's Law (1963 TV series)|Burke's Law]]'' | Vic Bates | Episode: "Who Killed the Surf Board?" |- | rowspan="3"|1965 | Senor Manfred Gonzales | Episode: "Who Killed the Rest?" |- | ''[[Gunsmoke]]'' | Martin Kellums | Episode: "Song for Dying" |- | ''[[The Trials of O'Brien]]'' | Ben Moravian | Episode: "The Trouble with Archie" |- | 1966 | ''[[ABC Stage 67]]'' | Homer T. Hatch | Episode: "Noon Wine" |- | 1968 | ''[[Mission: Impossible (1966 TV series)|Mission: Impossible]]'' | General Casimir Zepke | Episode: "The Cardinal" |- | 1969 | ''[[Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)|Hawaii Five-O]]'' | Professor Erich Stoss | Episode: "Sweet Terror" |- | 1971 | ''[[Ironside (1967 TV series)|Ironside]]'' | Arschag Divinian | Episode: "The Summer Soldier" |- | 1972 | ''[[Cannon (TV series)|Cannon]]'' | Mike Tampa | Episode: "Blood on the Vine" |- | 1973 | ''[[The Mod Squad]]'' | Max Kalatsis | Episode: "Cry Uncle" |- | 1975 | ''[[Medical Story]]'' | Danzinger | Episode: "Us Against the World" |- | rowspan="3"|1976 | ''[[Medical Center (TV series)|Calling Dr. Gannon]]'' | Joseph Zankov | Episode: "A Very Private War" |- | ''[[Ellery Queen (TV series)|Ellery Queen]]'' | Sergio Vargo | Episode: "The Adventure of the Two-Faced Woman" |- | ''[[Little House on the Prairie (TV series)|Little House on the Prairie]]'' | Yuli Pyatakov | Episode: "Centennial" |- | rowspan="4"|1977 | ''[[Charlie's Angels]]'' | Professor Peter Wycinski | Episode: "Angels on a String" |- | ''[[Columbo]]'' | Oliver Brandt | Episode: "The Bye-Bye Sky High I.Q. Murder Case" |- | ''Testimony of Two Men'' | Peter Hegger | Mini-series |- | ''[[The San Pedro Beach Bums]]'' | Rashid | Episode: "Godfather's Five" |- | rowspan="5"|1978 | ''[[Police Woman (TV series)|Police Woman]]'' | Adamus Tarash | Episode: "Sons" |- | ''Loose Change'' | Tom Feiffer | Mini-series |- | ''[[The Amazing Spider-Man (TV series)|The Amazing Spider-Man]]'' | Mandak | Episode: "The Curse of Rava" |- | ''[[Fantasy Island]]'' | Ambassador Eric Soro | Episode: "King for a Day/Instant Family" |- | ''[[All in the Family]]'' | Albrecht 'Alvin' Klemmer | 2 episodes |- | 1982 | ''[[Trapper John, M.D.]]'' | Vladimir Lopatkin | Episode: "Russians and Ruses" |- | 1983 | ''[[Knight Rider (1982 TV series)|Knight Rider]]'' | Graham Deauville | Episode: "Chariot of Gold" |- | 1984 | ''[[Glitter (American TV series)|Glitter]]'' | | Episode: "On Your Toes" |- | rowspan="5"|1985 | ''[[Hotel (American TV series)|Hotel]]'' | Constantin Markos | Episode: "New Beginnings" |- | ''[[Cover Up (TV series)|Cover Up]]'' | Assad | Episode: "Rules to Die By" |- | ''[[The Fall Guy]]'' | Kamal | Episode: "Reel Trouble" |- | ''[[Hell Town (TV series)|Hell Town]]'' | | Episode: "Fast Louie" |- | ''[[Dynasty (1981 TV series)|Dynasty]]'' | Warnick | 4 episodes |- | 1986 | ''[[The Paper Chase (TV series)|The Paper Chase]]'' | Professor George Ballard | Episode: "Suppressed Desires" |- | rowspan="2"|1987 | ''[[The New Mike Hammer]]'' | Russell Garringer | Episode: "Elegy for a Tramp" |- | ''[[Murder, She Wrote]]'' | Professor Harold Crenshaw | Episode: "Indian Giver" |- | 1987–1988 | ''[[Falcon Crest]]'' | Marin Dimitrov | Recurring role |- | rowspan="3"|1988 | ''[[Buck James]]'' | | Episode: "Almost Perfect" |- | ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1987 TV series)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' | Eli | Episode: "Chamber Music" |- | ''[[The Equalizer (1985 TV series)|The Equalizer]]'' | | Episode: "Day of the Covenant" |- | rowspan="2"|1989 | ''[[Christine Cromwell]]'' | Horace | 3 episodes |- | ''[[Murder, She Wrote]]'' | Rosanno Bertolucci | Episode: "When the Fat Lady Sings" |- | rowspan="2"|1990 | ''[[City (TV series)|City]]'' | Dr. Calagari | Episode: "You Can't Bite City Hall" |- | ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' | CPO Sergey Rozhenko | Episode: "Family" |- | rowspan="3"|1991 | ''[[The New Lassie]]'' | Scotty MacPherson | Episode: "The Gathering of the Clans" |- | ''[[Memories of Midnight]]'' | Napoleon Chotas | Mini-series |- | ''[[Murder, She Wrote]]'' | Yuri Lermentov | Episode: "The List of Yuri Lermentov" |- | 1992 | ''[[L.A. Law]]'' | Kurt Rubin | Episode: "Great Balls Afire" |- | rowspan="3"|1994 | ''[[Law & Order]]'' | Sol Bregman | Episode: "Snatched" |- | ''[[Babylon 5]]'' | Rabbi Koslov | Episode: "TKO" |- | ''[[Murder, She Wrote]]'' | Inspector Van Horn | Episode: "Amsterdam Kill" |- | 1996 | ''[[The Burning Zone]]'' | Old Priest | Episode: "St. Michael's Nightmare" |- | rowspan="2"|1997 | ''[[Brooklyn South]]'' | Solomon Shuyler | Episode: "Why Can't Even a Couple of Us Get Along?" |- | ''[[Michael Hayes (TV series)|Michael Hayes]]'' | | Episode: "Death and Taxes" |- | 1998 | ''[[The Pretender (TV series)|The Pretender]]'' | Martin Zeller/Dr. Werner Krieg | Episode: "Hazards" |- | 2003 | ''[[JAG (TV series)|JAG]]'' | Farmer with Plane | Episode: "A Tangled Webb: Part 1" |- |} ==Bibliography== * {{cite book | title=Folksongs and Footnotes: An International Songbook | url=https://archive.org/details/folksongsfootnot00bike | url-access=registration | first=Theodore | last=Bikel | publisher=Meridian Books, Inc. | year=1960}} * {{cite book | title=Theo: An Autobiography | first=Theodore | last=Bikel | publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]] | year=2002 | isbn=978-0299182847}} == See also == {{Portal|Biography}} * [[List of German-speaking Academy Award winners and nominees]] * [[Long-running musical theatre productions]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421165311/http://www.theodorebikel.org/home/ |title=TheodoreBikel.org}} * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305060653/http://www.theodorebikel.com/ |title=TheodoreBikel.com}} * {{IMDb name|0000942}} * {{IBDB name|32076}} * {{IOBDB name|2604}} * {{Playbill person|theodore-bikel-vault-0000050740}} * {{TCMDb name}} * {{AllMovie name|6169}} * [http://www.jerrywilliams.org/audio/WMEX/wmex05.m3u Part 1 of 2 of interview by Jerry Williams on WMEX Radio in Boston hours after the Kennedy Assassination] * [http://www.jerrywilliams.org/audio/WMEX/wmex06.m3u Part 2 of 2 of interview by Jerry Williams on WMEX Radio in Boston hours after the Kennedy Assassination] * [http://amestrib.com/entertainment/theodore-bikel-still-entertaining Interview with Theodore Bikel] – Ames Tribune, 24 10 January 2015. * {{Find a Grave|149596074}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bikel, Theodore}} [[Category:1924 births]] [[Category:2015 deaths]] [[Category:20th-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:Alumni of RADA]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male musical theatre actors]] [[Category:American male television actors]] [[Category:American memoirists]] [[Category:American political activists]] [[Category:Austrian emigrants to Israel]] [[Category:Burials at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery]] [[Category:Elektra Records artists]] [[Category:Israeli Ashkenazi Jews]] [[Category:Israeli emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Jewish American male actors]] [[Category:Jewish American musicians]] [[Category:Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss to the United States]] [[Category:Jewish folk singers]] [[Category:American trade union leaders]] [[Category:Male actors from Vienna]] [[Category:Mensans]] [[Category:Meretz politicians]] [[Category:Musicians from Vienna]] [[Category:Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class]] [[Category:Yiddish-language singers]] [[Category:21st-century American Jews]] [[Category:Presidents of the Actors' Equity Association]] [[Category:Yiddish-language singers of the United States]]'